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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow which features Native American characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The epic relates the fictional adventures of an Ojibwe warrior named Hiawatha and the tragedy of his love for Minnehaha, a Dakota woman."
}
] |
IPSv0JzTBzHZUiHh4yjb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Longfellow's poem is based on oral traditions surrounding the figure of Manabozho, but it also contains his own innovations."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "1855 December 28. \" Longfellow's Poem\": The Song of Hiawatha, Anonymous review."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow which features Native American characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "The Grolier Club named The Song of Hiawatha the most influential book of 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "He claimed The Song of Hiawatha was \"Plagiarism\" in the Washington National Intelligencer of November 27, 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication and plot",
"text": "The poem was published on November 10, 1855, by Ticknor and Fields and was an immediate success."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "The anonymous reviewer judged that the poem \"is entitled to commendation\" for \"embalming pleasantly enough the monstrous traditions of an uninteresting, and, one may almost say, a justly exterminated race."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Historical Iroquois Hiawatha",
"text": "In his notes to the poem, Longfellow cites Schoolcraft as a source for a tradition prevalent among the North American Indians, of a personage of miraculous birth, who was sent among them to clear their rivers, forests, and fishing-grounds, and to teach them the arts of peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Historical Iroquois Hiawatha",
"text": "\"In 1856, Schoolcraft published The Myth of Hiawatha and Other Oral Legends Mythologic and Allegoric of the North American Indians, reprinting (with a few changes) stories previously published in his Algic Researches and other works."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Parodies",
"text": "This was Pocahontas: or the Gentle Savage, a comic extravaganza which included extracts from an imaginary Viking poem, \"burlesquing the recent parodies, good, bad, and indifferent, on The Song of Hiawatha."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The epic relates the fictional adventures of an Ojibwe warrior named Hiawatha and the tragedy of his love for Minnehaha, a Dakota woman."
}
] |
The 1855 poem Song of Hiawatha is based offed oral traditions.
| 0 | 0 |
The Song of Hiawatha
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He caught cold at rehearsals for The Iron Chest, and died on 15 or 16 March 1796."
}
] |
IPZwp6bgQfgx3D5X72ih
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The work was given as a Benefit Performance for Storace's widow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen John Seymour Storace (4 April 1762 – 19 March 1796) was an English composer."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Stephen Storace's first job at Drury Lane was to make an \"English\" version of Dittersdorf's German Singspiel Doktor und Apotheker, which appeared in English as Doctor & Apothecary in 1787 in Storace's version."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "She was singing the prima buffa role and collapsed on-stage in mid-aria, causing the performance to be abandoned."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "la ricuperata salute di Ofelia, composed specially for the occasion by a trio of composers – Mozart, Salieri, and the unknown \"Cornetti\" (which may have been a pen-name for Stephen, Salieri, or even perhaps Emperor Joseph II)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "It is unclear how Stephen obtained his first commission to compose an Italian opera for the Viennese stage, but the commission was most likely obtained by Nancy sometime in the fall of 1784, with Stephen arriving in Vienna sometime in late December of that same year."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Stephen was remembered – if at all – as an infant prodigy violinist at Vauxhall Gardens, and found it very hard to secure paying work without the cherubic charm of youth behind him, and moreover as an unknown composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "Stephen Storace returned to England sometime between the years of 1780 and 1782, most likely to settle his father's affairs after his death in Naples, which probably happened around 1780–1781."
},
{
"section_header": "The English Operas, 1787–1796",
"text": "Both Nancy and Stephen imagined they might find work at the King's Theatre, which was – at that time – the home of the Royal Italian Opera, a troupe which enjoyed a Royal monopoly on the presentation of Italian opera, and in fact of any musical works which were through-composed without dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Early professional employment in Vienna, 1785–1787",
"text": "The \"English circle\" in Vienna also included the composer Thomas Attwood."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He caught cold at rehearsals for The Iron Chest, and died on 15 or 16 March 1796."
}
] |
English composer Stephen Storace's cause of death was a virus.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen Storace
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "The film's success at the box office brought numerous awards for screenwriting and directing, but none for Clift himself."
}
] |
IPy5DgPcL76bk5VqepRi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "By the time Clift was making John Huston's Freud: The Secret Passion (1962), his self-destructive lifestyle and behaviour were affecting his health."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "Clift then co-starred in John Huston's The Misfits (1961), which was the final film of both Marilyn Monroe and Clark Gable."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "He worked extensively on his character, and was again nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "Barred from feature films, Clift turned to voice work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "A critical and a commerical success, the film was nominated for two Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "As a consequence, he was unable to find film work for four years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "On January 13, 1963, a few weeks after the initial release of Freud, Clift appeared on the live TV discussion programme The Hy Gardner Show, where he spoke at length about the release of his current film, his film career, and treatment by the press."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In 1960, Clift was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6104 Hollywood Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "In 1958, Clift turned down what became Dean Martin's role as \"Dude\" in Rio Bravo, which would have reunited him with his co-stars from Red River, John Wayne and Walter Brennan, as well as with Howard Hawks, the director of both films."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with Marlon Brando and James Dean, Clift was one of the original method actors in Hollywood; he was one of the first actors to be invited to study in the Actors Studio with Lee Strasberg and Elia Kazan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "The film's success at the box office brought numerous awards for screenwriting and directing, but none for Clift himself."
}
] |
Clift was not nominated for his work on John Huston's 1962 film Freud: The Secret Passion.
| 2 | 5 |
Montgomery Clift
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants."
}
] |
IQPtaTY5ifTDfh0kwByO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Paleozoic",
"text": "Gigantopterids are a group of extinct seed plants that share many morphological traits with flowering plants, although they are not known to have been flowering plants themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "The rest include a paraphyletic grouping of early branching taxa known collectively as the basal angiosperms, plus the families Ceratophyllaceae and Chloranthaceae."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The remaining 5 clades contain a little over 250 species in total; i.e. less than 0.1% of flowering plant diversity, divided among 9 families."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "Of the remaining dicot species, most belong to a third major clade known as the magnoliids, containing about 9,000 species."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "This compares to around 12,000 species of moss or 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that the flowering plants are much more diverse."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ancestors of flowering plants diverged from gymnosperms in the Triassic Period, 245 to 202 million years ago (mya), and the first flowering plants are known from ~140 mya."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The diversity of flowering plants is not evenly distributed."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Triassic and Jurassic",
"text": "One study has suggested that the early-middle Jurassic plant Schmeissneria, traditionally considered a type of ginkgo, may be the earliest known angiosperm, or at least a close relative."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants."
}
] |
The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species, but do not produce seeds.
| 0 | 0 |
Flowering plant
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Sr. The Aguinaldo family was quite well-to-do, as his father, Carlos J. Aguinaldo was the community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal governor) in the Spanish colonial administration and his grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and Maria Jamir-Aguinaldo."
}
] |
IQudRgUShL4AFSOE6ver
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (Spanish pronunciation: [eˈmi.ljo a.ɣiˈnal.do]: March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino revolutionary, politician and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest President of the Philippines (1899–1901) and first president of a constitutional republic in Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": ", Fairbanks poses and speaks for the camera as he talks with former Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of the First Philippine Republic and Philippine-American War",
"text": "On November 13, 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo disbanded the regular Filipino army and decreed that guerrilla war would henceforth be the strategy."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of the First Philippine Republic and Philippine-American War",
"text": "The First Philippine Republic was formally established with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution on January 21, 1899 in Malolos, Bulacan and endured until capture of Emilio Aguinaldo by the American forces on March 23, 1901 in Palanan, Isabela, which effectively dissolved the First Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "In 1985, BRP Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (PG-140) was launched and became the lead ship of the General Emilio Aguinaldo class patrol vessel of the Philippine Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Post-American era",
"text": "In 1950, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Aguinaldo as a member of the Philippine Council of State, where he served a full term."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Final plan to defeat the Spaniards and the arrival of the Americans",
"text": "In August 1898, life in Intramuros (the walled center of Manila), where the normal population of about ten thousand had swelled to about seventy thousand, had become unbearable."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary and political career | Retreat to Montalban",
"text": "In late May 1897, with good concealment of retreating soldiers, Aguinaldo, managed to evade the Spanish to establish a link up with Gen. Mamerto Natividad."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "In 1957, Emilio Aguinaldo College was established as a private, non-sectarian institute of education and named after Emilio Aguinaldo."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency of the First Philippine Republic and Philippine-American War",
"text": "On April 19, 1901, Aguinaldo took an oath of allegiance to the United States, formally ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Sr. The Aguinaldo family was quite well-to-do, as his father, Carlos J. Aguinaldo was the community's appointed gobernadorcillo (municipal governor) in the Spanish colonial administration and his grandparents Eugenio K. Aguinaldo and Maria Jamir-Aguinaldo."
}
] |
Emilio Aguinaldo grew up in poverty, but persevered to become the Philippines youngest president.
| 1 | 4 |
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation."
}
] |
IQwY2NzoP0KQX9UHMzQ2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government | Military and foreign relations",
"text": "Egypt is a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement and the United Nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "Ethnic Egyptians are by far the largest ethnic group in the country, constituting 99.7% of the total population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Arab Republic of Egypt (1953–present) | President Mubarak (1981–2011)",
"text": "Serious damage was done to the largest sector of Egypt's economy—tourism—and in turn to the government, but it also devastated the livelihoods of many of the people on whom the group depended for support."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Apart from small and well-studied groups like amphibians, birds, fish, mammals and reptiles, the many of those numbers are likely to increase as further species are recorded from Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistory and Ancient Egypt | Achaemenid Egypt",
"text": "I Soter, founded the Ptolemaic dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Museums",
"text": "It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military and foreign relations",
"text": "It is also a member of the Organisation internationale de la francophonie, since 1983."
}
] |
Egypt is a founding member of many groups.
| 0 | 3 |
Egypt
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "All-American. The White Sox made Baines the first overall selection in the 1977 amateur draft."
}
] |
IRjuV9Y3fHK6RxYNGXa2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The owner of the White Sox at the time, Bill Veeck, had spotted Baines playing Little League ball years before at the age of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "After the trade, the White Sox retired Baines's #3 on August 20, 1989, a rare occurrence for a player who was still active in the major leagues (the number would be \"un-retired\" each time Baines returned to the White Sox, and he wore it as a coach)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "All-American. The White Sox made Baines the first overall selection in the 1977 amateur draft."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baines also led the major leagues in hits as a DH (1,688) until the mark was surpassed by Ortiz in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "His final contract with the White Sox was not renewed following the 2001 season, after his third stint with the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Douglas Baines (born March 15, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter (DH), who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and Cleveland Indians, for 22 seasons (1980–2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He held the mark for career home runs as a DH (236) until Edgar Martínez passed him in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He held the White Sox team record for career home runs from 1987 until Carlton Fisk passed him in 1990; Baines’s eventual total of 221 remains the club record for left-handed hitters, as do his 981 RBI, and 585 extra base hits with the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "In 1984, baseball writer Bill James called Baines his favorite opposing player to watch, saying, \"He is gorgeous, absolutely complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His 1,643 games as a DH were a big league record until David Ortiz broke that record in 2014."
}
] |
The Bill Veeck was unsure if Harold Baines was major league material, and held off on choosing him for the White Sox during player selection until the final round.
| 4 | 6 |
Harold Baines
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year."
}
] |
IRp5QdFm9SWf2peXL1IZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a variety of character roles in the following decade, Hurt earned his fourth Academy Award nomination for his supporting performance in David Cronenberg's crime thriller A History of Violence (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He has received three additional Oscar nominations: Best Actor for Children of a Lesser God (1986) and Broadcast News (1987; he was thus nominated for Best Actor for three consecutive years) and Best Supporting Actor for A History Of Violence (2005)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Often cast as an intellectual, Hurt has starred as such in films such as Lost in Space, but has also been effective in other kinds of role, as in I Love You to Death and David Cronenberg's psychological drama A History of Violence (2005), where in less than 10 minutes of screen time he plays the creepy mob boss, Richie Cusack."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his parents divorced, his mother married Henry Luce III (a son of publisher Henry Luce) during Hurt's childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Hurt's 2009 Sundance film The Yellow Handkerchief was released in theaters on February 26, 2010, by Samuel Goldwyn Films."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jennings became pregnant in the spring of 1982, which precipitated Hurt's divorce from Mary Beth Hurt, after which Hurt and Jennings relocated to South Carolina, a state that recognized common-law marriages."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The New York court did not recognize common-law marriage, was reluctant to recognize a common-law marriage originating in South Carolina, and found in Hurt's favor that no common-law marriage existed."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In response to the accusations aired on CNN on April 13, 2009, Hurt's agent declined to respond, but Hurt issued a statement the following day, which said: \"My own recollection is that we both apologized and both did a great deal to heal our lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hurt made his film debut in 1980 as a troubled scientist in Ken Russell's science-fiction feature Altered States, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for New Star of the Year."
}
] |
Hurt's 1st movie was A History of Violence.
| 0 | 0 |
William Hurt
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "In April 2014, the Warriors began the purchase process for a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site in Mission Bay, San Francisco, to hold a new 18,000-seat arena, which was expected to be ready beginning with the 2019–20 NBA season."
}
] |
IS3ke54P7xheGUu0r0iC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "Although the Warriors considered a name change, possibly returning to their former name of San Francisco Warriors, it was ultimately decided that they would remain the Golden State Warriors upon their return to San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Golden State Warriors are an American professional basketball team based in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1959–1965: The Wilt Chamberlain era",
"text": "In 1962, Franklin Mieuli purchased the majority shares of the team and relocated the franchise to the San Francisco Bay Area, renaming them the San Francisco Warriors."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "In April 2014, the Warriors began the purchase process for a 12-acre (4.9 ha) site in Mission Bay, San Francisco, to hold a new 18,000-seat arena, which was expected to be ready beginning with the 2019–20 NBA season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Founded in 1946 in Philadelphia, the Warriors moved to the San Francisco Bay Area in 1962 and took the city's name, before changing its geographic moniker to Golden State in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 2009–present: Stephen Curry era | Move from Oakland back to San Francisco",
"text": "The new location, which still faced some vocal opposition in San Francisco, eliminated the need for voter approval as required with the original site."
},
{
"section_header": "Season-by-season record",
"text": "For the full season-by-season history, see List of Golden State Warriors seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1965–1978: Thurmond and Barry",
"text": "The franchise adopted its brand name Golden State Warriors prior to the 1971–72 season, in order to suggest that the team represented the entire state of California."
},
{
"section_header": "Players | Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame members",
"text": "Rodgers' tenure was evenly divided between Philadelphia and San Francisco, and"
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history | 1959–1965: The Wilt Chamberlain era",
"text": "The Warriors played most of their home games at the Cow Palace in Daly City (the facility lies just south of the San Francisco city limits) from 1962 to 1964 and the San Francisco Civic Auditorium from 1964 to 1966, though occasionally playing home games in nearby cities such as Oakland and San Jose."
}
] |
In 2014 the Golden State Warriors relocated to San Francisco.
| 0 | 0 |
Golden State Warriors
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "As of May 8, 2013, Life of Pi has grossed US$124,772,844 in North America, and US$484,029,542 in other countries, for a worldwide total of US$609,006,177."
}
] |
ISQwoaoa0C4KJ0ffzmzN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Theatrical release",
"text": "Life of Pi had a wide release in the United States on November 21, 2012, in both traditional and 3D viewing formats."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "During its opening on the extended Thanksgiving weekend, the film debuted in 2,902 theaters throughout the United States and Canada and grossed US$30,573,101."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production and casting",
"text": "He justified the cut by stating that he did it \"to be consistent with the other casting choices made for the film, I decided to go with an entirely international cast.\" Like Shahrukh Khan, Lee described Maguire's presence also as \"too jarringly recognizable.\" He reshot the scenes with Rafe Spall in the role of the book's actual author."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Lee stated that water was a major inspiration behind making the film in 3-D: \"I thought this was a pretty impossible movie to make technically."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Nick Schager of The Village Voice also panned the film stating \"A stacked-deck theological inquiry filtered through a Titanic-by-way-of–Slumdog Millionaire narrative, Life of Pi manages occasional spiritual wonder through its 3-D visuals but otherwise sinks like a stone.\" Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film 2 out of 5 stars, and states \"despite some lovely images and those eyepopping effects, it is a shallow and self-important shaggy-dog story – or shaggy-tiger story ... It deserves every technical prize going."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Marketing",
"text": "They said that Life of Pi could have ended up like Hugo by \"failing to connect with moviegoers\" and become a \"financial failure.\" Similar speculation had been made by other news sources."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "We looked at each other and thought that was a pretty good question.\" He also stated that during these meetings, Lee said, \"'I look forward to making art with you.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\" Following the premiere of the film, Lee stated that his desire to take risks and chances helped with his direction, saying \"In a strange way it did feel like we're the vessels, we have to surrender to movie god."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Controversies and animal abuse allegations",
"text": "This sparked a demonstration of nearly 500 VFX artists who protested outside the 2013 Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "The British Film Institute's Sight & Sound magazine suggested that, \"Life of Pi can be seen as the film Rhythm & Hues has been building up to all these years, by taking things they learned from each production from Cats & Dogs to Yogi Bear, integrating their animals in different situations and environments, pushing them to do more, and understanding how all of this can succeed both visually and dramatically.\"Artist"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "As of May 8, 2013, Life of Pi has grossed US$124,772,844 in North America, and US$484,029,542 in other countries, for a worldwide total of US$609,006,177."
}
] |
The film Life of PI made more money in the United States than outside of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Life of Pi (film)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performing career",
"text": "His technique was brilliant and finely honed, and in this respect he is the first modern violinist, whose technique was without the shortcomings of some earlier artists."
}
] |
IV2Dqp2r7ei5MrrPxCro
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "The boy grew up to be a blacksmith."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "Thus, goes the legend, came the first violin to the Ardennes and to the Ysaÿe family."
},
{
"section_header": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection",
"text": "The Eugène Ysaÿe Collection, housed in the Music Division of the Royal Library of Belgium, combines four decades of purchases with a donation made by the Ysaÿe family in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "As violinist Arnold Steinhardt recounts, a legend was passed down through the Ysaÿe family about the first violin brought to the lineage: It was told of a boy whom some woodcutters found in the forest and brought to the village."
},
{
"section_header": "Legend of the Ysaÿe violin",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe came from a background of \"artisans\", though a large part of his family played instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Joseph Szigeti considered those two dedications particularly stand out in demonstrating the enormous respect in which Ysaÿe was held."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Eugène Ysaÿe was also close friends with Queen Elisabeth of Belgium, whom he taught violin despite her lack of talent."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected discography",
"text": "[Released on CD, Sony Classical MHK 62337, 1996]"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His brother was pianist and composer Théo Ysaÿe (1865–1918), and his great-grandson is Marc Ysaÿe, founder-controller of radio Classic 21 and drummer of rock band Machiavel."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She also hosted and performed on a classical radio program on CKAR Radio in Huntsville, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Performing career",
"text": "His technique was brilliant and finely honed, and in this respect he is the first modern violinist, whose technique was without the shortcomings of some earlier artists."
}
] |
Eugène Ysaÿe is considered by some to be the first violin player to fully embrace methods to make up for classical failures of methodology.
| 0 | 0 |
Eugène Ysaÿe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
}
] |
IV3eONJgM8DaI7QmJI7H
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Linda Kelly, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, A Life (Sinclair-Stevenson 1997)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The Rivals (New Mermaids 1979, Elizabeth Duthie, Ed.)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rivals is a comedy of manners by Richard Brinsley Sheridan in five acts which was first performed at Covent Garden Theatre on 17 January 1775."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Brooke Allen, The Scholar of Scandal, a review of Fintan O’Toole, The Traitor's Kiss: Brooke Allen, The Scholar of Scandal, a review of Fintan O’Toole, The Traitor's Kiss: The Life of Richard Brinsley Sheridan, 1751–1816 (Farrar, Straus & Giroux 1998), at New Criterion. Richard Brinsley Sheridan (1751–1816) at Theatre History."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "It became a standard show in the repertoires of 19th-century companies in England and the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He makes a great show of submission to his father, and is presented to Lydia with Mrs. Malaprop's blessing."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reception",
"text": "Sheridan also apologised for any impression that O'Trigger was intended as an insult to Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Jack Absolute Flies Again (forthcoming play)",
"text": "A new adaptation written by Richard Bean and Oliver Chris titled Jack Absolute Flies"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Finally, in need of funds, Richard turned to the only craft that could gain him the remuneration he desired in a short time: he began writing a play."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "Instead, the Sheridans lived beyond their means as they entertained the gentry and nobility with Eliza's singing (in private parties) and Richard's wit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Production",
"text": "The Rivals was Sheridan's first play."
}
] |
This was the debut show by Richard Sheridan.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rivals
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
}
] |
IVLa1dgh2E4Y7DK1hFWS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's additional screen credits include All the President's Men (1976), Kramer vs. Kramer (1979), and Testament (1983), all of which earned her Oscar nods, Brubaker (1980), The Cider House Rules (1999), and Fur (2006), in which she played Gertrude Nemerov, mother of Diane Arbus, played in the film by Nicole Kidman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1979, the Supersisters trading card set was produced and distributed; one of the cards featured Alexander's name and picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Between the two, they have four children, Alexander's son Jace and Sherin's three sons, Tony, Geoffrey, and Jon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's major break in acting came in 1967 when she played Eleanor Backman in the original production of Howard Sackler's The Great White Hope at Arena Stage in Washington, DC."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander portrayed Eleanor Roosevelt in two television productions, Eleanor and Franklin (1976) and Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years (1977); she also played FDR's mother, Sara Delano Roosevelt, in HBO's Warm Springs (2005) with Kenneth Branagh and Cynthia Nixon, a role which garnered her an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander's other television films include Arthur Miller's Playing for Time, co-starring Vanessa Redgrave, for which Alexander won another Emmy Award; Malice in Wonderland (as famed gossip-monger Hedda Hopper); Blood & Orchids; and In Love and War (1987) co-starring James Woods, which tells the story of James and Sybil Stockdale during Stockdale's eight years as a US prisoner of war in Vietnam."
}
] |
Jane Alexander's mother was a health care worker.
| 3 | 6 |
Jane Alexander
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stands as a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914–1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the third Anglo-Afghan War."
}
] |
IVVtpvg3EuXfwnx3YZvq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Amar Jawan Jyoti",
"text": "It is manned round the clock by the Indian armed forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure | Inscriptions",
"text": "13,218 war dead are commemorated by their names on the gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Amar Jawan Jyoti",
"text": "Since the installation of the Amar Jawan Jyoti, it has served as India's tomb of the unknown soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure",
"text": "He was a member of the I.W.G.C., and one of Europe's foremost designers of war graves and memorials."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This structure, called Amar Jawan Jyoti (Flame of the Immortal Soldier), has since 1971 served as India's tomb of the unknown soldier."
},
{
"section_header": "Amar Jawan Jyoti",
"text": "Wreaths are placed at the Amar Jawan Jyoti every Republic Day, Vijay Diwas, and Infantry Day by the Prime Minister and the Chiefs of the Armed Forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The India Gate (originally the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the \"ceremonial axis\" of New Delhi, formerly called Kingsway."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In a ceremony, India's high commissioner to the United Kingdom laid a wreath at the arch in Leicester and the British high commissioner to India laid one at the India Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stands as a memorial to 70,000 soldiers of the British Indian Army who died in between 1914–1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East Africa, Gallipoli and elsewhere in the Near and the Far East, and the third Anglo-Afghan War."
},
{
"section_header": "National War Memorial",
"text": "The National War Memorial was completed in January 2019."
}
] |
The India Gate is a war memorial that commemorates the all the members of India's armed forces who have died while serving their country.
| 2 | 2 |
India Gate
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "In a 2006 interview with Esquire magazine, McGraw, stated he would like to run for public office as a Democratic Party candidate, possibly for United States Senate or Governor of Tennessee, his home state."
}
] |
IWeRm9d2iaogav4nqQoH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "In a 2008 interview with People magazine, McGraw referred to himself as a \"Blue Dog Democrat\" and stated his and his family's support for Barack Obama."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "In a 2006 interview with Esquire magazine, McGraw, stated he would like to run for public office as a Democratic Party candidate, possibly for United States Senate or Governor of Tennessee, his home state."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "McGraw made his debut with the single"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "McGraw came to the attention of Curb Records in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "After cutting a demo single, McGraw gave a copy to his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "All of the Dancehall Doctors have worked with McGraw since at least 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "In 2002, McGraw bucked country music traditions by recording his seventh studio album Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors with his tour band The Dancehall Doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "Three more singles were released from Tim McGraw: \"Welcome to the Club\", \"Memory Lane\", and \"Two Steppin' Mind\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "McGraw chose to use his own touring band, in order to recognize their part in his success, and to capture some of the feel of a real band."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Southern Voice",
"text": "McGraw did not approve of the release."
}
] |
McGraw is a Democrat.
| 0 | 0 |
Tim McGraw
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
}
] |
IXVvL9olsQldNvklx9Xd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Alexander (born October 28, 1939) is an American author, actress, and former director of the National Endowment for the Arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alexander was born Jane Quigley in Boston, Massachusetts, daughter of Ruth Elizabeth (née Pearson), a nurse, and Thomas B. Quigley, an orthopedic surgeon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Like her co-star, James Earl Jones, she went on to play the part both on Broadway (1968), winning a Tony Award for her performance, and in the film version (1970), which earned her an Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander made her Broadway debut in 1968 in The Great White Hope and won the 1969 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Alexander portrayed Eleanor Roosevelt in two television productions, Eleanor and Franklin (1976) and Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years (1977); she also played FDR's mother, Sara Delano Roosevelt, in HBO's Warm Springs (2005) with Kenneth Branagh and Cynthia Nixon, a role which garnered her an Emmy Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is a Tony Award winner and two-time Emmy Award winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Encouraged by her father to go to college before embarking on an acting career, Alexander attended Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York, where she concentrated on theater, but also studied mathematics with an eye toward computer programming, in the event that she failed as an actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has received a total of seven Tony Award nominations and was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1994.She went on to star in the film version of The Great White Hope in 1970 and received the first of four Academy Award nominations for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She serves on various boards, including the Wildlife Conservation Society, the National Audubon Society, Project Greenhope, the National Stroke Association, and Women's Action for Nuclear Disarmament, and she has received the Israel Cultural Award and the Helen Caldicott Leadership Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has won two Emmys for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Playing for Time (1980) and Warm Springs (2005)."
}
] |
Jane Alexander is an award winning actress and was born Janice Hickenbottam.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Alexander
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
}
] |
IXlUkgBluBMVcaOnyA61
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Nevertheless, this document was the original inspiration for naming the American continent in honour of Amerigo Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Within a year of publication, twelve editions were printed including translations into Italian, French, German, Dutch and other languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "According to the Tradition of Ptolemy and the Contributions of Amerigo Vespucci and Others."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "Their objective in Paris was to obtain French support for Florence's war with Naples."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "Although Amerigo was ten years older, they had been schoolmates under the tutelage of Giorgio Antonio Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Family and education",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci was the third son of Nastagio Vespucci, a Florentine notary for the Money-Changers Guild, and Lisa di Giovanni Mini."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "In 1478, Guido Antonio Vespucci led a Florentine diplomatic mission to Paris and invited his younger cousin, Amerigo Vespucci, to join him."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "The Soderini Letter (1505) came to the attention of a group of humanist scholars studying geography in Saint-Dié, a small French town in the Duchy of Lorraine."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "In 1506, they obtained a French translation of the Soderini Letter as well as a Portuguese maritime map that detailed the coast of lands recently discovered in the western Atlantic."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "After his return from Paris, Amerigo worked for a time with his father and continued his studies in science."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
}
] |
Amerigo Vespucci was a French nobleman.
| 0 | 1 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1940 to 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reese is also famous for his support of his teammate Jackie Robinson, the first African American player in the major leagues's modern era, especially in Robinson's difficult first years."
}
] |
IYBnzvSHMgH6OHApjieo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Reese's nickname originated in his childhood, as he was a champion marbles player (a \"pee wee\" is a small marble)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Peter Henry \"Pee Wee\" Reese (July 23, 1918 – August 14, 1999) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Comics – The Chabad Lubavitch Hasidic movement commissioned a comic strip featuring a character based on Pee Wee Reese, the style of the strip was in the visual style of Chester Gould's Dick Tracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Jackie Robinson",
"text": "Their rapport soon led shortstop Reese and second baseman Robinson to become one of the most effective defensive pairs in the sport's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Jackie Robinson",
"text": "In the spring of 1947, some Dodgers players began circulating a petition when word spread that Brooklyn intended to bring Jackie Robinson up from their farm team in Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Jackie Robinson",
"text": "During pre-game infield practice at Crosley Field (the then-home of the Cincinnati Reds), Reese, the captain of the team, went over to Robinson, engaged him in conversation, and put his arm around his shoulder in a gesture of support that silenced the crowd. (According to a 2013 article on ESPN, Brian Cronin argues that the incident actually occurred in 1948 in Boston.)In response to Dodgers teammate Pete Reiser's comment about how democracy technically means that everybody's equal, Reese said \"We'll that's true, but Jackie is catching special hell because he's the only Black player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reese is also famous for his support of his teammate Jackie Robinson, the first African American player in the major leagues's modern era, especially in Robinson's difficult first years."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Jackie Robinson",
"text": "When a sportswriter asked Reese if he was threatened by Robinson taking his position of shortstop, Reese simply responded, \"If he can take my job, he's entitled to it.\" Reese was one of the few welcoming to Robinson, who endured horrible abuse from the crowds and fellow players, including pitchers who threw directly at his head and players who berated him with racial slurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop for the Brooklyn and Los Angeles Dodgers from 1940 to 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early playing career",
"text": "He had a thrilling moment that year, hitting a grand slam in the bottom of the ninth inning to beat the New York Giants."
}
] |
Pee Wee Reese was a teammate of Jackie Robinson and a shortstop for the Dodgers in the 40s and 50s.
| 0 | 0 |
Pee Wee Reese
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Gender relations",
"text": "In addition to exploring the trials and tribulations of achieving the American dream during the Jazz Age, The Great Gatsby explores societal gender expectations as a theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "\" In Fitzgerald's eyes, the 1920s era represented a morally permissive time when Americans of all ages became disillusioned with prevailing social norms and were monomaniacally obsessed with self-gratification: \"[The Jazz Age represented] a whole race going hedonistic, deciding on pleasure.\" Hence, The Great Gatsby represents Fitzgerald's attempt to communicate his ambivalent feelings regarding the Jazz Age, an era whose themes he would later regard as reflective of events in his own life."
}
] |
IZBpVt2boJStKmXELAcw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Fitzgerald uses many of these 1920s societal developments to tell his story, from simple details such as petting in automobiles to broader themes such as Fitzgerald's discreet allusions to bootlegging as the source of Gatsby's fortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Class inequality",
"text": "Americans living in the 1920s to the present are thus defined by their fluctuating economic and social circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "\" In Fitzgerald's eyes, the 1920s era represented a morally permissive time when Americans of all ages became disillusioned with prevailing social norms and were monomaniacally obsessed with self-gratification: \"[The Jazz Age represented] a whole race going hedonistic, deciding on pleasure.\" Hence, The Great Gatsby represents Fitzgerald's attempt to communicate his ambivalent feelings regarding the Jazz Age, an era whose themes he would later regard as reflective of events in his own life."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Gender relations",
"text": "She becomes the unwitting 'grail' in Gatsby's adolescent quest to remain ever-faithful to his seventeen-year-old conception of self.\" Daisy is thus \"reduced to a golden statue, a collector's item which crowns Gatsby's material success.\" As an upper-class white woman living in East Egg during this time period, Daisy must adhere to societal expectations and gender norms such as actively fulfilling the roles of dutiful wife, mother, keeper of the house, and charming socialite."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Gender relations",
"text": "In addition to exploring the trials and tribulations of achieving the American dream during the Jazz Age, The Great Gatsby explores societal gender expectations as a theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Gender relations",
"text": "Many of Daisy's choices—ultimately culminating in the tragedy of the ending and misery for all those involved—can be partly attributed to her prescribed role as a \"beautiful little fool\" who is reliant on her husband for financial and societal security."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival and reassessment",
"text": "The Great Gatsby was one of these books."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Her name is a play on the two popular automobile brands, the Jordan Motor Car Company and the Baker Motor Vehicle, both of Cleveland, Ohio, alluding to Jordan's \"fast\" reputation and the new freedom presented to Americans, especially women, in the 1920s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In its first year, the book sold only 20,000 copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "Further, he refused $10,000 for the serial rights to the book so that it could be published sooner."
}
] |
The book is about 1920s societal norms.
| 2 | 2 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA."
}
] |
IZfVKpj3NJb5O1dcGz3Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would \"pick up where Steve Jobs left off\"; DONDA would operate as \"a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creative space to bounce their dreams and ideas\" with the \"goal to make products and experiences that people want and can afford."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "Contemporary critics have noted the consistent minimalistic aesthetic exhibited throughout DONDA creative projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "In stating DONDA's creative philosophy, West articulated the need to \"put creatives in a room together with like minds\" in order to \"simplify and aesthetically improve everything we see, taste, touch, and feel.\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "I am distancing myself from politics and completely focusing on being creative !!!"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mother's death",
"text": "On November 10, 2007, West's mother Donda West died at age 58."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records",
"text": "Hip Hop” Joshuato to management-production company Hip Hop Since 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2008, following the death of West's mother, the foundation was rechristened \"The Dr. Donda West Foundation."
}
] |
Kanye West created the creative content company DONDA.
| 1 | 7 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Logos and uniforms | Logos",
"text": "In 1979, the Patriots worked with NFL Properties to design a new, streamlined logo, to replace the complex Pat Patriot logo."
},
{
"section_header": "Logos and uniforms | Uniforms | Alternate uniforms",
"text": "The red alternate gained a blue outline around the numbers in 2010 and this was worn through 2012."
}
] |
Iag7AtdVIt3MNuY39bJh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The New England Patriots played their home games at Foxboro Stadium through 2001, then moved to Gillette Stadium at the start of the 2002 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Players of note | New England Patriots Hall of Fame members",
"text": "The New England Patriots feature 28 former players and two contributors in their team hall of fame, established in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Logos and uniforms | Logos",
"text": "It became popularly known as the \"Flying Elvis\" due to many observing its resemblance to the profile of a young Elvis Presley."
},
{
"section_header": "Logos and uniforms | Uniforms | 1960–1992",
"text": "In 1979, the Patriots began the first of many sporadic runs of wearing red pants with the white jerseys."
},
{
"section_header": "Players of note | New England Patriots Hall of Fame members",
"text": "In order to be eligible, players and coaches must be retired for at least four years."
},
{
"section_header": "Logos and uniforms | Logos",
"text": "In 1979, the Patriots worked with NFL Properties to design a new, streamlined logo, to replace the complex Pat Patriot logo."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Buffalo Bills",
"text": "The rivalry has remained somewhat intense in recent years with multiple players having played for both teams, the Bills usually giving their all when playing the Patriots, and the presence of Rex Ryan, who coached both the Bills and Jets and was known for his trash-talk."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise history",
"text": "The following year, the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, which would serve as their home for the next 30 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Logos and uniforms | Uniforms | Alternate uniforms",
"text": "The red alternate gained a blue outline around the numbers in 2010 and this was worn through 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cheerleaders and mascot",
"text": "The Patriots' professional cheerleading squad is the New England Patriots Cheerleaders (NEPC) which represents the team in the NFL."
}
] |
The New England Patriots have had many iterations of their logo through the years.
| 1 | 8 |
New England Patriots
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Influences",
"text": "To depict the industrial setting of Atlas Shrugged, Rand conducted research on the American railroad and steel industries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Influences",
"text": "She toured and inspected a number of industrial facilities, such as the Kaiser Steel plant, visited facilities of the New York Central Railroad, and even briefly operated a locomotive on the Twentieth Century Limited."
}
] |
Ib7k8pvdsYSjQpn87pPZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Atlas Shrugged is a 1957 novel by Ayn Rand."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Influences",
"text": "The Ayn Rand Cult and listed The Driver as one of several unacknowledged precursors to Atlas Shrugged."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Influences",
"text": "To depict the industrial setting of Atlas Shrugged, Rand conducted research on the American railroad and steel industries."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Each year, the Ayn Rand Institute donates 400,000 copies of works by Rand, including Atlas Shrugged, to high school students."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "The authorities capture Galt, but he is rescued by his partisans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Context and writing",
"text": "\" Rand then began Atlas Shrugged to depict the morality of rational self-interest, by exploring the consequences of a strike by intellectuals refusing to supply their inventions, art, business leadership, scientific research, or new ideas to the rest of the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "In response, Wyatt sets his wells on fire and disappears."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Plot",
"text": "Wyatt demands that Dagny supply adequate rails to his wells before the ruling takes effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The theme of Atlas Shrugged, as Rand described it, is \"the role of man's mind in existence\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Influence and legacy",
"text": "Modern Library's 1998 nonscientific online poll of the 100 best novels of the 20th century found Atlas rated No. 1, although it was not included on the list chosen by the Modern Library board of authors and scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Influences",
"text": "She toured and inspected a number of industrial facilities, such as the Kaiser Steel plant, visited facilities of the New York Central Railroad, and even briefly operated a locomotive on the Twentieth Century Limited."
}
] |
Atlas Shrugged was well researched by it's author, Ayn Rand.
| 0 | 0 |
Atlas Shrugged
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (In fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure, and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who developed them into new forms, resulting in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity."
}
] |
Ib87fhWe3QysGwuT3OAz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) | Young Turk movement",
"text": "The defeat and dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) began with the Second Constitutional Era, a moment of hope and promise established with the Young Turk Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Historiographical debate on the Ottoman state",
"text": "More recently, the American historian Heath Lowry called the Ottoman state a \"predatory confederacy\" led in equal parts by Turks and Greeks converted to Islam."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) | Young Turk movement",
"text": "Members of Young Turks movement who had once gone underground now established their parties."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "After the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, the Ottoman state became a constitutional monarchy."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Numerous traditions and cultural traits of previous empires (In fields such as architecture, cuisine, music, leisure, and government) were adopted by the Ottoman Turks, who developed them into new forms, resulting in a new and distinctively Ottoman cultural identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "The Ottoman Turks began using falconets, which were short but wide cannons, during the Siege of Constantinople."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Modern Ottoman studies indicate that the change in relations between the Ottoman Turks and central Europe was caused by the opening of the new sea routes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and peak (1453–1566)",
"text": "After further advances by the Turks, the Habsburg ruler Ferdinand officially recognized Ottoman ascendancy in Hungary in 1547."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) | Young Turk movement",
"text": "The Empire faced continuous unrest in the years leading up to World War I, including the Ottoman countercoup of 1909, the 31 March Incident and two further coups in 1912 and 1913."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) | Young Turk movement",
"text": "Despite military reforms which reconstituted the Ottoman Modern Army, the Empire lost its North African territories and the Dodecanese in the Italo-Turkish War (1911) and almost all of its European territories in the Balkan Wars (1912–1913)."
}
] |
The Ottoman Empire was not simply the Ottoman Turks.
| 0 | 0 |
Ottoman Empire
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "However, Carter's father died two months before construction of Seawolf began, and Carter sought and obtained a release from active duty to enable him to take over the family peanut business."
},
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "His intent was to eventually work aboard USS Seawolf, which was planned to be one of the first two U.S. nuclear submarines."
}
] |
IbBm3h7V5UCryrqnwMsp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "He served in the inactive Navy Reserve until 1961, and left the service with the rank of lieutenant."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1998, the U.S. Navy named the third and last Seawolf-class submarine honoring former President Carter and his service as a submariner officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Farming",
"text": "For a year, Jimmy, Rosalynn, and their three sons lived in public housing in Plains; Carter is the only U.S. president to have lived in subsidized housing before he took office."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Public opinion",
"text": "Carter began his term with a 66 percent approval rating, which had dropped to 34 percent approval by the time he left office, with 55 percent disapproving."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Legacy",
"text": "Although his presidency received mixed reception, his peacekeeping and humanitarian efforts since he left office have made Carter renowned as one of the most successful ex-presidents in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "He was a sprint football player for the Navy Midshipmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career, 1963–1971 | 1966 and 1970 campaigns for governor",
"text": "Carter decided to run for governor himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": "His presidential library, Jimmy Carter Library and Museum was opened in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "Carter left active duty on October 9, 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career, 1963–1971 | 1966 and 1970 campaigns for governor",
"text": "The result was a sharp blow to Carter, who was left deeply in debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "However, Carter's father died two months before construction of Seawolf began, and Carter sought and obtained a release from active duty to enable him to take over the family peanut business."
},
{
"section_header": "Naval career",
"text": "His intent was to eventually work aboard USS Seawolf, which was planned to be one of the first two U.S. nuclear submarines."
}
] |
Jimmy Carter left the Navy to run for office.
| 4 | 4 |
Jimmy Carter
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to Joy\" (German: \"An die Freude\" [an diː ˈfʁɔʏdə]) is an ode written in the summer of 1785 by German poet, playwright, and historian Friedrich Schiller and published the following year in Thalia."
}
] |
IbriowYpSahogIpOVTzn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other musical settings",
"text": "Composed in May 1815, Schubert's setting was first published in 1829 as Op."
},
{
"section_header": "The poem | Lyrics | Ode to freedom",
"text": "The lines marked with * have been revised as follows: Academic speculation remains as to whether Schiller originally wrote an \"Ode to Freedom\" (Ode an die Freiheit) and changed it to an \"Ode to Joy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other musical settings",
"text": "The New Schubert Edition groups it with the part songs in Series III (Volume 3)."
},
{
"section_header": "The poem | Lyrics | Ode to freedom",
"text": "Thayer wrote in his biography of Beethoven, \"the thought lies near that it was the early form of the poem, when it was still an 'Ode to Freedom' (not 'to Joy'), which first aroused enthusiastic admiration for it in Beethoven's mind\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Use of Beethoven's setting",
"text": "Over the years, Beethoven's \"Ode to Joy\" has remained a protest anthem and a celebration of music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to Joy\" (German: \"An die Freude\" [an diː ˈfʁɔʏdə]) is an ode written in the summer of 1785 by German poet, playwright, and historian Friedrich Schiller and published the following year in Thalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rhodesia's national anthem from 1974 until 1979, \"Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia\", used the tune of \"Ode to Joy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to Joy\" is best known for its use by Ludwig van Beethoven in the final (fourth) movement of his Ninth Symphony, completed in 1824."
},
{
"section_header": "Other musical settings",
"text": "Johann Friedrich Reichardt (1796) Ludwig-Wilhelm Tepper de Ferguson (1796) Johann Friedrich Hugo von Dalberg (1799) Johann Rudolf Zumsteeg (1803)Franz Schubert's song \"An die Freude\", D 189, for voice, unison choir and piano."
},
{
"section_header": "The poem | Lyrics | Ode to freedom",
"text": "The musicologist Alexander Rehding points out that even Bernstein, who used \"Freiheit\" in one performance in 1989, called it conjecture whether Schiller used \"joy\" as code for \"freedom\" and that scholarly consensus holds that there is no factual basis for this myth."
}
] |
Ode to Joy was a song composed by an Irishman.
| 0 | 0 |
Ode to Joy
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "The sport was unappealing to Johnson, however; instead, he began playing sandlot ball and joined his father's local amateur team the Rosedale Blues which competed against black and white teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "When Johnson was eight years old, his father began grooming him to become a pugilist."
}
] |
IcTjU0kSLVlz3oXE7We8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "The rookie ballplayer was soon adorned with the nickname \"Judy\" because of his resemblance to Chicago American Giants pitcher Judy Gans; the name stuck with Johnson for the duration of his baseball career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1975, he was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame after being nominated by the Negro Leagues Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "The sport was unappealing to Johnson, however; instead, he began playing sandlot ball and joined his father's local amateur team the Rosedale Blues which competed against black and white teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "When Johnson was eight years old, his father began grooming him to become a pugilist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Johnson had an older sister Mary Emma and a younger brother John, both of whom were named after heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson, a long-time friend of William Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Julius \"Judy\" Johnson (October 26, 1899 – June 15, 1989) was an American professional third baseman and manager whose career in Negro league baseball spanned 17 seasons, from 1921 to 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later life and legacy",
"text": "His home, the William Julius \"Judy\" Johnson House in Marshallton, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "; he taught me how to play third base and how to protect myself... John taught me more baseball than anyone else\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later life and legacy",
"text": "Due to the brief nature of Johnson's assignment, Buck O'Neil is generally credited with being the first African-American to coach in Major League Baseball (MLB).Johnson spent time scouting with the Atlanta Braves, Milwaukee Brewers, Philadelphia Phillies, and Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1950s and 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Early into his childhood, the family moved to Wilmington, Delaware; by that time his father worked at the docks as a shipbuilder and as the athletic director at the Negro Settlement House."
}
] |
Judy Johnson wanted to be a boxer but his father talked him into playing baseball instead.
| 2 | 5 |
Judy Johnson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson died at age 67 in St. Louis, Missouri, just a few hours after his successor, Ernest Barnard."
}
] |
IdC2NonRK8VKPRNBwXu0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "During this time, Johnson befriended Charles Comiskey, who was then manager of the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "The 1900 season was an unqualified success, and Johnson received a 10-year contract extension."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Because Johnson was in ill health at the time, the owners decided to put him on an indefinite sabbatical instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "By this time, Comiskey had become a bitter enemy of Johnson; the two men's once warm friendship had strained considerably."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "Contrary to the practice of the time, Johnson gave his umpires unqualified support and had little tolerance for players or managers who failed to show them due respect."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Johnson remained on good behavior for two years, even getting an extension of his contract to 1935 and a raise to $40,000 (he had previously made $25,000)."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "their manager Franklin was told right up to Jan. 29, 1901, that \"Buffalo was in the league and not to worry\", Ban Johnson unceremoniously dumped Buffalo and placed the franchise in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Landis banned two New York Giants from the Series for attempting to bribe members of the Philadelphia Phillies late in the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Johnson's authority eroded further that year when the Red Sox traded Carl Mays to the Yankees in defiance of a Johnson order to suspend him after Mays had jumped the club."
},
{
"section_header": "A baseball power",
"text": "After a two-year war in which the AL trounced the NL in attendance both seasons, the NL sued for peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson died at age 67 in St. Louis, Missouri, just a few hours after his successor, Ernest Barnard."
}
] |
Ban Johnson was fifty years old at the time of his death.
| 0 | 0 |
Ban Johnson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Chandler remained in the Senate for several months after his election as commissioner because he wanted to cast his vote on the Bretton Woods Monetary Agreement and the Charter of the United Nations."
}
] |
IdHXRyTExiVBJeCWPtso
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "As a senator, Chandler had advocated on behalf of baseball during the war, which endeared him to the owners."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "\"Also in 1947, Chandler sold the rights to broadcast the World Series on the radio for $475,000 and used the money from the contract to establish a pension fund for baseball players."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Happy\" because of his jovial nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from his political positions, he also served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | Appointment",
"text": "Later, Chandler joined with Southern senators in opposing the repeal of poll taxes, which had been long used as a mechanism to prevent blacks from voting."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Chandler remained in the Senate for several months after his election as commissioner because he wanted to cast his vote on the Bretton Woods Monetary Agreement and the Charter of the United Nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | 1955 gubernatorial campaign",
"text": "Twenty years after first holding the governorship, Chandler again entered the gubernatorial race in 1955, using the slogan \"Be like your Pappy and vote for Happy.\" His opponents in the Democratic Party, led by senator and former Governor Earle C. Clements and sitting Governor Lawrence Wetherby, had difficulty finding a candidate to oppose him."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "Following his tenure as baseball commissioner, Chandler returned to his law practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "After the death of Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis, in November 1944, John O. Gottlieb, a friend of Chandler in the US War Department, suggested Chandler as a successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He represented Kentucky in the U.S. Senate and served as its 44th and 49th governor."
}
] |
Happy Chandler was a U.S. Senator after he served as commissioner of baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Happy Chandler
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joe Leonard Morgan (born September 19, 1943) is an American former professional baseball second baseman who played Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, Cincinnati Reds, San Francisco Giants, Philadelphia Phillies, and Oakland Athletics from 1963 to 1984."
}
] |
Ie4jXsIPHBwZidlzLTxV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "And there it was, perfectly aligned—Joe Morgan the announcer arguing against Joe Morgan the player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joe Leonard Morgan (born September 19, 1943) is an American former professional baseball second baseman who played Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, Cincinnati Reds, San Francisco Giants, Philadelphia Phillies, and Oakland Athletics from 1963 to 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Legacy",
"text": "He also named Morgan as the \"greatest percentages player in baseball history\", due to his strong fielding percentage, stolen base percentage, walk-to-strikeout ratio, and walks per plate appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "In 2009, Sports Illustrated's Joe Posnanski spoke about the perceived disparity between Morgan's celebrated playing style and his on-air persona: \"The disconnect between Morgan the player and Morgan"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Legacy",
"text": "He threw out the first pitch at the Reds' first spring training game at Goodyear Ballpark on March 5, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Legacy",
"text": "In 1999, Morgan ranked Number 60 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Born in Bonham, Texas, and raised in Oakland, California, Morgan was nicknamed \"Little Joe\" for his diminutive 5'7\" stature."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Colt .45s/Astros",
"text": "Morgan played 10 seasons for Houston, compiling 72 home runs and 219 stolen bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Morgan played 2,526 games at second base, 14 games in left field, 2 games in center field and 3 games at third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | ESPN",
"text": "The first was on Wednesday, August 25 with Detroit Tigers playing against the Seattle Mariners."
}
] |
Joe Morgan was a professional baseball player that played first base.
| 2 | 5 |
Joe Morgan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from the poem \"Harlem\" (also known as \"A Dream Deferred\") by Langston Hughes."
}
] |
Ieh0KcwpwxMmTETh5K0k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "The Raisin Cycle",
"text": "The first act takes place just before the events of A Raisin in the Sun, involving the selling of the house to the black family; the second act takes place 50 years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Raisin in the Sun is a play by Lorraine Hansberry that debuted on Broadway in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title comes from the poem \"Harlem\" (also known as \"A Dream Deferred\") by Langston Hughes."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "In 2016, Claire Brennan wrote in The Guardian that \"The power and craft of the writing make A Raisin in the Sun as moving today as it was then."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "Frank Rich, writing in The New York Times in 1983, stated that A Raisin in the Sun \"changed American theater forever\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "A Raisin in the Sun was the first play written by a black woman to be produced on Broadway, as well as the first with a black director, Mr. Richards."
},
{
"section_header": "The Raisin Cycle",
"text": "The two above plays, together with the original, were referred to by Kwei-Armah as \"The Raisin Cycle\" and were produced together by Baltimore's Center Stage in the 2012–2013 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "With a cast in which all but one character is black, A Raisin in the Sun was considered a risky investment, and it took over a year for producer Philip Rose to raise enough money to launch it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production and reception",
"text": "\"In 1960 \"In 1960 A Raisin In The Sun was nominated for four Tony Awards: Best Play – written by Lorraine Hansberry; produced by Philip Rose, David J. Cogan"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the introduction by Robert B. Nemiroff, he writes that the scene is included in print because it draws attention away from a seemingly happy ending to a more violent reality inspired by Hansberry's own experiences."
}
] |
A Raisin in the Sun was inspired by a poem.
| 0 | 0 |
A Raisin in the Sun
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most rotifers are around 0.1–0.5 mm long (although their size can range from 50 μm to over 2 mm), and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few saltwater species."
}
] |
IgXzIgbmBnF5ncgXwTU5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The Rotifera, strictly speaking, are confined to the Bdelloidea and the Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Rotifera, Acanthocephala and Seisonida make up a clade called Syndermata."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "One treatment places them in the phylum Rotifera, with three classes: Seisonidea, Bdelloidea and Monogononta."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming | Etymology",
"text": "The word rotifer is derived from a Neo-Latin word meaning \"wheel-bearer\", due to the corona around the mouth that in concerted sequential motion resembles a wheel (though the organ does not actually rotate)."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "One possibility is that the Acanthocephala are closer to the Bdelloidea and Monogononta than to the Seisonidea; the corresponding names and relationships are shown in the cladogram below."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rotifers are an important part of the freshwater zooplankton, being a major foodsource and with many species also contributing to the decomposition of soil organic matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most rotifers are around 0.1–0.5 mm long (although their size can range from 50 μm to over 2 mm), and are common in freshwater environments throughout the world with a few saltwater species."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Rev. John Harris first described the rotifers (in particular a bdelloid rotifer) in 1696 as \"an animal like a large maggot which could contract itself into a spherical figure and then stretch itself out again; the end of its tail appeared with a forceps like that of an earwig\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "In 1702, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek gave a detailed description of Rotifer vulgaris and subsequently described Melicerta ringens and other species."
}
] |
Rotifera are valuable to saltwater zooplankton and their name means "wheel" and "bearing."
| 1 | 5 |
Rotifera
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was based on the 1946 short story The Wisdom of Eve by Mary Orr, although screen credit was not given for it."
}
] |
IhTqGurh5m4B2EgaGvD4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "All About Eve was ranked sixteenth on AFI's 1998 list of the 100 best American films."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was based on the 1946 short story The Wisdom of Eve by Mary Orr, although screen credit was not given for it."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The English rock band of the same name took their name from the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Later recognition and rankings",
"text": "When AFI named Bette Davis #2 on its list of the greatest female American screen legends, All About Eve was the film selected to highlight Davis' legendary career."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Later recognition and rankings",
"text": "The film has been selected by the American Film Institute for many of their 100 Years lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Writing in 2000, film critic Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times praised the film, saying Bette Davis' character \"veteran actress Margo Channing in All About Eve was her greatest role.\" Boxoffice.com stated that it \"is a classic of the American cinema – to this day the quintessential depiction of ruthless ambition in the entertainment industry, with legendary performances from Bette Davis, Anne Baxter and George Sanders anchoring one of the very best films from one of Hollywood's very best Golden Era filmmakers: Joseph L. Mankiewicz."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\" Mankiewicz presented a film treatment of the combined stories under the title Best Performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Thematic content",
"text": "However, notwithstanding those restrictions, Corber cites the film as but one example of a recurrent theme within American film of the homosexual as an emotionally bereft predator."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Referring to her only as \"the terrible girl,\" Bergner related the events to Orr, who used it as the basis for her short story"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Additionally, Bankhead's rivalry with her understudy (Lizabeth Scott) during the production of The Skin of Our Teeth is cited as an alternative hypothesis for the origin of Mary Orr's The Wisdom of Eve, the original short story that formed the basis for the film."
}
] |
All About Eve is a movie that was based on the short story of the same name and was ranked 15th best American film in 1998.
| 1 | 5 |
All About Eve
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Television | Mork & Mindy",
"text": "After the Laugh-In revival and appearing in the cast of The Richard Pryor Show on NBC, Williams was cast by Garry Marshall as the alien Mork in a 1978 episode of the TV series Happy Days, \"My Favorite Orkan\"."
}
] |
IhZQeZOwgsARoXRAG8Jc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He began performing stand-up comedy in San Francisco and Los Angeles during the mid-1970s, and rose to fame for playing the alien Mork in the sitcom Mork & Mindy (1978–1982).After"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television | Mork & Mindy",
"text": "After the Laugh-In revival and appearing in the cast of The Richard Pryor Show on NBC, Williams was cast by Garry Marshall as the alien Mork in a 1978 episode of the TV series Happy Days, \"My Favorite Orkan\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Stage work",
"text": "He headlined his own one-man show, Robin Williams: Live on Broadway, which played at the Broadway theatre in July 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television | Mork & Mindy",
"text": "Although he portrayed the same character as in Happy Days, the series was set in the present in Boulder, Colorado, instead of the late 1950s in Milwaukee."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "Williams's death instantly became global news."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "At the United Nations Headquarters on August 12, 2014, Robin Williams was celebrated during the opening of the International Youth Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and politics",
"text": "Catholic light: half the religion, half the guilt.\" He also described himself as an \"honorary Jew\", and on Israel's 60th Independence Day in 2008, he appeared in Times Square, along with several other celebrities to wish Israel a happy birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "A tunnel, painted with a rainbow, on Highway 101 north of the Golden Gate Bridge was officially named the \"Robin Williams Tunnel\" on February 29, 2016.In 2017, Sharon Meadow in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, the home of the annual Comedy Day, was renamed Robin Williams Meadow."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Young comedians felt more liberated on stage by seeing his spontaneously diverse range: \"one moment acting as a bright, mischievous child, then as a wise philosopher or alien from outer space.\" According to Judd Apatow, the eclectic performer's rapid-fire improvisational style was an inspiration as well as an influence for other comedians, but his talent was so extremely unusual no one else could possibly attempt to copy it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Stand-up comedy",
"text": "Williams' stand-up work was a consistent thread through his career, as seen by the success of his one-man show (and subsequent DVD) Robin Williams: Live on Broadway (2002)."
}
] |
Robin Williams' breakout was him playing an Alien on the sitcom Happy Days.
| 2 | 2 |
Robin Williams
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Once again frustrated with the legal problems resulting from his land claims, in 1799, Boone emigrated to eastern Missouri, where he spent most of the last two decades of his life."
}
] |
IhZzdEMRIi4MzIlRpKij
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina",
"text": "This was in the western backwoods area."
},
{
"section_header": "Businessman and politician from the Ohio River valley",
"text": "Although the war escalated and would not end until the American victory at the Battle of Fallen Timbers eight years later, the 1786 expedition was the last time Boone saw military action."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | In fiction",
"text": "After Cooper, other writers developed the Western hero, an iconic figure which began as a variation of Daniel Boone."
},
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "The couple initially lived in a cabin on his father's farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His last words were, \"I'm going now."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Symbol and stereotype",
"text": "In John A. McClung's Sketches of Western Adventure (1832), for example, Boone was portrayed as longing for the \"thrilling excitement of savage warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1862 four marble panels were added depicting scenes from Daniel and Rebecca's lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Yadkin River Valley, North Carolina | Marriage and family",
"text": "Almost every autumn, Boone would go on \"long hunts\", extended expeditions into the wilderness lasting weeks or months."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural legacy | Symbol and stereotype",
"text": "Thanks to Filson's book, in Europe, Boone became a symbol of the \"natural man\" who lives a virtuous, uncomplicated existence in the wilderness."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "In November 1782, Boone took part in another Clark expedition into Ohio, the last major campaign of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Once again frustrated with the legal problems resulting from his land claims, in 1799, Boone emigrated to eastern Missouri, where he spent most of the last two decades of his life."
}
] |
Boone lived his last years in western Kansas.
| 1 | 2 |
Daniel Boone
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Recounting the interrelated story of three veterans right after the end of World War II, The Best Years of Our Lives began filming just over seven months after the war's end, starting on April 15, 1946 at a variety of locations, including the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California, Raleigh Studios in Hollywood, and the Samuel Goldwyn/Warner Hollywood Studios."
}
] |
IhbISgUAwCDnvXqjP8Ip
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives won seven Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Director (William Wyler), Best Actor (Fredric March),"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Upon its release, The Best Years of Our Lives received extremely positive reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Best Years of Our Lives has a 96% \"Fresh\" rating at Rotten Tomatoes, based on 56 reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "On April 17, 1949, Screen Directors Playhouse presented The Best Years of Our Lives on NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "For The Best Years of Our Lives, he asked the principal actors to purchase their own clothes, in order to connect with daily life and produce an authentic feeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Recounting the interrelated story of three veterans right after the end of World War II, The Best Years of Our Lives began filming just over seven months after the war's end, starting on April 15, 1946 at a variety of locations, including the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, Ontario International Airport in Ontario, California, Raleigh Studios in Hollywood, and the Samuel Goldwyn/Warner Hollywood Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In The Best Years of Our Lives cinematographer Gregg Toland used deep focus photography, in which objects both close to and distant from the camera are in sharp focus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Popular response",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives was a massive commercial success, earning an estimated $11.5 million at the US and Canadian box office during its initial theatrical run however"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Just after the end of World War II, three returning veterans meet while flying home to Boone City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1989, The Best Years of Our Lives was one of the first 25 films selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Best Years of Our Lives (aka Glory for Me and Home Again) is a 1946 American drama film directed by William Wyler, and starring Myrna Loy, Fredric March, Dana Andrews, Teresa Wright, Virginia Mayo, and Harold Russell."
}
] |
The Best Years of Our Lives is about veterans from the Vietnam War.
| 2 | 5 |
The Best Years of Our Lives
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Types of consumption",
"text": "Milk consumption occurs in two distinct overall types: a natural source of nutrition for all infant mammals and a food product obtained from other mammals for consumption by humans of all ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of consumption | Food product for humans",
"text": "Modern industrial processes use milk to produce casein, whey protein, lactose, condensed milk, powdered milk, and many other food-additives and industrial products."
}
] |
IiMda4MQxfYix1oGI9sR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Proteins | Caseins",
"text": "There are four different types of casein proteins: αs1-, αs2-, β-, and κ-caseins."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of consumption",
"text": "Milk consumption occurs in two distinct overall types: a natural source of nutrition for all infant mammals and a food product obtained from other mammals for consumption by humans of all ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of consumption | Food product for humans",
"text": "Modern industrial processes use milk to produce casein, whey protein, lactose, condensed milk, powdered milk, and many other food-additives and industrial products."
},
{
"section_header": "Types of consumption | Food product for humans",
"text": "In many cultures, especially in the West, humans continue to consume milk beyond infancy, using the milk of other mammals (especially cattle, goats and sheep) as a food product."
},
{
"section_header": "Nutrition and health",
"text": "The composition of milk differs widely among species."
},
{
"section_header": "Nutrition and health | Lactose intolerance",
"text": "Lactose intolerance is different from a milk allergy."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Lipids",
"text": "Unlike protein and carbohydrates, fat composition in milk varies widely in the composition due to genetic, lactational, and nutritional factor difference between different species."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Sugars and carbohydrates",
"text": "Milk contains several different carbohydrate including lactose, glucose, galactose, and other oligosaccharides."
},
{
"section_header": "Nutrition and health | Nutritional value",
"text": "Processed cow's milk was formulated to contain differing amounts of fat during the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and chemical properties | Salts, minerals, and vitamins",
"text": "In addition to calcium, milk is a good source of many other vitamins."
}
] |
There are many different types of milk.
| 2 | 3 |
Milk
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It opened at the Moscow Art Theatre on 17 January 1904 in a production directed by Konstantin Stanislavski."
}
] |
IiNpIb0BXAT91Rx0PAQc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": ", The Cherry Orchard opened at The Young Vic Theatre in London on 10 October 2014"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Anya enters, declaring a rumour that the cherry orchard has been sold."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Offstage we hear the axes as they cut down the cherry orchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "An alternative view is that The Cherry Orchard was Chekhov's tribute to his own oeuvre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They all go to bed with renewed hope that the estate will be saved and the cherry orchard preserved."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Furthermore, The Cherry Orchard marked the Stratford directorial debut of John Hirsch."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Roundabout Theatre Company presented a new adaptation by Stephen Karam on Broadway at the American Airlines Theatre, starring Diane Lane as Ranevskaya."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Act II takes place outdoors in mid-summer on the family estate, near the cherry orchard."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "The Stage Center Theatre at Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, presented a new version of The Cherry Orchard, adapted and directed by Dan Wirth, in October, 2013.PK Productions will premiere a new version of The Cherry Orchard in November 2014 at the New Wimbledon Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Left alone with Ranevskaya, Trofimov insists that she finally face the truth that the house and the cherry orchard will be sold at auction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It opened at the Moscow Art Theatre on 17 January 1904 in a production directed by Konstantin Stanislavski."
}
] |
The Cherry Orchard opened in Broadway in 1905.
| 3 | 5 |
The Cherry Orchard
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow which features Native American characters."
}
] |
IiNtlEOVSAWiwJzH94Gq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Music",
"text": "The hand-colored lithograph on the cover of the printed song, by John Henry Bufford, is now much sought after."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Parodies",
"text": "\" A poem of some 200 lines, it describes Hiawatha's attempts to photograph the members of a pretentious middle-class family ending in disaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Parodies",
"text": "Parodies of the \"Song of Hiawatha\" emerged immediately on its publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "New York Times review of The Song of Hiawatha was scathing."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "The Grolier Club named The Song of Hiawatha the most influential book of 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication and plot",
"text": "The Song presents a legend of Hiawatha and his lover Minnehaha in 22 chapters (and an Introduction)."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques",
"text": "Intentionally epic in scope, The Song of Hiawatha was described by its author as \"this Indian Edda\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Reception and influence",
"text": "He claimed The Song of Hiawatha was \"Plagiarism\" in the Washington National Intelligencer of November 27, 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "1855 December 28. \" Longfellow's Poem\": The Song of Hiawatha, Anonymous review."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Music",
"text": "British rock band The Sweet reference Hiawatha and Minnehaha in their 1972 song \"Wig Wam Bam\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow which features Native American characters."
}
] |
The Song of Hiawatha was printed in the middle of the 1800s.
| 2 | 6 |
The Song of Hiawatha
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job."
}
] |
IibCNTjiq98mfqNXeWMB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 56.9 million tickets in the US.The film"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "After 115 days, it surpassed Close Encounters of the Third Kind as Columbia's biggest domestic hit of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Tootsie opened in 943 theatres in the United States and Canada and grossed $5,540,470 in its opening weekend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was a Top 40 hit in the United States and hit No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Its final gross in the United States and Canada was $177,200,000, making it the second-highest-grossing movie of 1982 after E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "was the highest-grossing film in Germany with a gross of $19 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He concluded that he had never regarded Tootsie as a comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Tootsie was selected as the No. 5 Best Comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Instead, Evans became a producer on the film, which was renamed Tootsie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tootsie is a 1982 American romantic comedy film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Dustin Hoffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film tells the story of a talented but volatile actor whose reputation for being difficult forces him to adopt a new identity as a woman in order to land a job."
}
] |
The plot of Tootsie is nothing like 2002's box office hit, Juwanna Mann.
| 0 | 2 |
Tootsie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Trematoda | Digenea",
"text": "There are about 11,000 species, more than all other platyhelminthes combined, and second only to roundworms among parasites on metazoans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning \"flat\" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning \"worm\") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates."
}
] |
IivefZPHg7S5EqfYvTnz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "Platyzoa are generally agreed to be at least closely related to the Lophotrochozoa, a superphylum that includes molluscs and annelid worms."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Trematoda | Digenea",
"text": "There are about 11,000 species, more than all other platyhelminthes combined, and second only to roundworms among parasites on metazoans."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha | Cestoda",
"text": "If the host's gut contains two or more adults of the same cestode species they generally fertilize each other, however, proglottids of the same worm can fertilize each other and even themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "It is generally agreed that the Neodermata are a sub-group a few levels down in the \"family tree\" of the Rhabditophora."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification and evolutionary relationships",
"text": "The Platyhelminthes excluding Acoelomorpha contain two main groups - Catenulida and Rhabditophora - both of which are generally agreed to be monophyletic (each contains all and only the descendants of an ancestor that is a member of the same group)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The flatworms, flat worms, Platyhelminthes, Plathelminthes, or platyhelminths (from the Greek πλατύ, platy, meaning \"flat\" and ἕλμινς (root: ἑλμινθ-), helminth-, meaning \"worm\") are a phylum of relatively simple bilaterian, unsegmented, soft-bodied invertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha | Cestoda",
"text": "The larva then makes its way to the herbivore's muscle tissue, where it metamorphoses into an oval worm about 10 millimetres (0.39 in) long, with a scolex that is kept internally."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha | Monogenea",
"text": "The name \"Monogenea\" is based on the fact that these parasites have only one nonlarval generation."
},
{
"section_header": "Major subgroups | Cercomeromorpha",
"text": "They are divided into the Monogenea and Cestoda groupings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The remaining Platyhelminthes form a monophyletic group, one that contains all and only descendants of a common ancestor that is itself a member of the group."
}
] |
This group of worms are in the general category of roundworms.
| 0 | 0 |
Platyhelminthes
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and ministry",
"text": "the young Count Mastai was engaged to be married to an Irishwoman, Miss Foster (the daughter of the Bishop of Kilmore), and arrangements were made for the wedding to take place in the Church of San Luigi Dei Francesi."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and ministry",
"text": "Mastai's parents opposed the marriage and, in the event, he did not appear at the church on the appointed day."
}
] |
IkjjojlF0QZuRdlrOdaz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sovereignty of the Papal States | Reforms in the Papal States",
"text": "Pius IX was for a time very popular throughout Italy because of his liberal policies."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Governing the church | Canonizations and beatifications",
"text": "Pope Pius IX canonized 52 saints during his pontificate."
},
{
"section_header": "Policies toward other nations | Italy",
"text": "The Pope, claiming to be above national interests, refused to go to war with Austria, which totally reversed the up to now popular view of him in his native Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Sovereignty of the Papal States",
"text": "Pius IX was not only pope, but until 1870, also the last Sovereign Ruler of the Papal States."
},
{
"section_header": "Theology | Encyclicals",
"text": "Pius IX was the first pope to popularize encyclicals on a large scale to foster his views."
},
{
"section_header": "Policies toward other nations | Italy",
"text": "Pius decided to move his residence from the Quirinal Palace inside Rome to the Vatican, where popes have lived ever since."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pius IX (Italian: Pio IX; born Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti; 13 May 1792 – 7 February 1878) was Pope from 1846, the longest-reigning Roman Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years and death",
"text": "Pius IX lived just long enough to witness the death of his old adversary, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, in January 1878."
},
{
"section_header": "Theology | Encyclicals",
"text": "Unlike popes in the 20th century, Pius IX did not use encyclicals to explain the faith, but to condemn what he considered errors."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Election",
"text": "Mastai Ferretti chose the name of Pius IX in honour of Pope Pius VII (1800–23), who had encouraged his vocation to the priesthood despite his childhood epilepsy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and ministry",
"text": "the young Count Mastai was engaged to be married to an Irishwoman, Miss Foster (the daughter of the Bishop of Kilmore), and arrangements were made for the wedding to take place in the Church of San Luigi Dei Francesi."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and ministry",
"text": "Mastai's parents opposed the marriage and, in the event, he did not appear at the church on the appointed day."
}
] |
Pope Pius IX almost married with a woman from Italy.
| 1 | 4 |
Pope Pius IX
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ryan married his high school sweetheart, the former Ruth Holdorff, on June 25, 1967."
}
] |
Il8uU64pOlzl3HzQQADv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1966, 1968–1971)",
"text": "Against the Atlanta Braves in the NLCS, Ryan completed a Mets sweep by throwing seven innings of relief in Game 3, getting his first playoff win (it took him 12 years to get another)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1966, 1968–1971)",
"text": "Ryan missed much of the 1967 season due to illness, an arm injury, and service with the Army Reserve; he pitched only 7 innings for the Mets' minor league affiliate in Jacksonville."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1966, 1968–1971)",
"text": "In five seasons with the Mets, 105 games and 74 starts, Ryan had a 29–38 record, with a 3.58 ERA, 1.39 WHIP, with 344 walks and 493 strikeouts in 511 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Amateur career",
"text": "Ryan held the school's single game strikeout record for 44 years, striking out 21 hitters in a 7-inning game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over a record 27-year career, Ryan pitched for the New York Mets, California Angels, Houston Astros, and Texas Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "He was then promoted to the Class AA Williamsport Mets of the Eastern League, where he was 0–2 with a 0.95 ERA, striking out 35 batters in 19 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In 1966, Ryan pitched for the Class A Greenville Mets of the Western Carolinas League, where he went 17–2 with a 2.51 ERA and 272 strikeouts in 183 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Overall, Ryan had 307 strikeouts in 202 minor league innings in 1966, earning a late season call-up to the New York Mets."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1966, 1968–1971)",
"text": "Ryan pitched well for the Mets in the 1969 postseason."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1966, 1968–1971)",
"text": "Then in the 1969 World Series, Ryan saved Game 3, pitching 2⅓ shutout innings against the Baltimore Orioles."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ryan married his high school sweetheart, the former Ruth Holdorff, on June 25, 1967."
}
] |
Nolan Ryan's met his wife in the freshmen year of his college.
| 2 | 7 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga was founded in April 2007 by Mark Pincus, Eric Schiermeyer, Justin Waldron, Michael Luxton, Steve Schoettler, and Andrew Trader under the name Presidio Media."
}
] |
IlTRgWyI6PMePfdoCM2M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company name changed to Zynga in July 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate culture",
"text": "Each of the different locations offer different benefits to a certain extent."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate culture",
"text": "They had the option to leave and have a package, as happened with some other leaders, but we in addition to that offered them other positions at the company that came with different forward compensation."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to the company, Zynga has had over one billion people play its games since its inception in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga was founded in April 2007 by Mark Pincus, Eric Schiermeyer, Justin Waldron, Michael Luxton, Steve Schoettler, and Andrew Trader under the name Presidio Media."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Customer acquisition",
"text": "The company initially relied on free distribution of its product to users, and later began spending money on marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "On May 24, Games.com writer Brandy Shaul wrote that Zynga was dropping the Oregon Trail name and soliciting new names for the expansion."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | In-game sign-up",
"text": "Since then it began re-introducing the ads back in but with controls to monitor the kinds of ads that appear."
},
{
"section_header": "Funding | Public offering",
"text": "Zynga was priced at $10 per share and began trading on NASDAQ under ZNGA on December 16, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga's first game, Texas Hold'Em Poker, now known as Zynga Poker, was released on Facebook in July 2007."
}
] |
The company began in 2007 with a different name.
| 0 | 0 |
Zynga
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was destroyed by successive earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century, the last surviving of the six destroyed wonders."
}
] |
ImHx4JuO51yRXKjiaUzy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was destroyed by successive earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century, the last surviving of the six destroyed wonders."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It is unknown exactly when and how the Mausoleum came to ruin: Eustathius, writing in the 12th century on his commentary of the Iliad says \"it was and is a wonder\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "In the 19th century a British consul obtained several of the statues from Bodrum Castle; these now reside in the British Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "There they stayed for three centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "Then a series of earthquakes shattered the columns and sent the bronze chariot crashing to the ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and statues",
"text": "Several of the statues' original placements are only known through historical accounts."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It stood above the city's ruins for sixteen centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At the original site, all that remained by the 19th century were the foundations and some broken sculptures."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At some point before or after this, grave robbers broke into and destroyed the underground burial chamber, but in 1972 there was still enough of it remaining to determine a layout of the chambers when they were excavated."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest",
"text": "Hecatomnus, a local dynast under the Persians, took control of several of the neighboring cities and districts."
}
] |
It was destroyed by several earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century.
| 2 | 3 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Antietam (), also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the Southern United States, was a battle of the American Civil War, fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "This was the first time that many Americans saw the realities of war in photographs as distinct from previous \"artists' impressions\"."
}
] |
ImZ9RNk1TSWksf7EpLwQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "On September 19, 1862, two days after the Battle of Antietam, Mathew Brady sent photographer Alexander Gardner and his assistant James Gibson to photograph the carnage."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "This was the first time that many Americans saw the realities of war in photographs as distinct from previous \"artists' impressions\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield preservation",
"text": "The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved 316 acres of the Antietam Battlefield."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Antietam ranks fifth in terms of total casualties in Civil War battles, falling behind Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Chancellorsville, and Spotsylvania Court House."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield preservation",
"text": "Conservation work undertaken by Antietam National Battlefield and private groups, has earned Antietam a reputation as one of the nation's best preserved Civil War battlefields."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Lee withdrew from the battlefield first, the technical definition of the tactical loser in a Civil War battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Historic photographs and paintings | Mathew Brady's gallery, \"The Dead of Antietam\" (1862)",
"text": "Many images in this presentation were graphic photographs of corpses, a presentation new to America."
},
{
"section_header": "Battlefield preservation",
"text": "was one of the first five Civil War battlefields preserved federally, receiving that distinction on August 30, 1890."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Antietam (), also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, particularly in the Southern United States, was a battle of the American Civil War, fought on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Union General George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, near Sharpsburg, Maryland and Antietam Creek."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Part of the Maryland Campaign, it was the first field army–level engagement in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War to take place on Union soil."
}
] |
The Battle of Antietam, a battle in the Civil War, had photographs of it.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Antietam
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has the smallest named cast of any play by Shakespeare."
}
] |
In8MEE4VKusjJuYRQZfa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is also featured in Shakespeare in Love (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "The exact date of composition of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is unknown, but it is generally believed to have been one of Shakespeare's earliest works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has the smallest named cast of any play by Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance",
"text": "Hall had only recently been appointed as Artistic Director of the RSC, and, somewhat unexpectedly, he chose Two Gentlemen as his inaugural production, billed as the opening show in a re-examination of the development of Shakespearean comedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes",
"text": "Writing in 1905, Chambers stated that Two Gentlemen was Shakespeare's first essay at originality, at fashioning for himself the outlines of that romantic or tragicomic formula in which so many of his most characteristic dramas were afterwards to be cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes | Love and friendship",
"text": "\" At the very centre of this is the contest between love and friendship; \"an essential part of the comicality of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is created by the necessary conflict between highly stylised concepts of love and friendship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is often regarded as one of Shakespeare's weakest plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "It has been argued that Two Gentlemen may have been Shakespeare's first work for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes",
"text": "One of the dominant theories as regards the value of Two Gentlemen is that thematically, it represents a 'trial run' of sorts, in which Shakespeare deals briefly with themes which he would examine in more detail in later works."
}
] |
The comedy by Shakespeare The Two Gentlemen of Verona has a small cast.
| 0 | 0 |
Two Gentlemen of Verona
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: כנסיית הקבר, Arabic: كنيسة القيامة) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem."
}
] |
InFkYKR7pRPI9fuPL91D
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Crusader period (1099–1244)",
"text": "Historians agree that the fate of Jerusalem and thereby the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was of concern to if not the immediate goal of papal policy in 1095."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Catholicon",
"text": "I of Jerusalem consecrated. It was at the initiative of Israeli professor, Gustav Kühnel, to erect a new crucifix at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem that would not only be worthy of the singularity of the site, but that would also become a symbol of the efforts of unity in the community of Christian faith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Greek: Ναός του Παναγίου Τάφου, Latin: Ecclesia Sancti Sepulchri, Hebrew: כנסיית הקבר, Arabic: كنيسة القيامة) is a church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction (11th century)",
"text": "\" Control of Jerusalem, and thereby the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, continued to change hands several times between the Fatimids and the Seljuk Turks (loyal to the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad) until the Crusaders' arrival in 1099."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The church leaders warned that if the organization gets the access to control the sites, Christians will lose access to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo",
"text": "An Ottoman status quo decided upon in 1757 upholds the state of affairs for certain Holy Land sites, including the Church of the Holy Sepulchre."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo | 2018 Tax/Land affair",
"text": "The city hall stressed that the Church of the Holy Sepulchre and all other churches are exempt from the taxes, with the changes only affecting establishments like \"hotels, halls and businesses\" owned by the churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the wider complex around the Church of the Holy Sepulchre also serves as the headquarters of the Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Jerusalem, while control of the church itself is shared among several Christian denominations and secular entities in complicated arrangements essentially unchanged for over 160 years, and some for much longer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction (11th century)",
"text": "Contemporary sources credit the emperor with spending vast sums in an effort to restore the Church of the Holy Sepulchre after this agreement was made."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "The Christian Quarter and the (also Christian) Armenian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem are both located in the northwestern and western part of the Old City, due to the fact that the Holy Sepulchre is located close to the northwestern corner of the walled city."
}
] |
Holy Sepulchre is a church in Jerusalem.
| 4 | 7 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daft Punk are a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter."
}
] |
IpUrmSzQ6UGMz30tYjcU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances in media",
"text": "They were only sold in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Visual components and image",
"text": "In France, you speak of Daft Punk and I'm sure millions of people have heard it, but less than a few thousand people know our face—"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "An hour long documentary named Daft Punk Unchained was televised on 24 June 2015 in France and on 9 February 2016 in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2007: Human After All",
"text": "Midnight screenings of the film were held in Paris theaters starting from the end of March 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2011: Tron: Legacy",
"text": "Walt Disney Records released a remix album of the score titled Tron: Legacy Reconfigured on 5 April 2011.In 2010, Daft Punk were admitted into the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, an order of merit of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "In a later remix of \"Touch It\" the line \"touch it, bring it, pay it, watch it, turn it, leave it, start, format it\" from \"Technologic\" was sung by R&B and rap artist Missy Elliott."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "We wanted ones like Daft Punk.\" Daft Punk tracks have been sampled or covered by other artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in media",
"text": "Daft Punk have also produced music for other artists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2007: Human After All",
"text": "A Daft Punk anthology CD/DVD, Musique Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Jemaine comments, \"It doesn't look like Daft Punk."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daft Punk are a French electronic music duo formed in Paris in 1993 by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo and Thomas Bangalter."
}
] |
Daft Punk started in Marseille, France.
| 2 | 4 |
Daft Punk
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was regarded as \"The King of the Violin\", or, as Nathan Milstein put it, the \"tsar\"."
}
] |
IpsZP41SMauZz62g1Bfg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His granddaughter, Nadine Ysaye Mosbaugh, was a noted concert pianist who toured Europe with Jose Iturbi before settling down in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "List of compositions | Concertante works",
"text": "Poème élégiaque (Poème No.1) Poème élégiaque (Poème No.1) in D minor, for violin and piano Op.12 (1892/3) [orchestrated by Jacques Ysaye]"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was regarded as \"The King of the Violin\", or, as Nathan Milstein put it, the \"tsar\"."
}
] |
Ysaye was known as "The Prince of the Guitar".
| 0 | 2 |
Eugène Ysaÿe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841."
}
] |
Iq3M7ZI4eGMpA10WgvYE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Old Curiosity Shop is one of two novels (the other being Barnaby Rudge) which Charles Dickens published along with short stories in his weekly serial Master Humphrey's Clock, from 1840 to 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Queen Victoria read the novel in 1841 and found it \"very interesting and cleverly written\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "Consequently, when the novel begins, it is told in the first person, with Master Humphrey as the narrator."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "However, Dickens soon changed his mind about how best to tell the story, and abandoned the first-person narrator after chapter three."
},
{
"section_header": "Framing device",
"text": "This was Dickens' after-the-fact explanation of why the narrator disappeared and why (if he was their near relation) he gave no sign in the first three chapters of knowing who they were."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "He is very laid back and doesn't seem to worry about anything, despite the fact that he owes money to just about everybody."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "Mrs. Jarley, proprietor of a travelling waxworks show, who takes in Nell and her grandfather out of kindness."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Other characters",
"text": "The character was named after the novelist's younger brother, Frederick Dickens."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was so popular that New York readers stormed the wharf when the ship bearing the final instalment arrived in 1841."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters in The Old Curiosity Shop | Major characters",
"text": "His mother is concerned about his attachment to Nell, and at one point jokes, 'some people would say that you'd fallen in love with her', at which Kit becomes very bashful and tries to change the subject."
}
] |
The novel by Charles Dickens The Old Curiosity Shop was not very popular when it first came out.
| 0 | 0 |
The Old Curiosity Shop
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legends",
"text": "Native Americans, known as Ohlone (A Miwok word), were the earliest known inhabitants of Alcatraz island."
},
{
"section_header": "Other buildings | Warden's House",
"text": "Today, the house is a ruin, burned down by Native Americans during the Occupation of Alcatraz on 1 June 1970."
}
] |
IqAJYh8pNLCrJEdZEjop
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | A-Block",
"text": "Alcatraz was a federal penitentiary."
},
{
"section_header": "Other buildings | Model Industries Building",
"text": "This building was originally built by the U.S. military and was used as a laundry building until the New Industries Building was built as part of a redevelopment program on Alcatraz in 1939 when it was a federal penitentiary."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often referred to as Alcatraz [, Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾas] The Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary or United States Penitentiary, Alcatraz Island (often referred to as Alcatraz [, Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾas] (Latin America)/Spanish pronunciation: [al-ka-tɾaθ] (Spain) from Arabic: غطاس, romanized: al-ġaţţās, lit. '"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "In June 1945, it was reported that the federal penitentiaries had made 60,000 nets."
},
{
"section_header": "Other buildings | Power House",
"text": "Between 1939 and 1963, it supplied power to the Federal Penitentiary and other buildings on the island."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reputation",
"text": "He entered the prison system at age 19, and never left, spending 17 years at Alcatraz."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration",
"text": "During its time as a federal penitentiary, it was located above the dining hall on the second floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells",
"text": "An inmate register reveals that there were 1,576 prisoners in total held at Alcatraz during its time as a Federal Penitentiary, although figures reported have varied and some have stated 1557."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Security",
"text": "When the Bureau of Prisons established the Federal Penitentiary on 1 January 1934, they took measures to strengthen the security of the prison cells to make Alcatraz \"escape-proof\", and also to improve living conditions for their own staff."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison life and the cells | Dining",
"text": "All of the prison population, including the guards and officials would dine together, thus seating over 250 people."
},
{
"section_header": "Legends",
"text": "Native Americans, known as Ohlone (A Miwok word), were the earliest known inhabitants of Alcatraz island."
},
{
"section_header": "Other buildings | Warden's House",
"text": "Today, the house is a ruin, burned down by Native Americans during the Occupation of Alcatraz on 1 June 1970."
}
] |
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary was never used by the indigenous people.
| 0 | 0 |
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The valley or trough between dunes is called a slack."
}
] |
IqNI3RCHf0wfx1ofbe98
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In physical geography, a dune is a hill of loose sand built by aeolian processes (wind) or the flow of water."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Seif or longitudinal dunes",
"text": "Linear loess hills known as pahas are superficially similar."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "Also, traversing the nose is very difficult as well because the nose is usually made up of loose sand without much if any vegetation."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "Spacing between zibars ranges from 50 to 400 metres and they don't become more than 10 metres high."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "Because all dune arms are oriented in the same direction, and, the inter-dune corridors are generally swept clear of loose sand, the corridors can usually be traversed in between the trailing arms of the dune."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "Parabolic dunes have loose sand and steep slopes only on their outer flanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Dune movement",
"text": "The sand mass of dunes can move either windward or leeward, depending on if the wind is making contact with the dune from below or above its apogee."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Seif or longitudinal dunes",
"text": "The two slip faces make them sharp-crested."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Europe",
"text": "The Dune of Pilat, not far from Bordeaux, France, is the largest known sand dune in Europe"
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "Sand is pushed (creep) or bounces (saltation) up the stoss side, and slides down the lee side."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The valley or trough between dunes is called a slack."
}
] |
The space in between the hills of loose sand that make up sand dunes is known as the vale.
| 0 | 0 |
Dune
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the King of Ragtime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He went to Chicago for the World's Fair of 1893, which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897."
}
] |
IqmwW1t7gbu6lop2KxJw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life in the southern states and Chicago",
"text": "In 1893, while in Chicago for the World's Fair, Joplin formed his first band, in which he played cornet and also arranged the band's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He went to Chicago for the World's Fair of 1893, which played a major part in making ragtime a national craze by 1897."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Joplin and his fellow ragtime composers rejuvenated American popular music, fostering an appreciation for African-American music among European-Americans by creating exhilarating and liberating dance tunes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in the southern states and Chicago",
"text": "Although specific information is sparse, numerous sources have credited the Chicago World's Fair with spreading the popularity of ragtime."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "In 1979, Alan Rich wrote in the magazine New York that by giving artists like Rifkin the opportunity to put Joplin's music on disc, Nonesuch Records \"...created, almost alone, the Scott Joplin revival."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in the southern states and Chicago",
"text": "Joplin found that his music, as well as that of other black performers, was popular with visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "This was the passing of the king of all ragtime writers, the man who gave America a genuine native music.\" After his death in 1917, Joplin's music and ragtime in general waned in popularity as new forms of musical styles, such as jazz and novelty piano, emerged."
},
{
"section_header": "Other awards and recognition",
"text": "1970: Joplin was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame by the National Academy of Popular Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "When Joplin was learning the piano, serious musical circles condemned ragtime because of its association with the vulgar and inane songs \"... cranked out by the tune-smiths of Tin Pan Alley.\" As a composer Joplin refined ragtime, elevating it above the low and unrefined form played by the \"...wandering honky-tonk pianists... playing mere dance music\" of popular imagination."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "In 1914, Joplin and Lottie self-published his \"Magnetic Rag\" as the Scott Joplin Music Company, which he had formed the previous December."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joplin achieved fame for his ragtime compositions and was dubbed the King of Ragtime."
}
] |
Scott Joplin created ragtime music which gained popularity after the Seattle Fair of 1893.
| 0 | 0 |
Scott Joplin
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was written by Kevin Wade."
}
] |
IrwnJ4YP7zswkmQ6lF13
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tess McGill is a working-class girl from Staten Island with a bachelor's degree in business from evening classes."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Working Girl was also made into a short-lived NBC television series in 1990, starring Sandra Bullock as Tess McGill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was written by Kevin Wade."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Working Girl was released on DVD in Widescreen format on April 17, 2001 by 20th Century Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Theatre",
"text": "It lasted 12 episodes. A broadway musical version is in the works as of 2017, with a score to be written by Cyndi Lauper from Fox Stage Productions and Aged in Wood Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and starring Melanie Griffith, Harrison Ford and Sigourney Weaver."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Reception",
"text": "Janet Maslin, in her review for The New York Times, wrote, \"Mike Nichols, who directed Working Girl, also displays an uncharacteristically blunt touch, and in its later stages the story remains lively but seldom has the perceptiveness or acuity of Mr. Nichols's best work\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Reception",
"text": "The site's consensus is; \"A buoyant corporate Cinderella story, Working Girl has the right cast, right story, and right director to make it all come together.\" and a 73 score at Metacritic."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Reception",
"text": "Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars and wrote, \"The plot of Working Girl is put together like clockwork."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Theatre",
"text": "Instead of a production company on Working Girl, the musical adaptation was switched to a license production by Aged in Wood Productions since Disney took over ownership of Fox Stage in 2019."
}
] |
Working Girl is a poem written by Tess McGill.
| 0 | 0 |
Working Girl
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings",
"text": "In 1944, on her 25th birthday, Jones won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Bernadette Soubirous, her third screen role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones is among the youngest actresses to receive an Academy Award, having won on her 25th birthday."
}
] |
IsHg5Usg34Ya6JrsYgt4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Over the course of her career that spanned over five decades, she was nominated for the Oscar five times, including one win for Best Actress, as well as a Golden Globe Award win for Best Actress in a Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings",
"text": "In 1944, on her 25th birthday, Jones won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Bernadette Soubirous, her third screen role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jones is among the youngest actresses to receive an Academy Award, having won on her 25th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1949–1964: Marriage to Selznick",
"text": "The film received mixed reviews, with Variety noting that \"the relationship between Rock Hudson and Jennifer Jones never takes on real dimensions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jennifer Jones (born Phylis Lee Isley; March 2, 1919 – December 17, 2009), also known as Jennifer Jones Simon, was an American actress and mental health advocate."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings",
"text": "For her performance in Since You Went Away, she was nominated for her second Academy Award, this time for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1965–2009: Later life and activities",
"text": "Her performance as a doomed guest in the building earned her a Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1949–1964: Marriage to Selznick",
"text": "Over the following two decades, she would appear in numerous films he produced, and they established a working relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1940–1948: Career beginnings",
"text": "She was carefully groomed for stardom and given a new name: Jennifer Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1919–1939: Early life",
"text": "Jones accompanied them, performing on occasion as part of the Isley Stock Company."
}
] |
Despite being a beloved actress for five decades Jennifer Jones never won an Oscar for any of her performances.
| 3 | 5 |
Jennifer Jones
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also began playing semi-professional baseball for the local Woonsocket team under the alias \"Sandy\", because his parents did not approve of their son playing baseball."
}
] |
IswNtsqI9e7y7YDdGQLd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Napoleon Lajoie (; September 5, 1874 – February 7, 1959), also known as Larry Lajoie and nicknamed \"The Frenchman\", was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also received the nickname \"Larry\" from a teammate who had trouble pronouncing Lajoie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While with Cleveland, Lajoie's popularity led to locals electing to change the club's team name from Bronchos to Napoleons (\"Naps\" for short), which remained until after Lajoie departed Cleveland and the name was changed to Indians (the team's present-day name)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also began playing semi-professional baseball for the local Woonsocket team under the alias \"Sandy\", because his parents did not approve of their son playing baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "The Naps finished 1910 71–81 but Lajoie had one of his better seasons statistically as he led the majors with a .384 average and 227 hits, both categories bettered only in Lajoie's 1901 campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalry with Ty Cobb",
"text": "Every Detroit player, that is, except one: Ty Cobb."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "Lajoie, nicknamed \"The Frenchman\" and considered baseball's most famous player at the time, arrived in Cleveland on June 4 and his play was immediately met with approval from fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalry with Ty Cobb",
"text": "Cobb said, \"I am glad that I won an automobile and am especially pleased that Lajoie also gets one."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalry with Ty Cobb",
"text": "I have no one to criticize. I know the games were on the square and I am greatly pleased to know that the affair has ended so nicely."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He shouted that ball players were bums and that nobody respected them, but I was determined to give it a try at least one season,\" Lajoie later said."
}
] |
One of Napoleon Lajoie's nicknames was Sandy.
| 1 | 4 |
Nap Lajoie
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington, ultimately under the command of American Revolutionary war veteran Major James McFarlane."
}
] |
Iu1RU5mZIR6SQRYBNhuN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Insurrection | Federal response",
"text": "\" Historians are not yet agreed on the exact role of the societies\" in the Whiskey Rebellion, wrote historian Mark Spencer in 2003, \"but there was a degree of overlap between society membership and the Whiskey Rebels\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion (also known as the Whiskey Insurrection) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington, ultimately under the command of American Revolutionary war veteran Major James McFarlane."
},
{
"section_header": "Western grievances",
"text": "There were two methods of paying the whiskey excise: paying a flat fee or paying by the gallon."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "The whiskey excise act, sometimes known as the \"Whiskey Act\", became law in March 1791."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion: Past and Present Perspectives."
},
{
"section_header": "Whiskey tax",
"text": "The excise became known as the \"whiskey tax."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion and the Trans-Appalachian Frontier, 73–84."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "In 2011, the Whiskey Rebellion Festival was started in Washington, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Whiskey Rebellion: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and the Frontier Rebels"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Washington administration's suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion met with widespread popular approval."
}
] |
Whiskey Rebellion was a dispute between two major whiskey companies.
| 0 | 0 |
Whiskey Rebellion
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a 22-year baseball career (1972–1994), he pitched for nine different teams, spending his best years with the New York Yankees and San Diego Padres."
}
] |
IurfeCCdIdmGDCJIJPVS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In his final major league appearance on August 8, he earned a save of three innings—his first in over 15 months—in the Mariners' 14-4 win over the Rangers, retiring all nine batters he faced; José Canseco flied out to left field to end the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Pioneer of the closer role",
"text": "He pitched over 130 innings as a reliever in three different seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gossage signed with the Seattle Mariners for the 1994 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In eight of his first ten seasons as a closer, Gossage's ERA was less than 2.27."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During a 22-year baseball career (1972–1994), he pitched for nine different teams, spending his best years with the New York Yankees and San Diego Padres."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He led the American League in saves three times and was runner-up twice; by the end of the 1987 season he ranked second in major-league career saves, trailing only Rollie Fingers, although by the end of his career his total of 310 had slipped to fourth all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On August 4, 1994, Gossage became the third pitcher in major league history to appear in 1,000 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gossage signed one-year contracts to pitch for the Oakland Athletics in 1992 and 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Over his career, right-handed hitters hit .211 against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In the first game of a doubleheader on October 4, 1980, Gossage pitched the last two innings of a 5-2 win over the Detroit Tigers, earning his career-high 33rd save as New York clinched another division title."
}
] |
Gossage's career was over twenty years which ended in 1994.
| 2 | 4 |
Rich Gossage
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Popularity",
"text": "The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world."
}
] |
IvSbj9LRUqySvE2l4owo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Popularity",
"text": "The tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Eiffel Tower is the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to become the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years until the Chrysler Building in New York City was finished in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "When visiting Paris, Hitler chose to stay on the ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism | Popularity",
"text": "More than 250 million people have visited the tower since it was completed in 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Artists' protest",
"text": ", all of our humiliated monuments will disappear in this ghastly dream."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Inauguration and the 1889 exposition",
"text": "There was also a pâtisserie. At the top, there was a post office where visitors could send letters and postcards as a memento of their visit."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "In 1964, the Eiffel Tower was officially declared to be a historical monument by the Minister of Cultural Affairs, André Malraux."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Subsequent events",
"text": "The layout of both first and second levels was modified, with the space available for visitors on the second level."
},
{
"section_header": "Replicas",
"text": "As one of the most iconic landmarks in the world, the Eiffel Tower has been the inspiration for the creation of many replicas and similar towers."
}
] |
It is the second most visited paid monument in the world.
| 2 | 6 |
Eiffel Tower
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The second solution is that all the passengers aboard the Orient Express participated in stabbing Cassetti/Ratchett to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "M. Bouc and Dr. Constantine decide to tell the police that the first solution is correct to protect the family."
}
] |
IvWZNMO4VcYKUXtR9cvc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express is a detective novel by English writer Agatha Christie featuring the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The character Cyrus Hardman (the former American police officer turned private detective) has been largely amalgamated with the chauffeur Foscarelli (in as much as regards being the lover of the dead maid) and Dr Constantine (who in the novel is unrelated to the murders) becomes a co-conspirator."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Agatha Christie's Poirot \"Murder on the Orient Express\" (2010)David"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The piece of paper helps Poirot work out who Ratchett really is and why someone would want to murder him."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2017) On 16 June 2015, 20th Century Fox hired Kenneth Branagh to direct and star as Poirot in another film adaptation of the story, which was released on 3 November 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Computer game",
"text": "The point and click computer game Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express was released in November 2006 for Windows and expanded on Agatha Christie's original story with a new playable central character as Hercule Poirot (voiced by David Suchet) is ill and recovering in his train compartment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The US title of Murder in the Calais Coach was used to avoid confusion with the 1932 Graham Greene novel Stamboul Train, which had been published in the United States as Orient Express."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (2001) A thoroughly modernized and poorly received made-for-TV version starring Alfred Molina as Poirot was presented by CBS in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Murder on the Orient Express (1974) The book was made into a 1974 movie directed by Sidney Lumet and produced by John Brabourne and Richard B. Goodwin; it was a critical and commercial hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Orient Express, snowed up in Yugoslavia, provides the ideal 'closed' set-up for a classic-style exercise in detection, as well as an excuse for an international cast-list."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The second solution is that all the passengers aboard the Orient Express participated in stabbing Cassetti/Ratchett to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "M. Bouc and Dr. Constantine decide to tell the police that the first solution is correct to protect the family."
}
] |
Murder on the Orient Express is a detective story that, like usual, ends with the murderer being found out and turned into the authorities.
| 0 | 0 |
Murder on the Orient Express
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Upanishads (; Sanskrit: उपनिषद् Upaniṣad [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic Sanskrit texts of religious teaching and ideas still revered in Hinduism."
}
] |
IvjezslSuOzwpRWWZ8e5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Philosophy",
"text": "Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan states that the Upanishads have dominated Indian philosophy, religion and life ever since their appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Similarities with Platonic thought",
"text": "Wadia writes that Plato's metaphysics were rooted in this life and his primary aim was to develop an ideal state."
},
{
"section_header": "Schools of Vedanta | Advaita Vedanta",
"text": "King also suggests that there are clear differences between Shankara's writings and the Brahmasutra, and many ideas of Shankara are at odds with those in the Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Schools of Vedanta | Advaita Vedanta",
"text": "Advaita is considered the most influential sub-school of the Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Development | Chronology",
"text": "Some scholars have tried to analyse similarities between Hindu Upanishads and Buddhist literature to establish chronology for the Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the most important literature in the history of Indian religions and culture, the Upanishads played an important role in the development of spiritual ideas in ancient India, marking a transition from Vedic ritualism to new ideas and institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | New Upanishads",
"text": "Ancient Upanishads have long enjoyed a revered position in Hindu traditions, and authors of numerous sectarian texts have tried to benefit from this reputation by naming their texts as Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Muktika canon: major and minor Upanishads",
"text": "Most of these sectarian Upanishads, for example the Rudrahridaya Upanishad and the Mahanarayana Upanishad, assert that all the Hindu gods and goddesses are the same, all an aspect and manifestation of Brahman, the Vedic concept for metaphysical ultimate reality before and after the creation of the Universe."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception in the West",
"text": "Juan Mascaró, a professor at the University of Barcelona and a translator of the Upanishads, states that the Upanishads represents for the Hindu approximately what the New Testament represents for the Christian, and that the message of the Upanishads can be summarized in the words, \"the kingdom of God is within you\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Muktika canon: major and minor Upanishads",
"text": "These are further divided into Upanishads associated with Shaktism (goddess Shakti), Sannyasa (renunciation, monastic life), Shaivism (god Shiva), Vaishnavism (god Vishnu), Yoga, and Sāmānya (general, sometimes referred to as Samanya-Vedanta).Some of the Upanishads are categorized as \"sectarian\" since they present their ideas through a particular god or goddess of a specific Hindu tradition such as Vishnu, Shiva, Shakti, or a combination of these such as the Skanda Upanishad."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Upanishads (; Sanskrit: उपनिषद् Upaniṣad [ˈʊpɐnɪʂɐd]) are late Vedic Sanskrit texts of religious teaching and ideas still revered in Hinduism."
}
] |
These are writings of theology from the Hindu religion.
| 0 | 0 |
Upanishads
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Anchor tenants",
"text": "Tower One is fully occupied by Petronas and a number of its subsidiaries and associate companies, while the office spaces in Tower Two are mostly available for lease to other companies."
}
] |
IvlNC1h7ZUIiKHlClfCE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Anchor tenants",
"text": "Tower One is fully occupied by Petronas and a number of its subsidiaries and associate companies, while the office spaces in Tower Two are mostly available for lease to other companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Suria KLCC",
"text": "The Petronas Philharmonic Hall, also built at the base of the towers, is frequently associated with Suria KLCC's floorspace."
},
{
"section_header": "Anchor tenants",
"text": "A number of companies have offices in Tower Two, including SapuraOMV Upstream (Sarawak) Inc., Huawei Technologies, AVEVA, Al Jazeera English, Carigali Hess, Bloomberg, Boeing, IBM, Khazanah National Berhad, McKinsey & Co, WIPRO Limited, TCS, HCL Technologies, Krawler, Microsoft, The Agency (a modelling company) and Reuters."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "All main lifts are double-decker with the lower deck of the lift taking passengers to even-numbered floors and upper deck to odd-numbered floors."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "A number of scenes for the 2012 Hong Kong-Chinese action film Viral Factor included shots of the twin towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers (Malay: Menara Petronas, or Menara Berkembar Petronas), are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia."
},
{
"section_header": "History and architecture | Notable events",
"text": "No one was hurt during the evacuation."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Skybridge",
"text": "The skybridge also acts as a safety device, so that in the event of a fire or other emergency in one tower, tenants can evacuate by crossing the skybridge to the other tower."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In Part 1 of the Phineas and Ferb episode \"Phineas and Ferb Save Summer!\", the towers are visible during the musical number \" Summer All Over the World\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Lift system",
"text": "To reach an odd-numbered floor from ground level, passengers must take an escalator to the upper deck of the lift."
}
] |
Tower One is fully occupied by Petronas and a number of its subsidiaries and associate companies.
| 1 | 3 |
Petronas Towers
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Earning an arts degree at the University of Ferrara, he prepared to enter medical school, following in his grandfather's footsteps."
}
] |
Ivli3wLQBhIC8Xjf8kiX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reformer",
"text": "The pope was not mollified. He summoned the friar to appear before him in Rome, and when Savonarola refused, pleading ill health and confessing that he was afraid of being attacked on the journey, Alexander banned him from further preaching."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "From this milieu, in 1952, came the third of the major Savonarola biographies, the Vita di Girolamo Savonarola by Roberto Ridolfi."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "True or not, in a letter he wrote to his father when he left home to join the Dominican Order he hints at being troubled by desires of the flesh."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "For editions of the 15th and 16th centuries see Catalogo delle edizioni di Girolamo Savonarola (secc."
},
{
"section_header": "Reformer",
"text": "He not only attacked secret enemies at home whom he rightly suspected of being in league with the papal Curia, he condemned the conventional, or \"tepid\", Christians who were slow to respond to his calls."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "She and Niccolò had seven children, of whom Girolamo was third."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "On 25 April 1475, Girolamo Savonarola went to Bologna where he knocked on the door of the Friary of San Domenico, of the Order of Friars Preacher, and asked to be admitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "Konrad Eisenbichler (Toronto, Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, 2003, ISBN 9780772720207) Selected Writings of Girolamo Savonarola Religion and Politics, 1490–1498 ed."
},
{
"section_header": "In Machiavelli's The Prince",
"text": "Which Are Acquired by One's Own Arms and Ability\"), Fra Girolamo Savonarola was seen by Machiavelli as an incompetent, ill-prepared and \"unarmed\" prophet, unlike \"Moses, Cyrus, Theseus, and Romulus\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Savonarola's writings",
"text": "Almost thirty volumes of Savonarola's sermons and writings have so far been published in the Edizione nazionale delle Opere di Girolamo Savonarola (Rome, Angelo Belardetti, 1953 to the present)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Earning an arts degree at the University of Ferrara, he prepared to enter medical school, following in his grandfather's footsteps."
}
] |
Girolamo Savonarola had planned to be a doctor.
| 0 | 4 |
Girolamo Savonarola
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "In her essay \"The Daughters of Thelma and Louise\", Jessica Enevold argues that the film constitutes \"an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "In addition, it \"exposes the traditional stereotyping of male–female relationships\" while rescripting the typical gender roles of the road movie genre."
}
] |
IvuVAnkPgZnarN7XOuf2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A horrified Thelma ushers Louise to the car and the pair flee the scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While back on the road, Thelma reflects on what Harlan had done with her and tries to ask Louise if what happened with her also happened to Louise in Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise responds angrily and tells Thelma to never bring it up again."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Susan Sarandon as Louise Elizabeth Sawyer Geena Davis as Thelma Yvonne Dickinson"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "Numerous critics and writers have remarked on the strong feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma and Louise are finally cornered by the authorities only one hundred yards from the edge of the Grand Canyon."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Principal photography for Thelma & Louise began in June 1990 and lasted 12 weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise fears that no one will believe Thelma's claim of attempted rape since Thelma was drinking and dancing with Harlan, and they will be subsequently charged with murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Heading west, the women come across an attractive young drifter, J.D. (Brad Pitt), who Thelma quickly falls for, and Thelma convinces Louise to let him hitch a ride with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "In her essay \"The Daughters of Thelma and Louise\", Jessica Enevold argues that the film constitutes \"an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "In addition, it \"exposes the traditional stereotyping of male–female relationships\" while rescripting the typical gender roles of the road movie genre."
}
] |
Thelma & Louise did not challenge the patriarchy.
| 0 | 0 |
Thelma & Louise
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle played his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career (1951–1968) with the New York Yankees as a center fielder, right fielder, and first baseman."
}
] |
IwccIm02ueb8VQIELxOg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mickey Charles Mantle (October 20, 1931 – August 13, 1995), nicknamed The Commerce Comet and The Mick, was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Song and film appearances, depictions, and references",
"text": "In 1981 the song \"Talkin' Baseball\" by Terry Cashman names Mantle in the refrain, \"Willie, Mickey, and The Duke\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Power hitting",
"text": "Mantle two times hit balls off the third-deck facade at Yankee Stadium, nearly becoming the only player to hit a fair ball out of the stadium during a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Song and film appearances, depictions, and references",
"text": "Play in the same outfield as Joe DiMaggio and Mickey Mantle."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Retirement: 1969",
"text": "He gave a \"farewell\" speech on \"Mickey Mantle Day\", June 8, 1969, in Yankee Stadium."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2017, Topps began including #7 cards in its main sets again, with Yankees catcher Gary Sanchez being the first player other than Mickey Mantle to appear in the #7 slot since 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "A statue of Mantle is located at Mickey Mantle Plaza at Chickasaw Bricktown Ballpark, the home stadium of the Triple-A Oklahoma City Dodgers, 2 South Mickey Mantle Drive in Oklahoma City."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "He also established the Mickey Mantle Foundation to raise awareness for organ donations."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Major leagues, New York Yankees (1951–1968) | Rookie season: 1951",
"text": "Mickey Mantle's salary for the 1951 season was $7,500."
},
{
"section_header": "Song and film appearances, depictions, and references",
"text": "\"In 1998 award-winning poet B. H. Fairchild published a narrative baseball poem Body and Soul that depicted the young Mickey Mantle in 1946.In 2000, American recording artist Tony Sciuto included the song \"Mickey Mantle\" on his Union of the Soul album."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mantle played his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career (1951–1968) with the New York Yankees as a center fielder, right fielder, and first baseman."
}
] |
Mickey Mantle was a Yankee's baseball player.
| 0 | 0 |
Mickey Mantle
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Like the Battles of Marathon and Thermopylae, Salamis has gained something of a 'legendary' status (unlike, for instance, the more decisive Battle of Plataea), perhaps because of the desperate circumstances and the unlikely odds."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian wars as a whole; from then onward, the Greek poleis would take the offensive."
}
] |
IwyCH2wLhdShi60WKXpa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "However, in the final reckoning, both sides were prepared to stake everything on a naval battle, in the hope of decisively altering the course of the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "The Battle of Salamis marked the turning point in the Greco-Persian wars."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | The main battle",
"text": "Both sides had marines on their ships for this eventuality; the Greeks with fully armed hoplites; the Persians probably with more lightly armed infantry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "These battles of Salamis and Plataea thus mark a turning point in the course of the Greco-Persian wars as a whole; from then onward, the Greek poleis would take the offensive."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Clearly though, at some point after capturing Athens, Xerxes held a council of war with the Persian fleet; Herodotus says this occurred at Phalerum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result of subterfuge on the part of Themistocles, the Persian navy rowed into the Straits of Salamis and tried to block both entrances."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "According to Herodotus, Queen Artemisia of Caria pointed this out to Xerxes in the run-up to Salamis."
},
{
"section_header": "Strategic and tactical considerations",
"text": "The Persian fleet was still large enough to both bottle up the Allied navy in the straits of Salamis, and send ships to land troops in the Peloponnese."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle was fought in the straits between the mainland and Salamis, an island in the Saronic Gulf near Athens, and marked the high point of the second Persian invasion of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude",
"text": "Clearly though, at some point just before the battle, new information began to reach Xerxes of rifts in the allied command; the Peloponnesians wished to evacuate from Salamis while they still could."
},
{
"section_header": "Significance",
"text": "Like the Battles of Marathon and Thermopylae, Salamis has gained something of a 'legendary' status (unlike, for instance, the more decisive Battle of Plataea), perhaps because of the desperate circumstances and the unlikely odds."
}
] |
The Battle of Salamis was an inflection point for the Greco-Persian wars because both sides were evenly matched.
| 2 | 6 |
Battle of Salamis
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Induction to Freemasonry",
"text": "Garibaldi joined Freemasonry during his exile, taking advantage of the asylum the lodges offered to political refugees from European countries governed by despotic regimes."
}
] |
IxSPbjAwO6Anmit79Ssp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final struggle with Austria",
"text": "he proposed: \"The papacy, being the most harmful of all secret societies, ought to be abolished."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "During ten days in port, he met Giovanni Battista Cuneo from Oneglia, a politically active immigrant and member of the secret Young Italy movement of Giuseppe Mazzini."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Expedition against Rome",
"text": "Nonetheless, Garibaldi believed he had the secret support of his government."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration",
"text": "Also, a bust of Giuseppe Garibaldi is prominently placed outside the entrance to the old Supreme Court Chamber in the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, DC, a gift from members of the Italian Society of Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Italy | North America and the Pacific",
"text": "They first went to Nicaragua, and then to other parts of the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Involvement with the First International",
"text": "Although he did not agree with their calls for the abolition of property, Garibaldi defended the Communards and the First International against the attacks of their enemies: \"Is it not the product of the abnormal state in which society finds itself in the world? ... Shouldn't a society (I mean a human society) in which the majority struggle for subsistence and the minority want to take the larger part of the product of the former through deceptions and violence but without hard work, arouse discontent and thoughts of revenge amongst those who suffer?\"Garibaldi wrote a letter to Celso Ceretti in which he declared: \"The International is the sun of the future [sole dell'avvenire]!"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Garibaldi's letter regarding the Ottomans",
"text": "He must no longer tread upon that part of the world kept by him in misery."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Garibaldi's letter regarding the Ottomans",
"text": "And today even, among your robust populations, you may still find a Spartacus and a Leonidas."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Campaign of 1860",
"text": "Immediately after the wedding ceremony, she informed him that she was pregnant with another man's child and Garibaldi left her the same day."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Garibaldi joined the society and took an oath dedicating himself to the struggle to liberate and unify his homeland from Austrian dominance."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Induction to Freemasonry",
"text": "Garibaldi joined Freemasonry during his exile, taking advantage of the asylum the lodges offered to political refugees from European countries governed by despotic regimes."
}
] |
Giuseppe Garibaldi was part of a secret society that still exists to this day.
| 0 | 0 |
Giuseppe Garibaldi
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "Antiviral drugs are often nucleoside analogues (fake DNA building-blocks), which viruses mistakenly incorporate into their genomes during replication."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "This is called DNA chain termination."
}
] |
Ixtt9GrHBF1NXxRevDQe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "Antiviral drugs are often nucleoside analogues (fake DNA building-blocks), which viruses mistakenly incorporate into their genomes during replication."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "Aciclovir is one of the oldest and most frequently prescribed antiviral drugs."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "Other antiviral drugs in use target different stages of the viral life cycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Several antiviral drugs have been developed."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome replication",
"text": "The polarity (whether or not it can be used directly by ribosomes to make proteins) of single-stranded RNA viruses largely determines the replicative mechanism; the other major criterion is whether the genetic material is single-stranded or double-stranded."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "There is a large class of drugs called protease inhibitors that inactivate this enzyme."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "This is called DNA chain termination."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "There is now an effective treatment that uses the nucleoside analogue drug ribavirin combined with interferon."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Prevention and treatment | Antiviral drugs",
"text": "The life-cycle of the virus is then halted because the newly synthesised DNA is inactive."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome replication",
"text": "They are susceptible to antiviral drugs that inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, e.g. zidovudine and lamivudine."
}
] |
Antiviral drugs work by disolving DNA strands directly.
| 2 | 2 |
Virus
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "The disease had spread to Joss' brain and he died on April 14, 1911, two days after his 31st birthday and two days after Cleveland's season opener."
}
] |
Iy4VxY6JY3YYZULX3wcd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In April 1911, Joss became ill and he died the same month due to tuberculous meningitis."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "The disease had spread to Joss' brain and he died on April 14, 1911, two days after his 31st birthday and two days after Cleveland's season opener."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "On April 13, Chapman sought a second opinion from the Naps' team doctor, who performed a lumbar puncture and diagnosed Joss with tuberculous meningitis."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "By April 9, as Joss was coughing more and had a severe headache, Chapman changed his diagnosis to pleurisy and reported that Joss would not be able to play for one month and would need ten days of rest to recover."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though Joss played only nine seasons and missed significant playing time due to various ailments, the National Baseball Hall of Fame's Board of Directors passed a special resolution for Joss in 1977 which waived the typical ten-year minimum playing career for Hall of Fame eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Contract dispute",
"text": "He became known as \"the god of the Western League."
},
{
"section_header": "Footnotes",
"text": "Coffey writes in 27 Men Out: Baseball's Perfect Games while on a train ride back to Toledo, Joss stopped in Cincinnati and was diagnosed by \"a doctor\" who stated Joss had \"congestion in his right lung with a bad attack of pleurisy\" and an \"affection [sic] of the brain.\" Kneib writes in Meningitis the Naps were scheduled to go to Cincinnati"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 1910 season was his last, and Joss missed most of the year due to injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career marks",
"text": "\"Illness and injury accompanied Joss throughout much of his professional career."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps (1902–1907)",
"text": "Illness during the season reduced his starts."
}
] |
Addie Joss passed 2 days after his 31st birthday and the same month that he became ill due to tuberculous meningitis that had spread to his brain.
| 0 | 7 |
Addie Joss
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from it."
}
] |
Iy8a4W86LymA9FUvKnsb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "If light were a wave rather than a \"corpuscle\", it is unclear what, if any, influence gravity would have on escaping light waves."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing—no particles or even electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from it."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties and structure | Ergosphere",
"text": "Objects and radiation can escape normally from the ergosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Modern physics discredits Michell's notion of a light ray shooting directly from the surface of a supermassive star, being slowed down by the star's gravity, stopping, and then free-falling back to the star's surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There is consensus that supermassive black holes exist in the centers of most galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Gravitational collapse",
"text": "These black holes could be the seeds of the supermassive black holes found in the centers of most galaxies."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties and structure | Innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO)",
"text": "In Newtonian gravity, test particles can stably orbit at arbitrary distances from a central object."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation and evolution | Gravitational collapse | Primordial black holes and the Big Bang",
"text": "Despite the early universe being extremely dense—far denser than is usually required to form a black hole—it did not re-collapse into a black hole during the Big Bang."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Accretion of matter | X-ray binaries",
"text": "Some doubt, however, remained due to the uncertainties that result from the companion star being much heavier than the candidate black hole."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational evidence | Accretion of matter | Galactic nuclei",
"text": "Some of the most notable galaxies with supermassive black hole candidates include the Andromeda Galaxy, M32, M87, NGC 3115, NGC 3377, NGC 4258, NGC 4889, NGC 1277, OJ 287, APM 08279+5255 and the Sombrero Galaxy."
}
] |
A black hole is an object in the galaxy that can be escaped by only gravity.
| 2 | 4 |
Black hole
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur."
}
] |
IyKa9gcGfpH6Z4xkfl6i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The Rains Came was remade in 1955 as The Rains of Ranchipur, with Richard Burton, Lana Turner and Fred MacMurray in the Power, Loy and Brent roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\"TCM.com reports some of cinematographer Arthur Miller's recollections about The Rains Came, including his \"obsession\" with the rain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A remake of the film was released in 1955 under the name The Rains of Ranchipur."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rains Came is a 1939 20th Century Fox film based on an American novel by Louis Bromfield (published in June 1937 by Harper & Brothers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Accolades | 1955 adaptation",
"text": "The 1939 film uses the original novel's ending; the 1955 film provides different fates for Lord and Lady Esketh."
}
] |
The Rains Came was remade in 1955.
| 0 | 4 |
The Rains Came
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Gregory was born as Ildebrando di Soana in Sovana, in the county of Grosseto, now southern Tuscany, central Italy."
}
] |
IyuUlABXef3klVvitqM9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian: Ildebrando da Soana), was pope from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "He then accompanied Abbot Bruno of Toul to Rome; there, Bruno was elected pope, choosing the name Leo IX, and named Hildebrand as deacon and papal administrator."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII died in exile in Salerno; the epitaph on his sarcophagus in the city's Cathedral says: \"I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I die in exile.\" Gregory VII was beatified by Pope Gregory XIII in 1584 and canonized on 24 May 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Pope and emperor depose each other",
"text": "On the following day, 22 February 1076, Pope Gregory VII pronounced a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV with all due solemnity, divested him of his royal dignity and absolved his subjects from the oaths they had sworn to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "Both the campaign against priestly marriage and that against simony provoked widespread resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "Gregory was born as Ildebrando di Soana in Sovana, in the county of Grosseto, now southern Tuscany, central Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
},
{
"section_header": "Doctrine of the Eucharist",
"text": "Gregory VII was seen by Pope Paul VI as instrumental in affirming the tenet that Christ is present in the Blessed Sacrament."
}
] |
Pope Gregory VII was a pope who enforced abstaining from marriage and his real name is Ildebrando.
| 0 | 4 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story."
}
] |
IzAUQTQuwR3TIHaHZD7w
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part One",
"text": "When Eugene is six years old and starting to school, Oliver journeys to California for the last time, returning home to the joy of his family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is Wolfe's first novel, and is considered a highly autobiographical American coming-of-age story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "In 1958, Frings won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for her adaptation of Wolfe's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "The boarding house run by Eugene Gant's mother, based on one run by Wolfe's mother, has been called \"the most famous boardinghouse in American fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\"The title of Thomas Wolfe's novel comes from the John Milton poem Lycidas: \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three",
"text": "Thomas Wolfe's biographer Elizabeth Nowell said Wolfe's description of Ben's death was the finest writing of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "According to Jonathan W. Daniels, those critics wished that \"Tom Wolfe's big sprawling powerful pouring prose would have been served in neater packages of sweeter stuff.\" Playwright Ketti Frings adapted the novel as a play of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\" The novel was written over 20 months."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Wolfe began the novel in 1926, intending to delve into \"the strange and bitter magic of life."
}
] |
The novel was one of Wolfe's last.
| 0 | 0 |
Look Homeward, Angel
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Rizzuto married Cora Anne Ellenborn on June 23, 1943; the two first met the previous year when Rizzuto substituted for Joe DiMaggio as a speaker at a Newark communion breakfast."
}
] |
J0o0YetJ3UkxeNn8XJiq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Francis Rizzuto (September 25, 1917 – August 13, 2007), nicknamed \"The Scooter\", was an American Major League Baseball shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Rizzuto married Cora Anne Ellenborn on June 23, 1943; the two first met the previous year when Rizzuto substituted for Joe DiMaggio as a speaker at a Newark communion breakfast."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "His nickname, at times attributed to Yankees broadcaster Mel Allen, was actually bestowed on Rizzuto (according to him) by minor league teammate Billy Hitchcock because of the way Rizzuto ran the bases."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "\" During his heyday, Yankees pitcher Vic Raschi noted, \"My best pitch is anything the batter grounds, lines or pops in the direction of Rizzuto.\" Decades into his retirement, teammate Joe DiMaggio characterized Rizzuto's enduring appeal to fans: \"People loved watching me play baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "There has been confusion about his year of birth, stemming from Rizzuto's \"shaving a year off\" the date at the beginning of his pro career, on the advice of teammates."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "\" Ostensibly an account of a baseball sequence, it actually describes the singer's step-by-step efforts to engage in coitus with a young woman (voiced by actress and singer Ellen Foley)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When he retired, his 1,217 career double plays ranked second in major league history, trailing only Luke Appling's total of 1,424, and his .968 career fielding average trailed only Lou Boudreau's mark of .973 among AL shortstops."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "When he retired, his 1,217 career double plays ranked second in major league history, trailing only Luke Appling's total of 1,424, and his .968 career fielding average trailed only Lou Boudreau's mark of .973 among AL shortstops."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The disarray had to end. Baseball Commissioner Albert Happy Chandler, former Kentucky governor, announced on Opening Day that exclusivity clauses still ruled—all contract-jumping players heading to Mexico or Cuba would be suspended from the Major League for 5 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "When he retired that season, he had spent parts of seven decades—virtually all of his adult life—in the Yankee organization as a minor league player, major league player and broadcaster."
}
] |
Phil Rizzuto, nicknamed "The Scooter", was a Major League Baseball shortstop that married a woman that dated his teammate mate Joe DiMaggio.
| 0 | 0 |
Phil Rizzuto
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Law",
"text": "The Statute of Westminster 1931 granted full autonomy and the Constitution Act, 1982, ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms."
}
] |
J0xJmKPhOhVG3WWv2nDZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | European colonization",
"text": "Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European colonization",
"text": "No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when Italian seafarer John Cabot explored and claimed Canada's Atlantic coast in the name of King Henry VII of England."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "The Bank of Canada is the central bank of the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary era",
"text": "The financial crisis of the Great Depression had led the Dominion of Newfoundland to relinquish responsible government in 1934 and become a crown colony ruled by a British governor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary era",
"text": "In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled unilateral secession by a province would be unconstitutional and the Clarity Act was passed by parliament, outlining the terms of a negotiated departure from Confederation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European colonization",
"text": "More importantly, the Quebec Act afforded Quebec special autonomy and rights of self-administration at a time when the Thirteen Colonies were increasingly agitating against British rule."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Contemporary era",
"text": "Canada had established complete sovereignty as an independent country, although the Queen retained her role as monarch of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment",
"text": "By total area (including its waters), Canada is the second-largest country in the world, after Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Law",
"text": "The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country, and consists of written text and unwritten conventions."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Law",
"text": "The Statute of Westminster 1931 granted full autonomy and the Constitution Act, 1982, ended all legislative ties to Britain, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms."
}
] |
Canada is its own country but was ruled by England.
| 4 | 8 |
Canada
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush won his second batting title in 1919, when he led the league with a batting average of .321, and led the Cincinnati Reds to the World Series."
}
] |
J13HDgYjT5nRWkSO8rFW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roush won the National League (NL) batting title two times and had a career batting average of .323."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush won his second batting title in 1919, when he led the league with a batting average of .321, and led the Cincinnati Reds to the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edd J. Roush (May 8, 1893 – March 21, 1988) was an American professional baseball center fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "At the time of his death he was the last surviving Federal League participant and the last surviving 1919 World Series participant."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "At season's end, Roush led the National League in batting average and finished third in hits with 178, only 4 behind leader Heinie Groh."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "They presented this to National League President John Heydler and won."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Later career",
"text": "Hall of Fame pitcher Pete Alexander wrote of Roush, \"Of all the batters I have faced ... Edd Roush and Ross Youngs are the trickiest."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Roush had been sidelined a couple of times during the season with leg injuries, but he finished the year batting .385 over the last 37 games of the season to finish with a career high .352 batting average, second to Rogers Hornsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and honors",
"text": "Roush was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962 via the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962."
}
] |
Edd J. Roush lead the National League in batting for the 3rd time in 1919.
| 0 | 4 |
Edd Roush
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "\"Five years into retirement, Warren died due to cardiac arrest at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., at 8:10 p.m. on July 9, 1974."
}
] |
J1GDpUKvkB5jrczIZukO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "He had been hospitalized since July 2 due to congestive heart failure and coronary insufficiency."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Warren had his wife and one of his daughters, Nina Elizabeth Bryan, at his bedside when he passed away."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of California | Policies",
"text": "In the mid-1940s, Warren sought to implement a state universal health care, but he was unable to pass his plan due to opposition from the medical and business communities."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1960s | Civil rights",
"text": "Later that decade, the Court upheld the constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1950s | Other decisions and events",
"text": "Eisenhower seriously considered retiring after one term and encouraging Warren to run in the 1956 presidential election but ultimately chose to run after he had received a positive medical report after his heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Attorney General of California",
"text": "Earlier in the 20th century, progressives had passed a state constitutional amendment allowing for \"cross-filing,\" whereby a candidate could file to run in multiple party primaries for the same office."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964), the Court upheld the Civil Rights Act of 1964, a federal law that prohibits racial segregation in public institutions and public accommodations."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1960s | Warren Commission",
"text": "From December 1963 to October 1964, Warren simultaneously served as chief justice of the United States and chairman of the Warren Commission."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1960s | Warren Commission",
"text": "Warren was personally involved in several aspects of the investigation."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Supreme Court | 1960s | Warren Commission",
"text": "Warren closely supervised the drafting of the Commission’s report."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "\"Five years into retirement, Warren died due to cardiac arrest at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., at 8:10 p.m. on July 9, 1974."
}
] |
Warren passed from heart failure.
| 1 | 1 |
Earl Warren
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
}
] |
J1NSbbwOx8SpZJE8gzYm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of May 2020, it is valued at $2.2 billion, deemed to be the world's second most valuable residential property, after British crown property Buckingham Palace, and the world's most valuable private residence."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It is considered by some to be the tallest single-family house in the world, but others disqualify the Antilia because it includes space for a staff of 600."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the residence of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his family, who moved into it in 2012; at 27-storeys, 173 metres (567.585 feet) tall, over 400,000 square feet (37,161 square meters), and with amenities such as three helipads, a 168-car garage, a ballroom, 80-seat theater, terrace gardens, spa, and a temple, the skyscraper-mansion is one of world's largest and most elaborate private homes."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2007 the Maharashtra state government said the structure is illegal because the land's owner, the Waqf Board, had no right to sell it, as Waqf property can neither be sold nor transferred."
},
{
"section_header": "Cost and valuation",
"text": "Antilia is the world's most expensive private home, costing approximately US$2 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antilia is a private home in the Mumbai City district (South Mumbai) of Mumbai, India."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2011 it was reported that Ambani had yet to move into the home, despite its completion, for fear of \"bad luck\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & The construction was completed by B.E.Billimoria & Company Ltd. The home has 27 floors with extra-high ceilings. (Other buildings of equivalent height may have as many as 60 floors.) The home was also designed to survive an earthquake rated 8 on the Richter scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction | Controversies",
"text": "In 2005, this property was purchased by Muffin-Antilla Commercial Private Limited, a commercial entity controlled by Mukesh Ambani, from the Currimbhoy Ebrahim Khoja Trust, in direct contravention of § 51 of the Wakf Act."
}
] |
Antila is the home of French billionaire Jean Jacques and the second most valuable residential property in the world.
| 1 | 4 |
Antilia (building)
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "Although use of the complex as a place of worship (mosque or church) was strictly prohibited, in 2006 the Turkish government allowed the allocation of a small room in the museum complex to be used as a prayer room for Christian and Muslim museum staff, and since 2013 from the minarets of the museum the muezzin sings the call to prayer twice per day, in the afternoon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey."
}
] |
J1t1XUxC09aabL4bbvXb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "Although use of the complex as a place of worship (mosque or church) was strictly prohibited, in 2006 the Turkish government allowed the allocation of a small room in the museum complex to be used as a prayer room for Christian and Muslim museum staff, and since 2013 from the minarets of the museum the muezzin sings the call to prayer twice per day, in the afternoon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "In March 2019 Erdoğan said that he will change the status of Hagia Sophia from a museum to a mosque, adding that it was a \"very big mistake\" to turn it into a museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the former Greek Orthodox Christian patriarchal cathedral, later an Ottoman imperial mosque and now a museum (Ayasofya Müzesi) in Istanbul, Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mosque (1453–1935)",
"text": "Before 1481, a small minaret was erected on the southwest corner of the building, above the stair tower."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "On November, the Turkish non-governmental organization, the Association for the Protection of Historic Monuments and the Environment filed a lawsuit for converting the museum into a mosque."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Basilica of the Hagia Sophia (current structure)",
"text": "π { \\displaystyle \\pi } (22/7) all derived values become rational: 70"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "On 13 May 2017 a large group of people, organized by the Anatolia Youth Association (AGD), gathered in front of Hagia Sophia and prayed the morning prayer with a call for the reconversion of the museum into a mosque."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Museum (1935–present)",
"text": "Court decided the it should stay as a 'monument museum'."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mosque (1453–1935)",
"text": "Being hopelessly trapped in the church, the many congregants and yet more refugees inside became spoils-of-war to be divided amongst the triumphant invaders."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mosque (1453–1935)",
"text": "The church's priests and religious personnel continued to perform Christian rites, prayers and ceremonies until finally being forced to stop by the invaders."
}
] |
It used to be a cathedral then a mosque before becoming a museum.
| 2 | 3 |
Hagia Sophia
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "There have been three fires in the tunnel, all on the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) shuttles, that were significant enough to close the tunnel, as well as other more minor incidents."
}
] |
J2NwNr2e6pO5SbWoBUSQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "The exact cause is unknown, although it was neither a Eurotunnel equipment nor rolling stock problem; it may have been due to arson of a heavy goods vehicle."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "Thirty-eight passengers and four members of Eurotunnel staff were evacuated into the service tunnel, and then transported to France using special STTS road vehicles in the Service Tunnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Operation | Usage and services | Freight traffic volumes",
"text": "Freight volumes have been erratic, with a major decrease during 1997 due to a closure caused by a fire in a freight shuttle."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Train failures",
"text": "The occasion was the first time that a Eurostar train was evacuated inside the tunnel; the failing of four at once was described as \"unprecedented\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Fires",
"text": "There have been three fires in the tunnel, all on the heavy goods vehicle (HGV) shuttles, that were significant enough to close the tunnel, as well as other more minor incidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Illegal immigration",
"text": "In several incidents people were injured during the crossing; others tampered with railway equipment, causing delays and requiring repairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "Owing to the risk of French personnel driving on their native right side of the road, sensors in the vehicles alert the driver if the vehicle strays to the right side."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Train failures",
"text": "On 3 August 2007, an electrical failure lasting six hours caused passengers to be trapped in the tunnel on a shuttle."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "The vehicles cannot turn around within the tunnel, and are driven from either end."
},
{
"section_header": "Mechanical incidents | Safety",
"text": "Drivers in the tunnel sit on the right, and the vehicles drive on the left."
}
] |
There have only been four major thermal incidents caused by combusting commercial vehicles.
| 2 | 7 |
Channel Tunnel
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yandex's main competitors on the Russian market are Google, Mail.ru, and Rambler."
}
] |
J35fJpxX79596xu5RBNC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "In September 2010, Yandex launched the Yandex Music service and significantly extended its music catalogue to 800,000 tracks from 58,000 performers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "In December 2010, Yandex launched Yandex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s",
"text": "In 2001, it launched the Yandex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010s",
"text": "Yandex denied any wrongdoing."
},
{
"section_header": "Offices",
"text": "Yandex has offices in 17 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s",
"text": "Maps services. On June 20, 2008, Yandex announced the formation of Yandex Labs in Silicon Valley."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s",
"text": "On June 16, 2008, Yandex acquired SMILink, a Russian road traffic monitoring agency, to merge it with Yandex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s",
"text": "In June 2006, the weekly revenue of Yandex."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000s",
"text": "In 2007, Yandex introduced a customized search engine for Ukrainian users; Yandex also opened its development center in Kiev in May 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yandex provides over 70 services in total."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yandex's main competitors on the Russian market are Google, Mail.ru, and Rambler."
}
] |
Yandex performs in the same industry sectors as Spotify.
| 0 | 0 |
Yandex
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "° 14′. Vega was the first star other than the Sun to be photographed and the first to have its spectrum recorded."
}
] |
J38WLnfbdMJWrSCSZRsk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From Earth, Vega is observed from the direction of one of these poles."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "In Babylonian astronomy, Vega may have been one of the stars named Dilgan, \"the Messenger of Light\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "Vega is one of six A0V stars that were used to set the initial mean values for this photometric system when it was introduced in the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "Since more massive stars use their fusion fuel more quickly than smaller ones, Vega's main-sequence lifetime is roughly one billion years, a tenth of the Sun's."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega has functioned as the baseline for calibrating the photometric brightness scale and was one of the stars used to define the zero point for the UBV photometric system."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was one of the first stars whose distance was estimated through parallax measurements."
},
{
"section_header": "Possible planetary system | Infrared excess",
"text": "One of the early results from the Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) was the discovery of excess infrared flux coming from Vega, beyond what would be expected from the star alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Observational history",
"text": "Since 1943, the spectrum of this star has served as one of the stable anchor points by which other stars are classified."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vega is only about a tenth of the age of the Sun, but since it is 2.1 times as massive, its expected lifetime is also one tenth of that of the Sun; both stars are at present approaching the midpoint of their life expectancies."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology and cultural significance",
"text": "He suggests that the \"slipping of Abhijit\" and ascension of Krittika refers to the gradual drop of Vega as a pole star before 13,000 BC.Medieval astrologers counted Vega as one of the Behenian stars and related it to chrysolite and winter savory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "° 14′. Vega was the first star other than the Sun to be photographed and the first to have its spectrum recorded."
}
] |
Vega has never been caught on film.
| 1 | 4 |
Vega
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange, located on Wall Street, and NASDAQ."
}
] |
J3MM9P9GUhx2Pr8VC9gH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Regulation",
"text": "Construction of the World Trade Center began in 1966, but had trouble attracting tenants when completed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Further, the loss of the World Trade Center has spurred development on a scale that had not been seen in decades."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "It was a wooden structure with a roof and open sides, although walls may have been added over the years and could hold approximately 50 men."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Abandoned coffee carts, glazed with dust from the collapse of the World Trade Center, lay on their sides across sidewalks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "A new World Trade Center complex centered on Daniel Libeskind's Memory Foundations and was under development after the 9/11 attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "The centerpiece, which is now a 1,776-foot (541 m) tall structure, opened in 2014 as the One World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Several other major exchanges have or had headquarters in the Wall Street area, including the New York Mercantile Exchange, the New York Board of Trade, and the former American Stock Exchange."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "Pier 11 near Wall Street's eastern end is a busy terminal for New York Waterway, NYC Ferry, New York Water Taxi, and SeaStreak."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "But when the World Trade Center was destroyed on September 11, 2001, it left an architectural void as new developments since the 1970s had played off the complex aesthetically."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Regulation",
"text": "In some respects, the nexus of the financial district moved from the street of Wall Street to the Trade Center complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wall Street is an eight-block-long street in the Financial District of New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, the New York Stock Exchange, located on Wall Street, and NASDAQ."
}
] |
Wall Street is in NYC and holds the biggest stock trade in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Wall Street
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "On 31 July 1999 a three-and-a-half meter high statue of Khachaturian in 19th-century realist style by Yuri Petrosyan was unveiled before the Khachaturian Hall of the Yerevan Opera Theater in attendance of President Robert Kocharyan, Speaker Karen Demirchyan and leading poet Silva Kaputikyan."
}
] |
J3cGx7yX403OQ4rbQBGs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "The philharmonic hall of the Yerevan Opera Theater has been officially called the Aram Khachaturian Grand Concert Hall since 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "On 31 July 1999 a three-and-a-half meter high statue of Khachaturian in 19th-century realist style by Yuri Petrosyan was unveiled before the Khachaturian Hall of the Yerevan Opera Theater in attendance of President Robert Kocharyan, Speaker Karen Demirchyan and leading poet Silva Kaputikyan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "In 1998, the Central Bank of Armenia issued 50-dram banknotes depicting Khachaturian's portrait and the Yerevan Opera Theater on the obverse and an episode from the ballet Gayane and Mount Ararat on the reverse."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "the festival of symphonic music Aram Khachaturian-93 was held in Yerevan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "The House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian in Yerevan was inaugurated in 1982.Music schools are named after Khachaturian in Tbilisi, Moscow (established in 1967, named after him in 1996),"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "A statue of Khachaturian by Georgiy Frangulyan was unveiled in Moscow on 31 October 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "The Aram Khachaturian International Competition (Արամ Խաչատրյանի անվան միջազգային մրցույթ) is held annually in Yerevan since 2003.In 2009, Russia's flag carrier, Aeroflot, named one of its Airbus A319-112 planes after Khachaturian."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Influences | Armenian folk music",
"text": "His plans to write an opera \"on the destiny of the Armenian people"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "In 1983, the Yerevan Studio produced a TV documentary film on Khachaturian."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "In 2004, TV Kultura, Russia's government-owned art channel, made a documentary on Khachaturian entitled Century of Aram Khachaturian (Век Арама Хачатуряна).In 1993"
}
] |
A statue of Aram was placed in front of the Khachaturian Hall of the Yerevan Opera Theater.
| 1 | 5 |
Aram Khachaturian
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe."
}
] |
J3isXZGEagZFUHn4W2Qy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1710–1716: Sweden and Northern Germany",
"text": "Charles was then at war with much of Northern Europe, and Stralsund was doomed."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace",
"text": "Yet, primarily due to internal conflicts in Great Britain and France, that did not happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "1710–1716: Sweden and Northern Germany",
"text": ", Brandenburg-Prussia openly joined the coalition by declaring war on Sweden in the summer of 1715."
},
{
"section_header": "1710–1716: Sweden and Northern Germany",
"text": "In nearby Greifswald, already lost to Sweden, Russian tsar Peter the Great and British king George I, in his position as Elector of Hanover, had just signed an alliance on 17 (OS)/28 (NS) October."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace",
"text": "Therefore, the war was finally concluded by the Treaty of Nystad between Russia and Sweden in Uusikaupunki (Nystad) on 30 August 1721 (OS)."
},
{
"section_header": "1710–1721: Finland",
"text": "The war between Russia and Sweden continued after the disaster of Poltava in 1709, though the shattered Swedish continental army could provide very little help."
},
{
"section_header": "1716–1718: Norway",
"text": "This resulted in Great Britain declaring war on Sweden in 1717."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The formal conclusion of the Great Northern War came with the Swedish-Hanoverian and Swedish-Prussian Treaties of Stockholm (1719), the Dano-Swedish Treaty of Frederiksborg (1720), and the Russo-Swedish Treaty of Nystad (1721)."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace",
"text": "George I and Frederik IV both coveted hegemony in northern Germany, while Augustus the Strong was concerned about the ambitions of Frederick William I on the southeastern Baltic coast."
}
] |
The Great Northern War happened between Germany and Russia.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Northern War
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "His family were Lithuanian Jewish emigrants."
}
] |
J3nR3nSadfpr0jB8AaiS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life, friends, and collaborators",
"text": "As of December 2018 his partner was Japanese-born dancer Saori Tsukada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "Glass was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the son of Ida (née Gouline) and Benjamin Charles Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "His family were Lithuanian Jewish emigrants."
}
] |
Philip Glass was born into an immigrant household.
| 2 | 4 |
Philip Glass
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927."
}
] |
J3txnPVhpnhwhJIUAjAk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The scientists depicted were Barbara McClintock, John von Neumann, Josiah Willard Gibbs, and Richard Feynman."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "The American Naturalist. The American Naturalist. 95 (884): 265–277."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "In 1947, McClintock received the Achievement Award from the American Association of University Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On May 4, 2005, the United States Postal Service issued the \"American Scientists\" commemorative postage stamp series, a set of four 37-cent self-adhesive stamps in several configurations."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "American Journal of Botany. American Journal of Botany. 32 (10): 671–678."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and recognition",
"text": "McClintock received the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievement in the Sciences of the American Philosophical Society in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thomas McClintock was the child of British immigrants; Sara Ryder Handy was descended from an old American Mayflower family."
}
] |
American scientist Barbara McClintock earned her PhD in paleontology.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel."
}
] |
J4syE9on4d4G20p2jkzG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In just four years Glenn Miller scored 16 number-one records and 69 top ten hits—more than Elvis Presley (38 top 10s) and the Beatles (33 top 10s) did in their careers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was traveling to entertain U.S. troops in France during World War II, Miller's aircraft disappeared in bad weather over the English Channel."
},
{
"section_header": "Army Air Forces Band: 1942–1944",
"text": "Many songs are sung in German by Johnny Desmond and Glenn Miller speaks in German about the war effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reaction",
"text": "After Miller died, the Miller estate maintained an unfriendly stance toward critics who derided the band during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Army Air Forces Band: 1942–1944",
"text": "Before Miller's disappearance, his music was used by World War II AFN radio broadcasting for entertainment and morale as well as counter-propaganda to denounce fascist oppression in Europe with even Miller once stating on radio: America means freedom and there's no expression of freedom quite so sincere as music."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance",
"text": "the Chicago Tribune reported that despite many theories that had been proposed, Miller's plane probably crashed because of its carburetor, which was of a type known to ice up in cold weather."
},
{
"section_header": "Army Air Forces Band: 1942–1944",
"text": "There were also the Miller-led AAF Orchestra-recorded songs with American singer Dinah Shore."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "But when Jack Teagarden joined Pollack's band in 1928, Miller found that his solos were cut drastically."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events",
"text": "Glenn Miller's widow, Helen, died in 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Army Air Force band legacy",
"text": "Today, most branches of the American military, in addition to concert and marching bands, have jazz orchestras, combos and even groups playing rock, country and bluegrass."
}
] |
Glenn Miller was an American big-band musician that had more top 10 songs than the Beatle and Elvis even though his career was cut short because he died in a plane crash during the second world war.
| 1 | 5 |
Glenn Miller
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1870."
}
] |
J4z3mguDYRKQSkD8jWpS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "John Jasper: the choirmaster of Cloisterham Cathedral, Edwin Drood's uncle and guardian, and Rosa Bud's music master."
},
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "Entitled John Jasper's Secret: Sequel to Charles Dickens' Mystery of Edwin Drood, it was rumoured to have been authored by Charles Dickens, Jr. and Wilkie Collins, despite Collins' disavowal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mystery of Edwin Drood is the final novel by Charles Dickens, originally published in 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the novel is named after the character Edwin Drood, it focuses more on Drood's uncle, John Jasper, a precentor, choirmaster and opium addict, who is in love with his pupil, Rosa Bud."
},
{
"section_header": "Continuations",
"text": "The Decoding of Edwin Drood (1980) by Charles Forsyte and The Mystery of Edwin Drood by David Madden (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hints and suspicions | The murderer",
"text": "Furthermore, Jasper is the only one who refers to Edwin Drood as \"Ned\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Trial of John Jasper",
"text": "John Jasper (played by Frederick T. Harry) stood trial for the murder of Edwin Drood."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Rosa Bud: an orphan and Edwin Drood's fiancée."
},
{
"section_header": "The Trial of John Jasper",
"text": "Chesterton ruled that the mystery of Edwin Drood was insoluble and fined everyone, except himself, for contempt of court."
},
{
"section_header": "Hints and suspicions | The murderer",
"text": "It is necessary, for Jasper strangles Edwin Drood with it.\" Dickens's son Charles stated that his father had told him unequivocally that Jasper was the murderer."
}
] |
The Mystery of Edwin Drood was the first book by Charles Dickens and was based on the character of Edwin Drood's uncle, John Jasper.
| 2 | 6 |
The Mystery of Edwin Drood
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
}
] |
J5OwnRtbpKcyQitBo0C6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Later excommunications of Henry IV",
"text": "Gregory, however, insisted as a necessary preliminary that Henry should appear before a Council and do penance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Election to the papacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII was one of the few popes elected by acclamation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII died in exile in Salerno; the epitaph on his sarcophagus in the city's Cathedral says: \"I have loved justice and hated iniquity; therefore, I die in exile.\" Gregory VII was beatified by Pope Gregory XIII in 1584 and canonized on 24 May 1728 by Pope Benedict XIII."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Gregory VII ( Latin: Gregorius VII; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085), born Hildebrand of Sovana ("
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "In 1074, he published an encyclical, absolving the people from their obedience to bishops who allowed married priests."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This was eagerly repeated by later opponents of the Catholic Church, such as the English Protestant John Foxe."
},
{
"section_header": "Internal policy and reforms",
"text": "The next year he enjoined them to take action against married priests, and deprived these clerics of their revenues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because this pope was such a prominent champion of papal supremacy, his memory was evoked on many occasions in later generations, both positively and negatively, often reflecting later writers' attitude to the Catholic Church and the papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Start of conflict with the Emperor | Pope and emperor depose each other",
"text": "On the following day, 22 February 1076, Pope Gregory VII pronounced a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV with all due solemnity, divested him of his royal dignity and absolved his subjects from the oaths they had sworn to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was the first pope in several centuries to rigorously enforce the Western Church's ancient policy of celibacy for the clergy and also attacked the practice of simony."
}
] |
Pope Gregory VII insisted that Catholic priests be celibate.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Gregory VII
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "Viruses display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called 'morphologies'."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Replication cycle",
"text": "Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble in the cell."
}
] |
J5QcVtrykmesTVzMiMfO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Replication cycle",
"text": "Whenever the host divides, the viral genome is also replicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome replication",
"text": "Viruses with larger genomes may encode much of this machinery themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Baltimore classification",
"text": "Viruses must generate mRNAs from their genomes to produce proteins and replicate themselves, but different mechanisms are used to achieve this in each virus family."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Replication cycle",
"text": "Instead, they use the machinery and metabolism of a host cell to produce multiple copies of themselves, and they assemble in the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome",
"text": "Among RNA viruses and certain DNA viruses, the genome is often divided up into separate parts, in which case it is called segmented."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Replication cycle",
"text": "Replication of viruses involves primarily multiplication of the genome."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome replication",
"text": "RNA viruses Replication of RNA viruses usually takes place in the cytoplasm."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Bacterial viruses",
"text": "The major way bacteria defend themselves from bacteriophages is by producing enzymes that destroy foreign DNA."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Genome replication",
"text": "DNA viruses The genome replication of most DNA viruses takes place in the cell's nucleus."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Replication cycle",
"text": "This mechanism has evolved to favour those viruses that infect only cells in which they are capable of replication."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure",
"text": "Viruses display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called 'morphologies'."
}
] |
Viruses cannot replicate merely by dividing themselves.
| 0 | 0 |
Virus
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues."
}
] |
J5Rrrg4zsWQzO93YAqhg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career pitching statistics | Comprehensive Negro league and Cuban League statistics for some seasons",
"text": "Negro league and Cuban League statistics and player information from Seamheads.com"
},
{
"section_header": "Career pitching statistics | Pre-league play in the United States",
"text": "Source: 1909 Cuban Stars statistics compiled by Scott Simkus. \" 1909 Cuban Stars\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "His first Cuban League season (January–March 1908), he went 9–0, and, along with veteran Joseíto Muñoz, led the Almendares Blues to the Cuban League pennant."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury and recovery: 1914–1928",
"text": "During the winters, Méndez returned to pitching in the Cuban League in 1920/21."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "In 1907 Méndez was discovered by Bebé Royer of the Almendares team in the Cuban League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of the first group of players elected to the Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "That summer he made his United States debut with the Cuban Stars and also went 3–0 for the Brooklyn Royal Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "More than one big leaguer from the states has faced him and left the plate with a wholesome respect for the great Cuban star."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury and recovery: 1914–1928",
"text": "His career Cuban League record was 76–28, and he ranks first all-time in career winning percentage (minimum of 40 wins) with .731."
},
{
"section_header": "Dominating pitcher: 1908–1914",
"text": "The Cincinnati Reds were visiting Havana playing the Cuban League teams, and Méndez completely dominated, pitching 25 consecutive scoreless innings in 3 appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Caridad Méndez (March 19, 1887 – October 31, 1928) was a Cuban right-handed pitcher and manager in baseball's Negro Leagues."
}
] |
Mendez is Cuban.
| 4 | 4 |
José Méndez
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg got her first programming job in 1969."
}
] |
J6ZA1KThysE8KIo6PR0A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Borg got her first programming job in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "She continued to lead the Institute for Women and Technology until 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "Several other awards and programs honor Borg's life and work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing",
"text": "With the initial idea of creating a conference by and for women computer scientists, Borg and Whitney met over dinner, with a blank sheet of paper, having no idea how to start a conference, and started to plan out their vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and early life",
"text": "Although she loved math while growing up, she did not originally intend to go into computer science and taught herself to program while working at a small insurance company."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Soon after starting at Xerox, she founded the Institute for Women and Technology, having previously founded the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "Borg was recognized for her accomplishments as a computer scientist, as well as for her work on behalf of women in computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Legacy",
"text": "As of 2017 this program is known as the Women Techmakers Scholars Program."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Awards and recognition",
"text": "She received the Augusta Ada Lovelace Award from the Association for Women in Computing for her work on behalf of women in the computing field in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Advocacy for technical women",
"text": "Borg passionately believed in working for greater representation of technical women."
}
] |
Anita Borg got her intial programming job in 1969 and her work continues to strive for women to have jobs in computing.
| 1 | 4 |
Anita Borg
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 19 he played for teams in Fort Worth, Texas and Guthrie, Oklahoma before joining the Philadelphia Giants."
}
] |
J7rx4xZLExjpucQdD3sB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "While playing for the Hilldale Club in 1918, Santop was drafted in July in Class 1-A."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Santop was born in Tyler, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Both Tyler, Texas natives, Santop yelled to Tesreau, \"You wouldn't throw at a hometown boy, would you?\" The gentle giant could, however, become perturbed if provoked."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At age 19 he played for teams in Fort Worth, Texas and Guthrie, Oklahoma before joining the Philadelphia Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Historians have said Santop served in the Navy. (reference needed) After the war, he was the league's biggest drawing card and received $500 a month, one of the highest salaries paid, playing for the Hilldale Daisies."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1910, his only full season with Philadelphia, Santop and Dick Redding formed a \"kid battery\", catcher and pitcher.(Riley) An amazing .406 lifetime hitter, Santop would often hit long home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m), 240-pound Santop was noted for his outlandishness and his confidence while playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In addition to the embarrassment, Santop was berated by his manager, Frank Warfield, in a public, profanity-filled tirade."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It was a Santop original. When Ruth and Santop faced each other in 1920, Ruth went 0–4, while Santop had 3 hits in 4 at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The following year, Biz Mackey took over as starting catcher, and Santop was released by the team the next season."
}
] |
Luis Santop did play for a club in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Louis Santop
|
Geography
| 10 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | American rule (1898–1946)",
"text": "A compensation of US$20 million was paid to Spain according to the terms of the 1898 Treaty of Paris."
}
] |
J99yBZQouoPAFiy3JoNk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Spanish rule (1565–1898)",
"text": "The Manila Galleons brought with them goods, settlers and military reinforcements destined for the Philippines, from Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American rule (1898–1946)",
"text": "By the end of the war it is estimated that over a million Filipinos had died."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Philippines bought its first satellite in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Military",
"text": "At 1.1 percent of GDP, the Philippines spent less on its military forces than the regional average."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spanish rule (1565–1898)",
"text": "The Spanish–Moro conflict lasted for several hundred years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Postcolonial period",
"text": "The return of democracy and government reforms beginning in 1986 were hampered by national debt, government corruption, coup attempts, disasters, a persistent communist insurgency, and a military conflict with Moro separatists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spanish rule (1565–1898)",
"text": "The reverse voyage also brought Asian commercial products and immigrants to the western side of the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "Palladium, originally discovered in South America, was found to have the world's largest deposits in the Philippines too."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Military",
"text": "However, the fallback of relationship between the two countries in favor of China and Russia resulted in the Philippines establishing deep defence ties and cooperation with the latter two, abandoning some military ties with the United States while affirming that the country will no longer participate in any US-led war."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American rule (1898–1946)",
"text": "A compensation of US$20 million was paid to Spain according to the terms of the 1898 Treaty of Paris."
}
] |
America bought the Philippines for twenty million dollars from the Spanish after the end of military conflict.
| 5 | 11 |
Philippines
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He pitched for the New York Giants the next season, but was sent back to the minors."
}
] |
J9ESEJstVs096VyDXC2t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "The former Whittenton Ballfield in Taunton, Massachusetts, is named in memory of Christy Mathewson, who played for the Taunton team in the New England Baseball League before he joined the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Mathewson (August 12, 1880 – October 7, 1925), nicknamed \"Big Six\", \"The Christian Gentleman\", \"Matty\", and \"The Gentleman's Hurler\", was a Major League Baseball right-handed pitcher, who played 17 seasons with the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "In 1915, Mathewson's penultimate season in New York, the Giants were the worst team in the National League standings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Football career",
"text": "While a member of the New York Giants, Mathewson played fullback for the Pittsburgh Stars of the first National Football League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league career and early major league career",
"text": "In 1899, Mathewson signed to play professional baseball with Taunton of the New England League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He pitched for the New York Giants the next season, but was sent back to the minors."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "In 10 of his 17 years in the majors, he was in double figures in RBIs, with a season-high of 20 in 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "he termed the \"fadeaway\" (later known in baseball as the \"screwball\"), which he learned from teammate Dave Williams in 1898.This reference is challenged by Ken Burns documentary Baseball in which it is stated that Mathewson learned his \"fadeaway\" from Andrew \"Rube\" Foster when New York Giants manager John Joseph McGraw quietly hired Rube to show the Giants bullpen what he knew."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career with the Giants",
"text": "During his 17-year career, Mathewson won 373 games and lost 188 for a .665 winning percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league career and early major league career",
"text": "In July of that year, the New York Giants purchased his contract from Norfolk for $1,500 (equivalent to $46,000 in 2019)."
}
] |
Christy Mathewson played his all of professional baseball career for the New York Giants for 17 full seasons.
| 0 | 0 |
Christy Mathewson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "They lost to West Germany 2–1 with Gerd Müller scoring the winning goal for the Germans."
}
] |
J9iqhy2UKsPsPqjK6ea7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Team image | Rivalries",
"text": "Beginning in 1974, when the Dutch lost the 1974 World Cup to West Germany in the final, the rivalry between the two nations has become one of the best-known in international football."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Rivalries",
"text": "To a lesser extent, the Netherlands maintains a rivalry with their other neighbour, Belgium; a Belgium–"
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Rivalries",
"text": "Deeply rooted in Dutch anti-German sentiment due to the occupation of the Netherlands by Germany during World War II, the Netherlands' long-time football rival is Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Rivalries",
"text": "They have played in 126 matches as of May 2018 with the two competing against each other regularly between 1905 and 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Netherlands has long-standing football rivalries with neighbors Belgium and Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Home stadiums",
"text": "It played host to the first Dutch international game back on March 29, 1997, with a 1998 World Cup qualification match against San Marino which the Netherlands won 4–0."
},
{
"section_header": "Team image | Kits and crest",
"text": "The lion on the crest is the Netherlands' national and royal animal and has been on the crest since 1907 when they won 3–1 over Belgium."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Golden generations: 1996–2014",
"text": "The Netherlands won the third-place match against hosts Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Total Football in the 1970s",
"text": "Carlos Alberto, captain of the Brazilian team that won the 1970 FIFA World Cup said, \"The only team I've seen that did things differently was Holland at the 1974 World Cup in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "After that protest, the game went to extra time where Argentina won 3–1 after scoring two goals in extra time."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitive record | FIFA World Cup",
"text": "They lost to West Germany 2–1 with Gerd Müller scoring the winning goal for the Germans."
}
] |
The national team has won every game against Germany in their rivalry.
| 0 | 0 |
Netherlands national football team
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The series was nominated for Best Drama Series by the inaugural 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards."
}
] |
JAkO487Td3HlrTdX8eEl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The series was nominated for Best Drama Series by the inaugural 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The Walking Dead was nominated for Best New Series by the Writers Guild of America Awards 2011 and Best Television Series Drama by the 68th Golden Globe Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "For the 41st Saturn Awards, the series received its highest number of nominations, with a total of seven, including for the series itself, Andrew Lincoln for Best Actor on Television, Norman Reedus for Best Supporting Actor on Television, Emily Kinney and Melissa McBride for Best Supporting Actress on Television, Andrew J. West for Best Guest Star on Television, and Chandler Riggs for Best Young Performer on Television."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Breach of contract suits",
"text": "Kirkman and the others said that despite the lawsuit, they will continue to work as \"partners\" with AMC to assure continued success of The Walking Dead and its spinoff series"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The series was named one of the top 10 television programs of 2010 by the American Film Institute Awards 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "Bye\" received three nominations from the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards—for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series and won for Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Miniseries, Movie, or Special."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has been nominated for several awards, including the Writers Guild of America Award for New Series and the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "For the 37th Saturn Awards, the series received six nominations—for Best Television Presentation, Andrew Lincoln for Best Actor in Television, Sarah Wayne Callies for Best Actress on Television, Steven Yeun for Best Supporting Actor in Television, Laurie Holden for Best Supporting Actress in Television, and Noah Emmerich for Best Guest Starring Role in Television."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawsuits | Breach of contract suits",
"text": "Darabont's suit contends that when the series's popularity took off, AMC presented a license fee deal to Darabont around February 2011 that used \"an unconscionably low license fee formula\" such that AMC could report the series running at a loss and ensuring that Darabont would never see any profit from the series; as an example, the suit references statements in 2012, following the second season, that AMC claimed the series was running at a $49 million deficit, despite being one of the most popular series in broadcast."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "The pilot episode \" Days Gone"
}
] |
It has not been nominated for any awards despite being a successful and widely known serie.
| 3 | 6 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "It is unknown exactly when Voltaire wrote Candide, but scholars estimate that it was primarily composed in late 1758 and begun as early as 1757."
}
] |
JB9dSkshPAiOwld7wu4v
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "In addition to this manuscript, there is believed to have been another, one copied by Wagnière for the Elector Charles-Théodore, who hosted Voltaire during the summer of 1758."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Derivative works",
"text": "Nedim Gürsel wrote his 2001 novel Le voyage de Candide à Istanbul about a minor passage in Candide during which its protagonist meets Ahmed III, the deposed Turkish sultan."
},
{
"section_header": "Philosophy | Inside vs. outside interpretations",
"text": "They believe that Candide's final decision is the same as Voltaire's, and see a strong connection between the development of the protagonist and his author."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical and literary background",
"text": "Aldridge writes, \"Since Voltaire admitted familiarity with fifteenth-century German authors who used a bold and buffoonish style, it is quite possible that he knew Simplicissimus as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Some twentieth-century novels that may have been influenced by Candide are dystopian science-fiction works."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Despite solid evidence for these claims, a popular legend persists that Voltaire wrote Candide in three days."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "The twentieth-century modern artist Paul Klee stated that it was while reading Candide that he discovered his own artistic style."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "It is unknown exactly when Voltaire wrote Candide, but scholars estimate that it was primarily composed in late 1758 and begun as early as 1757."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bannings of Candide lasted into the twentieth century in the United States, where it has long been considered a seminal work of Western literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Immediately after publication, the work and its author were denounced by both secular and religious authorities, because the book openly derides government and church alike."
}
] |
It is believed that the author of Candide wrote it during the 18th century.
| 0 | 0 |
Candide
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since she was born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship of Australia and the United States."
}
] |
JBMEq6EEfBSoNUWsWet0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicole Mary Kidman (born 20 June 1967) is an Australian actress, philanthropist and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Biographical and independent films (2010–2015)",
"text": "She lent her voice to a promotional video that Australia used to support its bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "The couple adopted a daughter, Isabella Jane Cruise (born 1992), and a son, Connor Antony (born 1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since she was born to Australian parents in Hawaii, Kidman has dual citizenship of Australia and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "In 2015, former Church of Scientology executive Mark Rathbun claimed in a documentary film that he was instructed to \"facilitate [Cruise's] break-up with Nicole Kidman\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kidman was born on 20 June 1967, in Honolulu, Hawaii, while her Australian parents were temporarily in the United States on student visas."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and children",
"text": "The couple's first daughter, Sunday Rose, was born in 2008, in Nashville."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Among others, Kidman also narrated an audiobook in 2012.In 2017, she and Nicolle Gaylon sang backing vocals on her husband, country music singer Keith Urban's song \"Female\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Being born in Hawaii, she was given the Hawaiian name \"Hōkūlani\", meaning \"heavenly star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The inspiration came from a baby elephant born around the same time at the Honolulu Zoo."
}
] |
Nicole Kidman was born in the U.S.
| 2 | 5 |
Nicole Kidman
|
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