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Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
}
] |
BxqIvXroFK8OkBOEUxwJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Roush was born in Oakland City, Indiana, on May 8, 1893 to parents Laura and William Roush."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1911, after he learned that other players were receiving $5 (equivalent to $74 in 2019) per game, he went to the rival Princeton, Indiana team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Hall of Fame pitcher Pete Alexander wrote of Roush, \"Of all the batters I have faced ... Edd Roush and Ross Youngs are the trickiest."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edd J. Roush (May 8, 1893 – March 21, 1988) was an American professional baseball center fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "He had the most triples for the team for any player after 1900."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush would hunt quail and rabbits at his home in Oakland City, Indiana right until a week before opening day."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1912 he played for the Evansville, Indiana team in the KITTY league."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "The Reds were trading the player with the highest career batting average for the team at that point."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "He was one of the 22 players interviewed by Lawrence Ritter and included in the original version of The Glory of Their Times, a ground-breaking book that set a standard for oral histories of baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Cincinnati Reds, New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Newark Peppers and Indianapolis Hoosiers from 1913 to 1931."
}
] |
Edd Roush was a professional baseball player for the Cleveland Indians and was born in Indiana.
| 1 | 1 |
Edd Roush
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field lines",
"text": "First, measure the strength and direction of the magnetic field at a large number of locations (or at every point in space)."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field lines",
"text": "Then, mark each location with an arrow (called a vector) pointing in the direction of the local magnetic field with its magnitude proportional to the strength of the magnetic field."
}
] |
BxvRb8sdMs41xV7Zc85e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and permanent magnets | Magnetic field of permanent magnets",
"text": "For simple magnets, m points in the direction of a line drawn from the south to the north pole of the magnet."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism: the relationship between magnetic and electric fields | Magnetic vector potential",
"text": "In this representation, the magnetic vector potential A, and the electric scalar potential φ, are defined such that: B"
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism: the relationship between magnetic and electric fields | Magnetic vector potential",
"text": "The vector potential A may be interpreted as a generalized potential momentum per unit charge just as φ is interpreted as a generalized potential energy per unit charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and permanent magnets | Magnetic pole model and the H-field",
"text": "Near the north pole, therefore, all H-field lines point away from the north pole (whether inside the magnet or out) while near the south pole all H-field lines point toward the south pole (whether inside the magnet or out)."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation between H and B | Magnetization",
"text": "The magnetization vector field"
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field and permanent magnets | Amperian loop model and the B-field",
"text": "Since dA points outward, the dot product in the integral is positive for B-field pointing out and negative for B-field pointing in."
},
{
"section_header": "Relation between H and B | H-field and magnetic materials",
"text": "a surface integral of H over any closed surface is independent of the free currents and picks out the \"magnetic charges\" within that closed surface: ∮ S"
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions, units, and measurement | The B-field",
"text": "The vector B is termed the magnetic field, and it is defined as the vector field necessary to make the Lorentz force law correctly describe the motion of a charged particle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As such, it is described mathematically as a vector field."
},
{
"section_header": "Electromagnetism: the relationship between magnetic and electric fields | Quantum electrodynamics",
"text": "In modern physics, the electromagnetic field is understood to be not a classical field, but rather a quantum field; it is represented not as a vector of three numbers at each point, but as a vector of three quantum operators at each point."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field lines",
"text": "First, measure the strength and direction of the magnetic field at a large number of locations (or at every point in space)."
},
{
"section_header": "Magnetic field lines",
"text": "Then, mark each location with an arrow (called a vector) pointing in the direction of the local magnetic field with its magnitude proportional to the strength of the magnetic field."
}
] |
Magnetic fields are not drawn out as vectors.
| 0 | 0 |
Magnetic field
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "She later testified that she experienced her first vision in 1425 at the age of 13, when she was in her \"father's garden\" and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret, who told her to drive out the English and take the Dauphin to Reims for his consecration."
}
] |
Bxx1S56a0YZYRRCsGWWU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "At her trial, Joan stated that she was about 19 years old, which implies she thought she was born around 1412."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc gained favor in the court of King Charles VII, who accepted her as sane."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Joan of Arc's religious visions have remained an ongoing topic of interest."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "John Hughes rejected the idea that Joan of Arc suffered from epilepsy in an article in the academic journal Epilepsy & Behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Dr. Philip Mackowiak dismissed the possibility of schizophrenia and several other disorders (Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and ergot poisoning) in a chapter on Joan of Arc in his book Post-Mortem in 2007.Dr."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Some historians sidestep speculation about the visions by asserting that her belief in her calling is more relevant than questions about the visions' ultimate origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "She later testified that she experienced her first vision in 1425 at the age of 13, when she was in her \"father's garden\" and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret, who told her to drive out the English and take the Dauphin to Reims for his consecration."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events | Retrial",
"text": "Investigations started with an inquest by Guillaume Bouillé, a theologian and former rector of the University of Paris (Sorbonne)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joan claimed to have received visions of the archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria instructing her to support Charles VII and recover France from English domination late in the Hundred Years' War."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "Analysis of her visions is problematic since the main source of information on this topic is the condemnation trial transcript in which she defied customary courtroom procedure about a witness oath and specifically refused to answer every question about her visions."
}
] |
Joan of Arc started having visions at 13 years old.
| 2 | 4 |
Joan of Arc
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Humans | Function",
"text": "The X chromosome carries hundreds of genes but few, if any, of these have anything to do directly with sex determination."
}
] |
ByLvUwQXehB9u8ZtCk05
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Function",
"text": "The X chromosome carries hundreds of genes but few, if any, of these have anything to do directly with sex determination."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "It was first suggested that the X chromosome was involved in sex determination by Clarence Erwin McClung in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Number of genes",
"text": "The following are some of the gene count estimates of human X chromosome."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Gene list",
"text": "The following is a partial list of genes on human chromosome X. For complete list, see the link in the infobox on the right."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Number of genes",
"text": "Because researchers use different approaches to genome annotation their predictions of the number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see gene prediction)."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Role in disease | Numerical abnormalities",
"text": "The missing genetic material affects development and causes the features of the condition, including short stature and infertility."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "He called this chromosome an accessory chromosome, and insisted (correctly) that it was a proper chromosome, and theorized (incorrectly) that it was the male-determining chromosome."
},
{
"section_header": "Humans | Number of genes",
"text": "So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes."
}
] |
The X chromosome has many genes including many to determine sex.
| 0 | 0 |
X chromosome
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine originated from a misspelling of the word \"googol\", the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information."
}
] |
Byb9glPeytpSZllv0rvz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Office locations",
"text": "The same December, it was announced that a $1 billion, 1,700,000-square-foot (160,000 m2) headquarters for Google would be built in Manhattan's Hudson Square neighborhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate identity",
"text": "The original motto was retained in the code of conduct of Google, now a subsidiary of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2011, Google donated 1 million euros to International Mathematical Olympiad to support the next five annual International Mathematical Olympiads (2011–2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Philanthropy",
"text": "In March 2007, in partnership with the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), Google hosted the first Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival at its headquarters in Mountain View."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Growth",
"text": "By that time, the name \"Google\" had found its way into everyday language, causing the verb \"google\" to be added to the Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary, denoted as: \"to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate identity",
"text": "Page and Brin write in their original paper on PageRank: \"We chose our systems name, Google, because it is a common spelling of googol, or 10100 and fits well with our goal of building very large-scale search engines.\" Having found its way increasingly into everyday language, the verb \"google\" was added to the Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006, meaning \"to use the Google search engine to obtain information on the Internet.\" Google's mission statement, from the outset, was \"to organize the world's information and make it universally accessible and useful\", and its unofficial slogan is \"Don't be evil\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and controversy | DeGoogle movement",
"text": "The term refers to the act of removing Google from one's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate identity",
"text": "From that point onward, Doodles have been organized and created by a team of employees termed \"Doodlers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "The project initially involved an unofficial \"third founder\", Scott Hassan, the original lead programmer who wrote much of the code for the original Google Search engine, but he left before Google was officially founded as a company; Hassan went on to pursue a career in robotics and founded the company Willow Garage in 2006.While conventional search engines ranked results by counting how many times the search terms appeared on the page, they theorized about a better system that analyzed the relationships among websites."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2012 onward",
"text": "Google CEO Sundar Pichai accused Damore in violating company policy by \"advancing harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace\", and he was fired on the same day."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "Eventually, they changed the name to Google; the name of the search engine originated from a misspelling of the word \"googol\", the number 1 followed by 100 zeros, which was picked to signify that the search engine was intended to provide large quantities of information."
}
] |
In mathematics, the term "google" originally was used the same way the square of a myriad is now.
| 0 | 0 |
Google
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, parts of the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya, and coastal Sudan."
}
] |
BytYiPmXqVVlFL61QJNs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government | Building projects",
"text": "These deportees enhanced the empire's economy and improved inter-cultural relations."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Accession",
"text": "In reality, Darius was not from the same house as Cyrus and his forebears, the rulers of Anshan."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | European Scythian campaign",
"text": "In frustration Darius sent a letter to the Scythian ruler Idanthyrsus to fight or surrender."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | European Scythian campaign",
"text": "The ruler replied that he would not stand and fight with Darius until they found the graves of their fathers and tried to destroy them."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Building projects",
"text": "A palace was also built during the reign of Darius, with an inscription in the name of Cyrus the Great."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Building projects",
"text": "An inscription states that the palace was destroyed during the reign of Artaxerxes I, but was rebuilt."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign | Elimination of Intaphernes",
"text": "One of the significant events of Darius's early reign was the slaying of Intaphernes, one of the seven noblemen who had deposed the previous ruler and installed Darius as the new monarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Babylonian revolt",
"text": "During this revolt, Scythian nomads took advantage of the disorder and chaos and invaded Persia."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Building projects",
"text": "During Darius's Greek expedition, he had begun construction projects in Susa, Egypt and Persepolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Accession",
"text": "After this, Darius and a group of six nobles traveled to Sikayauvati to kill an usurper, Gaumata, who had taken the throne by pretending to be Bardiya during the true king's absence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He ruled the empire at its peak, when it included much of West Asia, parts of the Caucasus, parts of the Balkans (Thrace-Macedonia, and Paeonia), most of the Black Sea coastal regions, Central Asia, as far as the Indus Valley in the far east and portions of north and northeast Africa including Egypt (Mudrâya), eastern Libya, and coastal Sudan."
}
] |
Darius I was ruler during the empire's peak.
| 0 | 0 |
Darius I
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Windsor Castle occupies 13 acres (5.3 ha), and combines the features of a fortification, a palace, and a small town."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "As of 2006, around 500 people were living and working in the castle."
}
] |
BzLBYaNVaAx0Xp6gcHnD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is notable for its long association with the English and later British royal family and for its architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 11th and 12th centuries",
"text": "Windsor was not initially used as a royal residence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century",
"text": "Queen Victoria and Prince Albert made Windsor Castle their principal royal residence, despite Victoria complaining early in her reign that the castle was \"dull and tiresome\" and \"prison-like\", and preferring Osborne and Balmoral as holiday residences."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 13th century",
"text": "Windsor Castle was one of Henry's three favourite residences and he invested heavily in the royal accommodation, spending more money at Windsor than in any other of his properties."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "The Horseshoe Cloister was taken over as a prison for captured Royalists, and the resident canons were expelled from the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "The result became an \"exemplar\" for royal buildings for the next twenty-five years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle was used as a refuge by the royal family during the Luftwaffe bombing campaigns of the Second World War and survived a fire in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "Meanwhile, during the First World War, anti-German feeling led the members of the Royal Family to change their dynastic name from the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; George decided to take the new name from the castle, and the Royal Family became the House of Windsor in 1917.Edward VIII did not spend much of his reign at Windsor Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Lower Ward",
"text": "On the opposite side of the chapel is a range of buildings including the lodgings of the Military Knights, and the residence of the Governor of the Military Knights."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Windsor Castle occupies 13 acres (5.3 ha), and combines the features of a fortification, a palace, and a small town."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "As of 2006, around 500 people were living and working in the castle."
}
] |
Windsor Castle, the royal residence of the English and British royal family, includes a small village with over five hundred residence.
| 0 | 1 |
Windsor Castle
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also one of the first three women to be a member of a French government, becoming undersecretary for Scientific Research, under the Popular Front in 1936."
}
] |
BzaEjGgqQrs2lXPG9Vbq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Frédéric was also given a national funeral by the French government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1945, she was one of the six commissioners of the new French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) created by de Gaulle and the Provisional Government of the French Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "When the French government held a national funeral in her honor, Irène's family asked to have the religious and military portions of the funeral omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also one of the first three women to be a member of a French government, becoming undersecretary for Scientific Research, under the Popular Front in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Research",
"text": "The Joliot-Curies were a part of the organization in charge of the project, Atomic Energy Commission, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (CEA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "Concern for her own health together with the anguish of her husband being in the resistance against the German troops and her children in occupied France was hard to bear."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Political views",
"text": "In the same year, Joliot-Curie was appointed Undersecretary of State for Scientific Research by the French government, in which capacity she helped in founding the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "Marie joined forces with a number of eminent French scholars, including the prominent French physicist Paul Langevin to form \"The Cooperative\", which included a private gathering of nine students that were children of the most distinguished academics in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "She continually applied to the French Academy of sciences, an elite scientific organization, knowing that she would be denied."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Irène Joliot-Curie (French: [iʁɛn ʒɔljo kyʁi] (listen); 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist, and a politician of Polish ancestry, the daughter of Marie Curie and Pierre Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie."
}
] |
Joliot-Curie was 1 of the 1st 3 females to be a part of the French government.
| 3 | 6 |
Irène Joliot-Curie
|
Geography
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "The Channel Tunnel Safety Authority is responsible for some aspects of safety regulation in the tunnel; it reports to the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC)."
}
] |
Bzal8f0vekcCISgDfvHk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "The Channel Tunnel Safety Authority is responsible for some aspects of safety regulation in the tunnel; it reports to the Intergovernmental Commission (IGC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "Eurotunnel commissioned the UK Fire Research Station – now part of the Building Research Establishment – to give reports of vehicle fires, and liaised with Kent Fire Brigade to gather vehicle fire statistics over one year."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Earlier proposals",
"text": "30% of the funding came from the Channel Tunnel Co Ltd, the largest shareholder of which was the British Transport Commission, as successor to the South Eastern Railway."
},
{
"section_header": "Operation | No-deal Brexit plan",
"text": "Trains will be permitted to use the Channel Tunnel for three months if the UK leaves the EU without a deal, under a proposed European Commission law."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "The three tunnels contain 6,000 tonnes (6,600 tons) of air that needs to be conditioned for comfort and safety."
},
{
"section_header": "Regional impact",
"text": "A 1996 report from the European Commission predicted that Kent and Nord-Pas de Calais had to face increased traffic volumes due to general growth of cross-Channel traffic and traffic attracted by the tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins | Cost",
"text": "Eurotunnel absorbed CTG/F-M and signed a construction contract with TML, but the British and French governments controlled final engineering and safety decisions, now in the hands of the Channel Tunnel Safety Authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "The safety issue of a possible fire on a passenger-vehicle shuttle garnered much attention, with Eurotunnel noting that fire was the risk attracting the most attention in a 1994 safety case for three reasons: the opposition of ferry companies to passengers being allowed to remain with their cars; Home Office statistics indicating that car fires had doubled in ten years; and the long length of the tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Engineering | Rolling stock | International passenger",
"text": "Thirty-one Eurostar trains, based on the French TGV, built to UK loading gauge with many modifications for safety within the tunnel, were commissioned, with ownership split between British Rail, French national railways (SNCF) and Belgian national railways (SNCB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Illegal immigration",
"text": "France is part of the Schengen Agreement, which has largely abolished border checks between member nations, but the United Kingdom is not."
}
] |
The Channel Tunnel safety is in part regulated by the Intergovernmental Commission.
| 4 | 9 |
Channel Tunnel
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lawrence dropped out of school at age 14 without receiving a GED or a diploma."
}
] |
C0fzZncApgt1S7X7M7Zm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While her mother encouraged her to go into modelling, Lawrence insisted on pursuing acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Karen was not keen on allowing her daughter to pursue an acting career, but she briefly moved her family to New York to let her read for roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Off-screen work",
"text": "That year, she also launched the Jennifer Lawrence Foundation, which supports charities such as the Boys & Girls Clubs of America and the Special Olympics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "For the next few years, she continued to take parts in church plays and school musicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lawrence was educated at the Kammerer Middle School in Louisville."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (born August 15, 1990) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During her childhood, Lawrence performed in church plays and school musicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lawrence dropped out of school at age 14 without receiving a GED or a diploma."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and breakthrough",
"text": "Lawrence began her acting career with a minor role in the unsold, unaired TV pilot Company Town (2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–2010: Career beginnings and breakthrough",
"text": "Lawrence made her film debut in the 2008 drama film Garden Party, in which she played a troubled teenager named Tiff."
}
] |
Jennifer Lawrence left school in her late teenage years to pursue a career in acting.
| 3 | 4 |
Jennifer Lawrence
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "The song does not contain any criminal admissions despite its title and chorus, which repeats the lyric"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "\"I admit it, I did it\". In \"I Admit\", Kelly denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia, asserting that they are matters of opinion."
}
] |
C19PpS9T1UspTSUEJzOV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1996: Born Into the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly",
"text": "On November 14, 1995, Kelly's success continued with the release of R. Kelly, his eponymous second studio album."
},
{
"section_header": "Rockland Records",
"text": "In addition to producing and writing the project, Kelly made vocal contribution to the hit duet \"Be Careful,\" which contributed largely to the album's success."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Basketball, R. and TP-2.COM",
"text": "In 2000, Sparkle went platinum due in part to the success of the first single,\"Be Careful\", a duet with R. Kelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage",
"text": "In January 2009, it was reported that Kelly's divorce was finalized."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Illegal marriage",
"text": "In 2019, a contemporaneous video surfaced showing R. Kelly stating that Aaliyah was aged 14 years less than a year before the marriage took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1996: Born Into the 90's, 12 Play and R. Kelly",
"text": "Dyson described Kelly's growth from the 12 Play album: \"Kelly reshapes his personal turmoil to artistic benefit\" and noted that Kelly is \"reborn before our very own ears."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"In addition to his solo and collaboration success"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Basketball, R. and TP-2.COM",
"text": "Unlike Kelly's previous effort, R., all songs on TP-2.com was written, arranged, and produced entirely by Kelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Surviving R. Kelly",
"text": "Facebook removed the page for violating their standards as it appeared to contain personal contact information for his accusers."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Allegations of music industry complicity",
"text": "Calder told the Post that he regretted not having done more at the time, saying \"Clearly, we missed something.\"Former"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "The song does not contain any criminal admissions despite its title and chorus, which repeats the lyric"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Musical response to allegations",
"text": "\"I admit it, I did it\". In \"I Admit\", Kelly denies allegations of domestic violence and pedophilia, asserting that they are matters of opinion."
}
] |
R. Kelly's wealth and success have made him less petty, as a person.
| 0 | 0 |
R. Kelly
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974, he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush."
}
] |
C2Ejchbs5WImeUCZqSD3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film career | Early roles to breakthrough: 1969–1976",
"text": "He had his second starring role in The Lords of Flatbush, in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974, he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Early roles to breakthrough: 1969–1976",
"text": "Stallone is hardly visible in his two appearances. Stallone happened to be acting in a play that a friend invited him to partake in, and an agent in attendance thought that Stallone fit the role of Stanley, a main character in The Lords of Flatbush, which had a start-stop schedule from 1972 to 1974 over budget issues."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "In 1998, he did voice-over work for the computer-animated film Antz, which was a big hit domestically."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "He felt in his mind that “Rocky” was primarily a feature film, and he didn't see it as being translated for cable, so there was a big bone of contention.\"Sylvester"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reprising the role during the 2010s brought Stallone praise, and his first Golden Globe award for the first Creed, as well as a third Oscar nomination, having been first nominated for the same role 40 years prior."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Early roles to breakthrough: 1969–1976",
"text": "Stallone had his first starring role in the softcore pornography feature film The Party at Kitty and Stud's (1970)."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Subsequent success: 1977–1999",
"text": "Stallone launched another major franchise, starring as Vietnam veteran John Rambo, a former Green Beret, in the action film First Blood (1982), which was both a critical and box office success."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Return to success: 2006–present",
"text": "Asked in February 2008 which of the icons (Rocky or Rambo) he would rather be remembered for, Stallone said \"it's a tough one, but Rocky is my first baby, so Rocky.\" He also stated that Rocky could be interpreted as the \"conscious\" and Rambo as the \"unconscious\" of the same character."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Works in development",
"text": "A film depicting the history of Jack \"Galveston Giant\" Johnson, the first African-American boxing heavyweight champion is in development."
}
] |
Stallone got his first big break in The Lords of Flatbush.
| 0 | 7 |
Sylvester Stallone
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Having long suffered from complications caused by his war wounds, Meade died on November 6, 1872 at the age of 56, still on active duty, following a battle with pneumonia."
}
] |
C2tJkjAd4rbnqEeBjdxi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He died in 1828 when Meade was not yet a teenager."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Andy Waskie Battlefield Detectives (2004 TV) – Mike Brown"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Notable descendants",
"text": "George Meade Easby, great-grandson."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Meade and Grant",
"text": "The resulting Battle of the Crater was one of the great fiascoes of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There are statues memorializing Meade throughout the United States, including statues at Gettysburg National Military Park, the George Gordon Meade Memorial statue by Charles Grafly, in Washington DC, and one atop the Smith Memorial Arch in Fairmount Park in Philadelphia by Daniel Chester French."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Having long suffered from complications caused by his war wounds, Meade died on November 6, 1872 at the age of 56, still on active duty, following a battle with pneumonia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Gordon Meade (December 31, 1815 – November 6, 1872) was a career"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "One-thousand-dollar Treasury notes, also called Coin notes, of the Series 1890 and 1891, feature portraits of Meade on the obverse."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In World War II, the United States liberty ship SS George G. Meade was named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War | Army of the Potomac and Gettysburg",
"text": "John F. Reynolds, one of four major generals who outranked Meade in the Army of the Potomac, had earlier turned down the president's suggestion that he take over."
}
] |
George Meade died on the battlefield.
| 0 | 0 |
George Meade
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Aaron hit his 755th and final home run on July 20, 1976, at Milwaukee County Stadium off Dick Drago of the California Angels, which stood as the MLB career home run record until it was broken in 2007 by Barry Bonds."
}
] |
C2wI89mmcQv9IKtkqbZZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "In the fourth inning, Aaron hit home run number 715 off"
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Home run milestones and 3,000th hit",
"text": "On July 13, Aaron hit a home run in the All-Star Game (played at Detroit's Tiger Stadium) for the first time."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Prime of his career",
"text": "It was the only time in his career that he hit three home runs in a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By the time Aaron retired, he and his brother held the record for most career home runs by a pair of siblings (768)."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "After Bonds hit his record-breaking 756th home run on August 7, 2007, Aaron made a surprise appearance on the JumboTron video screen at AT&T Park in San Francisco to congratulate Bonds on his accomplishment: I would like to offer my congratulations to Barry Bonds on becoming baseball's career home run leader."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Home run milestones and 3,000th hit",
"text": "At age 37, he hit a career-high 47 home runs during the season (along with a career-high .669 slugging percentage) and finished third in MVP voting for the sixth time."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Home run milestones and 3,000th hit",
"text": "Aaron finished the season with 673 career home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Home run milestones and 3,000th hit",
"text": "Aaron was, at the time, the second-youngest player to reach that plateau."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Home run milestones and 3,000th hit",
"text": "Aaron also knocked in the 2,000th run of his career and hit a home run in the first All-Star game played in Atlanta."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "It's gone! It's gone! It's 715! There's a new home run champion of all time, and it's Henry Aaron!"
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Aaron hit his 755th and final home run on July 20, 1976, at Milwaukee County Stadium off Dick Drago of the California Angels, which stood as the MLB career home run record until it was broken in 2007 by Barry Bonds."
}
] |
Hank Aaron is the all time leader in home runs.
| 0 | 0 |
Hank Aaron
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Bakers, who were of English descent, had been farmers in Trappe for six generations."
}
] |
C3olDrfFYTttreAwmi3S
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Orioles' manager Jack Dunn decided that Baker \"could not hit\", and Baker was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Managerial career",
"text": "After Baker sold Foxx to the Athletics, the Farmers fired Baker, because they believed Mack did not pay a high enough price for Foxx."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baker was a member of the Athletics' $100,000 infield."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Baker was born on March 13, 1886, to Franklin Adams Baker and Mary Catherine (née Fitzhugh) on their farm in Trappe, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Fred Snodgrass spiked Baker while sliding into third base in Game One, knocking the ball loose and requiring Baker to bandage his arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herzog found that Baker could not pitch well, but that he could hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "In the 1922 season, Baker played in 66 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Bakers, who were of English descent, had been farmers in Trappe for six generations."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Baker received only one at bat in the 1922 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Baker was a modest man who never drank, smoked, or swore."
}
] |
Frank Baker had roots from Ireland.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Baker
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown except for 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified."
}
] |
C43hFtNAF6zVUk5j7HrD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This eventually led to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease independent of age."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Genetic",
"text": "This form of the disease is known as early onset familial Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagnosis",
"text": "Alzheimer's disease is usually diagnosed based on the person's medical history, history from relatives, and behavioural observations."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Eventually, the term Alzheimer's disease was formally adopted in medical nomenclature to describe individuals of all ages with a characteristic common symptom pattern, disease course, and neuropathology."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "He included Alzheimer's disease, also named presenile dementia by Kraepelin, as a subtype of senile dementia in the eighth edition of his Textbook of Psychiatry, published on 15 July, 1910.For most of the 20th century, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease was reserved for individuals between the ages of 45 and 65 who developed symptoms of dementia."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "During the next five years, eleven similar cases were reported in the medical literature, some of them already using the term Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It was not until 1901 that German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer identified the first case of what became known as Alzheimer's disease, named after him, in a fifty-year-old woman he called Auguste D."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The term senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) was used for a time to describe the condition in those over 65, with classical Alzheimer's disease being used to describe those who were younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Osaka mutation",
"text": "A Japanese pedigree of familial Alzheimer's disease was found to be associated with a deletion mutation of codon 693 of APP."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagnosis | Techniques",
"text": "Interviews with family members are also utilised in the assessment of the disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes",
"text": "The cause for most Alzheimer's cases is still mostly unknown except for 1% to 5% of cases where genetic differences have been identified."
}
] |
The root for Alzheimer's disease is mainly because of people's family history.
| 0 | 2 |
Alzheimer's disease
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "According to this story, Archimedes was carrying mathematical instruments, and was killed because the soldier thought that they were valuable items."
}
] |
C4X9K1LteHPkdOflf54i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Plutarch also gives a lesser-known account of the death of Archimedes which suggests that he may have been killed while attempting to surrender to a Roman soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "According to this story, Archimedes was carrying mathematical instruments, and was killed because the soldier thought that they were valuable items."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The soldier was enraged by this, and killed Archimedes with his sword."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "According to the popular account given by Plutarch, Archimedes was contemplating a mathematical diagram when the city was captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Archimedes died during the Siege of Syracuse, where he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Apocryphal works",
"text": "The scholars T.L. Heath and Marshall Clagett argued that it cannot have been written by Archimedes in its current form, since it quotes Archimedes, suggesting modification by another author."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "This quote is often given in Latin as \"Noli turbare circulos meos,\" but there is no reliable evidence that Archimedes uttered these words and they do not appear in the account given by Plutarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Surviving works | (O)stomachion",
"text": "The origin of the puzzle's name is unclear, and it has been suggested that it is taken from the Ancient Greek word for 'throat' or 'gullet', stomachos (στόμαχος)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The account of the siege of Syracuse given by Polybius in his The Histories was written around seventy years after Archimedes' death, and was used subsequently as a source by Plutarch and Livy."
},
{
"section_header": "Discoveries and inventions | Heat ray",
"text": "It has been suggested that a large array of highly polished bronze or copper shields acting as mirrors could have been employed to focus sunlight onto a ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity."
}
] |
Some accounts suggest that Archimedes was killed for his instruments.
| 2 | 4 |
Archimedes
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Incarceration",
"text": "Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary."
},
{
"section_header": "Labor activism",
"text": "He was elected president of the ARU upon its founding, with fellow railway labor organizer George W. Howard as first vice president."
}
] |
C4axsNafVW5RPcQPKoCo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Purportedly to keep the mail running, President Grover Cleveland used the United States Army to break the strike."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Incarceration",
"text": "Debs ran for president in the 1920 election while in prison in Atlanta, Georgia, at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary."
},
{
"section_header": "Labor activism",
"text": "He was elected president of the ARU upon its founding, with fellow railway labor organizer George W. Howard as first vice president."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "Along with Elliott, who ran for Congress in 1900, Debs was the first federal office candidate for the fledgling socialist party, running unsuccessfully for president the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "Though he won no state's electoral votes, in Florida, he came in second behind Wilson and ahead of President William Howard Taft and former President Teddy Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Leadership style",
"text": "You must use your heads as well as your hands, and get yourself out of your present condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "Following the 1900 Election, the Social Democratic Party and dissidents who had split from the Socialist Labor Party in 1899 unified forces at a Socialist Unity Convention held in Indianapolis in mid-1901—a meeting which established the Socialist Party of America Following the 1900 Election, the Social Democratic Party and dissidents who had split from the Socialist Labor Party in 1899 unified forces at a Socialist Unity Convention held in Indianapolis in mid-1901—a meeting which established the Socialist Party of America (SPA).Debs was the Socialist Party of America candidate for president in 1904, 1908, 1912 and 1920 (the final time from prison)."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Selected Works of Eugene V. Debs."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Presidential elections",
"text": "The size of the vote is nevertheless remarkable since Debs was at the time a federal prisoner in jail for sedition, though he promised to pardon himself if elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialist leader | Socialists split with the Industrial Workers of the World",
"text": "The final straw between Haywood and the Socialist Party came during the Lawrence Textile Strike, when disgusted with the decision of the elected officials in Lawrence, Massachusetts to send police, who subsequently used their clubs on children, Haywood publicly declared that \"I will not vote again\" until such a circumstance was rectified."
}
] |
Eugene Debs was a socialist that was elected as a US President.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugene V. Debs
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He was sometimes known as \"Gentle Jeems\" because of his kind disposition."
}
] |
C4oqyOEvOQdWUYljgx3F
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "The nickname \"Pud\" originated because Galvin was said to make hitters \"look like pudding."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Francis \"Pud\" Galvin (December 25, 1856 – March 7, 1902) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher in the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin was traded to the Pittsburgh Alleghenys midseason in 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "On June 14, 1892, Galvin was traded to the St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin grew up in Kerry Patch, an Irish neighborhood in St. Louis."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In honor of his achievements in Buffalo, Galvin was inducted into the Buffalo Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.A 2006 NPR article referred to Galvin as \"the first baseball player to be widely known for using a performance-enhancing substance."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "\" Galvin was also nicknamed \"The Little Steam Engine\", a tribute to his power in spite of his small size."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "Galvin holds the record for most games started in a single season by a pitcher before 1893, 75 (tied with Will White)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Galvin died poor at age 45 on March 7, 1902, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and, as a Roman Catholic, is buried in Calvary Catholic Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" The Washington Post reported that Galvin used the Brown-Séquard elixir, which contained monkey testosterone, before a single game in 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He was sometimes known as \"Gentle Jeems\" because of his kind disposition."
}
] |
Pud Galvin was know for his aggressive demeanor.
| 1 | 2 |
Pud Galvin
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vedas (; Sanskrit: वेदः vedaḥ, \"knowledge\") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Chronology",
"text": "The Vedas are among the oldest sacred texts."
}
] |
C55L5j1h9k4gjSHhyenS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-Vedic literature | Parisista",
"text": "The Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Pariśiṣṭa is a very late text associated with the Rigveda canon."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and usage",
"text": "Vedas are called Maṛai or Vaymoli in parts of South India."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vedas (; Sanskrit: वेदः vedaḥ, \"knowledge\") are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Vedic Sanskrit corpus",
"text": "The term \"Vedic texts\" is used in two distinct meanings: Texts composed in Vedic Sanskrit during the Vedic period (Iron Age India) Any text considered as \"connected to the Vedas\" or a \"corollary of the Vedas\"The corpus of Vedic Sanskrit texts includes: The Samhitas (Sanskrit saṃhitā, \"collection\"), are collections of metric texts (\"mantras\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and usage",
"text": "In some parts of south India (e.g. the Iyengar communities), the word veda is used in the Tamil writings of the Alvar saints."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Transmission",
"text": "Houben and Rath note that a strong \"memory culture\" existed in ancient India when texts were transmitted orally, before the advent of writing in the early first millennium CE."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-Vedic literature | Puranas",
"text": "The Puranic literature wove with the Bhakti movement in India, and both Dvaita and Advaita scholars have commented on the underlying Vedanta themes in the Maha Puranas."
},
{
"section_header": "Vedic texts | Authorship",
"text": "The oldest part of the Rig Veda Samhita was orally composed in north-western India (Punjab) between c. 1500 and 1200 BC, while book 10 of the Rig Veda, and the other Samhitas were composed between 1200-900 BCE more eastward, between the Yamuna and the Ganges, the heartland of Aryavarta and the Kuru Kingdom (c. 1200 – c. 900 BCE)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Chronology",
"text": "The Vedic period reaches its peak only after the composition of the mantra texts, with the establishment of the various shakhas all over Northern India which annotated the mantra samhitas with Brahmana discussions of their meaning, and reaches its end in the age of Buddha and Panini and the rise of the Mahajanapadas (archaeologically, Northern Black Polished Ware)."
},
{
"section_header": "Four Vedas | Embedded Vedic texts | Brahmanas",
"text": "BCE).The substance of the Brahmana text varies with each Veda."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronology, transmission and interpretation | Chronology",
"text": "The Vedas are among the oldest sacred texts."
}
] |
Vedas are very old texts from India.
| 1 | 3 |
Vedas
|
Science
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Depending on the species, a nematode may be beneficial or detrimental to plant health."
}
] |
C5I5UnpQXgVl0NBWpcbT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Depending on the species, a nematode may be beneficial or detrimental to plant health."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Greek: Νηματώδη; Latin: Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes being known as eelworms."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Rotations of plants with nematode-resistant species or varieties is one means of managing parasitic nematode infestations."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "From agricultural and horticulture perspectives, the two categories of nematodes are the predatory ones, which kill garden pests such as cutworms and corn earworm moths, and the pest nematodes, such as the root-knot nematode, which attack plants, and those that act as vectors spreading plant viruses between crop plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "One form of nematode is entirely dependent upon fig wasps, which are the sole source of fig fertilization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The many parasitic forms include pathogens in most plants and animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "In some species, the stylet is hollow and can be used to suck liquids from plants or animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Plant-parasitic nematodes are often known as eelworms and attack leaves and buds."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Some nematode species transmit plant viruses through their feeding activity on roots."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Plant-parasitic nematodes include several groups causing severe crop losses."
}
] |
Nematodas can be good or bad to plants depending on the plant.
| 7 | 8 |
Nematoda
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic)."
}
] |
C5LopV3zDR0foBQIOZ2I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military and political results",
"text": "The Russian army was allowed to withdraw to home territory and the French ensconced themselves in Southern Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty confirmed the Austrian loss of lands in Italy and Bavaria to France, and in Germany to Napoleon's German allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11"
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The song takes the perspective of a soldier, who \"lost an eye at Austerlitz\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battlefield",
"text": "The battle took place about ten kilometres (six miles) southeast of the town of Brno, between that town and Austerlitz (Czech: Slavkov u Brna) in what is now the Czech Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "Some historians suggest that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a \"personal Napoleonic one\" after the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "A French army at the end of her supply lines, in a place which had no food supplies, might have faced a very different ending from the one they achieved at the real battle of Austerlitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "In French history, Austerlitz is acknowledged as an impressive military victory, and in the 19th century, when fascination with the First Empire was at its height, the battle was revered by the likes of Victor Hugo, who \"in the depth of [his] thoughts\" was hearing the \"noise of the heavy cannon rolling towards Austerlitz.\" In the 2005 bicentennial, however, controversy erupted when neither French President Jacques Chirac nor Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin attended any functions commemorating the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Austerlitz brought the War of the Third Coalition to a rapid end, with the Treaty of Pressburg signed by the Austrians later in the month."
}
] |
The Battle of Austerlitz happened in Germany.
| 2 | 3 |
Battle of Austerlitz
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Beam-beam or beam-target fusion",
"text": "Hundreds of neutron generators are produced annually for use in the petroleum industry where they are used in measurement equipment for locating and mapping oil reserves."
}
] |
C5uNO61lNHFfmodeAkgB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Beam-beam or beam-target fusion",
"text": "These small devices are miniature particle accelerators filled with deuterium and tritium gas in an arrangement that allows ions of those nuclei to be accelerated against hydride targets, also containing deuterium and tritium, where fusion takes place, releasing a flux of neutrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Beam-beam or beam-target fusion",
"text": "To overcome the problem of bremsstrahlung radiation in Beam-target fusion, a combinatorial approach has been suggested by Tri-Alpha and Helion energy companies, this method is based on interpenetration of two oppositely directed plasmoids."
},
{
"section_header": "Important reactions | Neutronicity, confinement requirement, and power density",
"text": "This is an important indicator of the magnitude of the problems associated with neutrons like radiation damage, biological shielding, remote handling, and safety."
},
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Beam-beam or beam-target fusion",
"text": "Hundreds of neutron generators are produced annually for use in the petroleum industry where they are used in measurement equipment for locating and mapping oil reserves."
},
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Beam-beam or beam-target fusion",
"text": "Devices referred to as sealed-tube neutron generators are particularly relevant to this discussion."
},
{
"section_header": "Important reactions | Criteria and candidates for terrestrial reactions",
"text": "Any given fusion device has a maximum plasma pressure it can sustain, and an economical device would always operate near this maximum."
},
{
"section_header": "Important reactions | Criteria and candidates for terrestrial reactions",
"text": "Detailed analysis shows that this idea would not work well, but it is a good example of a case where the usual assumption of a Maxwellian plasma is not appropriate."
},
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Inertial electrostatic confinement",
"text": "Other IEC devices include: the Polywell, MIX POPS and Marble concepts."
},
{
"section_header": "Artificial fusion | Inertial electrostatic confinement",
"text": "Starting in 1999, a number of amateurs have been able to do amateur fusion using these homemade devices."
},
{
"section_header": "Important reactions | Neutronicity, confinement requirement, and power density",
"text": "The last column is the neutronicity of the reaction, the fraction of the fusion energy released as neutrons."
}
] |
Neutron radiation devices are employed by oil and gas companies for materials analysis.
| 0 | 0 |
Nuclear fusion
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gates retired to his Virginia estate after the war, but eventually decided to free his slaves and move to New York."
}
] |
C64mcqxB1IPcnNWiRUG3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "He retired in 1784 and again returned to his estate, Traveller's Rest, in Virginia (near present-day Kearneysville, Jefferson County, West Virginia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gates retired to his Virginia estate after the war, but eventually decided to free his slaves and move to New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "Gates served as vice president of the Society of the Cincinnati, the organization of former Continental Army officers, and president of its Virginia chapter, and worked to rebuild his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "Much of this work eventually fell to Benedict Arnold, who had been with the army during its retreat and was also an experienced seaman."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "He died in his Rose Hill home on April 10, 1806, and was buried in the Trinity Church graveyard on Wall Street, though the exact location of his grave is unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and death",
"text": "The couple thereupon moved to an estate at Rose Hill in present-day midtown Manhattan, where the local authorities received him warmly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frustrated by his inability to advance in the army, Gates sold his commission and established a small plantation in Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "In 1772 he reestablished contact with George Washington, and purchased a modest plantation in Virginia the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War | Camden",
"text": "Nathanael Greene replaced Gates as commander on December 3, and Gates returned home to Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War | Conway Cabal",
"text": "Washington learned of the campaign against him by Gates's adjutant, James Wilkinson."
}
] |
Gates' estate was located in Virginia and that is where he went after he stopped working but then chose to relocate to NY.
| 1 | 3 |
Horatio Gates
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "His date of birth is unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day."
}
] |
C65VH11BdEZM5ooKYO18
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "He was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, where he was baptised on 26 April 1564."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, at the age of 52."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Sexuality",
"text": "Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "\"Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "His date of birth is unknown, but is traditionally observed on 23 April, Saint George's Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later years and death",
"text": "Of the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his relatively sudden death: \"We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning farmer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain \"William Shakeshafte\" in his will."
}
] |
William Shakespeare was born on the twenty-sixth of April.
| 3 | 5 |
William Shakespeare
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The notion that Roman forces then sowed the city with salt is a 19th-century invention."
}
] |
C65WhsoFO5nv4f9UO1FX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interbellum, 243–218 BC | Mercenary War",
"text": "Weakened by 30 years of war, Carthage agreed rather than again enter into conflict with Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "The main source for almost every aspect of the Punic Wars is the historian Polybius (c. 200 – c. 118 BC), a Greek sent to Rome in 167 BC as a hostage."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Punic War, 149–146 BC | Siege of Carthage",
"text": "The notion that Roman forces then sowed the city with salt is a 19th-century invention."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "Other sources include coins, inscriptions, archaeological evidence and empirical evidence from reconstructions such as the trireme Olympias."
},
{
"section_header": "Primary sources",
"text": "The accuracy of Polybius's account has been much debated over the past 150 years, but the modern consensus is to accept it largely at face value, and the details of the war in modern sources are largely based on interpretations of Polybius's account."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This conflict was fought entirely on Carthage's territories in what is now Tunisia and largely centred around the Siege of Carthage."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Italy | Roman allies defect, 216–205 BC",
"text": "Livy gives a fuller record, but according to Goldsworthy \"his reliability is often suspect\", especially with regard to his descriptions of battles; nevertheless he is the best surviving source for this part of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC",
"text": "BC Rome declared war on Carthage."
},
{
"section_header": "Interbellum, 201–149 BC",
"text": "The campaign ended in disaster and the army surrendered."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Africa | Scipio's invasion of Africa, 204–201",
"text": "Rome and Carthage entered into peace negotiations, and Carthage recalled Hannibal from Italy."
}
] |
According to truthful sources, Rome covered Carthage with salt at the end of the conflict.
| 0 | 0 |
Punic Wars
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timur was the grandfather of the Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent."
}
] |
C65k2nUHJip45Jt5VFZC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "Timur was a practicing Sunni Muslim, possibly belonging to the Naqshbandi school, which was influential in Transoxiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "His chief official religious counsellor and adviser was the Hanafi scholar '"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Timur's legacy is a mixed one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As an undefeated commander, he is widely regarded as one of the greatest military leaders and tacticians in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legitimization of Timur's rule",
"text": "Otherwise he was described as a spiritual descendant of Ali, thus taken lineage of both to Genghis Khan and the Quraysh."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "Timur was also noted for attacking the Shia with Sunni apologism, while at other times he attacked Sunnis on religious ground as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaign against the Tughlaq dynasty | Capture of Delhi (1398)",
"text": "The capture of the Delhi Sultanate was one of Timur's greatest victories, as at that time, Delhi was one of the richest cities in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Military leader",
"text": "About 1360, Timur gained prominence as a military leader whose troops were mostly Turkic tribesmen of the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Invasion of Anatolia",
"text": "This is the excerpt from one of Timur's letters addressed to Ottoman sultan: \"Believe me, you are but"
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "Abdu 'l-Jabbar Khwarazmi. In Tirmidh, he had come under the influence of his spiritual mentor Sayyid Baraka, a leader from Balkh who is buried alongside Timur in Gur-e-Amir."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Timur was the grandfather of the Timurid sultan, astronomer and mathematician Ulugh Beg, who ruled Central Asia from 1411 to 1449, and the great-great-great-grandfather of Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire, which then ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent."
}
] |
Timur's lineage would go on to include influential religious leaders, writers, and actors.
| 1 | 5 |
Timur
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McKechnie was born on August 7, 1886 to Archibald and Mary McKechnie, two Scottish immigrants who had settled in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania shortly before Bill was born."
}
] |
C77hipNAznmAUE8pybWq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bill McKechnie Jr.'s son Bill III was born April 20, 1940, and died of cancer in Florida on June 17, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McKechnie was born on August 7, 1886 to Archibald and Mary McKechnie, two Scottish immigrants who had settled in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania shortly before Bill was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "McKechnie's son Bill Jr. was the farm system director of the Cincinnati Redlegs in the mid-1950s and later served as president of the Florida State (1961–1962) and Pacific Coast Leagues, and he was also the father of former Syracuse radio station WNDR sportscaster Jim McKechnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "McKechnie was fired after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "Where do you think you are?\" \"Pittsburgh\", McKechnie said."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "McKechnie left the club after the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "McKechnie gave him the names of the nearby streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "McKechnie died at age 79 in Bradenton, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "McKechnie, who by inclination was a player's manager, initially appeared to support them."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Gabby Street managed for a game before McKechnie returned as manager."
}
] |
Bill McKechnie had ancestry from Ireland.
| 1 | 4 |
Bill McKechnie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Enrico Fermi (Italian: [enˈriːko ˈfermi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1."
}
] |
C7URiNGK0Lr3bwZcLmPX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Enrico Fermi was born in Rome, Italy, on 29 September 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "They had two children: Nella, born in January 1931, and Giulio, born in February 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Enrico Fermi (Italian: [enˈriːko ˈfermi]; 29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist and the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has been called the \"architect of the nuclear age\" and the \"architect of the atomic bomb\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and legacy | Legacy",
"text": "The historian of physics, C. P. Snow, wrote that \"if Fermi had been born a few years earlier, one could well imagine him discovering Rutherford's atomic nucleus, and then developing Bohr's theory of the hydrogen atom."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and legacy | Things named in Fermi's honor",
"text": "Three nuclear reactor installations have been named after him: the Fermi 1 and Fermi 2 nuclear power plants in Newport, Michigan, the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Power Plant at Trino Vercellese in Italy, and the RA-1 Enrico Fermi research reactor in Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "Fermi did not believe that atomic bombs would deter nations from starting wars, nor did he think that the time was ripe for world government."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "The panel agreed with the committee that atomic bombs would be used without warning against an industrial target."
},
{
"section_header": "Manhattan Project",
"text": "Like others at the Los Alamos Laboratory, Fermi found out about the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki from the public address system in the technical area."
},
{
"section_header": "Professor in Rome",
"text": "Fermi guessed that this was due to the hydrogen atoms in the paraffin."
}
] |
Enrico Fermi was the creator of the atomic bomb and was born in Rome Italy.
| 0 | 0 |
Enrico Fermi
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Hemingway had intended to write a nonfiction book about bullfighting, but then decided that the week's experiences had presented him with enough material for a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remains in print. The basis for the novel was Hemingway's trip to Spain in 1925."
}
] |
C7pWjI1Wq3wFcIH6PKiL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | The corrida, the fiesta, and nature",
"text": "Bill, visiting from the US, drinks in Paris and in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Paris and the Lost Generation",
"text": "Hemingway scholar Wagner-Martin writes that Hemingway wanted the book to be about morality, which he emphasized by changing the working title from Fiesta to The Sun"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "With his wife Hadley Richardson, Hemingway first visited the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona in 1923, where he was following his recent passion for bullfighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style",
"text": "The hero changed during the writing of The Sun"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Hemingway had intended to write a nonfiction book about bullfighting, but then decided that the week's experiences had presented him with enough material for a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style",
"text": "He made editorial remarks in the manuscript that show he wanted to break from the stricture of Gertrude Stein's advice to use \"clear restrained writing.\" In the earliest draft, the novel begins in Pamplona, but Hemingway moved the opening setting to Paris because he thought the Montparnasse life was necessary as a counterpoint to the later action in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Hemingway's family hated it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and adaptations",
"text": "Conrad Aiken thought the book was perfect for a film adaptation solely on the strength of dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | The corrida, the fiesta, and nature",
"text": "In The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway contrasts Paris with Pamplona, and the frenzy of the fiesta with the tranquillity of the Spanish countryside."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style",
"text": "Hemingway biographer Carlos Baker writes that \"word-of-mouth of the book\" helped sales."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remains in print. The basis for the novel was Hemingway's trip to Spain in 1925."
}
] |
Hemingway originally thought to write a book about Spanish bullfighting, but changed over to fiction after a visiting Spain with friends and family.
| 2 | 8 |
The Sun Also Rises
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Banknote and conservatory",
"text": "An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 2 January 1989 until the adoption of the euro on 1 January 2002."
}
] |
C7v9ZR9vdYayaeFw4P0X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara Josephine Schumann ([ˈklaːʀa ˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Banknote and conservatory",
"text": "The back of the banknote shows a grand piano she played and the exterior of Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium, where she taught."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Impact during her lifetime",
"text": "Although Schumann was not widely recognized as a composer for many years after her death, she made a lasting impression as a pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Banknote and conservatory",
"text": "An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 2 January 1989 until the adoption of the euro on 1 January 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"War of the Romantics\"",
"text": "In the early 1840s the Schumanns were interested in the works of Franz Liszt and his young composer friends of what eventually became known as the New German School, but in the second half of the decade they both became openly hostile toward Liszt because of their more musically conservative outlook and beliefs, Clara more so than Robert, as she had long been the more conservative aesthete in the Schumann marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "Robert Schumann was a little more than nine years older than Wieck."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "Brahms composed some private piano pieces for her to console her: four piano pieces and a set of variations on a theme by Robert Schumann that she had also written variations on a year earlier, as her"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life | Teaching",
"text": "In 1878, Schumann was appointed the first piano teacher of the new Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium in Frankfurt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She grew up in Leipzig, where her father, Friedrich Wieck, was a professional pianist and teacher, and her mother an accomplished singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film",
"text": "Two more recent German films are Frühlingssinfonie (Spring Symphony) (1983), starring Nastassja Kinski as Clara, and the 2008 Helma Sanders-Brahms' film Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), where she is portrayed by Martina Gedeck."
}
] |
German pianist, composer and piano teacher, Clara Schumann, was on a banknote for more than 10 years.
| 1 | 4 |
Clara Schumann
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Francisco Gomez, had been born in California to a Spanish father, Juan Gomez, and a Portuguese mother, Rita."
}
] |
C816519vKvT0KzoOHCeZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The New York Yankees purchased Gomez from the Seals for an estimated $39,000.A memorial plaque dedicated to Lefty Gomez at the Lefty Gomez Field in Rodeo along with a cement impression of his left hand dated 11/22/1932 can be seen at 470 Parker Ave, Rodeo, CA 94572."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vernon Louis \"Lefty\" Gomez (November 26, 1908 – February 17, 1989) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "The Committee noted that Lefty pitched in seven World Series games with no losses and five wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Among pitchers who made their MLB debuts from 1900 to 1950, only Lefty Grove, Christy Mathewson and Whitey Ford have both more victories and a higher winning percentage than Gomez."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gomez was born in Rodeo, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Francisco Gomez, had been born in California to a Spanish father, Juan Gomez, and a Portuguese mother, Rita."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" Gomez also often remarked, \"I'd rather be lucky than good."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "Gomez and O'Dea had two daughters and two sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gomez was a five-time World Series champion with the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gomez made his major league debut on April 29, 1930."
}
] |
Lefty Gomez had European ancestors.
| 0 | 3 |
Lefty Gomez
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A heavy drinker of alcohol, he died from liver complications in 1890, when Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout his life as a result of his father's death."
}
] |
C8Q0s8lBRrUd6MDXVsoS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 1911, Joss became ill and he died the same month due to tuberculous meningitis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A heavy drinker of alcohol, he died from liver complications in 1890, when Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout his life as a result of his father's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"I'll do anything they want for Addie Joss' family\", Johnson said."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"The memory of Addie Joss is sacred to everyone with whom he ever came in contact."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1910 season was his last, and Joss missed most of the year due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)",
"text": "To begin the 1907 season, Joss won his first 10 starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "Joss gave up two walks and recorded 10 assists."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents Jacob and Theresa (née Staudenmeyer) worked as farmers; his father, a cheesemaker who was involved in local politics, had emigrated from Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Addie Joss was born on April 12, 1880, in Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Journalism and engineering interests",
"text": "The Press introduced Joss in columns this way: \"Of all the baseball players in the land, Addie Joss is far and away the best qualified for this work."
}
] |
He had Swiss ancestry due to his father died when Addie Joss was 10.
| 1 | 3 |
Addie Joss
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa."
}
] |
C8WhSk5CJNaYdSMsWQ5Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mahābhārata (US: , UK: ; Sanskrit: महाभारतम्, Mahābhāratam, pronounced [mɐɦaːˈbʱaːɽɐtɐm]) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Historical references",
"text": "Several stories within the Mahābhārata took on separate identities of their own in Classical Sanskrit literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "He is born healthy and grows up to be one of the wisest characters in the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "The Mahabharata: Complete and Unabridged (set of 10 volumes) by Bibek Debroy, Penguin Books India."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "A 2013 animated adaptation holds the record for India's most expensive animated film."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "Between 1919 and 1966, scholars at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared the various manuscripts of the epic from India and abroad and produced the Critical Edition of the Mahabharata, on 13,000 pages in 19 volumes, followed by the Harivamsha in another two volumes and six index volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "The same year as Mahabharat was being shown on Doordarshan, that same company's other television show, Bharat Ek Khoj, also directed by Shyam Benegal, showed a 2-episode abbreviation of the Mahabharata, drawing from various interpretations of the work, be they sung, danced, or staged."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Indraprastha",
"text": "In popular adaptations, this insult is wrongly attributed to Draupadi, even though in the Sanskrit epic, it was the Pandavas (except Yudhishthira) who had insulted Duryodhana."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The end of the Pandavas",
"text": "One by one the brothers and Draupadi fall on their way."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The setting of the epic has a historical precedent in Iron Age (Vedic) India, where the Kuru kingdom was the center of political power during roughly 1200 to 800 BCE."
}
] |
The Mahabharata is one of the 2 classic epics of India that were recorded in Sanskrit.
| 1 | 6 |
Mahabharata
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor became the first president to be elected without having served in a prior political office."
}
] |
C9qAMpvsHCYBnnDgsmmK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "Richard Scott \"Dick\" Taylor (1826–1879), became a Confederate Army general; married Louise Marie Myrthe Bringier in 1851."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor previously was a career officer in the United States Army, rose to the rank of major general and became a national hero as a result of his victories in the Mexican–American War."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Mexican–American War",
"text": "Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna intercepted a letter from Scott regarding Taylor's smaller force, and he moved north, intent on destroying Taylor's force before confronting Scott's army."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1849–1850) | Transition and inauguration",
"text": "Senator Reverdy Johnson of Maryland accepted appointment as Attorney General, and Johnson became one of the most influential members of Taylor's cabinet."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1848",
"text": "In his capacity as a career officer, Taylor had never publicly revealed his political beliefs before 1848 nor voted before that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1849–1850) | Compromise attempts and final days",
"text": "Before joining the Taylor cabinet, Secretary of War Crawford had served as a lawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1848",
"text": "Well before the American victory at Buena Vista, political clubs were formed which supported Taylor for president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Taylor became the first president to be elected without having served in a prior political office."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Mexican–American War",
"text": "There were more senior generals in the army who might have taken this important command, such as Winfield Scott and Edmund P. Gaines."
},
{
"section_header": "Military career | Mexican–American War",
"text": "Though greatly outnumbered, he defeated the Mexican \"Army of the North\" commanded by General Mariano Arista, and forced the troops back across the Rio Grande."
}
] |
Taylor was a general in the Army before he became a President.
| 0 | 0 |
Zachary Taylor
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Christianity is the dominant faith, shared by over 90% of the population."
}
] |
C9rxPZxp0HTuVN04zgJ3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Islam is the second largest religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The Philippines is a secular state which protects freedom of religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The 2010 Philippine Census reported the religion of about 0.08% of the population as \"none\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The combined following of the Philippine Council of Evangelical Churches comes to 2.7% of the total population, making it the third largest religious group in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The next largest religious group is Iglesia ni Cristo, is a notable Unitarian and Restorationist denomination in the Philippines and is mostly concentrated in Central Luzon."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Around 0.1% of the population practice Philippine traditional religions, whose practices and folk beliefs are often syncretized with Christianity and Islam."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "It is also the largest company in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "Palladium, originally discovered in South America, was found to have the world's largest deposits in the Philippines too."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Philippines is the world's fifth-largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "An independent Catholic church, the Philippine Independent Church, has around 1 million adherents."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Christianity is the dominant faith, shared by over 90% of the population."
}
] |
The Philippines largest religion is Hinduism.
| 3 | 7 |
Philippines
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Differences from the novel",
"text": "We are not told the Tin Woodman's rather gruesome backstory in the film. (He started off a human being and kept lopping off bits of himself by accident.) Baum's Oz is divided into regions where people dress in the same color."
}
] |
C9wvGHk0hfyktlt0nJAX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming | Ebsen replaced by Haley",
"text": "The production faced the challenge of simulating the Tin Man's costume."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "But he doesn't get credit for that."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects, makeup and costumes",
"text": "The Tin Man's costume was made of leather-covered buckram, and the oil used to grease his joints was made from chocolate syrup."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and honors | American Film Institute lists",
"text": "The American Film Institute (AFI) has compiled various lists which include this film or elements thereof."
},
{
"section_header": "Differences from the novel",
"text": "Terry as Toto Mitchell Lewis as the Winkie Guard Captain (credited only in the IMAX version) Adriana Caselotti as the voice of Juliet in the Tin Man's song \" If I Only Had a Heart\" (uncredited) Among the many dramatic differences between the film and the novel, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, are the era (1900), the character of Dorothy Gale, who is 11 when she arrives in Oz and ages very little after that, and the magic slippers, which are silver."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming | Ebsen replaced by Haley",
"text": "No full footage of him as the Tin Man has ever been released – only photographs taken during filming and makeup test photos."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming | Richard Thorpe as director",
"text": "Thorpe initially shot about two weeks of footage, nine days in total, involving Dorothy's first encounter with the Scarecrow, as well as a number of sequences in the Wicked Witch's castle, such as Dorothy's rescue, which, though unreleased, includes the only footage of Buddy Ebsen's Tin Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "\" The film ends with Dorothy complies and she wakes up in her bedroom surrounded by her family and friends, including Toto."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music | Deleted songs",
"text": "The entire audio track still exists and is included on the two-CD Rhino Record deluxe edition of the film soundtrack."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music | Deleted songs",
"text": "The sound recording for the song, however, is intact and was included in the two-CD Rhino Records deluxe edition of the film soundtrack, as well as on the VHS and DVD editions of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Differences from the novel",
"text": "We are not told the Tin Woodman's rather gruesome backstory in the film. (He started off a human being and kept lopping off bits of himself by accident.) Baum's Oz is divided into regions where people dress in the same color."
}
] |
The film doesn't include the Tin Man's propensity for self--mutilation by amputation.
| 3 | 5 |
The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: ), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula (see below), is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years (770 kiloparsecs) from Earth and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way."
}
] |
CAQBrGoliy1N4nTUWQXs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Satellites",
"text": "Like the Milky Way, the Andromeda Galaxy has satellite galaxies, consisting of over 20 known dwarf galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "Nucleus",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy is known to harbor a dense and compact star cluster at its very center."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation history",
"text": "In 1885, a supernova (known as S Andromedae) was seen in Andromeda, the first and so far only one observed in that galaxy."
},
{
"section_header": "Satellites",
"text": "The best known and most readily observed satellite galaxies are M32 and M110."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Luminosity estimates",
"text": "According to recent studies, the Andromeda Galaxy lies in what in the galaxy color–magnitude diagram is known as the \"green valley,\" a region populated by galaxies like the Milky Way in transition from the \"blue cloud\" (galaxies actively forming new stars) to the \"red sequence\" (galaxies that lack star formation)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: ), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula (see below), is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 2.5 million light-years (770 kiloparsecs) from Earth and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way."
},
{
"section_header": "Globular clusters",
"text": "The most massive of these clusters, identified as Mayall II, nicknamed Globular One, has a greater luminosity than any other known globular cluster in the Local Group of galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "General | Distance estimate",
"text": "When the visual and absolute magnitudes are known, the distance to the star can be calculated."
},
{
"section_header": "PA-99-N2 event and possible exoplanet in galaxy",
"text": "PA-99-N2 was a microlensing event detected in the Andromeda Galaxy in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Globular clusters",
"text": "It contains several million stars, and is about twice as luminous as Omega Centauri, the brightest known globular cluster in the Milky Way."
}
] |
The Andromeda Galaxy is the farthest known galaxy.
| 0 | 0 |
Andromeda Galaxy
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "When and where Bryant wrote \"Thanatopsis\" is unclear, and Bryant himself could not remember when he wrote the verse."
}
] |
CAcmomamZRCAWiTDuq4x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Thanatopsis\" is a poem by the American poet William Cullen Bryant."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Cullen Bryant was born in 1794 in Cummington, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1810 Bryant was forced to leave Williams College for lack of money."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular culture",
"text": "Cindy Williams reads from Thanatopsis in Andy Kaufman's ABC TV Special aired in 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "According to Parke Godwin, Bryant's friend, Bryant wrote the poem when he was seventeen years old in mid-1811, just after he had left Williams College."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Cullen Bryant's early education came from his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In History of American Literature, two dates are stated for the authoring of \"Thanatopsis\", 1811 and 1816."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Bryant's inspiration for \"Thanatopsis\" came after reading William Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads, as well as Robert Blair's \"The Grave\", Beilby Porteus's \"Death\" and Kirke White's \"Time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The part written by the author begins with \"Yet a few days,\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "When and where Bryant wrote \"Thanatopsis\" is unclear, and Bryant himself could not remember when he wrote the verse."
}
] |
Nobody knows when William Cullent Bryant authored Thanatopsis, including William.
| 1 | 5 |
Thanatopsis
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Class",
"text": "Jones writes, \"[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson ... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\" In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was \"to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama."
}
] |
CAdv0IYAjCF4OjIg4v0q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Lee said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author \"should write about what he knows and write truthfully\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book \"an astonishing phenomenon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In his remarks, Bush stated, \"One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Literary critic Rosemary Goring in Scotland's The Herald notes the connections between Lee and Jane Austen, stating the book's central theme, that \"one's moral convictions are worth fighting for, even at the risk of being reviled\" is eloquently discussed."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Class",
"text": "Jones writes, \"[t]he real mad dog in Maycomb is the racism that denies the humanity of Tom Robinson ... When Atticus makes his summation to the jury, he literally bares himself to the jury's and the town's anger.\" In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was \"to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Lee's older brother Edwin was the inspiration for Jem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Genres",
"text": "Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and a Bildungsroman."
}
] |
The author of To Kill a Mockingbird was heavily inspired by Jane Austen.
| 5 | 10 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London."
}
] |
CAm0PsWZo2RkL175iB7o
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan. published in The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It is available on DVD as part of The Oscar Wilde Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "As he describes, understanding Wilde as a modernist through his writing of Lady Windermere's Fan can help us understand the disparity between mass culture and high society."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Films include: A 1916 British film Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "serious\". Scholar Paul Fortunato describes Oscar Wilde as a modernist, who used his modern aesthetics so as to direct him into the realm of mass culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act III",
"text": "One of them takes notice of a fan lying on a table (Lady Windermere's) and presumes that Lord Darlington presently has a woman visiting."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1935 German film Lady Windermere's Fan directed by Heinz Hilpert and starring Lil Dagover and Walter Rilla"
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "By the summer of 1891 Wilde had already written three plays: Vera; or,"
}
] |
Lady Windermere's Fan is a play by Oscar Wilde.
| 2 | 4 |
Lady Windermere's Fan
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexandria came to be regarded as the capital of knowledge and learning, in part because of the Great Library."
}
] |
CAxUNkY1m9DNt7FjPjxF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Under Ptolemaic patronage | Founding",
"text": "The earliest known surviving source of information on the founding of the Library of Alexandria is the pseudepigraphic Letter of Aristeas, which was composed between c. 180 and c. 145 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Under Ptolemaic patronage | Founding",
"text": "Nonetheless, the Letter of Aristeas is very late and it contains information that is now known to be inaccurate."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Roman Period and destruction",
"text": "The Caesareum and the Claudianum in Alexandria are both known to have had major libraries by the end of the first century AD."
},
{
"section_header": "Under Ptolemaic patronage | Early expansion and organization",
"text": "The Library particularly focused on acquiring manuscripts of the Homeric poems, which were the foundation of Greek education and revered above all other poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Burning by Julius Caesar",
"text": "Parts of some of Didymus's commentaries have been preserved in the forms of later extracts and these remains are modern scholars' most important sources of information about the critical works of the earlier scholars at the Library of Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Successors to the Mouseion | Later schools and libraries in Alexandria",
"text": "Nonetheless, Hypatia was not the last pagan in Alexandria, nor was she the last Neoplatonist philosopher."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern library: Bibliotheca Alexandrina",
"text": "In line with the mission of the Great Library of Alexandria, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina also houses the International School of Information Science (ISIS), a school for students preparing for highly specialized post-graduate degrees, whose goal is to train professional staff for libraries in Egypt and across the Middle East."
},
{
"section_header": "Successors to the Mouseion | Later schools and libraries in Alexandria",
"text": "Neoplatonism and paganism both survived in Alexandria and throughout the eastern Mediterranean for centuries after her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Under Ptolemaic patronage | Early scholarship",
"text": "Each entry included the author's name, father's name, place of birth, and other brief biographical information, sometimes including nicknames by which that author was known, followed by a complete list of all that author's known works."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Roman Period and destruction",
"text": "The scholars who worked and studied at the Library of Alexandria during the time of the Roman Empire were less well known than the ones who had studied there during the Ptolemaic Period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexandria came to be regarded as the capital of knowledge and learning, in part because of the Great Library."
}
] |
The Library of Alexandria made Alexandria known for information and educating.
| 0 | 0 |
Library of Alexandria
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Robinson (August 31, 1935 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional baseball outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for five teams, from 1956 to 1976."
}
] |
CB1Cst9vz7kViazAuXVM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "He was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Robinson (August 31, 1935 – February 7, 2019) was an American professional baseball outfielder and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played for five teams, from 1956 to 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "After Robinson had spent some years known in baseball as the Director of Discipline, he was chosen by Major League Baseball in 2002 to manage the Expos, which MLB owned at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Final years as a player (1972–1976)",
"text": "He retired from playing after the 1976 season, after batting .226 with 14 home runs in 235 at bats for Cleveland from 1974 through 1976.During a 21-year baseball career, he batted .294 with 586 home runs, 1,812 runs batted in, and 2,943 hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office and media career",
"text": "The Nationals offered to honor Robinson during a May 20 game against his former club the Baltimore Orioles"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Three teams have honored Robinson with statues: In 2003, the Reds dedicated a bronze statue of Robinson at Great American Ball Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "The Reds, Orioles, and Indians have retired his uniform number 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Manager | Managing career",
"text": "On April 20, 2006, with the Nationals' 10–4 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies, Robinson got his 1000th win, becoming the 53rd manager to reach that milestone."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also played American Legion Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Robinson, Frank (1968). My Life Is Baseball."
}
] |
Robinson played baseball for 20 years among a quintet of teams.
| 1 | 3 |
Frank Robinson
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters",
"text": "Bhagavad Gita comprises 18 chapters (section 23 to 40) in the Bhishma Parva of the epic Mahabharata."
}
] |
CBaT7ELJWmEXRhSimCRy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters",
"text": "Bhagavad Gita comprises 18 chapters (section 23 to 40) in the Bhishma Parva of the epic Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 18 (78 verses)",
"text": "In the final and long chapter, the Gita offers a final summary of its teachings in the previous chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 18 (78 verses)",
"text": "Some translators title the chapter as Moksha–Sanyasa yoga, Religion by Deliverance and Renunciation, Freedom and Renunciation, or The Yoga of Liberation and Renunciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 18 (78 verses)",
"text": "It covers many topics, states Easwaran."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 18 (78 verses)",
"text": "It begins with discussion of spiritual pursuits through sannyasa (renunciation, monastic life) and spiritual pursuits while living in the world as a householder."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 18 (78 verses)",
"text": "It re-emphasizes the karma-phala-tyaga teaching, or \"act while renouncing the fruits of your action\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 2 (72 verses)",
"text": "This chapter is an overview for the remaining sixteen chapters of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 13 (35 verses)",
"text": "The chapter opens with Krishna continuing his discourse from the previous chapter."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 14 (27 verses)",
"text": "The chapter once again opens with Krishna continuing his discourse from the previous chapter."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters",
"text": "Because of differences in recensions, the verses of the Gita may be numbered in the full text of the Mahabharata as chapters 6.25–42 or as chapters 6.23–40."
}
] |
It has 18 chapters.
| 1 | 6 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some critics consider Capote's work the original non-fiction novel, although other writers had already explored the genre, such as Rodolfo Walsh in Operación Masacre (1957)."
}
] |
CBazaExKQ4b0sNdkthFu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "In Cold Blood was first published in book form by Random House on January 17, 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "In Cold Blood was first published as a four-part serial in The New Yorker, beginning with the September 25, 1965, issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The first focuses on the details of the book, whereas the later two explore Capote's fascination with researching the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "Alvin Dewey was the lead investigator portrayed in In Cold Blood, and he said that the scene in which he visits the Clutters' graves was Capote's invention."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "In Cold Blood brought Capote much praise from the literary community."
},
{
"section_header": "Coverage and public discussion",
"text": "Inspired by that article, Truman Capote wrote, in 1965 serialized in The New Yorker, and in 1966 published as a \"non-fiction novel\", titled In Cold Blood, a true-crime book that detailed the murders and trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research",
"text": "An alternate explanation for Capote's interest holds that The New Yorker presented the Clutter story to him as one of two choices for a story; the other was to follow a Manhattan cleaning woman on her rounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "In Cold Blood indicates that Meier and Smith became close, yet she told Tompkins that she spent little time with Smith and did not talk much with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "Richard Rohlader took the photo showing that two culprits were involved, and West suggests that Rohlader was the one deserving the greatest praise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some critics consider Capote's work the original non-fiction novel, although other writers had already explored the genre, such as Rodolfo Walsh in Operación Masacre (1957)."
}
] |
Capote's, In Cold Blood, was one of the first non-fiction novels.
| 0 | 0 |
In Cold Blood
|
Science
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "The mouth has either three or six lips, which often bear a series of teeth on their inner edges."
}
] |
CBwAUxKwT1HYaq8oUwzQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "The mouth has either three or six lips, which often bear a series of teeth on their inner edges."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The oral cavity is lined with cuticle, which is often strengthened with structures, such as ridges, especially in carnivorous species, which may bear a number of teeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The mouth often includes a sharp stylet, which the animal can thrust into its prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "In stylet-bearing species, these may even be injected into the prey."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "The smallest nematodes are microscopic, while free-living species can reach as much as 5 cm (2 in), and some parasitic species are larger still, reaching over 1 m (3 ft) in length."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nematode species can be difficult to distinguish from one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "The species Trichinella spiralis, commonly known as the 'trichina worm', occurs in rats, pigs, bears, and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "Projections run from the inner surface of muscle cells towards the nerve cords; this is a unique arrangement in the animal kingdom, in which nerve cells normally extend fibers into the muscles rather than vice versa."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Both sexes possess one or two tubular gonads."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "One of them is Xiphinema index, vector of grapevine fanleaf virus, an important disease of grapes, another one is Xiphinema diversicaudatum, vector of arabis mosaic virus."
}
] |
The mouth has either 3 or 6 lips, which often bear a series of teeth on their inner edges.
| 1 | 9 |
Nematoda
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s."
}
] |
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Coveleski was rarely able to play baseball as a child due to his work schedule."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia Athletics and minor leagues",
"text": "Coveleski spent his time in Portland learning to throw the spitball; originally using chewing tobacco, he later used alum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stanley Anthony Coveleski (born Stanislaus Kowalewski, July 13, 1889 –"
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "On September 19, Coveleski pitched the only one-hitter of his career, a 2–0 road win over the New York Yankees; the only hit came from Fritz Maisel in the seventh inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "\"When it came to throwing a baseball, why it was easy to pitch\", Coveleski recalled."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "On May 30, Coveleski hit the only home run of his career in the first game of a road doubleheader against the St. Louis Browns; the three-run shot in the tenth inning gave Cleveland a 4–1 lead, but the Browns came back to win 5–4 in 15 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "When Coveleski was brought up to the majors, the original intention was to use him as a relief pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "As a current spitball pitcher, Coveleski was grandfathered in, and was allowed to continue using the pitch until his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Cleveland Indians",
"text": "His last game came on August 15, with over a month left in the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Stanislaus Anthony Kowalewski was born in Shamokin, Pennsylvania, one of eight children of Anthony (1845–1929) and Ann (Racicz) Kowalewski (1850–1919), who had immigrated from Russian Poland in the early 1870s."
}
] |
Coveleski was born in Eastern Europe and his family came to the U.S. when he was a small child.
| 1 | 3 |
Stan Coveleski
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wells was born in Austin, Texas."
}
] |
CCSoiuoaq1xRhITqiTJj
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Stella Lee Wells, Willie's daughter, created a scholarship fund honoring her father, called the Stella and Willie Wells Scholarship Fund."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Willie James Wells (August 10, 1906 – January 22, 1989), nicknamed \"The Devil,\" was an American baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wells was born in Austin, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "While with the Eagles, Wells was part of the \"Million Dollar Infield,\" consisting of Wells, Ray Dandridge, Dick Seay, and Mule Suttles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wells was a fast base-runner who hit for both power and average."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Wells returned to the U.S. and continued with the sport as manager of the Birmingham Black Barons."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Returning to the U.S. in 1945, Wells played for various Negro league teams through the 1950 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Wells was originally buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Austin, Texas, but was re-interred in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "After his baseball career, Wells was employed at a New York City deli before returning to his birthplace of Austin to look after his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro league career",
"text": "Wells was nicknamed El Diablo by Mexican fans for his extraordinary intensity and the English translation (\"The Devil\") followed him as a nickname in the United States."
}
] |
Willie Wells is from a small suburb of Dallas.
| 0 | 4 |
Willie Wells
|
NOCAT
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It premiered on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on October 25, 1939, closed on January 27, 1940, and re-opened at the Guild Theatre on January 29, 1940 to April 6, 1940 and September 23, 1940 to October 19, 1940, for 249 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play opened on Broadway in 1939."
}
] |
CCZowjbWy8fcMNvNKYZs
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Time of Your Life is a 1939 five-act play by American playwright William Saroyan."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The cast featured Julie Haydon (Kitty Duval), Celeste Holm (Mary L.), Charles De Sheim (Nick) and Gene Kelly (Harry).The Time of Your Life has been revived three times on Broadway: in 1940 with Dowling and Saroyan directing again, in 1969 directed by John Hirsch and in 1975 directed by Jack O'Brien."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play opened on Broadway in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "It premiered on Broadway at the Booth Theatre on October 25, 1939, closed on January 27, 1940, and re-opened at the Guild Theatre on January 29, 1940 to April 6, 1940 and September 23, 1940 to October 19, 1940, for 249 performances."
}
] |
The Time of Your Life 1959 movie was inspired by a Broadway act with the same name almost a decade earlier.
| 2 | 4 |
The Time of Your Life
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Justin's analysis",
"text": "The latter seems to have been anything but discreet in manifesting her gratitude to Pausanias, according to Justin's report: He writes that the same night of her return from exile, she placed a crown on the assassin's corpse, and later erected a tumulus over his grave and ordering annual sacrifices to the memory of Pausanias."
}
] |
CCj8Sy7qJzmJFNJTDBeJ
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "The court had gathered there for the celebration of the marriage between Alexander I of Epirus and Cleopatra of Macedon, who was Philip's daughter by his fourth wife Olympias."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "Olympias of Epirus, mother of Alexander the Great and Cleopatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "While the king was entering unprotected into the town's theatre (highlighting his approachability to the Greek diplomats present), he was killed by Pausanias of Orestis, one of his seven bodyguards."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Justin's analysis",
"text": "Other historians (e.g., Justin 9.7) suggested that Alexander and/or his mother Olympias were at least privy to the intrigue, if not themselves instigators."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Modern analysis",
"text": "On the other hand, the implication of Alexander and Olympias seems specious – to act as they did would have required brazen effrontery in the face of a military personally loyal to Philip."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "He was pursued by three of Philip's bodyguards, tripped on a vine, and died by their hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "The reasons for the assassination are difficult to expound fully: There was already controversy among ancient historians, and the only contemporary account in our possession is that of Aristotle, who states rather tersely that Philip was killed because Pausanias had been offended by the followers of Attalus, uncle of Philip's wife Cleopatra (renamed Eurydice upon marriage)."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Cleitarchus' analysis",
"text": "Rather than offend Attalus, Philip tried to mollify Pausanias by elevating him within his personal bodyguard."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Fictional portrayals",
"text": "Fredric March portrayed Philip II of Macedon in the film Alexander the Great (1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Justin's analysis",
"text": "The latter seems to have been anything but discreet in manifesting her gratitude to Pausanias, according to Justin's report: He writes that the same night of her return from exile, she placed a crown on the assassin's corpse, and later erected a tumulus over his grave and ordering annual sacrifices to the memory of Pausanias."
}
] |
Philip II's fourth wife and mother of Alexander the Great, Olympias, was the most disturbed by his assassination by one of his seven bodyguards.
| 2 | 6 |
Philip II of Macedon
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "Following Ali's death, he was the number-one trending topic on Twitter for over 12 hours and on Facebook for several days."
}
] |
CDSTwZgq0rHTNNU8S0nL
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SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "As a world champion boxer, social activist, and pop culture icon, Ali was the subject of numerous creative works including books, films, music, video games, TV shows, and other."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Ali was the subject of the British television program"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "The show's title itself was inspired by the quote \"Different strokes for different folks\" popularized in 1966 by Ali, who also inspired the title of the 1967 Syl Johnson song \"Different Strokes\", one of the most sampled songs in pop music history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Muhammad Ali was often dubbed the world's \"most famous\" person in the media."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "Following Ali's death, he was the number-one trending topic on Twitter for over 12 hours and on Facebook for several days."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "He also wrote several bestselling books about his career, including The Greatest: My Own Story and The Soul of a Butterfly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "In 2015, Harris Poll found that Ali was one of the three most recognizable athletes in the United States, along with Michael Jordan and Babe Ruth."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Several of his fights were watched by an estimated 1–2 billion viewers between 1974 and 1980, and his lighting of the torch at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics was watched by an estimated 3.5 billion viewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "His star is the only one to be mounted on a vertical surface, out of deference to his request that the name Muhammad—a name he shares with the Islamic prophet—not be walked upon."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Ali was featured in Superman vs. Muhammad Ali, a 1978 DC Comics comic book pitting the champ against the superhero."
}
] |
Ali was the number 1 most popular subject on several social media platforms after his passing.
| 1 | 3 |
Muhammad Ali
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1580–98, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life: 1527–44",
"text": "Philip, who had previously been made the Duke of Milan in 1540, began governing the most extensive empire in the world at the young age of sixteen."
}
] |
CDWF8O7pEWf6UsQKCU9Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also Duke of Milan, and from 1555, lord of the Seventeen Provinces of the Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life: 1527–44",
"text": "Philip, who had previously been made the Duke of Milan in 1540, began governing the most extensive empire in the world at the young age of sixteen."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, honours and styles",
"text": "Imperial and Habsburg patrimonial titles: Duke of Milan: 11 October 1540 (secret"
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "They were married at Salamanca on 12 November 1543."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "In the north, Milan was a Duchy of the Holy Roman Empire held by Philip."
},
{
"section_header": "Relations with England and Ireland | King of England and Ireland",
"text": "The couple's joint royal style after Philip ascended the Spanish throne in 1556 was: Philip and Mary, by the Grace of God King and Queen of England, Spain, France, Jerusalem, both the Sicilies and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tirol."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic policy",
"text": "On 20 November 1592 a ghostly Parliament session was called, pushed by Philip II, who had arrived in Pamplona at the head of an unspecified military force, and with one only point on his agenda—attendance to the session was kept blank on the minutes: unlawful appointments of trusted Castilian officials and an imposition of his son as future king of Navarre at the Santa Maria Cathedral."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, honours and styles",
"text": "Upon his inheritance of Spain in 1556, they became \"Philip and Mary, by the grace of God King and Queen of England, Spain, France, both the Sicilies, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, honours and styles",
"text": "Following the Act of Parliament sanctioning his marriage with Mary, the couple was styled \"Philip and Mary, by the grace of God King and Queen of England, France, Naples, Jerusalem, and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and Sicily, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Milan, Burgundy and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy | Italy",
"text": "The Council of Italy was set up by Philip in order to co-ordinate his rule over the states of Milan, Naples and Sicily."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1580–98, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558)."
}
] |
Philip II was appointed as the Duke of Milan in 1543.
| 1 | 5 |
Philip II of Spain
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates.\" Produced on a budget of $55 million, Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release, earning $24,450,602."
}
] |
CDiAaed8nwinZUcdVNo0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "The screenplay for the sequel was written by Eric Roth in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "Two directors were offered the opportunity to direct the film before Robert Zemeckis was selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates.\" Produced on a budget of $55 million, Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release, earning $24,450,602."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forrest Gump was released in the United States on July 6, 1994 and received favorable reviews for Zemeckis' directing, Sinise and Hanks' performances, the visual effects, the music and the screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "It is Robert Zemeckis' highest-grossing film to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbolism | Political interpretations",
"text": "She also notes that the film's screenwriter Eric Roth developed the screenplay from the novel and transferred to Jenny \"all of Gump's flaws and most of the excesses committed by Americans in the 1960s and 1970s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "After the September 11 attacks, Roth, Zemeckis, and Hanks decided the story was no longer \"relevant.\" In March 2007, however, it was reported Paramount producers took another look at the screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "According to Sill, this was due to Zemeckis' request, \"All the material in there is American."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "Motion picture business consultant and screenwriter Jeffrey Hilton suggested to producer Wendy Finerman to double the P&A (film marketing budget) based on his viewing of an early print of the film."
}
] |
Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Eric Roth produced on a budget of $5 million.
| 0 | 0 |
Forrest Gump
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women was an immediate commercial and critical success, with readers demanding to know more about the characters."
}
] |
CDih26xQo37HzkfpkmFu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Both the passion Little Women has engendered in diverse readers and its ability to survive its era and transcend its genre point to a text of unusual permeability."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" Little Women became \"the paradigmatic text for young women of the era and one in which family literary culture is prominently featured.\" Adult elements of women's fiction in Little Women included \"a change of heart necessary\" for the female protagonist to evolve in the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "This split of the two volumes also shows at Goodreads, which refers to the books as the Little Women series, including Little Women, Good Wives, Little Men and Jo's Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The film was released in 1933 and followed by an adaptation of Little Men the year after."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Josephine \"Jo\" March",
"text": "The principal character, Jo, 15 years old at the beginning of the book, is a strong and willful young woman, struggling to subdue her fiery temper and stubborn personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Some editions listed under Little Women appear to include both parts, especially in the audio book versions."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Amy Curtis March",
"text": "Ultimately, Amy is shown to work very hard to gain what she wants in life, and to make the most of her success while she has it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Directed by Mervyn LeRoy, it was released in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Josephine \"Jo\" March",
"text": "\" She is 25 years old when she accepts his proposal."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In the 1980s, two anime series were made in Japan, Little Women in 1981 and Tales of Little Women in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women was an immediate commercial and critical success, with readers demanding to know more about the characters."
}
] |
Little Women is a book that struggled to gain acceptance when it was released because of the era it came out in.
| 2 | 5 |
Little Women
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Motorcycle journey",
"text": "Years later, a declassified CIA 'biographical and personality report' dated 13 February 1958 made note of Guevara's wide range of academic interests and intellect, describing him as \"quite well read\" while adding that \"Che is fairly intellectual for a Latino.\" In 1948, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Che Guevara as \"an honest and committed revolutionary\", but also criticizes the fact that \"he never embraced socialism in its most democratic essence\"."
}
] |
CDofcRcGqSdqAM6cQ2eA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | La Cabaña, land reform, and literacy",
"text": "Fidel Castro immediately accused the CIA of \"an act of terrorism\" and held a state funeral the following day for the victims of the blast."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Che Guevara as \"an honest and committed revolutionary\", but also criticizes the fact that \"he never embraced socialism in its most democratic essence\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Bay of Pigs, and missile crisis",
"text": "Author Tad Szulc in his explanation of the Cuban victory, assigns Guevara partial credit, stating: \"The revolutionaries won because Che Guevara, as the head of the Instruction Department of the Revolutionary Armed Forces in charge of the militia training program, had done so well in preparing 200,000 men and women for war."
},
{
"section_header": "International diplomacy",
"text": "In December 1964, Che Guevara had emerged as a \"revolutionary statesman of world stature\" and thus traveled to New York City as head of the Cuban delegation to speak at the United Nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Invasion, warfare, and Santa Clara",
"text": "The following day on 2 January, Guevara entered Havana to take final control of the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-execution and memorial | Retrieval of remains",
"text": "In late 1995, the retired Bolivian General Mario Vargas revealed to Jon Lee Anderson, author of Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, that Guevara's corpse lay near a Vallegrande airstrip."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-execution and memorial",
"text": "Today, some of these belongings, including his flashlight, are on display at the CIA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ernesto \"Che\" Guevara (; Spanish: [ˈtʃe ɣeˈβaɾa]; 14 June 1928 – 9 October 1967) was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Motorcycle journey",
"text": "Years later, a declassified CIA 'biographical and personality report' dated 13 February 1958 made note of Guevara's wide range of academic interests and intellect, describing him as \"quite well read\" while adding that \"Che is fairly intellectual for a Latino.\" In 1948, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine."
}
] |
Che Guevara was a revolutionary who was followed by the CIA.
| 2 | 4 |
Che Guevara
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Barber was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, the son of Marguerite McLeod (née Beatty) and Samuel Le Roy Barber."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At the age of 12, he became an organist at a local church."
}
] |
CDtpGaq6mthIjDPK8oBK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At a very early age, Barber became profoundly interested in music, and it was apparent that he had great musical talent and ability."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Barber was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, the son of Marguerite McLeod (née Beatty) and Samuel Le Roy Barber."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Through his aunt, Barber was introduced to many great singers and songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Violin",
"text": "In late 2010, previously unpublished letters written by Fels, Barber, and Albert Meiff (Briselli's violin coach in that period), from the Samuel Simeon Fels Papers archived at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, became available to the public."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Samuel Barber: The Composer and His Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "He was born into a comfortable, educated, social, and distinguished American family."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Samuel Barber. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "2011. Samuel Barber, un nostalgique entre deux mondes."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At the age of 12, he became an organist at a local church."
},
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Heinsheimer, Hans W. (1968). \" The Composing Composer: Samuel Barber\"."
}
] |
Samuel Barber was born in Cleveland, Ohio and became a great trombone player.
| 0 | 1 |
Samuel Barber
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\", commonly known as \"Prufrock\", is the first professionally published poem by American-born British poet T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Epigraph",
"text": "In a 1950 letter, Eliot said, \"I did not have, at the time of writing the poem, and have not yet recovered, any recollection of having acquired this name in any way, but I think that it must be assumed that I did, and that the memory has been obliterated.\" The draft version of the poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148): He finally decided not to use this, but eventually used the quotation in the closing lines of his 1922 poem The Waste Land."
}
] |
CF4ZxF5NH0uWn4CbGNTX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Title",
"text": "I once wrote a poem called \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\": I am convinced that it would never have been called \"Love Song\" but for a title of Kipling's that stuck obstinately in my head: \"The Love Song of Har Dyal\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Use of allusion",
"text": "Like many of Eliot's poems, \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" makes numerous allusions to other works, which are often symbolic themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history | Writing and first publication",
"text": "Eliot wrote \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" between February 1910 and July or August 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\", commonly known as \"Prufrock\", is the first professionally published poem by American-born British poet T. S. Eliot (1888–1965)."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Themes and interpretation",
"text": "On the surface, \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" relays the thoughts of a sexually frustrated middle-aged man who wants to say something but is afraid to do so, and ultimately does not."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history | Writing and first publication",
"text": "In June 1917 The Egoist, a small publishing firm run by Dora Marsden, published a pamphlet entitled Prufrock and Other Observations (London), containing twelve poems by Eliot. \" The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\" was the first in the volume."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history | Writing and first publication",
"text": "In November 1915 \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\"—along with Eliot's poems \"Portrait of a Lady\", \"The Boston Evening Transcript\", \"Hysteria\", and \"Miss Helen Slingsby\"—was included in Catholic Anthology 1914–1915 edited by Ezra Pound and printed by Elkin Mathews in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Title",
"text": "Eliot called the poem a \"love song\" in reference to Rudyard Kipling's poem \"The Love Song of Har Dyal\", first published in Kipling's collection Plain Tales from the Hills (1888)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history | Writing and first publication",
"text": "Pound served as the overseas editor of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse and recommended to the magazine's founder, Harriet Monroe, that Poetry publish \"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\", extolling that Eliot and his work embodied a new and unique phenomenon among contemporary writers."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Title",
"text": "at the time of writing the poem was in the habit of rendering his name as \"T. Stearns Eliot\", very similar in form to that of J. Alfred Prufrock."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Epigraph",
"text": "In a 1950 letter, Eliot said, \"I did not have, at the time of writing the poem, and have not yet recovered, any recollection of having acquired this name in any way, but I think that it must be assumed that I did, and that the memory has been obliterated.\" The draft version of the poem's epigraph comes from Dante's Purgatorio (XXVI, 147–148): He finally decided not to use this, but eventually used the quotation in the closing lines of his 1922 poem The Waste Land."
}
] |
The poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is based on a real person.
| 0 | 0 |
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Joplin never did. Winters died at the age of 85 on January 14, 2006, of heart failure at the Rehabilitation Center of Beverly Hills; she had suffered a heart attack on October 14, 2005."
}
] |
CFA0jYS0SKuzhsTwPRPD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Winters, Shelley (1980). Shelley: Also known as Shirley."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Winters, Shelley (1989). Shelley II: The Middle of My Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final starring roles",
"text": "In 1980 Winters published a best-selling autobiography, Shelley: Also Known As Shirley"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A Patch of Blue",
"text": "Winters won another Best Supporting Actress Oscar in A Patch of Blue (1965)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Though Winters' daughter objected to the marriage, the actress Sally Kirkland performed the wedding ceremony for the two at Winters' deathbed."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun",
"text": "As the Associated Press reported, the general public was unaware of how serious a craftswoman Winters was. \" Although she was in demand as a character actress, Winters continued to study her craft."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Shelley Winters was born Shirley Schrift in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Rose (née Winter), a singer with the Muny, and Jonas Schrift, a designer of men's clothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final starring roles",
"text": "She followed it up in 1989 with a second memoir, Shelley II: The Middle of My Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun",
"text": "Her performance in A Place in the Sun (1951), a departure from the sexpot image that her studio, Universal Pictures, was grooming her for at the time, brought Winters her first acclaim, earning her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Joplin never did. Winters died at the age of 85 on January 14, 2006, of heart failure at the Rehabilitation Center of Beverly Hills; she had suffered a heart attack on October 14, 2005."
}
] |
Shelley Winters was an actress and passed away in a car accident.
| 0 | 0 |
Shelley Winters
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In the Prussian Army | General Staff",
"text": "He was promoted to captain in 1878 and assigned to the staff of the Second Army Corps."
}
] |
CFApv7ButsTaLRUGBbXP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In the Prussian Army | General Staff",
"text": "In 1873 he passed in the highly competitive entrance examination for admission to the Kriegsakademie in Berlin After three years of study, his grades were high enough for an appointment with the General Staff."
},
{
"section_header": "In the Prussian Army | General Staff",
"text": "For five years Hindenburg also taught tactics at the Kriegsakademie."
},
{
"section_header": "In the Prussian Army | General Staff",
"text": "He was promoted to captain in 1878 and assigned to the staff of the Second Army Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Ludwig Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Paul Ludwig Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "und von Hindenburg (listen), known simply as Paul von Hindenburg (German: [ˈpaʊl fɔn"
},
{
"section_header": "In the Prussian Army | General Staff",
"text": "He became a lieutenant-colonel in 1891, and two years later was promoted to colonel commanding an infantry regiment."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Analysis of Political Career & Cultural Impact",
"text": "After overseeing Germany's crushing victory at Tannenberg, Paul von Hindenburg became the center of a massive personality cult that persisted throughout his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Analysis of Political Career & Cultural Impact",
"text": "Although promoted first and foremost by German nationalists, especially in Weimar’s early years, some elements of the Hindenburg myth had considerable cross-party appeal."
},
{
"section_header": "Parliamentary governments",
"text": "The Reichstag's four-year term was coming to an end, so Hindenburg pressed it to promptly pass required legislation and then dissolved it on 31 March 1928."
}
] |
Paul von Hindenburg passed in the highly competitive entrance examination for admission to the Kriegsakademie in Berlin After three years of study after which he was promoted to captain in 1888.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul von Hindenburg
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Surface geology",
"text": "On Venus, about 85% of the craters are in pristine condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Surface geology",
"text": "Venusian craters range from 3 to 280 km (2 to 174 mi) in diameter."
}
] |
CFgeJecXywkXPPFMQ4hu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Magnetic field and core",
"text": "Atmospheric erosion by the solar wind probably led to the loss of most of Venus's water during the first billion years after it formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Studies | Early studies",
"text": "He correctly surmised this was due to scattering of sunlight in a dense atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere and climate",
"text": "This alone would make it difficult for a human to walk through, even without the heat, pressure, and lack of oxygen."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Surface geology",
"text": "On other cratered bodies, such as Earth and the Moon, craters show a range of states of degradation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It may have had water oceans in the past, but these would have vaporized as the temperature rose due to a runaway greenhouse effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Studies | Ground-based research",
"text": "He suggested this was due to a dense, yellow lower atmosphere with high cirrus clouds above it."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere and climate",
"text": "According to these measurements, the lightning rate is at least half of that on Earth, however other instruments have not detected lightning at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Although Mercury, the other inferior planet, reaches a maximum elongation of only 28° and is often difficult to discern in twilight, Venus is hard to miss when it is at its brightest."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Surface geology",
"text": "On the Moon, degradation is caused by subsequent impacts, whereas on Earth it is caused by wind and rain erosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Surface geology",
"text": "On Venus, about 85% of the craters are in pristine condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Surface geology",
"text": "Venusian craters range from 3 to 280 km (2 to 174 mi) in diameter."
}
] |
Venus's craters are difficult to measure due to erosion.
| 3 | 6 |
Venus
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Britain never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed \"regret\" in 2019."
}
] |
CFoARVpyFsX0sO1TK163
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919, when Acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire their rifles into a crowd of unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,000 other people."
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "Riotous crowds carried out arson attacks on British banks, killed several British people and assaulted two British females."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Britain never formally apologised for the massacre but expressed \"regret\" in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dyer subsequently retired from the army and returned to England, where he died, unrepentant about his actions, in 1927.Responses polarized both the British and Indian peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Demands for apology",
"text": "Visiting the memorial on 6 December 2017, London's mayor Sadiq Khan called on the British government to apologize for the massacre."
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "Many officers in the Indian army believed revolt was possible, and they prepared for the worst."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Defence of India Act",
"text": "Of these, a pan-Indian mutiny in the British Indian Army planned for February 1915 was the most prominent amongst a number of plots formulated between 1914 and 1917 by Indian nationalists in India, the United States and Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Before the massacre",
"text": "Colonel Dyer later explained to a British inspector: \"Some Indians crawl face downwards in front of their gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Monument and legacy | Demands for apology",
"text": "Although she did not issue an apology, British Prime Minister Theresa May called the 1919 shooting of unarmed civilians a \"shameful scar\", echoing the 2013 statement, made by David Cameron."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "Winston Churchill reported nearly 400 slaughtered, and 3 or 4 times the number wounded to the Westminster Parliament, on 8 July 1920.Since the official figures were obviously flawed regarding the size of the crowd (6,000–20,000), the number of rounds fired and the period of shooting, the Indian National Congress instituted a separate inquiry of its own, with conclusions that differed considerably from the British Government's inquiry."
}
] |
This massacre refers to an incident in which an arm of the British Indian Army fired into a crowd of Indian civilians killing almost 400 people. The British government never formally apologized for the massacre.
| 1 | 3 |
Jallianwala Bagh massacre
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Feller was decorated with six campaign ribbons and eight battle stars while serving on missions in both the Pacific and North Atlantic, and he was made an honorary member of the Green Berets later in life."
}
] |
CGF2r1y49hfmDqSmGSiT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "He also pitched in baseball games hosted by the military."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Although he had received a military exemption owing to his father's failing health, he wanted to serve in combat missions."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Teenage phenomenon (1936–1941)",
"text": "Many athletes are great. Bob Feller was seminal."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "They represent every city, town and village in the land, speak of him familiarly as 'Bob', and talk about him by the hour, with enthusiasm.\" The United States entered World War II with the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Bob was the face of the Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But, Bob transcended more than that era."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Bob Feller Museum opened in Van Meter, Iowa, on June 10, 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "\"Ted Williams said, \"Three days before he pitched I would start thinking about Robert Feller, Bob Feller."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Later years (1949–1956)",
"text": "We all agreed quickly on the figure after Bob showed up yesterday."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" In 2010, the \"Cleveland Indians Man of the Year Award\" was renamed the \"Bob Feller Man of the Year Award\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Military service (1941–1945)",
"text": "Feller was decorated with six campaign ribbons and eight battle stars while serving on missions in both the Pacific and North Atlantic, and he was made an honorary member of the Green Berets later in life."
}
] |
Bob Feller was a military veteran.
| 0 | 0 |
Bob Feller
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. \" The Gold-Bug\" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843."
}
] |
CGIU7PoXTt6QzwvRd2zf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Poe submitted \"The Gold-Bug\" as an entry to a writing contest sponsored by the Philadelphia Dollar Newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "One lecture in Philadelphia after \"The Gold-Bug\" was published drew such a large crowd that hundreds were turned away."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe originally sold \"The Gold-Bug\" to George Rex Graham for Graham's Magazine for $52 but asked for it back when he heard about a writing contest sponsored by Philadelphia's Dollar Newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He took advantage of the popularity of cryptography as he was writing \"The Gold-Bug\", and the success of the story centers on one such cryptogram."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. \" The Gold-Bug\" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Letters poured in upon the editor from all parts of the country.\" In July 1841, Poe published \"A Few Words on Secret Writing\" and, realizing the interest in the topic, wrote \"The Gold-Bug\" as one of the few pieces of literature to incorporate ciphers as part of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "It is one of the best stories that Poe ever wrote."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Anticipating a positive public response, the Dollar Newspaper took out a copyright on \"The Gold-Bug\" prior to publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Incidentally, Poe did not return the money to Graham and instead offered to make it up to him with reviews he would write."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "One character learns that the main characters are searching for treasure, and he asks them if they have been reading Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843."
}
] |
Poe received one hundred dollars for writing "The Gold Bug."
| 0 | 0 |
The Gold Bug
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Influences and collaborations | Recording work",
"text": "In 1970, Glass and Klaus Kertess (owner of the Bykert Gallery) formed a record label named Chatham Square Productions (named after the location of the studio of a Philip Glass Ensemble member Dick Landry)."
}
] |
CGebdqqYaWUezUn9KrxA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influences and collaborations | Recording work",
"text": "In 1970, Glass and Klaus Kertess (owner of the Bykert Gallery) formed a record label named Chatham Square Productions (named after the location of the studio of a Philip Glass Ensemble member Dick Landry)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and collaborations | Recording work",
"text": "In 2002, Glass and his producer Kurt Munkacsi and artist Don Christensen founded the Orange Mountain Music company, dedicated to \"establishing the recording legacy of Philip Glass\" and, to date, have released sixty albums of Glass's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Tape 2: Philip Glass. Produced and directed by Robert Ashley Philip Glass, from Four American Composers (1983); directed by Peter Greenaway"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Glass, Philip (1987). Music by Philip Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and collaborations | Recording work",
"text": "In 1993 Glass formed another record label, Point Music; in 1997, Point Music released Music for Airports, a live, instrumental version of Eno's composition of the same name, by Bang on a Can All-Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "A Composer's Notes: Philip Glass and the Making of an Opera (1985); directed by Michael Blackwood"
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Looking Glass (2005); directed by Éric Darmon Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007) ; directed by Scott Hicks"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glass founded the Philip Glass Ensemble, with which he still performs on keyboards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Philip Glass is no Vivaldi, a composer who even at his most wallpaper baroque still has something to say."
}
] |
Philip Glass co-owned a record albulm.
| 2 | 8 |
Philip Glass
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the induction, in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself."
}
] |
CGg5zbErouugkeeUaYti
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taming of the Shrew is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1590 and 1592."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play begins with a framing device, often referred to as the induction, in which a mischievous nobleman tricks a drunken tinker named Christopher Sly into believing he is actually a nobleman himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "Both versions were legitimately written by Shakespeare himself; i.e. A Shrew is an early draft of The Shrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "The musical tells the story of a husband and wife acting duo (Fred and Lilli) attempting to stage The Taming of the Shrew, but whose backstage fights keep getting in the way."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "Pope added most of the Sly framework to The Shrew, even though he acknowledged in his preface that he did not believe Shakespeare had written A Shrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "Called The Cobler of Preston's Opera, the piece was anonymously written, although William Dunkin is thought by some scholars as a likely candidate."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Sexism controversy",
"text": "She argues A Shrew is an earlier version of The Shrew, but acknowledges that most scholars reject the idea that A Shrew was written by Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "In his 1790 edition of The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare, however, Edmond Malone removed all A Shrew extracts and returned the text to the 1623 First Folio version."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nobleman then has the play performed for Sly's diversion."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 1953, NBC broadcast William Dawkins' production live from the Oregon Shakespeare Festival."
}
] |
The Taming of the Shrew was written by William Shakespeare and was about a nobleman getting tricked.
| 3 | 8 |
The Taming of the Shrew
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017."
}
] |
CH2pwJkDwPVfOVvPuSfM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Margaret Chan is married to David Chan, who is an ophthalmologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun, (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017 | Second term",
"text": "In 2016 at the request of the WHA, Chan launched the Health Emergencies Programme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is a Hong Kong name; Fung is the maiden name and Chan is the married name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director of Health in Hong Kong, 1994–2003",
"text": "Chan survived the transition from British to PRC-HKSAR rule in June 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017",
"text": "Chan served two terms of five years apiece as Director-General of the WHO."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Chan was born and raised in Hong Kong, although her ancestors came from Shunde, Guangdong."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career",
"text": "Chan joined the Government of British Hong Kong in December 1978 as a medical officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Chan completed the Program for Management Development (PMD 61) at Harvard Business School in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Director-General of WHO, 2006–2017 | Second term",
"text": "Chan was again heavily criticised because of the slow response of the WHO to the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa."
}
] |
Margaret Chan was director-general of the WHO.
| 0 | 0 |
Margaret Chan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Do I ice her? Which one of these?\") Each pulls a weapon simultaneously in the bedroom."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Irene ends up dead, and Charley ends up back in New York, missing her, but consoled by Maerose."
}
] |
CH8IUrQikdOZAqd88fnz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor was theatrically released on June 14, 1985 by 20th Century Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Anjelica Huston was paid the SAG-AFTRA scale rate of $14,000 for her role in Prizzi's Honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American black comedy crime film directed by John Huston from a screenplay written by Richard Condon and Janet Roach based on Condon's 1982 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the film, two highly skilled assassins are hired to kill each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "By this point they have fallen in love and eventually travel to Mexico to marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, while trying to find the best way to complete their missions, they end up falling in love."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Jack Nicholson's average-guyness as Charley, the clan's enforcer, is the film's touchstone: this is a baroque comedy about people who behave in ordinary ways in grotesque circumstances, and it has the juice of everyday family craziness in it.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three and half stars out of four and wrote:\"This is the most bizarre comedy in many a month, a movie so dark, so cynical and so funny that perhaps only Jack Nicholson and Kathleen Turner could have kept straight faces during the love scenes.\" On Rotten Tomatoes Prizzi's Honor holds an 86% rating based on thirty-six reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Charley flies to California to carry out a contract to kill a man named Marksie Heller for robbing a Nevada casino."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Do I ice her? Which one of these?\") Each pulls a weapon simultaneously in the bedroom."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Irene ends up dead, and Charley ends up back in New York, missing her, but consoled by Maerose."
}
] |
In Prizzi's Honor the male lead kills his love interest.
| 0 | 0 |
Prizzi's Honor
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. \" Lolita\" is his private nickname for Dolores."
}
] |
CHGrjLdEAaRtWGu2JNuo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lolita is a 1955 novel written by Russian-American novelist Vladimir Nabokov."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Vivian Darkbloom, an anagram of Vladimir Nabokov, is a character in Lolita."
},
{
"section_header": "Cited sources",
"text": "Vladimir Nabokov: The American Years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is notable for its controversial subject: the protagonist and unreliable narrator, a middle-aged literature professor under the pseudonym Humbert Humbert, is obsessed with a 12-year-old girl, Dolores Haze, with whom he becomes sexually involved after he becomes her stepfather. \" Lolita\" is his private nickname for Dolores."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and interpretation",
"text": "Christine Clegg notes that this is a recurring theme in criticism of the novel in the 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "The Great Soviet Encyclopedia called Lolita \"an experiment in combining an erotic novel with an instructive novel of manners\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "Lolita is characterized by irony and sarcasm; it is not an erotic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and interpretation",
"text": "\"A minority of critics have accepted Humbert's version of events at face value."
},
{
"section_header": "Erotic motifs and controversy",
"text": "Malcolm Bradbury writes \"at first famous as an erotic novel, Lolita soon won its way as a literary one—a late modernist distillation of the whole crucial mythology.\" Samuel Schuman says that Nabokov \"is a surrealist, linked to Gogol, Dostoyevsky, and Kafka."
},
{
"section_header": "Nabokov on Lolita | Afterword",
"text": "In response to an American critic who characterized Lolita as the record of Nabokov's \"love affair with the romantic novel\", Nabokov writes that \"the substitution of 'English language' for 'romantic novel' would make this elegant formula more correct\"."
}
] |
The novel Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov. is controversial because it involves themes of sex with a minor.
| 0 | 3 |
Lolita
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "In 1974, Mammoth officially changed its name to Van Halen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "In 1972, the Van Halen brothers formed a band called Genesis featuring Eddie as lead vocalist/guitarist, Alex on drums, and Mark Stone on bass."
}
] |
CHaUuWZRS5VxmnKIQp3Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "The band later changed its name to Mammoth when they discovered the name Genesis was already being used."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "In 1974, Mammoth officially changed its name to Van Halen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "Simmons wanted to change the band's name to \"Daddy Longlegs\", but the band stuck with Van Halen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "As they progressed and gained popularity, they started to play many backyard parties and changed the name of their band to The Trojan Rubber Co."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1978–1985: David Lee Roth era",
"text": "The album, however, was also a breaking point for the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1972–1977: Formation and early history",
"text": "In 1972, the Van Halen brothers formed a band called Genesis featuring Eddie as lead vocalist/guitarist, Alex on drums, and Mark Stone on bass."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2008: Second reunion with Roth",
"text": "The logo at the top of the page changed to the original Van Halen logo from their 1978 debut album."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the early 1980s, Van Halen was one of the most successful rock acts of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2003–2005: Reunion with Hagar",
"text": "In July 2004, Van Halen released a new 2-CD compilation featuring three new songs with Hagar: \"It's About Time\", \"Up for Breakfast\", and \"Learning to See\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of 2007, Van Halen was one of only five rock bands with two studio albums that sold more than 10 million copies in the United States and is also tied for the most multi-platinum albums by an American band."
}
] |
At one point, the Van Halen band changed it's name from Mammoth to Genesis.
| 0 | 0 |
Van Halen
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Finally, in need of funds, Richard turned to the only craft that could gain him the remuneration he desired in a short time: he began writing a play."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Instead, the Sheridans lived beyond their means as they entertained the gentry and nobility with Eliza's singing (in private parties) and Richard's wit."
}
] |
CHgui7F1IxFdqxNnLvDi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "This was proper for the wife of a \"gentleman\", but it was difficult because Eliza would have earned a substantial income as a performer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "Sheridan immediately withdrew the play and in the next 11 days, rewrote the original (the Larpent manuscript) extensively, including a new preface in which he allowed: For my own part, I see no reason why the author of a play should not regard a first night's audience as a candid and judicious friend attending, in behalf of the public, at his last rehearsal."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sir Anthony consoles Mrs. Malaprop, Julia is reconciled to Faulkland, and Acres invites everyone to a party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "At Sheridan's insistence, upon marriage his wife Eliza (born Elizabeth Linley) had given up her career as a singer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "In a short time, however, he completed The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Instead, the Sheridans lived beyond their means as they entertained the gentry and nobility with Eliza's singing (in private parties) and Richard's wit."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Maverick adaptation (1958)",
"text": "The episode was called \"The Rivals\" and the original playwright was given due credit."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rivals (New Mermaids 1979, Elizabeth Duthie, Ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Jack Absolute Flies Again (forthcoming play)",
"text": "The play has been updated to July 1940 to coincide with the 80th anniversary of the Battle of Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Finally, in need of funds, Richard turned to the only craft that could gain him the remuneration he desired in a short time: he began writing a play."
}
] |
The Rivals is a play from the latter half of the 1700's that the author wrote because he and his wife liked to party.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rivals
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the mid-1960s Tammany Hall ceased to exist."
}
] |
CHr0UVdnqmI5PmFFsilY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "Tammany Hall also served as a social integrator for immigrants by familiarizing them with American society and its political institutions and by helping them become naturalized citizens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1854, the support which Tammany Hall received from immigrants would firmly establish the organization as the leader of New York City's political scene."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1855, 34 percent of New York City's voter population was composed of Irish immigrants, and many Irish men came to dominate Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "With the potato famine in Ireland, by 1850, more than 130,000 immigrants from Ireland lived in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "Even though New York State voted for Clinton the following year, republicans could not help but see Clinton's actions as being exactly what Tammany had accused them of."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "With the election of Fernando Wood, the first person to be supported by the Tammany Hall machine, as mayor in 1854, Tammany Hall would proceed to dominate the New York City political arena until Fiorello La Guardia's mayoralty after the election of 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "At first, in the latter 1810s, immigrants were not allowed membership in Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By the 1820s, Tammany Hall was accepting Irish immigrants as members of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "In exchange for all these benefits, immigrants assured Tammany Hall they would vote for their candidates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the mid-1960s Tammany Hall ceased to exist."
}
] |
Tammany Hall ended around 1942 because New York no longer needed help with immigrants.
| 0 | 0 |
Tammany Hall
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carter has also spoken about his deceased stepfather, Reginald \"Rabbit\" McDonald, who he has said he considers his real father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carter has a tattoo dedicated to Rabbit, who was murdered before Carter became a star."
}
] |
CJ2mlkHqfdMvTTwevqfY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "For many years, Lil Wayne was the flagship artist of Cash Money Records, before ending his association with the company in June 2018.Lil Wayne's solo debut album"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carter has a tattoo dedicated to Rabbit, who was murdered before Carter became a star."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–07: Mixtapes and collaborations",
"text": "ranked a list of 77 of Lil Wayne's songs from 2007 and ranked his verse in DJ Khaled's"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2006–07: Mixtapes and collaborations",
"text": "Another article, built around Lil Wayne's 2007 mixtape work, cites his creative practice as an example of post-performance creative practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His mother and stepfather later disallowed him from continuing to record with Cash Money as his grades in school were falling and they worried that Birdman and his associates were bad influences, but he eventually persuaded them to let him return and he was again doing so by 1997; by this time he was recording as Lil Wayne."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Carter has also spoken about his deceased stepfather, Reginald \"Rabbit\" McDonald, who he has said he considers his real father."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–13: I Am Not a Human Being series and Tha Carter IV",
"text": "He later announced that it would be released in late 2009 before the holiday season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lil Wayne gained more prominence with his sixth album Tha Carter III (2008), which became his most successful album to date, with first-week sales of over one million copies in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2006: Tha Carter, Tha Carter II, and Like Father, Like Son",
"text": "In addition, the album's cover art featured the debut of Wayne's now-signature dreadlocks."
},
{
"section_header": "Feuds | Pusha T",
"text": "Pusha T called Wayne's diss track \"horrible\" and said he felt it did not deserve a response."
}
] |
Lil Wayne's stepfather died before he became famous.
| 0 | 0 |
Lil Wayne
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "There have been several film adaptations of The Brothers Karamazov, including: The Brothers Karamazov (1915 silent film, lost, directed by Victor Tourjansky) Die Brüder Karamasoff (1921, directed by Carl Froelich) Der Mörder Dimitri Karamasoff (1931, directed by Erich Engels & Fyodor Otsep, starring Fritz Kortner, Anna Sten) I fratelli Karamazoff (1947, directed by Giacomo Gentilomo) The Brothers Karamazov (1958, directed by Richard Brooks, starring Yul Brynner and William Shatner) The Brothers Karamazov (1969, directed by Kirill Lavrov, Ivan Pyryev and Mikhail Ulyanov) The Brothers Karamazov (1969, directed by Marcel Bluwal) A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible."
}
] |
CJ3GWE5VvD5qUrj7Qo0Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Starring Derek Jacobi as the inquisitor, it was first broadcast on Channel 5 on 22 December 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "There have been several film adaptations of The Brothers Karamazov, including: The Brothers Karamazov (1915 silent film, lost, directed by Victor Tourjansky) Die Brüder Karamasoff (1921, directed by Carl Froelich) Der Mörder Dimitri Karamasoff (1931, directed by Erich Engels & Fyodor Otsep, starring Fritz Kortner, Anna Sten) I fratelli Karamazoff (1947, directed by Giacomo Gentilomo) The Brothers Karamazov (1958, directed by Richard Brooks, starring Yul Brynner and William Shatner) The Brothers Karamazov (1969, directed by Kirill Lavrov, Ivan Pyryev and Mikhail Ulyanov) The Brothers Karamazov (1969, directed by Marcel Bluwal) A Russian 12-episode mini-series was produced in 2009, and is considered to be as close to the book as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Brothers Karamazov (Russian: Бра́тья Карама́зовы, Brat'ya Karamazovy, pronounced [ˈbratʲjə kərɐˈmazəvɨ]), also translated as The Karamazov Brothers, is the final novel by Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters | Fyodor Pavlovich Karamazov",
"text": "The relationship between Fyodor and his adult sons drives much of the plot in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Although Dostoevsky began his first notes for The Brothers Karamazov in April 1878, the novel incorporated elements and themes from an earlier unfinished project he had begun in 1869 entitled The Life of a Great Sinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "В Тобольске), is considered to be the first draft of the first chapter of The Brothers Karamazov."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Grand Inquisitor was adapted for British television as a one-hour drama titled Inquisition."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The adaptation of the book is set in Morocco, with some aspects changed to resemble the local Moroccan culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "According to Serbian state news agency Tanjug, Serbian president Aleksandar Vučić described Dostoevsky as his best-loved novelist, saying: \"The Brothers Karamazov may be the best work of world literature.\" American First Lady Laura Bush has said she is an admirer of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "In an essay on The Brothers Karamazov, written after the Russian Revolution and the First World War, Nobel Prize-winning author Hermann Hesse described Dostoevsky as not a \"poet\" but a \"prophet\"."
}
] |
The novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky The Brothers Karamazov was first adapted to film in 2002.
| 0 | 0 |
The Brothers Karamazov
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered by many to be one of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka expanded Chandragupta's empire to reign over a realm stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east."
}
] |
CJrH35Ws5wa9NsraZOIl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The grandson of the founder of the Maurya Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka promoted the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "This legend about Ashoka's search for a worthy teacher may be aimed at explaining why Ashoka did not adopt Jainism, another major contemporary faith that advocates non-violence and compassion."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Dharma",
"text": "They were also sent on diplomatic missions to the Hellenistic kingdoms of west Asia, in order to propagate the dhamma."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is remembered for the Ashoka pillars and edicts, for sending Buddhist monks to Sri Lanka and Central Asia, and for establishing monuments marking several significant sites in the life of Gautama Buddha."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign relations | Hellenistic world",
"text": "Some Hellenistic philosophers, such as Hegesias of Cyrene, who probably lived under the rule of King Magas, one of the supposed recipients of Buddhist emissaries from Asoka, are sometimes thought to have been influenced by Buddhist teachings."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "Different sources give different accounts of Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "The legend suggests that Ashoka was not attracted to Buddhism because he was looking for such a faith, rather, for a competent spiritual teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Relationship with Buddhism",
"text": "The Minor Rock Edict 1 leaves no doubt that Ashoka was a follower of Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Relationship with Buddhism",
"text": "The Buddhist legends state that Ashoka converted to Buddhism, although this has been debated by a section of scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered by many to be one of India's greatest emperors, Ashoka expanded Chandragupta's empire to reign over a realm stretching from present-day Afghanistan in the west to Bangladesh in the east."
}
] |
Asoka aimed to share Buddhism in anciet Asia.
| 3 | 7 |
Asoka
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in southern England, around Hampshire, the story features a small group of rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972."
}
] |
CK1WZysZcdzNxVgEVQAJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and publication history",
"text": "The title refers to the rabbits' destination, Watership Down, a hill in the north of Hampshire, England, near the area where Adams grew up."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Evoking epic themes, the novel follows the rabbits as they escape the destruction of their warren and seek a place to establish a new home (the hill of Watership Down), encountering perils and temptations along the way."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He is near death when he finds the warren at Watership Down, but is nursed back to health and becomes one of Hazel's most trusted companions."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 1",
"text": "The residents of the new warren are simply using Hazel and the others to increase their own odds of survival."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 3",
"text": "Once they are at Watership Down, the Efrafan escapees start their new life of freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Lapine language",
"text": "The language was again used in Adams' 1996 sequel, Tales from Watership Down, and has appeared in both the film and television adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 2",
"text": "Fiver's visions have promised them a safe place in which to settle, and the group eventually finds Watership Down, which matches Fiver's description of the perfect home exactly."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 2",
"text": "With the help of their useful new friend, a black-headed gull named Kehaar, they locate a nearby warren called Efrafa, which is overcrowded and has many does."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part 3",
"text": "Hazel and Bigwig devise a plan to rescue Hyzenthlay's group and bring them to Watership Down; Bigwig is sent to do the mission, with infrequent help from Kehaar, and the group escape using a raft."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "When he is liberated by Bigwig, he quickly proves himself an expert tracker and ranger, and also shows himself to be an effective fighter when the Efrafan rabbits attack the warren. Kehaar: A black-headed gull who is forced, by an injured wing, to take refuge on Watership Down, and befriends the rabbits when they help him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in southern England, around Hampshire, the story features a small group of rabbits."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Watership Down is a survival and adventure novel by English author Richard Adams, published by Rex Collings Ltd of London in 1972."
}
] |
Watership Down takes place near the U.S state of New Hampshire.
| 0 | 0 |
Watership Down
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He quickly established himself as an outstanding fielder, and he later became known for performing backflips on special occasions while taking his position at the beginning of a game."
}
] |
CKOPQtsZtUAX5fPEPkI5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1996",
"text": "Noted for his ritual backflip before Opening Days, All-Star Games, and postseason games, Smith chose this occasion to perform it for one of the last times."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When not at the local YMCA or playing sports, Smith sometimes went with friends to the neighborhood lumberyard, springboarding off inner tubes and doing flips into sawdust piles (a precursor to his famous backflips)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Strasberg asked Smith to do a backflip for fans during Fan Appreciation Day on October 1, the Padres' last home game of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "Padres promotion director Andy Strasberg knew Smith could perform backflips, but that he only did them during practice before fans entered the stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "While \"The Wizard of Oz\" nickname was an allusion to the 1939 motion picture of the same name, Smith also came to be known as simply \"The Wizard\" during his playing career, as Smith's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque would later attest."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1987–1990",
"text": "After hitting in either the second or eighth spot in the batting order for most of his time in St. Louis, Herzog made Smith the number-two hitter full-time during the 1987 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1990–1995",
"text": "As a testament to his national visibility during this time, Smith appeared in a 1992 episode of The Simpsons titled \"Homer at the Bat\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "\"Because of his injury, Smith let his then four-year-old son Nikko perform his traditional Opening Day backflip before the Cardinals' first home game of the 1986 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He quickly established himself as an outstanding fielder, and he later became known for performing backflips on special occasions while taking his position at the beginning of a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "Approaching Smith one day during spring training, Herzog said, \"Every time you hit a fly ball, you owe me a buck."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith was nicknamed "The Trickster" since he loved to do backflips during certain times of the game.
| 3 | 6 |
Ozzie Smith
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; 382–336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead."
}
] |
CKdyqOhGe6v4TAV5rAFu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Fictional portrayals",
"text": "Fredric March portrayed Philip II of Macedon in the film Alexander the Great (1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai",
"text": "More recent research gives further evidence that Tomb II contains the remains of Philip II."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Fictional portrayals",
"text": "Val Kilmer portrayed Philip II of Macedon in Oliver Stone's 2004 biopic Alexander."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Fictional portrayals",
"text": "Sunny Ghanshani portrayed Philip II of Macedon in Siddharth Kumar Tewary's series Porus."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "He was pursued by three of Philip's bodyguards, tripped on a vine, and died by their hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai",
"text": "Although there was much debate for some years, as suspected at the time of the discovery Tomb II has been shown to be that of Philip II as indicated by many features, including the greaves, one of which was shaped consistently to fit a leg with a misaligned tibia (Philip II was recorded as having broken his tibia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Β΄ ὁ Μακεδών; 382–336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the kingdom of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Tomb of Philip II at Aigai",
"text": "Tomb II instead was identified in the study as that of King Arrhidaeus and his wife Eurydice II."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Youth and accession",
"text": "He first had to remedy a predicament which had been greatly worsened by the defeat against the Illyrians in which King Perdiccas himself had died."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early military career",
"text": "However, this did not prevent him from marching against the Illyrians in 358 and crushing them in a ferocious battle in which some 7,000 Illyrians died (357)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, his assassination by a royal bodyguard, Pausanias of Orestis, led to the immediate succession of his son Alexander, who would go on to invade the Achaemenid Empire in his father's stead."
}
] |
Philip II of Macedon died in a riding accident in his 70s.
| 0 | 0 |
Philip II of Macedon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957."
}
] |
CKrNBw5k8Q76jflX6NjT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "but, as stated above, badly trailing a Republican ticket which otherwise swept the state of Wisconsin; all the other Republican winners, including Eisenhower himself, received at least 60% of the Wisconsin vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Robert F. Kennedy quietly attended the funeral in Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | McCarthy and Eisenhower",
"text": "During the 1952 presidential election, the Eisenhower campaign toured Wisconsin with McCarthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "In this race, he was challenging three-term senator Robert M. La Follette Jr., founder of the Wisconsin Progressive Party and son of the celebrated Wisconsin governor and senator Robert M. La Follette Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The Democratic candidate, William Proxmire, called the late McCarthy \"a disgrace to Wisconsin, to the Senate, and to America\"."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Edward R. Murrow, See It Now",
"text": "The actions of the junior Senator from Wisconsin have caused alarm and dismay amongst our allies abroad, and given considerable comfort to our enemies."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate",
"text": "He supported the Taft–Hartley Act over Truman's veto, angering labor unions in Wisconsin but solidifying his business base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He entered Little Wolf High School, in Manawa, Wisconsin, when he was 20 and graduated in one year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "His judgements had often been reversed by the Wisconsin Supreme Court, and he was so inefficient that he had piled up a huge backlog of cases."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "McCarthy campaigned for the Republican Senate nomination in Wisconsin while still on active duty in 1944 but was defeated by Alexander Wiley, the incumbent."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957."
}
] |
Joseph McCarthy was a senator from Wisconsin.
| 0 | 0 |
Joseph McCarthy
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her career spanned more than seven decades."
}
] |
CLYZlTEdJgG8hUZymu4Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "For many years, Wyman's birthdate was widely reported to be January 4, 1914, but research by biographers and genealogists indicated that she was actually born three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wyman's professional career began at age 16 in 1933, when she signed with Warner Bros. Wyman followed common practice at the time when she added three years to her age."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Johnny Belinda and \"A\" film stardom",
"text": "Wyman spent over six months preparing for the film which was an enormous hit and won Wyman a Best Actress Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Semi-retirement | Falcon Crest",
"text": "In the spring of 1981 (a few months after her ex-husband became the president), Wyman's career enjoyed a resurgence when she was cast as the scheming Californian vintner and matriarch Angela Channing in The Vintage Years, which was retooled as the primetime soap opera Falcon Crest."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Dramatic star",
"text": "Wyman remained a supporting actor in One More Tomorrow (1946), and Night and Day (1946)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was also the first wife of actor Ronald Reagan (later the 40th president of the United States)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages | Ernest Wyman",
"text": "The couple would divorce after two years."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After Wyman's death, a release posted on her official website confirmed these details."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "That same year, she began a radio singing career, calling herself Jane Durrell and adding years to her birth date to work legally because she was under-aged."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wyman's biological parents were married in March 1916 in Jackson County, Missouri, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her career spanned more than seven decades."
}
] |
Wyman's career as an actor was over 70 years in length.
| 3 | 3 |
Jane Wyman
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glenda May Jackson (born 9 May 1936) is a British actress and politician."
}
] |
CLiI82zxtAwt0HBWEkky
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "She did, however, win the Natasha Richardson Award for Best Actress at the 2017 Evening Standard Theatre Awards for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, she won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for her role in a revival of Edward Albee's Three Tall Women, thus becoming one of the few performers to have achieved the \"Triple Crown of Acting\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "Jackson was nominated for Best Actress at the Olivier Awards for her role, but ultimately lost out to Billie Piper."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Tony Awards Tony Awards Academy Awards Primetime Emmy Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "\"In 2018, Jackson returned to Broadway in a revival of Edward Albee’s Three Tall Women, winning the 2018 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, receiving the first for her role as Gudrun Brangwen in the romantic drama film Women in Love (1970) and the second for her role as Vickie Allessio in the romantic comedy film"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2015–present: Return to acting",
"text": "\"In 2019, after a 27-year absence, Jackson returned to television drama, portraying an elderly grandmother struggling with dementia in Elizabeth Is Missing on BBC One, based on the novel of the same name by Emma Healey, for which she won the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Golden Globe Awards BAFTA Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glenda May Jackson (born 9 May 1936) is a British actress and politician."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1969–1980: Critical and commercial success",
"text": "She gained a second Academy Award for Best Actress for Frank's A Touch of Class (1973), a romantic comedy co-starring George Segal."
}
] |
Glenda Jackson is a American actress that won the Natasha Richardson Award for Best Actress at the 2017 Evening Standard Theatre Awards for her performance..
| 0 | 0 |
Glenda Jackson
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "The original plan of the building was 50 stories, but was later increased to 60 and then 80 stories."
}
] |
CM1MCOSY409k6muPE0iC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "The original plan of the building was 50 stories, but was later increased to 60 and then 80 stories."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "Height restrictions were placed on nearby buildings to ensure that the top fifty floors of the planned 80-story, 1,000-foot-tall (300 m) building would have unobstructed views of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Early plans",
"text": "Bethlehem Engineering Corporation originally intended to build a 25-story office building on the Waldorf–Astoria site."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Interior",
"text": "Additional elevators connect the 80th floor to the six floors above it, as the six extra floors were built after the original 80 stories were approved."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Loss of \"tallest building\" title",
"text": "The plan originally included 66-story twin towers with column-free open spaces."
},
{
"section_header": "Incidents | 2000 elevator plunge",
"text": "On January 24, 2000, an elevator in the building suddenly descended 40 stories after a cable that controlled the cabin's maximum speed was severed."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Exterior",
"text": "Normally, a building of the Empire State's dimensions would be permitted to build up to 12 stories on the Fifth Avenue side, and up to 17 stories on the 33rd/34th Streets side, before it would have to utilize setbacks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Loss of \"tallest building\" title",
"text": "A revision in the World Trade Center's plan brought the twin towers to 1,370 feet (420 m) each or 110 stories, taller than the Empire State."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "\" The plans were revised one last time in December 1929, to include a 16-story, 200-foot (61 m) metal \"crown\" and an additional 222-foot (68 m) mooring mast intended for dirigibles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning process | Design changes",
"text": "Two days later, Smith announced the updated plans for the skyscraper."
}
] |
The original plan of the building was 40 stories but was later increased to 70 and then 80 stories.
| 1 | 5 |
Empire State Building
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner responded by renaming her \"Tina\" because it rhymed with Sheena, however, family and friends still called her Ann."
}
] |
CMb1AtMst8NJzM0FJ1Vj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has been referred to as The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical legacy and accolades",
"text": "Turner is often referred in the media as \"The Queen of Rock and Roll\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner responded by renaming her \"Tina\" because it rhymed with Sheena, however, family and friends still called her Ann."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Bullock's first recording was in 1958 under the name \"Little Ann\" on the single \"Boxtop\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and marriages | Early relationships",
"text": "While still in Brownsville, Turner (then called Ann Bullock) fell in love for the first time with Harry Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner said he'd call her but never did."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Turner began her recording career as a featured singer with Ike Turner's Kings of Rhythm, under the name \"Little Ann\" on \"Boxtop\" (1958)."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical legacy and accolades | Awards, honors, and achievements",
"text": "These awards include eight competitive Grammy Awards; she holds the record with four awards given for Best Female Rock Vocal Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Mainstream success: 1966–1975",
"text": "Shortly after filming wrapped, Tina appeared on Ann-Margret's TV special."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection, so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another \"Tina Turner\"."
}
] |
Tina Turner is often called The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll" although her inner circle refers to her by her given name, Ann.
| 3 | 4 |
Tina Turner
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially known for playing \"tough guys\" with a tender heart, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in film and, later, television."
}
] |
CMbpvJo9AgYvCXB9yjEK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1970s",
"text": "Lancaster had one of the biggest successes of his career with Airport, in 1970, starring alongside Dean Martin, Jean Seberg and Jacqueline Bisset."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | United Artists",
"text": "Vera Cruz had been a huge success, but Marty secured Hecht-Lancaster as one of the most successful independent production companies in Hollywood at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1970s",
"text": "It became one of the biggest box-office hits of 1970 and, at that time, reportedly the highest-grossing film in the history of Universal Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Norlan Productions",
"text": "Castle Keep in 1969, which was a big flop."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Frequent collaborators",
"text": "Eight of these were co-produced by James Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a four-time nominee for the Academy Award for Best Actor (winning once), and he also won two BAFTA Awards and one Golden Globe Award for Best Lead Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Political activism | ACLU",
"text": "Burt. He had a scotch or two and finally he said, 'I think she should be executive director.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Collaborations with younger filmmakers",
"text": "He had a big hit with The Professionals (1966), a Western directed by Brooks and also starring Lee Marvin."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The centennial of Lancaster's birth was honored at New York City's Film Society of Lincoln Center in May 2013 with the screening of 12 of the actor's best-known films, from The Killers to Atlantic City."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1980s",
"text": "His first big hit in a while was Field of Dreams in 1989, in which he played a supporting role as Moonlight Graham."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially known for playing \"tough guys\" with a tender heart, he went on to achieve success with more complex and challenging roles over a 45-year career in film and, later, television."
}
] |
Burt was the James Dean of his time on the big screen.
| 0 | 0 |
Burt Lancaster
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the 1840s in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived as a boy."
}
] |
CMeEffLvAMuQtKktGFWS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sequels and other works featuring Tom Sawyer",
"text": "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884) Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894) Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896)Tom Sawyer, the story's title character, also appears in two other uncompleted sequels: Huck and Tom Among the Indians and Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "In its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain changes to a first person narrative which takes moral conflicts more personally and thus makes greater social criticism possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the novel Tom Sawyer has several adventures, often with his friend Huckleberry Finn."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Video games",
"text": "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, an action-platformer for the Nintendo Entertainment System."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Comic books",
"text": "Tom Sawyer (Pendulum Illustrated Classics, Pendulum Press, 1973) – adapted by Irwin Shapiro and E. R. Cruz; reprinted in Marvel Classics Comics #7 (1976) and a number of other places"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Comic books",
"text": "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Capstone Publishers, 2007) — adapted by Daniel Strickland"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Film and television",
"text": "The Animated Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1998), Canadian version, written by Bob Merrill and directed by"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Theatrical",
"text": "In 2001, the musical The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, by Ken Ludwig and Don Schlitz, debuted on Broadway."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A week later, having deduced from Injun Joe's presence at McDougal's Cave that the villain must have hidden the stolen gold inside, Tom takes Huck to the cave and they find the box of gold, the proceeds of which are invested for them."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influences | Internet",
"text": "On November 30, 2011, to celebrate Twain's 176th birthday, the Google Doodle was a scene from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the 1840s in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, inspired by Hannibal, Missouri, where Twain lived as a boy."
}
] |
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer takes place in 1900.
| 0 | 0 |
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The novel's U.S. copyright will expire on January 1, 2021, when all works published in 1925 enter the public domain in the United States."
}
] |
CMiFSbV9vnMmsMpXAeIV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The novel's U.S. copyright will expire on January 1, 2021, when all works published in 1925 enter the public domain in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "On January 1, 1950, an hour-long adaptation was broadcast on CBS's Family Hour of Stars starring Kirk Douglas as Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Her choice between Gatsby and Tom is one of the central conflicts in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many literary critics consider The Great Gatsby to be one of the greatest novels ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "A successful tour later in the year included performances in Chicago, 1 August 20 through 2 October."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative titles",
"text": "The titles The Gold-Hatted Gatsby and The High-Bouncing Lover came from Fitzgerald's epigraph for the novel, one which he wrote himself under the pen name of Thomas Parke D'Invilliers."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival and reassessment",
"text": "The Great Gatsby was one of these books."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One morning, Nick receives a formal invitation to a party at Gatsby's mansion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Tom admits that he was the one who told George that Gatsby owned the vehicle that killed Myrtle."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Once there, Nick is embarrassed that he recognizes no one, and begins drinking heavily until he encounters Jordan."
}
] |
The novel copyright will expire on January 1, 2021.
| 2 | 8 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards."
}
] |
CMvwxxFp8P5r448ySCYB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a teenager he was introduced into the high society in which most of his plays would be set."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "His nickname, \"The Master\", \"started as a joke and became true\", according to Coward."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Post-war career",
"text": "During the 1950s and 1960s Coward continued to write musicals and plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "He became Collinson's godfather and helped him to get started in show business."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Plays",
"text": "Chothia writes that \"the seeming triviality\" and rich, flippant characters of Coward's plays, though popular with the public, aroused hostility from a few, such as the playwright Sean O'Casey, \"perhaps particularly because of the ease with which his sexually charged writing seemed to elude censorship\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Inter-war successes",
"text": "The critic St John Ervine wrote of the piece, \"When Mr Coward has learned that tea-table chitter-chatter had better remain the prerogative of women he will write more interesting plays than he now seems likely to write."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Post-war career",
"text": "In 1955 Coward's cabaret act at Las Vegas, recorded live for the gramophone, and released as Noël Coward at Las Vegas, was so successful that CBS engaged him to write and direct a series of three 90-minute television specials for the 1955–56 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and appearances | Plays",
"text": "Morley comments, \" The truth is that, although the theatrical and political world had changed considerably through the century for which he stood as an ineffably English icon, Noël himself changed very little.\" Chothis comments, \"sentimentality and nostalgia, often lurking but usually kept in check in earlier works, were cloyingly present in such post-World War II plays as Peace in Our Time and Nude with Violin, although his writing was back on form with the astringent Waiting in the Wings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Personal life",
"text": "The papers of Noël Coward are held in the University of Birmingham."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Post-war career",
"text": "Only two of the Suite in Three Keys plays were performed in New York, with the title changed to Noël Coward in Two Keys, starring Hume Cronyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coward achieved enduring success as a playwright, publishing more than 50 plays from his teens onwards."
}
] |
Noël Coward started writing plays when he was a teenager.
| 3 | 3 |
Noël Coward
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career",
"text": "Lodge voted for Taft instead of Roosevelt; after Woodrow Wilson won the election the Lodge-Roosevelt friendship resumed."
}
] |
CNNEZD9007Vnig57pTW0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, Lodge opposed Roosevelt's third party bid for president in 1912, but the two remained close friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career",
"text": "Lodge voted for Taft instead of Roosevelt; after Woodrow Wilson won the election the Lodge-Roosevelt friendship resumed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the Senate, he sponsored the unsuccessful Lodge Bill, which sought to protect the voting rights of African Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Charles Scribner's Sons. Roosevelt, Theodore, and Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Little, Brown. 1880. Ballads and Lyrics, Selected and Arranged by Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918 (2 vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference and Chairman of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, emerging as the leader of the Senate Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "George's sons, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985) and John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), also became politicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Lodge's grandson, served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 1953 to 1960."
}
] |
American Republican senator Henry Cabot Lodge voted for Taft and opposed Roosevelt's third term.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Future developments",
"text": "These include terminal and runway improvements, which will enhance the passenger experience, reduce overcrowding, and provide airport access to the latest class of very large passenger aircraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Future developments",
"text": "LAWA currently has several plans to modernize LAX."
}
] |
CNaQPyjcgthMJTc9iMLg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Coast Guard Air Station Los Angeles",
"text": "The air station relocated by May 18, 2016 from LAX to accommodate the planned improvements for LAX's midfield, including the Midfield Satellite Concourse North (MSC North) terminal."
},
{
"section_header": "Future developments",
"text": "These improvements include: New crossfield taxiway"
},
{
"section_header": "Future developments",
"text": "New large aircraft gates at Tom Bradley International Terminal (TBIT) TBIT core improvements"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1928, the Los Angeles City Council selected 640 acres (1.00 sq mi; 260 ha) in the southern part of Westchester for a new airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Future developments",
"text": "These include terminal and runway improvements, which will enhance the passenger experience, reduce overcrowding, and provide airport access to the latest class of very large passenger aircraft."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name became Los Angeles Airport in 1941 and Los Angeles International Airport in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Owned and operated by Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA), an agency of the government of Los Angeles, formerly known as the Department of Airports, the airport covers 3,500 acres (1,400 ha) of land."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While LAX is the busiest airport in the Greater Los Angeles Area, several other airports, including Hollywood Burbank Airport, John Wayne Airport, Long Beach Airport, as well as Ontario International Airport, also serve the area."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Film shoots at the Los Angeles airports, including LAX, produced $590 million for the Los Angeles region from 2002 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Runways",
"text": "Since 1972, Los Angeles World Airports has adopted the \"Preferential Runway Use Policy\" to minimize noise."
},
{
"section_header": "Future developments",
"text": "LAWA currently has several plans to modernize LAX."
}
] |
The Los Angeles International Airport has plans to include a new terminal and improve the runway.
| 1 | 3 |
Los Angeles International Airport
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems – worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium – forced his shift to right field, followed by his move to a team which played on grass."
}
] |
CNzNPgmAAVh62oMs4DlA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nickname",
"text": "Andre's uncle told him that most kids his age would shy away from the ball, but Andre attacked the ball like a hawk."
},
{
"section_header": "Nickname",
"text": "Andre used to work out with a men's team that would hit him ground balls at practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Late and post career",
"text": "Dawson sustained a knee injury early in the 1993 season in a game against the Texas Rangers which limited him to only 121 games in his first year with the Red Sox: \"I got caught between sliding and standing up on a passed ball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson played five more seasons with the Cubs, and was one of the franchise's most popular players during that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dawson was a center fielder until knee problems – worsened by the artificial surface at Olympic Stadium – forced his shift to right field, followed by his move to a team which played on grass."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson played for the Expos until after the 1986 season when he became a free agent and sought a team whose home field had natural grass, as his knee injuries were aggravated by Olympic Stadium's artificial turf."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "The major impediments to Dawson's election to the Hall of Fame had been his ordinary career .323 on-base percentage, his statistics being diminished in stature by sluggers who played after him in the steroid era, and never playing in a World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Cubs teammate Ryne Sandberg campaigned for Dawson's induction during his speech at his own Hall of Fame induction ceremony in 2005: \"No player in baseball history worked harder, suffered more or did it better than Andre Dawson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Dawson campaigned for the Cubs to sign him during the off-season, but general manager Dallas Green resisted, insisting that the Cubs would start Brian Dayett in right field (Dawson had moved from center field to right field in his final two seasons as an Expo, due to the condition of his knees), and that one player could not make a 71–91 team a 91–71 team."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame",
"text": "Dawson's Hall of Fame plaque depicts him with a Montreal Expos cap."
}
] |
Andre Dawson's joint injury improved after he started playing ball on stadiums with AstroTurf.
| 0 | 0 |
Andre Dawson
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire."
}
] |
COsM0s40AELGyg2WZ2q5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam subsequently crafted a melody for the poem that was translated into English by John Sullivan Dwight (1813 - 1893), a Boston music teacher and music journalist, as well as co-founder of The Harvard Music Society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adam was a noted teacher, who taught Delibes and other influential composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adolphe Adam was born in Paris, to Jean-Louis Adam (1758–1848), who was a prominent Alsatian composer, as well a professor at the Paris Conservatoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adolphe Charles Adam (French: [adɔlf adɑ̃]; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer and music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Jean-Louis Adam was a pianist and teacher but was firmly set against the idea of his son's following in his footsteps."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "As a child, Adolphe Adam preferred to improvise music on his own rather than study music seriously and occasionally truanted with writer Eugène Sue who was also something of a dunce in early years."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam was determined, however and studied and composed secretly under the tutelage of his older friend Ferdinand Hérold, a popular composer of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "When Adam was 17, his father relented and he was permitted to study at the Paris Conservatoire, but only after he promised that he would learn music only as an amusement, not as a career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Adam also played the timpani in the orchestra of the Conservatoire; however, he did not win the Prix de Rome and his father did not encourage him to pursue a music career, as he won second prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Like many other French composers, he made a living largely by playing the organ."
}
] |
Adam was a composer as well as a teacher of music.
| 0 | 0 |
Adolphe Adam
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet."
}
] |
CPGhYalcKM7L4YvLGO1b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "From 1973 to 2004, Wild Side Story, a camp parody musical, based loosely on West Side Story and adapting parts of the musical's music and lyrics, was performed a total of more than 500 times in Miami Beach, Florida, Stockholm, Gran Canaria and Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "West Side Story is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Production period",
"text": "It has been rumored that while Bernstein was off trying to fix the musical Candide, Sondheim wrote some of the music for West Side Story, and that Bernstein's co-lyricist billing mysteriously disappeared from the credits of West Side Story during the tryout, presumably as a trade-off."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "The album was re-released in 2002 as Cal Tjader Plays Harold Arlen & West Side Story (double CD)."
},
{
"section_header": "Score",
"text": "In 1961, Bernstein prepared a suite of orchestral music from the show, titled Symphonic Dances from West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1962, Dave Brubeck recorded jazz versions of selections from the film score on Music From West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Collaboration and development",
"text": "There he met Sondheim, who had heard that East Side Story, now retitled West Side Story, was back on track."
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "The 2005 short musical comedy film West Bank Story, which won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, concerns a love story between a Jew and a Palestinian and parodies several aspects of West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1962, Oscar Peterson and his trio recorded a jazz version, West Side Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "In 1963, Bill Barron recorded West Side Story Bossa Nova (Dauntless, 1963) In 1984, Bernstein conducted a studio recording of the musical; he had not conducted it before."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet."
}
] |
The musical West Side Story is based off the play "The Taming of the Shrew."
| 0 | 0 |
West Side Story
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The tomb was erected on a hill overlooking the city."
}
] |
CPGr41QaNDEeylGft7kg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "There the images of Mausolus and his queen watch over the few broken remains of the beautiful tomb she built for him."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Pausanias adds that the Romans considered the Mausoleum one of the great wonders of the world and it was for that reason that they called all their magnificent tombs mausolea, after it."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "At the center of the platform, the marble tomb rose as a square tapering block to one-third of the Mausoleum's 45 m (148 ft) height."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "In many histories of the Mausoleum one can find the following story of what happened: the party, deciding it was too late to open it that day, returned the next morning to find the tomb, and any treasure it may have contained, plundered."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus or Tomb of Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαυσωλεῖον τῆς Ἁλικαρνασσοῦ; Turkish: Halikarnas Mozolesi) was a tomb built between 353 and 350 BC in Halicarnassus (present Bodrum, Turkey) for Mausolus, a native Anatolian from Caria and a satrap in the Achaemenid Empire, and his sister-wife Artemisia II of Caria."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "On the top of this section of the tomb thirty-six slim columns, ten per side, with each corner sharing one column between two sides; rose for another third of the height."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to the Roman architect Vitruvius, it was built by Satyros and Pytheus who wrote a treatise about it; this treatise is now lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The Knights of St John of Rhodes invaded the region and built Bodrum Castle (Castle of Saint Peter)."
},
{
"section_header": "Halicarnassus",
"text": "Mausolus decided to build a new capital, one as safe from capture as it was magnificent to be seen."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and statues",
"text": "The sculptures on the north were created by Scopas, the ones on the east Bryaxis, on the south Timotheus and on the west Leochares."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the Mausoleum",
"text": "The tomb was erected on a hill overlooking the city."
}
] |
The tomb was built on a mountain facing the water.
| 1 | 3 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Robinson's brother, Fred Robinson, also played briefly in the majors, appearing in 3 games for the 1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association."
}
] |
CPQdDASlznEQDnqjoxcH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed \"Uncle Robbie\", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Over the course of his career, Robinson played 1,316 games as a catcher, which prepared him for his second baseball career as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "McGraw served as player-manager of the AL Orioles in 1901 and the beginning of the 1902 season, at which point he departed to the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "Ruth Law, the aviator, supposedly forgot to bring a baseball and instead dropped a grapefruit, which splattered all over the manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "On March 13, 1915, at spring training in Daytona Beach, Florida, Robinson decided to try to set a record of sorts by catching a baseball dropped from an airplane being flown 525 feet (160 m) overhead."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "Couldn't he have made some of them against Giants manager McGraw?\") Robinson and McGraw joined as business partners in the Baltimore Orioles, a team that would debut in the new American League (AL) in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also was the first catcher to play directly behind the batter at all times, as the previous practice had been to play farther back when there were fewer than two strikes."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Robinson's brother, Fred Robinson, also played briefly in the majors, appearing in 3 games for the 1884 Cincinnati Outlaw Reds of the Union Association."
}
] |
American baseball player Wilbert Robinson had a sister who also played baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Wilbert Robinson
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Beer",
"text": "A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named \"William Wallace\", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called \"Wallace\"."
}
] |
CQkgSW6UlweyfzZr1cx9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Beer",
"text": "A number of beers are named for Wallace."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Beer",
"text": "A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named \"William Wallace\", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called \"Wallace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of the uprising",
"text": "This was one of several rebellions taking place across Scotland, including those of several Scottish nobles and Andrew Moray in the north."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Marriage",
"text": "He apparently fell in love with and married a young woman named Marion Braidfute."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the early 19th century, Walter Scott wrote of Wallace in his short essay Exploits and Death of William Wallace, the \"Hero of Scotland\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Wallace was a member of the lesser nobility, but little is definitely known of his family history or even his parentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Blind Harry's assertion that William was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that William's birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some historians, including the historical William Wallace Society itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Political crisis in Scotland",
"text": "Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of \"Toom Tabard\" (empty coat)."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of the uprising",
"text": "The first act definitely known to have been carried out by Wallace was his murder of William de Heselrig, the English High Sheriff of Lanark, in May 1297."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Blind Harry's late-15th-century poem gives his father as Sir Malcolm of Elderslie; however, William's own seal, found on a letter sent to the Hanse city of Lübeck in 1297, gives his father's name as Alan Wallace."
}
] |
William Wallace has several beers named after him.
| 6 | 8 |
William Wallace
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product endorsements",
"text": "She became a spokesperson for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Nashville Predators and Sony Cyber-shot digital cameras."
}
] |
CRdYs4nftNdOc4Uimfk0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Rolling Stone remarks upon her polite manner: \"If this is Swift's game face, it must be tattooed on because it never drops\", and noted her \"ease with glad-handing\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Swift has said she is unwilling to discuss her personal life in public; she believes that talking about it can be \"a career weakness\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "We Go Again which included the single \"Taylor Swift is Stalking Me\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product endorsements",
"text": "While promoting her debut album, Swift appeared as the face of Verizon Wireless' Mobile Music campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "Swift won accolades for Taylor Swift."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "Taylor Swift was released on October 24, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "I sincerely appreciate it. Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "Swift also released the holiday album Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection in October 2007 and the EP Beautiful Eyes in July 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Swift considers Michelle Obama to be a role model."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "They questioned whether Swift was in the midst of a \"quarter-life crisis\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product endorsements",
"text": "She became a spokesperson for the National Hockey League's (NHL) Nashville Predators and Sony Cyber-shot digital cameras."
}
] |
Taylor Swift is not the public face of any particular sports teams.
| 0 | 0 |
Taylor Swift
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later career | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Formation of the Whig Party",
"text": "The removal of deposits helped unite Jackson's opponents into one party for the first time, as National Republicans, Calhounites, former Democrats, and members of the Anti-Masonic Party coalesced into the Whig Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Formation of the Whig Party",
"text": "The term \"Whig\" originated from a speech Clay delivered in 1834, in which he compared opponents of Jackson to the Whigs, a British political party opposed to absolute monarchy."
}
] |
CReIQBTIqSHOW2y1rpuj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ideology and slavery | American System",
"text": "Throughout most of his political life, Clay promoted his American System as both an economic program and a means for unifying the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Formation of the Whig Party",
"text": "The term \"Whig\" originated from a speech Clay delivered in 1834, in which he compared opponents of Jackson to the Whigs, a British political party opposed to absolute monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early law and political career | Early political career",
"text": "Like most Kentuckians, Clay was a member of the Democratic-Republican Party, but he clashed with state party leaders over a state constitutional convention."
},
{
"section_header": "Early law and political career | Early political career",
"text": "Clay began dabbling in politics shortly after arriving in Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Harrison and Tyler administrations, 1841–1845 | 1844 presidential election",
"text": "By 1842, most observers believed that Clay would face Van Buren in the 1844 presidential election, as he had still remained as the clear leader of the Democrats and, following the tradition of the founders, wanted a second term."
},
{
"section_header": "Early law and political career | Early political career",
"text": "Clay quickly emerged as a fierce critic of British attacks on American shipping, becoming part of an informal group of \"war hawks\" who favored expansionist policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Ideology and slavery | American System",
"text": "The American System had four key tenets: high tariffs, a stable financial system, federal investment in internal improvements, and a public land sale policy designed to raise revenue and provide for carefully managed expansion into the American frontier."
},
{
"section_header": "Early law and political career | Early political career",
"text": "In the first political speech of his career, Clay attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts, federal laws designed to suppress dissent during the Quasi-War."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Van Buren administration, 1837–1841",
"text": "With Whigs also winning control of Congress in the 1840 elections, Clay saw the upcoming 27th Congress as an opportunity for the Whig Party to establish itself as the dominant political party by leading the country out of recession."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career | Jackson administration, 1829–1837 | Formation of the Whig Party",
"text": "The removal of deposits helped unite Jackson's opponents into one party for the first time, as National Republicans, Calhounites, former Democrats, and members of the Anti-Masonic Party coalesced into the Whig Party."
}
] |
Clay was the founder of the tea party in American politics.
| 0 | 4 |
Henry Clay
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V."
}
] |
CRk81PWdWOsvEREM332c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is also known for founding and developing the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Later years",
"text": "The Table of Ranks continued to remain in effect until the Russian monarchy was overthrown in 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Illness and death",
"text": "Peter remained bedridden until late autumn."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "While the Poles fought the Swedes, Peter founded the city of Saint Petersburg in 1703, in Ingermanland (a province of the Swedish Empire that he had captured)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pyotr Pyerviy, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj]) or Pyotr Alekseevich (Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич, IPA: [ˈpʲɵtr ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ]; 9 June [O.S. 30 May] 1672 – 8 February [O.S. 28 January] 1725) ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May"
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "Between 1713 and 1728, and from 1732 to 1918, Saint Petersburg was the capital of imperial Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Illness and death",
"text": "He is interred in Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg, Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Grand Embassy",
"text": "He studied the English techniques of city-building he would later use to great effect at Saint Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Great Northern War",
"text": "He forbade the building of stone edifices outside Saint Petersburg, which he intended to become Russia's capital, so that all stonemasons could participate in the construction of the new city."
}
] |
Peter the Great ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire until his death in 1725, jointly ruling before 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V, and is also known for founding and developing the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1917.
| 0 | 0 |
Peter the Great
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "At age 15 he became interested in literature and journalism and founded the literary magazines El Burlón and El Cascabel."
}
] |
CS7mJOrqLedXgPZgt0ln
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "Manuel de Falla never married and had no children."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Recordings by Falla",
"text": "Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Manuel de Falla 1876–1946 Grabaciones históricas; Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía. (Almaviva, HOM13080) (ref) Rollos de Pianola (Obras de Albéniz, Granados, Turina, Ocón, Chapí, Alonso y Otros) (Almaviva, DS - 0141) ASIN B000GI34D6"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Falla was born Manuel María de los Dolores Falla y Matheu in Cádiz."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "That same year he started to use de with his first surname, making Manuel de Falla"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Granada period",
"text": "From 1921 to 1939 Manuel de Falla lived in Granada, where he organized the Concurso de Cante Jondo in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "One of the lasting honors to his memory is the Manuel de Falla Chair of Music in the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters at Complutense University of Madrid."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "At age 15 he became interested in literature and journalism and founded the literary magazines El Burlón and El Cascabel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Manuel de Falla y Matheu (Spanish pronunciation: [maˈnwel ðe ˈfaʎa], 23 November 1876 – 14 November 1946) was a Spanish composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Madrid",
"text": "Falla then began his collaboration with composer Amadeo Vives on the zarzuelas Prisionero de guerra, El cornetín de órdenes and La cruz de Malta (only fragments of these works survive)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Argentina",
"text": "His health began to decline and he moved to a house in the mountains where he was tended by his sister María del Carmen de Falla (1882–1971)."
}
] |
Manuel de Falla did create magazines when he was a teenager.
| 0 | 0 |
Manuel de Falla
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart \"2-D\" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel Hobbs."
}
] |
CTAgChSrgtnOsOJUb9pQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Members",
"text": "the notion of what a band could be.\" Live Band Members"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Plastic Beach and The Fall (2008–13)",
"text": "Hewlett returned to direct the single's music video, featuring fictionalized animated versions of Murphy and André interacting with the virtual Gorillaz band members."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Gorillaz (2000–03)",
"text": "At the 2002 Brit Awards the virtual members of Gorillaz \"performed\" for the first time, appearing in 3D animation on four large screens along with rap accompaniment by Phi Life Cypher, a production which reportedly cost £300,000 to create."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band primarily consists of four animated members: Stuart \"2-D\" Pot, Murdoc Niccals, Noodle, and Russel Hobbs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Plastic Beach and The Fall (2008–13)",
"text": "Drawing upon environmentalist themes, Plastic Beach was inspired by the idea of a \"secret floating island deep in the South Pacific... made up of the detritus, debris and washed up remnants of humanity\" inspired by marine pollution such as plastic that Albarn had found in a beach near one of his homes in Devon as well as the Great Pacific garbage patch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gorillaz has presented itself live in a variety of different ways throughout the band's history, such as hiding the live band from the audience's view in the early years of the project, displaying holographic animated band members on stage via computer graphics and traditional live touring featuring a fully visible live band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Plastic Beach and The Fall (2008–13)",
"text": "Unlike previous Gorillaz albums, Albarn made the decision to produce Plastic Beach by himself, with no co-producer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Creation (1990–1999)",
"text": "Hewlett had recently broken up with Olliver and Albarn"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demon Days (2004–07)",
"text": "so any bass frequencies would just mess up the illusion completely."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Plastic Beach and The Fall (2008–13)",
"text": "Albarn explained the expanded roster of featured artists represented his and Hewlett's new vision of Gorillaz as a project, explaining in a July 2008 interview that \"Gorillaz now to us is not like four animated characters any more"
}
] |
Gorillaz is made up of 4 animated members.
| 0 | 0 |
Gorillaz
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "As a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop."
}
] |
CTlTzAf2deFX2Od3CItL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting career",
"text": "He said it was a representation of growing up in Detroit rather than an account of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "As a child he was interested in storytelling, aspiring to be a comic-book artist before discovering hip hop."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Allegations of homophobia",
"text": "Eminem denies the charge, saying that when he was growing up words such as \"faggot\" and \"queer\" were used generally in a derogatory manner and not specifically toward homosexuals."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Shady Records",
"text": "After their debut, D12 took a three-year break from the studio."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Comparisons with other artists",
"text": "Rapper Asher Roth has been compared to Eminem, and Roth devoted a song on his album (\" As I Em\") to him, which he took offense to."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Although he was interested in English, he never explored literature (preferring comic books) and disliked math and social studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Allegations of homophobia",
"text": "Eminem: Yeah, this scene I came up in."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Eminem spent much of his youth in a working-class, primarily black, Detroit neighborhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Shady Records",
"text": "On December 5, 2006, the compilation album Eminem Presents: The Re-Up was released on Shady Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2009: Comeback, Relapse and Relapse: Refill",
"text": "Dre will end up producing the majority of the tracks on 'Relapse'."
}
] |
Eminem took interest in storytelling when he was growing up in Detroit.
| 2 | 5 |
Eminem
|
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