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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Around 230 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Proposed alternative candidates include Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford."
}
] |
mLfbNN3jeoir7SCG7Vjr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "According to Shakespearean scholar James Shapiro, in Julius Caesar, \"the various strands of politics, character, inwardness, contemporary events, even Shakespeare's own reflections on the act of writing, began to infuse each other\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | London and theatrical career",
"text": "After 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned by a group of players, including Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing company in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Plays",
"text": "The titular hero of one of Shakespeare's greatest tragedies, Hamlet, has probably been discussed more than any other Shakespearean character, especially for his famous soliloquy which begins \"To be or not to be; that is the question\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Classification of the plays",
"text": "Two plays not included in the First Folio, The Two Noble Kinsmen and Pericles, Prince of Tyre, are now accepted as part of the canon, with today's scholars agreeing that Shakespeare made major contributions to the writing of both."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Scholars have identified 20,000 pieces of music linked to Shakespeare's works."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Scholars find evidence both for and against Shakespeare's Catholicism, Protestantism, or lack of belief in his plays, but the truth may be impossible to prove."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Scholars refer to the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's \"lost years\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Religion",
"text": "Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeare's family were Catholics, at a time when practising Catholicism in England was against the law."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Shakespeare is also supposed to have taken his revenge on Lucy by writing a scurrilous ballad about him."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | London and theatrical career",
"text": "It is not known definitively when Shakespeare began writing, but contemporary allusions and records of performances show that several of his plays were on the London stage by 1592."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Around 230 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Speculation about Shakespeare | Authorship",
"text": "Proposed alternative candidates include Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford."
}
] |
Some scholars question Shakespeare's own involvement in the writing of his plays.
| 0 | 0 |
William Shakespeare
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans."
}
] |
mMjrG2cKrKJn7ccvLaO0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "The species Trichinella spiralis, commonly known as the 'trichina worm', occurs in rats, pigs, bears, and humans, and is responsible for the disease trichinosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Rotations of plants with nematode-resistant species or varieties is one means of managing parasitic nematode infestations."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Plant-parasitic nematodes include several groups causing severe crop losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "In contrast, entomopathogenic nematodes parasitize insects and are mostly considered beneficial by humans, but some attack beneficial insects."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Some nematode species transmit plant viruses through their feeding activity on roots."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "A newly discovered parasitic tetradonematid nematode, Myrmeconema neotropicum, apparently induces fruit mimicry in the tropical ant Cephalotes atratus."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Parasite eggs passed in the bird's feces are subsequently collected by foraging C. atratus and are fed to their larvae, thus completing the lifecycle of M. neotropicum."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Several phytoparasitic nematode species cause histological damages to roots, including the formation of visible galls (e.g. by root-knot nematodes), which are useful characters for their diagnostic in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Plant-parasitic nematodes are often known as eelworms and attack leaves and buds."
}
] |
The species occur as parasites.
| 2 | 7 |
Nematoda
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Location and jetties",
"text": "The gateway stands at an angle, opposite to the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel, which was built in 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and architecture",
"text": "Hence, the gateway stands at an angle to the road leading up to it."
}
] |
mMt3mdCNkSUOQy3A1i8Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and jetties",
"text": "The gateway stands at an angle, opposite to the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel, which was built in 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and architecture",
"text": "Hence, the gateway stands at an angle to the road leading up to it."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "The gateway was built to commemorate the arrival of George V, Emperor of India and Mary of Teck, Empress consort, in India at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai (then Bombay) on 2 December 1911 prior to the Delhi Durbar of 1911; it was the first visit of a British monarch to India."
},
{
"section_header": "History and significance",
"text": "Gammon India had undertaken construction work for the gateway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the time of the royal visit, the gateway was not yet built, and a cardboard structure greeted the monarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is located on the waterfront at an angle, opposite the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel and overlooks the Arabian Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism and development",
"text": "The gateway is a protected monument in Maharashtra under the aegis of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After its construction the gateway was used as a symbolic ceremonial entrance to British India for important colonial personnel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gateway is also the monument from where the last British troops left India in 1948, following Indian independence."
}
] |
Gateway of India is an angled arch-monument built in the the early 1900's.
| 0 | 0 |
Gateway of India
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold more than 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists."
}
] |
mNkHTTqSUdf2gHctHKz9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer, songwriter, pianist, and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Elton John Band",
"text": "Since 1970, John's band, of which he is the pianist and lead singer, has been known as the Elton John Band."
},
{
"section_header": "Elton John Band",
"text": "Cooper has worked on and off with the Elton John Band, because he maintains obligations to other musicians as a session player and sideman as a road-tour percussionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Union to Wonderful Crazy Night (2010–2018)",
"text": "Danny Eccleston in Mojo pointed out that “in one of the series’ most extraordinary moments, Elton John arrives toting a box-fresh lyric by Bernie Taupin and works it up in an instant, the song materializing in front of the viewers' eyes before John and Jack White go for the take."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Football",
"text": "On 13 December 2014, he appeared at Watford's Vicarage Road with his husband and sons for the opening of the \"Sir Elton John stand\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musicianship",
"text": "Elton John has written with Bernie Taupin since 1967, when he answered an advertisement for talent placed in the popular UK music publication, New Musical Express, by Liberty records A&R man Ray Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pub pianist to staff songwriter (1962–1969)",
"text": "At their first meeting, Williams gave John an unopened envelope of lyrics written by Bernie Taupin, who had answered the same ad."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pub pianist to staff songwriter (1962–1969)",
"text": "He legally changed his name to Elton Hercules John on 7 January 1972.The team of John and Taupin joined Dick James's DJM Records as staff songwriters in 1968, and over the next two years wrote material for various artists, among them Roger Cook and Lulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Rocket Record Company to 21 at 33 (1974–1980)",
"text": ", they're employed by Elton John.\" She said Olsson would return to solo work and Murray would do session work \"and possibly cut a solo album\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards",
"text": "The 2019 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song went to John for \"I'm Gonna Love Me Again\", shared with Bernie Taupin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Collaborating with lyricist Bernie Taupin since 1967 on more than 30 albums, John has sold more than 300 million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists."
}
] |
English singer Sir Elton Hercules John worked with Bernie Taupin.
| 0 | 0 |
Elton John
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a working-class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of steelworkers whose lives were changed forever after fighting in the Vietnam War."
}
] |
mNnNAX55uFlZgzaZtsSQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top-ten lists",
"text": "Ebert also placed Deer Hunter on his list of the best films of the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story takes place in Clairton, Pennsylvania, a working-class town on the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh, and in Vietnam."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Producer Michael Deeley, who bought the script, hired writer/director Michael Cimino who, with Deric Washburn, rewrote the script, taking the Russian roulette element and placing it in the Vietnam War."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-production",
"text": "The movie was endless. It was The Deer Hunter and the Hunter and the Hunter."
},
{
"section_header": "Filming | The bar and the steel mill",
"text": "Other filming took place in Pittsburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"However , The Deer Hunter was not without critical backlash."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards | Lead-up to awards season",
"text": "Jane Fonda also criticized The Deer Hunter in public."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "The Deer Hunter has twice been released on DVD in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Pre-production | Screenplay | Washburn's claim",
"text": "Washburn did not interview any veterans to write The Deer Hunter nor do any research."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Revisionism following Heaven's Gate",
"text": "the same stupidity and incoherence had been amply evident in The Deer Hunter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Deer Hunter is a 1978 American epic war drama film co-written and directed by Michael Cimino about a trio of steelworkers whose lives were changed forever after fighting in the Vietnam War."
}
] |
The Deer Hunter is a novel that takes place in Colorado.
| 0 | 0 |
The Deer Hunter
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "In 1960, a teacher in Tulsa, Oklahoma was fired for assigning the novel in class; however, she was later reinstated."
}
] |
mNtWu7Bad2iQY3IzAdsj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "When asked if he cares about anything, Holden shares a selfless fantasy he has been thinking about (based on a mishearing of Robert Burns's Comin' Through the Rye), in which he imagines himself as making a job of saving children running through a field of rye by catching them before they fell off a nearby cliff (a \"catcher in the rye\")."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The story \"I'm Crazy\", which was published in the December 22, 1945 issue of Collier's, contained material that was later used in The Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "According to the American Library Association, The Catcher in the Rye was the 10th most frequently challenged book from 1990 to 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "This \"catcher in the rye\" is an analogy for Holden, who admires in children"
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "I never saw him. That was J.D. Salinger and that was Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bill Gates said that The Catcher in the Rye is one of his favorite books."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Shelley Keller-Gage, a high school teacher who faced objections after assigning the novel in her class, noted that \"the challengers are being just like Holden... They are trying to be catchers in the rye.\" A Streisand effect has been that this incident caused people to put themselves on the waiting list to borrow the novel, when there was no waiting list before."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Various older stories by Salinger contain characters similar to those in The Catcher in the Rye."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | In film",
"text": "The enduring success of The Catcher in the Rye, however, has resulted in repeated attempts to secure the novel's screen rights."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "In 1960, a teacher in Tulsa, Oklahoma was fired for assigning the novel in class; however, she was later reinstated."
}
] |
Somebody once lost their job for using The Catcher in the Rye in their curriculum.
| 3 | 3 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The classroom scenes were filmed at McLennan Physical Laboratories (of the University of Toronto) and Central Technical School."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Although the story is set in Boston, and many of the scenes were done on location in the Greater Boston area, many of the interior shots were filmed at locations in Toronto, with the University of Toronto standing in for MIT and Harvard University."
}
] |
mO1oYAxeOsido8ns7obi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Goldman consistently denied the persistent rumor that he wrote Good Will Hunting or acted as a script doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The musical score for Good Will Hunting was composed by Danny Elfman, who had previously collaborated with Gus Van Sant on To Die For and would go on to score many of the director's other films."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The classroom scenes were filmed at McLennan Physical Laboratories (of the University of Toronto) and Central Technical School."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Although the story is set in Boston, and many of the scenes were done on location in the Greater Boston area, many of the interior shots were filmed at locations in Toronto, with the University of Toronto standing in for MIT and Harvard University."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Owen Gleiberman, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave the film a \"B\", stating \"Good Will Hunting is stuffed — indeed, overstuffed — with heart, soul, audacity, and blarney."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Likewise, only the exterior shots of Bunker Hill Community College were filmed in Boston; however, Sean's office was built in Toronto as an exact replica of one at the college."
},
{
"section_header": "Mathematics",
"text": "\"Patrick O'Donnell, professor of physics at University of Toronto, served as mathematical consultant for the film production."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "He declined, saying they needed a \"good director\" and that he only directs things he writes and is not much of a visual director, but still served as one of the film's executive producers."
}
] |
Good Will Hunting was filmed in Toronto.
| 0 | 0 |
Good Will Hunting
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During the early years of his career, Molitor began using cocaine and marijuana."
}
] |
mOBRN5sSwXHQnTHN78VP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During the trial of a drug dealer in 1984, Molitor admitted that he had used drugs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Molitor was born in Saint Paul, Minnesota."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Leo Molitor (born August 22, 1956), nicknamed \"Molly\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "You find a positive in it. It makes you appreciate the things that are good.\" He claims to have stopped using drugs in 1981, and has since visited schools to lecture about the dangers of drug use."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Many years later, he said, \"There are things you're not so proud of — failures, mistakes, dabbling in drugs, a young ballplayer in the party scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Milwaukee Brewers",
"text": "Near the end of the streak, columnist Mike Downey wrote that \"the amazing thing about Paul Molitor's recent bat-o-rama is not that he has hit in 33 straight games but that he has played in 33 straight games."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Milwaukee Brewers",
"text": "Molitor batted .355 during the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching and managerial career | Early career",
"text": "Molitor was a hitting coach with the Mariners in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Only Ichiro and Molitor played beyond 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Milwaukee Brewers",
"text": "Molitor was moved to third base before the 1982 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During the early years of his career, Molitor began using cocaine and marijuana."
}
] |
Paul Molitor did take drugs when he was younger.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Molitor
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America, the 21st-busiest airport in the world, the sixth-busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest airport in the New York airport system, having handled over 62.5 million passengers in 2019."
}
] |
mOJpax8ywMEc8N2lwg1a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later operation",
"text": "The airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 24, 1963, a month and two days after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy; Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. proposed the renaming to JFK."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America, the 21st-busiest airport in the world, the sixth-busiest airport in the United States, and the busiest airport in the New York airport system, having handled over 62.5 million passengers in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Runways",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport spans 5,200 acres or 21 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK) (colloquially referred to as JFK Airport) is an international airport in Queens, New York, USA."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the primary international airport serving New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Former terminals | International Arrivals Building",
"text": "The International Arrivals Building (IAB) was opened in 1957, and was replaced with Terminal 4 in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Separate terminals",
"text": "By 1954, Idlewild had the highest volume of international air traffic of any airport globally."
}
] |
John F. Kennedy International Airport is the busiest international airport in North America.
| 0 | 0 |
John F. Kennedy International Airport
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
mOZQ3TNHlR3fgd4p252U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Waner was interviewed for the 1966 book The Glory of Their Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Ted Williams credited Waner with advising him to move away from the plate to successfully combat the \"Williams\" shift."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Traynor and Waner went to a bar before playing the Giants on May 19, and when Waner ordered a beer"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the third child of five of Ora and Etta Waner."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "In 1935 it was suggested by manager Pie Traynor that Waner give up hard liquor and switch to beer, and this resulted in Waner only hitting .242 on May 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Separate efforts by the Waner family and two longtime Pirates fans, who repeatedly petitioned Pirates then-owner Kevin McClatchy to honor Waner by retiring his uniform number, were eventually successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Waner was named to the National Baseball Hall of Fame on July 21, 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Waner was born in Harrah in the Oklahoma Territory, four years before the region became a state."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "By his measure, 1931 was a disappointing year for Waner who was injured and missed time during spring training."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Casey Stengel once stated that Waner was the best right fielder in National League history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
Waner passed away in 1966.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Waner
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "The First Enlargement was completed in 1862, with further minor enlargements in later decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "The Genesee Valley Canal was later abandoned and became the route of the Genesee Valley Canal Railroad."
}
] |
mPK9siitk9Dunsu81w7e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Competition",
"text": "As the railroad served the same general route as the canal, but provided for faster travel, passengers soon switched to it."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Champlain Canal, a separate but connected 64-mile (103 km) north-south route from Watervliet on the Hudson to Lake Champlain, opened on the same date."
},
{
"section_header": "Locks",
"text": "The place of \"Lock E1\" on the passage from the lower Hudson River to Lake Erie is taken by the Troy Federal Lock, located just north of Troy, New York, and is not part of the Erie Canal System proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Concern that erosion caused by logging in the Adirondacks could silt up the canal contributed to the creation in 1885 of another New York National Historic Landmark, the Adirondack Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "With several miles of the Canal inland of this location still lying under 20th-century fill and urban construction, the effective western navigable terminus of the Erie Canal is found at Tonawanda."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "The Erie made use of the favorable conditions of New York's unique topography, which provided that area with the only break in the Appalachians south of the Saint Lawrence River."
},
{
"section_header": "Proposals and logistics | Proposals",
"text": "Their efforts led to the creation of the \"Western and Northern Inland Lock Navigation Companies\" in 1792, which took the first steps to improve navigation on the Mohawk and construct a canal between the Mohawk and Lake Ontario, but it was soon discovered that private financing was insufficient."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "From the Tonawanda south toward Buffalo, it ran just east of the Niagara River, where it reached its \"Western Terminus\" at Little Buffalo Creek (later it became the Commercial Slip), which discharged into the Buffalo River just above its confluence with Lake Erie."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "The canal began on the west side of the Hudson River at Albany, and ran north to Watervliet, where the Champlain Canal branched off."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "Canal barges can carry a short ton of cargo 514 miles (827 km) on one gallon of diesel fuel, while a gallon allows a train to haul the same amount of cargo 202 miles (325 km) and a truck 59 miles (95 km)."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "The First Enlargement was completed in 1862, with further minor enlargements in later decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "The Genesee Valley Canal was later abandoned and became the route of the Genesee Valley Canal Railroad."
}
] |
The Erie Canal has taken the same route since its creation.
| 3 | 5 |
Erie Canal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "The combination of extreme weather conditions, Western attempts at colonizing China, and growing anti-imperialist sentiment fueled the movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "On 1 November 1897, a band of armed men who were perhaps members of the Big Swords Society stormed the residence of a German missionary from the Society of the Divine Word and killed two priests."
}
] |
mPKiJAgRnXT7PiyXg3wp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "In the U.S. military, the action in the Boxer Rebellion was known as the China Relief Expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "The international force suffered its heaviest casualties of the Boxer Rebellion in the Battle of Tianjin."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "United States Marines scaling the walls of Beijing is an iconic image of the Boxer Rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "British Lieutenant-General Alfred Gaselee acted as the commanding officer of the Eight-Nation Alliance, which eventually numbered 55,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "They led the defeat of the Alliance at Langfang in the Seymour Expedition and were the most ferocious in besieging the Legations in Beijing."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "Lieutenant Butler was wounded during the expedition in the leg and chest, later receiving the Brevet Medal in recognition for his actions."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "\"A major cause of discontent in north China was missionary activity."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "The national crisis was widely considered as caused by foreign aggression."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "Two of them were under the command of the anti-Boxer Prince Qing and Ronglu, while the anti-foreign Prince Duan commanded the ten-thousand-strong Hushenying, or \"Tiger Spirit Division\", which had joined the Gansu Braves and Boxers in attacking the foreigners."
},
{
"section_header": "Boxer War | Gaselee Expedition",
"text": "On 4 August, there were approximately 70,000 Qing imperial troops and anywhere from 50,000 to 100,000 Boxers along the way."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "The combination of extreme weather conditions, Western attempts at colonizing China, and growing anti-imperialist sentiment fueled the movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Causes of conflict and unrest",
"text": "On 1 November 1897, a band of armed men who were perhaps members of the Big Swords Society stormed the residence of a German missionary from the Society of the Divine Word and killed two priests."
}
] |
The Boxer Rebellion was caused by the Gaselee expedition.
| 0 | 0 |
Boxer Rebellion
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Layout",
"text": "Escobar notes that the later planting of deciduous elms obscures the overall perception of the layout, so a better reading of the original landscape is given in winter when the trees are bare."
}
] |
mPTtbZs017dg4tniYbS2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Main structures | Other features",
"text": "The palace and the Upper Alhambra also contain baths, rows of bedrooms and summer-rooms, a whispering gallery and labyrinth, and vaulted sepulchres."
},
{
"section_header": "Main structures | Court of the Myrtles",
"text": "Because water was usually in short supply, the technology required to keep these pools full was expensive and difficult."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "During the reign of the Nasrid Dynasty, the Alhambra was transformed into a palatine city, complete with an irrigation system composed of acequias for the gardens of the Generalife located outside the fortress."
},
{
"section_header": "Layout",
"text": "Another ravine separates it from the Generalife, the summer pleasure gardens of the emir."
},
{
"section_header": "Layout",
"text": "Escobar notes that the later planting of deciduous elms obscures the overall perception of the layout, so a better reading of the original landscape is given in winter when the trees are bare."
},
{
"section_header": "Layout",
"text": "The private, internalised universe of the Palacio de Los Leones (Palace of the Lions) adjoins the public spaces at right angles (see Plan illustration) but was originally connected only by the function of the Royal Baths, the Eye of Aixa's Room serving as the exquisitely decorated focus of meditation and authority overlooking the refined garden of Lindaraja/Daraxa toward the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Main structures",
"text": "Beyond the Alcazaba is the palace of the Moorish rulers, The Nasrid Palaces or Alhambra proper, and beyond this is the Alhambra Alta (Upper Alhambra), originally occupied by officials and courtiers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The creation of the Sultan's Canal solidified the identity of the Alhambra as a palace-city rather than a defensive and ascetic structure."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Previously, the old Alhambra structure had been dependent upon rainwater collected from a cistern and from what could be brought up from the Albaicín."
},
{
"section_header": "Main structures",
"text": "The Alhambra resembles many medieval Christian strongholds in its threefold arrangement as a castle, a palace and a residential annex for subordinates."
}
] |
It is difficult to see the outside structure of the Alhambra in the summer because of the trees.
| 1 | 4 |
The Alhambra
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They divorced in July 1995. Sandberg married Margaret in August 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "As of June 24, 2015 Sandberg married his high school sweetheart, Cindy, and the couple had two children, Justin and Lindsey."
}
] |
mPlpYpJ7LMP0mTLJAIuI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sandberg was a three-sport star in high school at North Central and graduated in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "As of June 24, 2015 Sandberg married his high school sweetheart, Cindy, and the couple had two children, Justin and Lindsey."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The previous fall he was named to Parade Magazine's High School All-America football team, one of the eight quarterbacks, and one of two players from the state of Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They divorced in July 1995. Sandberg married Margaret in August 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was named for relief pitcher Ryne Duren."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The school's baseball field was named in his honor in 1985 as \"Ryne Sandberg Field\", and his varsity number was retired in both football and baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryne Dee Sandberg (born September 18, 1959), nicknamed \"Ryno\", is an American former professional baseball player, coach, and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "However, Sandberg had hit over .290 in the minors two years in a row."
},
{
"section_header": "Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "The two remained close over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Managerial career | 2011–2015 | Phillies manager",
"text": "On September 22, 2013, Sandberg was named permanent manager, with a three-year contract, with an option for 2017."
}
] |
Ryne Sandberg divorced his high school girlfriend after fifteen years of marraige.
| 4 | 5 |
Ryne Sandberg
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "Main Street, U.S.A. has a train station, town square, movie theater, city hall, firehouse with a steam-powered pump engine, emporium, shops, arcades, double-decker bus, horse-drawn streetcar, and jitneys."
}
] |
mPp16t7v0TqXfqe0HSez
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "Main Street, U.S.A. is patterned after a typical Midwest town of the early 20th century, and took much inspiration from Walt Disney's hometown, Marceline, Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "Main Street, U.S.A. has a train station, town square, movie theater, city hall, firehouse with a steam-powered pump engine, emporium, shops, arcades, double-decker bus, horse-drawn streetcar, and jitneys."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Transportation",
"text": "Each 1900s-era train departs Main Street Station on an excursion that includes scheduled station stops at: New Orleans Square Station; Toontown Depot; and Tomorrowland Station."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment",
"text": "The Disneyland Band, which has been part of the park since its opening, plays the role of the Town Band on Main Street, U.S.A. It also breaks out into smaller groups like the Main Street Strawhatters, the Hook and Ladder Co., and the Pearly Band in Fantasyland."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "Buildings along Main Street are built at 3⁄4 scale on the first level, then 5⁄8 on the second story, and 1⁄2 scale on the third—reducing the scale by 1⁄8 each level up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1990s",
"text": "Upon completion in 2000, it was the largest parking structure in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Transportation",
"text": "The monorail was originally a loop built with just one station in Tomorrowland."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "The design of Main Street, U.S.A. uses the technique of forced perspective to create an illusion of height."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Live entertainment | Fireworks shows",
"text": "Independence Day Week: Disney's Celebrate America: A 4th of July Concert in the Sky"
},
{
"section_header": "Lands | Main Street, U.S.A.",
"text": "Main Street is also home to the Disney Art Gallery and the Opera House which showcases Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln, a show featuring an Audio-Animatronic version of the president."
}
] |
Main Street, United States of America, which has a train station and town square, is built like a Midwest town and was inspired by Walt Disney's childhood hometown.
| 2 | 6 |
Disneyland
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Disney's property includes four golf courses."
}
] |
mPuEEdYHKKlbJZchTjpo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Arnold Palmer Golf Management manages the Disney golf courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Summer is the more challenging of the two 18-hole courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "The three 18-hole golf courses are Disney's Palm (4.5 stars), Disney's Magnolia (4 stars), and Disney's Lake Buena Vista (4 stars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Disney's property includes four golf courses."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Fantasia Fairways is a traditional golf course on miniature scale having water hazards and sand traps."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "Additionally, there are two themed miniature golf complexes, each with two courses, Fantasia Gardens and Winter Summerland."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Planning and construction | Conception",
"text": "Three days later after gathering more information from various sources, the Sentinel published another article headlined, \"We Say: 'Mystery Industry' Is Disney\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | Employment",
"text": "In 2020, Walt Disney World employs more than 77,000 cast members."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2018, Walt Disney World was the most visited vacation resort in the world, with an average annual attendance of more than 58 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Attractions | Golf and recreation",
"text": "The Garden course is a traditional miniature-style course based on the \"Fantasia\" movies with musical holes, water fountains and characters."
}
] |
Disney World has more than three golf courses.
| 3 | 6 |
Walt Disney World
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Called \"Jude the Obscene\" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics."
}
] |
mQOGZhIU0vbFTPHZJL91
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The unhappy marriages, the religious and philosophical questioning, and the social problems dealt with in Jude the Obscure appear in many other Hardy novels, as well as in Hardy's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Elements of the ITV drama Broadchurch are drawn from the life and works of Thomas Hardy, and one character says in a police interview that he had read the book Jude the Obscure."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Although horrified at the thought of resuming her marriage with Phillotson, she becomes convinced that, for religious reasons, she should never have left him."
},
{
"section_header": "Reviews",
"text": "Called \"Jude the Obscene\" by at least one reviewer, Jude the Obscure received a harsh reception from some scandalized critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "After one final, desperate visit to Sue in freezing weather, Jude becomes seriously ill and dies within the year in Christminster, thwarted in his ambition to achieve fame in his studies as well as in his love."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "By this time, Jude has abandoned his classical studies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Sue and Jude spend some time living together without any sexual relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "As an exemplification of this idea, one can turn to Sue’s final decision to leave Jude."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, theatrical, and podcast adaptations",
"text": "A podcast called \"Obscure\" where Michael Ian Black reads Jude The Obscure with commentary, was released in May of 2018"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "However, unlike Jude, Hardy's mother was well-read, and she educated Thomas until he went to his first school at Bockhampton at age eight, and he attended school in Dorchester, where he learned Latin and demonstrated academic potential, until he became an apprentice at 16.Another parallel between the book's characters and themes and Hardy's actual life experience"
}
] |
Jude the Obscure was thought of extremely well by readers of its time for its unconventional characters and insights on marriage.
| 2 | 6 |
Jude the Obscure
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The Star Wars franchise depicts the adventures of characters \"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away\", in which humans and many species of aliens (often humanoid) co-exist with robots, or 'droids', who may assist them in their daily routines; space travel between planets is common due to lightspeed hyperspace technology."
}
] |
mQsaluRgiXRxbAcibZzh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "The Star Wars film series centers around three sets of trilogies, which are collectively referred to as the \"Skywalker saga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The Star Wars franchise depicts the adventures of characters \"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away\", in which humans and many species of aliens (often humanoid) co-exist with robots, or 'droids', who may assist them in their daily routines; space travel between planets is common due to lightspeed hyperspace technology."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Academia",
"text": "Others have used the films to encourage second-level students to integrate technology in the science classroom by making prototype lightsabers."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise | Fictional timeline",
"text": "The Star Wars canon fictional universe spans multiple eras, including three focused around each of the film trilogies: The Age of Republic: The era of the prequel trilogy, in which the democratic Galactic Republic is corrupted by its ruler, Palpatine—secretly the Sith lord Darth Sidious."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "In 1993, LucasArts released Star Wars: X-Wing, the first self-published Star Wars video game and the first space flight simulator based on the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Sequel trilogy",
"text": "Lucas decided to leave the franchise in the hands of other filmmakers, announcing in January 2012 that he would make no more Star Wars films."
},
{
"section_header": "Television",
"text": "The Star Wars franchise has been spun off to various television productions, including two animated series released in the mid-1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Historical influences",
"text": "Political science has been an important element of Star Wars since the franchise launched in 1977, focusing on a struggle between democracy and dictatorship."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "The Star Wars franchise has spawned over one hundred computer, video, and board games, dating back to some of the earliest home consoles."
}
] |
Star Wars franchise is centered around futuristic technology.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The United States had a life expectancy of 78.6 years at birth in 2017, which was the third year of declines in life expectancy following decades of continuous increase."
}
] |
mQwCmc81l6KhMn581iPO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Life expectancy was highest among Asians and Hispanics and lowest among blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The United States had a life expectancy of 78.6 years at birth in 2017, which was the third year of declines in life expectancy following decades of continuous increase."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European settlements",
"text": "Because of less disease and better food and treatment, the life expectancy of slaves was much higher in North America than further south, leading to a rapid increase in the numbers of slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "According to CDC and Census Bureau data, deaths from suicide, alcohol and drug overdoses hit record highs in 2017.Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 11th in the world in 1987, to 42nd in 2007, and as of 2017 the country had the lowest life expectancy among Japan, Canada, Australia, the UK, and seven countries of western Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | European settlements",
"text": "Despite continuing, new arrivals, the rate of natural increase was such that by the 1770s only a small minority of Americans had been born overseas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country mostly located in central North America, between Canada and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The recent decline, primarily among the age group 25 to 64, is largely due to sharp increases in the drug overdose and suicide rates; the country has one of the highest suicide rates among wealthy countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Civil War and Reconstruction era",
"text": "Blacks faced racial segregation, especially in the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography, climate, and environment",
"text": "At an elevation of 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m), Alaska's Denali is the highest peak in the country and in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Indigenous peoples and pre-Columbian history",
"text": "It has been generally accepted that the first inhabitants of North America migrated from Siberia by way of the Bering land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago; however, increasing evidence suggests an even earlier arrival."
}
] |
The country of America has had a continuous increase in life expectancy and is lowest among blacks.
| 0 | 0 |
America
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Singapore is the first country in Southeast Asia to levy a carbon tax on its largest carbon-emitting corporations producing more than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, at $5 per ton."
}
] |
mRFqaOUG8tpQW9OcDrbE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2009, Singapore was removed from the OCDE \"liste grise\" of tax havens, but ranked fourth on the Tax Justice Network's 2015 Financial Secrecy Index of the world's off-shore financial service providers, banking one-eighth of the world's offshore capital, while \"providing numerous tax avoidance and evasion opportunities\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Singapore is also a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, East Asia Summit, Non-Aligned Movement and the Commonwealth of Nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In August 2016, The Straits Times reported that Indonesia had decided to create tax havens on two islands near Singapore to bring Indonesian capital back into the tax base."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Despite market freedom, Singapore's government operations have a significant stake in the economy, contributing 22% of the GDP.In recent years, the country has been identified as an increasingly popular tax haven for the wealthy due to the low tax rate on personal income and tax exemptions on foreign-based income and capital gains."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Singapore attracts a large amount of foreign investment as a result of its location, skilled workforce, low tax rates, advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against corruption."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a major financial and shipping hub, consistently ranked the most expensive city to live in since 2013, and has been identified as a tax haven."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Singapore has the world's highest percentage of millionaires, with one out of every six households having at least one million US dollars in disposable wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Singapore",
"text": "The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Singapore is the first country in Southeast Asia to levy a carbon tax on its largest carbon-emitting corporations producing more than 25,000 tons of carbon dioxide per year, at $5 per ton."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Arts",
"text": "Singapore is increasingly regarded as having four sub-literatures instead of one."
}
] |
Singapore does not impose any tax on organizations for carbon-dioxide emissions.
| 1 | 4 |
Singapore
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Otto II arranged for a magnificent thirty-day funeral, in which his father was buried beside his first wife Eadgyth in Magdeburg Cathedral."
}
] |
mRe1CqAmlHZYU4h8dhDl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Third Italian Expedition",
"text": "On 20 May 965, the Emperor's long-serving lieutenant on the eastern front, Margrave Gero, died and left a vast march stretching from the Billung March in the north to the Duchy of Bohemia in the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto finally returned to Germany in August 972 and died at Memleben in May 973."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Rebellion of the dukes",
"text": "The king called the feuding parties to his court at Magdeburg, where Eberhard was ordered to pay a fine, and his lieutenants were sentenced to carry dead dogs in public, which was considered a particularly shameful punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Papal politics",
"text": "At the synod, Pope John XII approved Otto's long-desired Archdiocese of Magdeburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Consolidation of power",
"text": "On 29 January 946, Eadgyth died suddenly at the age of 35, and Otto buried his wife in the Cathedral of Magdeburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "To mark the Rogation Days, Otto travelled to his palace at Memleben, the place where his father had died 37 years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as king | Rebellion of the dukes",
"text": "Arnulf, Duke of Bavaria, died in 937 and was succeeded by his son Eberhard."
},
{
"section_header": "Expansion into Italy | First Italian Expedition",
"text": "Archbishop Frederick of Mainz, the Primate of Germany and Otto's long-time domestic rival, also returned to Germany alongside Liudolf."
},
{
"section_header": "Liudolf's Civil War | End of the rebellion",
"text": "In early 954, Margrave Hermann Billung, Otto's long-time loyal vassal in Saxony, was facing increased Slavic movements in the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign as emperor | Third Italian Expedition",
"text": "I, the March of Meissen under Wigbert, the March of Merseburg under Günther, and the March of Zeitz under Wigger I.Peace in Italy, however, would not last long."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Otto II arranged for a magnificent thirty-day funeral, in which his father was buried beside his first wife Eadgyth in Magdeburg Cathedral."
}
] |
There was a 30-day long party after Otto I died.
| 2 | 5 |
Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Keeler (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed \"Wee Willie\", was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas in the National League, and the New York Highlanders in the American League."
}
] |
mRu4PYKwwhtgXBaERC9S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler played in 1911 for the Eastern League's Toronto Maple Leafs, and had 43 hits in 39 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Keeler (March 3, 1872 – January 1, 1923), nicknamed \"Wee Willie\", was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910, primarily for the Baltimore Orioles and Brooklyn Superbas in the National League, and the New York Highlanders in the American League."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "He quickly established himself as a star, and played until retiring in 1910."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Having played his last game in 1910, he was the most chronologically distant player on both Top 100 lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "He was one of the smallest players to play the game, standing"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler had a hit in his final game of the 1896 season, giving him a National League-record 45-game hitting streak."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "He remained with the Highlanders through 1909, and played the 1910 season with the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "In 1999, he was named as a finalist to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler also had eight consecutive seasons with 200 hits or more, a record broken by Ichiro Suzuki in 2009.In 1901, when Ban Johnson formed the American League, one of the first acts was to raid the National League and offer their stars big contracts."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career",
"text": "Keeler remained in Brooklyn and did not actually jump to the new league until 1903, when he signed with the New York Highlanders (renamed the Yankees in 1913)."
}
] |
Willie Keeler was an American right fielder in Major League Baseball who played from 1892 to 1910 until 1911, when he went and played for the Eastern League's Toronto Maple Leafs, and had 43 hits in 39 games.
| 0 | 0 |
Willie Keeler
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the prominent Lodge family, he received his PhD in history from Harvard University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1872, he graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Porcellian Club, and the Hasty Pudding Club."
}
] |
mSAoXF9odUB5wvZzViiH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Charles Scribner's Sons. Roosevelt, Theodore, and Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Little, Brown. 1880. Ballads and Lyrics, Selected and Arranged by Henry Cabot Lodge."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1884–1918 (2 vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "George's sons, Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. (1902–1985) and John Davis Lodge (1903–1985), also became politicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., Lodge's grandson, served as U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from 1953 to 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Cabot Lodge (May 12, 1850 – November 9, 1924) was an American Republican senator and historian from Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1871, he married Anna \"Nannie\" Cabot Mills Davis, daughter of Admiral Charles Henry Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Historian",
"text": "After traveling through Europe, Lodge returned to Harvard, and in 1876, became one of the first recipients of a Ph.D. in history and government from Harvard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A member of the prominent Lodge family, he received his PhD in history from Harvard University."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | League of Nations",
"text": "For if we stumble and fall, freedom and civilization everywhere will go down in ruin."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1872, he graduated from Harvard College, where he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Porcellian Club, and the Hasty Pudding Club."
}
] |
Henry Cabot Lodge did go to Harvard.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Cabot Lodge
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Interests and beliefs",
"text": "Her political donations have mostly been made in support of Democratic politicians, including Hillary Clinton, Howard Dean, John Edwards, Angus King and Barack Obama."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Interests and beliefs",
"text": "\" She later reiterated her sentiments about Trump, stating, \"he doesn't stand for anything I believe in.\" In 2018, Close campaigned for Kathleen Williams and Debbie Stabenow in each of their respective elections."
}
] |
mSL7T71KSmWnWGcIueVa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is an American actress, singer, and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Charitable work",
"text": "Close has campaigned for many issues like gay marriage, women's rights, and mental health."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Charitable work",
"text": "She volunteered and produced a documentary for Puppies Behind Bars, an organization that provides service dogs for wounded war veterans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2016, Close was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame, and in 2019, Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Interests and beliefs",
"text": "In a 2016 interview with Andrew Marr for the BBC, Close criticized Donald Trump, calling his campaign \"terribly frightening."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film | Return to film and continued acclaim (2011–present)",
"text": "She had been working on the film, in which she appeared alongside 101 Dalmatians co-star Mark Williams, for almost 20 years, and aside from starring in it, she co-wrote the screenplay and produced the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film | Early roles and breakthrough (1980–1989)",
"text": "Producer Martin Ransohoff was against the casting of Close because he said she was \"too ugly\" for the part."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television | The Lion in Winter and The Shield (2003–06)",
"text": "In 2003, Close played Eleanor of Aquitaine in the Showtime produced film"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception, acting style, and legacy",
"text": "Regarding her role in the series Damages, The New York Times remarked, \"There is no actor dead or alive as scary as a smiling Glenn Close.\" Journalist Christopher Hooton also praised her, saying, \"Christopher Walken, Glenn Close, Al Pacino, and many others have a surprising danger in them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Close has been married three times, and she has a daughter from her relationship with producer John Starke."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Interests and beliefs",
"text": "Her political donations have mostly been made in support of Democratic politicians, including Hillary Clinton, Howard Dean, John Edwards, Angus King and Barack Obama."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Interests and beliefs",
"text": "\" She later reiterated her sentiments about Trump, stating, \"he doesn't stand for anything I believe in.\" In 2018, Close campaigned for Kathleen Williams and Debbie Stabenow in each of their respective elections."
}
] |
American actress and producer Glenn Close has worked in Republican campaigns.
| 0 | 0 |
Glenn Close
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parasites increase their own fitness by exploiting hosts for resources necessary for their survival, in particular by feeding on them and by using intermediate (secondary) hosts to assist in their transmission from one definitive (primary) host to another."
}
] |
mSTFRKA5kpQyARXtlDeV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In evolutionary ecology, parasitism is a symbiotic relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parasites increase their own fitness by exploiting hosts for resources necessary for their survival, in particular by feeding on them and by using intermediate (secondary) hosts to assist in their transmission from one definitive (primary) host to another."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Micropredators",
"text": "This makes them suitable as vectors as they can pass smaller parasites from one host to another."
},
{
"section_header": "Biology and conservation | Rationale for conservation",
"text": "The result was that one species, the condor, was saved and returned to the wild, while another species, the parasite, became extinct."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies",
"text": "These strategies represent adaptive peaks; intermediate strategies are possible, but organisms in many different groups have consistently converged on these six, which are evolutionarily stable."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Vector-transmitted",
"text": "Vector-transmitted parasites rely on a third party, an intermediate host, where the parasite does not reproduce sexually to carry them from one definitive host to another."
},
{
"section_header": "Biology and conservation | Rationale for conservation",
"text": "Parasites can function like keystone species, reducing the dominance of superior competitors and allowing competing species to co-exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Host defences | Insects",
"text": "Insects often adapt their nests to reduce parasitism."
},
{
"section_header": "Biology and conservation | Rationale for conservation",
"text": "Many parasites require multiple hosts of different species to complete their life cycles and rely on predator–prey or other stable ecological interactions to get from one host to another."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Parasitic castrators",
"text": "The host's other systems are left intact, allowing it to survive and sustain the parasite."
}
] |
Parasites survive by existing on or in another organism and adapt.
| 0 | 0 |
Parasite
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
}
] |
mSXpiZZ0tB9jiZEYsFS5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "He helped pass his expertise of playing left-field in front of the Green Monster, to his successor on the Red Sox, Carl Yastrzemski."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1941",
"text": "Against the Chicago White Sox on May 7, in extra innings, Williams told the Red Sox pitcher, Charlie Wagner, to hold the White Sox, since he was going to hit a home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "The Red Sox played three more games, but they were on the road in New York City and Williams did not appear in any of them, as it became clear that Williams' final home at-bat would be the last one of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire 19-year Major League Baseball (MLB) career, primarily as a left fielder, for the Boston Red Sox from 1939 to 1960; his career was interrupted by military service during World War II and the Korean War."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams declined, and he suggested that Pinky Higgins, who had previously played on the 1946 Red Sox team as the third baseman, become the manager of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1946–1949",
"text": "Williams is still the Red Sox career home run leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams graduated from Herbert Hoover High School in San Diego, where he played baseball as a pitcher and was the star of the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "In 1991 on Ted Williams Day at Fenway Park, Williams pulled a Red Sox cap from out of his jacket and tipped it to the crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Playing style",
"text": "Pitchers apparently feared Williams; his bases-on-balls-to-plate-appearances ratio (.2065) is still the highest of any player in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953) | 1956–1960",
"text": "When Pumpsie Green became the first black player on the Boston Red Sox in 1959—the last major league team to integrate its team—Williams openly welcomed Green."
}
] |
Ted Williams played his twenty-year career as a pitcher for the Boston Red Sox.
| 1 | 7 |
Ted Williams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "Because of McCarthy's various lies about his military heroism, his \"Tail-Gunner Joe\" nickname was sarcastically used as a term of mockery by his critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "He later falsely claimed participation in 32 aerial missions in order to qualify for a Distinguished Flying Cross and multiple awards of the Air Medal, which the Marine Corps chain of command decided to approve in 1952 because of his political influence."
}
] |
mSXq8yKf3z3aiH5r8ody
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "In this race, he was challenging three-term senator Robert M. La Follette Jr., founder of the Wisconsin Progressive Party and son of the celebrated Wisconsin governor and senator Robert M. La Follette Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "In his campaign, McCarthy attacked La Follette for not enlisting during the war, although La Follette had been 46 when Pearl Harbor was bombed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "According to Jack Anderson and Ronald W. May, McCarthy's campaign funds, much of them from out of state, were ten times more than La Follette's and McCarthy's vote benefited from a Communist Party vendetta against La Follette."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Fame, notoriety, and personal life",
"text": "In the 1950 Maryland Senate election, McCarthy campaigned for John Marshall Butler in his race against four-term incumbent Millard Tydings, with whom McCarthy had been in conflict during the Tydings Committee hearings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "He also claimed La Follette had made huge profits from his investments while he, McCarthy, had been away fighting for his country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McCarthy successfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 1946, defeating Robert M. La Follette Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "The suggestion that La Follette had been guilty of war profiteering was deeply damaging, and McCarthy won the primary nomination 207,935 votes to 202,557."
},
{
"section_header": "United States Senate | Fame, notoriety, and personal life",
"text": "In addition to the Tydings–Butler race, McCarthy campaigned for several other Republicans in the 1950 elections, including Everett Dirksen against Democratic incumbent and Senate Majority Leader Scott W. Lucas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Senate campaign",
"text": "Arnold Beichman later stated that McCarthy \"was elected to his first term in the Senate with support from the Communist-controlled United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers, CIO\", which preferred McCarthy to the anti-communist Robert M. La Follette."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "In 1942, shortly after the U.S. entered World War II, McCarthy joined the United States Marine Corps, despite the fact that his judicial office exempted him from military service."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "Because of McCarthy's various lies about his military heroism, his \"Tail-Gunner Joe\" nickname was sarcastically used as a term of mockery by his critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Military service",
"text": "He later falsely claimed participation in 32 aerial missions in order to qualify for a Distinguished Flying Cross and multiple awards of the Air Medal, which the Marine Corps chain of command decided to approve in 1952 because of his political influence."
}
] |
Joseph McCarthy falsified his military record during his Senate race against La Follette.
| 0 | 0 |
Joseph McCarthy
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)."
}
] |
mT9yMq9SIjqSFoOIKh18
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Film and TV",
"text": "Despite the title, the film features most elements from Through the Looking Glass as well, including Humpty Dumpty (played by W. C. Fields) and a Harman-Ising animated version of \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001) was a stage adaption by Adrian Mitchell for the Royal Shakespeare Company, in which the second act consists of Through the Looking-Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through a Looking Glass (1966) was a NBC TV musical special, first airing on 6 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Other",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass (2011) was a ballet by American composer John Craton Through the Zombie Glass (2013) is a book by Gena Showalter"
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) is a BBC TV movie, directed by James MacTaggart and starring Sarah Sutton as Alice."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), directed by James Bobin, is a sequel to the Tim-Burton-directed Disney reboot Alice in Wonderland (2010)."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through a Looking Glass (1928), a silent movie directed by Walter Lang, would be one of the earliest stand-alone adaptations of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice through the Looking Glass (1998) is a Channel 4 TV movie, starring Kate Beckinsale as the role of Alice, which restored the lost \"Wasp in a Wig\" episode."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Through the Looking Glass (2008) was a chamber opera composed by Alan John to a libretto by Andrew Upton."
}
] |
Through the Looking Glass is about Alice.
| 1 | 2 |
Through the Looking Glass
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McKechnie was the first manager to win World Series titles with two teams (1925 Pittsburgh Pirates and 1940 Cincinnati Reds), and remains one of only two managers to win pennants with three teams, also capturing the National League title in 1928 with the St. Louis Cardinals."
}
] |
mTxn3wlydjByXGvUoCl1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Post–playing career",
"text": "His teams won four National League pennants (1925, 1928, 1939 and 1940) and two World Series championships (1925 and 1940), and he remains the only manager to win National League pennants with three teams (Pittsburgh, St. Louis and Cincinnati)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "The Boudreau–McKechnie Indians won a World Series in 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McKechnie was the first manager to win World Series titles with two teams (1925 Pittsburgh Pirates and 1940 Cincinnati Reds), and remains one of only two managers to win pennants with three teams, also capturing the National League title in 1928 with the St. Louis Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "McKechnie left the club after the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "This was McKechnie's third pennant, with each occurring with a different team."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "They were swept in the World Series by the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "In the World Series that year, they were swept by the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "In the World Series that year, they beat the Detroit Tigers in seven games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Boyd McKechnie (August 7, 1886 – October 29, 1965) was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "Two years later, McKechnie got his first taste of managerial duties, when he served as player-manager of the Newark Peppers of the Federal League, leading the team to a 54–45 record."
}
] |
William McKechnie won the World Series with 3 different teams, in 1924, 1929 and 1940 making him the first to ever do so.
| 1 | 4 |
Bill McKechnie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play premiered on Broadway in February 1949, running for 742 performances, and has been revived on Broadway four times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival."
}
] |
mU7UK5BVANn7Fck8eMqZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "Death of a Salesman was welcomed in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Dustin Hoffman played Willy. In a return engagement, this production re-opened on September 14, 1984, and ran for 88 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United States",
"text": "Death of a Salesman first opened on February 10, 1949, to great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Compared to Tennessee Williams and Beckett, Arthur Miller and his Death of a Salesman were less influential."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Rajinder Paul said that \"Death of a Salesman has only an indirect influence on Indian theatre practitions.\" However, it was translated and produced in Bengali as 'Pheriwalar Mrityu' by the theater group Nandikar."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Charley and Bernard",
"text": "Meaning that he can and cannot see at the same time, since his way of seeing or visualizing the future is completely wrong.\" One thing that is apparent from the Death of a Salesman is the hard work and dedication of Charley and Bernard."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "Some people, such as Eric Keown, think of Death of a Salesman as \"a potential tragedy deflected from its true course by Marxist sympathies.\" The play was hailed as \"the most important and successful night\" in Hebbel-Theater in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "It was said that \"it was impossible to get the audience to leave the theatre\" at the end of the performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play premiered on Broadway in February 1949, running for 742 performances, and has been revived on Broadway four times, winning three Tony Awards for Best Revival."
}
] |
Death of a Salesman had ran over 700 performances.
| 0 | 0 |
Death of a Salesman
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "Myovirus bacteriophages use a hypodermic syringe-like motion to inject their genetic material into the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "Podoviruses lack an elongated tail sheath like that of a myovirus, so instead, they use their small, tooth-like tail fibers enzymatically to degrade a portion of the cell membrane before inserting their genetic material."
}
] |
mUQTlUmty3R7q0MvCPsw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Replication",
"text": "As the lysogenic cycle allows the host cell to continue to survive and reproduce, the virus is replicated in all offspring of the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication",
"text": "Their viral genome will integrate with host DNA and replicate along with it, relatively harmlessly, or may even become established as a plasmid."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Communication",
"text": "Research in 2017 revealed that the bacteriophage Φ3T makes a short viral protein that signals other bacteriophages to lie dormant instead of killing the host bacterium."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "This specificity means a bacteriophage can infect only certain bacteria bearing receptors to which they can bind, which in turn, determines the phage's host range."
},
{
"section_header": "Genome structure",
"text": "Mycobacteriophages, bacteriophages with mycobacterial hosts, have provided excellent examples of this mosaicism."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "To enter a host cell, bacteriophages attach to specific receptors on the surface of bacteria, including lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, proteins, or even flagella."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication",
"text": "In contrast, the lysogenic cycle does not result in immediate lysing of the host cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication",
"text": "At this point they initiate the reproductive cycle, resulting in lysis of the host cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication",
"text": "As soon as the cell is destroyed, the phage progeny can find new hosts to infect."
},
{
"section_header": "Systems biology",
"text": "For instance, bacteriophage lambda was found to interact with its host, E. coli, by 31 interactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "Myovirus bacteriophages use a hypodermic syringe-like motion to inject their genetic material into the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "Podoviruses lack an elongated tail sheath like that of a myovirus, so instead, they use their small, tooth-like tail fibers enzymatically to degrade a portion of the cell membrane before inserting their genetic material."
}
] |
Bacteriophage replicate by imitating a host cell's behavior.
| 2 | 3 |
Bacteriophage
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War."
}
] |
mW1cvSnmNb3wIO64QAhc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Marlon Brando's final stage appearance was in Arms and the Man in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": ", New York put on a production of Arms and the Man in 1983 with Kelsey Grammer as Sergius."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano (\"Of arms and the man I sing\").The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling.\" Orwell says that Arms and the Man wears well"
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent productions",
"text": "Since then there have been six Broadway revivals, two of which are listed below."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A filmed version of Arms and the Man in German entitled Helden (Heroes) starring O. W. Fischer and Liselotte Pulver was runner up for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shaw replied, in characteristic fashion, \"My dear fellow, I quite agree with you, but what are we two against"
}
] |
Arms and the Man is a story during a conflict between two countries.
| 2 | 4 |
Arms and the Man
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "The speech is considered one of Kennedy's best, both a significant moment in the Cold War and a high point of the New Frontier."
}
] |
mW4fJc52y3QzOY9J2RY8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "On 26 June 1963, 22 months after the erection of the Berlin Wall, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited West Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts by Western artists and growing anti-Wall sentiment | Bruce Springsteen, 1988",
"text": "While John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan delivered their famous speeches from the safety of West Berlin, Springsteen's speaking out against the Wall in the middle of East Berlin"
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "Speaking from a platform erected on the steps of Rathaus Schöneberg for an audience of 450,000 he declared in his Ich bin ein Berliner speech the support of the United States for West Germany and the people of West Berlin in particular: Two thousand years ago, the proudest boast was civis romanus sum ["
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "\"I am a Roman citizen\"]. Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is \"Ich bin ein Berliner!\" ... All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words \"Ich bin ein Berliner!\" The message was aimed as much at the Soviets as it was at Berliners and was a clear statement of U.S. policy in the wake of the construction of the Berlin Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961 | Secondary response",
"text": "The interagency intelligence Berlin Watch Committee assessed that this intercept \"might be the first step in a plan to close the border.\" This warning did not reach John F. Kennedy until noon on 13 August 1961, while he was vacationing in his yacht off the Kennedy Compound in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "The speech is considered one of Kennedy's best, both a significant moment in the Cold War and a high point of the New Frontier."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961",
"text": "Khrushchev had become emboldened upon seeing US president John F. Kennedy's youth and inexperience, a weakness against Khrushchev's brutal, undiplomatic aggression."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Ich bin ein Berliner\" and \"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this Wall!\"",
"text": "In a speech at the Brandenburg Gate commemorating the 750th anniversary of Berlin on 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan challenged Mikhail Gorbachev, then the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to tear down the Wall as a symbol of increasing freedom in the Eastern Bloc: We welcome change and openness; for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Erection of the inner German border | Berlin emigration loophole",
"text": "Accordingly, Berlin became the main route by which East Germans left for the West."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction begins, 1961 | Immediate effects",
"text": "Most people believed that the Wall was mainly a means of preventing the citizens of East Germany from entering or fleeing to West Berlin."
}
] |
"Ich bin ein Berliner" was a speech by John F. Kennedy that was mocked and ridiculed relentlessly because the main phrase means, "I am a jelly donut."
| 3 | 7 |
Berlin Wall
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,"
}
] |
mWhskK77VtsQkq0oPKHB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Though set several decades after \"Things Fall Apart\", \"No Longer at Ease\" continues many of the themes from Achebe's first novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"No Longer at Ease\" debuted to largely positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "But no longer at ease here, With an alien people clutching their gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel closes as Obi takes a bribe and tells himself that it is the last one he will take, only to discover that the bribe was part of a sting operation."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Clara, who is so central to Obi's final disillusionment, is but imperfectly drawn; most of the others are only nominal."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Furthermore, Achebe depicts a family continuity between Ogbuefi Okonkwo in \"Things Fall Apart\" and his grandson Obi Okonkwo in \"No Longer at Ease\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Obi sinks deeper into financial trouble partly due to poor planning on his end, in part due to the need to repay his loan to the UPU and to pay for his siblings' education, and in part due to the cost of the illegal abortion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "After hearing of his mother's death, Obi sinks into a deep depression and doesn't go home for the funeral, this is because he thought that the money he would have used to go and come back would be better served in the funeral and to help out across the house."
}
] |
The name of the novel No Longer At Ease comes from the final part of a poem.
| 0 | 0 |
No Longer At Ease
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Death",
"text": "Jobs is buried in an unmarked grave at Alta Mesa Memorial Park, the only nonsectarian cemetery in Palo Alto."
}
] |
mWwM69pA9VTE9EEuyYVd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Death",
"text": "Jobs is buried in an unmarked grave at Alta Mesa Memorial Park, the only nonsectarian cemetery in Palo Alto."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems",
"text": "Let's Rock keynote by paraphrasing Mark Twain: \"Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Death",
"text": "On that day, an invitation-only memorial was held at Stanford University."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "2013 : Posthumously inducted as a Disney Legend 2017: Steve Jobs Theatre opens at Apple Park"
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Death",
"text": "Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so employees could attend the memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems | Death",
"text": "On October 19, 2011, Apple employees held a private memorial service for Jobs on the Apple campus in Cupertino."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Marriage",
"text": "They married on March 18, 1991, in a Buddhist ceremony at the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Marriage",
"text": "Soon after the event, he stated that Laurene \"was right there in the front row in the lecture hall, and I couldn't take my eyes off of her ... kept losing my train of thought, and started feeling a little giddy.\" After the lecture, Jobs met up with her in the parking lot and invited her out to dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Health problems",
"text": "My best guess was that Jobs probably only modestly decreased his chances of survival, if that.\" Barrie R. Cassileth, the chief of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center's integrative medicine department, said, \"Jobs's faith in alternative medicine likely cost him his life.... He had the only kind of pancreatic cancer that is treatable and curable.... He essentially committed suicide.\" According to Jobs's biographer, Walter Isaacson, \"for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic cancer – a decision he later regretted as his health declined\". \" Instead, he tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies, and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood",
"text": "When he was 13 in 1968, Jobs was given a summer job by Bill Hewlett (of Hewlett-Packard) after Jobs cold-called him to ask for parts for an electronics project."
}
] |
Jobs is buried in a marked grave at Alta Mesa Memorial Park.
| 3 | 5 |
Steve Jobs
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada: 52% of its residents are not native English speakers, 48.9% are native speakers of neither English nor French, and 50.6% of residents belong to visible minority groups."
}
] |
mXHurCUSqzO36xB8BpSt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Since the 1980s, immigration increased substantially, making the city more ethnically and linguistically diverse; 53% of Vancouver's residents do not speak English as their first language."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "For the 2008–2009 school year, 53% of Vancouver School Board's students spoke a language other than English at home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vancouver is one of the most ethnically and linguistically diverse cities in Canada: 52% of its residents are not native English speakers, 48.9% are native speakers of neither English nor French, and 50.6% of residents belong to visible minority groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "International students and English as a Second Language (ESL) students have been significant in the enrolment of these public and private institutions."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "Residents have been more inclined to live in areas closer to their interests, or use more energy-efficient means of travel, such as mass transit and cycling."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The metropolitan area referred to as Greater Vancouver, with more than 2.4 million residents, is the third-most populous metropolitan area in the country and the most populous in Western Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "With 5,249 people per square km (13,590 per sq mi), the City of Vancouver is the most densely populated of Canadian municipalities having more than 5,000 residents."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "In contrast, there is some precipitation during nearly half the days from November through March."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Ecology",
"text": "The largest trees in Vancouver's old-growth forest were in the Gastown area, where the first logging occurred and on the southern slopes of False Creek and English Bay, especially around Jericho Beach."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports and recreation",
"text": "Running races include the Vancouver Sun Run (a 10-kilometre (6.2 mi) race) every April; the Vancouver Marathon, held every May; and the Scotiabank Vancouver Half-Marathon held every June."
}
] |
More than half of Vancouver residents did not speak English as a first language.
| 0 | 0 |
Vancouver
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to his Spanish ancestry and \"gentlemanly\" nature, he was nicknamed \"El Señor\"."
}
] |
mXJIZH5hb66DcjFtaBvi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alfonso Ramón López (August 20, 1908 – October 30, 2005) was a Spanish-American professional baseball catcher and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Alfonso Ramón López, the seventh of nine children, was born there on August 20, 1908.Ybor City was a thriving immigrant neighborhood during Al López's childhood with a population of over 10,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "In a 1992 interview, he said that the razing of the stadium \"wasn't very disappointing."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "By this time, Lopez was very well respected and in-demand manager, and in the middle of the 1960 season, a friend of New York Yankees president Dan Topping told an Associated Press reporter that López would replace Yankees manager Casey Stengel. (Stengel had managed López years earlier when López was a catcher for Brooklyn and Boston.) Despite rumored and confirmed inquiries from other teams, López stayed with Chicago until 1965, finishing in second place five times and never posting fewer than 82 wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Al López was the son of Modesto and Faustina (née Vásquez) López, who were married in Spain before immigrating to Havana, Cuba in the mid-1890s."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "It was named Al López Field, and the date of the dedication ceremony (October 6, 1954) was declared \"Al López Day\" in the city of Tampa."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "Consequently, López changed his offensive strategy to fit the roster."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and legacy | Honors",
"text": "López lived a few miles from the ballpark that bore his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Major Leagues | Cleveland Indians",
"text": "López was so disheartened over the situation that he resigned from the club on the last day of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball manager | Managing style",
"text": "Because of his Spanish ancestry and his \"gentlemanly\" nature, López was given the nickname \"El Señor\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Due to his Spanish ancestry and \"gentlemanly\" nature, he was nicknamed \"El Señor\"."
}
] |
Alfonso Ramón López had a very unoriginal moniker which was basically just "Mister".
| 0 | 0 |
Al López
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Now based in New York City, in 2018 she completed building a contemporary home on a hayfield in bucolic Litchfield County, Connecticut where she presently resides."
}
] |
mXLRtLh3pY38XWRtZEgg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marsha Mason (born April 3, 1942) is an American actress and director."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2006, she starred in the American premiere production of Hecuba at the Chicago Shakespeare Theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "For her performance as Georgia Hines, Mason was highly praised and earned a fourth Best Actress Oscar nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her other films include Blume in Love (1973), The Cheap Detective (1978), Max Dugan Returns (1983) Heartbreak Ridge (1986), Stella (1990) and Drop Dead Fred (1991)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "That same year, Mason co-starred opposite James Caan in the 20th Century Fox film Cinderella Liberty, which netted her an Oscar nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The film proved to be another big hit, garnering her a third Oscar nomination for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1977, Mason's performance in Simon's smash hit film, The Goodbye Girl, won her a second Best Actress Academy Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was nominated four times for the Academy Award for Best Actress: for her performances in Cinderella Liberty (1973), The Goodbye Girl (1977), Chapter Two (1979), and Only When I Laugh (1981)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Mason was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the daughter of Jacqueline Helena (Rakowski) and James Joseph Mason, a printer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Mason has had a distinguished career in film and theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Now based in New York City, in 2018 she completed building a contemporary home on a hayfield in bucolic Litchfield County, Connecticut where she presently resides."
}
] |
The American actress and director Marsha Mason is not dead.
| 0 | 0 |
Marsha Mason
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gates has been described as \"one of the Revolution's most controversial military figures\" because of his role in the Conway Cabal, which attempted to discredit and replace General George Washington; the battle at Saratoga; and his actions during and after his defeat at Camden."
}
] |
mXWWdbXfyqb1A4C4g1Ep
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War | Conway Cabal",
"text": "In a letter to Gates, Wilkinson forwarded remarks of General Thomas Conway critical of Washington to General William Alexander, who passed them on to Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gates has been described as \"one of the Revolution's most controversial military figures\" because of his role in the Conway Cabal, which attempted to discredit and replace General George Washington; the battle at Saratoga; and his actions during and after his defeat at Camden."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War | Conway Cabal",
"text": "Gates attempted to maximize his political return on the victory, particularly as George Washington was having no present successes with the main army."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "In 1772 he reestablished contact with George Washington, and purchased a modest plantation in Virginia the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Seven Years War",
"text": "This force included other future Revolutionary War leaders such as Thomas Gage, Charles Lee, Daniel Morgan, and George Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Horatio Lloyd Gates (July 26, 1727 – April 10, 1806) was a British-born soldier who served as a leading American general during the early years of the Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "On June 17, 1775, Congress commissioned Gates as a Brigadier General and Adjutant General of the Continental Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War",
"text": "As adjutant, Horatio Gates created the army's system of records and orders and helped standardize regiments from the various colonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War | Conway Cabal",
"text": "In fact, Gates insulted Washington by sending reports directly to Congress instead of to Washington, his commanding officer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American Revolutionary War | Battle at Saratoga",
"text": "Though his troops were with Washington at the Battle of Trenton, Gates was not."
}
] |
American general Horatio Gates was a firm backer of George Washington.
| 0 | 0 |
Horatio Gates
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "It is impossible to identify what name the creators called their statue, as the Great Sphinx does not appear in any known inscription of the Old Kingdom and there are no inscriptions anywhere describing its construction or its original purpose."
}
] |
mXee7XVDRqABFcAv4Yvt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "It is impossible to identify what name the creators called their statue, as the Great Sphinx does not appear in any known inscription of the Old Kingdom and there are no inscriptions anywhere describing its construction or its original purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Dissenting hypotheses | Modern dissenting hypotheses",
"text": "He supports this by suggesting Khafra's Causeway was built to conform to a pre-existing structure, which, he concludes, given its location, could only have been the Sphinx."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "The modern Egyptian Arabic name is أبو الهول (ʼabu alhōl / ʼabu alhawl IPA: [ʔabu alhoːl], \" The Terrifying One\"; literally \"Father of Dread\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "The commonly used name \"Sphinx\" was given to it in classical antiquity, about 2000 years after the commonly accepted date of its construction by reference to a Greek mythological beast with a lion's body, a woman's head and the wings of an eagle (although, like most Egyptian sphinxes, the Great Sphinx has a man's head and no wings)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Dissenting hypotheses | Modern dissenting hypotheses",
"text": "Dobrev suggests Djedefre built the Sphinx in the image of his father Khufu, identifying him with the sun god Ra in order to restore respect for their dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Builder and timeframe",
"text": "An extract was translated: which we bring for him: oxen ... and all the young vegetables; and we shall give praise to Wenofer ... Khaf ... the statue made for Atum-Hor-em-Akhet. Egyptologist Thomas Young, finding the Khaf hieroglyphs in a damaged cartouche used to surround a royal name, inserted the glyph ra to complete Khafra's name."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "In the New Kingdom, the Sphinx was revered as the solar deity Hor-em-akhet (English: Horus of the Horizon; Coptic: ϩⲁⲣⲙⲁϣⲓ; Hellenized: Harmachis), and the pharaoh Thutmose IV (1401–1391 or 1397–1388 BC) specifically referred to it as such in his \"Dream Stele\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "The English word sphinx comes from the ancient Greek Σφίγξ (transliterated: sphinx) apparently from the verb σφίγγω (transliterated: sphingo / English: to squeeze), after the Greek sphinx who strangled anyone who failed to answer her riddle."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Names",
"text": "Medieval Arab writers, including al-Maqrīzī, call the Sphinx balhib and bilhaw, which suggest a Coptic influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Ibn Qadi Shuhba mentions his name as Muhammad ibn Sadiq ibn al-Muhammad al-Tibrizi al-Masri who died in 1384."
}
] |
The original name for the structure has nit been identified.
| 2 | 4 |
Great Sphinx of Giza
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ledger and Gyllenhaal's casting was announced in 2003, and filming subsequently commenced in various locations in Canada in 2004."
}
] |
mXq0Rw45nKQxB9S7bxdZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The fictional \"Brokeback Mountain\" was named to suggest a physical feature, after a term used for a swaybacked horse or mule."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "It is implied that Jack begins an affair with Randall, as Randall tells Jack his boss has a remote cabin that he can use anytime he wants and suggests they use it together sometime."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "In Canadian French, the title is Souvenirs de Brokeback Mountain (Memories of Brokeback Mountain)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Professional film critics widely praised Brokeback Mountain upon its release."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Post-Academy Awards debate",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain ranks 13th among the highest-grossing romance films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "The film received two Spanish titles: Brokeback Mountain: The film received two Spanish titles: Brokeback Mountain: En terreno vedado (In a forbidden terrain) for its release in Spain and Secreto en la Montaña (Secret in the mountain) for its release in Latin America."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "The Secret(s) of Brokeback Mountain), respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September and was released on December 9, 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Impact on film industry",
"text": "Brokeback Mountain was lauded as a landmark in LGBT cinema and credited for influencing several films and television shows featuring LGBT themes and characters."
},
{
"section_header": "International distribution",
"text": "and I segreti di Brokeback Mountain ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ledger and Gyllenhaal's casting was announced in 2003, and filming subsequently commenced in various locations in Canada in 2004."
}
] |
Brokeback Mountain was filmed in the US.
| 4 | 8 |
Brokeback Mountain
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He retired in 1937 after a short second stint with the Grays."
}
] |
mXrdYqfXqMGWnwUeuiHB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "In 1917, he stopped attending Howard High School to work on shipyards in New Jersey and play weekend games on baseball teams that were drawn from the community, including the Rosalies and the Chester Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The 1930s",
"text": "Johnson took the deal personally; he played for a few games at the beginning of the 1937 season and announced his retirement soon after."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Julius \"Judy\" Johnson (October 26, 1899 – June 15, 1989) was an American professional third baseman and manager whose career in Negro league baseball spanned 17 seasons, from 1921 to 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He retired in 1937 after a short second stint with the Grays."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "; he taught me how to play third base and how to protect myself... John taught me more baseball than anyone else\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following his retirement from baseball as a player, Johnson became a scout for Major League Baseball teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "After his playing career, Johnson stated, \"He's [Lloyd]"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later life and legacy",
"text": "After he retired from baseball, Johnson worked for the Continental Cab Company and managed a general goods store with his brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The 1930s",
"text": "Although he was in the twilight of his playing career, Johnson still felt he could contribute to a winning team and signed on with the Pittsburgh Crawfords in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "After the season, Johnson started playing winter ball in Cuba and was moved to the clean-up spot in the line-up for the remainder of his stint with Hilldale."
}
] |
Johnson stopped playing baseball in 1937.
| 0 | 0 |
Judy Johnson
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20."
}
] |
mXre1kPQ0UYGPHXGcehm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his youth, Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Macedon | Accession",
"text": "Alexander was proclaimed king on the spot by the nobles and army at the age of 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Lineage and childhood",
"text": "When the animal died (because of old age, according to Plutarch, at age thirty), Alexander named a city after him, Bucephala."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | Division of the empire",
"text": "Eventually, the two sides reconciled, and after the birth of Alexander IV, he and Philip III were appointed joint kings, albeit in name only."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years in Persia",
"text": "The Macedonians quickly begged forgiveness, which Alexander accepted, and held a great banquet for several thousand of his men at which he and they ate together."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession | Division of the empire",
"text": "In the process, both Alexander IV and Philip III were murdered."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and succession",
"text": "On either 10 or 11 June 323 BC, Alexander died in the palace of Nebuchadnezzar II, in Babylon, at age 32."
},
{
"section_header": "Last years in Persia",
"text": "Alexander admired Cyrus the Great, from an early age reading Xenophon's Cyropaedia, which described Cyrus's heroism in battle and governance as a king and legislator."
},
{
"section_header": "Character | Personal relationships",
"text": "However, Ogden calculates that Alexander, who impregnated his partners thrice in eight years, had a higher matrimonial record than his father at the same age."
}
] |
Alexander the Great got his name from his tutor Aristoltle until he became king at the age of 20 then his father Philip III died.
| 2 | 6 |
Alexander the Great
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System."
}
] |
mYYuT7vkRc8uiq90jNyI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the Solar System, it is the fourth-largest planet by diameter, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neptune is the eighth and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Status",
"text": "In 2006, the International Astronomical Union defined the word \"planet\" for the first time, reclassifying Pluto as a \"dwarf planet\" and making Neptune once again the outermost-known planet in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation."
},
{
"section_header": "Climate | Internal heating",
"text": "Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, and lies over 50% farther from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Because of the distance of Neptune from Earth, its angular diameter only ranges from 2.2 to 2.4 arcseconds, the smallest of the Solar System planets."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "Neptune, like Uranus, is an ice giant, a subclass of giant planet, because they are smaller and have higher concentrations of volatiles than Jupiter and Saturn."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation",
"text": "This differential rotation is the most pronounced of any planet in the Solar System, and it results in strong latitudinal wind shear."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Atmosphere",
"text": "The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Status",
"text": "When Pluto was discovered, it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the second-farthest-known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer than Neptune to the Sun."
}
] |
Neptune is the seventh and farthest-known planet from the Sun in the Solar System, the third-most-massive planet, and the densest giant planet.
| 0 | 0 |
Neptune
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "However, over the next two and a half years, overseas investors steadily began to purchase the available apartments and office space."
}
] |
mYlWz203vToaHgEq5XWH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design",
"text": "Floors through to 108 have 900 private residential apartments (which, according to the developer, sold out within eight hours of being on the market)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2016 American science fiction film Independence Day: Resurgence, the Burj Khalifa was seen where it—along with many other structures—is being thrown into London by the aliens using their mothership's anti-gravity pull."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Observation deck",
"text": "Tickets start at 135 AED, or US$36.75."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Benches and signs incorporate images of Burj Khalifa and the Hymenocallis flower."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Burj Khalifa park",
"text": "Burj Khalifa is surrounded by an 11 ha (27-acre) park designed by landscape architects SWA Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "Out of 900 apartments in the tower, 825 were still empty at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "By October 2012, Emaar reported that around 80% of the apartments were occupied."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure | Real estate values",
"text": "However, over the next two and a half years, overseas investors steadily began to purchase the available apartments and office space."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction and structure",
"text": "The Burj Khalifa is highly compartmentalised."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Burj Khalifa was also the recipient of the following awards."
}
] |
Burj Khalifa was deisnged to be a apartments buiding and it continues to be just aparments.
| 1 | 3 |
Burj Khalifa
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title refers to a Carthusian monastery, which is only mentioned on the last page of the novel and does not figure significantly in the plot."
}
] |
mZLE2NbZ2nhIaNTmPe4u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "The novel ends with the epithet \"To the Happy Few.\" The characters in the novel are frequently referred to only by their title of nobility and sometimes by their last name."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "After her death, Fabrice retires to the titular Charterhouse of Parma (a Carthusian monastery), where he spends less than a year before he also dies."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The book then describes in great detail how Gina and Count Mosca live and operate in the court of the Prince of Parma (named Ranuce-Erneste IV)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The book begins with the French army sweeping into Milan and stirring up the sleepy region of Lombardy, which was allied with Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title refers to a Carthusian monastery, which is only mentioned on the last page of the novel and does not figure significantly in the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The best-known English translation The Charterhouse of Parma is by Charles Kenneth Scott-Moncrieff."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Charterhouse of Parma (French: La Chartreuse de Parme) is a novel by Stendhal published in 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Charterhouse of Parma chronicles the adventures of the young Italian nobleman Fabrice del Dongo from his birth in 1798 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Gina (now the Duchess Sanseverina) has had very warm feelings for her nephew ever since he returned from France."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Prince Ranuccio-Ernesto IV, the ruler of Parma, referred to as the Prince."
}
] |
The Charterhouse of Parma is a story and the name makes reference to a monastery that is not brought up till the very end of the book.
| 0 | 0 |
The Charterhouse of Parma
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Many people felt that the dynamic between the Draytons and Poitier's character would have inevitably resulted in a happily-ever-after film ending because Poitier's character was so perfect, respectable, likable, and proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Some people went as far as saying Prentice was \"too white\" not to be accepted by the Draytons."
}
] |
mZmUNGrQQ77cRUh336dN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "It was also criticized by some for these reasons at the time, with controversial African-American actor Stepin Fetchit saying that the film \"did more to stop intermarriage than to help it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Due to Tracy and Hepburn's close history with Kramer, Poitier cited that Hepburn and Tracy came to bear on him \"the kind of respect they had for Kramer, and they had to say to themselves ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was one of the few films of the time to depict an interracial marriage in a positive light, as interracial marriage historically had been illegal in most states of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\"The part of my daughter,\" Kate said, \"was a difficult one."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "She had one good speech to win the audience, but it was cut."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film ends with the two families – now united as one – and Monsignor Ryan finally sitting down to dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "the tense nature of racism in the United States during the time of the film's production, Poitier felt he was \"under close observation\" by both Tracy and Hepburn during their first dinner meetings prior to production."
},
{
"section_header": "Variant versions",
"text": "The original version of the film that played in theaters in 1968 contained a moment in which Tillie responds to the question \"Guess who's coming to dinner now?\" with the sarcastic one-liner: \"The Reverend Martin Luther King?\" After King's assassination on April 4, 1968, this line was removed from the film, so by August 1968, almost all theaters' showings of this film had this line omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "It was my idea. It was my idea. \"According to Hepburn, the role of Joey Drayton was one of Houghton's first major roles as a young actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One of Christina's art gallery employees, Hilary, who had briefly met John and Joanna earlier in the day, stops by the Draytons' home to express her disapproval over the relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Many people felt that the dynamic between the Draytons and Poitier's character would have inevitably resulted in a happily-ever-after film ending because Poitier's character was so perfect, respectable, likable, and proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Some people went as far as saying Prentice was \"too white\" not to be accepted by the Draytons."
}
] |
Some criticism of this film is predicated on the racism of the critics themselves.
| 1 | 3 |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Physical appearance",
"text": "Although an abundance of artwork involving Christopher Columbus exists, no authentic contemporary portrait has been found."
}
] |
ma4zg14CsW3ATpbozMlz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "However, a lead box bearing an inscription identifying \"Don Christopher Columbus\" and containing bone fragments and a bullet was discovered at Santo Domingo in 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "Columbus then landed on Trinidad at Icacos Point (which he named Punta de Arenal) on 2 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Agreement with the Spanish crown",
"text": "cause why those islands were discovered\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Discoverer",
"text": "America had been discovered and populated by its indigenous population."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Fourth voyage",
"text": "Before leaving for his fourth voyage, Columbus wrote a letter to the Governors of the Bank of Saint George, Genoa, dated at Seville, 2 April 1502."
},
{
"section_header": "Quest for Asia | Quest for financial support for a voyage",
"text": "On 1 May 1486, permission having been granted, Columbus presented his plans to Queen Isabella, who, in turn, referred it to a committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages",
"text": "On his first voyage, he independently discovered the Americas and magnetic declination."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical appearance",
"text": "Although an abundance of artwork involving Christopher Columbus exists, no authentic contemporary portrait has been found."
},
{
"section_header": "Commemoration",
"text": "The World Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893, commemorated the 400th anniversary of the landing of Christopher Columbus in the Americas."
}
] |
There have been 2 photos discovered of Christopher Columbus.
| 0 | 0 |
Christopher Columbus
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years (1133–1149)",
"text": "Henry was born in France at Le Mans on 5 March 1133, the eldest child of the Empress Matilda and her second husband, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou."
}
] |
maTHSyeNANXrH28Ydw1F
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later reign (1162–1175) | Developments in France",
"text": "In 1160 Louis strengthened his alliances in central France with the Count of Champagne and Odo II, Duke of Burgundy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Acquisition of Normandy, Anjou, and Aquitaine",
"text": "Eleanor was the Duchess of Aquitaine, a land in the south of France, and was considered beautiful, lively and controversial, but had not borne Louis any sons."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years (1175–1189) | Family tensions",
"text": "With his eldest son dead, Henry rearranged the plans for the succession: Richard was to be made king of England, although without any actual power until the death of his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1133–1149)",
"text": "Henry was born in France at Le Mans on 5 March 1133, the eldest child of the Empress Matilda and her second husband, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years (1133–1149)",
"text": "She was born into a powerful ruling class of Normans, who traditionally owned extensive estates in both England and Normandy, and her first husband had been the Holy Roman Emperor Henry V."
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Relations with the Church",
"text": "Henry also founded religious hospitals in England and France."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign (1162–1175) | Developments in France",
"text": "Further south Henry continued to apply pressure on Raymond of Toulouse: the King campaigned there personally in 1161, sent the Archbishop of Bordeaux against Raymond in 1164 and encouraged Alfonso II of Aragon in his attacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, was King of England from 1154 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Popular culture",
"text": "Henry II appears as a character in several modern plays and films."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign (1162–1175) | The Thomas Becket controversy",
"text": "In the coming years, although Henry never actually went on crusade, he exploited the growing \"cult of Becket\" for his own ends."
}
] |
Henry II of England was actually born in France.
| 2 | 3 |
Henry II of England
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Scientific revolution",
"text": "Modern work on gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries."
}
] |
mb84dGcT2Nve2WW9cAGe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Scientific revolution",
"text": "Galileo's work set the stage for the formulation of Newton's theory of gravity."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Scientific revolution",
"text": "Modern work on gravitational theory began with the work of Galileo Galilei in the late 16th and early 17th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Gravity and quantum mechanics",
"text": "One path is to describe gravity in the framework of quantum field theory, which has been successful to accurately describe the other fundamental interactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravitational radiation",
"text": "This system consists of a pulsar and neutron star in orbit around one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Gravity and astronomy",
"text": "The force of gravity exerted on one object by another is directly proportional to the product of those objects' masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | General relativity",
"text": "In Newtonian physics, however, no such acceleration can occur unless at least one of the objects is being operated on by a force."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative theories | Historical alternative theories",
"text": "Le Sage's theory of gravitation (1784) also called LeSage gravity, proposed by Georges-Louis Le Sage, based on a fluid-based explanation where a light gas fills the entire Universe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gravity (from Latin gravitas, meaning 'weight'), or gravitation, is a natural phenomenon by which all things with mass or energy—including planets, stars, galaxies, and even light—are brought toward (or gravitate toward) one another."
},
{
"section_header": "History of gravitational theory | Newton's theory of gravitation",
"text": "Although Newton's theory has been superseded by Albert Einstein's general relativity, most modern non-relativistic gravitational calculations are still made using Newton's theory because it is simpler to work with and it gives sufficiently accurate results for most applications involving sufficiently small masses, speeds and energies."
},
{
"section_header": "Specifics | Earth's gravity",
"text": "Thus, an object starting from rest will attain a velocity of 9.80665 m/s (32.1740 ft/s) after one second, approximately 19.62 m/s (64.4 ft/s) after two seconds, and so on, adding 9.80665 m/s (32.1740 ft/s) to each resulting velocity."
}
] |
Many of the modern theories on gravity were based on Galileo's work.
| 1 | 4 |
Gravity
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System."
}
] |
mb9QPTGdVVtrvMmF7cVj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jupiter is one of the brightest objects visible to the naked eye in the night sky, and has been known to ancient civilizations since before recorded history."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology",
"text": "It is visible to the naked eye in the night sky and can occasionally be seen in the daytime when the Sun is low."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "Jupiter is usually the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and Venus); at times Mars is brighter than Jupiter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When viewed from Earth, Jupiter can be bright enough for its reflected light to cast shadows, and is on average the third-brightest natural object in the night sky after the Moon and Venus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "That is, for a period Jupiter seems to move backward in the night sky, performing a looping motion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a gas giant with a mass one-thousandth that of the Sun, but two-and-a-half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined."
},
{
"section_header": "Moons",
"text": "The four largest moons, visible from Earth with binoculars on a clear night, known as the \"Galilean moons\", are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto."
},
{
"section_header": "History of research and exploration | Pre-telescopic research",
"text": "The Chinese historian Xi Zezong has claimed that Gan De, an ancient Chinese astronomer, discovered one of Jupiter's moons in 362 BC with the unaided eye."
},
{
"section_header": "Orbit and rotation",
"text": "Jupiter is the only planet whose barycenter with the Sun lies outside the volume of the Sun, though by only 7% of the Sun's radius."
}
] |
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun, and is one of the brightest objects visible to the naked eye in the night sky.
| 0 | 0 |
Jupiter
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sherlock is a British crime television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories."
}
] |
mbiYFDEwE0bMoZLjvvGf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is supported by the American station WGBH-TV Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series on PBS, where it also airs in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"In 2019, Sherlock was ranked 60th on The Guardian's list of the 100 best TV shows of the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sherlock is a British crime television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes detective stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cast and characters",
"text": "In Series 3, Wanda Ventham and Timothy Carlton, Cumberbatch's actual parents, are introduced as Sherlock and Mycroft's parents."
},
{
"section_header": "Home release and merchandise | Books and websites",
"text": "Publishers and retailers reported a 180% rise in sales of Sherlock Holmes books during the first series' broadcast."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Conception and development",
"text": "Moffat had previously announced that if a series of Sherlock was commissioned, Gatiss would take over the duties of executive producer so that he could concentrate on producing Doctor Who."
},
{
"section_header": "Home release and merchandise | Books and websites",
"text": "Two more books, The Return of Sherlock Holmes and His Last Bow, were released in December 2013, ahead of the premiere of the third series."
},
{
"section_header": "Home release and merchandise | Books and websites",
"text": "Sherlock: The Casebook, a companion book to the series written by Guy Adams, was published by BBC Books in the United Kingdom in October 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Home release and merchandise | Books and websites",
"text": "The Sherlock Files: The Official Companion to the Hit Television Series in July 2013.In Japan, a manga adaptation of the series illustrated by Jay was serialised in Kadokawa's Young Ace magazine from 4 October 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Conception and development",
"text": "Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss, Sherlock Holmes fans with experience of adapting or using Victorian literature for television, devised the concept of the series."
}
] |
Sherlock is an American TV series.
| 0 | 2 |
Sherlock (TV series)
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Great Ball Court",
"text": "Archaeologists have identified thirteen ballcourts for playing the Mesoamerican ballgame in Chichen Itza, but the Great Ball Court about 150 metres (490 ft) to the north-west of the Castillo is by far the most impressive."
}
] |
mbwjVW23yaNWDxiRT3ly
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Modern history",
"text": "For 30 years, Thompson explored the ancient city."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Great Ball Court",
"text": "It is the largest and best preserved ball court in ancient Mesoamerica."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Central Group",
"text": "An earlier name of the building, according to a translation of glyphs in the Casa Colorada, is Wa(k)wak Puh Ak Na, \"the flat house with the excessive number of chambers,\" and it was the home of the administrator of Chichén Itzá, kokom"
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Caves of Balankanche",
"text": "In the caves, a large selection of ancient pottery and idols may be seen still in the positions where they were left in pre-Columbian times."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Temple of the Warriors",
"text": "The one at Chichen Itza, however, was constructed on a larger scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Tourism has been a factor at Chichen Itza for more than a century."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Sacred Cenote",
"text": "The Cenote Sagrado was a place of pilgrimage for ancient Maya people who, according to ethnohistoric sources, would conduct sacrifices during times of drought."
},
{
"section_header": "Location",
"text": "Chichen Itza is located in the eastern portion of Yucatán state in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Central Group",
"text": "Las Monjas is one of the more notable structures at Chichen Itza."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Spanish conquest",
"text": "Montejo the Younger eventually arrived at Chichen Itza, which he renamed Ciudad Real."
},
{
"section_header": "Site description | Architectural groups | Great North Platform | Great Ball Court",
"text": "Archaeologists have identified thirteen ballcourts for playing the Mesoamerican ballgame in Chichen Itza, but the Great Ball Court about 150 metres (490 ft) to the north-west of the Castillo is by far the most impressive."
}
] |
Chichen Itza is the Ancient home of basketball.
| 1 | 4 |
Chichen Itza
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "Her paternal grandparents emigrated from Galicia (Poland–Ukraine) and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire, where her grandfather had been a cantor."
}
] |
mc5rejeaI2fmopm2ozNX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "Streisand is one of many singers who use teleprompters during their live performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "Streisand's family was Jewish."
},
{
"section_header": "\"Streisand effect\"",
"text": "Mike Masnick of Techdirt coined the term \"Streisand effect\" in January 2005 to describe the publicity generated by Streisand's efforts to suppress the publication of the photograph."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and family",
"text": "Dating Barbra Streisand is like wearing Hot Lava."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "Streisand has defended her choice in using teleprompters to display lyrics and, sometimes, banter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "This led many people to openly criticize Streisand for price gouging as many tickets sold for upwards of $1,000.A collection of performances culled from different stops on this tour, Live in Concert 2006, debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200, making it Streisand's 29th Top 10 album."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "In August 1943, a few months after Streisand's first birthday, her father died at age 34 from complications from an epileptic seizure, possibly the result of a head injury years earlier The family fell into near-poverty, with her mother working as a low-paid bookkeeper."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Singing",
"text": "The album received generally favorable reviews and once again debuted at No. 1 on the pop charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Politics",
"text": "Streisand has long been an active supporter of the Democratic Party and many of its causes."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Honors",
"text": "Many of her films were represented on AFI's 100 Years ... series."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Family",
"text": "Her paternal grandparents emigrated from Galicia (Poland–Ukraine) and her maternal grandparents from the Russian Empire, where her grandfather had been a cantor."
}
] |
Barbra Streisand's family has been in the US for many generations.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbra Streisand
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
mcMGt2ZGeeYHsVJsLC91
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Wilhelm was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "Wilhelm retired with the lowest career earned run average of any major league hurler after 1927 (Walter Johnson) who had pitched more than 2,000 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Wilhelm was the first relief pitcher elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Wilhelm was on the ballot for the Baseball Hall of Fame for eight years before he was elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He was the oldest player in Major League Baseball for each of his final seven seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Middle career",
"text": "That total set a modern single-season baseball record for the category."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "He pitched 111 innings, finishing with a 12–4 record and a 2.10 ERA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilhelm was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985, and is one of 83 pitchers enshrined in the Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "He finished the 1956 season with a 4–9 record and a 3.83 ERA in 89 1⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "Wilhelm started six of those games and registered a 3.89 ERA.Wilhelm pitched in 16 games for the Dodgers in 1972, registering a 4.62 ERA over 25 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Hoyt Wilhelm (July 26, 1922 – August 23, 2002), nicknamed \"Old Sarge\", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher with the New York Giants, St. Louis Cardinals, Cleveland Indians, Baltimore Orioles, Chicago White Sox, California Angels, Atlanta Braves, Chicago Cubs, and Los Angeles Dodgers between 1952 and 1972."
}
] |
Wilhelm was a batter in Major League Baseball.
| 1 | 7 |
Hoyt Wilhelm
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Sony'r Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 – May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, \"cosmic\" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Claiming to be an alien from Saturn on a mission to preach peace, he developed a mythical persona and an idiosyncratic credo that made him a pioneer of Afrofuturism."
}
] |
mcmWDxFyyPWkdVH64skQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Chicago phase",
"text": "The first period occurred in the 1950s when Sun Ra's music evolved from big band swing into the outer-space-themed \"cosmic jazz\" for which he was best known."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Outer Space Visual Communicator",
"text": "The images are not slaves to the sounds but function the way a dancer does; interpreting, harmonizing, and enlarging the space created by the music.\" (John Bishop, Video Magazine) Contemporary OVC-3D compositions from Bill continue to utilize the music of Sun Ra and rely on his inspiration, as in this clip from Aethiopia"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Sony'r Ra (born Herman Poole Blount, May 22, 1914 – May 30, 1993), better known as Sun Ra, was an American jazz composer, bandleader, piano and synthesizer player, and poet known for his experimental music, \"cosmic\" philosophy, prolific output, and theatrical performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Outer Space Visual Communicator",
"text": "The name of the instrument arose from Bill Sebastian's collaboration with Sun Ra."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Outer Space Visual Communicator",
"text": "Sun Ra incorporated the OVC into the Arkestra from 1978-1980 and experimented with Bill on video applications from 1981 to 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early professional career and college",
"text": "Some believe these influenced the elements Sun Ra incorporated in his later stage shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Chicago phase",
"text": "We Travel the Space Ways, The Nubians of Plutonia and Jazz In Silhouette."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Sun Ra had a stroke in 1990, but kept composing, performing, and leading the Arkestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Outer Space Visual Communicator",
"text": "The following is a partial list of musical collaborators, and the eras when they played with Sun Ra or the Arkestra: The OVC was a giant machine, played with hands and feet, that allowed artists to create and finger-paint with light similar to how musicians create and explore sound with their instruments."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | California and world tours (1968–93)",
"text": "Soft-spoken and charismatic, Sun Ra turned Squat Theater into a universe of big band \"space\" jazz backed by a floor show of sexy Jupiterettes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Claiming to be an alien from Saturn on a mission to preach peace, he developed a mythical persona and an idiosyncratic credo that made him a pioneer of Afrofuturism."
}
] |
Sun Ra was an American jazz composer who believed he was from outer space to preach to the Earthlings.
| 0 | 0 |
Sun Ra
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Worldwide",
"text": "Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $250.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the most profitable film of 2014."
}
] |
md04dDcABVbhHWvXT0pk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film based on the Transformers toy line."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "After five days of its release, Age of Extinction surpassed its North American run with $134.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "In only 10 days of its release, it became the highest-grossing film in China with $222.74 million, thus overtaking Avatar's previous record."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction is the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2014 in the U.S. and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Worldwide",
"text": "Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $250.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the most profitable film of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the fourth installment of the live-action Transformers film series and a sequel to 2011's Dark of the Moon, taking place five years after its events."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Authenticity over North American box office opening",
"text": "The $100 million opening announced for Transformers: Age of Extinction is disputed within the industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On September 3, 2013, Paramount released an official teaser poster for the film, revealing the title to be Transformers: Age of Extinction."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction was released on Blu-ray, DVD, and Blu-ray 3D formats on September 30, 2014, in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "Transformers: Age of Extinction earned $202.1 million in its opening weekend from 37 countries in 10,152 screens, which is 35% bigger than Dark of the Moon and marking the biggest international opening of 2014 (breaking X-Men: Days of Future Past's record set one month prior)."
}
] |
Transformers: Age of Extinction is a 2014 American science fiction action film, which after five days, became the most profitable film in China and England.
| 0 | 0 |
Transformers: Age of Extinction
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also been a popular spokesman, most famously for Jockey International for almost 20 years."
}
] |
md6bELUV4FNuvnzmAlu2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | Early broadcasting career",
"text": "While still an active player, Palmer did color commentary for ABC for their coverage of the 1978, 1980 and 1982 American League Championship Series, 1981 American League Division Series between Oakland and Kansas City, and the 1981 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "During the late 1970s, Palmer was a spokesman and underwear model for Jockey brand men's briefs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has also been a popular spokesman, most famously for Jockey International for almost 20 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1980s",
"text": "Palmer was the only Orioles player on the 1983 championship team to have previously won a World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Endorsements",
"text": "He is currently a spokesman for the national \"Strike Out High Cholesterol\" campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1980s",
"text": "Also, Palmer became the only player in Orioles history to appear in all six (1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1979, 1983) of their World Series appearances to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | Legacy",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked No. 64 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Alvin Palmer (born October 15, 1945) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Baltimore Orioles (1965–1967, 1969–1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Showing talent playing American Legion Baseball at the amateur level, upon graduating from Arizona's Scottsdale High School in 1963, Palmer signed a minor-league contract at the age of 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in baseball | 1960s",
"text": "He hit the first of his three career major-league home runs, a two-run shot, in the fourth inning of that game, off Yankees starter Jim Bouton."
}
] |
American baseball player Jim Palmer was a spokesman.
| 0 | 0 |
Jim Palmer
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He then jumped to the rebel Players' League and spent 1890 with its Boston club and, after the PL folded, played the 1891 season with Cincinnati in the American Association before retiring."
}
] |
meDPuTaX0NpSTNHd3fZT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "He played in six games, batted .143, and never pitched an inning, but practiced so hard he developed a sore shoulder and was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Radbourn was claimed by Boston, and he spent the next four seasons with the club, winning 27, 24, 7, and 20 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "Soon, pitching every other day as he was, his arm became so sore he couldn't raise it to comb his hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for Buffalo (1880), Providence (1881–1885), Boston (National League) (1886–1889), Boston (Player's League) (1890), and Cincinnati (1891)."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season | Statistical notes",
"text": "There is no dispute about the 678⅔ innings pitched, only over the manner in which victories were assigned to pitchers; the rules in the early years allowed more latitude to the official scorer than they do today."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He then jumped to the rebel Players' League and spent 1890 with its Boston club and, after the PL folded, played the 1891 season with Cincinnati in the American Association before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1885, when the Grays team folded, the roster was transferred to NL control, and Radbourn was claimed by Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent the next four seasons with the club, spent one year with the Boston franchise of the single-season Players' League, and finished his MLB career with Cincinnati."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "He began his warm up by throwing just a few feet, increasing the distance gradually until he was pitching from second base and finally from short center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1881–1883 seasons",
"text": "Radbourn pitched 325.1 innings and compiled a win-loss record of 25-11."
}
] |
Charles Radbourn was so good at pitching for his boys, that Boston couldn't keep their hands off of him, grabbing him for 4 seasons of rough victories. He stayed in Boston, pitching hard until the very end of his career.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Radbourn
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 84% based on 438 reviews, with an average rating of 7.49/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "IGN reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film 9/10, saying, \"Rogue One is a movie crammed with fan service, but when fan service is done this well, there's little to complain about and much to adore.\" Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, writing, \"this spin-off/prequel has the same primitive, lived-in, emotional, loopy, let's-put-on-a-show spirit that made us fall in love with the original trilogy.\" /Film gave Rogue One 8/10, writing that the film is enjoyable but does not have the emotional weight of The Force Awakens, because \"no character in Rogue One was strongly compelling\"."
}
] |
meo8Vl1YzZ6G87Xehotn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Views on CGI",
"text": "One could fairly retitle the movie to 'Rogue One: an Engineering Ethics Story.'\" While much of the computer-generated imagery (CGI) received praise, some news organizations published criticism about certain aspects, including the visual effects (VFX) that were used to revive Peter Cushing, who had died in 1994, as Grand Moff Tarkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Good guys are bad. Bad guys are good."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Rogue One draws deep on Star Wars mythology while breaking new narrative and aesthetic ground and suggesting a bright blockbuster future for the franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "IGN reviewer Eric Goldman gave the film 9/10, saying, \"Rogue One is a movie crammed with fan service, but when fan service is done this well, there's little to complain about and much to adore.\" Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, writing, \"this spin-off/prequel has the same primitive, lived-in, emotional, loopy, let's-put-on-a-show spirit that made us fall in love with the original trilogy.\" /Film gave Rogue One 8/10, writing that the film is enjoyable but does not have the emotional weight of The Force Awakens, because \"no character in Rogue One was strongly compelling\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" The Washington Post wrote \"Rogue One represents an unobjectionable exercise in franchise extension."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It received positive reviews from critics, with praise for its acting, story, visuals, musical score, and tone, but criticism for its underdeveloped characters and digital recreation of actors from the original trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "While he praised the set design and visuals, calling them \"gorgeous\", he criticized a lack of interesting character development and a script that felt \"completely constricted by its purpose\".Peter Bradshaw, film critic of The Guardian says, \"Rogue One doesn't really go rogue at any stage, and it isn't a pop culture event like The Force Awakens, in whose slipstream this appears; part of its charm resides in the eerie, almost dreamlike effect of continually producing familiar elements, reshuffled and reconfigured, a reaching back to the past and hinting at a preordained future."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In a poll on the official Star Wars website in May 2017, in which more than 30,000 people voted, Chirrut Îmwe was voted as the most popular Rogue One character."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or simply Rogue One) is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Rogue One introduced many new characters into the Star Wars mythology, with Chirrut Îmwe, played by Donnie Yen, and K-2SO, played by Alan Tudyk, being the most popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 84% based on 438 reviews, with an average rating of 7.49/10."
}
] |
The Rogue One movie received good critics.
| 3 | 7 |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "He was married twice, first to his former pupil Sofia Rudbeck (1894 to 1896), with whom he had one son Olof Arrhenius, and then to Maria Johansson (1905 to 1927), with whom he had two daughters and a son."
}
] |
mfIAcTj2tpOux1JEfDEq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1911 he won the first Willard Gibbs Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1903 he became the first Swede to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "About 1900, Arrhenius became involved in setting up the Nobel Institutes and the Nobel Prizes."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "They were far more impressed, and Ostwald even came to Uppsala to persuade Arrhenius to join his research team."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "He was married twice, first to his former pupil Sofia Rudbeck (1894 to 1896), with whom he had one son Olof Arrhenius, and then to Maria Johansson (1905 to 1927), with whom he had two daughters and a son."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Later years",
"text": "Gordon Stein wrote that Svante Arrhenius was an atheist."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Arrhenius, Svante. Die Verbreitung des Lebens"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "For the rest of his life, he would be a member of the Nobel Committee on Physics and a de facto member of the Nobel Committee on Chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Greenhouse effect",
"text": "By the influence of the increasing percentage of carbonic acid in the atmosphere, we may hope to enjoy ages with more equable and better climates, especially as regards the colder regions of the earth, ages when the earth will bring forth much more abundant crops than at present, for the benefit of rapidly propagating mankind.\" (p. 63)At"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Svante August Arrhenius (; 19 February 1859 – 2 October 1927) was a Swedish scientist."
}
] |
Svante Arrhenius won some awards like the Nobel and was married more than once.
| 0 | 0 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
}
] |
mfNfuCg2VmJA1ZEFrw7q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lower Depths (Russian: На дне, Na dne, literally: 'At the bottom') is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The characters of The Lower Depths are said to have been inspired by the denizens of the Bugrov Homeless Shelter (Russian: The characters of The Lower Depths are said to have been inspired by the denizens of the Bugrov Homeless Shelter (Russian: Бугровская ночлежка, Bugrovskaya nochlezhka) in Nizhny Novgorod, which had been built in 1880–83 by the Old Believer grain merchant and philanthropist Nikolai Alexandrovich Bugrov (Russian: Николай Александрович Бугров) (1837–1911) in memory of his father, A. P. Bugrov."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When it first appeared, The Lower Depths was criticized for its pessimism and ambiguous ethical message."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1936 : French film director Jean Renoir made a 1936 film of the same name as the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1921: 1921: Japanese film: Minoru Murata directed a silent film called Souls on the Road (Rojō no Reikon), based on this play."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1952: The Moscow Art Theatre production of the play was filmed by Soviet director A. Frolov in conjunction with Mosfilm studio and released as a feature film in the USSR."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The theme of harsh truth versus the comforting lie pervades the play from start to finish, as most of the characters choose to deceive themselves over the bleak reality of their condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "In the 1955 animated film Lady and the Tramp's dog pound scene, the incarcerated and homeless Russian Wolfhound Boris quotes a passage from the play: \"Miserable being must find more miserable being."
}
] |
The Russian play The Lower Depths has never been turned into a film because of its controversial themes.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lower Depths
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "A 2012 report by the National Cultural Heritage Administration states that 22% of the Ming Great Wall has disappeared, while 1,961 km (1,219 mi) of wall have vanished."
}
] |
mfXOokudOLQCtC0T6Ii0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "A 2012 report by the National Cultural Heritage Administration states that 22% of the Ming Great Wall has disappeared, while 1,961 km (1,219 mi) of wall have vanished."
},
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "Various square lookout towers that characterize the most famous images of the wall have disappeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "More than 60 km (37 mi) of the wall in Gansu province may disappear in the next 20 years, due to erosion from sandstorms."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "The Jiayu Pass, located in Gansu province, is the western terminus of the Ming Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "One of the most striking sections of the Ming Great Wall is where it climbs extremely steep slopes in Jinshanling."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "The Great Wall concept was revived again under the Ming in the 14th century, and following the Ming army's defeat by the Oirats in the Battle of Tumu."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "Towards the end of the Ming, the Great Wall helped defend the empire against the Manchu invasions that began around 1600."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "3 km (2 mi) north of Shanhai Pass is Jiaoshan Great Wall (焦山長城), the site of the first mountain of the Great Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "There at Piantou Pass (t 偏頭關, s 偏头关, Piāntóuguān) in Xinzhou, Shanxi province, the Great Wall splits in two with the \"Outer Great Wall\" (t 外長城, s 外长城, Wài Chǎngchéng) extending along the Inner Mongolia border with Shanxi into Hebei province, and the \"inner Great Wall\" (t 內長城, s 內长城, Nèi Chǎngchéng) running southeast from Piantou Pass for some 400 km (250 mi), passing through important passes like the Pingxing Pass and Yanmen Pass before joining the Outer Great Wall at Sihaiye (四海冶, Sìhǎiyě), in Beijing's Yanqing County."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "The sections of the Great Wall around Beijing municipality are especially famous: they were frequently renovated and are regularly visited by tourists today."
}
] |
In 2012, 22% of the Ming Great Wall has disappeared.
| 3 | 7 |
Great Wall of China
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "After its first release, this book sold far better than any of Butler's other works, perhaps because the British public assumed that the anonymous author was some better-known figure (the favourite being Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who had published The Coming Race two years previously)."
}
] |
mfbF8iTeAhXeTWcZ4ggE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "The greater part of the book consists of a description of Erewhon."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "After its first release, this book sold far better than any of Butler's other works, perhaps because the British public assumed that the anonymous author was some better-known figure (the favourite being Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who had published The Coming Race two years previously)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "In 2014, New Zealand artist Gavin Hipkins released his first feature film, titled Erewhon and based on Butler's book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Erewhon: or, Over the Range () is a novel by Samuel Butler which was first published anonymously in 1872, set in a fictional country discovered and explored by the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "New Zealand sound art organisation, the Audio Foundation, published in 2012 an anthology edited by Bruce Russell named Erewhon Calling after Butler's book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first few chapters of the novel dealing with the discovery of Erewhon are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand, where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years (1860–64), and explored parts of the interior of the South Island and which he wrote about in his A First Year in Canterbury Settlement (1863)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Deleuze and Guattari",
"text": "The French philosopher Gilles Deleuze used ideas from Butler's book at various points in the development of his philosophy of difference."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Deleuze and Guattari",
"text": "For another, he is not content to say that organisms are machines, but asserts that they contain such an abundance of parts that they must be compared to very different parts of distinct machines, each relating to the others, engendered in combination with the others ... He shatters the vitalist argument by calling in question the specific or personal unity of the organism, and the mechanist argument even more decisively, by calling in question the structural unity of the machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | The Book of the Machines",
"text": "Butler developed the three chapters of Erewhon that make up \"The Book of the Machines\" from a number of articles that he had contributed to The Press, which had just begun publication in Christchurch, New Zealand, beginning with \"Darwin among the Machines\" (1863)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In a 1945 broadcast, George Orwell praised the book and said that when Butler wrote Erewhon it needed \"imagination of a very high order to see that machinery could be dangerous as well as useful.\" He recommended the novel, though not its sequel, Erewhon Revisited."
}
] |
The book Erewhon had greater sales than any of Samuel Butler's other works.
| 0 | 0 |
Erewhon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "The aedificium's labyrinth",
"text": "Finally, the library is in the form of a labyrinth, whose secret only the librarian and the assistant librarian know."
}
] |
mg0aDP0rzMJCBFEcr9Fn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions | To other works",
"text": "Borges was blind during his later years and was also director of Argentina's national library; his short story \"The Library of Babel\" is an inspiration for the secret library in Eco's book."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions | To other works",
"text": "In The Name of the Rose, the librarian Jorge uses William's belief that the murders are based on the Revelation to John to misdirect William, though in Eco's tale, the detective succeeds in solving the crime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Name of the Rose (Italian: Il nome della rosa [il ˈnoːme della ˈrɔːza]) is the 1980 debut novel by Italian author Umberto Eco."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "According to nominalism, universals are bare names: there is not a universal rose, only the name rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "They chose The Name of the Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The Name of the Rose has been described as a work of postmodernism."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The Name of the Rose \"came to me virtually by chance."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "This text has also been translated as \"Yesterday's rose stands only in name, we hold only empty names."
},
{
"section_header": "The aedificium's labyrinth",
"text": "There are another eight rooms on the outer walls, and sixteen rooms in the centre of the maze."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "\" In the Postscript to the Name of the Rose, Eco claims to have chosen the title \"because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The aedificium's labyrinth",
"text": "Finally, the library is in the form of a labyrinth, whose secret only the librarian and the assistant librarian know."
}
] |
In Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose, the maze is the library.
| 0 | 0 |
The Name of the Rose
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "This time he succeeded in donating the Vanderbilt to the Union navy, equipping it with a ram and staffing it with handpicked officers."
}
] |
mh1ydkUfhPDfoW4TNsj2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "When the Civil War began in 1861, Vanderbilt attempted to donate his largest steamship, the Vanderbilt, to the Union Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "This time he succeeded in donating the Vanderbilt to the Union navy, equipping it with a ram and staffing it with handpicked officers."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "Vanderbilt had little choice but to lease it to the War Department, at prices set by ship brokers."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "For donating the Vanderbilt, he was awarded a Congressional Gold Medal."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "When the Confederate ironclad Virginia (popularly known in the North as the Merrimack) wrought havoc with the Union blockading squadron at Hampton Roads, Virginia, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton and President Abraham Lincoln called on Vanderbilt for help."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877) was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles refused it, thinking its operation and maintenance too expensive for what he expected to be a short war."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "Vanderbilt also paid to outfit a major expedition to New Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "It helped bottle up the Virginia, after which Vanderbilt converted it into a cruiser to hunt for the Confederate commerce raider Alabama, captained by Raphael Semmes."
},
{
"section_header": "American Civil War",
"text": "He suffered a grievous loss when George Washington Vanderbilt II, his youngest and favorite son, and heir apparent, a graduate of the United States Military Academy, fell ill and died without ever seeing combat."
}
] |
American business man Cornelius Vanderbilt donated a ship to the Union in the Civil War.
| 0 | 0 |
Cornelius Vanderbilt
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Guiteau and shooting",
"text": "Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker, at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881."
}
] |
mh7swlCMGu1DEc99x6oF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881) was the 20th president of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881, until his death by assassination six and a half months later."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Supreme Court nomination",
"text": "In 1880, President Hayes had nominated Stanley Matthews to the Supreme Court of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Perhaps if he had lived he could have done no more.\" Rutkow writes, \"James Abram Garfield's presidency is reduced to a tantalizing '"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only sitting member of the United States House of Representatives to be elected to the presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Reforms",
"text": "Garfield demanded Brady's resignation and ordered prosecutions that would end in trials for conspiracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Foreign policy and naval reform",
"text": "Garfield also considered enhancing the United States' military strength abroad, asking Navy Secretary Hunt to investigate the condition of the navy with an eye toward expansion and modernization."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Cabinet and inauguration",
"text": "Garfield, who believed the practice was corrupt, would not back down and threatened to withdraw all nominations unless Robertson was confirmed, intending to \"settle the question whether the president is registering clerk of the Senate or the Executive of the United States.\" Ultimately, Conkling and his New York colleague, Senator Thomas C. Platt, resigned their Senate seats to seek vindication, but found only further humiliation when the New York legislature elected others in their places."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Foreign policy and naval reform",
"text": "Garfield's and Blaine's plans for the United States' involvement in the world stretched even beyond the Western Hemisphere, as he sought commercial treaties with Korea and Madagascar."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Reforms",
"text": "Garfield sympathized with them, believing that the spoils system damaged the presidency and distracted from more important concerns."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Foreign policy and naval reform",
"text": "In the end, these ambitious plans came to nothing after Garfield was assassinated."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Guiteau and shooting",
"text": "Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker, at the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station in Washington, D.C. on July 2, 1881."
}
] |
James Abram Garfield, the 20th president of the United States, ended his presidency unexpectedly when he was poisoned in 1881.
| 0 | 0 |
James A. Garfield
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Fitzgerald began working on a new novel almost immediately after the publication of The Great Gatsby in April 1925."
}
] |
mhF8bvSSNwCuyXACLJMc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "He salvaged almost everything he had written for the Melarkey draft of the novel in some form or other and also borrowed ideas, images, and phrases from many short stories he had written in the years since completing The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Legacy and modern analysis",
"text": "Anne Daniel, writing for The Huffington Post, lamented the book's forgotten status in mainstream culture and commented that readers who loved The Great Gatsby would inevitably come to love Tender"
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in other works | References in film",
"text": "Tender is the Night has appeared in several films."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Fitzgerald began working on a new novel almost immediately after the publication of The Great Gatsby in April 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fitzgerald considered Tender is the Night to be his greatest work."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Fitzgerald considered the novel to be his masterwork and expected it to eclipse the popularity and acclaim of his earlier novels, particularly The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception | Legacy and modern analysis",
"text": "\" It is now widely regarded as among Fitzgerald's most accomplished works, with some, particularly critics outside the US, agreeing with the author's own assessment that it surpasses The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tender is the Night is the fourth and final novel completed by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV and stage adaptations",
"text": "The song \"Tender Is the Night\" from the movie soundtrack was nominated for the 1962 Academy Awards for Best Song."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV and stage adaptations",
"text": "The film Tender is the Night (1962), based on the novel, starred Jason Robards and Jennifer Jones as the Divers."
}
] |
The 1934 book Tender is the Night was written after The Great Gatsby.
| 0 | 0 |
Tender is the Night
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to a new level of popularity."
}
] |
mhVlgSR9HvCJtRpaALBN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handy was one of the most influential songwriters in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Handy was an educated musician who used elements of folk music in his compositions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, Handy did not create the blues genre but was the first to publish music in the blues form, thereby taking the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to a new level of popularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1902 Handy traveled throughout Mississippi, listening to various styles of popular black music."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was deeply religious. His musical style was influenced by the church music he sang and played in his youth and by the sounds of nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "By 1914, when he was 40, he had established his musical style, his popularity had greatly increased, and he was a prolific composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "\" The 1912 publication of the sheet music of \"The Memphis Blues\" introduced his style of 12-bar blues; it was credited as the inspiration for the foxtrot by Vernon and Irene Castle, a New York dance team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1926 Handy wrote Blues: An Anthology—Complete Words and Music of 53 Great Songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Blues Music Award was known as the W. C. Handy Award until the name change in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1955, he suffered a stroke, after which he began to use a wheelchair."
}
] |
Handy was very influential and important in helping Blues style music reach across the U.S.
| 0 | 0 |
W.C. Handy
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drysdale was born in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, and attended Van Nuys High School, where one of his classmates was actor Robert Redford."
}
] |
mhtjwZnDQX5F19msIk6x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale pitched for the Dodgers instead of Koufax, giving up seven runs in 2 2⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Drysdale and Meyers had three children together: Don Junior (\"DJ\") (son), Darren (son), and Drew (daughter)."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In the meantime, Drysdale filled in for Jackson on play-by-play for the early innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "La Russa pulled up the third base bag and hurled it into the outfield, to the approval of the Comiskey Park crowd, and ensuring his ejection."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | 1988",
"text": "Hershiser almost did not pitch in the 10th inning, in deference to Drysdale, but was convinced to take the mound and try to break the record."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "his last ABC assignment, Drysdale interviewed the winners in the Boston Red Sox's clubhouse following Game 7 of the 1986 American League Championship Series against the California Angels."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1968, Drysdale set Major League records with six consecutive shutouts and 58 2⁄3 consecutive scoreless innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career | 1988",
"text": "The Dodgers' anemic offense obliged, and Hershiser pitched the first 10 innings of a scoreless tie, with the Padres eventually prevailing 2–1 in 16 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Drysdale won the 1962 Cy Young Award and in 1968 pitched a record six consecutive shutouts and 58 2⁄3 consecutive scoreless innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Drysdale's body was cremated and his ashes were placed in the Utility Columbarium in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, but they were scattered in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Drysdale was born in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, and attended Van Nuys High School, where one of his classmates was actor Robert Redford."
}
] |
Don Drysdale grew up in California.
| 1 | 2 |
Don Drysdale
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "At one point, in 1978, the Gibb brothers were responsible for writing and/or performing nine of the songs in the Billboard Hot 100."
}
] |
mi0TwRjmg40YeRjM1l7P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "At one point, in 1978, the Gibb brothers were responsible for writing and/or performing nine of the songs in the Billboard Hot 100."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "On the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for 25 March 1978, five songs written by the Gibbs were in the US top 10 at the same time: \"Night Fever\", \"Stayin' Alive\", \" If I Can't Have You\", \"Emotion\" and \"Love Is Thicker Than Water\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "In all, the Gibbs placed 13 singles onto the Hot 100 in 1978, with 12 making the Top 40."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1999: Comeback, return to popularity and Andy's death",
"text": "Success still eluded them in the US, however, as the first single released, \"Paying the Price of Love\", only managed to reach No. 74 on the Billboard Hot 100, while the parent album stalled at No."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "Even long after the Bee Gees' success on the pop charts, they were still writing songs for other people, huge hit songs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "Around the same time, the Bee Gees turned down an offer to write and perform the soundtrack for the film Wonderwall, according to director Joe Massot."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2012: Return to performing and Robin's death",
"text": "Barry and Robin performed on the BBC's"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1986: Outside projects, band turmoil, solo efforts and decline",
"text": "In August 1983, Barry signed a solo deal with MCA Records and spent much of late 1983 and 1984 writing songs for this first solo effort, Now Voyager."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "The brothers had to sing live and received such a positive response from the audience that they decided to pursue a singing career."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "The songs were all pre-recorded on 1 December 1967 and the group lip-synched their performance."
}
] |
In 1978 they were responsible for writing and/or performing 11 of the songs in the Billboard Hot 100.
| 2 | 6 |
Bee Gees
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was set to attend an opening of the completed film, but died of liver disease in June 2004, months prior to the premiere."
}
] |
miumU1ujp3fUxlbgFkjh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ray is a 2004 American biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Ray was released in theaters on October 29, 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"An engrossing and energetic portrait of a great musician's achievements and foibles, Ray is anchored by Jamie Foxx's stunning performance as Ray Charles.\" CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare \"A+\" grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "he's portraying... that's the only time an actor has ever brought a pop icon fully to life on-screen.\" The film's credits state that Ray is based on true events, but includes some characters, names, locations, and events which have been changed and others which have been \"fictionalized for dramatization purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "It is true that Charles kicked his heroin addiction after undergoing treatment in a psychiatric hospital during 1965, as stated towards the end of the film, but it is not mentioned that he would often use gin and marijuana as substitutes for heroin throughout much of the remaining years of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In the scene in which \"What'd I Say\" is being played, Charles is depicted as playing a Fender Rhodes electric piano, but in reality, he used a Wurlitzer electric piano on the original recording and began using it on tour in 1956, because he didn't trust the tuning and quality of the pianos provided to him at every venue."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In the film, when his backing singer and mistress Margie Hendricks informs Ray she is pregnant with his child, Ray suggests she should have an abortion, out of loyalty to Della; Margie decides to keep the baby and soon leaves Ray to pursue a separate singing career after he refuses to abandon his family, move in with her and welcome the baby into his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 80% based on 204 reviews, with an average rating of 7.28/10."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "During the final scene in the film, when Charles' version of \"Georgia on My Mind\" becomes Georgia's state song, Charles is congratulated by his wife Della, and a resolution is also passed to lift the lifetime ban he had received in 1962 after he declared he would no longer perform at segregated public facilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In reality, by the time \"Georgia on My Mind\" became Georgia's state song in 1979, Charles and Della had already divorced, so she wasn't present when Charles performed at the Georgia State Legislature; and since he had never been banned from performing in Georgia in the first place, no such resolution was ever passed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was set to attend an opening of the completed film, but died of liver disease in June 2004, months prior to the premiere."
}
] |
Ray Charles passed away before the biographical movie based on his life was released to U.S. audiences.
| 2 | 3 |
Ray (film)
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73."
}
] |
mj9mMDils4rsmEAHNtpG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under Toyotomi, Tokugawa was relocated to the Kanto plains in eastern Japan, away from the Toyotomi power base in Osaka."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Hideyoshi (1584–1598)",
"text": "Hideyoshi was understandably distrustful of Ieyasu, and five years passed before they fought as allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Service under Imagawa (1556–1560)",
"text": "By 1560 the leadership of the Oda clan had passed to the brilliant leader Oda Nobunaga."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu in popular culture | Honnōji theory",
"text": "Historically, Ieyasu was away from his lord at the time and, when he heard that Nobunaga was in danger, he wanted to rush to his lord's rescue in spite of the small number of attendants with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu's character",
"text": "When ambitious desires arise in thy heart, recall the days of extremity thou hast passed through."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Nobunaga (1570-1584) | Conflict with Takeda",
"text": "For the next seven years, Ieyasu and Katsuyori fought a series of small battles, as the result of which Ieyasu's troops managed to wrest control of Suruga Province away from the Takeda clan."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Nobunaga (1570-1584) | Conflict with Hideyoshi",
"text": "This was a dangerous act and could have resulted in the annihilation of the Tokugawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Nobunaga (1570-1584) | Conflict with Hideyoshi",
"text": "However, few other Tokugawa retainers followed this example."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to Power (1560-1570) | Growing political influence",
"text": "In 1567, he changed his name yet again, this time to Tokugawa Ieyasu."
},
{
"section_header": "The Sekigahara Campaign (1598–1603)",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu was now the de facto ruler of Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In 1616, Ieyasu died at age 73."
}
] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu passed away in his 70s.
| 2 | 2 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Douglass wrote several autobiographies, notably describing his experiences as a slave in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), which became a bestseller, and was influential in promoting the cause of abolition, as was his second book, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman."
}
] |
mjGaqyX7NaeIvu0UQpsz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Without his approval, Douglass became the first African-American nominated for Vice President of the United States as the running mate and Vice Presidential nominee of Victoria Woodhull, on the Equal Rights Party ticket."
},
{
"section_header": "Reconstruction era",
"text": "An associate of Douglass wrote of Grant that African Americans \"will ever cherish a grateful remembrance of his name, fame and great services.\" In 1872, Douglass became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States, as Victoria Woodhull's running mate on the Equal Rights Party ticket."
},
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Autobiography",
"text": "Douglass's best-known work is his first autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, written during his time in Lynn, Massachusetts and published in 1845."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Douglass wrote several autobiographies, notably describing his experiences as a slave in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), which became a bestseller, and was influential in promoting the cause of abolition, as was his second book, My Bondage and My Freedom (1855)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "In 1921, members of the Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity (the first African-American intercollegiate fraternity) designated Frederick Douglass as an honorary member."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years in Washington, D.C.",
"text": "At the 1888 Republican National Convention, Douglass became the first African American to receive a vote for President of the United States in a major party's roll call vote."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "Other honors and remembrances include: In 1899, a statue of Frederick Douglass was unveiled in Rochester, New York, making Douglass the first African-American to be so memorialized in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "From slavery to freedom",
"text": "Frederick Douglass later wrote of his arrival in New York City: I have often been asked, how I felt when first I found myself on free soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the Civil War, Douglass remained an active campaigner against slavery and wrote his last autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass."
},
{
"section_header": "From slavery to freedom",
"text": "Douglass first tried to escape from Freeland, who had hired him from his owner, but was unsuccessful."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman."
}
] |
American abolitionist Frederick Douglass escaped slavery and became a great orator who wrote several autobiographies and was the first African American Vice Presidential candidate in the U.S.A.
| 0 | 0 |
Frederick Douglass
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has recently started testing robotic delivery services and building drone delivery airports, as well as operating driverless delivery by unveiling its first autonomous truck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
}
] |
mje41U7ZEcVZZCaDPkFE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "June 1998: The company was founded as Jingdong Century Trading Co., Ltd selling magneto-optical in Beijing, China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded by Liu Qiangdong on June 18, 1998, and its retail platform went online in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It started as an online magneto-optical store, but soon diversified, selling electronics, mobile phones, computers and similar items."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in electronic books",
"text": "JD.com started the e-book selling business online on February 20, 2012 and provided customers with more than 80,000 electronic books."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books",
"text": "Dangdang is an electronic business platform well known for its core business, selling books, and ranked first among all online B2C book sellers of 2010 in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has recently started testing robotic delivery services and building drone delivery airports, as well as operating driverless delivery by unveiling its first autonomous truck."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books",
"text": "Su Huiyan, a business consultant of iResearch pointed out that JD.com wanted to attract more customers by the price war."
},
{
"section_header": "Digital marketing | Jingteng Plan",
"text": "“The precise orientation, closed-loop experience, user portraits, personalized creativity, unity of product and effect, and scientific measure of effectiveness” are said to be the six major aspects of the Jingteng Plan."
},
{
"section_header": "Price war with Dangdang | Price war in physical books",
"text": "The price war between JD.com and Dangdang started on December 14; users of JD.com found out that the books were cheaper than from Dangdang."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "May 2018: Metcash partnered with JD.Com to sell groceries in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "JD.com, Inc. (Chinese: 京东; pinyin: Jīngdōng), also known as Jingdong and formerly called 360buy, is a Chinese e-commerce company headquartered in Beijing."
}
] |
JD.com, an e-commerce company that sells products online, is trying out having packages delivered by self-driving trucks.
| 0 | 0 |
JD.com
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Human Vacuum Cleaner\" or \"Mr. Hoover\", he is considered the greatest defensive third baseman in major league history."
}
] |
mkDIxS0YDBqT5ikBvkJm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brooks Calbert Robinson Jr. (born May 18, 1937) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "Robinson serves as president of the Major League Baseball Players Alumni Association, an organization that assists players and fans to interact off the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 80 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Robinson made his final batting appearance on August 5, 1977 at Anaheim Stadium, pinch hitting for Mark Belanger in the top of the eighth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983, one of only 16 players to have been honored on the first ballot (not including the five charter members chosen in the first election in 1936)."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Following his retirement as a player, Brooks began a successful career as a color commentator for the Orioles' television broadcasts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Other",
"text": "MLB legends Bob Boone, George Brett, Robin Yount, Rusty Staub, Carl Erskine and Al Kaline preside as vice presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Robinson, a slow baserunner, also hit into four triple plays during his career, a major league record."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He commented, \"I wouldn't mind seeing someone erase my record of hitting into four triple plays.\" He is the first player to start two triple plays in one season, as he did in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"The Human Vacuum Cleaner\" or \"Mr. Hoover\", he is considered the greatest defensive third baseman in major league history."
}
] |
Brooks Robinson was a baseball player that has the record for most saves in the MLB.
| 1 | 1 |
Brooks Robinson
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Traynor was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, to parents who had emigrated from Canada."
}
] |
mkHdFhDfZiO6bYGWfJ6o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He received his nickname as a child in Somerville, Massachusetts, because he frequented a grocery store and often asked for pie."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The store owner called him \"Pie Face\", which was later shortened to Pie by his friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Traynor was born in Framingham, Massachusetts, to parents who had emigrated from Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Joseph \"Pie\" Traynor (November 11, 1898 – March 16, 1972) was an American professional baseball player, manager, scout and radio broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He was asked by a Boston Braves scout to work out with the team at Braves Field, but the scout forgot to tell Braves manager George Stallings."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career",
"text": "The loss of the pennant devastated Traynor."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "Traynor retired from broadcasting in 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "Traynor was buried in Homewood Cemetery in Pittsburgh."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Stallings ran Traynor off the field, telling him not to return."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Traynor played his final game on August 14, 1937."
}
] |
Traynor was born in Canada where he was called "Pie Face" because he would frequent grocery stores and ask for pie.
| 2 | 8 |
Pie Traynor
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's Historia, including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the magician Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann, and final rest in Avalon."
}
] |
mkLoukKgP4bHLIHdK8xC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur, Cornish: Arthur Gernow, Breton: Roue Arzhur) was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Geoffrey of Monmouth",
"text": "This work is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), saw Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain)."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Some scholars have suggested it is relevant to this debate that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as Arthur or Arturus in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artōrius (though Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects)."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Geoffrey of Monmouth",
"text": "Geoffrey Ashe is one dissenter from this view, believing that Geoffrey's narrative is partially derived from a lost source telling of the deeds of a 5th-century British king named Riotamus, this figure being the original Arthur, although historians and Celticists have been reluctant to follow Ashe in his conclusions."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Pre-Galfridian traditions",
"text": "The second is that the pre-Galfridian Arthur was a figure of folklore (particularly topographic or onomastic folklore) and localised magical wonder-tales, the leader of a band of superhuman heroes who live in the wilds of the landscape."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Neither the Historia nor the Annales calls him \"rex\": the former calls him instead \"dux bellorum\" (leader of battles) and \"miles\" (soldier).The consensus among academic historians today"
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Bede ascribed to these legendary figures a historical role in the 5th-century Anglo-Saxon conquest of eastern Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Classical Latin Arcturus would also have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the \"guardian of the bear\" (which is the meaning of the name in Ancient Greek) and the \"leader\" of the other stars in Boötes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's Historia, including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the magician Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann, and final rest in Avalon."
}
] |
King Arthur was a legendary British leader that is purely non-fiction.
| 0 | 0 |
King Arthur
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The negotiation process was lengthy and complex."
}
] |
mkpZHCGv5nB6jWmTmXXZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Westphalian sovereignty",
"text": "Although scholars have challenged the association with the Peace of Westphalia, the debate is still structured around the concept of Westphalian sovereignty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Three separate treaties constituted the peace settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Results | Tenets",
"text": "The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia were: All parties would recognise the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, in which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state (the principle of cuius regio, eius religio)."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "Peace negotiations between France and the Habsburgs began in Cologne in 1641."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nevertheless, the Peace of Westphalia did settle many outstanding European issues of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "In Münster, negotiations took place between the Holy Roman Empire and France, as well as between the Dutch Republic and Spain who on 30 January 1648 signed a peace treaty, that was not part of the Peace of Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "The main peace negotiations took place in Westphalia, in the neighboring cities of Münster and Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Delegations",
"text": "The peace negotiations had no exact beginning and ending, because the 109 delegations never met in a plenary session."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The negotiation process was lengthy and complex."
}
] |
The Peace of Westphalia's debate undertaking was simple and quick.
| 0 | 0 |
Peace of Westphalia
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1984, he made his stage debut in The Nerd on London's West End with Rowan Atkinson."
}
] |
mkueEh8RADMsDwiWL5kR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to prominence: 1999–2004",
"text": "\" Of Bale's performance, he wrote, \"Christian Bale is heroic in the way he allows the character to leap joyfully into despicability; there is no instinct for self-preservation here, and that is one mark of a good actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to prominence: 1999–2004",
"text": "The post-apocalyptic action fantasy film, Reign of Fire, was Bale's first action vehicle."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to prominence: 1999–2004",
"text": "Bale's first role after American Psycho was in the John Madden adaptation of the best-selling novel Captain Corelli's Mandolin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Dark Knight trilogy: 2005–2012",
"text": "I couldn't do one push up the first day."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His first role was a commercial for the fabric softener Lenor in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in Haverfordwest, Wales, to English parents, Bale had his first starring role at age 13 in Steven Spielberg's war film Empire of the Sun (1987)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Debut and breakthrough: 1986–1998",
"text": "Bale made his film debut as Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia in the made for television film Anastasia: The Mystery of Anna in 1986, which was followed by leading roles in the miniseries Heart of the Country and the fantasy adventure Mio in the Land of Faraway, in which he appeared with Christopher Lee and Nick Pickard."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christian Charles Philip Bale (born 30 January 1974) is an English actor who is known for his intense method acting style, often transforming his body drastically for his roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Dark Knight trilogy: 2005–2012",
"text": "It also ranks as one of the most critically acclaimed superhero films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to prominence: 1999–2004",
"text": "Roger Ebert condemned the film at first, calling it pornography and \"the most loathed film at Sundance.\" Nonetheless, he gave it a favourable review, writing that director Harron had \"transformed a novel about bloodlust into a film about men's vanity."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1984, he made his stage debut in The Nerd on London's West End with Rowan Atkinson."
}
] |
Christian Bale's first role was on a television film.
| 0 | 0 |
Christian Bale
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "Like many of Fitzgerald's works, The Great Gatsby has been accused of displaying anti-Semitism through the use of Jewish stereotypes."
}
] |
mkwsV5TOHI5y01vWedQw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "Like many of Fitzgerald's works, The Great Gatsby has been accused of displaying anti-Semitism through the use of Jewish stereotypes."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "Hindus argued that the Jewish stereotypes displayed by Wolfsheim were typical of the time period in which the novel was written and set, and that its anti-Semitism was of the \"habitual, customary, 'harmless,' unpolitical variety."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "She is Nick Carraway's girlfriend for most of the novel, though they grow apart towards the end."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": ", Wolfsheim has also been seen as representing the Jewish miser stereotype."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "The town was used as the scene of The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Themes | Other interpretations",
"text": "Environmental criticism of Gatsby seeks to place the novel and its characters in historical context almost a century after its original publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "\"A 2015 article by Arthur Krystal agreed with Hindus's assessment that Fitzgerald's use of Jewish caricatures was not driven by malice and merely reflected commonly-held beliefs of his time."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Fitzgerald—like Gatsby—had always exalted the rich and was driven by his love for a woman who symbolized everything he desired, even as he was led towards a lifestyle which he loathed."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Gatsby uses Nick to stage a reunion with Daisy, and the two embark upon a sexual affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many literary critics consider The Great Gatsby to be one of the greatest novels ever written."
}
] |
The novel has been criticized for using stereotypical display towards some communities.
| 3 | 5 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, it chronicles the lives and hardships of students attending the High School of Performing Arts (known today as Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School), from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years."
}
] |
mlCRQZ7CPzUsUgQCRFoy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "On May 16, 1980, Fame premiered at the Cinerama Dome Theatre in Hollywood, California, and opened in limited release in New York, Toronto and Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise",
"text": "Fame L.A., created by Richard B. Lewis, focused on the lives of several students attending a drama and dance school in Los Angeles, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "He again collaborated with Parker on the 1987 film Angel Heart before his death from AIDS on March 26, 1993.In 2004, the American Film Institute (AFI) ranked the song \"Fame\" at #51 on its \"100 Years...100 Songs\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The musical numbers were performed practically on set, as Parker wanted to avoid dubbing during post-production."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "In response, representatives of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) and the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE) halted the production, and forbade Parker from using smoke on the set."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in New York City, it chronicles the lives and hardships of students attending the High School of Performing Arts (known today as Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School), from their auditions to their freshman, sophomore, junior and senior years."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "During filming, Seresin chose to operate the camera himself for several hours before IATSE representatives visited the set, and advised Parker that a cinematographer was forbidden to operate a camera, and that the production would be shut down permanently if he did not hire an operator from their union."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise",
"text": "In 1982, the band released two albums, The Kids from \"Fame\" and The Kids from \"Fame\" Again, which were largely successful in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Fame premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre on May 12, 1980."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's consensus reads, \"Just because Fame is a well-acted musical"
}
] |
Fame was set in Los Angeles.
| 2 | 3 |
Fame (1980 film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle took place on October 7, 1780, 9 miles (14 km) south of the present-day town of Kings Mountain, North Carolina in what is now rural Cherokee County, South Carolina, where the Patriot militia defeated the Loyalist militia commanded by British Major Patrick Ferguson of the 71st Foot."
}
] |
mlbSZYSiSrVOkfOyUKLr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Kings Mountain was a military engagement between Patriot and Loyalist militias in South Carolina during the Southern Campaign of the American Revolutionary War, resulting in a decisive victory for the Patriots."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle took place on October 7, 1780, 9 miles (14 km) south of the present-day town of Kings Mountain, North Carolina in what is now rural Cherokee County, South Carolina, where the Patriot militia defeated the Loyalist militia commanded by British Major Patrick Ferguson of the 71st Foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "Kings Mountain is one of many rocky forested hills in the upper Piedmont, near the border between North and South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the Patriots caught up with the Loyalists at Kings Mountain near the border with South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "During one of the charges, Colonel Williams was killed, and Colonel McDowell was wounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "On October 6, they reached Cowpens, South Carolina, (site of the future Battle of Cowpens), where they received word that Ferguson was east of them, heading towards Charlotte and Cornwallis."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Muster at Sycamore Shoals",
"text": "Now 1400 strong, the Patriots marched to South Mountain, North Carolina,"
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In The Winning of the West, Theodore Roosevelt wrote of Kings Mountain, \"This brilliant victory marked the turning point of the American Revolution.\" Thomas Jefferson called it, \"The turn of the tide of success.\" President Herbert Hoover at Kings Mountain said, This is a place of inspiring memories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "largest all-American fight\". Ferguson had arrived in North Carolina in early September 1780 to recruit troops for the Loyalist militia and protect the flank of Lord Cornwallis' main force."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Pursuit of Shelby",
"text": "Shelby and his Overmountain Men crossed back over the Appalachian Mountains and retreated back into the territory of the Watauga Association at Sycamore Shoals in present day Elizabethton, Tennessee, and by the next month on September 25, 1780, Colonels Shelby, John Sevier, and Charles McDowell and their 600 Overmountain Men had combined forces with Col. William Campbell and his 400 Virginia men at the Sycamore Shoals muster in advance of the October 7, 1780, Battle of Kings Mountain north of present day"
}
] |
Battle of Kings Mountain was an engagement in South Carolina during the Revolutionary War and took place on September 6, 1780.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Kings Mountain
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Between that and the outer layer, which twists as it rises, nine indoor zones provide public space for visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Each of these nine areas has its own atrium, featuring gardens, cafés, restaurants and retail space, and providing panoramic views of the city."
}
] |
mlxD8sov4PW5S6k2db9q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "These were blamed on ground subsidence, which was likely caused by excessive groundwater extraction in the Shanghai area, rather than by the weight of the Shanghai Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Planning and funding",
"text": "The first of these, the Jin Mao Tower, was completed in 1999; the adjacent Shanghai World Financial Centre (SWFC) opened in 2008.The Shanghai Tower is owned by Yeti Construction and Development, a consortium of state-owned development companies which includes Shanghai Chengtou Corp., Shanghai Lujiazui Finance & Trade Zone Development Co., and Shanghai Construction Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower is the winner of Tien-yow Jeme Civil Engineering Prize of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower joins the Jin Mao Tower and SWFC to form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The main construction contractor for the project was Shanghai Construction Group, a member of the consortium that owns the tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shanghai Tower (Chinese: 上海中心大厦; pinyin: Shànghǎi Zhōngxīn Dàshà; Shanghainese: Zånhe Tsonshin Dasa; lit.: 'Shanghai Center Building') is a 632-metre (2,073 ft), 128-story megatall skyscraper in Lujiazui, Pudong, Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower was designed by the American architectural firm Gensler, with Shanghainese architect Jun Xia leading the design team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by international design firm Gensler and owned by the Shanghai city government, it is the tallest of the world's first triple-adjacent supertall buildings in Pudong, the other two being the Jin Mao Tower and the Shanghai World Financial Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Sustainability",
"text": "This reduced the amount of construction materials needed; the Shanghai Tower used 25% less structural steel than a conventional design of a similar height."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "During the ceremony, Gensler co-founder Art Gensler stated: The Shanghai Tower represents a new way of defining and creating cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Between that and the outer layer, which twists as it rises, nine indoor zones provide public space for visitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Each of these nine areas has its own atrium, featuring gardens, cafés, restaurants and retail space, and providing panoramic views of the city."
}
] |
The Shanghai Tower grows plants inside.
| 0 | 0 |
Shanghai Tower
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born on July 24, 1969, in The Bronx borough of New York City, to Puerto Rican parents Guadalupe Rodríguez and David López."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has an older sister, Leslie, and a younger sister, Lynda, a journalist."
}
] |
mmMeA3BUgvMF5LnMtBeN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences and musical style",
"text": "Growing up, she was influenced by Latin music styles ranging from salsa to bachata, but it was the 1979 hip hop song \" Rapper's Delight\" by The Sugarhill Gang that she said changed her life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bennifer became a popular term, which was eventually entered into urban dictionaries and neologism dictionaries as notable, as the name blend started the trend of other celebrity couples being referred to by the combination of their first names."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lopez's break-up with Affleck in January 2004 was her \"first real heartbreak\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences and musical style",
"text": "Described as autobiographical, much of Lopez's music has centered around the \"ups and downs\" of love."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2002: Film success, J.Lo and This Is Me... Then",
"text": "J to tha L– J to tha L– O! The Remixes became one of the best-selling remix albums of all time, selling 1.5 million copies in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–2005: Gigli, continued film success and Rebirth",
"text": "The film's marketing played up Lopez's \"Gigli-and-tabloid tarnished image\", and it became a box office success."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A few years later, her parents had saved up enough money to be able to purchase a two-story house, which was considered a big deal for the relatively poor family."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Hustlers and Super Bowl LIV halftime show",
"text": "Her daughter, Emme Maribel Muñiz, also made an appearance at the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lopez gave birth to a son and a daughter on Long Island, on February 22, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and cultural impact",
"text": "\" Following the success of Lopez's appointment as a judge on American Idol in 2010, a trend of networks hiring \"big names\" for judging panels on reality shows ensued."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born on July 24, 1969, in The Bronx borough of New York City, to Puerto Rican parents Guadalupe Rodríguez and David López."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has an older sister, Leslie, and a younger sister, Lynda, a journalist."
}
] |
The daughters in Jennifer Lopez's family growing up were all given names that start with L.
| 0 | 0 |
Jennifer Lopez
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Future | Possible sequel",
"text": "In May 2019, producer Mark Nielsen confirmed that after Toy Story 4, Pixar will return its focus to making original films for a while instead of making sequels."
}
] |
mmXZBARdE2oSUhMk0ybW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "He felt that \"Toy Story 3 ended Woody and Buzz's story with Andy so perfectly that for a long time, [Pixar] never even talked about doing another Toy Story movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "But when Andrew, Pete, Lee and I came up with this new idea, I just could not stop thinking about it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 4 is a 2019 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "At least, for now. \" The Daily Telegraph's Robbie Collin wrote, \"Toy Story 4 reaffirms that Pixar, at their best, are like no other animation studio around."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In 2010, filmmaker Lee Unkrich said that Pixar was not planning another Toy Story film after Toy Story 3, \"It was really important to me with this film that we not just create another sequel, that it not just be another appendage coming off of the other two... there may be opportunities for Woody and Buzz in the future, but we don't have any plans for anything right now."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Just as they finish the rescue, Woody watches as Bo is donated to a new owner, and considers going with her, but ultimately decides to remain with Andy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the aftermath of the failed rescue, Bo and the other toys argue over whether to go back."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "At D23 Expo in July 2017, Lasseter announced he was stepping down and leaving Cooley as sole director, saying he could no longer commit to directing the film between his positions at Pixar, Walt Disney Animation Studios, and Disneytoon Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On her first day of first grade, Bonnie creates a second impromptu toy out of a plastic knife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film directly follows Toy Story 3, as Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and their other toy friends have found new appreciation living with Bonnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Possible sequel",
"text": "In May 2019, producer Mark Nielsen confirmed that after Toy Story 4, Pixar will return its focus to making original films for a while instead of making sequels."
}
] |
Pixar is supposedly going to stop creating additional Toy Story movies so the studio can concentrate on new content.
| 1 | 2 |
Toy Story 4
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the defensive system of the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history."
}
] |
mmfYjzTpwXZwjNRH40k8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, the defensive system of the Great Wall is generally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "Possibly one of the earliest European descriptions of the wall and of its significance for the defense of the country against the \"Tartars\" (i.e. Mongols) may be the one contained in João de Barros's 1563 Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "Its purpose, however, was not defense but rather to prevent Han Chinese migration into Manchuria."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "Other early accounts in Western sources include those of Gaspar da Cruz, Bento de Goes, Matteo Ricci, and Bishop Juan González de Mendoza,, the latter in 1585 describing it as a \"superbious and mightie work\" of architecture, though he had not seen it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "However, Ibn Battuta could find no one who had either seen it or knew of anyone who had seen it, suggesting that although there were remnants of the wall at that time, they were not significant."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "This section was one of the first to be renovated following the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "One of the most striking sections of the Ming Great Wall is where it climbs extremely steep slopes in Jinshanling."
},
{
"section_header": "Course",
"text": "The defensive lines contain multiple stretches of ramparts, trenches and ditches, as well as individual fortresses."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Foreign accounts",
"text": "Early European accounts were mostly modest and empirical, closely mirroring contemporary Chinese understanding of the Wall, although later they slid into hyperbole, including the erroneous but ubiquitous claim that the Ming Walls were the same ones that were built by the First Emperor in the 3rd century"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Wall of China (Chinese: 萬里長城; pinyin: Wànlǐ Chángchéng) is the collective name of a series of fortification systems generally built across the historical northern borders of China to protect and consolidate territories of Chinese states and empires against various nomadic groups of the steppe and their polities."
}
] |
The defensive system of the wall is globally recognized as one of the most impressive architectural feats in history.
| 1 | 2 |
Great Wall of China
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (; October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat and activist."
}
] |
mnWYyciTIqp86bDfnlSl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Places named for Roosevelt",
"text": "It was the first high school named for Eleanor Roosevelt, and is part of the Prince George's County Public Schools system."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous recognition | Places named for Roosevelt",
"text": "It is named after Eleanor Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin Roosevelt, all of whose ancestors emigrated from Zeeland, the Netherlands, to the United States in the seventeenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Published books",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt's Christmas Book."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Early life",
"text": "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born on October 11, 1884, in Manhattan, New York City, to socialites Anna Rebecca Hall and Elliott Bulloch Roosevelt."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "1996, the children's book Eleanor by Barbara Cooney, about Eleanor Roosevelt's childhood, was published."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Early life",
"text": "From an early age she preferred to be called by her middle name, Eleanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "The 1960 film of the same name starred Greer Garson as Eleanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Mother R.: Eleanor Roosevelt's Untold Story, also with Brough, was published in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Norvelt",
"text": "\" Residents were so taken by her personal expression of interest in the program that they promptly agreed to rename the community in her honor. (The new town name, Norvelt, was a combination of the last syllables in her names: EleaNOR RooseVELT.) The Norvelt firefighter's hall is also named Roosevelt Hall in honor of her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anna Eleanor Roosevelt (; October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was an American political figure, diplomat and activist."
}
] |
Eleanor Roosevelt's first name was Anna.
| 0 | 0 |
Eleanor Roosevelt
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies."
}
] |
mndcH8OXjrnZcMWk4qVh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass | Inertial mass",
"text": "We might say that the larger mass exerts a greater \"resistance\" to changing its state of motion in response to the force."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass",
"text": "Robert Hooke had published his concept of gravitational forces in 1674, stating that all celestial bodies have an attraction or gravitating power towards their own centers, and also attract all the other celestial bodies that are within the sphere of their activity."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "It is determined by applying a force to an object and measuring the acceleration that results from that force."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this force."
},
{
"section_header": "Newtonian mass",
"text": "He further stated that gravitational attraction increases by how much nearer the body wrought upon is to their own center."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions",
"text": "There are a number of ways mass can be measured or operationally defined: Inertial mass is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration when a force is applied."
},
{
"section_header": "Phenomena",
"text": "The mass of an object determines its acceleration in the presence of an applied force."
},
{
"section_header": "Definitions | Weight vs. mass",
"text": "For example, when a body is at rest in a gravitational field (rather than in free fall), it must be accelerated by a force from a scale or the surface of a planetary body such as the Earth or the Moon."
}
] |
Mass is both a property of a physical body and a measure of its resistance to acceleration (a change in its state of motion) when a net force is applied, and also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies.
| 0 | 0 |
Mass
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It portrays the courtship of the beautiful American girl Daisy Miller by Winterbourne, a sophisticated compatriot of hers."
}
] |
mnz5h3vvWukjJnT13TET
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daisy Miller is a novel by Henry James that first appeared in Cornhill Magazine in June–July 1878, and in book form the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Key themes",
"text": "The names of the characters are also symbolic."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He continues his pursuit of Daisy in spite of the disapproval of his aunt, Mrs. Costello, who spurns any family with so close a relationship to their courier as the Millers have with their Eugenio."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "They are introduced by Randolph Miller, Daisy's nine-year-old brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "Frederick Raphael wrote the script; the film follows the structure of the original story without significant changes, and even uses portions of James' dialogue from the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Annie \"Daisy\" Miller and Frederick Winterbourne first meet in Vevey, Switzerland, in a garden of the grand hotel, where Winterbourne is allegedly vacationing from his studies (an attachment to an older lady is rumoured)."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "In 1909, James revised Daisy Miller extensively for the New York Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "In the 1890s, a short walking-skirt called the rainy daisy, supposedly named for Daisy Miller, was introduced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It portrays the courtship of the beautiful American girl Daisy Miller by Winterbourne, a sophisticated compatriot of hers."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivative works",
"text": "A rap adaptation of Daisy Miller appears on Heavy Jamal's album Shining Sky Lobster."
}
] |
The plot of the novel, Daisy Miller revolves around a male character.
| 0 | 1 |
Daisy Miller
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cuba ( (listen); Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkuβa]), officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: República de Cuba ), is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos."
}
] |
moXt1DbhF3fsUAsK6mX9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "W. The United States lies 150 kilometers (93 miles) across the Straits of Florida to the north and northwest (to the closest tip of Key West, Florida), and the Bahamas 21 km (13 mi) to the north."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cuba ( (listen); Spanish pronunciation: [ˈkuβa]), officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: República de Cuba ), is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Mexico lies 210 kilometers (130 miles) across the Yucatán Channel to the west (to the closest tip of Cabo Catoche in the State of Quintana Roo)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "According to the Heritage Foundation, Cuba is dependent on credit accounts that rotate from country to country."
},
{
"section_header": "Health",
"text": "Cuba ranks 30th on the 2019 Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index, which is the only developing country to rank that high."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Cuba is the principal island, surrounded by four smaller groups of islands: the Colorados Archipelago on the northwestern coast, the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago on the north-central Atlantic coast, the Jardines de la Reina on the south-central coast and the Canarreos Archipelago on the southwestern coast."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Cuba is an archipelago of islands located in the northern Caribbean Sea at the confluence with the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2005, Cuba had exports of US$2.4 billion, ranking 114 of 226 world countries, and imports of US$6.9 billion, ranking 87 of 226 countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Cuba has conducted a foreign policy that is uncharacteristic of such a minor, developing country."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "However, many boxers defect to the U.S. and other countries."
}
] |
The country of Cuba is an island and archipelago with the Bahamas being the closest country to it at only 13 miles away.
| 0 | 0 |
Cuba
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos."
}
] |
mpic2Z72CFmfE2eN11qK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, Persai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Οn the occasion of the 2500th anniversary of the Battle of Salamis, in July 25th, 2020, \"Persians\" was the first Ancient Greek Tragedy that was played at its natural environment, i.e. the open-air theatre of Epidaurus, and was live streamed internationally via YouTube."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the second and only surviving part of a now otherwise lost trilogy that won the first prize at the dramatic competitions in Athens' City Dionysia festival in 472 BC, with Pericles serving as choregos."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Actors delivered the play in Ancient and Modern Greek, while English subtitles were projected on YouTube."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Given Aeschylus' propensity for writing connected trilogies, the theme of divine retribution may connect the three."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "Aeschylus was not the first to write a play about the Persians — his older contemporary Phrynichus wrote two plays about them."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "A 2010 translation by Aaron Poochigian included for the first time the detailed notes for choral odes that Aeschylus himself created, which directed lines to be spoken by specific parts of the chorus (strophe and antistrophe)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians takes place in Susa, which at the time was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire, and opens with a chorus of old men of Susa, who are soon joined by the Queen Mother, Atossa, as they await news of her son King Xerxes' expedition against the Greeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The sympathetic school has the considerable weight of Aristotelian criticism behind it; indeed, every other extant Greek tragedy arguably invites an audience's sympathy for one or more characters on stage."
}
] |
The Ancient Greek tragedy, The Persians, is the first part of the trilogy by Aeschylus where Jason and the Argonauts rescue a king from harpies.
| 1 | 1 |
The Persians
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "Another of Boccaccio's frequent techniques was to make already existing tales more complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "Boccaccio borrowed the plots of almost all his stories (just as later writers borrowed from him)."
}
] |
mpmGfvFtwcT2o12McXu9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Boccaccio's drawings",
"text": "Two in particular have elaborate drawings, probably done by Boccaccio himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Boccaccio's drawings",
"text": "The Italian philologist Vittore Branca did a comprehensive survey of them and identified a few copied under Boccaccio's supervision; some have notes written in Boccaccio's hand."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Wrongly considered to be adaptations",
"text": "However, both Shakespeare and Boccaccio probably came upon the tale in Gesta Romanorum."
},
{
"section_header": "Boccaccio's drawings",
"text": "In 1962 Branca identified Codex Hamilton 90, in Berlin's Staatsbibliothek, as an autograph belonging to Boccaccio's latter years."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "Christine de Pizan refers to several of the stories from The Decameron in her work"
},
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "Da Vinci's Demons portrays a theatrical adaptation of stories from The Decameron."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "In the 1994 movie My Summer Story, Ralphie does a book report on The Decameron and gets in trouble with his teacher for doing so."
},
{
"section_header": "Boccaccio's drawings",
"text": "Since The Decameron was very popular among contemporaries, especially merchants, many manuscripts of it survive."
},
{
"section_header": "References to the Decameron",
"text": "Inspectors find a pocket edition of The Decameron on the body of a dead man in the Sherlock Holmes story A Study in Scarlet."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The book's primary title exemplifies Boccaccio's fondness for Greek philology: Decameron combines Greek δέκα, déka (\"ten\") and ἡμέρα, hēméra (\"day\") to mean \"ten-day [event]\", referring to the period in which the characters of the frame story tell their tales."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "Another of Boccaccio's frequent techniques was to make already existing tales more complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sources",
"text": "Boccaccio borrowed the plots of almost all his stories (just as later writers borrowed from him)."
}
] |
Boccaccio's Decameron is a conglomeration of stories and myths that he elaborated upon in convoluted ways.
| 0 | 4 |
Decameron
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it."
}
] |
mqPuZJAvJKyaRcBV44Gg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man the title refers to is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the process, he arms himself with an iron pipe; when a man follows the \"floating pipe\" and accidentally forces the Invisible Man into thorn bushes, the Invisible Man commits his first murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Kemp, a cool-headed character, tries to organise a plan to use himself as bait to trap the Invisible Man, but a note that he sends is stolen from his servant by Griffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man's battered body gradually becomes visible as he dies, pitiable in the stillness of death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the epilogue, it is revealed that Marvel has secretly kept Griffin's notes and—with the help of the stolen money—has now become a successful business owner, running the \"Invisible Man Inn\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He explains how he invented chemicals capable of rendering bodies invisible, which he first tried on a cat, then himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has a wealth of progeny."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The cultural pervasiveness of the invisible man has led to everything from his cameo in an episode of Tom and Jerry to the Queen song The Invisible Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has been adapted to, and referred to, in film, television, and comics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it."
}
] |
The protagonist of The Invisible Man can't change himself back after becoming invisible.
| 0 | 0 |
The Invisible Man
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dieterich Buxtehude (German: [ˈdiːtəʁɪç bʊkstəˈhuːdə]; Danish: Diderich, pronounced [ˈtiðˀəʁek bukstəˈhuːðə]; c. 1637/39 – 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period."
}
] |
ms7CLn2890GSCStuCaAo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He composed in a wide variety of vocal and instrumental idioms, and his style strongly influenced many composers, including Johann Sebastian Bach, his student."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Ostinato works",
"text": "They are among Buxtehude's best-known works and have influenced numerous composers after him, most notably Bach (whose organ passacaglia is modeled after Buxtehude's) and Johannes Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "His parents were Johannes (Hans Jensen) Buxtehude and Helle Jespersdatter."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | General introduction",
"text": "The librettos for his oratorios, for example, survive; but none of the scores do, which is particularly unfortunate, because his German oratorios seem to be the model for later works by Johann Sebastian Bach and Georg Philipp Telemann."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years in Denmark",
"text": "His father — Johannes Buxtehude — was the organist at St. Olaf's church in Helsingør."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lübeck: Marienkirche",
"text": "Dieterich's brother Peter, a barber, joined them in 1677.His post in the free Imperial city of Lübeck afforded him considerable latitude in his musical career, and his autonomy was a model for the careers of later Baroque masters such as George Frideric Handel, Johann Mattheson, Georg Philipp Telemann and Johann Sebastian Bach."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Keyboard works | Other keyboard works",
"text": "It may be that the more developed harpsichord writing by Buxtehude simply did not survive: in his writings, Johann Mattheson mentioned a cycle of seven suites by Buxtehude, depicting the nature of planets, but these pieces are lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings | Available media",
"text": "recorded 1957, remastered 1999 – Marienkirche, Lübeck) Hans Davidsson (complete organ works – Volume 1: Dieterich Buxtehude and the Mean-Tone Organ, Volume 2: The Bach Perspective, and Volume 3: Dieterich Buxtehude and the Schnitger Organ) Christopher Herrick (to be recorded from 2007) Helga Schauerte-Maubouet : (Complete Organ Works), Syrius (SYR 141.347/348/359/366/371), 2000–2002,"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lübeck: Marienkirche",
"text": "Johannes died a year later, and Dieterich composed his funeral music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lübeck: Marienkirche",
"text": "In 1705, J.S. Bach, then a young man of twenty, walked from Arnstadt to Lübeck, a distance of more than 400 kilometres (250 mi), and stayed nearly three months to hear the Abendmusik, meet the pre-eminent Lübeck organist, hear him play, and, as Bach explained, \"to comprehend one thing and another about his art\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dieterich Buxtehude (German: [ˈdiːtəʁɪç bʊkstəˈhuːdə]; Danish: Diderich, pronounced [ˈtiðˀəʁek bukstəˈhuːðə]; c. 1637/39 – 9 May 1707) was a Danish-German organist and composer of the Baroque period."
}
] |
Dietrich Buxtehude was a Danish-German scientist who taught Johann Bach.
| 0 | 0 |
Dietrich Buxtehude
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17."
}
] |
mtFJoAp0tB4NZY7AcWC8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Politics",
"text": "In August 2014, Hawking was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "Despite suggestions that he might leave the United Kingdom as a protest against public funding cuts to basic scientific research, Hawking worked as director of research at the Cambridge University Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Religion and atheism",
"text": "No one created the universe and no one directs our fate."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Politics",
"text": "Hawking believed a United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) would damage the UK's contribution to science as modern research needs international collaboration, and that free movement of people in Europe encourages the spread of ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Religion and atheism",
"text": "We have this one life to appreciate the grand design of the universe, and for that, I am extremely grateful."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Proceeds from the auction sale of the wheelchair went to two charities, the Motor Neurone Disease Association and the Stephen Hawking Foundation; proceeds from Hawking's other items went to his estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "They travelled to the United States several times for conferences and physics-related visits."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "Along with Thomas Hertog at CERN and Jim Hartle, from 2006 on Hawking developed a theory of \"top-down cosmology\", which says that the universe had not one unique initial state but many different ones, and therefore that it is inappropriate to formulate a theory that predicts the universe's current configuration from one particular initial state."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Graduate years",
"text": "There were other positive developments: Hawking received a research fellowship at Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge; he obtained his PhD degree in applied mathematics and theoretical physics, specialising in general relativity and cosmology, in March 1966; and his essay \"Singularities and the Geometry of Space-Time\" shared top honours with one by Penrose to win that year's prestigious Adams Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2018",
"text": "One doctoral student did not successfully complete the PhD. As required by Cambridge University regulations, Hawking retired as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Undergraduate years",
"text": "Hawking began his university education at University College, Oxford, in October 1959 at the age of 17."
}
] |
Stephen Hawking went to one of the prestigious universities in the United Kingdom.
| 2 | 4 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Windsor Castle occupies 13 acres (5.3 ha), and combines the features of a fortification, a palace, and a small town."
}
] |
mtbnlmwZxM7ZPiXYefWA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Park and landscape",
"text": "Eton College is located about half a mile from the castle, across the River Thames, reflecting the fact that it was a royal foundation of Henry VI."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "Between 1350 and 1377 Edward spent £51,000 on renovating Windsor Castle; this was the largest amount spent by any English medieval monarch on a single building operation, and over one and a half times Edward's typical annual income of £30,000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "Over the winter of 1642–3, Windsor Castle was converted into the headquarters for the Earl of Essex, a senior Parliamentary general."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 15th century",
"text": "Windsor Castle continued to be favoured by monarchs in the 15th century, despite England beginning to slip into increasing political violence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "At Windsor, Charles created \"the most extravagantly Baroque interiors ever executed in England\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 17th century",
"text": "Shortly after returning to England, Charles appointed Prince Rupert, one of his few surviving close relatives, to be the Constable of Windsor Castle in 1668."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Park and landscape",
"text": "The Long Walk, a double lined avenue of trees, runs for 2.65 miles (4.26 km) south of the castle, and is 240 ft (75 m) wide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 14th century",
"text": "The castle was \"the most expensive secular building project of the entire Middle Ages in England\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original castle was built in the 11th century after the Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 16th century",
"text": "A bridge was built over the ditch to the south of the castle to enable easier access to the park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Windsor Castle is a royal residence at Windsor in the English county of Berkshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Windsor Castle occupies 13 acres (5.3 ha), and combines the features of a fortification, a palace, and a small town."
}
] |
Windsor Castle spans over half a mile in England.
| 3 | 6 |
Windsor Castle
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as a software as a service (SaaS) company."
}
] |
muDMDb3osLjqzrIgRm2h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Operations | IT infrastructure",
"text": "In 2012, Salesforce announced plans to build a data center in the UK to handle European citizens' personal data."
},
{
"section_header": "Salesforce Venture Capital",
"text": "Since then various funds have been created to focus on specific areas — in September 2014 SFV set up Salesforce1 Fund, aimed at start-ups creating applications primarily for mobile phones."
},
{
"section_header": "Salesforce Venture Capital",
"text": "Its five largest investments Domo (data-visualization software), SurveyMonkey (online survey software), Twilio (cloud-communication), Dropbox (cloud storage), and DocuSign (secure e-signature company) account for nearly half of its portfolio."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Subject to a phishing attack",
"text": "While the crowd-sourced method of building business contacts has proven popular with recruiters, marketers, and sales professionals, it has also raised questions of privacy as most of the site's database is entered without permission from the person being listed."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Lightning Platform",
"text": "Lightning Platform (also known as Force.com) is a platform as a service (PaaS) that allows developers to create add-on applications that integrate into the main Salesforce.com application."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Work.com",
"text": "Work.com, then known as \"Rypple\", was founded by Daniel Debow and David Stein, who wanted to create a simple way of asking for feedback anonymously at work."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | myTrailhead",
"text": "The platform extends functionality which Salesforce built to provide users with training content specific to their usage of Salesforce and enables users to create and publish their own training content and programs."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Community Cloud",
"text": "Community Cloud provides Salesforce customers the ability to create online web properties for external collaboration, customer service, channel sales, and other custom portals in their instance of Salesforce."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Work.com",
"text": "Rypple also partnered with Facebook to create \"Loops\", short for \"feedback loops\", which gathers feedback from co-workers, \"thank you's\", progress against goals, and coaching from supervisors into one channel for a \"rich, robust, continuous performance"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez as a software as a service (SaaS) company."
}
] |
Salesforce.com was created by five persons.
| 0 | 0 |
Salesforce.com
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam (the male personification of the United States Federal Government), Columbia (the female personification of American values), or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork."
}
] |
mup8F3q6L5Khmcgd4NdM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Style and themes",
"text": "The authoritarian papacy in Rome, ignorant Irish Americans, and corrupt politicians at Tammany Hall figured prominently in his work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Nast (; German: [nast]; September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a German-born American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist often considered to be the \"Father of the American Cartoon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Contrary to popular belief, Nast did not create Uncle Sam (the male personification of the United States Federal Government), Columbia (the female personification of American values), or the Democratic donkey, though he did popularize these symbols through his artwork."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Prize for editorial cartooning has been awarded by the Thomas Nast Foundation (located in Nast's birthplace of Landau, Germany) since 1978 when it was first given to Jeff MacNelly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nast's depictions of iconic characters, such as Santa Claus and Uncle Sam, are widely credited as forming the basis of popular depictions used today."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Style and themes",
"text": "His savage 1871 cartoon \"The American River Ganges\", depicts Catholic bishops, guided by Rome, as crocodiles moving in to attack American school children as Irish politicians prevent their escape."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The prize is awarded periodically to one German cartoonist and one North American cartoonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Prize",
"text": "The American advisory committee includes Nast's descendant Thomas Nast III of Fort Worth, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Style and themes",
"text": "In general, his political cartoons supported American Indians and Chinese Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Nast Award",
"text": "The Thomas Nast Award has been presented each year since 1968 by the Overseas Press Club to an editorial cartoonist for the \"best cartoons on international affairs.\" Past winners include Signe Wilkinson, Kevin (KAL) Kallaugher, Mike Peters, Clay Bennett, Mike Luckovich, Tom Toles, Herbert Block, Tony Auth, Jeff MacNelly, Dick Locher, Jim Morin, Warren King, Tom Darcy, Don Wright and Patrick Chappatte."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among his notable works were the creation of the modern version of Santa Claus (based on the traditional German figures of Sankt Nikolaus and Weihnachtsmann) and the political symbol of the elephant for the Republican Party (GOP)."
}
] |
Thomas Nast is a prominent German who created the iconic editorial cartoon figures of Saint Nick, the papacy in Rome, Irish Americans, and the Uncle Sam cartoon.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Nast
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There were live concert tours by the show's cast after the first and second seasons completed shooting; a concert film based on the 2011 tour, Glee: The 3D Concert Movie, was produced by Murphy and Fox and directed by Kevin Tancharoen."
}
] |
mv2fiEiqIC58jhJjGmtO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "Glee: The Concert Movie, a concert film based on the four-week North American segment of the 2011 Glee Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There were live concert tours by the show's cast after the first and second seasons completed shooting; a concert film based on the 2011 tour, Glee: The 3D Concert Movie, was produced by Murphy and Fox and directed by Kevin Tancharoen."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Promotion",
"text": "While the cast concert tour, Glee Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Promotion",
"text": "\"The show's success sent the cast on a concert tour, Glee Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "The cast is contracted for a potential three Glee films, with their contract stating that \"[The actor] hereby grants Fox three exclusive, irrevocable options to engage [the actor] in up to, respectively, three feature-length motion pictures.\" Murphy said in December 2010 that he wasn't interested in doing a Glee movie \"as a story\", and added, \"I might do it as a live concert thing.\" Glee: The 3D Concert Movie, filmed during the 2011 Glee Live!"
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "In Concert! tour, was released on August 12, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "In Concert! tour and featuring the cast of the series in performance and backstage, was released in the United States and the United Kingdom on August 12, 2011, for a two-week limited engagement."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Fandom",
"text": "On IMDb, Glee is the seventh highest ranking TV series of the period 2002–2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Related media",
"text": "The series featured live shows in which established and"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Fandom",
"text": "Glee is one of the most tweeted-about TV shows."
}
] |
The American TV series Glee had live concert tours and a movie.
| 0 | 0 |
Glee (TV series)
|
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