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History
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[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American politician and jurist who served as Governor of California from 1943 to 1953 and Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969."
}
] |
lBbNZWdqAloTVfQ6vzUd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "\"Five years into retirement, Warren died due to cardiac arrest at Georgetown University Hospital in Washington, D.C., at 8:10 p.m. on July 9, 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "1991: Golden-Globe-nominated, Emmy-winning Separate but Equal (1991) 1989"
},
{
"section_header": "Attorney General of California",
"text": "Once elected, he organized state law enforcement officials into regions and led a statewide anti-crime effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Warren continued to hold Nixon in low regard, privately stating that Nixon was \"perhaps the most despicable president that this country has ever had."
},
{
"section_header": "Attorney General of California",
"text": "Warren, who was a member of the outspoken anti-Asian society Native Sons of the Golden West, successfully sought legislation expanding the land confiscations."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Both justices assured him that the court had voted unanimously in United States v. Nixon for the release of the tapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A series of rulings made by the Warren Court in the 1950s led directly to the decline of McCarthyism."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "After he lay in repose in the Great Hall of the United States Supreme Court Building, his funeral was held at Washington National Cathedral, and he was interred at Arlington National Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren also led the Warren Commission, a presidential commission that investigated the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of California | Election",
"text": "Warren's victory immediately made him a figure with national stature, and he enjoyed good relations with both the conservative wing of the Republican Party, led by Robert A. Taft, and the moderate wing of the Republican Party, led by Thomas E. Dewey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was an American politician and jurist who served as Governor of California from 1943 to 1953 and Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969."
}
] |
Warren led the Golden State for 10 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Earl Warren
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mercury was born Farrokh Bulsara in Stone Town in the British protectorate of Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania) on 5 September 1946."
}
] |
lCUzBeNgSjxvQWeYJ9Xy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mercury was born Farrokh Bulsara in Stone Town in the British protectorate of Zanzibar (now part of Tanzania) on 5 September 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter, record producer, and lead vocalist of the rock band Queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in 1946 in Zanzibar to Parsi-Indian parents, he attended English-style boarding schools in India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after secondary school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mercury was born with four supernumerary incisors, to which he attributed his enhanced vocal range."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "The tabloid newspaper The Sun referred to Mercury as a \"bisexual rock star\" in 1986, who had \"confessed to a string of one-night gay sex affairs\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Personality",
"text": "According to his longtime assistant Peter Freestone, \"if Freddie had his way, he would have been born aged 18 in Feltham.\" Harris states, \"One of the things about Freddie was that he was very civilised and quite ‘English’."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "His birthday was in September, so why not Sept?"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Continued popularity",
"text": "Their Rock Hall of Fame citation reads, “in the golden era of glam rock and gorgeously hyper-produced theatrical extravaganzas that defined one branch of '70s rock, no group came close in either concept or execution to Queen.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "Gigi's birthday was September 23rd."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range."
}
] |
Feddie Mercury was born in Rock Town on September 6, 1946.
| 4 | 7 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the most widely supported teams in the world, in 2019, Liverpool was the world's seventh highest-earning football club, with an annual revenue of €604 million, and the world's eighth most valuable football club, valued at $2.183 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Left with an empty ground, Houlding founded Liverpool in 1892 and the club has played at Anfield ever since."
}
] |
lCiaQZKO3ZQZw390moEz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "As the owner of Anfield and founder of Liverpool, John Houlding was the club's first chairman, a position he held from its founding in 1892 until 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Left with an empty ground, Houlding founded Liverpool in 1892 and the club has played at Anfield ever since."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After eight years at the stadium, Everton relocated to Goodison Park in 1892 and Houlding founded Liverpool F.C. to play at Anfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the most widely supported teams in the world, in 2019, Liverpool was the world's seventh highest-earning football club, with an annual revenue of €604 million, and the world's eighth most valuable football club, valued at $2.183 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Liverpool F.C. was founded following a dispute between the Everton committee and John Houlding, club president and owner of the land at Anfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "Situated 2 miles (3 km) from Liverpool city centre, it was originally used by Everton before the club moved to Goodison Park after a dispute over rent with Anfield owner John Houlding."
},
{
"section_header": "Ownership and finances",
"text": "In April 2010 business magazine Forbes ranked Liverpool as the sixth most valuable football team in the world, behind Manchester United, Real Madrid, Arsenal, Barcelona and Bayern Munich; they valued the club at $822m (£532m), excluding debt."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries",
"text": "Despite the 39 league titles and nine European Cups between them"
},
{
"section_header": "Players | First-team squad",
"text": "Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "In October 2012, BBC Sport reported that Fenway Sports Group, the new owners of Liverpool FC, had decided to redevelop their current home at Anfield stadium, rather than building a new stadium in Stanley Park."
}
] |
Liverpool F.C. is one of the nine most valuable teams in soccer and was created in 1892 by John Houlding.
| 3 | 5 |
Liverpool F.C.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; French: Croisade des albigeois, Occitan: Crosada dels albigeses) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France."
}
] |
lCuHmFzlAJSRSPoPyVHT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The preachers managed to bring some people back into the Catholic faith, but for the most part, were renounced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; French: Croisade des albigeois, Occitan: Crosada dels albigeses) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France."
},
{
"section_header": "Inquisition",
"text": "However, after visiting southern France in 1303, he became alarmed by the anti-monarchical sentiments of the people in the region, especially in Carcassonne, and decided to remove the restrictions placed on the Inquisition."
},
{
"section_header": "Inquisition",
"text": "Operating in the south at Toulouse, Albi, Carcassonne and other towns during the whole of the 13th century, and a great part of the 14th, it succeeded in crushing Catharism as a popular movement and driving its remaining adherents underground."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Revolts and reverses 1216 to 1225",
"text": "His army marched south beginning in May, passing through Poitou."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Initial success 1209 to 1215 | Fall of Carcassonne",
"text": "The people were not killed but were forced to leave the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Genocide",
"text": "Mark Gregory Pegg writes that \"The Albigensian Crusade ushered genocide into the West by linking divine salvation to mass murder, by making slaughter as loving an act as His sacrifice on the cross.\" Robert E. Lerner argues that Pegg's classification of the Albigensian Crusade as a genocide is inappropriate, on the grounds that it \"was proclaimed against unbelievers ... not against a 'genus' or people; those who joined the crusade had no intention of annihilating the population of southern France ... If Pegg wishes to connect the Albigensian Crusade to modern ethnic slaughter, well—words fail me (as they do him).\" Laurence Marvin is not as dismissive as Lerner regarding Pegg's contention that the Albigensian Crusade was a genocide; he does, however, take issue with Pegg's argument that the Albigensian Crusade formed an important historical precedent for later genocides including the Holocaust."
},
{
"section_header": "Inquisition",
"text": "In some cases, they took part in prosecuting Cathars."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Initial success 1209 to 1215",
"text": "By mid-1209, around 10,000 Crusaders had gathered in Lyon before marching south."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "They claimed that their teaching was rooted in Scripture and part of Apostolic tradition."
}
] |
The Albigensian Crusade' goal was to eliminate Jewish people in the South part of France.
| 0 | 0 |
Albigensian Crusade
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Laurie McLaurin, was a former model from Jackson, Mississippi,"
}
] |
lDApnEdZvT5mBRg8Xwoa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "In the presence of U.N. Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, Assistant Secretary General Thomas Gass paid tribute to Williams by standing on the pulpit of the ECOSOC Chamber and quoting Keating's lines from the 1989 film Dead Poets Society: \"Dare to look at things in a different way!\" Several fans similarly paid tribute to Williams on social media with photo and video reenactments of Dead Poets Society's \"O Captain!"
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "That same year, a mural of Robin Williams was created on Market Street, in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robin McLaurin Williams was born at St. Luke's Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, on July 21, 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "The first film role credited to Robin Williams is a small part in the 1977 low-budget comedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin McLaurin Williams (July 21, 1951 – August 11, 2014) was an American actor and comedian."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Stage work",
"text": "He headlined his own one-man show, Robin Williams: Live on Broadway, which played at the Broadway theatre in July 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "Directed by Marina Zenovich, the film, Robin Williams: Come Inside My Mind, was also screened at the Sundance Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "The Obama family offers our condolences to Robin's family, his friends, and everyone who found their voice and their verse thanks to Robin Williams."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "At the United Nations Headquarters on August 12, 2014, Robin Williams was celebrated during the opening of the International Youth Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Tributes",
"text": "A tunnel, painted with a rainbow, on Highway 101 north of the Golden Gate Bridge was officially named the \"Robin Williams Tunnel\" on February 29, 2016.In 2017, Sharon Meadow in San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, the home of the annual Comedy Day, was renamed Robin Williams Meadow."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Laurie McLaurin, was a former model from Jackson, Mississippi,"
}
] |
Robin William's mom was a secretary.
| 0 | 0 |
Robin Williams
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) was a 10-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands."
}
] |
lDI20V2h27kXg74mZHAZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Land battles | Bluff Cove and Fitzroy",
"text": "Plans were drawn up for half the Welsh Guards to march light on the night of 2 June, whilst the Scots Guards and the second half of the Welsh Guards were to be ferried from San Carlos Water in the Landing Ship Logistics (LSL) Sir Tristram and the landing platform dock ("
},
{
"section_header": "British task force | Sinking of ARA General Belgrano",
"text": "The losses from General Belgrano totalled nearly half of the Argentine deaths in the Falklands conflict, and the loss of the ship hardened the stance of the Argentine government."
},
{
"section_header": "Land battles | Bluff Cove and Fitzroy",
"text": "The attempted overland march by half"
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The success of the Falklands campaign was widely regarded as a factor in the turnaround in fortunes for the Conservative government, who had been trailing behind the SDP-Liberal Alliance in the opinion polls for months before the conflict began, but after the success in the Falklands the Conservatives returned to the top of the opinion polls by a wide margin and went on to win the following year's general election by a landslide."
},
{
"section_header": "Press and publicity | United Kingdom",
"text": "TV producers suspected that the enquiry was half-hearted; since the Vietnam War television pictures of casualties and traumatised soldiers were recognised as having negative propaganda value."
},
{
"section_header": "Argentine invasion",
"text": "On 2 April 1982 Argentine forces mounted amphibious landings, known as Operation Rosario, on the Falkland Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In Argentina, defeat in the Falklands War meant that a possible war with Chile was avoided."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The conflict began on 2 April, when Argentina invaded and occupied the Falkland Islands, followed by the invasion of South Georgia the next day."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "A total of 255 British servicemen and 3 female Falkland Island civilians were killed during the Falklands War."
},
{
"section_header": "Press and publicity | Argentina",
"text": "Opponents of the military dictatorship, like me, are fighting to extirpate the last trace of colonialism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Falklands War (Spanish: Guerra de las Malvinas) was a 10-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands."
}
] |
The Falklands War lasted for 2 and half months.
| 0 | 0 |
Falklands War
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Negro throughout) physician and medical professor, whom she had met just 10 days prior."
}
] |
lDjk4oilaXq6vxdl3HS1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner is a 1967 American drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, and written by William Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was a box-office hit in 1968 throughout the United States, including in Southern states where it was traditionally assumed that few white filmgoers would want to see any film with black leads."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Negro throughout) physician and medical professor, whom she had met just 10 days prior."
},
{
"section_header": "Variant versions",
"text": "The original version of the film that played in theaters in 1968 contained a moment in which Tillie responds to the question \"Guess who's coming to dinner now?\" with the sarcastic one-liner: \"The Reverend Martin Luther King?\" After King's assassination on April 4, 1968, this line was removed from the film, so by August 1968, almost all theaters' showings of this film had this line omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Due to this invitation, what was intended to be a sit-down steak dinner for two turns into a meet-the-in-laws dinner party for seven with Monsignor Ryan joining in."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She has also invited John's parents to fly up from Los Angeles for dinner, so they can all become acquainted."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One of Christina's art gallery employees, Hilary, who had briefly met John and Joanna earlier in the day, stops by the Draytons' home to express her disapproval over the relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "I will play the scene against two empty chairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film ends with the two families – now united as one – and Monsignor Ryan finally sitting down to dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "It was also criticized by some for these reasons at the time, with controversial African-American actor Stepin Fetchit saying that the film \"did more to stop intermarriage than to help it."
}
] |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner is a play about an African American man that comes to dinner with his wife to see her parents that never met him because they met only two days before.
| 0 | 0 |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book follows four dissimilar people brought together at an Italian villa during the Italian Campaign of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story occurs during the North African Campaign and centres on the incremental revelations of the patient's actions prior to his injuries, and the emotional effects of these revelations on the other characters."
}
] |
lELUH46h22YEYRMkKBwG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Almásy",
"text": "Although Hungarian by birth, because he has lived without government identification or many verifiable long-term interactions, his accent prompts the authorities around him to perceive an English affiliation and to refer to him as the English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Hana",
"text": "She then puts all of her energy into caring for the English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Ondaatje, Michael (1993). The English Patient."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English Patient is a 1992 novel by Michael Ondaatje."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "Kip and the English patient immediately become friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Almásy",
"text": "She provides comfort to the English Patient that she could not provide to her own father."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "In contrast to Hana, the English patient was handicapped and on his death bed."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "He also finds there is a serene sense of acceptance in the villa and that the people need him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Kip",
"text": "Kip sees the interactions of the Westerners at the villa as those of a group that disregards nationality."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The English Patient is a progressive novel that aims to bring a sense of the meaning of freedom to its readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book follows four dissimilar people brought together at an Italian villa during the Italian Campaign of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story occurs during the North African Campaign and centres on the incremental revelations of the patient's actions prior to his injuries, and the emotional effects of these revelations on the other characters."
}
] |
The English Patient is about 4 people and how they interact.
| 0 | 0 |
The English Patient
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dennis Joseph \"Dan\" Brouthers (; May 8, 1858 – August 2, 1932) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball whose career spanned the period from 1879 to 1896, with a brief return in 1904."
}
] |
lF78nhpGPfZMlqeYcy0e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Big Dan\" for his size, he was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and weighed 207 pounds (94 kg), which was large by 19th-century standards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dennis Joseph \"Dan\" Brouthers (; May 8, 1858 – August 2, 1932) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball whose career spanned the period from 1879 to 1896, with a brief return in 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In 1999, a survey of the Society for American Baseball Research ranked him as the sixth-greatest player of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Buffalo",
"text": "Brouthers, along with teammates Jack Rowe, Hardy Richardson and Deacon White, became known as the \"Big Four\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Troy",
"text": "Brouthers made his Major League debut on June 23, 1879, for the Troy Trojans, and contributed a single in a come-from-behind victory against the Syracuse Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Troy",
"text": "Although he was a first baseman, he was called upon to pitch that season with the Trojans in three games, one of which was on August 21 against Tommy Bond and the Boston Red Caps."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "It was his last season in the majors until he appeared for the 1904 New York Giants, where he was hitless in a two-game stint before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "After the American Association folded following the 1891 season, Brouthers was sent to the Brooklyn Grooms of the NL, where he played two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "Following the season, Louisville sold him to the Philadelphia Phillies for $500, where he played in 57 games in 1896, batting .344."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brouthers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee."
}
] |
Dan Brouthers, also known as "Big Dan" for his size, he was 6'2 (1.88 m) and weighed 207lbs (94 kg), which was large by 19th-century standards, was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball from 1879 to 1896, with a brief return in 1904.
| 0 | 0 |
Dan Brouthers
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "The film is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom."
}
] |
lFL58gHkUarjHmUOOXXe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel sequel",
"text": "It is based on the original novel's sequel, Gump and Co. written by Winston Groom in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "He felt that Forrest wouldn't buy anything but American."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "In one Vietnam War scene, Gump carries Bubba away from an incoming napalm attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After their boat becomes the only one to survive Hurricane Carmen, they pull in huge amounts of shrimp and create the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, after which Lieutenant Dan finally thanks Forrest for saving his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "The film is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office performance",
"text": "One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates.\" Produced on a budget of $55 million, Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release, earning $24,450,602."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "At one point, while hoisting himself into his wheelchair, his legs are used for support."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Script",
"text": "Both center on the character of Forrest Gump."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As Forrest is finally reunited with Jenny, she introduces him to their son, named Forrest Gump,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Forrest Gump is officially discharged from the army after the war ends."
}
] |
Forrest Gump is an original tale and not based on anything.
| 0 | 0 |
Forrest Gump
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and tells the story of Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underemployed and depressed high school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer."
}
] |
lFX2Df5dm4i97PfK46Ko
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "It was shot primarily on 35 mm film, with digital cameras employed as needed for additional angles, point of view shots and time-lapse photography."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Technical aspects",
"text": "Breaking Bad was shot on 35 mm movie film because of the robustness of the equipment and to keep a focus on shooting scenes economically."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "The initial versions of the script were set in Riverside, California, but at the suggestion of Sony, Albuquerque was chosen for the production's location due to the favorable financial conditions offered by the state of New Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development history",
"text": "Once Gilligan recognized that this would mean \"we'd always have to be avoiding the Sandia Mountains\" in shots directed toward the east, the story setting was changed to the actual production location."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and symbols | Pink teddy bear",
"text": "The flashforwards are shot in black and white, with the sole exception of the pink teddy bear, which is an homage to the film Schindler's List, in which the color red is used to distinguish a little girl in a coat."
},
{
"section_header": "Retrospective conversations | Rian Johnson's experience on the show",
"text": "The two of them talked about every dramatic beat in a script, the distinct visual look of the show and how the tonal shift of each scene had to feel natural while serving the main storyline of the particular episode."
},
{
"section_header": "Real-life influence | Others",
"text": "Several attempts to create a real restaurant concept after Los Pollos Hermanos have occurred, most notably in 2019, Family Style, Inc., a chain of restaurants in California, Nevada, and Illinois, which secured rights from Sony and with Gilligan's blessing to sell chicken dinners through Uber Eats under the name and branding \"Los Pollos Hermanos\" in a three-year deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Critical reception",
"text": "The Boston Globe referred to the show as a \"taut exercise in withheld disaster\" and declared the show \"riveting\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Scientific accuracy",
"text": "Despite several modifications to what was seen in the show, both the scenes depicted in the show were shown to be physically impossible."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Viewership",
"text": "Breaking Bad is considered the first such show to have a renewed burst of interest due to the show being made available on Netflix."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and tells the story of Walter White (Bryan Cranston), an underemployed and depressed high school chemistry teacher who is struggling with a recent diagnosis of stage-three lung cancer."
}
] |
The show was only shot in California.
| 2 | 4 |
Breaking Bad
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "Their objective in Paris was to obtain French support for Florence's war with Naples."
}
] |
lFmtDEckCB4REK54kocJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "In a preface to the Letter, Ringmann wrote \"I see no reason why anyone could properly disapprove of a name derived from that of Amerigo, the discoverer, a man of sagacious genius."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amerigo Vespucci (, Italian: [ameˈriːɡo veˈsputtʃi]; 9 March 1454 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence (modern Italy), from whose name the terms America and Americas are derived."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "It was written in Italian and published in Florence around 1505."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Voyages",
"text": "Historians have differed sharply on the authorship, the accuracy and veracity of these documents."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "Within a year of publication, twelve editions were printed including translations into Italian, French, German, Dutch and other languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Seville",
"text": "In his new role, Vespucci was responsible for ensuring that ships' pilots were adequately trained and licensed before sailing to the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Naming of America",
"text": "It was decorated with prominent portraits of Ptolemy and Vespucci and, for the first time, the name America was applied to a map of the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "It is more sensational in tone than the other letters and the only one to assert that Vespucci made four voyages of exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Vespucci letters",
"text": "A reference is made to three voyages made by Vespucci, two on behalf of Spain and one for Portugal."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "Although Amerigo was ten years older, they had been schoolmates under the tutelage of Giorgio Antonio Vespucci."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "Their objective in Paris was to obtain French support for Florence's war with Naples."
}
] |
Vespucci was an Italian man whom sailed to the Americas under a different country than his birth one.
| 0 | 0 |
Amerigo Vespucci
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Relations with Rome",
"text": "In March 1309, the entire papal court moved from Poitiers (where it had remained for 4 years) to the Comtat Venaissin, around the city of Avignon (which was not then part of France, but technically part of the Kingdom of Arles within the Holy Roman Empire, since 1290 held as an imperial fief by the king of Naples)."
}
] |
lFmzrubwq5XTCA4g0Jvi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is remembered for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the execution of many of its members, and as the pope who moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon, ushering in the period known as the Avignon Papacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Clement V and the Knights Templar",
"text": "Philip IV was the force behind this move, but it has also embellished the historical reputation of Clement V. From the very day of Clement V's coronation, the king charged the Templars with usury, credit inflation, fraud, heresy, sodomy, immorality, and abuses, and the scruples of the Pope were heightened by a growing sense that the burgeoning French State might not wait for the Church, but would proceed independently."
},
{
"section_header": "Election",
"text": "Bertrand was elected Pope Clement V in June 1305 and crowned on 14 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Crusades and relations with the Mongols",
"text": "On 4 April 1312, a Crusade was promulgated by Pope Clement V at the Council of Vienne."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Relations with Rome",
"text": "But the decision proved the precursor of the long Avignon Papacy, the \"Babylonian captivity\" (1309–77), in Petrarch's phrase."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Relations with Rome",
"text": "In March 1309, the entire papal court moved from Poitiers (where it had remained for 4 years) to the Comtat Venaissin, around the city of Avignon (which was not then part of France, but technically part of the Kingdom of Arles within the Holy Roman Empire, since 1290 held as an imperial fief by the king of Naples)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Clement V and the Knights Templar",
"text": "Early in 1306, Clement V explained away those features of the Papal bull Clericis Laicos that might seem to apply to the king of France and essentially withdrew Unam Sanctam, the bull of Boniface VIII that asserted papal supremacy over secular rulers and threatened Philip's political plans, a radical change in papal policy."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Clement V and the Knights Templar",
"text": "On Friday, 13 October 1307, hundreds of the Knights Templar were arrested in France, an action apparently motivated financially and undertaken by the efficient royal bureaucracy to increase the prestige of the crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Clement V and the Knights Templar",
"text": "The Pope abolished the order anyway, as the Templars seemed to be in bad repute and had outlived their usefulness as papal bankers and protectors of pilgrims in the East."
},
{
"section_header": "Pontificate | Clement V and the Knights Templar",
"text": "For his part, Clement V absolved all the participants in the abduction of Boniface at Anagni."
}
] |
Pope Clement V moved the seat of papacy to France.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Clement V
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the First: The Maiden (1–11)",
"text": "The novel is set in an impoverished rural England, Thomas Hardy's fictional Wessex, during the Long Depression of the 1870s."
}
] |
lGHajFV4YjqBDBn2T5Z8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Seventh: Fulfilment (53–59)",
"text": "He sets out to find Tess and eventually locates Joan, now well-dressed and living in a pleasant cottage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the First: The Maiden (1–11)",
"text": "The novel is set in an impoverished rural England, Thomas Hardy's fictional Wessex, during the Long Depression of the 1870s."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "2011 : Michael Winterbottom 21st-century Indian set film Trishna with Freida Pinto and Riz Ahmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Sixth: The Convert (45–52)",
"text": "Tess enters the church and in the d'Urberville Aisle, Alec reappears and importunes Tess again."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented is a novel by Thomas Hardy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Seventh: Fulfilment (53–59)",
"text": "There, he finds Tess living in an expensive boarding house under the name \"Mrs. d'Urberville\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Fourth: The Consequence (25–34)",
"text": "Tess, deciding to tell Angel the truth, writes a letter describing her dealings with d'Urberville and slips it under his door."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the First: The Maiden (1–11)",
"text": "Tess fails to meet Mrs. d'Urberville, but chances on her libertine son, Alec, who takes a fancy to Tess and secures her a position as poultry keeper on the estate."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Phase the Fourth: The Consequence (25–34)",
"text": "Tess and Angel spend their wedding night at an old d'Urberville family mansion, where Angel presents his bride with diamonds that belonged to his godmother."
},
{
"section_header": "Secondary sources",
"text": "William A. Davis Jr., \"Hardy and the 'Deserted Wife' Question: The Failure of the Law in Tess of the D'urbervilles.\" Colby Quarterly 29.1 (1993): 5–19"
}
] |
Tess of the d'Urbervilles is set in the country of Germany.
| 2 | 5 |
Tess of the d'Urbervilles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Erewhon: or, Over the Range () is a novel by Samuel Butler which was first published anonymously in 1872, set in a fictional country discovered and explored by the protagonist."
}
] |
lGSSmQihEOiJMAciKxKq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "After its first release, this book sold far better than any of Butler's other works, perhaps because the British public assumed that the anonymous author was some better-known figure (the favourite being Edward Bulwer-Lytton, who had published The Coming Race two years previously)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Erewhon: or, Over the Range () is a novel by Samuel Butler which was first published anonymously in 1872, set in a fictional country discovered and explored by the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Characters",
"text": "Yram—The daughter of Higgs' jailer who takes care of him when he first enters Erewhon."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "'Erewhon' is also the name of an independent speculative fiction publishing company founded in 2018 by Liz Gorinsky."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "At first glance, Erewhon appears to be a Utopia, yet it soon becomes clear that this is far from the case."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "This last aspect of Erewhon reveals the influence of Charles Darwin's evolution theory; Butler had read On the Origin of Species soon after it was published in 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "In 2014, New Zealand artist Gavin Hipkins released his first feature film, titled Erewhon and based on Butler's book."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "In 1994, a group of ex-Yugoslavian writers in Amsterdam, who had established the PEN centre of Yugoslav Writers in Exile, published a single issue of a literary journal Erewhon."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "New Zealand sound art organisation, the Audio Foundation, published in 2012 an anthology edited by Bruce Russell named Erewhon Calling after Butler's book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first few chapters of the novel dealing with the discovery of Erewhon are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand, where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years (1860–64), and explored parts of the interior of the South Island and which he wrote about in his A First Year in Canterbury Settlement (1863)."
}
] |
The author of Erewhon was not known when it was first published.
| 0 | 0 |
Erewhon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle stages | Edward IV",
"text": "The official coronation of Edward IV took place on June 1461 in London, where he received a rapturous welcome from his supporters."
}
] |
lGub8JzSRayTtcPPif8Y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Middle stages | Yorkist triumph",
"text": "It was clear that Edward was no longer simply trying to free the king from bad councillors, but that his goal was to take the crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of events",
"text": "He was crowned Henry VII and married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, to unite and reconcile the two houses."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stages | Buckingham's revolt",
"text": "After 1471, Edward IV had preferred to belittle Henry's pretensions to the crown and made only sporadic attempts to secure him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward was thus unopposed as the first Yorkist king of England, as Edward IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle stages | Edward IV",
"text": "The official coronation of Edward IV took place on June 1461 in London, where he received a rapturous welcome from his supporters."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stages | Richard III",
"text": "Richard then claimed the crown as King Richard III."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary of events",
"text": "York's eldest son Edward, Earl of March, was proclaimed King Edward IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Early stages | Start of the war",
"text": "Richard's aim was ostensibly to remove \"poor advisors\" from King Henry's side."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the conflict | Disputed succession",
"text": "Nevertheless, when Henry Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster) returned from exile in 1399, initially to reclaim his rights as Duke of Lancaster, he took advantage of the support of most of the nobles to depose Richard and was crowned King Henry IV, establishing the House of Lancaster on the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Middle stages | Edward IV",
"text": "About the same time, once England under Edward IV and Scotland had come to terms, Margaret and her son were forced to leave Scotland and sail to France, where they maintained an impoverished court in exile for several years."
}
] |
When Edward IV was crowned king, the York side of the conflict thought it was a bad idea.
| 0 | 0 |
Wars of the Roses
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Phone order fees",
"text": "In 2019, the company was sued for charging restaurants fees for phone calls taking place on Grubhub-issued phone lines lasting over 45 seconds—whether they resulted in orders or not."
}
] |
lGyUya0uPCR4T22myS8p
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Grubhub Inc. is an American online and mobile prepared food ordering and delivery platform that connects diners with local restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Phone order fees",
"text": "In 2019, the company was sued for charging restaurants fees for phone calls taking place on Grubhub-issued phone lines lasting over 45 seconds—whether they resulted in orders or not."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "Seamless is an online and mobile food ordering platform for regional restaurants active in the U.S. and London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Delivery",
"text": "As of 2016, the company was delivering in more than 50 markets across the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Phone order fees",
"text": "The restaurants themselves must review and audit call logs within the refund window in order to identify and dispute fees erroneously charged to them by Grubhub's algorithm."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Referral numbers on Yelp listings",
"text": "Reporting from an August 2019 episode of podcast Underunderstood found that Yelp listings for some restaurants provide Grubhub \"referral numbers\" which, when called instead of the restaurant's phone number itself, facilitate recording of the calls and can result in the restaurant being charged commission fees, even in some cases when resulting in no order."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "North American headquarters would remain in Chicago with Grubhub founder, Matt Maloney, joining the board of directors and heading North American operations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Grubhub history",
"text": "MenuPages was acquired by Seamless in September 2011.DiningIn, an online ordering and food delivery company based in Brighton, Massachusetts, was acquired by Grubhub in February 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Labor lawsuits | Wallace v. Grubhub Holdings",
"text": "Many drivers allegedly work more than 40 hours a week but do not receive overtime rates for their work."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Allegations of monopolistic behavior",
"text": "The case is filed in the federal U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York as Davitashvili v GrubHub Inc., 20-cv-3000."
}
] |
Grubhub Inc., an American online and mobile platform, charged companies for telephone calls that lasted more than quarters of a minute.
| 0 | 0 |
Grubhub
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education, marriage and early career",
"text": "Garfield had attended church more to please his mother than to worship God, but in his late teens underwent a religious awakening, and attended many camp meetings, at one of which he was born again on March 4, 1850, baptized into Christ by being submerged in the icy waters of the Chagrin River."
}
] |
lH3MLGdEHjB6JhcxWmEq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and historical view",
"text": "Perhaps if he had lived he could have done no more.\" Rutkow writes, \"James Abram Garfield's presidency is reduced to a tantalizing '"
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Cabinet and inauguration",
"text": "\"Garfield's appointment of James infuriated Conkling, a factional opponent of the Postmaster General, who demanded a compensatory appointment for his faction, such as the position of Secretary of the Treasury."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination | Treatment and death",
"text": "\" The conventional narrative regarding James A. Garfield's post-shooting medical condition was challenged by Theodore Pappas and Shahrzad Joharifard in a 2013 article The American Journal of Surgery."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "James was named for an older brother who died in infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Funeral, memorials and commemorations",
"text": "In 1887, the James A. Garfield Monument was dedicated in Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency, 1881 | Cabinet and inauguration",
"text": "New York was represented by Thomas Lemuel James as Postmaster General."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "James took his mother's side and when Belden died in 1880, noted it in his diary with satisfaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "Abram died later that year; James was raised in poverty in a household led by the strong-willed Eliza."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood and early life",
"text": "James Garfield was born the youngest of five children on November 19, 1831, in a log cabin in Orange Township, now Moreland Hills, Ohio."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War | Chief of staff for Rosecrans",
"text": "Garfield's hunch was correct."
},
{
"section_header": "Education, marriage and early career",
"text": "Garfield had attended church more to please his mother than to worship God, but in his late teens underwent a religious awakening, and attended many camp meetings, at one of which he was born again on March 4, 1850, baptized into Christ by being submerged in the icy waters of the Chagrin River."
}
] |
James A. Garfield's baptism was outdoors.
| 0 | 0 |
James A. Garfield
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "It is believed that the plane crashed in fog in the Barents Sea, and that Amundsen and his crew were killed in the wreck, or died shortly afterward."
}
] |
lHSXxcs3DbXt5n4uXAyk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "North Polar Expeditions and Northeast Passage | Northeast Passage",
"text": "During this time, Amundsen suffered a broken arm and was attacked by polar bears."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "British novelist Roald Dahl was named after Amundsen, as was Nobel Prize laureate Roald Hoffmann."
},
{
"section_header": "Polar treks | Northwest Passage",
"text": "He said he hoped to do more and signed it \" Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Roald was the fourth son in the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (UK: , US: ; 16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "They found nothing from the Amundsen flight."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "The North-West Passage; Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the Ship \"Gjöa\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "New York: E.P. Dutton and Co. 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "OCLC 971379351. South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the \"Fram\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Works by Amundsen",
"text": "1912. 1912. OCLC 727260901. Nordost Passagen: Maudfaerden Langs Asiens Kyst 1918–1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "The search for Amundsen and team was called off in September 1928 by the Norwegian government, and the bodies were never found."
},
{
"section_header": "Disappearance and death",
"text": "It is believed that the plane crashed in fog in the Barents Sea, and that Amundsen and his crew were killed in the wreck, or died shortly afterward."
}
] |
Roald Amundsen received a military funeral despite not belonging to any of Norway's armed forces.
| 0 | 0 |
Roald Amundsen
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He threatened to retire from the game and take up professional golf rather than be underpaid or moved to the outfield by the Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount's demands were met; when he returned to the team, Molitor was moved from shortstop to second base to make room for Yount."
}
] |
lHwRf3VBQXjsxKIcLfRE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,\"The Kid\", and \"Rockin' Robin\", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Yount's nephew Austin Yount played professional baseball for the Dodgers organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount's demands were met; when he returned to the team, Molitor was moved from shortstop to second base to make room for Yount."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robin attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He threatened to retire from the game and take up professional golf rather than be underpaid or moved to the outfield by the Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | 1982 season",
"text": "His slugging percentage was the second highest ever by a shortstop, and his 129 runs set the record for that position."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Since retiring from baseball, Yount has increased his participation in two of his other passions, professional motorcycle and auto racing."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "That same year, he was included in the balloting for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, finishing fifth among shortstops."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He was an early proponent of weight training – then uncommon in baseball – and by 1980 Yount's power hitting had improved, particularly for a shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent his entire 20-year career in Major League Baseball as a shortstop and center fielder for the Milwaukee Brewers (1974–93)."
}
] |
Robin Yount swore that he would quit and play a different sport professionally unless he got to play shortstop.
| 1 | 2 |
Robin Yount
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Effect on Goethe",
"text": "Although he wrote Werther at the age of 24, it was all for which some of his visitors in his old age knew him."
}
] |
lIWScT2xTLpIAGAzpICw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Alternative versions and appearances",
"text": "William Makepeace Thackeray wrote a poem satirizing Goethe's story entitled Sorrows of Werther."
},
{
"section_header": "Effect on Goethe",
"text": "Although he wrote Werther at the age of 24, it was all for which some of his visitors in his old age knew him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Most of The Sorrows of Young Werther, a story about unrequited love, is presented as a collection of letters written by Werther, a young artist of a sensitive and passionate temperament, to his friend Wilhelm."
},
{
"section_header": "Effect on Goethe",
"text": "\"Goethe described the powerful impact the book had on him, writing that even if Werther had been a brother of his whom he had killed, he could not have been more haunted by his vengeful ghost."
},
{
"section_header": "Effect on Goethe",
"text": "Yet, Goethe substantially reworked the book for the 1787 edition and acknowledged the great personal and emotional influence that The Sorrows of Young Werther could exert on forlorn young lovers who discovered it."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "As he commented to his secretary in 1821, \"It must be bad, if not everybody was to have a time in his life, when he felt as though Werther had been written exclusively for him.\" Even fifty years after the book's publication, Goethe wrote in a conversation with Johann Peter Eckermann about the emotional turmoil he had gone through while writing the book: \"That was a creation which I, like the pelican, fed with the blood of my own heart.\" The Sorrows of Young Werther turned Goethe, previously an unknown author, into a literary celebrity almost overnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Effect on Goethe",
"text": "The novel was published anonymously, and Goethe distanced himself from it in his later years, regretting the fame it had brought him and the consequent attention to his own youthful love of Charlotte Buff, then already engaged to Johann Christian Kestner."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative versions and appearances",
"text": "Ulrich Plenzdorf, a GDR poet, wrote a satirical novel (and play) called Die neuen Leiden des jungen W. (\"The New Sorrows of Young W.\"), transposing the events into an East German setting, with the protagonist as an ineffectual teenager rebelling against the system."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternative versions and appearances",
"text": "The 2010 German film Goethe! is a fictional account of the relations between the young Goethe, Charlotte Buff and her fiancé Kestner, which at times draws on that of Werther, Charlotte and Albert."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "Rüdiger Safranski, a modern biographer of Goethe, dismisses the Werther Effect 'as only a persistent rumor'."
}
] |
Goethe wrote the story in his 30s.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sorrows of Young Werther
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style, influences, and lyrical themes",
"text": "The members of Slipknot are also influenced by Kiss, Black Sabbath, Slayer, Jimi Hendrix, Deicide, Pantera, Anthrax, Metal Church, Judas Priest, Megadeth, Sepultura, White Zombie, Alice in Chains, Malevolent Creation, Mr. Bungle, Nine Inch Nails, Neurosis, Led Zeppelin, Converge, The Melvins, Johnny Cash, N.W.A, Skinny Puppy, Mayhem, Dimmu Borgir, Iron Maiden, Emperor, Suicidal Tendencies, Beastie Boys, Morbid Angel, Cannibal Corpse, Misfits, Gorefest, Run-DMC, Black Flag, Faith"
}
] |
lJElvXeizFI3gqCQjZmy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Slipknot and emergence (1998–2000)",
"text": "Slipknot later recruited Jim Root to complete their lineup and the band returned to Malibu to continue work on the album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | All Hope Is Gone, third hiatus and Gray's death (2008–2010)",
"text": "The band was hesitant to comment on the future of Slipknot."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style, influences, and lyrical themes",
"text": "Slipknot is considered a nu metal band."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "Slipknot had a longstanding feud with the band Mushroomhead which—along with their fans—said Slipknot \"stole their image\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "An essential element for the band's image is the Slipknot logo."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities | Slipknot logo and nonagram",
"text": "The nonagram is arguably the best-known sigil of Slipknot"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slipknot and emergence (1998–2000)",
"text": "In early 2000, Slipknot was certified platinum; a first for an album released by Roadrunner Records."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slipknot and emergence (1998–2000)",
"text": "During that period, guitarist Brainard decided to leave the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slipknot and emergence (1998–2000)",
"text": "Partway through the recording process of the album, Slipknot returned to Des Moines for the Christmas period."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style, influences, and lyrical themes",
"text": "The members of Slipknot are also influenced by Kiss, Black Sabbath, Slayer, Jimi Hendrix, Deicide, Pantera, Anthrax, Metal Church, Judas Priest, Megadeth, Sepultura, White Zombie, Alice in Chains, Malevolent Creation, Mr. Bungle, Nine Inch Nails, Neurosis, Led Zeppelin, Converge, The Melvins, Johnny Cash, N.W.A, Skinny Puppy, Mayhem, Dimmu Borgir, Iron Maiden, Emperor, Suicidal Tendencies, Beastie Boys, Morbid Angel, Cannibal Corpse, Misfits, Gorefest, Run-DMC, Black Flag, Faith"
}
] |
Slipknot was inspired by legendary bands.
| 0 | 0 |
Slipknot (band)
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Nirvana (nibbana) literally means \"blowing out\" or \"quenching\"."
}
] |
lJYZAhgsFhqHhkWwBZoY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "Moksha is derived from the root muc* (Sanskrit: मुच्) which means free, let go, release, liberate; Moksha means \"liberation, freedom, emancipation of the soul\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Hence the original meaning of the word is \"blown out, extinguished\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Nirvana (nibbana) literally means \"blowing out\" or \"quenching\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "It was later adopted by other Indian religions, but with different meanings and description (Moksha), such as in the Hindu text Bhagavad Gita of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "In the Vedas and early Upanishads, the word mucyate (Sanskrit: मुच्यते) appears, which means to be set free or release - such as of a horse from its harness."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "Uttaradhyana Sutra provides an account of Sudharman – also called Gautama, and one of the disciples of Mahavira – explaining the meaning of nirvana to Kesi, a disciple of Parshva."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Buddhist and non-Buddhist traditions describe these terms for liberation differently."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word nirvāṇa, states Steven Collins, is from the verbal root vā \"blow\" in the form of past participle vāna \"blown\", prefixed with the preverb nis meaning \"out\"."
}
] |
In Budhism, the term means "blowing out" or "quanching".
| 2 | 8 |
Nirvana
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare."
}
] |
lJhI00UHIRWTmA16XZUH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Novels",
"text": "On 27 March 2018, Tessa Gratton published a high fantasy adaptation of King Lear titled The Queens of Innis Lear with Tor Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "In the 2012 romantic comedy If I Were You, there is a reference to the play when the lead characters are cast in a female version of King Lear set in modern times, with Marcia Gay Harden cast in the Lear role and Lenore Watling as \"the fool."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 19th century",
"text": "Charles Lamb established the Romantics' attitude to King Lear in his 1811 essay \"On the Tragedies of Shakespeare, considered with reference to their fitness for stage representation\" where he says that the play \"is essentially impossible to be represented on the stage\", preferring to experience it in the study."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "In 1997 Jocelyn Moorhouse directed A Thousand Acres, based on Jane Smiley's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, set in 1990s Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 21st century",
"text": "This setting would later be reproduced as part of the Manga Shakespeare graphic novel series published by Self-Made Hero, adapted by Richard Appignanesi and featuring the illustrations of Ilya."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Historicist interpretations",
"text": "King Lear is thus an allegory."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "In 2008, a version of King Lear produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company premiered with Ian McKellen in the role of King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "Carl Bessai wrote and directed a modern adaptation of King Lear titled The Lears."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 17th century",
"text": "And from the restoration until the mid-19th century the performance history of King Lear is not the story of Shakespeare's version, but instead of The History of King Lear, a popular adaptation by Nahum Tate."
}
] |
King Lear is a romantic novel.
| 0 | 1 |
King Lear
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He left Woonsocket and his $7.50 per week ($230 in current dollar terms) working as a taxi driver and joined the Class B New England League's Fall River Indians in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He earned money as a taxi driver with a horse and buggy and locally was called \"Slugging Cabby.\" \"When I told my father I had decided to take the job he was very angry."
}
] |
lKk2IFKbdzaTzH6aYDFP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He also worked as a teamster."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He left Woonsocket and his $7.50 per week ($230 in current dollar terms) working as a taxi driver and joined the Class B New England League's Fall River Indians in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The elder Lajoie, who worked as a teamster and laborer, died not long into the younger Lajoie's childhood, which forced him and his siblings to work to support the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He earned money as a taxi driver with a horse and buggy and locally was called \"Slugging Cabby.\" \"When I told my father I had decided to take the job he was very angry."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also scouted by the Philadelphia Phillies and Boston Beaneaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lajoie's 2,522 hits in the American League was that league's record until Cobb surpassed his mark."
},
{
"section_header": "Footnotes",
"text": "Both the Society for American Baseball Research and Baseball-Reference.com list Lajoie as having the higher batting average and thus, the batting champion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Napoleon Lajoie (; September 5, 1874 – February 7, 1959), also known as Larry Lajoie and nicknamed \"The Frenchman\", was an American professional baseball second baseman and player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lajoie admired baseball players such as King Kelly and Charles Radbourn."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Cleveland Bronchos/Naps",
"text": "The Naps finished with a 76–78 record in a season in which they had been 52-29, and held a three game lead in the American League on July 24th Baseball historian Bill James wrote of Lajoie's higher-than-normal career putout total and importance to Cleveland: Nap Lajoie was not only the team's superstar, after 1905 he was also the manager."
}
] |
American baseball player Nap Lajoie worked as a teamster and taxi driver until he was scouted.
| 0 | 0 |
Nap Lajoie
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "The cuisine of Switzerland is multifaceted."
}
] |
lLIjodb4kWLOeBjVneMU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "The classic distribution of 2 CVP/PDC, 2 SPS/PSS, 2 FDP/PRD and 1 SVP/UDC as it stood from 1959 to 2003 was known as the \"magic formula\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Education and science",
"text": "Education in Switzerland is very diverse because the constitution of Switzerland delegates the authority for the school system to the cantons."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Labour market",
"text": "Switzerland has a more flexible job market than neighbouring countries and the unemployment rate is very low."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history | Archaeological findings",
"text": "Archaeologists revealed that she was approximately 40 years old when she died and likely carried out little physical labor when she was alive."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "A weather phenomenon known as the föhn (with an identical effect to the chinook wind) can occur at all times of the year and is characterised by an unexpectedly warm wind, bringing air of very low relative humidity to the north of the Alps during rainfall periods on the southern face of the Alps."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "The French spoken in Switzerland has similar terms, which are equally known as Helvetisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "E. It contains three basic topographical areas: the Swiss Alps to the south, the Swiss Plateau or Central Plateau, and the Jura mountains on the west."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "The oldest known farming settlements in Switzerland, which were found at Gächlingen, have been dated to around 5300 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "The principal official languages (German, French, and Italian) have terms, not used outside of Switzerland, known as Helvetisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "The cuisine of Switzerland is multifaceted."
}
] |
Switzerland is known for is basic and very little culinary magic happens there.
| 1 | 2 |
Switzerland
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chamberlain died aged 71 on 9 November 1940 of cancer, six months after leaving the premiership."
}
] |
lLO5aiqzB1gparN0cc9P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "Before he left office in 1929, 21 of the 25 bills had passed into law."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Though some Chamberlain supporters found Churchill's oratory to be faint praise of the late Prime Minister, Churchill added less publicly, \"Whatever shall I do without poor Neville?"
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "Two months later, Law was diagnosed with advanced, terminal throat cancer."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Opposition and second term as Chancellor",
"text": "The Import Duties Act 1932 passed Parliament easily."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Neville Chamberlain (; 18 March 1869 – 9 November 1940) was a British politician of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Opposition and second term as Chancellor | Defence spending",
"text": "In 1935, MacDonald stood down as Prime Minister, and Baldwin became Prime Minister for the third time."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "Lloyd George resigned, as did Austen Chamberlain, and Law was recalled from retirement to lead the Unionists as Prime Minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Premiership (1937–1940)",
"text": "Soon after taking office Chamberlain instructed his ministers to prepare two-year policy programmes."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "Chamberlain served only five months in the office before the Conservatives were defeated in the 1923 general election."
},
{
"section_header": "MP and Minister (1919–1937) | Rise from the backbench",
"text": "The Bill passed into law. Though Chamberlain struck a conciliatory note during the 1926 General Strike, in general he had poor relations with the Labour opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chamberlain died aged 71 on 9 November 1940 of cancer, six months after leaving the premiership."
}
] |
Neville Chamberlain passed away for cancer while in office as the Prime Minister.
| 1 | 5 |
Neville Chamberlain
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Uses | Other",
"text": "Basic research – Bacteriophages are important model organisms for studying principles of evolution and ecology."
}
] |
lLWoHFXuvAWe8cLatTA8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is estimated there are more than 1031 bacteriophages on the planet, more than every other organism on Earth, including bacteria, combined."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Other",
"text": "Basic research – Bacteriophages are important model organisms for studying principles of evolution and ecology."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bacteriophages are ubiquitous viruses, found wherever bacteria exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Virion assembly",
"text": "The base plates are assembled first, with the tails being built upon them afterward."
},
{
"section_header": "Systems biology",
"text": "As a consequence, the transcription pattern of the infected bacterium may change considerably."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "CRISPR CRISPR Hauser, AR (2016). \"Beyond Antibiotics: New Therapeutic Approaches for Bacterial Infections\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Replication | Attachment and penetration",
"text": "To enter a host cell, bacteriophages attach to specific receptors on the surface of bacteria, including lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, proteins, or even flagella."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Phage therapy",
"text": "However, they were abandoned for general use in the West for several reasons: Antibiotics were discovered and marketed widely."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Other",
"text": "In that same year, the FDA approved LISTEX (developed and produced by Micreos) using bacteriophages on cheese to kill Listeria monocytogenes bacteria, in order to give them generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status."
},
{
"section_header": "Systems biology",
"text": "For instance, infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the temperate phage PaP3 changed the expression of 38% (2160/5633) of its host's genes."
}
] |
Bacteriophages, and viruses in general, are not considered to be living organisms even though they evolve and change like living organisms do.
| 1 | 2 |
Bacteriophage
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Weight gain",
"text": "At least 15 clinical trials have shown that zinc improved weight gain in anorexia."
}
] |
lLZWCu8O8IbT5EDZ5I9W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient use",
"text": "Zinc ores were used to make the zinc–"
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Occurrence",
"text": "Zinc makes up about 75 ppm (0.0075%) of Earth's crust, making it the 24th most abundant element."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Deficiency",
"text": "Nearly two billion people in the developing world are deficient in zinc."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "Zinc sheet metal is used to make zinc"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Precautions | Toxicity",
"text": "Evidence shows that people taking 100–300 mg of zinc daily may suffer induced copper deficiency."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Nutrition | Dietary recommendations",
"text": "RDAs are higher than EARs so as to identify amounts that will cover people with higher than average requirements."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Other",
"text": "A Cochrane review stated that people taking zinc supplement may be less likely to progress to age-related macular degeneration."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Other industrial uses",
"text": "The semiconductor properties of zinc oxide make it useful in varistors and photocopying products."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role | Enzymes",
"text": "Zinc is an efficient Lewis acid, making it a useful catalytic agent in hydroxylation and other enzymatic reactions."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Dietary supplement | Weight gain",
"text": "At least 15 clinical trials have shown that zinc improved weight gain in anorexia."
}
] |
Zinc makes people skinny.
| 2 | 5 |
Zinc
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final result was a major defeat for the union of strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers."
}
] |
lMEOvVxUfmX7xKbVwiCq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "The Berkman assassination attempt undermined public support for the union and prompted the final collapse of the strike."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The final result was a major defeat for the union of strikers and a setback for their efforts to unionize steelworkers."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "National attention became riveted on Homestead when, on July 23, Alexander Berkman, a New York anarchist with no connection to steel or to organized labor, plotted with his lover Emma Goldman to assassinate Frick."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "Frick survived and continued his role; Berkman was sentenced to 22 years in prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "The union voted to go back to work on Carnegie's terms; the strike had failed and the union had collapsed."
},
{
"section_header": "Union",
"text": "The AA engaged in a bitter strike at the Homestead works on January 1, 1882, in an effort to prevent management from including a non-union clause in the workers' contracts, known as a \"yellow-dog contract\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted assassination and collapse of the strike",
"text": "Frick refused. Frick, too, needed a way out of the strike."
},
{
"section_header": "Nature of the 1892 strike",
"text": "The AA strike at the Homestead steel mill in 1892 was different from previous large-scale strikes in American history such as the Great railroad strike of 1877 or the Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "In May 1899, three hundred Homestead workers formed an AA lodge, but Frick ordered the Homestead works shut down and the unionization effort collapsed."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "De-unionization efforts throughout the Midwest began against the AA in 1897 when Jones and Laughlin Steel refused to sign a contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Homestead strike, also known as the Homestead steel strike or Homestead massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on July 1, 1892, culminating in a battle between strikers and private security agents on July 6, 1892."
}
] |
The Berkman assassination attempt was the final result of the Homestead steel strike battle and a turning point in Britain's effort to unionize.
| 0 | 0 |
Homestead Strike
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "Sony began in the wake of World War II."
}
] |
lMj1LADtHEKkkhvlrhvN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "The company started with a capital of ¥190,000 and a total of eight employees."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "Sony began in the wake of World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Formats and technologies | Audio encoding",
"text": "The latter became entrenched in a format war with DVD-Audio."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Pictures Entertainment",
"text": "In 2006 Sony started using ARccOS Protection on some of their film DVDs, but later issued a recall."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Photography and videography",
"text": "the NEX-5.They also started a new lens mount system, which was the E-mount."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo",
"text": "In 1946, Masaru Ibuka started an electronics shop in a department store building in Tokyo."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "In the process, he was struck by the mobility of employees between American companies, which was unheard of in Japan at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "When he returned to Japan, he encouraged experienced, middle-aged employees of other companies to reevaluate their careers and consider joining Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate information | Finances",
"text": "On 9 December 2008, Sony Corporation announced that it would be cutting 8,000 jobs, dropping 8,000 contractors and reducing its global manufacturing sites by 10% to save $1.1 billion per year."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "At the time, the publishing company was the second largest of its kind in the world."
}
] |
Sony started after World War III and had 10 employees.
| 3 | 5 |
Sony
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
}
] |
lMsW1pfftI3p7zzn09i0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "One of the main themes of \"Lyrical Ballads\" is the return to the original state of nature, in which people led a purer and more innocent existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Even the title of the collection recalls rustic forms of art – the word \"lyrical\" links the poems with the ancient rustic bards and lends an air of spontaneity, while \"ballads\" are an oral mode of storytelling used by the common people."
},
{
"section_header": "Poems in the second edition (1800)",
"text": "In the 1798 edition the poems later printed as \"Lines Written When Sailing in a Boat at Evening\" and \"Lines Written Near Richmond, Upon the Thames\" form a single poem, \"Lines Written Near Richmond, Upon the Thames, at Evening\"."
}
] |
Lyrical Ballads was printed in the early 1700s.
| 0 | 0 |
Lyrical Ballads
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall."
}
] |
lMuYUdPTv2SAR4kxyXEL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "The theories about Taj Mahal being a Shiva temple started circulating when Oak released his 1989 book \"Taj Mahal: The True Story\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Threats",
"text": "The pollution has been turning the Taj Mahal yellow-brown."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "The Taj Mahal attracts a large number of tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal (; lit. 'Crown of the Palace', [taːdʒ ˈmɛːɦ(ə)l]) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the southern bank of the river"
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Tomb",
"text": "The tomb is the central focus of the entire complex of the Taj Mahal."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Exterior decorations",
"text": "The exterior decorations of the Taj Mahal are among the finest in Mughal architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Garden",
"text": "As the Mughal Empire declined, the Taj Mahal and its gardens also declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "Foreign dignitaries often visit the Taj Mahal on trips to India."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was constructed using materials from all over India and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "At the Taj Mahal, each sanctuary opens onto an expansive vaulting dome."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall."
}
] |
The Taj Mahal is not a Mosque.
| 2 | 5 |
Taj Mahal
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fame Monster (2009), which yielded the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\"."
}
] |
lMy13QgjgSZNAg3NarsM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaga returned to her dance-pop roots with her sixth studio album Chromatica (2020), which featured the number-one single \"Rain on Me\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Breakthrough with The Fame and The Fame Monster",
"text": "\"Telephone\", with Beyoncé, followed as the second single from the EP and became Gaga's fourth UK number one."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "She credits Beyoncé as a key inspiration to pursue a musical career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "The Zen of Bennett and Katy Perry: Part of Me, and released her first fragrance, Lady Gaga Fame, followed by a second one, Eau de Gaga, in 2014.Gaga began work on her third studio album, Artpop, in early 2012, during the Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror \"a night at the club\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "Commercially, the soundtrack debuted at number one in the US, making Gaga the first woman with five US number one albums in the 2010s, and breaking her tie with Taylor Swift as the most for any female artist this decade"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Breakthrough with The Fame and The Fame Monster",
"text": "Three other singles, \"Eh, Eh (Nothing Else I Can Say)\", \"LoveGame\" and \"Paparazzi\", were released from the album; the last one reached number one in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "In 2011, Gaga also worked with Tony Bennett on a jazz version of \" The Lady Is a Tramp\", with Elton John on \" In 2011, Gaga also worked with Tony Bennett on a jazz version of \" The Lady Is a Tramp\", with Elton John on \" Hello Hello\" for the animated feature film Gnomeo & Juliet, and with The Lonely Island and Justin Timberlake on \"3-Way (The Golden Rule)\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "The record was Gaga's third consecutive number-one album on the Billboard 200, and won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | Born This Way Foundation",
"text": "The sales revenue of the 99th issue of the V magazine, which featured Gaga and Kinney, was donated to the foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "In turn, Versace calls Lady Gaga \"the fresh Donatella\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fame Monster (2009), which yielded the singles \"Bad Romance\", \"Telephone\", and \"Alejandro\"."
}
] |
Lady Gaga was featured on the Beyonce album "Fame Monster"
| 0 | 0 |
Lady Gaga
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "He objected, in particular, to that constitution's grant of universal male suffrage in elections for the lower House of Representatives."
}
] |
lN6Bhp3RTeMvNViUROQv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "It limited voters to being residents who passed a literacy test and possessed property or had income qualifications."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "He objected, in particular, to that constitution's grant of universal male suffrage in elections for the lower House of Representatives."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "Under his reign, the laws against \"kahunaism\" were repealed."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The change was made shortly before the death of Prince Albert Kamehameha, the only son of Kamehameha IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "As Lot lay bedstricken, he answered those that came to visit him: \"The Good Lord cannot take me today, today is my birthday\"."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "Kamehameha V surprised the supporters of bill, saying \"I will never sign the death warrant of my people."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He founded the Royal Order of Kamehameha I society and the Royal Order of Kamehameha"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kamehameha V: Lot Kapuāiwa. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha styled under the Kamehameha name."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "Kamehameha V's cousin William Charles Lunalilo, a Kamehameha by birth from his mother, demanded a general election and won."
}
] |
Kamehameha was against universal suffrage and set in place laws to limit voter turnout to only those who were literate or made enough income.
| 3 | 3 |
Kamehameha V
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "[who] got Porter the show that launched his career.\" Berlin died in his sleep at his 17 Beekman Place town house in Manhattan on September 22, 1989, of heart attack and natural causes at the age of 101."
}
] |
lNtRYy1vFnfbE9EvULMM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Berlin died in 1989 at the age of 101."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "She died July 17 of that year and was buried in Buffalo."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Jewish immigrant | Settling in New York City",
"text": "He died a few years later when Irving was thirteen years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | Before 1920 | Simple and romantic ballads",
"text": "She died six months later of typhoid fever contracted during their honeymoon in Havana."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "Their marriage remained a love affair and they were inseparable until she died in July 1988 at the age of 85."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "[who] got Porter the show that launched his career.\" Berlin died in his sleep at his 17 Beekman Place town house in Manhattan on September 22, 1989, of heart attack and natural causes at the age of 101."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | 1941 to 1962 | \"Annie Get Your Gun\" (1946)",
"text": "were the \"most thrilling time of his life.\" The grueling tours Berlin did performing \" This Is The Army\" left him exhausted, but when his old and close friend Jerome Kern, who was the composer for \" Annie Get Your Gun\", died suddenly, producers Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II persuaded Berlin to take over composing the score."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "They had four children during their 63 years of marriage: Irving, who died in infancy on Christmas Day 1928; Mary Ellin Barrett, Elizabeth Irving Peters and Linda Louise Emmet."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | 1920 to 1940 | Various hit songs by Berlin",
"text": "It became a hit recording for Ben Selvin and one of several Berlin hits in 1927."
},
{
"section_header": "Songwriting career | 1920 to 1940 | Various hit songs by Berlin",
"text": "By 1926, Berlin had written the scores to two editions of the Ziegfeld Follies and four \"Music Box Revues."
}
] |
Berlin died due to a car accident when he was 87.
| 2 | 3 |
Irving Berlin
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sabrina had been on the point of sailing for France, where she is to attend Le Cordon Bleu, the leading culinary school in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In a 1974 interview, Head stated that she was responsible for creating the dresses, with inspiration from some Givenchy designs that Hepburn liked, but that she made important changes, and the dresses were not by Givenchy."
}
] |
lNzcghlchyuV0hmyJwCr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The picture stars Humphrey Bogart, Audrey Hepburn and William Holden."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Although Edith Head won an Oscar for Best Costumes, most of Hepburn's outfits are rumored to have been created by Hubert de Givenchy and chosen personally by the star."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sabrina ( Sabrina Fair/La Vie en Rose in the United Kingdom) is a 1954 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Billy Wilder, adapted for the screen by Wilder, Samuel A. Taylor, and Ernest Lehman from Taylor's 1953 play Sabrina Fair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "In addition Sabrina was the inspiration for the successful Hindi film Yeh Dillagi (1994), although with some changes to the plot, starring Akshay Kumar, Kajol and Saif Ali Khan."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Bogart was very unhappy during the filming, convinced that he was totally wrong for this kind of film, mad at not being Wilder's first choice, and not liking Holden or Wilder."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The film began a lifelong association between Givenchy and Hepburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Eventually he would finish a scene in the morning, deliver it during lunch, and filming of it would begin in the afternoon."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "During production of the film, Hepburn and Holden entered into a brief but passionate and much-publicized love affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This was Wilder's last film released by Paramount Pictures, ending a 12-year business relationship between Wilder and the company."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Sabrina had been on the point of sailing for France, where she is to attend Le Cordon Bleu, the leading culinary school in Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "In a 1974 interview, Head stated that she was responsible for creating the dresses, with inspiration from some Givenchy designs that Hepburn liked, but that she made important changes, and the dresses were not by Givenchy."
}
] |
In the film Sabrina, Audrey Hepburn's character goes to Europe to study dancing.
| 2 | 3 |
Sabrina (1954 film)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Television series",
"text": "It was directed by Kathy Bates and featured no involvement from the Coen brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "At first, Frances McDormand was excited about working with the Coens, but was rather surprised when she found out that they wrote Marge for her."
}
] |
lOFttzcUzvwLe3LFVtDF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McDormand received the Academy Award for Best Actress and the Coens won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Wins",
"text": "Frances McDormand Academy Award for Writing, Original Screenplay – Joel and Ethan Coen"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Frances McDormand BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay – Joel and Ethan Coen"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role –"
},
{
"section_header": "Television series",
"text": "It was directed by Kathy Bates and featured no involvement from the Coen brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Wins",
"text": "Frances McDormand Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen – Joel and Ethan Coen"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Wins",
"text": "National Board of Review Award for Best Director – Joel Coen National Board of Review Award for Best Actress – Frances McDormand National Film Registry in 2006"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Wins",
"text": "New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film Satellite Award for Best Film Satellite Award for Best Director – Joel Coen Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama – Frances McDormand Saturn Award for Best Action or Adventure Film"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fargo is a 1996 black comedy thriller film written, produced and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fargo premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival, where Joel Coen won the festival's Prix de la"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "At first, Frances McDormand was excited about working with the Coens, but was rather surprised when she found out that they wrote Marge for her."
}
] |
The 1996 film Fargo stars Frances McDormand who won an Academy Award for Best Actress for the part but the role was originally written for Kathy Bates.
| 2 | 3 |
Fargo (film)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Relationship with Buddhism",
"text": "The Buddhist legends state that Ashoka converted to Buddhism, although this has been debated by a section of scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign after Buddhist influence | Violence after conversion",
"text": "According to the Ashokavadana, Ashoka resorted to violence even after converting to Buddhism."
}
] |
lOW2lo0p0Q10i9i1iLYL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ashoka (Brāhmi: 𑀅𑀲𑁄𑀓, Asoka, IAST: Aśoka, English: ), also known as Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The grandson of the founder of the Maurya Dynasty, Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka promoted the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and philosophy | Relationship with Buddhism",
"text": "The Buddhist legends state that Ashoka converted to Buddhism, although this has been debated by a section of scholars."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "However, even if Ashoka converted to Buddhism after the war, epigraphic evidence suggests that his conversion was a gradual process rather than a dramatic event."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign after Buddhist influence | Violence after conversion",
"text": "According to the Ashokavadana, Ashoka resorted to violence even after converting to Buddhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "Based on Sri Lankan tradition, some scholars – such as Eggermont – believe that Ashoka converted to Buddhism before the Kalinga war."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism | First contact with Buddhism",
"text": "The A-yu-wang-chuan states that a 7-year-old Buddhist converted Ashoka."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "Some earlier writers believed that Ashoka dramatically converted to Buddhism after seeing the suffering caused by the war, since his Major Rock Edict 13 states that he became closer to the dhamma after the annexation of Kalinga."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources of information",
"text": "The 12th-century text Rajatarangini mentions a Kashmiri king Ashoka of Gonandiya dynasty who built several stupas: some scholars, such as Aurel Stein, have identified this king with the Maurya king Ashoka; others, such as Ananda W. P. Guruge dismiss this identification as inaccurate."
},
{
"section_header": "Kalinga war and conversion to Buddhism",
"text": "On the other hand, the Sri Lankan tradition suggests that Ashoka was already a devoted Buddhist by his 8th regnal year, having converted to Buddhism during his 4th regnal year, and having constructed 84,000 viharas during his 5th–7th regnal years."
}
] |
The Indian emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Dynasty converted to Buddhism.
| 0 | 0 |
Asoka
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California."
}
] |
lOib80QKGFwo2ycMhwQ8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | New revenue streams (2013–ongoing)",
"text": "In January 2016, YouTube expanded its headquarters in San Bruno by purchasing an office park for $215 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Content accessibility | Platforms",
"text": "The mobile version is also available as an app for the Android platform."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Google (2006–2013)",
"text": "In November 2011, the Google+ social networking site was integrated directly with YouTube and the Chrome web browser, allowing YouTube videos to be viewed from within the Google+ interface."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Google (2006–2013)",
"text": "On October 9, 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13, 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Content accessibility | Platforms",
"text": "Google made YouTube available on the Roku player on December 17, 2013, and, in October 2014, the Sony PlayStation 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Content accessibility | Platforms",
"text": "On November 15, 2012, Google launched an official app for the Wii, allowing users to watch YouTube videos from the Wii channel."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Acquisition by Google (2006–2013)",
"text": "Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented: \"We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter.\" In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two billion times per day."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | YouTube Music",
"text": "On May 22, 2018, the music streaming platform named \"YouTube Music\" was launched."
},
{
"section_header": "Social impact",
"text": "The study also concluded that YouTube was becoming an important platform by which people acquire news."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "YouTube is an American online video-sharing platform headquartered in San Bruno, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion; YouTube now operates as one of Google's subsidiaries."
}
] |
YouTube is a video-sharing platform that was purchased by Google.
| 3 | 4 |
YouTube
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English phrase \"Rossum's Universal Robots\" has been used as a subtitle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It premiered on 25 January 1921 and introduced the word \"robot\" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole."
}
] |
lPkalw8CUNTz3Th5qTpK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "On 26 November 2015 The RUR-Play: Prologue, the world's first version of R.U.R. with robots appearing in all the roles, was presented during the robot performance festival of Cafe Neu Romance at the gallery of the National Library of Technology in Prague.."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots",
"text": "The Robots described in Čapek's play are not robots in the popularly understood sense of an automaton."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "One critic has described Čapek's Robots as epitomizing \"the traumatic transformation of modern society by the First World War and the Fordist assembly line.\" The work was published in Prague by Aventinum in 1920 and premiered at the city's National Theatre on 25 January 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "The play introduced the word robot, which displaced older words such as \"automaton\" or \"android\" in languages around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "She meets Domin, the General Manager of R.U.R., who tells her the history of the company: In 1920, a man named Rossum came to the island to study marine biology, and in 1932 he accidentally discovered a chemical that behaved exactly like protoplasm, except that it did not mind being knocked around."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Selver's translation abridged the play and eliminated a character, a robot named \"Damon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "In this version, Radius was played by Patrick Troughton who was later the second actor to play The Doctor in Doctor Who."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play begins in a factory that makes artificial people, called roboti (robots), from synthetic organic matter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English phrase \"Rossum's Universal Robots\" has been used as a subtitle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It premiered on 25 January 1921 and introduced the word \"robot\" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole."
}
] |
R.U.R is a sci-fi play about robots from the 1920s.
| 1 | 3 |
R.U.R.
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, Persai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus."
}
] |
lPna4Ml5Ua82V4d75dZW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Seventy years after the play was produced, the comic playwright Aristophanes mentions an apparent Athenian reproduction of The Persians in his Frogs (405 BCE)."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Aeschylus himself had fought the Persians at Marathon (490 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "\"The American Peter Sellars directed an important production of The Persians at the Edinburgh Festival and Los Angeles Festival in 1993, which articulated the play as a response to the Gulf War of 1990–1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "A 2010 translation by Aaron Poochigian included for the first time the detailed notes for choral odes that Aeschylus himself created, which directed lines to be spoken by specific parts of the chorus (strophe and antistrophe)."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "In it, he has Aeschylus describe The Persians as \"an effective sermon on the will to win."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "\"Also in 2010, Kaite O'Reilly's award-winning translation was produced on Sennybridge Training Area (a military range in the Brecon Beacons) by National Theatre Wales."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "The play was a production of the Hellenic National Theatre and was directed by Dimitrios Lignadis as part of the Epidaurus Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Using Poochigian's edition, which includes theatrical notes and stage directions, \"Persians\" was presented in a staged read-through as part of New York's WorkShop Theater Company's Spring 2011 one-act festival \" They That Have Borne the Battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The second, Phoenician Women (written in 476 BCE, four years before Aeschylus' version), treated the same historical event as Aeschylus' Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "Aeschylus was not the first to write a play about the Persians — his older contemporary Phrynichus wrote two plays about them."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, Persai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus."
}
] |
The Persians movie was produced and directed by Aeschylus.
| 2 | 5 |
The Persians
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gladiator games lasted for nearly a thousand years, reaching their peak between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD."
}
] |
lQaTwOtDdhQaMcTSlzax
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The gladiators",
"text": "Other novelties introduced around this time included gladiators who fought from chariots or carts, or from horseback."
},
{
"section_header": "Schools and training",
"text": "Gladiators were typically accommodated in cells, arranged in barrack formation around a central practice arena."
},
{
"section_header": "Schools and training",
"text": "Its replacement could have housed about 100 and included a very small cell, probably for lesser punishments and so low that standing was impossible."
},
{
"section_header": "Amphitheatres | Factions and rivals",
"text": "Many were killed or wounded. Nero banned gladiator munera (though not the games) at Pompeii for ten years as punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Amphitheatres",
"text": "scalpers\". The earliest known Roman amphitheatre was built at Pompeii by Sullan colonists, around 70 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The gladiator games lasted for nearly a thousand years, reaching their peak between the 1st century BC and the 2nd century AD."
},
{
"section_header": "The games | Life expectancy",
"text": "A natural death following retirement is also likely for three individuals who died at 38, 45, and 48 years respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "The games | Life expectancy",
"text": "Few gladiators survived more than 10 contests, though one survived an extraordinary 150 bouts; and another died at 90 years of age, presumably long after retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal and social status",
"text": "A rescript of Hadrian reminded magistrates that \"those sentenced to the sword\" (execution) should be despatched immediately \"or at least within the year\", and those sentenced to the ludi should not be discharged before five years, or three years if granted manumission."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in Roman life | Role in the military",
"text": "In AD 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, Otho's troops at Bedriacum included 2000 gladiators."
}
] |
The Gladiator games were around for 100 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Gladiator
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After World War II, Bing Crosby and Leo McCarey presented a copy of the motion picture to Pope Pius XII at the Vatican."
}
] |
lQhBVIC741xW6rOpLogj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Going My Way is a 1944 American musical comedy-drama film directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Going My Way was adapted as a radio play for the January 8, 1945, broadcast of The Screen Guild Theater starring Bing Crosby, Barry Fitzgerald and Paul Lukas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After World War II, Bing Crosby and Leo McCarey presented a copy of the motion picture to Pope Pius XII at the Vatican."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Variety liked the film, saying: \"Bing Crosby gets a tailor-made role in Going My Way, and with major assistance from Barry Fitzgerald and Rise Stevens, clicks solidly to provide top-notch entertainment for wide audience appeal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Going My Way was the highest-grossing picture of 1944, and was nominated for ten Academy Awards, winning seven, including Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"Swinging on a Star\" (Jimmy Van Heusen / Johnny Burke) sung by Bing Crosby and the Robert Mitchell Boys ChoirBing Crosby"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As a going-away present, O’Malley has sent for Fitzgibbon's mother from Ireland."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It was also adapted for the May 3, 1954, broadcast of Lux Radio Theater with Barry Fitzgerald."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" The New York Times critic Bosley Crowther criticized the film's length while lauding Crosby, and noting that \"he has been stunningly supported by Barry Fitzgerald, who plays one of the warmest characters the screen has ever known."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "\"Recitative and Habanera from Act 1 of \"Carmen\" sung by Risë Stevens \" Going My Way\" (Jimmy Van Heusen / Johnny Burke) sung by Bing Crosby, and again by Risë Stevens and the Robert Mitchell Boys Choir"
}
] |
The 1944 film Going My Way stars Bing Crosby and Barry Fitzgerald and the former presented it at the Vatican.
| 0 | 5 |
Going My Way
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal saw a recovery in commercial traffic in 2008."
}
] |
lRDry7xqJbIWHfeI4keJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal saw a recovery in commercial traffic in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "The new growth in commercial traffic is due to the rising cost of diesel fuel."
},
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "With the disappearance of commercial traffic and its replacement with recreational travel in the later 20th century, the original name returned, and Barge Canal is rarely used."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century",
"text": "The growth of railroads and highways across the state, and the opening of the Saint Lawrence Seaway, caused commercial traffic on the canal to decline dramatically during the second half of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The play also reflects the less enthusiastic view of some who saw movement on the canal as tedious."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "Since the 1990s, the canal system has been used primarily by recreational traffic, although a small but growing amount of cargo traffic still uses it."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "Today, the system is served by several commercial towing companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The middle section from Utica to Salina (Syracuse) was completed in 1820, and traffic on that section started up immediately."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The canal's peak year was 1855, when 33,000 commercial shipments took place."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Buffalo's Commercial Slip is the restored and re-watered segment of the canal which formed its \"Western Terminus\"."
}
] |
It saw a recovery in commercial traffic in 2010.
| 2 | 7 |
Erie Canal
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The grandson of a traveling preacher, Motes grew up struggling with doubts regarding salvation and original sin; following his experiences at war, Motes has become an avowed atheist and intends to spread a gospel of antireligion."
}
] |
lRIH6sivLFh8JW2fmNlc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Exiting the car to ensure he is dead, Motes is startled when the dying man begins confessing his sins to Motes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The grandson of a traveling preacher, Motes grew up struggling with doubts regarding salvation and original sin; following his experiences at war, Motes has become an avowed atheist and intends to spread a gospel of antireligion."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One night he follows Holy's \"prophet\" as he drives home (in a car resembling Motes's), which he runs off the road; when the man exits the car, the stronger, more forceful Motes threatens him and orders him to strip."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Now skeptical of her and of her father's entire ministry, Motes slips into Hawks' room one night and finds him without his sunglasses on, with perfectly intact eyes: Hawks had faltered when he had attempted to blind himself because his faith was not strong enough, and ultimately left the ministry to become a con artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The man begins to comply, but Motes is overcome by a sudden rage and repeatedly runs the man over."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "That night, Emery stalks the man to another theater, stabs him with a sharpened umbrella handle, and steals his costume."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was placed 62nd in The Guardian's list of 100 greatest novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He ultimately presents it to Sabbath Lily to give to Motes on his behalf; when Sabbath Lily appears to Motes cradling it in her arms in a parody of the Madonna and Child, Motes experiences a violent revulsion to the image and destroys the mummy, throwing its remnants out the window."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Themes of redemption, racism, sexism, and isolation also run through the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Shot mostly in Macon, Georgia, it is a fairly literal filming of the novel."
}
] |
This novel is about a man struggling with his thoughts and doubts on religion and ultimately dying.
| 2 | 3 |
Wise Blood
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "The Pope and members of his clergy, went to meet the invader to implore him to desist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun in 452 and allegedly persuaded him to turn back from his invasion of Italy."
}
] |
lRx4Jr3XDkfpsuJXc2G1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "In response, the emperor sent three envoys to negotiate with Attila: Gennadius Avienus, one of the consuls of 450, Memmius Aemilius Trygetius, the former urban prefect, and Leo."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Despite his defeat at the Battle of Chalons in 451, Attila invaded Italy in 452, sacking cities such as Aquileia and heading for Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Leo did, however, assist in rebuilding the city of Rome, restoring key places such as Saint Peter's."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Another near-contemporary was the historian Priscus who records that Attila was dissuaded from attacking Rome by his own men because they feared he would share the fate of the Visigothic king Alaric, who died shortly after sacking the city in 410."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "According to Prosper of Aquitaine who was alive at the time of the event, Attila was so impressed by Leo that he withdrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Paul the Deacon, in the late 8th century, relates that an enormously huge man dressed in priestly robes and armed with a sword, visible only to Attila, threatened him and his army with death during his discourse with Leo, and this prompted Attila to submit to his request."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Heir of Peter",
"text": "He was one of the first bishops of Rome to promote papal primacy based on succession from Peter the Apostle; and he did so as a means of maintaining unity among the churches."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "It is also certain that Attila suddenly retreated."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Teaching on Christ",
"text": "Leo defends the true divinity and the true humanity of the one Christ against heretical one-sidedness."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Little is known of the specifics of the negotiations, as a result of which Attila withdrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "The Pope and members of his clergy, went to meet the invader to implore him to desist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun in 452 and allegedly persuaded him to turn back from his invasion of Italy."
}
] |
When Attila approached Rome intent on raiding, pillaging, etc., Leo convinced him to leave.
| 2 | 3 |
Pope Leo I
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "India's population growth accelerated under the Mughal Empire, with an unprecedented economic and demographic upsurge which boosted the Indian population by 60% to 253% in 200 years during 1500–1700."
}
] |
lScMJQdSZWXOMuYONObv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Urbanization",
"text": "A number of cities in India had a population between a quarter-million and half-million people, with larger cities including Agra (in Agra Subah) with up to 800,000 people, Lahore (in Lahore Subah) with up to 700,000 people, Dhaka (in Bengal Subah) with over 1 million people, and Delhi (in Delhi Subah) with over 600,000 people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although the Mughal empire was created and sustained by military warfare, it did not vigorously suppress the cultures and peoples it came to rule; rather it equalized and placated them through new administrative practices, and diverse ruling elites, leading to more efficient, centralised, and standardized rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Labour",
"text": "Real wages and living standards in 18th-century Mughal Bengal and South India were higher than in Britain, which in turn had the highest living standards in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Urbanization",
"text": "The following table gives population estimates for the Mughal Empire, compared to the total population of India, including the regions of modern Pakistan and Bangladesh, and compared to the world population: Cities and towns boomed under the Mughal Empire, which had a relatively high degree of urbanization for its time, with 15% of its population living in urban centres."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Reduced subsequently, especially during the East India Company rule in India, to the region in and around Old Delhi, the empire was formally dissolved by the British Raj after the Indian Rebellion of 1857."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Babur and Humayun (1526–1556)",
"text": "The Sur Empire (1540–1555), founded by Sher Shah Suri (reigned 1540–1545), briefly interrupted Mughal rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "The Mughal Empire was definitive in the early-modern and modern periods of South Asian history, with its legacy in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan seen in cultural contributions such as: Centralized imperial rule that consolidated the smaller polities of South Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Military | Gunpowder warfare",
"text": "Mughal India was one of the three Islamic gunpowder empires, along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia."
},
{
"section_header": "Administrative divisions",
"text": "The subahs were established by padshah (emperor) Akbar during his administrative reforms of 1572–1580; initially, they numbered 12, but his conquests expanded the number of subahs to 15 by the end of his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Urbanization",
"text": "However, a number of cities were military and political centres, rather than manufacturing or commerce centres."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "India's population growth accelerated under the Mughal Empire, with an unprecedented economic and demographic upsurge which boosted the Indian population by 60% to 253% in 200 years during 1500–1700."
}
] |
When it was ruled by the Mughal Empire, the number of people living in India grew.
| 0 | 0 |
Mughal Empire
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923."
}
] |
lTKW7rbuJpsUfkIQ0A3s
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "Although Fall was to blame for this scandal, Harding's reputation was sullied because of his involvement with the wrong people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal has historically been regarded as the worst such scandal in the United States – the \"high water mark\" of cabinet corruption."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison",
"text": "In particular it has been compared to the Watergate scandal, in which a cabinet member, Attorney General John N. Mitchell, went to prison, the second time in American history that a member of cabinet has been incarcerated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before the Watergate scandal, Teapot Dome was regarded as the \"greatest and most sensational scandal in the history of American politics\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "This discovery broke open the scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison",
"text": "It is often used as a benchmark for comparison with subsequent scandals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies, Fall became the first presidential cabinet member to go to prison; no one was convicted of paying the bribes."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "Civil and criminal suits related to the scandal continued throughout the 1920s."
}
] |
The scandal involved the Hoover cabinet.
| 0 | 0 |
Teapot Dome scandal
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull (Russian: Чайка, romanized: Chayka) is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov, written in 1895 and first produced in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It dramatises the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplyov."
}
] |
lTQowtG0y9Q7ESQpuecI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Characters tend to speak in ways that skirt around issues rather than addressing them directly; in other words, their lines are full of what is known in dramatic practice as subtext."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though the character of Trigorin is considered Chekhov's greatest male role, like Chekhov's other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully developed characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act II",
"text": "But a man arrives by chance, and when he sees her, he destroys her, out of sheer boredom."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "Thus he acknowledged a departure from traditional dramatic action."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act IV",
"text": "Most of the play's characters go to the drawing room to play a game of bingo."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Other notable productions",
"text": "It was adapted by Eli Kent and Eleanor Bishop, who also directed it, with rehearsals and performances carried out online."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The play was also adapted as the Russian film The Seagull in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Irina Nikolayevna Arkadina – an actress Konstantin Gavrilovich Treplyov – Irina's son, a playwright"
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Boris Alexeyevich Trigorin – a well-known writer Nina Mikhailovna Zarechnaya – the daughter of a rich landowner Pjotr Nikolayevich Sorin –"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Seagull (Russian: Чайка, romanized: Chayka) is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov, written in 1895 and first produced in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It dramatises the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplyov."
}
] |
The Seagull plays out dramatic tensions amongst 3 characters.
| 0 | 0 |
The Seagull
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Pakistan banned the book in November 1988."
}
] |
lTpHuDjjXblohOSaP9ht
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "The book is seen as \"fundamentally a study in alienation.\"Muhammd"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "Pakistan banned the book in November 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Overall, the book received favourable reviews from literary critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book was banned in India as hate speech directed toward a specific religious group."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "As the controversy spread, the importing of the book was banned in India and it was burned in demonstrations in the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "Within the book he referenced everything from mythology to \"one-liners invoking recent popular culture\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As with his previous books, Rushdie used magical realism and relied on contemporary events and people to create his characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "On 12 February 1989, a 10,000-strong protest against Rushdie and the book took place in Islamabad, Pakistan."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Violence, assassinations and attempted murders",
"text": "With police protection Rushdie has thus far escaped direct physical harm, but others associated with his book have not been so lucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary criticism and analysis",
"text": "\" The work is an \"albeit surreal, record of its own author's continuing identity crisis.\" Ally said that the book reveals the author ultimately as \"the victim of nineteenth-century British colonialism.\" Rushdie himself spoke confirming this interpretation of his book, saying that it was not about Islam, \"but about migration, metamorphosis, divided selves, love, death, London and Bombay."
}
] |
The book has never been prohibited in any country.
| 3 | 6 |
The Satanic Verses
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "At Kenning's suggestion, the spelling was slightly modified in order to make the name seem less like that of a punk band."
}
] |
lU0veivrs675MOz714wF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rise to fame (1980–1983)",
"text": "The lead single, \"Photograph\", turned Def Leppard into a household name, supplanting Michael Jackson's"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Adrenalize, Clark's death, and change in musical direction (1990–1999)",
"text": "In an effort to capitalise on this new momentum, Def Leppard returned to its classic sound with the 1999 album Euphoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction",
"text": "On 13 December 2018, Def Leppard were named in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Class of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "Elliott proposed the name \"Deaf Leopard\" which was originally a band name he thought of while designing band posters in art class."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise to fame (1980–1983)",
"text": "Lange's meticulous approach in the studio helped them begin to define their sound."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "By the release of the Hysteria album, the band had developed a distinctive sound featuring electronic drums and effects-laden guitar sounds overlaid with a multi-layered wall of husky, harmonised vocals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise to fame (1980–1983)",
"text": "This incident was partially blamed on a cover story in Sounds music newspaper by the journalist Geoff Barton titled, \"Has the Leppard changed its spots?\", accusing the band of selling out to the American market."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years (1977–1979)",
"text": "At Kenning's suggestion, the spelling was slightly modified in order to make the name seem less like that of a punk band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise to fame (1980–1983)",
"text": "With their music videos becoming a staple of MTV Rolling Stone named them among the artists of the Second British Invasion."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "Taylor Swift said of the performance, \"Performing with Def Leppard was awesome!"
}
] |
Def Leppard misspell their name so it would sound not so punkish.
| 0 | 0 |
Def Leppard
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, an inmate gave Chesbro the nickname \"Happy Jack\", due to his pleasant demeanor."
}
] |
lUKgYyZIFc4QmQU94bXI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Dan Holmes, who runs the Hall of Fame's website, called Chesbro \"one of the best pitchers in the game at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Happy Jack\", Chesbro played for the Pittsburgh Pirates (1899–1902), the New York Highlanders (1903–1909), and the Boston Red Sox (1909)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "If one demarcates 1901 as the beginning of major league baseball's modern era, Jack Chesbro holds the modern era major league historical single-season records for wins by a pitcher (41), games started by a pitcher (51), and complete games pitched (48)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "There, an inmate gave Chesbro the nickname \"Happy Jack\", due to his pleasant demeanor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Tinker considered Chesbro one of the six toughest pitchers he faced in MLB."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though some pitchers have won more games in some seasons prior to 1901, historians demarcating 1901 as the beginning of 'modern-era' major league baseball refer to and credit Jack Chesbro and his 1904 win-total as the modern era major league record and its holder."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "Before the 1905 season, Chesbro announced that he had created a pitch he called the \"jump ball\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "the 1907 season, Chesbro announced that he was giving up the experimental spitball, intending to return to the \"old style of pitching\" in 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball (1899–1909)",
"text": "Chesbro pitched one game for the Red Sox, the season finale against the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1892, Chesbro began playing for a sandlot ball team in Houghtonville."
}
] |
Jack Chesbro was called Apple Jacks because he grew up on an apple orchard and he also played pitcher.
| 0 | 3 |
Jack Chesbro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
}
] |
lUW6qrSmSHd5GNis8ypZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "There are also many nautical references throughout the play either used by other characters when describing Medea or by Medea herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "Instead of being the center of the story like she is in Euripides' Medea, this version of Medea is reduced to a supporting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "Medea does not fit into the mold of a “normal woman” according to Athenian philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "In Euripides' play Medea she is a woman scorned, rejected by her husband Jason and seeking revenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "Apollonius says that Medea only helped Jason in the first place because Hera had convinced Aphrodite or Eros to cause Medea to fall in love with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "By including these references, Boedeker argues that these comparisons were used to create connections to the type of woman Medea was."
},
{
"section_header": "Mythology | Jason and Medea",
"text": "When Jason and Medea returned to Iolcus, Pelias still refused to give up his throne, so Medea conspired to have Pelias' own daughters kill him."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "The Nurse gives descriptions of Medea in the prologue, highlighting comparisons to great forces of nature and different animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "In this literary work, Medea is presented not as a powerful woman seeking justice rather she is a young woman who is desperately in love with Jason."
},
{
"section_header": "Personae of Medea",
"text": "James J. Clauss writes about this version of Medea, attempting to unearth another version of this character for scholarship and discussion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Medea (; Ancient Greek: Μήδεια, Mēdeia, Georgian: მედეა, Medea) is the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, a niece of Circe and the granddaughter of the sun god Helios."
}
] |
Medea was the grandchild of Poseidon.
| 0 | 0 |
Medea
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film's premiere was at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on November 19, 2013, and had a five-day limited release there, starting from November 22, before going into wide release."
}
] |
lUWwrcPS0hM9U2atLUUe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frozen premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on November 19, 2013, had a limited release on November 22 and went into general theatrical release on November 27."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film's premiere was at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood, California, on November 19, 2013, and had a five-day limited release there, starting from November 22, before going into wide release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An animated short sequel, Frozen Fever, premiered on March 13, 2015, an animated featurette titled Olaf's Frozen Adventure, premiered on November 22, 2017, and a feature-length sequel, Frozen II, was released on November 22, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Television broadcast",
"text": "In the UK, Frozen was broadcast on BBC One as a Freeview premiere on December 25, 2016, with 5.81 million viewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Franchise",
"text": "Disney Parks later put on a temporary event (Frozen Summer Fun) at Disney's Hollywood Studios, then announced on September 12, 2014, that the Maelstrom ride at Epcot's Norway pavilion would be closed and replaced with a Frozen-based attraction, which opened in early 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Frozen opened on Friday, November 22, 2013, exclusively at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood for a five-day limited release and earned $342,839 before its wide opening on Wednesday, November 27, 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "No pun intended. \" In a December 2014 interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Lee acknowledged that she had transitioned from thanking people when they expressed their appreciation for Frozen to having to apologize when they said \"we're still listening to those songs\" (with their children)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Calculating in all expenses, Deadline Hollywood estimated that the film made a profit of over $400 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis",
"text": "Gavin J. Blair of The Hollywood Reporter commented on the film's earnings in Japan: \"Even after its $9.6 million (￥986.4 million) three-day opening, a record bow for a Disney animation in Japan, few would have predicted the kind of numbers Frozen has now racked up."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Franchise",
"text": "On September 4, 2014, Feld Entertainment's Disney on Ice presented the world premiere of a touring ice skating show based on the film at Amway Center in Orlando, Florida."
}
] |
Frozen did premiere in Hollywood.
| 0 | 0 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
}
] |
lUn3AeFvxVQ0nWwJ0Tst
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Hugo explained his ambitions for the novel to his Italian publisher: I don't know whether it will be read by everyone, but it is meant for everyone."
},
{
"section_header": "English translations",
"text": "Published by West and Johnston publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "The former has been published in an English translation."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel is divided into five volumes, each volume divided into several books, and subdivided into chapters, for a total of 48 books and 365 chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel contains various subplots, but the main thread is the story of ex-convict Jean Valjean, who becomes a force for good in the world but cannot escape his criminal past."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The work was a commercial success and has been a popular book ever since it was published."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "Laura Kalpakian's Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was published in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Upton Sinclair described the novel as \"one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world\", and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of Les Misérables in the Preface: So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless."
}
] |
The novel was published in the 1860's.
| 5 | 6 |
Les Misérables
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lester Bowles Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Lester grew up in Aurora and attended the public school on Church Street."
}
] |
lV3tllJoN4ylU9i195Be
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nobel Peace Prize",
"text": "His Nobel medal is on permanent display in the front lobby of the Lester B. Pearson Building, the headquarters of Global Affairs Canada in Ottawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Nobel Peace Prize",
"text": "In 1957, for his role in resolving the Suez Crisis through the United Nations, Pearson was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Lester grew up in Aurora and attended the public school on Church Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lester Bowles Pearson (23 April 1897 – 27 December 1972) was a Canadian scholar, statesman, soldier, prime minister, and diplomat, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 for organizing the United Nations Emergency Force to resolve the Suez Canal Crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Nobel Peace Prize",
"text": "Pearson and UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld are considered the fathers of the modern concept of peacekeeping."
},
{
"section_header": "Nobel Peace Prize",
"text": "The selection committee argued that Pearson had \"saved the world\", but critics accused him of betraying the motherland and Canada's ties with the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Nobel Peace Prize",
"text": "Together, they were able to organize the United Nations Emergency Force by way of a five-day fly-around in early November 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Civic and civil infrastructure",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson Garden for Peace and Understanding,"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours and awards | Educational and academic institutions",
"text": "Lester B. Pearson High School lists five so-named schools, in Burlington, Calgary, Montreal, Ottawa, and Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life, family, and education",
"text": "Pearson was born in Newtonbrook in the township of York, Ontario (now a part of Toronto), the son of Annie Sarah (née Bowles) and Edwin Arthur Pearson, a Methodist (later United Church of Canada) minister."
}
] |
Nobel Peace Prize winner, Lester Bowles Pearson grew up in Ottawa, Canada.
| 0 | 1 |
Lester B. Pearson
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In humans, the kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the spine, and lie in a retroperitoneal position at a slightly oblique angle."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney."
}
] |
lVExrQMVpb3a07CtJ9Su
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Significance | Egyptian",
"text": "In ancient Egypt, the kidneys, like the heart, were left inside the mummified bodies, unlike other organs which were removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Hebrew",
"text": "According to studies in modern and ancient Hebrew, various body organs in humans and animals served also an emotional or logical role, today mostly attributed to the brain and the endocrine system."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In humans, the kidneys are located high in the abdominal cavity, one on each side of the spine, and lie in a retroperitoneal position at a slightly oblique angle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs found in vertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Regulation of osmolality",
"text": "The kidneys help maintain the water and salt level of the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Kidney injury and failure",
"text": "Generally, humans can live normally with just one kidney, as one has more functioning renal tissue than is needed to survive."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Significance | Egyptian",
"text": "Comparing this to the biblical statements, and to drawings of human body with the heart and two kidneys portraying a set of scales for weighing justice, it seems that the Egyptian beliefs had also connected the kidneys with judgement and perhaps with moral decisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis, regulating acid-base balance, electrolyte concentrations, extracellular fluid volume, and blood pressure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The kidney participates in the control of the volume of various body fluids, fluid osmolality, acid-base balance, various electrolyte concentrations, and removal of toxins."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by the position of the liver, typically results in the right kidney being slightly lower and smaller than the left, and being placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney."
}
] |
The kidney is one of the human body organs that come in a pair of identical size, shape and position in the body.
| 0 | 0 |
Kidney
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "Rosita and Eugene make a bullet to kill Negan."
}
] |
lVaTzZXC9CkCsYSrhB5z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "Rosita and Eugene make a bullet to kill Negan."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "When the bullet is blocked by Lucille, Negan's baseball bat, Negan forcefully recruits Eugene as a Savior."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 8 (2017–18)",
"text": "Negan attempts to wipe out Rick and his allies in a final battle, but Eugene thwarts his plan by sabotaging the Saviors' bullets."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 6 (2015–16)",
"text": "Although Rick's group decimate one Savior outpost, they are later caught by Negan and forced to submit to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 8 (2017–18)",
"text": "Rick then wounds Negan. Against Maggie's wishes, Negan is spared and imprisoned, ending the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 4 (2013–14)",
"text": "One by one, they reunite at Terminus, but all the group are captured for some unknown purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The international home video release were distributed by Entertainment One."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 7 (2016–17)",
"text": "Negan brutally murders Glenn and Abraham, initiating his rule over Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview | Season 8 (2017–18)",
"text": "Rick, Maggie, and Ezekiel rally their communities into war against Negan and the Saviors."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "recurring season 5) Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan: recurring season 5) Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan: The totalitarian, sociopathic leader of the Saviors. (season 7–present; special guest star season 6) recurring season 5) Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan: recurring season 5) Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan: The totalitarian, sociopathic leader of the Saviors. (season 7–present; special guest star season 6) Austin Amelio as Dwight: A ruthless and reluctant member of the Saviors. (seasons 7–8;"
}
] |
Negan is killed by one of Euguen's homemade bullets.
| 2 | 3 |
The Walking Dead (TV series)
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Lee's father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was one of the leading Cantonese opera and film actors at the time and was embarking on a year-long opera tour with his family on the eve of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong."
}
] |
lWEwlsJ0olRAiezjkp5e
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was introduced to the film industry by his father and appeared in several films as a child actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "Lee's father, Lee Hoi-chuen, was one of the leading Cantonese opera and film actors at the time and was embarking on a year-long opera tour with his family on the eve of the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Friends, students, and contemporaries",
"text": "Actor and karate champion Chuck Norris was a friend and training partner of Lee's."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "Chow's husband was a co-worker and friend of Lee's father."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1940 to 1958: Early Roles, schooling and martial arts initiation",
"text": "Lee's father Lee Hoi-chuen was a famous Cantonese opera star."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1966 to 1970: American roles and creating Jeet Kune Do",
"text": "At the time, two of Lee's martial arts students were Hollywood script writer Stirling Silliphant and actor James Coburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1940 to 1958: Early Roles, schooling and martial arts initiation",
"text": "Lee's first introduction to martial arts was through his father, from whom he learned the fundamentals of Wu-style t'ai chi ch'uan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and education | 1959 to 1964: Continuous studies and martial arts breakthrough",
"text": "Eventually, Lee's father decided his son should leave Hong Kong to pursue a safer and healthier life in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On July 20, 1973, Lee was in Hong Kong to have dinner with actor George Lazenby, with whom he intended to make a film."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal | Family",
"text": "was Ho Kom Tong. Grace Lee said her mother was English and her father was Chinese."
}
] |
Lee's father was an actor.
| 0 | 0 |
Bruce Lee
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The lasted 23 years, until 241 BC, when after immense material and human losses on both sides the Carthaginians were defeated."
}
] |
lWIDiLpb5FurMpX6vXN9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Sicily, 255–241 BC",
"text": "The next year they lost another 150 ships to a storm."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Roman victory, 243–241 BC",
"text": "After more than 20 years of war, both states were financially and demographically exhausted."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Africa | Scipio's invasion of Africa, 204–201",
"text": "An indemnity of 10,000 silver talents was to be paid over 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Interbellum, 243–218 BC | Mercenary War",
"text": "Weakened by 30 years of war, Carthage agreed rather than again enter into conflict with Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Second Punic War, 218–201 BC | Italy | Hannibal crosses the Alps, 218–217 BC",
"text": "His surprise entry into the Italian peninsula led to the cancellation of Rome's planned campaign for the year: an invasion of Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This expedition enjoyed considerable early success, but after 14 years the survivors withdrew."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course",
"text": "Land operations were largely confined to raids, sieges and interdiction; in 23 years of war on Sicily there were only two full-scale pitched battles."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Roman victory, 243–241 BC",
"text": "The immense effort of repeatedly building large fleets of galleys during the war laid the foundation for Rome's maritime dominance for 600 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Interbellum, 201–149 BC",
"text": "Over the following 48 years he repeatedly took advantage of Carthage's inability to protect its possessions."
},
{
"section_header": "First Punic War, 264–241 BC | Course | Sicily, 255–241 BC",
"text": "Repeated attempts to storm Lilybaeum's strong walls failed, as did attempts to block access to its harbour, and the Romans settled down to a siege which was to last nine years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The lasted 23 years, until 241 BC, when after immense material and human losses on both sides the Carthaginians were defeated."
}
] |
The Punic Wars did happen for twenty years.
| 2 | 6 |
Punic Wars
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yankees dedicated a plaque to Ruffing in Monument Park in 2004."
}
] |
lWUM0qNHLAYJbgl9d8i0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple settled in Long Beach, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Yankees dedicated a plaque to Ruffing in Monument Park in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "During an Old-Timers' Day ceremony held on July 10, 2004 at Yankee Stadium, the Yankees dedicated a plaque in Ruffing's memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "The plaque is displayed in Monument Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | New York Yankees | 1930–1938",
"text": "This helped Ruffing save his arm strength for the later innings of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "In 1950, Ruffing managed the Daytona Beach Islanders of the Florida State League, a Cleveland Indians' affiliate."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He won only nine games. Ruffing often had difficulty pitching more than five innings in a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "A museum in Nokomis, Illinois, the Bottomley-Ruffing-Schalk Museum, is dedicated to Ruffing and fellow Hall of Famers Ray Schalk and Jim Bottomley."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | New York Yankees | 1930–1938",
"text": "On August 13, 1932, Ruffing threw a complete game shutout and hit a home run in the tenth inning off of Washington Senators' pitcher Tommy Thomas to give the New York Yankees a 1–0 victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He pitched without earning a decision in over 23 innings pitched, and had a 6.65 earned run average (ERA)."
}
] |
Ruffing has a dedicated plaque from the Yankees in Long Beach.
| 1 | 7 |
Red Ruffing
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact."
}
] |
lXHPjuNtrVoUmYgknjPg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering present-day Giza in Greater Cairo, Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "A notable construction flanking the Giza pyramid complex is a cyclopean stone wall, the Wall of the Crow."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "Discovered by accident by the Reisner expedition, the burial was intact, though the carefully sealed coffin proved to be empty."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "Many more casing stones were removed from the great pyramids by Muhammad Ali Pasha in the early 19th century to build the upper portion of his Alabaster Mosque in Cairo, not far from Giza."
},
{
"section_header": "Pyramid complex",
"text": "The Great Pyramid is surrounded by a complex of several buildings including small pyramids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact."
},
{
"section_header": "Materials | Casing stones",
"text": "These limestone casings can still be seen as parts of these structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some of the casing stones that once covered the structure can still be seen around the base."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There are three known chambers inside the Great Pyramid."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | King's Chamber",
"text": "As the chambers were not intended to be seen, they were not finished in any way and a few of the stones still retain masons' marks painted on them."
}
] |
The Great Pyramid of Giza is mostly still intact.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Pyramid of Giza
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He taught English at Colorado Springs High School and at Colorado College."
}
] |
lXTiPiRMbVxIvQ9R8V2Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick moonlighted for The Gazette, covering sports and news until he left to work for the War Department near the conclusion of World War I. When the war was over, Frick worked in Denver for the Rocky Mountain News."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When other reporters had flown in to cover the flood their airplanes had become stuck in muddy conditions, leaving them stranded in Pueblo."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner",
"text": "Just before his announcement, the major league team owners voted that the commissioner's office should be located in a city with two major league teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick had a pilot fly him there, but instead of landing they circled low over the city while Frick took notes and photographs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick was also a broadcaster for WOR in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Frick married Eleanor Cowing in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick went to Colorado to play semipro baseball in Walsenburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his stint as a baseball player, Frick lived in Colorado Springs."
},
{
"section_header": "NL President",
"text": "The Cardinals made peace with Frick so that Dean could return to play."
},
{
"section_header": "NL President",
"text": "Frick said that there was no rule discriminating against players on the basis of race."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He taught English at Colorado Springs High School and at Colorado College."
}
] |
Frick felt there was no reason to leave the state he was employed in before the war.
| 0 | 0 |
Ford Frick
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "Looking Backward was rewritten in 1974 by American socialist science fiction writer Mack Reynolds as Looking Backward from the Year 2000."
}
] |
lYlyiNTFnDCSCYbfMleD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The novel was again serialized in China in 1898, in Zhongguo guanyin baihua bao (中國官音白話報); and in 1904, under the title Huitou kan (Looking Backward), within Xiuxiang xiaoshuo (繡像小說; Illustrated Fiction).The book remains in print in multiple editions, with one publisher alone having reissued the title in a printing of 100,000 copies in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "William Morris's 1890 utopia News from Nowhere was partly written in reaction to Bellamy's utopia, which Morris did not find congenial."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It influenced many intellectuals, and appears by title in many socialist writings of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The book gained an extensive readership in Great Britain, as well, with more than 235,000 copies sold there between its first release in 1890 and 1935.The first version of the novel published in China, heavily edited for the tastes of Chinese readers, was titled Huitou kan jilüe (回頭看記略)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "A one-act play, Bellamy's Musical Telephone, was written by Roger Lee Hall and premiered at Emerson College in Boston in 1988 on the centennial year of the novel's publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel also inspired several utopian communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "The resulting work, titled The Present as Seen by Our Descendants And a Glimpse at the Progress of the Future (\"Настоящето, разгледано от потомството ни и надничане в"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Edward Bellamy (1850–1898), a relatively unknown New England-born novelist with a history of concern with social issues, began to conceive of writing an impactful work of visionary fiction shaping the outlines of a utopian future, in which production and society were ordered for the smooth production and distribution of commodities to a regimented labor force."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "Looking Backward influenced the novel Future of a New China by Liang Qichao."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.It"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "Looking Backward was rewritten in 1974 by American socialist science fiction writer Mack Reynolds as Looking Backward from the Year 2000."
}
] |
This novel was written again by a different novelist and with a slightly altered title in the 1970s.
| 0 | 0 |
Looking Backward
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The camp was established by US President George W. Bush's administration in 2002 during the War on Terror."
}
] |
lZ70WFrsf3GajdxhGnXf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release of prisoners | Administrative Review Board",
"text": "By November 2005, 358 of the then-505 detainees held at Guantanamo Bay had Administrative Review Board hearings."
},
{
"section_header": "Release of prisoners | Administrative Review Board",
"text": "In these interviews, the detainees also extensively detailed the alleged abuse and neglect that they faced while in detention at Guantanamo Bay Prison."
},
{
"section_header": "President Obama's failed attempt to close the camp",
"text": "Some blamed Congress for the delay in closing the detention camp, while others blamed the president."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Guantanamo Bay detention camp is a United States military prison located within Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, also referred to as Guantánamo, GTMO, and Gitmo (), which is on the coast of Guantánamo Bay in Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "President Obama's failed attempt to close the camp",
"text": "He said the communications upgrade project is meant to serve the Guantanamo naval station rather than the detention camp, which Washington still \"has plans\" to close."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In April 2011, WikiLeaks began publishing 779 secret files relating to prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After Bush political appointees at the U.S. Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice advised the Bush administration that the Guantanamo Bay detention camp could be considered outside U.S. legal jurisdiction, military guards took the first twenty detainees to Camp X-Ray on 11 January 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Prisoners",
"text": "According to Chaplain Kent Svendsen who served as chaplain for the detention centers from 2004 to 2005 there were no minor detainees at the site upon starting his assignment in early 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "President Obama's failed attempt to close the camp",
"text": "The foregoing information were published because Congress had asked the administration to provide information about where and how the administration intended to hold existing and future detainees, if Guantanamo was closed."
},
{
"section_header": "Conditions | Torture",
"text": "Interrogations start at Midnight, and last 12 hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The camp was established by US President George W. Bush's administration in 2002 during the War on Terror."
}
] |
Guantanamo Bay detention camp was started by President Reagan's administration.
| 0 | 0 |
Guantanamo Bay detention camp
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chancellorsville is known as Lee's \"perfect battle\" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory."
}
] |
lZyjgBhq8yTeJZ2oZxwn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 2: Jackson's flank attack",
"text": "Eight of the 27 regiments in the corps had never been in battle before, while the remaining 21 had never been on the winning side of a battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "About 76,000 Union men faced 43,000 Confederate at the Chancellorsville front."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "Chancellorsville was the only occasion in the war in Virginia in which Confederate gunners held a decided advantage over their Federal counterparts."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Chancellorsville campaign was one of the most lopsided clashes of the war, with the Union's effective fighting force more than twice the Confederates', the greatest imbalance during the war in Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "Rodes sent his men in last and this final push, along with the excellent performance of the Confederate artillery, carried the morning battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "As they were withdrawing, the trailing elements of Sickles's corps were attacked by the Confederate brigade of Brig."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "The divisions present at Chancellorsville were those of Maj."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "Confederate guns on Hazel Grove were joined by 20 more on the Plank Road to duel effectively with the Union guns on neighboring Fairview Hill, causing the Federals to withdraw as ammunition ran low and Confederate infantrymen picked off the gun crews."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "The Confederates were resisted fiercely by the Union troops behind strong earthworks, and the fighting on May 3 was the heaviest of the campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "When comparing only the killed and wounded, there were almost no differences between the Confederate and Federal losses at Chancellorsville."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chancellorsville is known as Lee's \"perfect battle\" because his risky decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force resulted in a significant Confederate victory."
}
] |
The Battle of Chancellorsville was a Confederate win.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Chancellorsville
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lucius Benjamin \"Luke\" Appling (April 2, 1907 – January 3, 1991), nicknamed \"Old Aches and Pains\" was an American shortstop in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Chicago White Sox (1930–1950)."
}
] |
la7WPmPUwoLszuxsnaqv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1970, the Chicago chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America named Appling the greatest player in the history of the White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lucius Benjamin \"Luke\" Appling (April 2, 1907 – January 3, 1991), nicknamed \"Old Aches and Pains\" was an American shortstop in Major League Baseball who played his entire career for the Chicago White Sox (1930–1950)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was signed by the minor league Atlanta Crackers in 1930 and debuted with the Chicago White Sox later that year."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career",
"text": "Appling appeared in only six games for the White Sox in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career",
"text": "Appling hit .317 in 1937 as the White Sox finished in third place in the AL."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB playing career | Later career",
"text": "Appling had remained a solid contributor into his forties, but White Sox ownership was dedicated to a youth movement and he retired after the 1950 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Appling was a major league coach for the Cleveland Indians, Detroit Tigers, Baltimore Orioles, Athletics and White Sox during the 1960s and early 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB playing career | Legacy",
"text": "These records were later broken by Luis Aparicio, who also spent the majority of his career with the White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB playing career | Early career",
"text": "The White Sox lost more than 90 games in four of Appling's first five seasons with the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Appling was signed by the Southern League Atlanta Crackers that year."
}
] |
Luke Appling was a player for the White Sox for twenty years.
| 0 | 0 |
Luke Appling
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
laeYizaQFix5ZvqdLIqY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in New York and raised in Illinois, Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for Buffalo in 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "But on July 22, Sweeney had been drinking before the start of the game and continued drinking in the dugout between innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He then jumped to the rebel Players' League and spent 1890 with its Boston club and, after the PL folded, played the 1891 season with Cincinnati in the American Association before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Radbourn was born on December 11, 1854, in Rochester, New York, the second of eight children to Charles and Caroline (Gardner) Radbourn."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1885 season",
"text": "Radbourn pitched effectively in the majors for several more years but was not able to duplicate his success of 1883 and 1884."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Radbourn (the elder) had immigrated to the United States from Bristol, England, to find work as a butcher; Caroline followed soon after."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "He played in six games, batted .143, and never pitched an inning, but practiced so hard he developed a sore shoulder and was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "Radbourn made the major leagues in 1880 as second baseman, right fielder and change pitcher for the Buffalo Bisons of the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "so if the starting pitcher became ineffective in the late innings the change pitcher, usually playing right field, would exchange positions with the starter to try to save the game."
}
] |
Charles Radbourn played in the majors and passed away before 1898.
| 2 | 3 |
Charles Radbourn
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw has released fifteen studio albums (eleven for Curb Records, three for Big Machine Records and one for Arista Nashville)."
}
] |
lbumvH6GyQ0Atc52Ncac
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "Unlike rock music — where it is commonplace for touring bands to provide the music on albums recorded by the artist they support, country albums are typically recorded with session musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "In 2002, McGraw bucked country music traditions by recording his seventh studio album Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors with his tour band The Dancehall Doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Charitable efforts",
"text": "MusiCares supports musicians in times of need."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography | Studio albums",
"text": "Tim McGraw (1993) Not a Moment"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "Three more singles were released from Tim McGraw: \"Welcome to the Club\", \"Memory Lane\", and \"Two Steppin' Mind\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Not a Moment Too Soon",
"text": "The album sold over 6 million copies, topping the Billboard 200 and Top Country Album charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | All I Want",
"text": "The album even sold over 2 million copies in the United States and reached the Top 5 on the Billboard 200."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "None made country Top 40 and the album itself did not chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "\"Memory Lane\" had originally appeared on Keith Palmer's self-titled 1991 debut album."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Live Like You Were Dying",
"text": "In late 2004, his unlikely duet with hip hop artist Nelly on \"Over and Over\" became a crossover hit, spending 10 weeks atop the top 40 chart. \" Over and Over\" brought McGraw a success he had never previously experienced on contemporary hit radio or R&B radio, and brought both artists success neither had previously experienced in the hot adult contemporary market."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw has released fifteen studio albums (eleven for Curb Records, three for Big Machine Records and one for Arista Nashville)."
}
] |
Tim McGraw is a musician that has over a dozen albums.
| 0 | 0 |
Tim McGraw
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "To minimise the risk that another general might attempt to challenge him, Caesar passed a law that subjected governors to term limits."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Politics",
"text": "Julius Caesar is seen as the main example of Caesarism, a form of political rule led by a charismatic strongman whose rule is based upon a cult of personality, whose rationale is the need to rule by force, establishing a violent social order, and being a regime involving prominence of the military in the government."
}
] |
lcWZutkUIg3ik5alc67R
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Caesar was an accomplished author and historian as well as a statesman; much of his life is known from his own accounts of his military campaigns."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and physical appearance",
"text": "The earliest accounts of these seizures were made by the biographer Suetonius, who was born after Caesar died."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaius Julius Caesar ( SEE-zər, Latin: [ˈɡaːi.ʊs ˈjuːli.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar]; 12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination",
"text": "Plutarch writes that many Romans found the triumph held following Caesar's victory to be in poor taste, as those defeated in the civil war had not been foreigners, but instead fellow Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "In 46 BC, Caesar gave himself the title of \"Prefect of the Morals\", which was an office that was new only in name, as its powers were identical to those of the censors."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "This means that for almost two thousand years after Julius Caesar's assassination, there was at least one head of state bearing his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "After an especially great victory, army troops in the field would proclaim their commander imperator, an acclamation necessary for a general to apply to the Senate for a triumph."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the dictator."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Politics",
"text": "Julius Caesar is seen as the main example of Caesarism, a form of political rule led by a charismatic strongman whose rule is based upon a cult of personality, whose rationale is the need to rule by force, establishing a violent social order, and being a regime involving prominence of the military in the government."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leaving his command in Gaul would mean losing his immunity to criminal prosecution by his enemies; knowing this, Caesar openly defied the Senate's authority by crossing the Rubicon and marching towards Rome at the head of an army."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "To minimise the risk that another general might attempt to challenge him, Caesar passed a law that subjected governors to term limits."
}
] |
Roman general and statesman Julius Caesar made legislation for those in political office accountable to honor the duration of elected guidelines so as not to be defied and founded his reign with cruel means if necessary.
| 0 | 0 |
Julius Caesar
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis or Artemision (Greek: Ἀρτεμίσιον; Turkish: Artemis Tapınağı), also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (associated with Diana, a Roman goddess)."
}
] |
lcgodWJT6EnU7nc2fSou
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was located in Ephesus (near the modern town of Selçuk in present-day Turkey)."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis was located near the ancient city of Ephesus, about 75 kilometres (47 mi) south from the modern port city of İzmir, in Turkey."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Heraclitus deposited his book \" On Nature\" as a dedication to Artemis in the great temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis or Artemision (Greek: Ἀρτεμίσιον; Turkish: Artemis Tapınağı), also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (associated with Diana, a Roman goddess)."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Today the site lies on the edge of the modern town of Selçuk."
},
{
"section_header": "Third phase",
"text": "Pausanias (c. 2nd century AD) reports another image and altar in the temple, dedicated to Artemis Protothronia (Artemis \"of the first seat\") and a gallery of images above this altar, including an ancient figure of Nyx (the primordial goddess of Night) by the sculptor Rhoecus (6th century BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Modern archaeology cannot confirm Callimachus's Amazons, but Pausanias's account of the site's antiquity seems well-founded."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "This interpretation was rooted in Minucius Felix and Jerome's Christian attacks on pagan popular religion, and modern scholarship has cast doubt on the traditional interpretation that the statue depicts a many-breasted goddess."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Callimachus, in his Hymn to Artemis attributed the earliest temenos at Ephesus to the Amazons, whose worship he imagined already centered upon an image (bretas) of Artemis, their matron goddess."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "From the Greek point of view, the Ephesian Artemis is a distinctive form of their goddess Artemis."
}
] |
The Temple of Artemis was dedicated to a goddess and located in modern day Turkey.
| 0 | 0 |
Temple of Artemis
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is based on accounts of Mark Boal, a freelance journalist who was embedded with an American bomb squad in the war in Iraq for two weeks in 2004."
}
] |
leNKN9PNPEdwbCggQ3jS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Response among veterans",
"text": "The film was criticized by some Iraq veterans and embedded reporters for inaccurately portraying wartime conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is a 2008 American war thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow and written by Mark Boal."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "The Hurt Locker was first publicly released in Italy by Warner Bros. on October 10, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "Starting with its initial screening at the 2008 Venice International Film Festival, The Hurt Locker has earned many awards and honors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hurt Locker premiered at the 2008 Venice International Film Festival before it was released in the United States on June 26, 2009, by Summit Entertainment."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Festival screenings",
"text": "The Hurt Locker had its world premiere at the Venice International Film Festival on September 4, 2008, and the film received a 10-minute standing ovation at the end of its screening."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "The Hurt Locker was released in the United States on June 26, 2009, with a limited release at four theaters in Los Angeles and New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"A. O. Scott of The New York Times called The Hurt Locker the best American feature film yet made about the war in Iraq: \"You may emerge from The Hurt Locker shaken, exhilarated and drained, but you will also be thinking ... The movie is a viscerally exciting, adrenaline-soaked tour de force of suspense and surprise, full of explosions and hectic scenes of combat, but it blows a hole in the condescending assumption that such effects are just empty spectacle or mindless noise."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Festival screenings",
"text": "In the rest of 2008, The Hurt Locker screened at the 3rd Zurich Film Festival, the 37th Festival du Nouveau Cinéma, the 21st Mar del Plata Film Festival, the 5th Dubai International Film Festival, and the 12th Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "The Hurt Locker is based on accounts of Mark Boal, a freelance journalist who was embedded with an American bomb squad in the war in Iraq for two weeks in 2004."
}
] |
The 2008 film The Hurt Locker is inspired by news reporting in Iraq.
| 0 | 0 |
The Hurt Locker
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
lepB3Jc1u5lXTEhBi1Hz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell made his major league debut mid-season in 1920 with the World Series champion Cleveland Indians shortly after shortstop"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time. (He joined the Indians' roster after September 1 in 1920 and normally would not have been eligible to participate in post-season play, but Wilbert Robinson, manager of the Brooklyn Robins, waived the rule because of the circumstances with Chapman.) Two of his brothers, Luke Sewell and Tommy Sewell, also played major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Playing with Cleveland until 1930 and the New York Yankees from 1931 to 1933, Sewell batted .312 with 1,141 runs, 1,054 RBI, 436 doubles, 68 triples, 49 home runs, 842 bases on balls and a .391 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell also played in 1,103 consecutive games, which to that point was second only to Everett Scott."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell played in two World Series, in 1920 and 1932, winning both times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Tommy played in one game with the Chicago Cubs in 1927, and Luke played for four teams over 20 years and, as manager of the St. Louis Browns, led the team to its only pennant in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He led the school baseball team to four conference titles before joining the minor league New Orleans Pelicans in 1920, where he played a partial season before being called up to the \"big league\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "According to his obituary published in the New York Times, he played his entire Major League career using only one bat (a 40-ouncer he dubbed \"Black Betsy.\"), which he kept in shape by rubbing with a Coke bottle and seasoning with chewing tobacco."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
}
] |
Sewell played outfield for the Cleveland Indians.
| 0 | 1 |
Joe Sewell
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "Amin's family eventually decided to disconnect life support, and Amin consequently died at the hospital in Jeddah on 16 August 2003."
}
] |
lfE7pNJ7fddL0VWdWVPW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Deposition and exile",
"text": "The shakeup caused political unrest and especially angered Adrisi's followers, who believed that the car accident was a failed assassination attempt."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "After Amin's death, David Owen revealed that during his term as the British Foreign Secretary (1977 to 1979), he had proposed having Amin assassinated."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Presidency | Persecution of ethnic and political groups",
"text": "The killings, motivated by ethnic, political, and financial factors, continued throughout Amin's eight years in control."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in media and literature | Film and television dramatisations",
"text": "Yaphet Kotto portrays Amin as a charismatic, but short-tempered political and military leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Seizure of power",
"text": "He promised to release all political prisoners."
},
{
"section_header": "Erratic behaviour, self-bestowed titles and media portrayal",
"text": "Amin reportedly also boasted that he kept the decapitated heads of political enemies in his freezer, although he said that human flesh was generally \"too salty\" for his taste."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Presidency | Persecution of ethnic and political groups",
"text": "This helps explain why Amin survived eight attempted coups."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Presidency | Persecution of ethnic and political groups",
"text": "Amin recruited his followers from his own ethnic group, the Kakwas, along with South Sudanese."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Presidency | Persecution of ethnic and political groups",
"text": "Amin expropriated businesses and properties belonging to the Asians and the Europeans and handed them over to his supporters."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Presidency | Persecution of ethnic and political groups",
"text": "On 4 August 1972, Amin issued a decree ordering the expulsion of the 50,000 Asians who were British passport holders."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Illness and death",
"text": "Amin's family eventually decided to disconnect life support, and Amin consequently died at the hospital in Jeddah on 16 August 2003."
}
] |
Amin was assassinated by political rioters.
| 0 | 0 |
Idi Amin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives."
}
] |
lfF4GeNrnhApEVDZ0gYy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Boy",
"text": "When Vladimir asks what Godot does the boy tells him, \"He does nothing, sir."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Vladimir and Estragon",
"text": "\"The hat-passing game in Waiting for Godot and Lucky's inability to think without his hat on are two obvious Beckett derivations from Laurel and Hardy – a substitution of form for essence, covering for reality\", wrote Gerald Mast in The Comic Mind: Comedy and the Movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Waiting for what? Waiting for what? Godot? Perhaps."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Boy",
"text": "In both Acts, the boy seems hesitant to speak very much, saying mostly \"Yes Sir\" or \"No Sir\", and winds up exiting by running away."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "On 30 April 2009, a production with Sir Ian McKellen as Estragon and Sir Patrick Stewart as Vladimir, opened at the Haymarket Theatre in London's West End."
},
{
"section_header": "Related works",
"text": "The waiting in Godot is the wandering of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Works inspired by Godot",
"text": "In 2011, Mike Rosenthal and Jeff Rosenthal created a video game adaptation of Waiting for Godot, played in the browser."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Christian",
"text": "According to biographer Anthony Cronin, \"[Beckett] always possessed a Bible, at the end more than one edition, and Bible concordances were always among the reference books on his shelves."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Waiting for Godot is not simply a literal translation of En attendant Godot."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Godot",
"text": "The second story, according to Bair, is that Beckett once encountered a group of spectators at the French Tour de France bicycle race, who told him \"Nous attendons Godot\" – they were waiting for a competitor whose name was Godot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives."
}
] |
Waiting for Godot is a movie with Sir Anthony Hopkins and Gary Cooper.
| 0 | 0 |
Waiting for Godot
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1580–98, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558)."
}
] |
lfQQiv6IwM6cpAdNCUow
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life: 1527–44",
"text": "These men would serve Philip throughout their lives, as would Antonio Pérez, his secretary from 1541."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Portugal",
"text": "António was acclaimed King of Portugal in many cities and towns throughout the country, but members of the Council of Governors of Portugal who had supported Philip escaped to the Spanish kingdoms and declared him to be the legal successor of Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Portugal",
"text": "Philip II of Spain assumed the Portuguese throne in September 1580 and was crowned Philip I of Portugal in 1581 (recognized as king by the Portuguese Cortes of Tomar) and a near sixty-year personal union under the rule of the Philippine Dynasty began."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Under Philip II, Spain reached the peak of its power."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, honours and styles",
"text": "NOVI ORBIS REX\" (\"Philip II, King of Spain and the New World\") and \"NON SUFFICIT ORBIS\" (\"The world is not enough\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip II (Spanish: Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598) was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1580–98, as Philip I, Portuguese: Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554 to 1558)."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Portugal",
"text": "When Henry died two years after Sebastian's disappearance, three grandchildren of Manuel I claimed the throne: Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza; António, Prior of Crato; and Philip II of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life: 1527–44",
"text": "The culture and courtly life of Castile were an important influence in his early life."
},
{
"section_header": "Foreign policy",
"text": "With regard to Philip's overseas possessions, in response to the reforms imposed by the Ordenanzas, extensive questionnaires were distributed to every major town and region in New Spain called relaciones geográficas."
},
{
"section_header": "King of Portugal",
"text": "Philip II then marched into Portugal and defeated Prior António's troops in the Battle of Alcântara."
}
] |
Philip II of Spain was King of numerous regions throughout his life.
| 0 | 0 |
Philip II of Spain
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for six Oscars at the 60th Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Screenplay, Best Actress (Cher), and Best Supporting Actress (Olympia Dukakis)."
}
] |
lfhs70zjmftOFxfhQHKt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The film is also number 72 on Bravo's \"100 Funniest Movies,\" and number 41 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Nominated 2005: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes: Loretta Castorini: \"Snap out of it!\" – #96 2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) –"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated 2000: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs – #41 2002: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Passions – #17 2004: AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs: \"That's Amore\" –"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Moonstruck was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the romantic comedy genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Nominated 2008: AFI's 10 Top 10: #8 Romantic Comedy FilmInfluential film critic Roger Ebert entered the film to his \"Great Movies\" collection in June 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "Cher shines brightest of all.\" Roger Ebert, who later added the film among his \"Great Movies\" list, said: \"Reviews of the movie tend to make it sound like a madcap ethnic comedy, and that it is."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical and commercial reception",
"text": "Receiving largely positive reviews from critics, it went on to gross $80 million at the North American box office, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of its year in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was nominated for six Oscars at the 60th Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Screenplay, Best Actress (Cher), and Best Supporting Actress (Olympia Dukakis)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "In June 2008, AFI revealed its \"Ten top Ten\"—the best ten films in ten \"classic\" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ronny reacts furiously and passionately, kissing Loretta and then carrying her to his bed where they make love."
}
] |
Moonstruck was awarded with five Golden Globes making it the most awarded movie of that year.
| 0 | 0 |
Moonstruck
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506."
}
] |
lfrddiU9NuUYIPuttMJJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As head of the rising House of Habsburg during the first half of the 16th century, his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and a unified Spain with its southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Italian states",
"text": "The Crown of Aragon inherited by Charles included the Kingdom of Naples, the Kingdom of Sicily and the Kingdom of Sardinia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Spanish possessions at his accession also included the Castilian West Indies and the Aragonese Kingdoms of Naples, Sicily and Sardinia."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Burgundy and the Low Countries",
"text": "In 1506, Charles inherited his father's Burgundian territories that included Franche-Comté and, most notably, the Low Countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Burgundy and the Low Countries",
"text": "The Seventeen Provinces had been unified by Charles's Burgundian ancestors, but nominally were fiefs of either France or the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles",
"text": "Charles V accumulated a large number of titles due to his vast inheritance of Burgundian, Spanish, and Austrian realms."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Burgundy and the Low Countries",
"text": "In 1549, Charles issued a Pragmatic Sanction, declaring the Low Countries to be a unified entity of which his family would be the heirs."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Burgundy and the Low Countries",
"text": "Charles extended the Burgundian territory with the annexation of Tournai, Artois, Utrecht, Groningen, and Guelders."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign | Italian states",
"text": "As Holy Roman Emperor, Charles was sovereign in several states of northern Italy and had a claim to the Iron Crown (obtained in 1530)."
},
{
"section_header": "Heritage and early life",
"text": "For the regency and governorship of the Austrian hereditary lands, Charles named his brother Ferdinand Archduke in the Austrian lands under his authority at the Diet of Worms (1521)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles V (24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519, King of Spain (Castile and Aragon) from 1516, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506."
}
] |
Charles V had multiple titles in which his dominions in Europe included the Holy Roman Empire, extending from Germany to northern Italy with direct rule over the Austrian hereditary lands and the Burgundian Low Countries, and a unified Spain with its southern Italian kingdoms of Naples, Sicily, and Sardinia.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau was born at home at 5779 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal, Canada, on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile \"Charley\" Trudeau (1887–1935), a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian descent."
}
] |
lg6VCeizMoFmE8DI0rwg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Ontario: École élémentaire Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Toronto. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, St. Thomas. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Markham. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Oshawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau was born at home at 5779 Durocher Avenue, Outremont, Montreal, Canada, on October 18, 1919, to Charles-Émile \"Charley\" Trudeau (1887–1935), a French-Canadian businessman and lawyer, and Grace Elliott, who was of mixed Scottish and French-Canadian descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau Speaks Out on Meech Lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Honorary Degrees Geographic locationsBritish Columbia: Mount Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Premier Range, Cariboo MountainsSchoolsManitoba: Collège Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Winnipeg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Joseph Philippe Pierre Yves Elliott Trudeau ( TROO-doh, troo-DOH,"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Quebec: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Blainville."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Quebec: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Gatineau."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "ParksOntario: Pierre Elliot Trudeau Park, Vaughan, Ontario – park also has a statue of Trudeau."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | World affairs",
"text": "Lennon said, after talking with Trudeau for 50 minutes, that Trudeau was \"a beautiful person\" and that \"if all politicians were like Pierre Trudeau, there would be world peace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Multiculturalism",
"text": "On October 8, 1971, Pierre Trudeau introduced the Multiculturalism Policy in the House of Commons."
}
] |
Pierre Trudeau had French roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Pierre Trudeau
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He regularly stole 40 or more bases and maintained a favorable steal percentage; in 1922 he stole 51 bases and was caught only twice."
}
] |
lgHxODMWQS8hufUQQDlH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He used the name \"Max Carey\" in order to retain his amateur status at Concordia College."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was survived by his wife, Aurelia, and a son, Max Jr."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "In 1924, Carey altered his batting stance based on Ty Cobb's."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maximillian George Carnarius (January 11, 1890 – May 30, 1976), known as Max George Carey, was an American professional baseball center fielder and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He regularly stole 40 or more bases and maintained a favorable steal percentage; in 1922 he stole 51 bases and was caught only twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "In 1913, Carey led the National League in plate appearances (692), at bats (620), runs scored (99), and stolen bases (61)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "He had a .298 batting average with 86 stolen bases in 96 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor league baseball",
"text": "Carey found Aggie Grant, South Bend's manager, and convinced Grant to give him the opportunity to fill in for the remainder of the season, based on his track-and-field skills."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He led the league in stolen bases eight times, including each season between 1922 and 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His mark of 738 stolen bases remained a National League record, until Lou Brock surpassed it in 1974.When Carey was young, his mother sewed special pads into his uniform to protect his legs and hips while sliding."
}
] |
Max Carey was famously bad at thieving bases.
| 0 | 0 |
Max Carey
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gehrig was born in 1903 at 309 East 94th Street in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan; he weighed almost 14 pounds (6.4 kg) at birth."
}
] |
lgTl2NazuCnkP9NJ8sYN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "The 1978 TV movie A Love Affair: The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig Story starred Blythe Danner and Edward Herrmann as Eleanor and Lou Gehrig."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "The life of Lou Gehrig was the subject of the 1942 film The Pride of the Yankees, starring Gary Cooper as Gehrig and Teresa Wright as his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Following his retirement from baseball, Lou Gehrig wrote, \"Don't think I am depressed or pessimistic about my condition at present\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given annually to the MLB player who best exhibits Gehrig's integrity and character."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His name was often anglicized to Henry Louis Gehrig and he was known as \"Lou\" so he would not be confused with his identically named father, who was known as Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "\"Yankees Manager Joe McCarthy, struggling to control his emotions, then spoke of Lou Gehrig, with whom he had a close, almost father-and-son–like bond."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | \"The luckiest man on the face of the earth\"",
"text": "\"I Love You Truly\" and the crowd chanted, \"We love you, Lou\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life | Death",
"text": "Today the ALS treatment and research center at his alma mater, Columbia University is named The Eleanor and Lou Gehrig ALS Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | Illness",
"text": "Murphy said, \"Nice play, Lou.\" Lou's reply was very dismissive."
},
{
"section_header": "Film and other media",
"text": "In 2006, researchers presented a paper to the American Academy of Neurology, reporting on an analysis of Rawhide and photographs of Lou Gehrig from the 1937–1939 period, to ascertain when Gehrig began to show visible symptoms of ALS."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gehrig was born in 1903 at 309 East 94th Street in the Yorkville neighborhood of Manhattan; he weighed almost 14 pounds (6.4 kg) at birth."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig was a large baby.
| 0 | 0 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dedicated to \"Ianthe\", it describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man, who is disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry and looks for distraction in foreign lands."
}
] |
lgvVuFnLAzvaa5DOmcVr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The youthful Harold, cloyed with the pleasures of the world and reckless of life, wanders about Europe, making his feelings and ideas the subjects of the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | The Byronic hero",
"text": "Once Byron's poem had launched the heroic prototype, it went on to be an influence on Alexander Pushkin's Eugene Onegin (1825 – 32), where the poem's protagonist is compared several times to Childe Harold."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Music",
"text": "le genre du Child-Harold de Byron)."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Throughout the poem, Byron, in character of Childe Harold, regretted his wasted early youth, hence re-evaluating his life choices and re-designing himself through going on the pilgrimage, during which he lamented various historical events including the Iberian Peninsular War among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Imitations",
"text": "Canto II were published under the title \"Childe Harold in Boetia\" in The Galaxy.."
},
{
"section_header": "Imitations",
"text": "Childe Harold in the Shades: An Infernal Romaunt (London 1819), displays much the same sentiments."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Music",
"text": "The first two cantos of the poem were launched under the title Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage: A Romaunt, and other poems."
},
{
"section_header": "Imitations",
"text": "Pilgrimage to the Dead Sea (and other poems)."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Painting",
"text": "referencing Byron’s poem in its title"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Music",
"text": "Hector Berlioz recorded in his memoires that, in composing Harold en Italie (1834), he wished to draw on memories of his wanderings in the Abruzzi, making of the solo for viola at its start \"a sort of melancholic reverie in the manner of Byron’s Childe Harold\" (une sorte de rêveur mélancolique dans"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dedicated to \"Ianthe\", it describes the travels and reflections of a world-weary young man, who is disillusioned with a life of pleasure and revelry and looks for distraction in foreign lands."
}
] |
Harold in the poem is an angel in search of his wings.
| 1 | 5 |
Childe Harold's Pilgrimage
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 – November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal."
}
] |
lgzIg6H0ntfFtOLjd29k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Teapot Dome scandal",
"text": "Albert Fall died on November 30, 1944, after a long illness, in El Paso, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "In the general election he overcame a bitter challenge from Democrat William B. Walton, even though Fall never made a campaign speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Fall also had a home in El Paso, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "It was widely known that he made a political alliance with Thomas B. Catron, the man who served alongside him, to ensure that both would be elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He served in the New Mexico House of Representatives from 1891 to 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Murder on the White Sands: The Disappearance of Albert and Henry Fountain by Corey Recko, 2007, University of North Texas Press"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "In the Senate, Fall served as chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce and Labor, was noted for his support of the suffrage movement and his extreme isolationist tendencies when the U.S. entered World War I. As a leading antagonist to Democratic President Woodrow Wilson, Fall was permitted to visit the stricken President in his White House bedroom in October 1919, hoping to gauge whether the Chief Executive was well enough to remain in office."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "On May 7, 1883, Fall married Emma Garland Morgan in Clarksville, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Albert Jennings Fountain murder case",
"text": "Fall and his neighbor, Oliver M. Lee, were land owners in the area and were rivals to attorney Albert Jennings Fountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "\"I have been praying for you, Sir,\" Fall sought to offer sincerely. \" Which way, Senator?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 – November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal."
}
] |
Albert B. Fall had a house in Texas and was a Senator for Arizona.
| 0 | 0 |
Albert B. Fall
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], \"Potbelly Hill\") is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey approximately 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa."
}
] |
lhNPyex7vjAqNc2vSAxq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is approximately 760 m (2,500 ft) above sea level."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "So far none of the smaller sites are so old as the lowest Level III of Göbekli Tepe, but contemporary with its younger Level II (mostly rectangular buildings, though Harbetsuvan is circular)."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Schmidt considered Göbekli Tepe a central location for a cult of the dead and that the carved animals are there to protect the dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Chronological context",
"text": "Through the radiocarbon method, the end of Layer III can be fixed at about 9000 BCE (see above), but it is hypothesized by some archaeologists that the elevated location may have functioned as a spiritual center during 10,000 BCE or earlier, essentially, at the very end of the Pleistocene."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe follows a geometric pattern."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex | Layer III",
"text": "Few humanoid figures have appeared in the art at Göbekli Tepe."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Some researchers believe that the construction of Göbekli Tepe may have contributed to the later development of urban civilization, or, as excavator Klaus Schmidt put it, \"First came the temple, then the city.\" In addition to its large dimensions, the side-by-side existence of multiple pillar shrines makes the location unique."
},
{
"section_header": "Complex",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe is on a flat and barren plateau, with buildings fanning in all directions."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation",
"text": "Schmidt's view was that Göbekli Tepe is a stone-age mountain sanctuary."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance",
"text": "Ian Hodder of Stanford University said, \"Göbekli Tepe changes everything\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], \"Potbelly Hill\") is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey approximately 12 km (7 mi) northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa."
}
] |
Göbekli Tepe is not located in France and is about 2500 feet above sea level.
| 0 | 5 |
Göbekli Tepe
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rimsky-Korsakov's techniques of composition and orchestration were further enriched by his exposure to the works of Richard Wagner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, IPA: [nʲɪkəˈlaj ɐnˈdrʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈrʲimskʲɪj ˈkorsəkəf] (listen); 18 March 1844 – 21 June 1908) was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five."
}
] |
liASRDUZ5N5N4GWhdidm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "He studied at the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Saint Petersburg and, at 18, took his final examination in April 1862."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Increasing conservatism; second creative drought",
"text": "In March 1889, Angelo Neumann's traveling \"Richard Wagner Theater\" visited Saint Petersburg, giving four cycles of Der Ring des Nibelungen there under the direction of Karl Muck."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rimsky-Korsakov's techniques of composition and orchestration were further enriched by his exposure to the works of Richard Wagner."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Students",
"text": "Viewed against the background of Stasov's predictions, there could scarcely be any greater irony.\" Rimsky-Korsakov taught theory and composition to 250 students over his 35-year tenure at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory, \"enough to people a whole 'school' of composers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Rimsky-Korsakov was born in Tikhvin, 200 kilometers (120 miles) east of Saint Petersburg, into a Russian noble family."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Belyayev circle",
"text": "Unlike The Five, these composers also believed in the necessity of an academic, Western-based background in composition—which Rimsky-Korsakov had instilled in his years at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Andrei went on to serve in the Interior Ministry of the Russian Empire, then as the vice-governor of Novgorod, and then in the Volhynian Governorate."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Mentored by Balakirev; time with The Five",
"text": "Its first performance came in December of that year under Balakirev's direction in Saint Petersburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While Rimsky-Korsakov's style was based on those of Glinka, Balakirev, Hector Berlioz, Franz Liszt and, for a brief period, Wagner, he \"transmitted this style directly to two generations of Russian composers\" and influenced non-Russian composers including Maurice Ravel, Claude Debussy, Paul Dukas, and Ottorino Respighi."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Increased contact with Tchaikovsky",
"text": "Even so, when Tchaikovsky attended Rimsky-Korsakov's nameday party in May 1893, Rimsky-Korsakov asked Tchaikovsky personally if he would conduct four concerts of the Russian Musical Society in Saint Petersburg the following season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, IPA: [nʲɪkəˈlaj ɐnˈdrʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ˈrʲimskʲɪj ˈkorsəkəf] (listen); 18 March 1844 – 21 June 1908) was a Russian composer, and a member of the group of composers known as The Five."
}
] |
Russian composer Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov was inspired by Richard Wagner went to the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Saint Petersburg.
| 0 | 0 |
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Another adaptation, The Sound and the Fury (2014), was directed by James Franco and starred Franco as Benjy Compson, Jacob Loeb as Quentin Compson, Joey King as Miss Quentin, Tim Blake Nelson as Mr. Compson, Loretta Devine as Dilsey, Ahna O'Reilly as Caddy Compson, Scott Haze as Jason Compson, Kylen Davis as Luster, Seth Rogen as a Telegraph Operator, Danny McBride as a Sheriff, and Logan Marshall-Green as Dalton Ames."
}
] |
liEEAwDMly8hipYHlUMY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The movie bears little resemblance to the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Another adaptation, The Sound and the Fury (2014), was directed by James Franco and starred Franco as Benjy Compson, Jacob Loeb as Quentin Compson, Joey King as Miss Quentin, Tim Blake Nelson as Mr. Compson, Loretta Devine as Dilsey, Ahna O'Reilly as Caddy Compson, Scott Haze as Jason Compson, Kylen Davis as Luster, Seth Rogen as a Telegraph Operator, Danny McBride as a Sheriff, and Logan Marshall-Green as Dalton Ames."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A film adaptation was released in 1959 directed by Martin Ritt and starring Yul Brynner, Joanne Woodward, Margaret Leighton, Stuart Whitman, Ethel Waters, Jack Warden, and Albert Dekker."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a widely influential work of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is a novel by the American author William Faulkner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Published in 1929, The Sound and the Fury was Faulkner's fourth novel, and was not immediately successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Sound and the Fury is set in Jefferson, Mississippi, in the first third of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "In 1945, Faulkner wrote a \"Compson Appendix\" to be included with future printings of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Limited edition",
"text": "In 2012, The Folio Society released an edition, limited to 1,480 copies, of The Sound and the Fury."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 4: April 8, 1928",
"text": "He therefore sets off once again to find her on his own, but loses her trail in nearby Mottson, and gives her up as gone for good."
}
] |
The Sound and the Fury was adapted into a movie once.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sound and the Fury
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "n. m. debris, rubbish , refuseMussorgsky apparently did not take the new spelling seriously, and played on the \"rubbish\" connection in letters to Vladimir Stasov and to Stasov's family, routinely signing his name Musoryanin, roughly \"garbage-dweller\" (compare dvoryanin: \" nobleman\").The first syllable of the name originally received the stress (i.e., MÚS-ər-skiy), and does so to this day in Russia, including the composer's home district."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The addition of the \"g\" to the name was likely initiated by the composer's elder brother Filaret to obscure the resemblance of the name's root to an unsavory Russian word: мусoр (músor) —"
}
] |
liPMVCIrFv8UMbAOmWfk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Peak",
"text": "Mussorgsky's career as a civil servant was by no means stable or secure: though he was assigned to various posts and even received a promotion in these early years, in 1867 he was declared 'supernumerary' – remaining 'in service', but receiving no wages."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Decline",
"text": "Mussorgsky, like others of 'The Five', was perceived as extremist by the Emperor and much of his court."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Decline",
"text": "While Mussorgsky suffered personally from alcoholism, it was also a behavior pattern considered typical for those of Mussorgsky's generation who wanted to oppose the establishment and protest through extreme forms of behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "sound. 'Modest' is the Russian form of the name 'Modestus' which means 'moderate' or 'restrained' in Late Latin."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "His skills as a pianist made him much in demand by fellow-cadets; for them he would play dances interspersed with his own improvisations."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Gerald Abraham, a musicologist, and an authority on Mussorgsky: \"As a musical translator of words and all that can be expressed in words, of psychological states, and even physical movement, he is unsurpassed; as an absolute musician he was hopelessly limited, with remarkably little ability to construct pure music or even a purely musical texture.\" Mussorgsky's tone poem Night On Bald Mountain was used in the 1940 animated film Fantasia, accompanied by an animation of Chernobog summoning evil spirits on a mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Decline",
"text": "Aware of his destitution, one group of friends organised a stipend designed to support the completion of Khovanshchina; another group organised a similar fund to pay him to complete The Fair at Sorochyntsi."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Contemporary opinions of Mussorgsky as a composer and person varied from positive to ambiguous to negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Peak",
"text": "This work marked an extreme position in Mussorgsky's pursuit of naturalistic word-setting: he abandoned it unorchestrated after reaching the end of his 'Act 1', and though its characteristically 'Mussorgskyian' declamation is to be heard in all his later vocal music, the naturalistic mode of vocal writing more and more became merely one expressive element among many."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The addition of the \"g\" to the name was likely initiated by the composer's elder brother Filaret to obscure the resemblance of the name's root to an unsavory Russian word: мусoр (músor) —"
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "n. m. debris, rubbish , refuseMussorgsky apparently did not take the new spelling seriously, and played on the \"rubbish\" connection in letters to Vladimir Stasov and to Stasov's family, routinely signing his name Musoryanin, roughly \"garbage-dweller\" (compare dvoryanin: \" nobleman\").The first syllable of the name originally received the stress (i.e., MÚS-ər-skiy), and does so to this day in Russia, including the composer's home district."
}
] |
Mussorgsky's surname is similar to a word that means a person without much money.
| 1 | 4 |
Modest Mussorgsky
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1785, the Dutch chemist Martinus van Marum was conducting experiments involving electrical sparking above water when he noticed an unusual smell, which he attributed to the electrical reactions, failing to realize that he had in fact created ozone."
}
] |
lipqPD2K2N6UL3OkuDLj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nomenclature",
"text": "The name ozone derives from ozein (ὄζειν), the Greek verb for smell, referring to ozone's distinctive smell."
},
{
"section_header": "Ozone in Earth's atmosphere | Ozone layer | Location and production",
"text": "In the second half of the 20th Century the amount of ozone in the stratosphere was discovered to be declining, mostly because of increasing concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and similar chlorinated and brominated organic molecules."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Ozone air pollution",
"text": "Victorian Britons considered the resulting smell \"bracing\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a pale blue gas with a distinctively pungent smell."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Ozone air pollution",
"text": "In fact, the characteristic \"smell of the sea\" is caused by dimethyl sulfide, a chemical generated by phytoplankton."
},
{
"section_header": "Health effects | Ozone air pollution",
"text": "In the Victorian era, one British folk myth held that the smell of the sea was caused by ozone."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Much of ozone's appeal seems to have resulted from its \"fresh\" smell, which evoked associations with purifying properties."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1839, he succeeded in isolating the gaseous chemical and named it \"ozone\", from the Greek word ozein (ὄζειν) meaning \"to smell\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Seaside air was considered to be healthy because of its believed ozone content; but the smell giving rise to this belief is in fact that of halogenated seaweed metabolites."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A half century later, Christian Friedrich Schönbein noticed the same pungent odour and recognized it as the smell often following a bolt of lightning."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1785, the Dutch chemist Martinus van Marum was conducting experiments involving electrical sparking above water when he noticed an unusual smell, which he attributed to the electrical reactions, failing to realize that he had in fact created ozone."
}
] |
Ozone was discovered because of its peculiar smell.
| 1 | 5 |
Ozone
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Rayleigh and Ramsay received the 1904 Nobel Prizes in Physics and in Chemistry, respectively, for their discovery of the noble gases; in the words of J. E. Cederblom, then president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, \"the discovery of an entirely new group of elements, of which no single representative had been known with any certainty, is something utterly unique in the history of chemistry, being intrinsically an advance in science of peculiar significance\"."
}
] |
lj40HGQ6tbTRFgRvHXVc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1902, having accepted the evidence for the elements helium and argon, Dmitri Mendeleev included these noble gases as group 0 in his arrangement of the elements, which would later become the periodic table."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The noble gases (historically also the inert gases; sometimes referred to as aerogens) make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monatomic gases with very low chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Radon was first identified in 1898 by Friedrich Ernst Dorn, and was named radium emanation, but was not considered a noble gas until 1904 when its characteristics were found to be similar to those of other noble gases."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Similar conditions were used to obtain the first few compounds of argon in 2000, such as argon fluorohydride (HArF), and some bound to the late transition metals copper, silver, and gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "It was the insight that xenon has an ionization potential similar to that of the oxygen molecule that led Bartlett to attempt oxidizing xenon using platinum hexafluoride, an oxidizing agent known to be strong enough to react with oxygen."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "The macroscopic physical properties of the noble gases are dominated by the weak van der Waals forces between the atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Configuration",
"text": "However, heavier noble gases such as radon are held less firmly together by electromagnetic force than lighter noble gases such as helium, making it easier to remove outer electrons from heavy noble gases."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "The noble gases up to xenon have multiple stable isotopes."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties",
"text": "The noble gases are colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonflammable under standard conditions."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "In addition to these ions, there are many known neutral excimers of the noble gases."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Rayleigh and Ramsay received the 1904 Nobel Prizes in Physics and in Chemistry, respectively, for their discovery of the noble gases; in the words of J. E. Cederblom, then president of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, \"the discovery of an entirely new group of elements, of which no single representative had been known with any certainty, is something utterly unique in the history of chemistry, being intrinsically an advance in science of peculiar significance\"."
}
] |
Noble gases share similar properties and have no odor.
| 1 | 2 |
Noble gas
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, all sources agree that he was a former gladiator and an accomplished military leader."
}
] |
ljELm6U4VgzuABlKHD70
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Appian says he was \"a Thracian by birth, who had once served as a soldier with the Romans, but had since been a prisoner and sold for a gladiator\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Florus described him as one \"who, from a Thracian mercenary, had become a Roman soldier, that had deserted and became enslaved, and afterward, from consideration of his strength, a gladiator\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Servile War",
"text": "Plutarch, Appian and Florus all claim that Spartacus died during the battle, but Appian also reports that his body was never found."
},
{
"section_header": "Enslavement and escape",
"text": "In 73 BC, Spartacus was among a group of gladiators plotting an escape."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "Arthur Koestler wrote a novel about Spartacus called The Gladiators."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Spartacus is otherwise manifested in the Black Sea region."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Plutarch also writes that Spartacus' wife, a prophetess of the Maedi tribe, was enslaved with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Greek essayist Plutarch describes Spartacus as \"a Thracian of Nomadic stock\", in a possible reference to the Maedi tribe."
},
{
"section_header": "Enslavement and escape",
"text": "He was a heavyweight gladiator called a murmillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Third Servile War",
"text": "They spent the winter of 73–72 BC training, arming and equipping their new recruits, and expanding their raiding territory to include the towns of Nola, Nuceria, Thurii and Metapontum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, all sources agree that he was a former gladiator and an accomplished military leader."
}
] |
Spartacus was a gladiator and was never involved with the armed forces at any point in his life.
| 1 | 5 |
Spartacus
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a blue-silvery appearance when oxidation is removed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early studies and naming",
"text": "Alchemists burned zinc metal in air and collected the resulting zinc oxide on a condenser."
}
] |
ljJxNKDVTCeUbp0lO5YG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characteristics | Occurrence",
"text": "The element is normally found in association with other base metals such as copper and lead in ores."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In some respects, zinc is chemically similar to magnesium: both elements exhibit only one normal oxidation state (+2), and the Zn2+ and Mg2"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early studies and naming",
"text": "Alchemists burned zinc metal in air and collected the resulting zinc oxide on a condenser."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient use",
"text": "The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zinc is a slightly brittle metal at room temperature and has a blue-silvery appearance when oxidation is removed."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Mining and processing",
"text": "Pyrometallurgy reduces zinc oxide with carbon or carbon monoxide at 950 °C (1,740 °F) into the metal, which is distilled as zinc vapor to separate it from other metals, which are not volatile at those temperatures."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient use",
"text": "One estimate is that this location produced an estimated million tonnes of metallic zinc and zinc oxide from the 12th to 16th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Isolation",
"text": "Flemish metallurgist and alchemist P. M. de Respour reported that he had extracted metallic zinc from zinc oxide in 1668."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table."
}
] |
The element zinc is a bittle metal and does not oxidize.
| 0 | 0 |
Zinc
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was based on the notorious murder of Grace Brown in 1906 and the trial of her lover."
}
] |
ljaJVuGxl3LmAcPk0nqO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An American Tragedy is a 1925 novel by American writer Theodore Dreiser."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "The cases were so similar that the press at the time dubbed the Edwards/McKechnie murder \"The American Tragedy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In April 1929, Dreiser agreed that German director Erwin Piscator should produce a stage version of An American Tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In the 1940s, the novel inspired an episode of the award-winning old-time radio comedy Our Miss Brooks, an episode known as \"Weekend at Crystal Lake,\" or \"An American Tragedy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Further television or film adaptations of An American Tragedy have been produced in Brazil (Um Lugar ao Sol, TV series, 1959, director: Dionísio Azevedo), Italy (\"it: Una tragedia americana\", Rai 1, 1962, regista: Anton Giulio Majano), Czechoslovakia ("
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "This pattern of personal irresponsibility and panicked decision-making in Clyde's life recurs in the story, culminating in the central tragedy of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and characteristics",
"text": "The novel is a tragedy in the strict sense, Clyde's destruction being the consequence of his innate weaknesses: moral and physical cowardice, lack of scruple and self-discipline, muddled intellect, and unfocused ambition; additionally, the effect of his ingratiating (Dreiser uses the word \"soft\") social manner places temptation in his way which he cannot resist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was based on the notorious murder of Grace Brown in 1906 and the trial of her lover."
}
] |
An American Tragedy was about a hurricane in Florida.
| 0 | 0 |
An American Tragedy
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The first television version, recorded on videotape and starring Shirley Booth, was broadcast on December 8, 1966, as part of CBS Playhouse."
}
] |
lkFk4niUDQ0L78cKDyyC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He and Laura share a quiet dance, in which he accidentally brushes against her glass menagerie, knocking a glass unicorn to the floor and breaking off its horn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The story is also written from narrator Tom Wingfield, and many of his soliloquies from The Glass Menagerie seem lifted straight from this original."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie opened on Broadway in the Playhouse Theatre on March 31, 1945, and played there until June 29, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "In October 2016, it was announced that The Glass Menagerie would be returning to the West End, opening in February 2017 at the Duke of York's Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": ", Kiefer Sutherland returned to his theatrical roots, starring with his mother, Canadian actress Shirley Douglas, in a Canadian production of The Glass Menagerie at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The first television version, recorded on videotape and starring Shirley Booth, was broadcast on December 8, 1966, as part of CBS Playhouse."
}
] |
The Glass Menagerie was adapted to TV.
| 0 | 0 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Science
| 10 |
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "However, the structures for excreting salt to maintain osmoregulation are typically more complex."
}
] |
lkJZgCyJkCPcqu3QIlbi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Digestive system",
"text": "The last portion of the intestine is lined by cuticle, forming a rectum, which expels waste through the anus just below and in front of the tip of the tail."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "Nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form of ammonia through the body wall, and is not associated with any specific organs."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "Due to the lack of knowledge regarding many nematodes, their systematics is contentious."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "A complete checklist of the world's nematode species can be found in the World Species Index: Nematoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "A major effort to improve the systematics of this phylum is in progress and being organised by the 959 Nematode Genomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "The Secernentea—a group that includes virtually all major animal and plant 'nematode' parasites—apparently arose from within the Adenophorea."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "The old group \"Chromadoria\" seems to be another paraphyletic assemblage, with the Monhysterida representing a very ancient minor group of nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "The juvenile nematodes then ingest the parent nematode."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Heterodera (soybean cyst nematodes), Longidorus, Meloidogyne (root-knot nematodes), Nacobbus, Pratylenchus (lesion nematodes), Trichodorus, and Xiphinema (dagger nematodes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "The most common genera are Aphelenchoides (foliar nematodes), Ditylenchus, Globodera (potato cyst nematodes),"
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "However, the structures for excreting salt to maintain osmoregulation are typically more complex."
}
] |
Some Nematodes expel sodium chloride as waste.
| 4 | 10 |
Nematoda
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress returned territories to the Ottoman Empire that the earlier treaty had given to the Principality of Bulgaria, most notably Macedonia, thus setting up a strong revanchist demand in Bulgaria, which led to the 1912 First Balkan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, most of the participants were not fully satisfied, and grievances on the results festered until they exploded in the First and the Second Balkan Wars in 1912–1913 and eventually the First World War in 1914."
}
] |
lkQgYKEPfxyjrhs7c9NZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a result, Ottoman lands in Europe declined sharply, Bulgaria was established as an independent principality within the Ottoman Empire, Eastern Rumelia was restored to the Ottoman Empire under a special administration and the region of Macedonia was returned outright to the Ottoman Empire, which promised reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Congress returned territories to the Ottoman Empire that the earlier treaty had given to the Principality of Bulgaria, most notably Macedonia, thus setting up a strong revanchist demand in Bulgaria, which led to the 1912 First Balkan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, most of the participants were not fully satisfied, and grievances on the results festered until they exploded in the First and the Second Balkan Wars in 1912–1913 and eventually the First World War in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Russia agreed that Macedonia, the most important strategic section of the Balkans, was too multinational to be part of Bulgaria and permitted it to remain under the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Great powers in Balkans",
"text": "The Balkans were a major stage for competition between the European great powers in the second half of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Problems in the alliances in Europe before the First World War were thus noticeable."
},
{
"section_header": "Great powers in Balkans",
"text": "Ottoman brutality in the Serbian–Ottoman War and the violent suppression of the Herzegovina Uprising fomented political pressure within Russia, which saw itself as the protector of the Serbs, to act against the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It effectively disavowed Russia's victory over the decaying Ottoman Empire during the Russo-Turkish War."
},
{
"section_header": "Bismarck as host",
"text": "Both were able to persuade other European leaders that a free and independent Bulgaria would greatly improve the security risks posed by a disintegrating Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Russia kept South Bessarabia, which it had annexed in the Russo-Turkish War, but the Bulgarian state that it had created was first bisected and then divided again into the Principality of Bulgaria and Eastern Rumelia, both of which were given nominal autonomy, under the control of the Ottoman Empire."
}
] |
Ottoman empire fell quickly after Bulgaria was established before the Second Balkan War in 1916.
| 0 | 2 |
Congress of Berlin
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment."
}
] |
lkhQMmvY5BlfYCm2AYYy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1980s",
"text": "In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California State historical landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s",
"text": "The HP 9800 series of technical desktop computers started in 1975 with the 9815, and the cheaper HP series 80, again of technical computers, started in 1979 with the 85."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970s",
"text": "Wozniak said that HP \"turned him down five times\", but that his loyalty to HP made him hesitant to start Apple with Steve Jobs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2005",
"text": "Compaq itself had bought Tandem Computers in 1997 (which had been started by ex-HP employees), and Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The HP Garage at 367 Addison Avenue is now designated an official California Historical Landmark, and is marked with a plaque calling it the \"Birthplace of 'Silicon Valley'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1938, Packard and Hewlett began part-time work in a rented garage with an initial capital investment of US$538."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate social responsibility",
"text": "In an April 2010 San Francisco Chronicle article, HP was one of 12 companies commended for \"designing products to be safe from the start, following the principles of green chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with past professor Frederick Terman at Stanford during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities",
"text": "Its Latin America offices are in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, Florida, U.S., near Miami; Its Europe offices are in Meyrin, Switzerland, near Geneva, but it has also a research center in the Paris-Saclay cluster, 20 km south of Paris, France."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities",
"text": "It also has large operations in Leixlip, Ireland; Austin, Texas; Boise, Idaho; Corvallis, Oregon; Fort Collins, Colorado; Roseville, California; Saint Petersburg, Florida; San Diego, California; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Vancouver, Washington; Conway, Arkansas; and Plano, Texas (the former headquarters of EDS, which HP acquired)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment."
}
] |
HP started in a garage in Florida.
| 0 | 4 |
Hewlett-Packard
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston."
}
] |
lla1JJrCFKvkReAbrDWE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "Five years passed between the massacre and outright war, and Neil York suggests that there is only a tenuous connection between the two."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Media battle",
"text": "It described the shooting and other lesser incidents that took place in the days before as unprovoked attacks on peaceful, law-abiding inhabitants and, according to historian Neal Langley York, was probably the most influential description of the event."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemorations",
"text": "In 1888, the Boston Massacre Monument was erected on the Boston Common in memory of the men killed in the massacre, and the five victims were reinterred in a prominent grave in the Granary Burying Ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "Later events such as the Gaspee Affair and the Boston Tea Party further illustrated the crumbling relationship between Britain and its colonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Boston Massacre was a confrontation on March 5, 1770 in which British soldiers shot and killed several people while being harassed by a mob in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Trials",
"text": "The Part I took in Defence of Cptn."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The killing and subsequent media coverage inflamed tensions, with groups of colonists looking for soldiers to harass, and soldiers also looking for confrontation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Contribution to American Revolution",
"text": "The Boston Massacre is considered one of the most significant events that turned colonial sentiment against King George III and British Parliamentary authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Investigation",
"text": "\" The 14th was transferred to Castle Island without incident about a week later, with the 29th following shortly after, leaving the governor without effective means to police the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Media battle",
"text": "The Boston Gazette's version of events, for example, characterized the massacre as part of an ongoing scheme to \"quell a Spirit of Liberty\", and harped on the negative consequences of quartering troops in the city."
}
] |
The Boston Massacre took place between English police officers and a large group of politicians.
| 0 | 0 |
Boston Massacre
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London."
}
] |
llmxUn1G0VGXhc0njARZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1925 silent film, Lady Windermere's Fan, which stars Ronald Colman, May McAvoy, Bert Lytell, Irene Rich and Edward Martindel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Films include: A 1916 British film Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Peter Raby has also highlighted Lady Windermere's Fan as a good example of Wilde's most successful dramatic technique: the juxtaposition of the comic and the serious."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1935 German film Lady Windermere's Fan directed by Heinz Hilpert and starring Lil Dagover and Walter Rilla"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A 1948 Argentine film Story of a Bad Woman directed by Luis Saslavsky and starring Dolores del Río."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "Wilde, Oscar. Lady Windermere's Fan. published in The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act III",
"text": "One of them takes notice of a fan lying on a table (Lady Windermere's) and presumes that Lord Darlington presently has a woman visiting."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Wilde's huge popularity as a playwright began with his production of Lady Windermere's Fan, his recherché attitude and personal aesthetics reflected in his writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "As he describes, understanding Wilde as a modernist through his writing of Lady Windermere's Fan can help us understand the disparity between mass culture and high society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lady Windermere's Fan, A Play About a Good Woman is a four-act comedy by Oscar Wilde, first performed on Saturday, 20 February 1892, at the St James's Theatre in London."
}
] |
Lady Windermere's Fan is a bad example of silent film.
| 0 | 0 |
Lady Windermere's Fan
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "According to his student, the renowned 16th century music theorist Gioseffo Zarlino, Willaert went to Paris first to study law, but instead decided to study music."
}
] |
lm5CdqarwWzEVQXwoKVk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "References and further reading",
"text": "Adrian Willaert: a guide to research"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert was no less distinguished as a teacher than as a composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert also probably influenced a young Palestrina."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert was among the first to extensively use chromaticism in the madrigal."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Another composer stylistically descended from Willaert was Lassus."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "Sometime around 1515 Willaert first went to Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In July 1515, Willaert entered the service of Cardinal Ippolito"
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "In Ferrarese court documents, Willaert is referred to as \"Adriano Cantore\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "Willaert owes much of his fame in sacred music to his motets."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and influence",
"text": "In Venice, a compositional style, established by Willaert, for multiple choirs dominated."
},
{
"section_header": "Life",
"text": "According to his student, the renowned 16th century music theorist Gioseffo Zarlino, Willaert went to Paris first to study law, but instead decided to study music."
}
] |
Adriaan Willaert did go to class in France.
| 1 | 3 |
Adriaan Willaert
|
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