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Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow."
}
] |
rfCLe3hvrrfF38B5OuQ7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "Terms of Endearment was commercially successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film covers 30 years of the relationship between Aurora Greenway (MacLaine) and her daughter Emma (Winger)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Terms of Endearment is a 1983 American comedy-drama film adapted from Larry McMurtry's 1975 novel, directed, written, and produced by James L. Brooks, and starring Shirley MacLaine, Debra Winger, Jack Nicholson, Danny DeVito, Jeff Daniels, and John Lithgow."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "In his movie guide, Leonard Maltin awarded the film a rare four-star rating, calling it a \"Wonderful mix of humor and heartache\", and concluded the film was \"Consistently offbeat and unpredictable, with exceptional performances by all three stars\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs"
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "\" Garrett: \"I'd rather stick needles in my eyes.\" AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) A sequel to the film, The Evening Star (1996), in which MacLaine and Nicholson reprised their roles, was a critical and commercial failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Critical reception",
"text": "The site's consensus reads: \"A classic tearjerker, Terms of Endearment isn't shy about reaching for the heartstrings – but is so well-acted and smartly scripted that it's almost impossible to resist.\" Metacritic reports a score of 79/100 based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating \"Generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "American Film Institute (nominations): AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes: Aurora: \" Would you like to come in?"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "While filming in Lincoln, the state capital, Winger met then-governor of Nebraska Bob Kerrey; the two wound up dating for two years."
}
] |
Terms of Endearment is a movie that spans 30 years that starred Marlon Brando and Richard Dalton.
| 0 | 0 |
Terms of Endearment
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It ran for nearly three years, making it the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history at the time, and has had many tours and revivals."
}
] |
rfqwDKqgttnXB63hMo89
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 2",
"text": "As Chulalongkorn continues, prescribing a less arduous bow to show respect for the king, his father dies."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Brynner reprises the role",
"text": "During 1981, Kate Hunter Brown took over as Anna, continuing in the role for at least a year and a half."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Musical treatment",
"text": "\" an archetypical Rodgers ballad: simple, with only two chords in the first eight bars, but moving in its directness."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Recordings",
"text": "Later in the same year Patrice Munsel and Robert Merrill made the first studio recording of selections from the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Musical treatment",
"text": "and I vary from it. \"I Have Dreamed\" is an almost continuous repetition of variations on the same theme, until the ending, when it is capped by another melody."
},
{
"section_header": "Music and recordings | Musical treatment",
"text": "Before Rodgers and Hammerstein began writing together, the AABA form for show tunes was standard, but many of the songs in The King"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Leonowens did not return to Siam, although she continued to correspond with her former pupil, the new king Chulalongkorn."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Brynner reprises the role",
"text": "Now, 33 years and 4,300 performances later, he is the king of the mountain as well as the show ... The genius of his performance – and it must be some sort of genius to maintain a character this long – is its simplicity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Both professional and amateur revivals of The King and I continue to be staged regularly throughout the English-speaking world."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Mongkut, King of Siam, was about 57 years old in 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It ran for nearly three years, making it the fourth longest-running Broadway musical in history at the time, and has had many tours and revivals."
}
] |
The musical, The King and I continued showing for eight years.
| 0 | 0 |
The King and I
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band broke up amicably in 2011 with members devoting time on solo projects after having sold more than 90 million albums worldwide and becoming one of the world's best-selling music artists."
}
] |
rg0RmXpuaWgtnKIUeGnp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "The band was one of five nominees accepted into the Hall that year, and the induction ceremony took place in March 2007 at New York's Waldorf-Astoria Hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band broke up amicably in 2011 with members devoting time on solo projects after having sold more than 90 million albums worldwide and becoming one of the world's best-selling music artists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "The group's 1996 album New Adventures in Hi-Fi debuted at number two in the US and number one in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "\"I Wanna Be Your Dog.\" Work on the group's fourteenth album commenced in early 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2006: Continuing as three-piece with mixed success",
"text": "Writing for Rock's Backpages, The Rev. Al Friston described the album as \"loaded with golden loveliness at every twist and turn\", in comparison to the group's \"essentially unconvincing work on New Adventures in Hi-Fi and Up.\" Similarly, Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone called Reveal \"a spiritual renewal rooted in a musical one\" and praised its \"ceaselessly astonishing beauty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "EMI released a compilation album covering R.E.M.'s work during its tenure on I.R.S. in 2006 called"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2011: Last albums, recognition and breakup",
"text": "The group recorded its fifteenth album, Collapse into Now (2011), with Jacknife Lee in locales including Berlin, Nashville, and New Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "Despite its limited pressing, the single garnered critical acclaim, and was listed as one of the ten best singles of the year by The New York Times."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1982–1988: I.R.S. Records and cult success",
"text": "Don Gehman was unable to produce R.E.M.'s fifth album, so he suggested the group work with Scott Litt."
},
{
"section_header": "Campaigning and activism",
"text": "One example is during the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards, Stipe wore a half-dozen white shirts emblazoned with slogans including \"rainforest\", \"love knows no colors\", and \"handgun control now\"."
}
] |
R.E.M. took a break to work on solo projects but are now working together on a new album and tour.
| 0 | 0 |
R.E.M.
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Setting and access",
"text": "On 6 December 2007, it was announced that extensive plans to build Stonehenge road tunnel under the landscape and create a permanent visitors' centre had been cancelled."
}
] |
rgFokcIAoqTcSY6hxy66
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Setting and access",
"text": "The access situation and the proximity of the two roads have drawn widespread criticism, highlighted by a 2006 National Geographic survey."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Setting and access",
"text": "On 6 December 2007, it was announced that extensive plans to build Stonehenge road tunnel under the landscape and create a permanent visitors' centre had been cancelled."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Stonehenge Roundtable Access",
"text": "The Roundtable meetings include members of the Wiltshire Police force, National Trust, English Heritage, Pagans, Druids, Spiritualists and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Videography",
"text": "Spencer, Christopher (dir.) \"Stonehenge decoded\", New York City : National Geographic, 2008"
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Setting and access",
"text": "When Stonehenge was first opened to the public it was possible to walk among and even climb on the stones, but the stones were roped off in 1977 as a result of serious erosion."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Stonehenge 3 II (2600 BC to 2400 BC)",
"text": "A total of 75 stones would have been needed to complete the circle (60 stones) and the trilithon horseshoe (15 stones)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early history | Stonehenge 3 IV (2280 BC to 1930 BC)",
"text": "All the stones formed well-spaced uprights without any of the linking lintels inferred in Stonehenge 3 III."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Folklore | \"Heel Stone\", \"Friar’s Heel\", or \"Sun-Stone\"",
"text": "At summer solstice an observer standing within the stone circle, looking northeast through the entrance, would see the Sun rise in the approximate direction of the heel stone, and the Sun has often been photographed over it."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern history | Sixteenth century to present | Stonehenge Roundtable Access",
"text": "Beginning in 1985, the year of the Battle, no access was allowed into the stones at Stonehenge for any religious reason."
},
{
"section_header": "Function and construction",
"text": "How the stones could be transported by a prehistoric people without the aid of the wheel or a pulley system is not known."
}
] |
There is a road tunnel under Stonehenge that was built in 2007 by completed by the National Geographic survey to stop the erosion of the stones and so locals could access Wiltshire without having to see tourists.
| 2 | 3 |
Stonehenge
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louvre (English: LOOV(-rə)), or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre [myze dy luvʁ] (listen)), is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France."
}
] |
rgGbHHeEVeSG91SsQeRZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Third Republic and World Wars",
"text": "At the beginning of World War II the museum removed most of the art and hid valuable pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Grand Louvre Pyramids",
"text": "The second phase of the Grand Louvre plan, the Pyramide Inversée (Inverted Pyramid), was completed in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, the Louvre received 9.6 million visitors, making it the most visited museum in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Restoration and Second Empire",
"text": "After the creation of the French Second Republic in 1848, the new government allocated two million francs for repair work and ordered the completion of the Galerie d'Apollon, the Salon Carré, and the Grande Galérie."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Third Republic and World Wars",
"text": "Museum expansion slowed after World War I, and the collection did not acquire many significant new works; exceptions were Georges de La Tour's Saint Thomas and Baron Edmond de Rothschild's (1845–1934) 1935 donation of 4,000 prints, 3,000 drawings, and 500 illustrated books."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Restoration and Second Empire",
"text": "During the Restoration (1814–1830), Louis XVIII and Charles X between them added 135 pieces at a cost of 720,000 francs and created the department of Egyptian antiquities curated by Champollion, increased by more than 7,000 works with the acquisition of antiquities in the Edme-Antoine Durand, the Egyptian collection of Henry Salt or the second collection former by Bernardino Drovetti."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection was further increased during the reigns of Louis XVIII and Charles X, and during the Second French Empire the museum gained 20,000 pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Restoration and Second Empire",
"text": "This was less than the amount given for rehabilitation of Versailles, and the Louvre suffered relative to the rest of Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Controversial acquisitions",
"text": "The Louvre is involved in controversies that surround cultural property seized under Napoleon I, as well as during World War II by the Nazis."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Restoration and Second Empire",
"text": "Between 1852 and 1870, under Napoleon III, the museum added 20,000 new pieces to its collections, and the Pavillon de Flore and the Grande Galérie were remodelled under architects Louis Visconti and Hector Lefuel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Louvre (English: LOOV(-rə)), or the Louvre Museum (French: Musée du Louvre [myze dy luvʁ] (listen)), is the world's largest art museum and a historic monument in Paris, France."
}
] |
Louvre Museum is the second biggest of its kind in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Louvre
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father and brothers mined coal."
}
] |
rgXJKHnnnsOnjtzzq2JE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorial Park",
"text": "The Lefty Grove Memorial committee is based in Grove's hometown of Lonaconing, Maryland."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father and brothers mined coal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorial Park",
"text": "The objective of the Lefty Grove Memorial Committee is to preserve the memory of Grove."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Moses \"Lefty\" Grove (March 6, 1900 – May 22, 1975) was an American professional baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Baltimore Orioles (minor league)",
"text": "Finally, early in 1925, Dunn agreed to sell Grove's rights to Connie Mack (1862–1956) and his Philadelphia Athletics in the American League for $100,600 (equivalent to $1.47 million in 2019), the highest amount ever paid for a player at the time."
}
] |
Lefty Grove's father was a surgeon.
| 0 | 0 |
Lefty Grove
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (commonly abbreviated as E. T. A. Hoffmann; born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist."
}
] |
rgqe4fyzMhBbc0yP3gdN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Nutcracker is based. The ballet Coppélia is based on two other stories that Hoffmann wrote, while Schumann's Kreisleriana is based on Hoffmann's character Johannes Kreisler."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment | Science fiction",
"text": "While disagreeing with E. F. Bleiler's claim that Hoffman was \"one of the two or three greatest writers of fantasy\", Algis Budrys of Galaxy Science Fiction said that he \"did lay down the groundwork for some of our most enduring themes\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoffmann's stories highly influenced 19th-century literature, and he is one of the major authors of the Romantic movement."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Andrei Tarkovsky wrote a script titled Hoffmaniana in which the writer himself is the main protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Youth",
"text": "He had, however, read Schiller, Goethe, Swift, Sterne, Rousseau and Jean Paul, and wrote part of a novel titled Der Geheimnisvolle."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Malifaux, a tabletop skirmish game, uses the names Hoffman and Coppelius from \"The Sandman\" for characters which reference each other as having an \"unexplained connection\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment",
"text": "Robert Schumann's piano suite Kreisleriana (1838) takes its title from one of Hoffmann's books (and according to Charles Rosen's The Romantic Generation, is possibly also inspired by \"The Life and Opinions of Tomcat Murr\", in which Kreisler appears)."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment",
"text": "This essential duality in Kater Murr is conveyed structurally through a discursive 'splicing together' of two biographical narratives."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Angela Carter – The Infernal Desire Machines of Doctor Hoffman (1972) Alexandre Dumas, père translated The Nutcracker into French, which aided in making the tale popular and widespread."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Warsaw",
"text": "In January 1807, Hoffmann's wife and two-year-old daughter Cäcilia returned to Posen, while he pondered whether to move to Vienna or go back to Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (commonly abbreviated as E. T. A. Hoffmann; born Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann; 24 January 1776 – 25 June 1822) was a German Romantic author of fantasy and Gothic horror, a jurist, composer, music critic and artist."
}
] |
Hoffman wrote most of his books contained in two major genres.
| 0 | 0 |
E.T.A. Hoffmann
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By his final MLB season, Aaron was the last Negro league baseball player on a major league roster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He appeared briefly in the Negro American League and in minor league baseball before starting his major league career."
}
] |
rgvCeZMUzKChPP6MVr5M
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The Elite Development Invitational, a youth baseball tournament organized by the Major League Baseball and the MLB Players Association to increase diversity in the sport, was renamed the Hank Aaron Invitational for the 2019 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Hank Aaron on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Breaking Ruth's record",
"text": "Lucy says in the August 11 strip, \"Hank Aaron is a great player ... but you!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Louis Aaron (born February 5, 1934), nicknamed \"Hammer\" or \"Hammerin' Hank,\" is an American retired Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder who serves as the senior vice president of the Atlanta Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Aaron was awarded the Spingarn Medal in 1976, from the NAACP.In 1977, Hank Aaron received the American Academy of Achievement’s Golden Plate Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, MLB introduced the Hank Aaron Award to recognize the top offensive players in each league."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He appeared briefly in the Negro American League and in minor league baseball before starting his major league career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, The Sporting News ranked Aaron fifth on its \"100 Greatest Baseball Players\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By his final MLB season, Aaron was the last Negro league baseball player on a major league roster."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "Aaron dedicated the new exhibit \"Hank Aaron-Chasing the Dream\" at the Baseball Hall of Fame on April 25, 2009."
}
] |
American baseball player Hank Aaron was white.
| 1 | 6 |
Hank Aaron
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles' grandson, Charlemagne, extended the Frankish realms, and became the first emperor in the West since the fall of Rome."
}
] |
rh6F9U63PRlHy0p2niUb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Order of the Genet",
"text": "As marks of his favor, Charles Martel distributed some of the genets to leaders among his army."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Martel (c. 688 – 22 October 741) was a Frankish statesman and military leader who, as Duke and Prince of the Franks and Mayor of the Palace, was the de facto ruler of Francia from 718 until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles' grandson, Charlemagne, extended the Frankish realms, and became the first emperor in the West since the fall of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Consolidation of power | Wars of 718–732",
"text": "When the Frisian leader Radbod died in 719, Charles seized West Frisia without any great resistance on the part of the Frisians, who had been subjected to the Franks but had rebelled upon the death of Pippin."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "However, for Paul Fouracre, while Charles was \"the most effective military leader in Francia\", his career \"finished on a note of unfinished business\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Consolidation of power",
"text": "Charles recognized Chilperic as king of the Franks in return for legitimate royal affirmation of his own mayoralty over all the kingdoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He was the first to call himself Duke and Prince of the Franks, a title later taken up by Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Order of the Genet",
"text": "Some historical sources say that Charles Martel formed the first regular order of knights in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Aquitaine and the Battle of Tours in 732",
"text": "It is more likely that this invasion or raid took place in revenge for Odo's support for a rebel Berber leader named Munnuza."
},
{
"section_header": "Consolidation of power | Wars of 718–732",
"text": "Thus, southern Germany once more became part of the Frankish kingdom, as had northern Germany during the first years of the reign."
}
] |
Charles Martel was a leader of the Franks and the grandfather of the first western kingdom leader after Rome fell.
| 1 | 4 |
Charles Martel
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Clayton Act passed by a vote of 277 to 54 on June 5, 1914."
}
] |
rhBjIDezfmG2Skp4qjub
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "That regime started with the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, the first Federal law outlawing practices considered harmful to consumers (monopolies, cartels, and trusts)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Clayton Act passed by a vote of 277 to 54 on June 5, 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "The Supreme Court ruled in the 1922 case Federal Baseball Club v. National League that Major League Baseball was not \"interstate commerce\" and thus was not subject to federal antitrust law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 (Pub.L. 63–212, 38 Stat."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "The Clayton Act made both substantive and procedural modifications to federal antitrust law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "730, enacted October 15, 1914, codified at 15 U.S.C. §§ 12–27, 29 U.S.C. §§ 52–53), was a part of United States antitrust law with the goal of adding further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime; the Clayton Act sought to prevent anticompetitive practices in their incipiency."
},
{
"section_header": "Enforcement",
"text": "Under the Clayton Act, only civil suits could be brought to the court's attention and a provision \"permits a suit in the federal courts for three times the actual damages caused by anything forbidden in the antitrust laws\", including court costs and attorney's fees."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Though the Senate passed its own version on September 2, 1914, by a vote of 46–16, the final version of the law (written after deliberation between Senate and the House), did not pass the Senate until October 5 and the House until October 8 of the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Exemptions",
"text": "An important difference between the Clayton Act and its predecessor, the Sherman Act, is that the Clayton Act contained safe harbors for union activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Contents",
"text": "There are 4 sections of the bill that proposed substantive changes in the antitrust laws by way of supplementing the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890."
}
] |
The Clayton Antitrust Act was voted in by a large majority and was designed to help consumers.
| 0 | 0 |
Clayton Antitrust Act
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2015, West became only the second rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival."
}
] |
rhUxg8wRQjxsd720YywS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2015, West became only the second rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Petitions",
"text": "The largest unsuccessful petition has been to the Glastonbury Festival 2015 with 133,000+ voters stating they would prefer a rock band to headline."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–15: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "The next month, West headlined at the Glastonbury Festival in the UK, despite a petition signed by almost 135,000 people against his appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Petitions",
"text": "On July 20, 2015, within five days of West's announcement as the headlining artist of the closing ceremonies of the 2015 Pan American Games, Change.org user XYZ collected over 50,000 signatures for West's removal as headliner, on the grounds that the headlining artist should be Canadian."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2017–present: Ye, Jesus Is King, and further collaborations",
"text": "In January 2019, West pulled out of headlining the years Coachella festival, after negotiations broke down due to discord regarding stage design."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–12: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and collaborations",
"text": "Dark Fantasy went on to go platinum in the United States, but its omission as a contender for Album of the Year at the 54th Grammy Awards was viewed as a \"snub\" by several media outlets.2011 saw West embark on a festival tour to commemorate the release of My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy performing and headlining numerous festivals including; SWU Music & Arts, Austin City Limits, Oya Festival, Flow Festival, Live Music Festival,"
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2015, he became the third rap act to win the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–15: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "In September 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him as supporting act."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records",
"text": "Her second effort subsequently became the very first hip-hop album by a female rapper to debut at the top of the U.S. Billboard 200 chart in its first week of release."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–12: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and collaborations",
"text": "The co-headlining Watch the Throne Tour kicked off in October 2011 and concluded in June 2012."
}
] |
In 2015, he became only the 2nd rapper to headline Glastonbury Festival.
| 1 | 4 |
Kanye West
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
}
] |
riJlmrRyF5ud8WQOsKJs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "The term Brahma-nirvana appears in verses 2.72 and 5.24-26 of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The term nirvana in the soteriological sense of \"blown out, extinguished\" state of liberation does not appear in the Vedas nor in the Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The idea of rebirth following \"running out of merit\" appears in Buddhist texts as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the soteriological term Nirvana."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "This term is found in texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Nirvana Upanishad, likely composed in the post-Buddha era."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "According to Collins, \"the Buddhists seem to have been the first to call it nirvana.\" However, the ideas of spiritual liberation using different terminology, with the concept of soul and Brahman, appears in Vedic texts and Upanishads, such as in verse 4.4.6 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This idea appears in many ancient and medieval texts, as Saṃsāra, or the endless cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath, such as section 6:31 of the Mahabharata and verse 9.21 of the Bhagavad Gita."
}
] |
Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban.
| 3 | 6 |
Nirvana
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "In Indian cinema, several film versions of the epic have been made, dating back to 1920."
}
] |
riWHnOywiLmODR4nXYwP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Translations",
"text": "A Persian translation of Mahabharata, titled Razmnameh, was produced at Akbar's orders, by Faizi and ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni in the 18th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The text was described by some early 20th-century Indologists as unstructured and chaotic."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Derivative literature",
"text": "The first important play of 20th century was Andha Yug (The Blind Epoch), by Dharamvir Bharati, which came in 1955, found in Mahabharat, both an ideal source and expression of modern predicaments and discontent."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "It was produced by Swastik Productions Pvt."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "Uncompleted projects on the Mahābhārata include one by Rajkumar Santoshi, and a theatrical adaptation planned by Satyajit Ray."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Historical references",
"text": "Several stories within the Mahābhārata took on separate identities of their own in Classical Sanskrit literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | In film and television",
"text": "In Indian cinema, several film versions of the epic have been made, dating back to 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "The author later added some female characters to be wed to the Pandavas, for example, Arjuna is described as having many wives and consorts next to Subhadra."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Ambalika turns pale and bloodless upon seeing him, and thus her son Pandu is born pale and unhealthy (the term Pandu may also mean 'jaundiced')."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Critical Edition",
"text": "Between 1919 and 1966, scholars at the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune, compared the various manuscripts of the epic from India and abroad and produced the Critical Edition of the Mahabharata, on 13,000 pages in 19 volumes, followed by the Harivamsha in another two volumes and six index volumes."
}
] |
There have been several theatrical variants of the Mahabharata produced since the turn of 20th century.
| 3 | 4 |
Mahabharata
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Variations | Social parasitism",
"text": "Now known as \"Emery's rule\", it states that social parasites tend to be closely related to their hosts, often being in the same genus."
}
] |
riigpaoNCdfl9I0KM14d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Plants",
"text": "Their seeds are very small and numerous, so they appear to rely on being infected by a suitable fungus soon after germinating."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Coevolution | Cospeciation",
"text": "However, evolutionary events such as the duplication, or the extinction of parasite species (without similar events on the host phylogeny) often erode similarities between host and parasite phylogenies."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomic range | Animals",
"text": "The columns for Endo- and Ecto-parasitism refer to the definitive host, as documented in the Vertebrate and Invertebrate columns."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Trophically transmitted",
"text": "Trophically transmitted parasites are transmitted by being eaten by a host."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Basic concepts",
"text": "Taxonomists classify parasites in a variety of overlapping schemes, based on their interactions with their hosts and on their life-cycles, which are sometimes very complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Coevolution | Cospeciation",
"text": "In the case of flamingos, they have similar lice to those of grebes."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Variations | Social parasitism",
"text": "Now known as \"Emery's rule\", it states that social parasites tend to be closely related to their hosts, often being in the same genus."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary strategies | Major strategies | Trophically transmitted",
"text": "Many trophically transmitted parasites modify the behaviour of their intermediate hosts, increasing their chances of being eaten by a predator."
},
{
"section_header": "Biology and conservation | Rationale for conservation",
"text": "A major and very costly captive breeding program was run in the United States to rescue the Californian condor."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolutionary ecology | Coevolution | Coevolution favouring mutualism",
"text": "Long-term coevolution sometimes leads to a relatively stable relationship tending to commensalism or mutualism, as, all else being equal, it is in the evolutionary interest of the parasite that its host thrives."
}
] |
The "Enemy rule" refers to the parasite and host being very similar.
| 2 | 5 |
Parasite
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
}
] |
riydCWgevts2le4NfDTb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "By 1917, Germany and Imperial Russia were stuck in a stalemate on the Eastern Front of World War I and the Russian economy had nearly collapsed under the strain of the war effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Signing",
"text": "The treaty marked Russia's final withdrawal from World War I as an enemy of her co-signatories, on severe terms."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Armistice of 11 November 1918 that ended World War I, one clause abrogated the Brest-Litovsk treaty."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (also known as the Treaty of Brest in Russia) was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers (German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "For the Western Allied Powers, the terms that Germany had imposed on Russia were interpreted as a warning of what to expect if the Central Powers won the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Decree called \"upon all the belligerent nations and their governments to start immediate negotiations for peace\" and proposed an immediate withdrawal of Russia from World War I. Leon Trotsky was appointed Commissar of Foreign Affairs in the new Bolshevik government."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of the treaty | Territorial cessions in the Caucasus",
"text": "At the insistence of Talaat Pasha, the treaty declared that the territory Russia took from the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), specifically Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi, were to be returned."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "The treaty meant that Russia now was helping Germany win the war by freeing up a million German soldiers for the Western Front and by \"relinquishing much of Russia's food supply, industrial base, fuel supplies, and communications with Western Europe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace negotiations",
"text": "Czernin no longer was desperate for a prompt settlement with the Russians."
},
{
"section_header": "Lasting effects",
"text": "In the Treaty of Rapallo, concluded in April 1922, Germany accepted the Treaty's nullification, and the two powers agreed to abandon all war-related territorial and financial claims against each other."
}
] |
Russia signaled it was no longer at war with Germany during World War I with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
| 0 | 0 |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stranger in a Strange Land is a 1961 science fiction novel by American author Robert A. Heinlein."
}
] |
rjRJoHWNWYgUINOisF9t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In a relevant part of the story, Joan Freeman is described as feeling like \"a stranger in a strange land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stranger in a Strange Land is a 1961 science fiction novel by American author Robert A. Heinlein."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Summers claimed that it \"was about eating your friends, or 'grocking' them as [Stranger in a Strange Land] put it\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title \"Stranger in a Strange Land\" is a direct quotation from the King James Bible (taken from Exodus 2:22)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Heinlein's novella Lost Legacy (1941) lends its theme, and possibly some characters, to Stranger in a Strange Land."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Waterbed",
"text": "Stranger in a Strange Land contains an early description of the waterbed, an invention that made its real-world debut in 1968."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Despite such reviews, Stranger in a Strange Land won the 1962 Hugo Award for Best Novel and became the first science fiction novel to enter The New York Times Book Review's best-seller list."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "After describing the importance of establishing a dramatic difference between humans and aliens, Heinlein concluded, \"Besides, whoever heard of a Martian named Smith?\" The title Stranger In a Strange Land is taken from the King James Version of Exodus 2:22, \" And she bore him a son, and he called his name Gershom: for he said, I have been a stranger in a strange land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Leon Russell and the Shelter People features a song titled Stranger in a Strange Land with lyrics that describe ideas from the novel, sometimes narrated by Valentine's perspective, other times in a 3rd person."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Writing in The New York Times, Orville Prescott received the novel caustically, describing it as a \"disastrous mishmash of science fiction, laborious humor, dreary social satire and cheap eroticism\"; he characterized Stranger in a Strange Land as \"puerile and ludicrous\", saying \"when a non-stop orgy is combined with a lot of preposterous chatter, it becomes unendurable, an affront to the patience and intelligence of readers\"."
}
] |
Stranger in a Strange Land is a fictional story.
| 2 | 5 |
Stranger in a Strange Land
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rise (c. 1299–1453)",
"text": "One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived."
}
] |
rjuxUsUfg6H0FSlD2cc0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "The Ottoman Empire, or as a dynastic institution, the House of Osman, was unprecedented and unequaled in the Islamic world for its size and duration."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "The Ottoman Empire started preparing its first pilots and planes, and with the founding of the Aviation School (Tayyare Mektebi) in Yeşilköy on 3 July 1912, the Empire began to tutor its own flight officers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise (c. 1299–1453)",
"text": "In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over Anatolia and the Balkans."
},
{
"section_header": "Government",
"text": "The highest position in Islam, caliphate, was claimed by the sultans starting with Murad I, which was established as the Ottoman Caliphate."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise (c. 1299–1453)",
"text": "One of these beyliks, in the region of Bithynia on the frontier of the Byzantine Empire, was led by the Turkish tribal leader Osman I (d. 1323/4), a figure of obscure origins from whom the name Ottoman is derived."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and modernization (1828–1908)",
"text": "The Christian population of the empire, owing to their higher educational levels, started to pull ahead of the Muslim majority, leading to much resentment on the part of the latter."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The Turkish word for \"Ottoman\" (Turkish: Osmanlı) originally referred to the tribal followers of Osman in the fourteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "The Ottoman army continued to be an effective fighting force throughout the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, falling behind the empire's European rivals only during a long period of peace from 1740–1768.The modernization of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century started with the military."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Defeat and dissolution (1908–1922) | World War I | Armenian genocide",
"text": "In 1915 the Ottoman government started the extermination of its ethnic Armenian population, resulting in the death of up to 1.5 million Armenians in the Armenian Genocide."
}
] |
The Ottoman Empire was started by Osman.
| 2 | 3 |
Ottoman Empire
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barlick missed two seasons (1944–45) due to service in the United States Coast Guard and two seasons (1956–57) due to heart problems."
}
] |
rjwv5rcVLQyxleu1GSqu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Barlick joined the Coast Guard in November 1943, during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "Barlick was offered a contract for the 1941 season, and was 26 years old at the start of the season, making him one of the youngest MLB umpires in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barlick missed two seasons (1944–45) due to service in the United States Coast Guard and two seasons (1956–57) due to heart problems."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "He missed the last two weeks of the 1966 season due to high blood pressure."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Return from the Coast Guard",
"text": "After he sat out the entire 1956 season, a March 1957 article reported that the heart issue would probably cause him to miss that season as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Joseph Barlick (April 2, 1915 – December 27, 1995) was an American umpire in Major League Baseball who worked in the National League for 28 seasons (1940–1943, 1946–1955, 1958–1971)."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "In 1971, Barlick was awarded the Umpire of the Year Award at the Al Somers Umpire School, which was based on a poll of other MLB umpires."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Return from the Coast Guard",
"text": "Barlick returned to umpiring in 1946, when he umpired his first World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "In 1966, Barlick missed nine games after his mother, Louise, died in Springfield."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Return from the Coast Guard",
"text": "\"There's a fellow who's going to be one of the great all-time umpires."
}
] |
Al Barlick missed one season while fighting in World War 2.
| 1 | 7 |
Al Barlick
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Graduate students and influential lectures | Moscow",
"text": "This attitude caused her problems in Germany, culminating in her eviction from a pension lodging building, after student leaders complained of living with \"a Marxist-leaning Jewess\"."
}
] |
rkEOlM8M9J1PC8d1tag1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Emmy's father, Max Noether, was descended from a family of wholesale traders in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The minor planet 7001 Noether is named for Emmy Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In fiction, Emmy Nutter, the physics professor in \"The God Patent\" by Ransom Stephens, is based on Emmy Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "A street in her hometown, Erlangen, has been named after Emmy Noether and her father, Max Noether."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She invariably used the name \"Emmy Noether\" in her life and publications."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics annually awards Emmy Noether"
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The Emmy Noether Mathematics Institute in Algebra, Geometry and Function Theory in the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel was jointly founded in 1992 by the university, the German government and the Minerva Foundation with the aim to stimulate research in the above fields and to encourage collaborations with Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Emmy Noether was born on 23 March 1882, the first of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "The successor to the secondary school she attended in Erlangen has been renamed as the Emmy Noether School."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessment, recognition, and memorials",
"text": "In 2013, The European Physical Society established the Emmy Noether Distinction for Women in Physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Graduate students and influential lectures | Moscow",
"text": "This attitude caused her problems in Germany, culminating in her eviction from a pension lodging building, after student leaders complained of living with \"a Marxist-leaning Jewess\"."
}
] |
Emmy Noether encountered racism in Germany.
| 4 | 6 |
Emmy Noether
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919 by former high-school football rivals"
}
] |
rkGxX1q2QI9pniydMBm3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Community ownership | Green Bay Packers Foundation",
"text": "The team created the Green Bay Packers Foundation in December 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers are a professional American football team based in Green Bay, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers have played in their original city longer than any other team in the NFL."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding | Team colors",
"text": "By 1950, Green Bay replaced navy blue with kelly green, but kept what was by then a lighter shade of athletic gold."
},
{
"section_header": "Championships | NFC Championships",
"text": "NFC Championships did not exist until after the AFL-NFL merger in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1929–1931: Lambeau's team arrives",
"text": "Green Bay would repeat as league champions in 1930 and 1931, bettering teams from New York, Chicago and throughout the league, with all-time greats and future Hall of Famers"
},
{
"section_header": "Branding | Team colors",
"text": "In 1958, this kelly green was replaced by a darker hunter green; it and athletic gold have served as the team colors since."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1929–1931: Lambeau's team arrives",
"text": "Mike Michalske, Johnny (Blood) McNally, Cal Hubbard and Green Bay"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1946–1958: Wilderness",
"text": "He purchased a large lodge near Green Bay for team members and families to live."
},
{
"section_header": "Fan base",
"text": "Regardless of team performance, every game played in Green Bay has been sold out since 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Founding",
"text": "The Green Bay Packers were founded on August 11, 1919 by former high-school football rivals"
}
] |
The Green Bay Packers team exist since the 1910s.
| 3 | 5 |
Green Bay Packers
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam."
}
] |
rkeuqW0eKhAGMCzUhecY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient period",
"text": "Archaeological remains from the ancient Israelite period include the Siloam Tunnel, an aqueduct built by Judahite king Hezekiah and once containing an ancient Hebrew inscription, known as the Siloam Inscription; the so-called Broad Wall, a defensive fortification built in the 8th century BCE, also by Hezekiah; the Silwan necropolis with the Monolith of Silwan and the Tomb of the Royal Steward, which were decorated with monumental Hebrew inscriptions; and the so-called Israelite Tower, remnants of ancient fortifications, built from large, sturdy rocks with carved cornerstones."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern scholars argue that Jews branched out of the Canaanite peoples and culture through the development of a distinct monolatrous — and later monotheistic — religion centered on El/Yahweh, one of the Ancient Canaanite deities."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Water supply has always been a major problem in Jerusalem, as attested to by the intricate network of ancient aqueducts, tunnels, pools and cisterns found in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Age | Jerusalem proper",
"text": "For historians and archaeologists, it is Jerusalem's South-East Hill, known as the City of David, that is taken into consideration when discussing the age of Jerusalem, since it is the most widely accepted site considered to be where permanent settlement began in ancient Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient period",
"text": "The First Temple period ended around 586 BCE, as Nebuchadnezzar's Neo-Babylonian Empire conquered Judah and Jerusalem, and laid waste to Solomon's Temple and the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Divided city: Jordanian and Israeli rule (1948–1967)",
"text": "This rough map, which was not meant as an official one, became the final line in the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which divided the city and left Mount Scopus as an Israeli exclave inside East Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning \"City of Shalem\" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient period",
"text": "The Execration Texts (c. 19th century BCE), which refer to a city called rwš3lmm, variously transcribed as Rušalimum/Urušalimum/Rôsh-ramen and the Amarna letters (c. 14th century BCE) may be the earliest mention of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions—Judaism, Christianity, and Islam."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Beitar Jerusalem Football Club is one of the most well known in Israel."
}
] |
Jerusalem is one of the ancient cities in the planet.
| 1 | 5 |
Jerusalem
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "There is no direct evidence to indicate when King Lear was written or first performed."
}
] |
rkv2YLh5jXzthScixGUR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century",
"text": "The show later went on tour, and in 2000 played at Shakespeare's Globe, completing, according to Anthony Dawson, \"a kind of symbolic circle\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Lear is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and video",
"text": "In 2008, a version of King Lear produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company premiered with Ian McKellen in the role of King Lear."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "Lear yields completely to his rage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio and audio",
"text": "The first recording of the Argo Shakespeare for Argo Records was King Lear in 1957, directed and produced by George Rylands with William Devlin in the title role, Jill Balcon as Goneril and Prunella Scales as Cordelia."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act IV",
"text": "Lear appears, by now completely mad."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Conversely, Frank Kermode, in the Riverside Shakespeare, considers the publication of Leir to have been a response to performances of Shakespeare's already-written play; noting a sonnet by William Strachey that may have verbal resemblances with Lear"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "German composer Aribert Reimann's opera Lear premiered on 9 July 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 21st century",
"text": "King Lear was staged by Royal Shakespeare Company, with Antony Sher in the lead role."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "Finnish composer Aulis Sallinen's opera Kuningas Lear premiered on 15 September 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "There is no direct evidence to indicate when King Lear was written or first performed."
}
] |
William Shakespeare completed King Lear in 1598, and premiered it at The Globe theater two years later.
| 1 | 1 |
King Lear
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was produced at the Lenaia festival in 422 BC, a time when Athens was enjoying a brief respite from the Peloponnesian War following a one-year truce with Sparta."
}
] |
rkvzCcDyfo13A4QDcqJK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wasps (Classical Greek: Σφῆκες, romanized: Sphēkes) is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy'."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Religious and historical identities",
"text": "He is mentioned also in two other surviving plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Religious and historical identities",
"text": "He is named also in three other surviving plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Athenian personalities",
"text": "He receives mentions also in two other surviving plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Athenian personalities",
"text": "However this could simply be the name of a character in the play accidentally transposed into the dialogue by an ancient scribe)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was produced at the Lenaia festival in 422 BC, a time when Athens was enjoying a brief respite from the Peloponnesian War following a one-year truce with Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Athenian politicians and generals",
"text": ", he is the arch-villain in all of Aristophanes' early plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Some events that influenced The Wasps",
"text": "Aristophanes' play The Clouds came third (i.e. last)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Some events that influenced The Wasps",
"text": "422 : The Wasps was performed at the Lenaia, winning second place."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Religious and historical identities",
"text": "Eurycles: A prophet with abilities as a ventriloquist, he is mentioned in line 1019 as the metaphor of a comic poet whose plays are produced in somebody else's name."
}
] |
The Wasps is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy' was produced in 422 AD.
| 0 | 0 |
The Wasps
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Laurents wrote both the novel and screenplay based on his college days at Cornell University and his experiences with the House Un-American Activities Committee."
}
] |
rl8QMSQzJs0raB5pMQOA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Way We Were is a 1973 American romantic drama film directed by Sydney Pollack and starring Barbra Streisand and Robert Redford."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Laurents had been impressed with They Shoot Horses, Don't They? and suggested Sydney Pollack to direct."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Laurents wrote both the novel and screenplay based on his college days at Cornell University and his experiences with the House Un-American Activities Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Union College in Schenectady, New York, was used, instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Laurents ultimately regretted recommending Pollack."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Both agreed they did not want Pollack to be part of the equation."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The looks and personality came from two primary sources - writer Peter Viertel and a man Laurents referred to only as \"Tony Blue Eyes\", an acquaintance who inspired the scene where the creative writing instructor reads Hubbell's short story to his class."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "His first instinct was to create a crisis between his leading lady and her college professor, but he decided her passion needed to be politics, not writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Pollack admitted the film was not good, accepted full responsibility for its problems, and apologized for his behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "While attending the same college, she is drawn to him because of his boyish good looks and his natural writing skill, which she finds captivating, although he does not work very hard at it."
}
] |
The Way We Were is inspired from the college experience of Sydney Pollack.
| 0 | 2 |
The Way We Were
|
Literature
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
}
] |
rlKvEY98khAJYgefX9uO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations in other media",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four has been adapted for the cinema, radio, television and theatre at least twice each, as well as for other art media, such as ballet and opera."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Orwell told Jacintha Buddicom that he would write a novel stylistically like A Modern Utopia (1905) by H. G. Wells."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources for literary motifs",
"text": "In one well-known example, the Soviet encyclopaedia had an article about Lavrentiy Beria."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "It is thought to be loosely based on the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | Living standards",
"text": "In contrast to their subordinates, the upper class of Oceanian society reside in clean and comfortable flats in their own quarters, with pantries well-stocked with foodstuffs such as wine, coffee, and sugar, all denied to the general populace."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by English novelist George Orwell."
},
{
"section_header": "World in novel | The Revolution",
"text": "However, due to the fact that Winston only barely remembers these events as well as the Party's constant manipulation of historical records, the continuity and accuracy of these events are unknown, and exactly how the superstates' ruling parties managed to gain their power is also left unclear."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "On 5 November 2019, the BBC listed Nineteen Eighty-Four on its list of the 100 most influential novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact",
"text": "An episode of Doctor Who, called \"The God Complex\", depicts an alien ship disguised as a hotel containing Room 101-like spaces, and quotes the nursery rhyme as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Brave New World comparisons",
"text": "In the decades since the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, there have been numerous comparisons to Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World, which had been published 17 years earlier, in 1932."
}
] |
Nineteen Eighty-Four was a novel by Orson Wells.
| 5 | 9 |
Nineteen Eighty-Four
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a calm, reticent demeanor, for which he was sometimes also known as \"The Quiet Man.\" Alston grew up in rural Ohio and lettered in baseball and basketball at Miami University in Oxford."
}
] |
rlSdBN62CO6BTk9n9lV9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Major leagues | Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Alston was an unknown at the major league level and the New York Daily News reported his hiring with the headline \"Walter Who?\"Becoming immediately known for his quiet nature, Alston was sometimes referred to as \"The Quiet Man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a calm, reticent demeanor, for which he was sometimes also known as \"The Quiet Man.\" Alston grew up in rural Ohio and lettered in baseball and basketball at Miami University in Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for managing the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1954 through 1976, and signed 23 one-year contracts with the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "He was so solid, so American."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "That year, Alston managed Campanella again, where Campanella integrated the American Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Ohio State Route 177 was named the Walter \"Smokey\" Alston Memorial Highway in 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "After his two seasons with Trenton, Alston served as a player-manager for the first integrated U.S. baseball team based in the twentieth century, the Nashua Dodgers of the Class-B New England League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alston was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "During the baseball off-season, Alston worked as a teacher in Darrtown."
}
] |
American baseball player Walter Alston was known as "Smokey" because he was known for his hot temper.
| 0 | 0 |
Walter Alston
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "Over 2.5 million Indians ignored Gandhi, volunteered and joined on the British side."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "Gandhi opposed providing any help to the British war effort and he campaigned against any Indian participation in the World War II."
}
] |
rll5KQurzaJcML4qsQlu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "Gandhi's position was not supported by many Indian leaders, and his campaign against the British war effort was a failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "During World War I (1914–1918), nearing the age of 50, Gandhi supported the British and its allied forces by recruiting Indians to join the British army, expanding the Indian contingent from about 100,000 to over 1.1 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "According to Gandhi, he felt that since he was demanding his rights as a British citizen, it was also his duty to serve the British forces in the defence of the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Khilafat movement",
"text": "Gandhi had already supported the British crown with resources and by recruiting Indian soldiers to fight the war in Europe on the British side."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "Gandhi participated in the South African war against the Boers, on the British side in 1899."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "Over 2.5 million Indians ignored Gandhi, volunteered and joined on the British side."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Civil rights activist in South Africa (1893–1914)",
"text": "Gandhi raised eleven hundred Indian volunteers, to support British combat troops against the Boers."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Non-co-operation",
"text": "He reorganised the Congress. With Congress now behind him, and Muslim support triggered by his backing the Khilafat movement to restore the Caliph in Turkey, Gandhi had the political support and the attention of the British Raj."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "He stated that \"when the war was declared, my personal sympathies were all with the Boers, but my loyalty to the British rule drove me to participation with the British in that war\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On wars and nonviolence | Support for wars",
"text": "According to Keith Robbins, the recruitment effort was in part motivated by the British promise to reciprocate the help with swaraj (self-government) to Indians after the end of World War I. After the war, the British government offered minor reforms instead, which disappointed Gandhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "Gandhi opposed providing any help to the British war effort and he campaigned against any Indian participation in the World War II."
}
] |
Gandhi supported the British in WWII.
| 0 | 0 |
Mahatma Gandhi
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the second of four children of German immigrants, Christina Foch (1881–1954) and Heinrich Gehrig (1867–1946)."
}
] |
rm5MXiCaYdvUE2t9WiG6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "Yankees retired Gehrig's uniform number \"4\", making him the first player in Major League Baseball history to be accorded that honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1939, he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame and was the first MLB player to have his uniform number (4) retired by a team."
},
{
"section_header": "Records, awards, and accomplishments",
"text": "Sixty years after his farewell to baseball, Gehrig received the most votes of any baseball player on the Major League Baseball All-Century Team, chosen by fan balloting in 1999.In 1999 editors at Sporting News ranked Lou Gehrig sixth on their list of \"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Following his retirement from baseball, Lou Gehrig wrote, \"Don't think I am depressed or pessimistic about my condition at present\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lou Gehrig Memorial Award is given annually to the MLB player who best exhibits Gehrig's integrity and character."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939)",
"text": "Gehrig wore the number \"4\" because he hit behind Babe Ruth, who batted third in the lineup."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "\"Yankees Manager Joe McCarthy, struggling to control his emotions, then spoke of Lou Gehrig, with whom he had a close, almost father-and-son–like bond."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "After describing Gehrig as \"the finest example of a ballplayer, sportsman, and citizen that baseball has ever known\", McCarthy could stand it no longer."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "It is currently on display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Diagnosis | Retirement",
"text": "Two days later, the New York Yankees announced Gehrig's retirement, with an immediate public push to honor Gehrig."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the second of four children of German immigrants, Christina Foch (1881–1954) and Heinrich Gehrig (1867–1946)."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig, a Polish baseball player, had his uniform number retired.
| 1 | 8 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires [le tʁwɑ muskətɛːʁ]) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas."
}
] |
rm5Ml79kD6tXaI6MsknR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "In 1939, American author Tiffany Thayer published a book titled Three Musketeers (Thayer, 1939)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The Three Musketeers is a musical with a book by William Anthony McGuire, lyrics by Clifford Grey and P. G. Wodehouse, and music by Rudolf Friml."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Literature",
"text": "In the book The Assault, The Three Musketeers is quoted in the Prologue as the protagonist had the story read to him by Mr. Beumer, a lawyer who later becomes senile and in morbidity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Three Musketeers is primarily a historical and adventure novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Video games and board games",
"text": "The Three Musketeers for Windows XP and Windows Vista."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "The Three Mouseketeers was the title of two series produced by DC Comics; the first series was a loose parody of The Three Musketeers."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other",
"text": "Sarah Hoyt wrote a series of Historical Murder mysteries with the Musketeers as the protagonists. (Hoyt wrote the novels under the name Sarah d'Almeida.) Tansy Rayner Roberts wrote Musketeer Space, a space opera retelling of the original book in which almost all characters have a different gender, as a weekly serialized novel from 2014–2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The Three Musketeers (1921), a silent film adaptation starring Douglas Fairbanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television | Animation",
"text": "A Barbie adaption of the tale by the name of Barbie and the Three Musketeers was made in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Video Games",
"text": "In Pokémon Black and White, the Pokémon Terrakion, Cobalion, and Virizion are based on the Three Musketeers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires [le tʁwɑ muskətɛːʁ]) is a historical adventure novel written in 1844 by French author Alexandre Dumas."
}
] |
The writer of the book, The Three Musketeers is Italian.
| 3 | 4 |
The Three Musketeers
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the only theme park designed and built to completion under the direct supervision of Walt Disney."
}
] |
rm9ugrzzcoFhizJamB9X
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1990s",
"text": "The park was renamed \"Disneyland Park\" to distinguish it from the larger complex under construction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "Difficulties in obtaining funding prompted Disney to investigate new methods of fundraising, and he decided to create a show named Disneyland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walt Disney came up with the concept of Disneyland after visiting various amusement parks with his daughters in the 1930s and 1940s."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "The concept for Disneyland began when Walt Disney was visiting Griffith Park in Los Angeles with his daughters Diane and Sharon."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Origins",
"text": "For its first five years of operation, Disneyland was owned by Disneyland, Inc., which was jointly owned by Walt Disney Productions, Walt Disney, Western Publishing and ABC."
},
{
"section_header": "Lands",
"text": "Throughout the park are \"Hidden Mickeys\", representations of Mickey Mouse heads inserted subtly into the design of attractions and environmental decor."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Beginning on January 1, 2010, Disney Parks hosted the Give a Day, Get a Disney Day volunteer program, in which Disney encouraged people to volunteer with a participating charity and receive a free Disney Day at either a Disneyland Resort or Walt Disney World park."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1990s",
"text": "Because the existing parking lot (south of Disneyland) was repurposed by these projects, the six-level, 10,250-space Mickey and Friends parking structure was constructed in the northwest corner."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "As part of the Casa de Fritos operation at Disneyland, \"Doritos\" (Spanish for \"little golden things\") were created at the park to recycle old tortillas that would have been discarded."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | 1950s and 1960s",
"text": "The Shah of Iran and Empress Farah were invited to Disneyland by Walt Disney in the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the only theme park designed and built to completion under the direct supervision of Walt Disney."
}
] |
Disneyland Park was the only of its kind to be fully created and constructed by the head honcho himself, Mr. Walt Disney.
| 0 | 0 |
Disneyland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; Spanish: [poɾˈfiɾjo ði.as]; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880 and from 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown."
}
] |
rmHqXEi1PLCRpcTDYw52
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1910 election",
"text": "Díaz was forced to resign from office on 25 May 1911 and left the country for Spain six days later, on 31 May 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori ( or ; Spanish: [poɾˈfiɾjo ði.as]; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of 31 years, from 17 February 1877 to 1 December 1880 and from 1 December 1884 to 25 May 1911."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "Accompanying them on their travels was Matías Romero and his U.S.-born wife."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "Despite those developments, the González administration met financial and political difficulties, with the later period bringing the government to bankruptcy and popular opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Diaz succeeded in seizing power, ousting Lerdo in a coup in 1876, with the help of his political supporters, and Diaz was elected in 1877."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He graduated as a military engineer and never served in combat."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Gillow was later appointed archbishop of Oaxaca."
},
{
"section_header": "González presidency, 1880–84",
"text": "During this period, Díaz briefly served as governor of his home state of Oaxaca."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration 1884–1896",
"text": "Diaz expanded the crack police force, the Rurales, who were under control of the president."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Additionally, no one who holds the post, even on a caretaker basis, is allowed to run or serve again."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown."
}
] |
Porfirio Diaz was born in Spain but later served as a politician in Argentinian government.
| 0 | 0 |
Porfirio Diaz
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "No authentic writings of Pythagoras have survived, and almost nothing is known for certain about his life."
}
] |
rmKyksN1ATpwI5jnNAK8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Classical historians debate whether Pythagoras made these discoveries, and many of the accomplishments credited to him likely originated earlier or were made by his colleagues or successors."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "Alcmaeon of Croton, a doctor who lived in Croton at around the same time Pythagoras lived there, incorporates many Pythagorean teachings into his writings and alludes to having possibly known Pythagoras personally."
},
{
"section_header": "Pythagoreanism | Prohibitions and regulations",
"text": "According to Heraclides Ponticus, Pythagoras ate the meat from sacrifices and established a diet for athletes dependent on meat."
},
{
"section_header": "Pythagoreanism | Communal lifestyle",
"text": "Ancient sources record that the Pythagoreans ate meals in common after the manner of the Spartans."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "This story seems to have originated from the writer Neanthes, who told it about later Pythagoreans, not about Pythagoras himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | In early Christianity",
"text": "Many early Christians had a deep respect for Pythagoras."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged travels",
"text": "Like many other important Greek thinkers, Pythagoras was said to have studied in Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "No authentic writings of Pythagoras have survived, and almost nothing is known for certain about his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Pythagoreanism | Communal lifestyle",
"text": "The organization Pythagoras founded at Croton was called a \"school\", but, in many ways, resembled a monastery."
},
{
"section_header": "Attributed discoveries | In astronomy",
"text": "Of the two philosophers, Parmenides has a much stronger claim to having been the first and the attribution of these discoveries to Pythagoras seems to have possibly originated from a pseudepigraphal poem."
}
] |
Many original writings done by Pythagoras are showcased at a museum in Athens .
| 2 | 4 |
Pythagoras
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He started his acting career in the Yiddish theater."
}
] |
rmQjpSZWdm89FGUnSGH6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He was quickly recognized by Maurice Schwartz, who signed him up with his Yiddish Art Theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He started his acting career in the Yiddish theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Muni began acting on Broadway in 1926."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "In addition, his technique in using makeup \"was a work of art.\" Combined with acting which followed no \"method\", he perfected his control of voice and gestures into an acting style that was \"unique."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "A 1925 New York Times article singled out Sam Kasten and Muni's performances at the People's Theater as among the highlights of that year's Yiddish theater season, describing them as second only to Ludwig Satz."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "\" On stage, \"a Muni whisper could reach the last balcony of any theater\", writes the Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also highly skilled in using makeup techniques, a talent he learned from his parents, who were also actors, and from his early years on stage with the Yiddish theater in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He started his acting career in the Yiddish theatre in Chicago with his parents, who were both actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "At London's Phoenix Theatre on July 28, 1949, Muni began a run as Willy Loman in the first English production of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "It wrote that his style \"had drawn into it the warmth of the Yiddish stage\", in which he made his debut at the age of 12."
}
] |
Muni began his acting profession in the Yiddish Art theater.
| 0 | 2 |
Paul Muni
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City."
}
] |
rmjaZTj8gV7i1JPF5NMZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Arrival of Carpathia in New York",
"text": "Some reporters bribed their way aboard the pilot boat New York, which guided Carpathia into harbour, and one even managed to get onto Carpathia before she docked."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Survivors and victims",
"text": "The water temperature was well below normal in the area where Titanic sank."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Sinking",
"text": "For many years it was generally believed the ship sank in one piece; but when the wreck was located many years later, it was discovered that the ship had fully broken in two."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Atlantic crossing",
"text": "One of the ships to warn Titanic was the Atlantic Line's Mesaba."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Sinking",
"text": "Distress signals were sent by wireless, rockets, and lamp, but none of the ships that responded was near enough to reach Titanic before she sank."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Retrieval and burial of the dead",
"text": "Only 333 bodies of Titanic victims were recovered, one in five of the over 1,500 victims."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural",
"text": "The first film about the disaster, Saved from the Titanic, was released only 29 days after the ship sank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural | In Northern Ireland",
"text": "Once a sensitive story, Titanic is now considered one of Northern Ireland's most iconic and uniting symbols."
},
{
"section_header": "Dimensions and layout",
"text": "It was where many of Titanic's passengers and crew made their last stand as the ship sank."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City."
}
] |
The Titanic was on its way to Chicago when it sank.
| 1 | 5 |
Titanic
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan."
}
] |
rn7npT176nMkDfJAEdtP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In a statement, Michael Weiner, the executive director of the MLBPA, said: It is with profound sorrow that we announce the passing of Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Marvin Miller kicked their butts and took power away from the baseball establishment—do you really think those people are going to vote him in?"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Richard M. Moss later went on to become an MLB agent."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, the MLB Players Association created the Marvin Miller Man of the Year Award as one of its annual \"Players Choice Awards\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "From April 1 through April 13, the ballplayers simply stayed away from the ballparks while Miller negotiated with the owners."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "That's the least they owe Marvin Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "That's roughly what happened to Marvin Miller's chances of getting his long overdue recognition in baseball's Hall of Fame.\" Asked to predict his chances before the first results under the revised voting format had been announced, Miller said, \"Let me point out one thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Curt Flood",
"text": "Flood did not take his challenge of the reserve clause lightly and did consult with Miller before suing MLB and Bowie Kuhn."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame consideration",
"text": "Therefore Marvin Miller should be in the Hall of Fame on that basis."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Miller was married to Theresa Morgenstern for 70 years, and the couple had two children, Peter and Susan."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He died on November 27, 2012, at the age of 95, in his home in Manhattan."
}
] |
Marvin Miller passed away 5 years before becoming a centenarian.
| 1 | 5 |
Marvin Miller
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Residences and citizenship",
"text": "On April 22, 2013, she became a citizen of Switzerland and was issued a Swiss passport."
}
] |
rnSLX6bTYDFNNR4cI8r7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical legacy and accolades | Awards, honors, and achievements",
"text": "2020 : Private Dancer was added to the National Recording Registry at the Library of Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Residences and citizenship",
"text": "On January 25, 2013, it was announced that Turner had applied for Swiss citizenship, and that she would relinquish her U.S. citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Residences and citizenship",
"text": "On April 22, 2013, she became a citizen of Switzerland and was issued a Swiss passport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American-born Swiss singer, songwriter, dancer, and actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Residences and citizenship",
"text": "In April, she undertook a mandatory citizenship test which included advanced knowledge of German (the official language of the canton of Zürich) and of Swiss history."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Bullock's introduction to the public as Tina Turner began with the release of \"A Fool"
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner responded by renaming her \"Tina\" because it rhymed with Sheena, however, family and friends still called her Ann."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Origins: 1957–1960",
"text": "Turner added his last name and trademarked the name as a form of protection, so that if Bullock left him like his previous singers had, he could replace her with another \"Tina Turner\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Early success: 1960–1965",
"text": "After the release of \"A Fool in Love\", Ike created the Ike & Tina Turner Revue, which included the Kings of Rhythm and a girl group called the Ikettes backing Tina."
},
{
"section_header": "Ike & Tina Turner | Early success: 1960–1965",
"text": "The Ike & Tina Turner Show, peaking at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot R&B LPs chart in February 1965."
}
] |
Tina Turner is a Swiss national.
| 1 | 2 |
Tina Turner
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it.\" Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as \"the planet exterior to Uranus\" or as \"Le Verrier's planet\"."
}
] |
rntEZM0oCjr6tW7Ih24G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "In 2011, it completed its first full orbit of the Sun since being discovered and returned to where it was first spotted 2° northeast of Iota Aquarii."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "In modern Greek the planet is called Poseidon (Ποσειδώνας, Poseidonas), the Greek counterpart of Neptune."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "In Mongolian, Neptune is called Dalain Van (Далайн ван), reflecting its namesake god's role as the ruler of the sea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "In Māori, the planet is called Tangaroa, named after the Māori god of the sea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "In Nahuatl, the planet is called Tlāloccītlalli, named after the rain god Tlāloc."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics | Internal structure",
"text": "This fluid, which has a high electrical conductivity, is sometimes called a water–ammonia ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Moons",
"text": "Triton was discovered by William Lassell just 17 days after the discovery of Neptune itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Moons",
"text": "From July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery",
"text": "At his first observation in December 1612, Neptune was almost stationary in the sky because it had just turned retrograde that day."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "The first scientifically useful observation of Neptune from ground-based telescopes using adaptive optics was commenced in 1997 from Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Naming",
"text": "That credit belongs only to the person who succeeded both in predicting the planet's place and in convincing astronomers to search for it.\" Shortly after its discovery, Neptune was referred to simply as \"the planet exterior to Uranus\" or as \"Le Verrier's planet\"."
}
] |
After it was discovered, Neptune was first called Platea.
| 0 | 0 |
Neptune
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "By August 1725 the book was complete; and as Gulliver's Travels was a transparently anti-Whig satire, it is likely that Swift had the manuscript copied so that his handwriting could not be used as evidence if a prosecution should arise, as had happened in the case of some of his Irish pamphlets (the Drapier's Letters)."
}
] |
rntaUhZod7kCdMPvT2Dv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "In March 1726 Swift travelled to London to have his work published; the manuscript was secretly delivered to the publisher Benjamin Motte, who used five printing houses to speed production and avoid piracy."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "By August 1725 the book was complete; and as Gulliver's Travels was a transparently anti-Whig satire, it is likely that Swift had the manuscript copied so that his handwriting could not be used as evidence if a prosecution should arise, as had happened in the case of some of his Irish pamphlets (the Drapier's Letters)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history",
"text": "It is known from Swift's correspondence that the composition proper began in 1720 with the mirror-themed Parts I and II written first, Part IV next in 1723 and Part III written in 1724; but amendments were made even while Swift was writing Drapier's Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Misogyny",
"text": "Nussbaum goes on to say in her analysis of the misogyny of the stories that in the adventures, particularly in the first story, the satire isn't singularly focussed on satirizing women, but to satirize Gulliver himself as a politically naive and inept giant whose masculine authority comically seems to be in jeopardy Another criticism of Swift's use of misogyny delves into Gulliver's repeated use of the word 'nauseous,' and the way that Gulliver is fighting his emasculation by commenting on how he thinks the women of Brobdingnag are disgusting."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influences | In other works",
"text": "The earliest of these was the anonymously authored Memoirs of the Court of Lilliput, published 1727, which expands the account of Gulliver's stays in Lilliput and Blefuscu by adding several gossipy anecdotes about scandalous episodes at the Lilliputian court."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history | Faulkner's 1735 edition",
"text": "In 1735 an Irish publisher, George Faulkner, printed a set of Swift's works, Volume III of which was Gulliver's Travels."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influences | In other works",
"text": "Many sequels followed the initial publishing of the Travels."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Four Parts. By Lemuel Gulliver, First a Surgeon, and then a Captain of Several Ships is a 1726 prose satire by the Irish writer and clergyman Jonathan Swift, satirising both human nature and the \"travellers' tales\" literary subgenre."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history | Faulkner's 1735 edition",
"text": "It is also believed that Swift at least reviewed proofs of Faulkner's edition before printing, but this cannot be proved."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Published seven years after Daniel Defoe's successful Robinson Crusoe, Gulliver's Travels may be read as a systematic rebuttal of Defoe's optimistic account of human capability."
}
] |
The 1726 satire Gulliver's Travels was risky to publish and the author even got someone to transcribe it so they couldn't use his handwriting as proof he had written it.
| 3 | 5 |
Gulliver's Travels
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He confirmed the day before his death that he had contracted the disease, having been diagnosed in 1987."
}
] |
rnx4M74BUmy9jAS70KPu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "According to his partner Jim Hutton, Mercury was diagnosed with AIDS in late April 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "Freddie, as evidenced by his Dionysian Live Aid performance, was easily the most godlike of them all.\" Queen roadie Peter Hince states, \"It wasn’t just about his voice but the way he commanded the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Importance in AIDS history",
"text": "In April 1992, the remaining members of Queen founded The Mercury Phoenix Trust and organised The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert for AIDS Awareness, to celebrate the life and legacy of Mercury and raise money for AIDS research, which took place on 20 April 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "One of Mercury's most notable performances with Queen took place at Live Aid in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Importance in AIDS history",
"text": "The Freddie For A Day fundraiser on behalf of the Mercury Phoenix Trust takes place every year in London, with supporters of the charity including Monty Python comedian Eric Idle, and Mel B of the Spice Girls."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Importance in AIDS history",
"text": "The Mercury Phoenix Trust has since raised millions of pounds for various AIDS charities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mercury had continued to record with Queen following his diagnosis, and he was posthumously featured on the band’s final album, Made in Heaven (1995)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "guitarist Brian May. He lived with Austin for several years in West Kensington, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Live performer",
"text": "In reviewing Live Aid in 2005, one critic wrote, \"Those who compile lists of Great Rock Frontmen and award the top spots to Mick Jagger, Robert Plant, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "Mercury's close friend Dave Clark of the Dave Clark Five was at the bedside vigil when he died."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He confirmed the day before his death that he had contracted the disease, having been diagnosed in 1987."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury lived for five years after his diagnosis of AIDS in 1987.
| 3 | 5 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been filmed a number of times, including: Germinal (1913), directed by Albert Capellani, starring Henry Krauss Germinal (1963), directed by Yves Allégret, starring Jean Sorel, Berthe Granval, Claude Brasseur and Bernard Blier. Germinal (1970), a BBC five-part serial with Mark Jones and Rosemary Leach Germinal (1993), a large-scale production directed by Claude Berri and starring Gérard Depardieu and Miou-Miou, at that time the most expensive feature film ever made in France."
}
] |
roafZ1jExDpcqrMwOt1t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first serialized between November 1884 and February 1885 in the periodical Gil Blas, then in March 1885 published as a book."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been filmed a number of times, including: Germinal (1913), directed by Albert Capellani, starring Henry Krauss Germinal (1963), directed by Yves Allégret, starring Jean Sorel, Berthe Granval, Claude Brasseur and Bernard Blier. Germinal (1970), a BBC five-part serial with Mark Jones and Rosemary Leach Germinal (1993), a large-scale production directed by Claude Berri and starring Gérard Depardieu and Miou-Miou, at that time the most expensive feature film ever made in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "the cast and crew still witnessed there led to the formation of a society, \"Germinal l'association\", headed by Depardieu, to alleviate the suffering caused by crippling unemployment in the départements comprising the region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Since then the book has come to symbolize working class causes and to this day retains a special place in French mining-town folklore."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Much of Berri's film was shot on location in the Lens and Valenciennes regions of northern France, and the extensive unemployment and poverty"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Étienne's simplistic understanding of socialist politics and their rousing effect on him are very reminiscent of the rebel Silvère in the first novel in the cycle, La Fortune des Rougon (1871)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Accordingly, Zola ends the novel on a note of hope and one that has provided inspiration to socialist and reformist causes of all kinds throughout the years since its first publication: Beneath the blazing of the sun, in that morning of new growth, the countryside rang with song, as its belly swelled with a black and avenging army of men, germinating slowly in its furrows, growing upwards in readiness for harvests to come, until one day soon their ripening would burst open the earth itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Les Enfants de Germinal. (The children of Germinal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "At his funeral crowds of workers gathered, cheering the cortège with shouts of \"Germinal! Germinal!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "His research had been typically thorough, especially the parts involving lengthy observational visits to northern French mining towns in 1884, such as witnessing the after-effects of a crippling miners' strike first-hand at Anzin or actually going down a working coal pit at Denain."
}
] |
The first movie adaptation of the book, Germinal was done in the 1910's.
| 0 | 0 |
Germinal (novel)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wonder's critical success was at its peak in the 1970s."
}
] |
robN56nk2JuZfnbex4Tz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and recognition | Honorary degrees",
"text": "Stevie Wonder has received many honorary degrees in recognition of his music career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1961–1969: Sixties singles",
"text": "Before signing, producer Clarence Paul gave him the name Little Stevie Wonder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1979: Seventies albums and classic period",
"text": "He also co-wrote and produced the Syreeta Wright album Stevie Wonder Presents: Syreeta."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1990: Commercial period",
"text": "\"It's You\" with Stevie and a few songs of her own."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1961–1969: Sixties singles",
"text": "In 1969 Stevie Wonder participated in the Sanremo Music Festival with the song \"Se tu ragazza mia\", in conjunction with Gabriella Ferri."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1961–1969: Sixties singles",
"text": "The Jazz Soul of Little Stevie was recorded next, an instrumental album consisting mainly of Paul's compositions, two of which, \"Wondering\" and \"Session Number 112\", were co-written with Wonder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1961–1969: Sixties singles",
"text": "he recorded an album of instrumental soul/jazz tracks, mostly harmonica solos, under the title Eivets Rednow, which is \"Stevie Wonder\" spelled backward."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Blind since shortly after his birth, Wonder was a child prodigy known as Little Stevie Wonder, leading him to sign with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980–1990: Commercial period",
"text": "Incidentally, on the occasion of his 35th birthday, Stevie Wonder was honored by the United Nations Special Committee Against Apartheid for his stance against racism in South Africa that same year (1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970–1979: Seventies albums and classic period",
"text": "In 1976, when Paul Simon won the Album Of The Year Grammy for his Still Crazy After All These Years, he wryly noted, \"I'd like to thank Stevie Wonder, who didn't make an album this year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wonder's critical success was at its peak in the 1970s."
}
] |
Stevie Wonder was at the height of his career in the 70s.
| 0 | 0 |
Stevie Wonder
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film wrapped in December 2012, although additional footage was shot in November 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road is a 2015 Australian post-apocalyptic action film co-written, co-produced, and directed by George Miller."
}
] |
rp2BZzLT1Fb74ai7WoPH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road contains 2,000 visual effects shots."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "His manipulation of every shot in that movie is intense."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The third, Mad Max: Fury Road –"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film wrapped in December 2012, although additional footage was shot in November 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "What a lovely day, indeed. \" Scott Mendelson of Forbes gave the film 10 out of 10 and wrote, \"Mad Max: Fury Road is a remarkable and glorious motion picture, not just one of the great action movies of our time but also a great and timely film, period.\" Alonso Duralde of TheWrap wrote, \"In the same way that the original 1979 Mad Max was the Citizen Kane of gut-bucket Australian exploitation cinema, Mad Max: Fury Road may well be the Götterdämmerung of drive-in movies."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Prequel comics",
"text": "The final issue, Mad Max: Fury Road – Mad Max #2, was released on 5 August."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road became a moderate box office success theatrically."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road was listed on many critics' top ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In July 2010, Miller announced plans to shoot two Mad Max films back-to-back, entitled Mad Max: Fury Road and Mad Max: Furiosa."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The musical score for Mad Max: Fury Road was written by the Dutch composer Tom Holkenborg"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mad Max: Fury Road is a 2015 Australian post-apocalyptic action film co-written, co-produced, and directed by George Miller."
}
] |
The British movie Mad Max: Fury Road was partly shot in 2013.
| 0 | 0 |
Mad Max: Fury Road
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "Illustrating that over a long period of time, the United Nations was working towards isolating the state of South Africa, by putting pressure on the Apartheid regime."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "After much debate, by the late-1980s, the United States, the United Kingdom, and 23 other nations had passed laws placing various trade sanctions on South Africa."
}
] |
rpXUY6aMfbTKFOCwhmHJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Presidency of F. W. de Klerk",
"text": "The Land Act was brought to an end."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "In 1977, the voluntary UN arms embargo became mandatory with the passing of Resolution 418."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Sport under apartheid",
"text": "Mandela's open support of the predominantly white rugby fraternity during the 1995 Rugby World Cup was considered instrumental in bringing together South African sports fans of all races."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Presidency of F. W. de Klerk",
"text": "Having been instructed by the UN Security Council to end its long-standing involvement in South West Africa/Namibia, and in the face of military stalemate in Southern Angola, and an escalation in the size and cost of the combat with the Cubans, the Angolans, and SWAPO forces and the growing cost of the border war, South Africa negotiated a change of control; Namibia became independent on 21 March 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Factors | Western influence",
"text": "Investment in South Africa was ending and an active policy of disinvestment had begun."
},
{
"section_header": "Society during apartheid | Sport under apartheid",
"text": "In the 1980s, as the oppressive system was slowly collapsing the ANC and National Party started negotiations on the end of apartheid."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "Although South Africa's racial policies were a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was a domestic affair, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Negotiations",
"text": "Mandela argued that de Klerk, as head of state, was responsible for bringing an end to the bloodshed."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years of apartheid | Negotiations",
"text": "In the aftermath, Mandela and de Klerk agreed to meet to find ways to end the spiralling violence."
},
{
"section_header": "Institution | Legislation",
"text": "This Act put an end to diverse areas and determined where one lived according to race."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "Illustrating that over a long period of time, the United Nations was working towards isolating the state of South Africa, by putting pressure on the Apartheid regime."
},
{
"section_header": "International relations during apartheid | United Nations",
"text": "After much debate, by the late-1980s, the United States, the United Kingdom, and 23 other nations had passed laws placing various trade sanctions on South Africa."
}
] |
The UN was instrumental in ending Apartheid.
| 1 | 2 |
Apartheid
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1944–present: Republic of Iceland",
"text": "On 31 December 1943, the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union expired after 25 years."
}
] |
rpXasZITRGvhCUWR7RLk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1944–present: Republic of Iceland",
"text": "A few years later, Iceland became the first country to recognise the independence of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania as they broke away from the USSR."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Rifle shooting became very popular in the 19th century with the encouragement of politicians and nationalists who were pushing for Icelandic independence."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Middle Ages",
"text": "Possession of Iceland passed from the Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) to the Kalmar Union in 1415, when the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark and Sweden were united."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1814–1918: Independence movement",
"text": "In 1814, following the Napoleonic Wars, Denmark-Norway was broken up into two separate kingdoms via the Treaty of Kiel"
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Economic contraction",
"text": "Thousands of Icelanders have moved from the country after the collapse, and many of those moved to Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Economic contraction",
"text": "In 2005, 293 people moved from Iceland to Norway; in 2009, the figure was 1,625."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1918–1944: Independence and the Kingdom of Iceland",
"text": "Iceland's legal position became comparable to those of countries belonging to the Commonwealth of Nations such as Canada whose sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Government",
"text": "In 2009, Iceland became the first country with an openly gay head of government when Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir became prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1814–1918: Independence movement",
"text": "An Icelandic independence movement took shape in the 1850s under the leadership of Jón Sigurðsson, based on the burgeoning Icelandic nationalism inspired by the Fjölnismenn and other Danish-educated Icelandic intellectuals."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1918–1944: Independence and the Kingdom of Iceland",
"text": "The Danish–Icelandic Act of Union, an agreement with Denmark signed on 1 December 1918 and valid for 25 years, recognised Iceland as a fully sovereign and independent state in a personal union with Denmark."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1944–present: Republic of Iceland",
"text": "On 31 December 1943, the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union expired after 25 years."
}
] |
Iceland became independent from Norway in the 1900s.
| 0 | 0 |
Iceland
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement | Death",
"text": "Santo died at 12:40 am on December 3, 2010 in a hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona, due to complications from bladder cancer and diabetes. (Many media outlets reported the date as \"the night of the 2nd\" or \"overnight\".) Santo had lapsed into a coma on December 1."
}
] |
rpZ1aPCgMYvuBnUfZBX6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs (1960–1973) | Heel click",
"text": "Going into the bottom of the ninth inning, the Expos were leading 6–3."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs (1960–1973) | Heel click",
"text": "When Hickman reached home plate, Santo was so excited that after congratulating him by bear hugging and pounding him on his head, Santo ran down the third base line and jumped three times, clicking his heels on each jump."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs (1960–1973) | Heel click",
"text": "When the Cubs began their September swoon, which took place shortly after Santo called out rookie teammate Don Young in public after a loss against the Mets in New York, he discontinued the heel click routine suddenly."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement | Death",
"text": "Santo died at 12:40 am on December 3, 2010 in a hospital in Scottsdale, Arizona, due to complications from bladder cancer and diabetes. (Many media outlets reported the date as \"the night of the 2nd\" or \"overnight\".) Santo had lapsed into a coma on December 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs (1960–1973) | Trade veto",
"text": "The Cubs had agreed upon a deal to send Santo to the California Angels; the ballclub would have received in return two young pitchers: Andy Hassler, who went on to have a middling career as a reliever/spot starter, and Bruce Heinbechner, a very highly regarded left-handed pitching prospect, who died before the beginning of the 1974 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs (1960–1973) | Heel click",
"text": "Santo continued this after every home win."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1979, Santo endorsed the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation's annual Ron Santo Walk to Cure Diabetes in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Chicago Cubs (1960–1973)",
"text": "Santo was interviewed by Tom Harmon, narrator of the film A Glimpse of Greatness–The Story of Ken Hubbs, in which Santo paid the highest respects to the young Hubbs."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Santo married Vicki in 1982 and they lived in Bannockburn, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement | Charities",
"text": "The Santo family has been involved with the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation since 1979, with the annual Ron Santo Walk to Cure Diabetes in Chicago having raised over $65 million for the organization."
}
] |
Ran Santo died of an explosive aneurysm in his brain suddenly and quickly.
| 3 | 7 |
Ron Santo
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Financial crisis and famine",
"text": "To gain funds, Caligula asked the public to lend the state money."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Early reign",
"text": "Suetonius said that over 160,000 animals were sacrificed during three months of public rejoicing to usher in the new reign."
}
] |
rpoJxMKCTjlHBoHFuEG0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Public reform",
"text": "He published the accounts of public funds, which had not been made public during the reign of Tiberius."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Early reign",
"text": "He helped those who had been harmed by the imperial tax system, banished certain sexual deviants, and put on lavish spectacles for the public, including gladiatorial games."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Financial crisis and famine",
"text": "To gain funds, Caligula asked the public to lend the state money."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Early reign",
"text": "Suetonius said that over 160,000 animals were sacrificed during three months of public rejoicing to usher in the new reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Public reform",
"text": "He aided those who lost property in fires, abolished certain taxes, and gave out prizes to the public at gymnastic events."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Public reform",
"text": "In 38, Caligula focused his attention on political and public reform."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Early reign",
"text": "Seneca the Elder and Philo, who both wrote during Tiberius's reign, as well as Josephus, record Tiberius as dying a natural death."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Financial crisis and famine",
"text": "Tiberius had left him in so short a time."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Construction",
"text": "Despite financial difficulties, Caligula embarked on a number of construction projects during his reign."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor | Eastern policy",
"text": "Caligula needed to quell several riots and conspiracies in the eastern territories during his reign."
}
] |
Emperor Caligula mercilessly taxed the Roman public to fund his propensity for hosting games, menageries, and festivals in his city during his short reign, which attributed to his violent end.
| 3 | 7 |
Caligula
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The effects of diffraction of light were first carefully observed and characterized by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the Latin diffringere, 'to break into pieces', referring to light breaking up into different directions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word \"diffraction\" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660."
}
] |
rpzfUCWqVzsLaGUgzJtY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is defined as the bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The characteristic bending pattern is most pronounced when a wave from a coherent source (such as a laser) encounters a slit/aperture that is comparable in size to its wavelength, as shown in the inserted image."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Single-slit diffraction",
"text": "We can find the angle at which a first minimum is obtained in the diffracted light by the following reasoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Propagation of a laser beam",
"text": "It is possible to reduce the divergence of a laser beam by first expanding it with one convex lens, and then collimating it with a second convex lens whose focal point is coincident with that of the first lens."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "James Gregory (1638–1675) observed the diffraction patterns caused by a bird feather, which was effectively the first diffraction grating to be discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "θ is the angle of the diffracted wave."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word \"diffraction\" and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Diffraction-limited imaging",
"text": "The light is not focused to a point but forms an Airy disk having a central spot in the focal plane with radius to first null of d"
},
{
"section_header": "Bragg diffraction",
"text": "It is similar to what occurs when waves are scattered from a diffraction grating."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Diffraction-limited imaging",
"text": "The Rayleigh criterion specifies that two point sources can be considered to be resolvable if the separation of the two images is at least the radius of the Airy disk, i.e. if the first minimum of one coincides with the maximum of the other."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The effects of diffraction of light were first carefully observed and characterized by Francesco Maria Grimaldi, who also coined the term diffraction, from the Latin diffringere, 'to break into pieces', referring to light breaking up into different directions."
}
] |
Diffraction is the bending of waves and was first defined by a male.
| 2 | 4 |
Diffraction
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Johnson had an older sister Mary Emma and a younger brother John, both of whom were named after heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson, a long-time friend of William Henry."
}
] |
rqGMjWlcE6fne1IKonEz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "William Henry bought two pairs of boxing gloves: one pair for his son and the other for Mary Emma, his sparring partner."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "The rookie ballplayer was soon adorned with the nickname \"Judy\" because of his resemblance to Chicago American Giants pitcher Judy Gans; the name stuck with Johnson for the duration of his baseball career."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early life",
"text": "Johnson had an older sister Mary Emma and a younger brother John, both of whom were named after heavyweight boxer Jack Johnson, a long-time friend of William Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnson is regarded as one of the greatest third basemen of the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was hired as an assistant coach by the Philadelphia Athletics in 1954, becoming one of the first African Americans signed to a coaching position on a major league ball club."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The 1930s",
"text": "The 1932 Crawfords team is considered one of the greatest squads ever assembled, often receiving comparisons to the New York Yankees' 1927 team known as the Murderers' Row."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later life and legacy",
"text": "As one of the oldest surviving stars of the Negro leagues, Johnson was offered a seat on the Committee on Negro Baseball Leagues when it was appointed by MLB commissioner Bowie Kuhn in 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The Hilldale Daisies (1921-1929)",
"text": "Johnson led both teams with a .364 BA and hit a clutch Inside-the-park home run in Game Five of the best-of-nine series, but the Daisies lost, five games to four (with one tied game)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Later life and legacy",
"text": "His home, the William Julius \"Judy\" Johnson House in Marshallton, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | The 1930s",
"text": "The Grays, however, did not seriously pursue Gibson—the team already had two catchers, Buck Ewing and Vic Harris, on its roster."
}
] |
Judy Johnson's two siblings, one male and one female, shared their name with their dad's boxing friend.
| 0 | 0 |
Judy Johnson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
}
] |
rqPMla3xAGoCW2x4J025
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick was born to former minor league baseball player Larry Gillick in Chico, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1997, Gillick was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick returned to his senior advisor role after the Phillies promoted Andy MacPhail to president, who first joined the Phillies organization as a special assistant to Gillick during the 2015 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2002, Gillick was inducted into the Toronto Blue Jays' Level of Excellence"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gillick had to wire his grandmother for $25 to finance his last leg from Montana to Vulcan."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick remained in the organization as a senior advisor to Amaro and Phillies president David Montgomery."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "In August 2014, Gillick became interim president of the Phillies while Montgomery was on medical leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2018, Gillick became the first executive inducted into the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame"
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "In 1995, Gillick was named the general manager of the Baltimore Orioles to replace Roland Hemond, who had resigned."
},
{
"section_header": "Front office career",
"text": "Gillick had permanent residence in Toronto with his wife Doris, however they have since relocated to Seattle after he became the Phillies GM."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was also a gifted pitcher, playing on the 1958 National Title baseball team at USC and spending five years in the minor league systems of the Baltimore Orioles and Pittsburgh Pirates, venturing as high as Triple-A. A left-hander, Gillick posted a win/loss record of 45–32 with an earned run average of 3.42 in 164 minor league games."
}
] |
Pat Gillick was a master of the pitcher's mound.
| 0 | 0 |
Pat Gillick
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction types",
"text": "It is responsible for the (rare) deflection of neutrinos."
}
] |
rqerOwduJzXisS7AJ3wS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interaction types | Charged-current interaction",
"text": "In one type of charged current interaction, a charged lepton (such as an electron or a muon, having a charge of −1) can absorb a W+ boson (a particle with a charge of +1) and be thereby converted into a corresponding neutrino (with a charge of 0), where the type (\"flavour\") of neutrino (electron, muon or tau) is the same as the type of lepton in the interaction, for example: μ"
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "It is also the only one that violates charge-parity CP symmetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "The electrically charged weak interaction is unique in a number of respects: It is the only interaction that can change the flavour of quarks (i.e., of changing one type of quark into another)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The weak interaction is the only fundamental interaction that breaks parity-symmetry, and similarly, the only one to break charge parity symmetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction types",
"text": "It is responsible for the (rare) deflection of neutrinos."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction types | Charged-current interaction",
"text": "More precisely, the down-type quark becomes a quantum superposition of up-type quarks: that is to say, it has a possibility of becoming any one of the three up-type quarks, with the probabilities given in the CKM matrix tables."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "Scaled up by just one and a half orders of magnitude, at distances of around 3×10−17 m, the weak interaction becomes 10,000 times weaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of the four known force-related fundamental interactions of nature, alongside the strong interaction, electromagnetism, and gravitation."
},
{
"section_header": "Violation of symmetry",
"text": "The results of an experiment viewed via a mirror were expected to be identical to the results of a mirror-reflected copy of the experimental apparatus."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "For example, a neutron is heavier than a proton (its partner nucleon), and can decay into a proton by changing the flavour (type) of one of its two down quarks to an up quark."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, which is also often called the weak force or weak nuclear force, is the mechanism of interaction between subatomic particles that is responsible for the radioactive decay of atoms."
}
] |
One of the types of weak interaction results in an unusual effect on neutrinos.
| 1 | 3 |
Weak interaction
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the Second World War, Traynor was often cited as the greatest third baseman in MLB history."
}
] |
rqylKSfQj2KhC2FAeS0x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1933 MLB held its inaugural All-Star Game and, Traynor was selected as a reserve player for the NL team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Following the advice of Rogers Hornsby, he began using a heavier bat in 1923 and blossomed into one of the best hitters in the National League (NL) ."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Traynor was considered the best fielding third baseman of his era, leading the National League in fielding percentage once, assists and double plays three times and putouts seven times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the Second World War, Traynor was often cited as the greatest third baseman in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Traynor is the only MLB player to steal home plate in an All-Star Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The store owner called him \"Pie Face\", which was later shortened to Pie by his friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Joseph \"Pie\" Traynor (November 11, 1898 – March 16, 1972) was an American professional baseball player, manager, scout and radio broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement and legacy",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked number 70 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "A different baseball was used in MLB in 1931, and Traynor's batting average decreased to .298."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played his entire Major League Baseball (MLB) career (1920–1937) as a third baseman with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
Pie Trynor was considered the best player at his position in MLB history and played his whole career for one team.
| 2 | 3 |
Pie Traynor
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms",
"text": "The disease course is divided into four stages, with a progressive pattern of cognitive and functional impairment."
}
] |
rsOBWMc4miCkyUF0nk3d
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prognosis",
"text": "The early stages of Alzheimer's disease are difficult to diagnose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alzheimer's disease (AD), also referred to simply as Alzheimer's, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and gradually worsens over time."
},
{
"section_header": "Signs and symptoms",
"text": "The disease course is divided into four stages, with a progressive pattern of cognitive and functional impairment."
},
{
"section_header": "Causes | Amyloid hypothesis",
"text": "Jakob disease, thus potentially linking the underlying mechanism of these neurodegenerative disorders with that of Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first described by, and later named after, German psychiatrist and pathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The term senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) was used for a time to describe the condition in those over 65, with classical Alzheimer's disease being used to describe those who were younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagnosis",
"text": "Alzheimer's disease is usually diagnosed based on the person's medical history, history from relatives, and behavioural observations."
},
{
"section_header": "Pathophysiology | Disease mechanism",
"text": "Obesity and systemic inflammation may interfere with immunological processes which promote disease progression."
},
{
"section_header": "Diagnosis",
"text": "Moreover, it may predict conversion from prodromal stages (mild cognitive impairment) to Alzheimer's disease."
},
{
"section_header": "Prevention | Diet",
"text": "Conclusions on dietary components have at times been difficult to ascertain as results have differed between population-based studies and randomised controlled trials."
}
] |
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to diagnose, has four stages that progress over time, and officially got its name in 1906.
| 0 | 1 |
Alzheimer's disease
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "Transcription can be measured and detected in a variety of ways: G-Less Cassette transcription assay: measures promoter strength"
}
] |
rsV6doGIMiQZNgKqgS4i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "Northern blot: the traditional method, and until the advent of RNA-Seq, the most quantitative"
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "With the notable exception of in situ techniques, most other methods provide cell population averages, and are not capable of detecting this fundamental property of genes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This is done by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary DNA nucleotides."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "Transcription can be measured and detected in a variety of ways: G-Less Cassette transcription assay: measures promoter strength"
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": ": measures the relative abundance of newly formed transcripts KAS-seq: measures single-stranded DNA generated by RNA polymerases; can work with 1,000 cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "RT-PCR: measures the absolute abundance of total or nuclear RNA levels, which may however differ from transcription rates"
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "DNA microarrays: measures the relative abundance of the global total or nuclear RNA levels; however, these may differ from transcription rates"
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "RNA-Seq: applies next-generation sequencing techniques to sequence whole transcriptomes, which allows the measurement of relative abundance of RNA, as well as the detection of additional variations such as fusion genes, post-transcriptional edits and novel splice sites"
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "Run-off transcription assay: identifies transcription start sites (TSS) Nuclear run-on assay"
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring and detecting",
"text": "This new approach has revealed that transcription occurs in discontinuous bursts, or pulses (see Transcriptional bursting)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Transcription is the first of several steps of DNA based gene expression in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase."
}
] |
The measurement of Transcription can be done in various methods.
| 1 | 6 |
Transcription (genetics)
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Currently, he is the color commentator for the Minnesota Twins on Fox Sports North."
}
] |
rsmTK0njjzZRBsWd1zhS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentating career",
"text": "In 1996, Blyleven became a color commentator for the Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "\" Blyleven was the first Dutch-born player inducted, and his Hall of Fame plaque depicts him with a Minnesota Twins cap."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2010, Blyleven had 74.2% of the votes, missing admission to the Hall of Fame by only 5 votes (0.8%).Blyleven was inducted to the Hall of Fame in 2011 after receiving 79.7% of the vote on his 14th attempt."
},
{
"section_header": "Commentating career",
"text": "Fans—both at home and at road games—carry signs to the games saying \"Circle me Bert."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Blyleven was inducted into the Minnesota Twins Hall of Fame in 2002 and was chosen to the fan-elected \"Wendy's- Minnesota Twins All-Metrodome Team\" on July 28, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bert was a terrific pitcher—a dominating pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bert Blyleven (born Rik Aalbert Blijleven, April 6, 1951) is a Dutch American former professional baseball pitcher who played from 1970 to 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "MLB Hall of Fame third baseman Brooks Robinson said of Blyleven: \"[his curveball] was nasty, I'll tell you that."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "After his first year of Baseball Hall of Fame eligibility in 1998, Blyleven was widely considered to be the best eligible pitcher not yet enshrined."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Currently, he is the color commentator for the Minnesota Twins on Fox Sports North."
}
] |
Bert Blyleven is a commentator for the Cincinnati Reds and was inducted to the hall of famer .
| 2 | 8 |
Bert Blyleven
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The common belief is that the code contained 282 laws in total."
}
] |
rt3cw0Nwq5cB3Vb3EDYk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Laws covered",
"text": "’s Code are known. Each law is written in two parts: A specific situation or case is outlined, then a corresponding decision is given."
},
{
"section_header": "Laws of Hammurabi's Code",
"text": "The Code of Hammurabi is the longest surviving text from the Old Babylonian period."
},
{
"section_header": "Laws of Hammurabi's Code",
"text": "The Code of Hammurabi was one of the only sets of laws in the ancient Near East and also one of the first forms of law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology)."
},
{
"section_header": "Laws of Hammurabi's Code",
"text": "While the Code of Hammurabi was trying to achieve equality, biases still existed against those categorized in the lower end of the social spectrum and some of the punishments and justice could be gruesome."
},
{
"section_header": "Laws of Hammurabi's Code",
"text": "The occasional nature of many provisions suggests that the code may be better understood as a codification of Hammurabi's supplementary judicial decisions, and that, by memorializing his wisdom and justice, its purpose may have been the self-glorification of Hammurabi rather than a modern legal code or constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Laws covered",
"text": "Today, approximately 275 laws from Hammurabi"
},
{
"section_header": "Other copies",
"text": "The Prologue of the Code of Hammurabi (the first 305 inscribed squares on the stele) is on such a tablet, also at the Louvre (Inv #AO 10237)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other copies",
"text": "Various copies of portions of the Code of Hammurabi have been found on baked clay tablets, some possibly older than the celebrated basalt stele now in the Louvre."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The common belief is that the code contained 282 laws in total."
}
] |
Code of Hammurabi is believed to have two hundred and eighty two laws.
| 1 | 3 |
Code of Hammurabi
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a native of Tuscany."
}
] |
rtrLJsjdXjRXSElKnuq4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "On the fundamental dignity of Christians",
"text": "In his In Nativitate Domini, Christmas Day, sermon, \"Christian, remember your dignity\", Leo articulates a fundamental dignity common to all Christians, whether saints or sinners, and the consequent obligation to live up to it: Our Saviour, dearly-beloved, was born today: let us be glad."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Despite his defeat at the Battle of Chalons in 451, Attila invaded Italy in 452, sacking cities such as Aquileia and heading for Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Plague broke out in the barbarian host and their food ran short, and at the same time troops arrived from the east, sent by Marcian to the aid of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "The question of Honoria was left unsettled, and he threatened that he would come again and do worse things in Italy unless she were given up with the due portion of the Imperial possessions."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings | Council of Chalcedon",
"text": "Leo demanded of the emperor that an ecumenical council should be held in Italy, and in the meantime, at a Roman synod in October 449, repudiated all the decisions of the \"Robber Synod\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun in 452 and allegedly persuaded him to turn back from his invasion of Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "The pope may have offered Attila a large sum of gold or Attila may have had logistical and strategic concerns: an army probably laden with booty from plunder; a plague in northern Italy; food shortages; military actions of the Eastern Emperor Marcianus on the Danube frontier."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "According to Prosper of Aquitaine who was alive at the time of the event, Attila was so impressed by Leo that he withdrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "Leo did, however, assist in rebuilding the city of Rome, restoring key places such as Saint Peter's."
},
{
"section_header": "Leo and Attila",
"text": "In response, the emperor sent three envoys to negotiate with Attila: Gennadius Avienus, one of the consuls of 450, Memmius Aemilius Trygetius, the former urban prefect, and Leo."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to the Liber Pontificalis, he was a native of Tuscany."
}
] |
Leo I was born in Italy.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Leo I
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo was born a criollo. Both of Hidalgo's parents were descended from well-respected families within the criollo community."
}
] |
ruHBbhyzYcZkuHRs9Obx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor (8 May 1753 – 30 July 1811), more commonly known as Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla or Miguel Hidalgo (Spanish pronunciation: [miˈɣel iˈðalɣo]), was a Spanish Roman Catholic priest, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence, and recognized as the Father of the Nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\"Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla had the unique distinction of being a father in three senses of the word: a priestly father in the Roman Catholic Church, a biological father who produced illegitimate children in violation of his clerical vows, and the father of his country."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "Long live our most Holy Mother of Guadalupe!"
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo's father was an hacienda manager in Valladolid, Michoacán, where Hidalgo spent the majority of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" He has been hailed as the Father of the Nation even though it was Agustín de Iturbide and not Hidalgo who achieved Mexican Independence in 1821."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo was the second-born child of Don Cristóbal Hidalgo y Costilla and Doña Ana María Gallaga Mandarte Villaseñor."
},
{
"section_header": "Education, ordination, and early career",
"text": "He later lived with a woman named María Manuela Herrera, fathering two daughters out of wedlock with her, and later fathered three other children with a woman named Josefa Quintana."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco"
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "This caused friction between Allende and Hidalgo as early as the capture of San Miguel in late September 1810."
},
{
"section_header": "Hidalgo's army – from Celaya to Monte de las Cruces",
"text": "San Miguel and Celaya were captured with little resistance."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Hidalgo was born a criollo. Both of Hidalgo's parents were descended from well-respected families within the criollo community."
}
] |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla's mother and father were of Spanish ancestry.
| 1 | 2 |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "Booth's parents were noted British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his mistress, Mary Ann Holmes, who moved to the United States from England in June 1821."
}
] |
rutM6tIWMQp4FQhK2tyn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Theories of Booth's escape",
"text": "Others positively identified this body as Booth at the funeral home, including Booth's mother, brother, and sister, along with his dentist and other Baltimore acquaintances."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "Booth's father built Tudor Hall on the Harford County property as the family's summer home in 1851, while also maintaining a winter residence on Exeter Street in Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination of Lincoln",
"text": "The hole was bored by my father ... [to] allow the guard ... to look into the box\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "In his dying moments, he reportedly whispered, \"Tell my mother"
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "Booth aspired to follow in the footsteps of his father and his actor brothers Edwin and Junius Brutus,"
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years | Plot to kidnap Lincoln",
"text": "They began to meet routinely at the boarding house of Surratt's mother, Mary Surratt."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "... I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession."
},
{
"section_header": "Civil War years",
"text": "\"You have so often been dead in love,\" his mother counseled Booth in a letter, \"be well assured she is really and truly devoted to you.\" Booth composed a handwritten Valentine card for his fiancée on February 13, expressing his \"adoration\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Theories of Booth's escape",
"text": "In 1994 two historians together with several descendants sought a court order for the exhumation of Booth's body at Green Mount Cemetery which was, according to their lawyer, \"intended to prove or disprove longstanding theories on Booth's escape\" by conducting a photo-superimposition analysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Theories of Booth's escape",
"text": "Pegram had known Booth well as a young man; he submitted a sworn statement that the body which he had seen in 1869 was Booth's."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and early life",
"text": "Booth's parents were noted British Shakespearean actor Junius Brutus Booth and his mistress, Mary Ann Holmes, who moved to the United States from England in June 1821."
}
] |
Booth's mother and father were both writers.
| 0 | 0 |
John Wilkes Booth
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Microsoft adopted the so-called \"Pac-Man Logo\", designed by Scott Baker, in 1987."
}
] |
rvSrj8FEjuWyZFnwMD9I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Microsoft adopted the so-called \"Pac-Man Logo\", designed by Scott Baker, in 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Baker stated \"The new logo, in Helvetica italic typeface, has a slash between the o and s to emphasize the \"soft\" part of the name and convey motion and speed.\" Dave Norris ran an internal joke campaign to save the old logo, which was green, in all uppercase, and featured a fanciful letter O, nicknamed the blibbet, but it was discarded."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "Microsoft's logo with the tagline \"Your potential."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "The logo resembles the opening of one of the commercials for Windows 95."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "The new logo also includes four squares with the colors of the then-current Windows logo which have been used to represent Microsoft's four major products: Windows (blue), Office (red), Xbox (green) and Bing (yellow)."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "In 2002, the company started using the logo in the United States and eventually started a television campaign with the slogan, changed from the previous tagline of \"Where do you want to go today?\" During the private MGX (Microsoft Global Exchange) conference in 2010, Microsoft unveiled the company's next tagline, \"Be What's Next."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Logo",
"text": "\"On August 23, 2012, Microsoft unveiled a new corporate logo at the opening of its 23rd Microsoft store in Boston, indicating the company's shift of focus from the classic style to the tile-centric modern interface, which it uses/will use on the Windows Phone platform, Xbox 360, Windows 8 and the upcoming Office Suites."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Marketing",
"text": "Penn created a series of negative advertisements targeting one of Microsoft's chief competitors, Google."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox",
"text": "Microsoft created Windows CE 1.0, a new OS designed for devices with low memory and other constraints, such as personal digital assistants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company's 1986 initial public offering (IPO), and subsequent rise in its share price, created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees."
}
] |
Micorsoft's logo was created by Scott Baker.
| 0 | 3 |
Microsoft
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Canopus , also designated α Carinae, Latinised to Alpha Carinae, is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina and the second-brightest star in the night sky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a visual apparent magnitude of −0.74, it is outshone only by Sirius."
}
] |
rwQN1oE03InIn0ockxqg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance | India",
"text": "In Indian Vedic literature, Canopus is associated with the sage Agastya, one of the ancient siddhars and rishis (the others are associated with the stars of the Big Dipper)."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "Canopus is bright at microwave wavelengths, one of the few F-class stars to be detected by radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Canopus , also designated α Carinae, Latinised to Alpha Carinae, is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina and the second-brightest star in the night sky."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "No star closer than Canopus is more luminous than it, and it has been the brightest star in Earth's night sky during three epochs over the past four million years."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance | India",
"text": "The Bedouin people of the Negev and Sinai also knew Canopus as Suhayl, and used it and Polaris as the two principal stars for navigation at night."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a visual apparent magnitude of −0.74, it is outshone only by Sirius."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in navigation",
"text": "The south celestial pole can be approximately located using Canopus and another bright star, Achernar."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "The first of these is that bright Star in the sterne of Argo which they call Canobus."
},
{
"section_header": "Spectrum",
"text": "In the Bright Star Catalogue 5th edition it is given the spectral class F0II, the luminosity class indicating a bright giant."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance | Polynesia",
"text": "Canopus served as the southern wingtip of a \"Great Bird\" constellation called Manu, with Sirius as the body and Procyon the northern wingtip, which divided the Polynesian night sky into two hemispheres."
}
] |
Canopus is a bright star in the night sky and is only outshone by one other star.
| 0 | 0 |
Canopus
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade."
}
] |
rwRtY1WvTde8rzjzyhUK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Classification | Modern classifications",
"text": "This is intended to make the classification more stable in the long term and easier to update."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology",
"text": "Protists make up a large portion of the biomass in both marine and terrestrial environments."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Historical classifications",
"text": "The kingdom Protista was later modified to separate prokaryotes into the separate kingdom of Monera, leaving the protists as a group of eukaryotic microorganisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecology | Parasitism: role as pathogens",
"text": "This makes therapeutic target development extremely difficult – a drug that harms a protist parasite is also likely to harm its animal/plant host."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Modern classifications",
"text": "The most popular contemporary definition is a phylogenetic one, that identifies a paraphyletic group: a protist is any eukaryote that is not an animal, (land) plant, or (true) fungus; this definition excludes many unicellular groups, like the Microsporidia (fungi), many Chytridiomycetes (fungi), and yeasts (fungi), and also a non-unicellular group included in Protista in the past, the Myxozoa (animal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In cladistic systems (classifications based on common ancestry), there are no equivalents to the taxa Protista or Protoctista, as both terms refer to a paraphyletic group that spans the entire eukaryotic tree of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Physiology, ecology and paleontology",
"text": "Protista, part B Protista, part B (vol. 1 , Charophyta, vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Protista\", \"Protoctista\", and \"Protozoa\" are therefore considered obsolete."
},
{
"section_header": "Subdivisions",
"text": "The term protista was first used by Ernst Haeckel in 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Metabolism",
"text": "Most eukaryotic algae are autotrophic, but the pigments were lost in some groups."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While it is likely that protists share a common ancestor (the last eukaryotic common ancestor), the exclusion of other eukaryotes means that protists do not form a natural group, or clade."
}
] |
Protistas don't make a group.
| 0 | 3 |
Protista
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Michael Nyman has worked sporadically on Tristram Shandy as an opera since 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2005, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation by Graham White in ten 15-minute episodes directed by Mary Peate, with Neil Dudgeon as Tristram, Julia Ford as Mother, David Troughton as Father, Adrian Scarborough as Toby, Paul Ritter as Trim, Tony Rohr as Dr Slop, Stephen Hogan as Obadiah, Helen Longworth as Susannah, Ndidi Del Fatti as Great-Grandmother, Stuart McLoughlin as Great-Grandfather/Pontificating Man and Hugh Dickson as Bishop Hall."
}
] |
rwpDFqKsBUBqAIi0Ccyy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, also known as just Tristram Shandy, is a novel by Laurence Sterne."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Tristram Shandy has been adapted as a graphic novel by cartoonist Martin Rowson."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence",
"text": "Novelist Javier Marías cites Tristram Shandy as the book that changed his life when he translated it into Spanish at 25, claiming that from it he \"learned almost everything about novel writing, and that a novel may contain anything and still be a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2005, BBC Radio 4 broadcast an adaptation by Graham White in ten 15-minute episodes directed by Mary Peate, with Neil Dudgeon as Tristram, Julia Ford as Mother, David Troughton as Father, Adrian Scarborough as Toby, Paul Ritter as Trim, Tony Rohr as Dr Slop, Stephen Hogan as Obadiah, Helen Longworth as Susannah, Ndidi Del Fatti as Great-Grandmother, Stuart McLoughlin as Great-Grandfather/Pontificating Man and Hugh Dickson as Bishop Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Michael Nyman has worked sporadically on Tristram Shandy as an opera since 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "Well known in philosophy and mathematics, the so-called paradox of Tristram Shandy was introduced by Bertrand Russell in his book The Principles of Mathematics to evidentiate the inner contradictions that arise from the assumption that infinite sets can have the same cardinality—as would be the case with a gentleman who spends one year to write the story of one day of his life, if he were able to write for an infinite length of time."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "In the Hermann Hesse novel \" The Journey to the East\", Tristram Shandy is listed as one of the co-founders of The League."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "Russian writer Alexander Zhitinsky made multiple references to Tristram Shandy in his novel The Flying House, or Conversations with Milord (the \"milord\" of the title being Sterne)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arthur Schopenhauer cited Tristram Shandy as one of the greatest novels ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "References to Tristram Shandy",
"text": "Slope is also called \"Obadiah\", a reference to another character in Sterne's novel."
}
] |
The novel The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman was turned into a radio broadcast in 2005, a graphic novel and an opera.
| 0 | 0 |
Tristram Shandy
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "The failure to rebuild the Temple has been ascribed to the Galilee earthquake of 363."
}
] |
rx9aNNfyJbuG8l8eq0WZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "In 363, not long before Julian left Antioch to launch his campaign against Persia, in keeping with his effort to foster religions other than Christianity, he ordered the Temple rebuilt."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "The failure to rebuild the Temple has been ascribed to the Galilee earthquake of 363."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "A personal friend of his, Ammianus Marcellinus, wrote this about the effort: Julian thought to rebuild at an extravagant expense the proud Temple once at Jerusalem, and committed this task to Alypius of Antioch."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Julian's support of Jews caused Jews to call him \"Julian the Hellene\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Fires breaking out stopped this."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Alypius set vigorously to work, and was seconded by the governor of the province; when fearful balls of fire, breaking out near the foundations, continued their attacks, till the workmen, after repeated scorchings, could approach no more: and he gave up the attempt."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Although there is contemporary testimony for the miracle, in the Orations of St. Gregory Nazianzen, this may be taken to be unreliable."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Sabotage by Christians is a possibility, as is an accidental fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Divine intervention was the common view among Christian historians of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Constantius II, Constans I, and Constantine II were proclaimed joint emperors, each ruling a portion of Roman territory."
}
] |
Roman emperor Julian had the Jewish Temple rebuilt.
| 0 | 0 |
Julian (emperor)
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Ellington died on May 24, 1974, of complications from lung cancer and pneumonia, a few weeks after his 75th birthday."
}
] |
rxMjSyA8mOrn7TJtf26t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A genius has passed. \"He was interred in the Woodlawn Cemetery, the Bronx, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The early 1930s",
"text": "A complex, private person, he revealed his feelings to only his closest intimates and effectively used his public persona to deflect attention away from himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Originally built in 1935, the Calvert Street Bridge was renamed the Duke Ellington Bridge in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Ellington died on May 24, 1974, of complications from lung cancer and pneumonia, a few weeks after his 75th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Cotton Club engagement",
"text": "In September 1927, King Oliver turned down a regular booking for his group as the house band at Harlem's Cotton Club; the offer passed to Ellington after Jimmy McHugh suggested him and Mills arranged an audition."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "Charles Mingus, who had been fired by Ellington decades earlier, wrote the elegy \"Duke Ellington's Sound Of Love\" in 1974, a few months after Ellington's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "And since his death in 1974, it has become not at all uncommon to see him named, along with Charles Ives, as the greatest composer we have produced, regardless of category."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Kennedy \"Duke\" Ellington (April 29, 1899 – May 24, 1974) was an American composer, pianist, and leader of a jazz orchestra, which he led from 1923 until his death over a career spanning more than six decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ellington in the early to mid-1940s",
"text": "Some of the musicians who joined Ellington at this time created a sensation in their own right."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ellington in the early to mid-1940s",
"text": "Ellington objected in the interval, and compared Jeffries to Al Jolson."
}
] |
Ellington passed away in 1974.
| 0 | 4 |
Duke Ellington
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "In March 2002, a woman filed for an order of protection against Puckett's wife, Tonya Puckett, claiming that Tonya had threatened to kill her over an alleged affair with Puckett."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "Later that same month, another woman asked for protection from Puckett himself, claiming in court documents that he had shoved her in his Bloomington condominium during the course of an 18-year relationship."
}
] |
rxaF1smTMb6riaQ2uxdH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kirby Puckett (March 14, 1960 – March 6, 2006) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "His unquestionable baseball prowess, outgoing personality and energy, charity work, community involvement, and attitude earned him the respect and admiration of fans across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In 1999, he ranked Number 86 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Puckett was the fourth baseball player during the 20th century to record 1,000 hits in his first five full calendar years in Major League Baseball, and was the second to record 2,000 hits during his first ten full calendar years."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | 1987–1990 (First World Series title)",
"text": "In April 1989, he recorded his 1,000th hit, becoming the fourth player in Major League Baseball history to do so in his first five seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After being forced to retire in 1996 at age 36 due to loss of vision in one eye from a central retinal vein occlusion, Puckett was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2001, his first year of eligibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Puckett was survived by his son Kirby Jr. and daughter Catherine."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "That year, Puckett hit .296 and was fourth in the American League in singles."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Puckett died on March 6, just eight days from his 46th birthday, shortly after being disconnected from life support."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After being promoted to the AAA Toledo Mud Hens to start the 1984 season, Puckett was brought up to the majors for good 21 games into the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "In March 2002, a woman filed for an order of protection against Puckett's wife, Tonya Puckett, claiming that Tonya had threatened to kill her over an alleged affair with Puckett."
},
{
"section_header": "Domestic violence",
"text": "Later that same month, another woman asked for protection from Puckett himself, claiming in court documents that he had shoved her in his Bloomington condominium during the course of an 18-year relationship."
}
] |
American baseball player Kirby Puckett was known for being a respectable and upstanding person.
| 0 | 0 |
Kirby Puckett
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His beliefs and warnings heavily influenced the South's secession from the Union in 1860–1861."
}
] |
ryYsc144HEHyEd4HtDAz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "That month, the monument to Calhoun in Charleston was found vandalized, with spray-painted denunciations of Calhoun as a racist and a defender of slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "In 1910, the state of South Carolina gave a statue of John C. Calhoun to the National Statuary Hall Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Political philosophy | Opposition to the War with Mexico",
"text": "The climax came a decade after Calhoun's death with the election of Republican Abraham Lincoln in 1860, which led to the secession of South Carolina, followed by six other Southern states."
},
{
"section_header": "Death, last words, and burial",
"text": "Last words attributed to him were \"The South, the poor South!\"He was interred at St. Philip's Churchyard in Charleston, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | 1824 and 1828 elections and Adams presidency",
"text": "Calhoun was initially a candidate for President of the United States in the election of 1824."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Caldwell Calhoun (; March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist from South Carolina who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | Nullification",
"text": "Calhoun openly argued for a state's right to secede from the Union, as a last resort to protect its liberty and sovereignty."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | 1824 and 1828 elections and Adams presidency",
"text": "Calhoun also opposed President Adams' plan to send a delegation to observe a meeting of South and Central American leaders in Panama, believing that the United States should stay out of foreign affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Vice Presidency | Resignation",
"text": "Biographer John Niven argues \"that these moves were part of a well-thought-out plan whereby Hayne would restrain the hotheads in the state legislature and Calhoun would defend his brainchild, nullification, in Washington against administration stalwarts and the likes of Daniel Webster, the new apostle of northern nationalism.\" Calhoun was the first of two vice presidents to resign, the second being Spiro Agnew in 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials",
"text": "The USS John C. Calhoun, in commission from 1963 to 1994, was a Fleet Ballistic Missile nuclear submarine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His beliefs and warnings heavily influenced the South's secession from the Union in 1860–1861."
}
] |
The United States vice president John C. Calhoun was a racist who defended slavery and his words led to the South seceding in 1860.
| 1 | 3 |
John C. Calhoun
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism",
"text": "Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior."
}
] |
rypgcfMG69JZY2KoYqzy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Interest in Africa",
"text": "Leakey talked to Fossey about the work of Jane Goodall and the importance of long-term research of the great apes."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to tourism",
"text": "Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned Jane Goodall, who actually joined a chimpanzee society as a member, was inappropriately changing her study subjects' behavior."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Fossey held Christmas parties every year for her researchers, staffers, and their families, and she developed a genuine friendship with Jane Goodall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fossey was one of the foremost primatologists in the world, a member of the so-called \"Trimates\", a group formed of prominent female scientists originally sent by Leakey to study great apes in their natural environments, along with Jane Goodall who studied chimpanzees, and Birutė Galdikas, who studied orangutans."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Research in the Congo",
"text": "Three years after the original safari, Leakey suggested that Fossey could undertake a long-term study of the gorillas in the same manner as Jane Goodall had with chimpanzees in Tanzania."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Biographies",
"text": "Mowat's Virunga (1987), whose British and U.S. editions are called Woman in the Mists: The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa, was the first book-length biography of Fossey, and it serves as an insightful counterweight to the many omissions in Fossey's own story, being derived from Fossey's actual letters and entries in her journals."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda",
"text": "Many research students left after not being able to handle the cold, dark, and extremely muddy conditions around Karisoke on the slopes of the Virunga Volcanoes, where paths usually had to be cut through six-foot-tall grass with a machete."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to poaching",
"text": "Later that year, the silverback of Digit's Group 4, named for Fossey's Uncle Bert, was shot in the heart while trying to save his son, Kweli, from being seized by poachers cooperating with the Rwandan park conservator."
},
{
"section_header": "Conservation work in Rwanda | Opposition to poaching",
"text": "Kweli's mother, Macho, was also killed in the raid, but Kweli was not captured due to Uncle Bert's intervention; however, three-year-old Kweli died slowly and painfully of gangrene, from being brushed by a poacher's bullet."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The doodle depicted a group of mountain gorillas, with one touching Dian Fossey’s hair while she made notes in a journal."
}
] |
Dian Fossey will never be as popular as Jane Goodall, and seems to be extra critical of her work based on that.
| 3 | 5 |
Dian Fossey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play belongs to the subgenre of the \"humours comedy,\" in which each major character is dominated by an over-riding humour or obsession."
}
] |
ryrlkxEtWn749WSts79M
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Every Man in His Humour is a 1598 play by the English playwright Ben Jonson."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It is now well known, not only that George Chapman's An Humorous Day's Mirth preceded Jonson's play by a year or more, but that Jonson himself was not especially intrigued by the trope of \"humours.\" Since only Kitely is dominated by a \"humour\" as Jonson defined it in Every Man Out of His Humour, it seems more likely that Jonson was using a contemporary taste aroused by Chapman to draw interest to his play, which became his first indisputable hit. Jonson revised the play for the 1616 folio, where it was the first play presented."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After Shakespeare, the main players are given in the following order: Richard Burbage, Augustine Phillips, John Heminges, Henry Condell, Thomas Pope, William Sly, Christopher Beeston, William Kempe, and John Duke. (Kempe would leave the company the next year, for his famous morris dance from London to Norwich.) In 1599, Jonson wrote what would prove to be a much less popular sequel, Every Man out of His Humour."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "Ben Iden Payne produced the play in Manchester in 1909, and again in Stratford for the Jonson tercentenary in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and publication",
"text": "The scene was a favourite, praised by Arthur Murphy and others; Kitely became one of Garrick's signature roles, and the play was never long out of his repertory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play belongs to the subgenre of the \"humours comedy,\" in which each major character is dominated by an over-riding humour or obsession."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot and style",
"text": "He promises to present \"deeds, and language, such as men do use:/ And persons, such as comedy would choose,/ When she would show an Image of the times,/ And sport with human follies, not with crimes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot and style",
"text": "The play works through a series of complications which culminate when the justice, Clement, hears and decides all of the characters' various grievances, exposing each of them as based in humour, misperception, or deceit."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot and style",
"text": "In the main plot, a gentleman named Kno'well, concerned for his son's moral development, attempts to spy on his son, a typical city gallant; however, his espionage is continually subverted by the servant, Brainworm, whom he employs for this purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot and style",
"text": "The characters of these two plots are surrounded by various \"humorous\" characters, all in familiar English types: the irascible soldier, country gull, pretentious pot-poets, surly water-bearer, and avuncular judge all make an appearance."
}
] |
Every Man In His Humor is a play by Ben Johnson that is predicated on each main player displaying their own particular mania or personal tick as a defining trait.
| 0 | 0 |
Every Man In His Humour
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
}
] |
rz62g2PXl1msPjRaM500
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 2007, producer Roger Elsgood and director Willi Richards adapted the play into a radio drama called The Two Gentlemen of Valasna."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes",
"text": "Writing in 1905, Chambers stated that Two Gentlemen was Shakespeare's first essay at originality, at fashioning for himself the outlines of that romantic or tragicomic formula in which so many of his most characteristic dramas were afterwards to be cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "The exact date of composition of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is unknown, but it is generally believed to have been one of Shakespeare's earliest works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is often regarded as one of Shakespeare's weakest plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes",
"text": "\" More recently, Stanley Wells has referred to the play as a \"dramatic laboratory in which Shakespeare first experimented with the conventions of romantic comedy which he would later treat with a more subtle complexity, but it has its own charm.\" Other critics have been less kind however, arguing that if the later plays show a skilled and confident writer exploring serious issues of the human heart, Two Gentlemen represents the initial, primarily unsuccessful attempt to do likewise."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes | Love and friendship",
"text": "\" At the very centre of this is the contest between love and friendship; \"an essential part of the comicality of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is created by the necessary conflict between highly stylised concepts of love and friendship."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is also featured in Shakespeare in Love (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "It has been argued that Two Gentlemen may have been Shakespeare's first work for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In 2000, episode three of season four of Dawson's Creek, \"Two Gentlemen of Capeside\" loosely adapted the plot of the play."
}
] |
The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a serious drama play.
| 0 | 0 |
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "During the Nazi occupation, Levi-Montalcini was in contact with the partisans of the Action Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She and her twin sister Paola were the youngest of four children."
}
] |
rzgaVIVsb8po7sCqMo8h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Levi-Montalcini was born on 22 April 1909 in Turin, to a Sephardic Jewish family."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She had two sisters: Anna, five years older than Rita, and Paola, her twin sister, a popular artist who died on 29 September 2000, age 91."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Levi-Montalcini had an older brother Gino, who died after a heart attack in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She and her twin sister Paola were the youngest of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "Her family returned to Turin in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rita Levi-Montalcini (US: , Italian: [ˈriːta ˈlɛːvi montalˈtʃiːni]; 22 April 1909 – 30 December 2012) was an Italian Nobel laureate, honored for her work in neurobiology."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "The film also features her fraternal twin sister Paola, who became a respected artist best known for her aluminum sculptures designed to bring light to the rooms due to the reflective white surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "The vision of Rita Levi-Montalcini came true with the issuing of the Trieste Declaration of Human Duties and the foundation in 1993 of the International Council of Human Duties, International Council of Human Duties (ICHD), at the University of Trieste."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "When the Germans invaded Italy in September 1943, her family fled south to Florence, where they survived the Holocaust, under false identities, protected by some non-Jewish friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Her parents were Adele Montalcini, a painter, and Adamo Levi, an electrical engineer and mathematician, whose families had moved from Asti and Casale Monferrato, respectively, to Turin at the turn of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and research",
"text": "During the Nazi occupation, Levi-Montalcini was in contact with the partisans of the Action Party."
}
] |
Rita Levi-Montalcini and her twin brother were the last borns in their family.
| 0 | 4 |
Rita Levi-Montalcini
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress and served as the U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents"
}
] |
s04ttGBiLsEHl8rLQfrC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The USS Daniel Webster (SSBN-626) and the SS Daniel Webster were both named for Webster."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In media",
"text": "Webster is the major character in a fictional short story, The Devil and Daniel Webster, by Stephen Vincent Benét."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "In all, Daniel Webster is honored on 14 different US postage issues, more than most U.S. Presidents."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "Webster's legacy has been commemorated by numerous means, including the Daniel Webster Highway and Mount Webster in New Hampshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Daniel Webster was born on January 18, 1782, in Salisbury, New Hampshire, at a location within the present-day city of Franklin."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "Between 1810 and 1822, Daniel and Grace had five children"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": ": Grace, Daniel \"Fletcher\", Julia, Edward, and Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Daniel was particularly close to his older brother, Ezekiel, who was born in 1780."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life, family, and religious views",
"text": "Another source, the 1856 biography The American Statesman: The Life and Character of Daniel Webster, proclaims him an avowed orthodox Trinitarian, baptized and raised in an Orthodox Congregational Church, and who died a member of the Episcopal Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to prominence",
"text": "Immediately after winning admission to the bar, Daniel set up a legal practice in Boscawen, New Hampshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was an American lawyer and statesman who represented New Hampshire and Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress and served as the U.S. Secretary of State under Presidents"
}
] |
Daniel Webster was the creator of the dictionary.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Webster
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A method actor and former student of the HB Studio and the Actors Studio, where he was taught by Charlie Laughton and Lee Strasberg, Pacino's film debut came at the age of 29 with a minor role in Me, Natalie (1969)."
}
] |
s0LUCdPjoEGM8YaqwDAe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was two years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1990s",
"text": "That year, he was also nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Glengarry Glen Ross, making Pacino the first male actor ever to receive two acting nominations for two movies in the same year, and to win for the lead role."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wide acclaim and recognition came with his breakthrough role as Michael Corleone in"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A method actor and former student of the HB Studio and the Actors Studio, where he was taught by Charlie Laughton and Lee Strasberg, Pacino's film debut came at the age of 29 with a minor role in Me, Natalie (1969)."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage career",
"text": "Due Mondi in Spoleto. It was Pacino's first journey to Italy; he later recalled that \"performing for an Italian audience was a marvelous experience\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He gained favorable notice for his first lead role as a heroin addict in The Panic in Needle Park (1971)."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1970s",
"text": "He lost out that year to Dustin Hoffman in Kramer vs. Kramer—a role that Pacino had declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | 1970s",
"text": "In 1974, Pacino reprised his role as Michael Corleone in The Godfather Part II, which was the first sequel to win the Best Picture Oscar; Pacino was nominated a third time for an Oscar, this second nomination for the Corleone role being in the lead category."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage career",
"text": "Martin Bregman saw the play and became Pacino's manager, a partnership that became fruitful in the years to come, as Bregman encouraged Pacino to do The Godfather, Serpico, and Dog Day Afternoon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972), for which he received his first Oscar nomination, and he would reprise the role in the sequels The Godfather Part II (1974) and The Godfather Part III (1990)."
}
] |
Al Pacino's first movie role came when he was twenty nine years old.
| 1 | 4 |
Al Pacino
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After being kicked off the train, Delahanty started his way across the International Railway Bridge connecting Buffalo, New York with Fort Erie (near Niagara Falls) and fell or jumped off the bridge (some accounts say Delahanty was yelling about death that night)."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Whether Delahanty died from his plunge over the Falls or drowned on the way to the Falls is uncertain."
}
] |
s1kPbcLXsZDyXnZ77fe7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "A study of the tragedy appeared with the publication of July 2, 1903: The Mysterious Death of Big Ed Delahanty, by Mike Sowell ("
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The song, \"The Death of Big Ed Delahanty\", is a driving, punk-influenced ballad."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "His body was found at the bottom of Niagara Falls two weeks after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After being kicked off the train, Delahanty started his way across the International Railway Bridge connecting Buffalo, New York with Fort Erie (near Niagara Falls) and fell or jumped off the bridge (some accounts say Delahanty was yelling about death that night)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Four of Delahanty's brothers, Frank, Jim, Joe, and Tom, also played in the big leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There is a sports bar in Phillipsburg, New Jersey, Delahanty's Tavern on the Square, named in his memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Delahanty's biographer argues that: Baseball for Irish kids was a shortcut to the American dream and to self-indulgent glory and fortune."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Hamburg Marines, a German Baseball Club, named their ballpark in the Hamburg quarter Billwerder after Ed Delahanty."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A Cleveland, Ohio native nicknamed \"Big Ed\", Delahanty was an outfielder and powerful right-handed batter in the 1890s."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Delahanty died when he was swept over Niagara Falls in early July 1903."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Whether Delahanty died from his plunge over the Falls or drowned on the way to the Falls is uncertain."
}
] |
The exact circumstances of Ed Delahanty's death are unclear.
| 3 | 3 |
Ed Delahanty
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They were united by their opposition to the Vietnam War and by their concern for the veterans who were returning to America and facing difficulties adapting to life back home."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Fonda wished to make a film about the Vietnam War inspired by her friendship with Ron Kovic, a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran, whom she had met at an antiwar rally."
}
] |
s21KH7QVqLQfQEYTvQzW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "With nothing else to do, she decides to volunteer at a local veterans' (VA) hospital, partially inspired by her bohemian friend Vi Munson, whose brother Billy has come home after just two weeks in Vietnam with grave emotional problems and now resides in the VA hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home was theatrically released on February 15, 1978 to critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Coming Home premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where Voight won the award for Best Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American romantic drama war film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones and from a story by Nancy Dowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Coming Home was conceived by Jane Fonda as the first feature for her own production company, IPC Films (for Indochina Peace Campaign), with her associate producer Bruce Gilbert, a friend from her protest days."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "American Film Institute lists AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies –"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Fonda wished to make a film about the Vietnam War inspired by her friendship with Ron Kovic, a paraplegic Vietnam War veteran, whom she had met at an antiwar rally."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Coming Home's stellar cast elevates the love triangle in the center of its story - and adds a necessary human component to its none-too-subtle political message.\" Norden, Martin F, The Cinema of Isolation: a history of physical disability in the movies, Rutgers University Press, 1994, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Alan J. Pakula's Comes a Horseman (1978)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, she remains loyal to her husband, and both she and Luke know that their relationship will have to end when her Bob returns home."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They were united by their opposition to the Vietnam War and by their concern for the veterans who were returning to America and facing difficulties adapting to life back home."
}
] |
The movie Coming Home was inspired by unfortunate international events during the 1930's and 40's.
| 0 | 0 |
Coming Home (1978 film)
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their former slogans were The One and Only (1979–1982), It's a Sony (1982–2005), like.no.other (2005–2009) and make.believe (2009–2013).Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the successor to the Mitsui group."
}
] |
s2Da1fJ0X3qjKUDbHM9D
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company's current slogan is Be Moved."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate information | Finances",
"text": "Accumulation loss for the past four years was 919.32 billion-yen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "In a bid to provide a unified brand for its global operations, Sony introduced a slogan known as \"make.believe\" in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "In March 1988, four wholly owned subsidiaries were folded into CBS/Sony Group and the company was renamed as Sony Music Entertainment Japan (SMEJ)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their former slogans were The One and Only (1979–1982), It's a Sony (1982–2005), like.no.other (2005–2009) and make.believe (2009–2013).Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the successor to the Mitsui group."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Corporation",
"text": "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "Sony bought out Bertelsmann's share in Sony BMG and formed a new Sony Music Entertainment in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "It operates independently of Sony Music as it is directly owned by Japanese Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Pictures Entertainment",
"text": "Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (SPE) is the television and film production/distribution unit of Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "In 2004, Sony entered into a joint venture with Bertelsmann AG, merging Sony Music Entertainment with Bertelsmann Music Group to create Sony BMG."
}
] |
Sony had four previous slogans.
| 0 | 1 |
Sony
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Davis was born in Fairview, Kentucky, to a moderately prosperous farmer, the youngest of ten children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Birth and family background",
"text": "Davis was the youngest of ten children born to Jane (née Cook) and Samuel Emory Davis; his oldest brother Joseph Emory Davis was 23 years his senior."
}
] |
s2vXnW1O8hHfczejXUfw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In Mississippi, the last Monday of May (Memorial Day) is celebrated as \"National Memorial Day and Jefferson Davis's Birthday\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Second marriage and family; election to Congress | Children",
"text": "Margaret Howell was born February 25, 1855, and was the only child to marry and raise a family."
},
{
"section_header": "Second marriage and family; election to Congress | Children",
"text": "After her parents refused to let her marry into a northern abolitionist family, she never married."
},
{
"section_header": "Author",
"text": "Her relatives came to contest that last will, which excluded them and gave everything to Davis in fee simple."
},
{
"section_header": "Second marriage and family; election to Congress",
"text": "Within a month of their meeting, the 35-year-old widower Davis had asked Varina to marry him, and they became engaged despite her parents' initial concerns about his age and politics."
},
{
"section_header": "President of the Confederate States | Final days of the Confederacy",
"text": "President Davis met with his Confederate Cabinet for the last time on May 5, 1865, in Washington, Georgia, and officially dissolved the Confederate government."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burials",
"text": "After a stop in Danville, Virginia, the Confederacy's last capital, and another ceremony at the Virginia State Capital, Davis was then interred at Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "President of the Confederate States | Final days of the Confederacy",
"text": "He issued his last official proclamation as president of the Confederacy, and then went south to Greensboro, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In signing the law, President Jimmy Carter referred to this as the last act of reconciliation in the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "President of the Confederate States | Final days of the Confederacy",
"text": "In 1939, Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site was opened to mark the place where Confederate President Jefferson Davis was captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Davis was born in Fairview, Kentucky, to a moderately prosperous farmer, the youngest of ten children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Birth and family background",
"text": "Davis was the youngest of ten children born to Jane (née Cook) and Samuel Emory Davis; his oldest brother Joseph Emory Davis was 23 years his senior."
}
] |
Jefferson Davis was the last child from his parents.
| 0 | 0 |
Jefferson Davis
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bancroft's parents were both children of Italian immigrants."
}
] |
s4MoRFsNvfuLzXutm1VT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Anne Bancroft died of uterine cancer at age 73 on June 6, 2005 at Mount Sinai Hospital in Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anna Maria Louisa Italiano (September 17, 1931 – June 6, 2005), known professionally as Anne Bancroft was an American actress, director, screenwriter and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "After appearing in a number of live television dramas under the name Anne Marno, she was told to change her surname, as it was \"too ethnic for movies\"; she chose Bancroft \"because it sounded dignified.\" In 1957, Bancroft was directed by Jacques Tourneur in a David Goodis adaptation, Nightfall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The following year she portrayed Anne Sullivan in the original Broadway production of The Miracle Worker, winning the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Her body was interred at Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York, near her parents, Mildred (who died in April 2010, five years after Anne) and Michael Italiano."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Both Brooks and Bancroft appeared in Season 6 of The Simpsons."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Brooks produced the film The Elephant Man (1980), in which Bancroft acted."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bancroft was ambivalent about her appearance in The Graduate; she said in several interviews that the role overshadowed her other work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bancroft was also a member of the American Theater Hall of Fame, having been inducted in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Bancroft made her debut as a screenwriter and director in Fatso (1980), in which she starred with Dom DeLuise."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bancroft's parents were both children of Italian immigrants."
}
] |
Anne Bancroft has a French ancestry.
| 1 | 5 |
Anne Bancroft
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96."
}
] |
s4nuXuk8iSoRUE1qhk55
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Feminism",
"text": "In his book Power on Display, Leonard Tennenhouse says the problem in A Midsummer Night's Dream is the problem of \"authority gone archaic\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Gallery",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream in Art"
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 17th and 18th centuries",
"text": "When the theatres re-opened in 1660, A Midsummer Night's Dream was acted in adapted form, like many other Shakespearean plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "He used not only the Midsummer Night's Dream music but also several other pieces by Mendelssohn."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "Shakespeare in the Arb has produced A Midsummer Night's Dream three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Plays",
"text": "Ken Ludwig's 2003 comic play, Shakespeare in Hollywood, is set during the production of the 1935 film."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Literary",
"text": "Neil Gaiman's comic series The Sandman uses the play in the 1990 issue A Midsummer Night's Dream."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Film adaptations",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream has been adapted as a film many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and cultural references | Musical versions",
"text": "George Balanchine was another to create a Midsummer Night's Dream ballet based on the play, using Mendelssohn's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Critical history | 17th century",
"text": "Based on this reasoning, Dryden defended the merits of three fantasy plays: A Midsummer Night's Dream, The Tempest, and Ben Jonson's Masque of Witches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Midsummer Night's Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare in 1595/96."
}
] |
A Midsummer Night's Dream's author finished the play during the 16th century.
| 0 | 1 |
A Midsummer Night's Dream
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The newer work reflected his experiences and impressions during a period when his wife, who was suffering from a lung complaint, resided at Dr. Friedrich Jessen's Waldsanatorium in Davos, Switzerland for several months."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the opening chapter, Castorp leaves his familiar life and obligations, in what he later learns to call \"the flatlands\", to visit the rarefied mountain air and introspective small world of the sanatorium."
}
] |
s4uXKPZpGAwGyF8hypeu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "But rethinking his dreams, he concludes that \"because of charity and love, man should never allow death to rule one's thoughts."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The titular reference to mountain reappears in many layers."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The Berghof sanatorium is located on a mountain, both geographically and figuratively, a separate world."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "Another topos of German literature is the Venus Mountain (Venusberg), which is referred to in Richard Wagner's opera Tannhäuser."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "This mountain is a \"hellish paradise,\" a place of lust and abandon, where Time flows differently: the visitor loses all sense of time."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Magic and mountains",
"text": "The mountain also represents the opposite of Castorp's home, the sober, business-like \"flatland.\" The first part of the novel culminates and ends in the sanatorium's Carnival feast."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Settembrini: Humanism",
"text": "He often finds Castorp literally in the dark and switches on the light before their conversations."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "His possible, or probable, demise upon the battlefield is portended."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Allegorical characters | Settembrini: Humanism",
"text": "He compares himself to Prometheus of Greek mythology, who brought of fire and enlightenment to Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Castorp’s stay in the rarefied air of The Magic Mountain"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The newer work reflected his experiences and impressions during a period when his wife, who was suffering from a lung complaint, resided at Dr. Friedrich Jessen's Waldsanatorium in Davos, Switzerland for several months."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the opening chapter, Castorp leaves his familiar life and obligations, in what he later learns to call \"the flatlands\", to visit the rarefied mountain air and introspective small world of the sanatorium."
}
] |
The Magic Mountain is a book about a man attempting to find a mountain upon which grows a flower that will heal his wife.
| 0 | 0 |
The Magic Mountain
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence."
}
] |
s51suow30v9ZU0bh7X6S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical run",
"text": "Thus, Lawrence of Arabia is slightly more than 1 minute longer than Gone With the Wind and is, therefore, the longest movie ever to win a Best Picture Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lawrence of Arabia is a 1962 British epic historical drama film based on the life of T. E. Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The American Film Institute ranked Lawrence of Arabia 5th in its original and 7th in its updated 100 Years... 100 Movies lists and first in its list of the greatest American films of the \"epic\" genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part I",
"text": "He asks Allenby whether there is any basis for the Arabs' suspicions that the British have designs on Arabia."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Restored director's cut",
"text": "A full list of cuts can be found at the Internet Movie Database."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In fact, there were numerous British officers such as colonels Cyril Wilson, Stewart Francis Newcombe, and Pierce C. Joyce, all of whom arrived before Lawrence began serving in Arabia."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Representation of Lawrence",
"text": "It barely mentions his archaeological travels from 1911 to 1914 in Syria and Arabia and ignores his espionage work, including a prewar topographical survey of the Sinai Peninsula and his attempts to negotiate the release of British prisoners at Kut, Mesopotamia, in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Later film",
"text": "In 1990, the made-for-television film A Dangerous Man: Lawrence After Arabia was aired."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part I",
"text": "Lawrence is a misfit British Army lieutenant who is notable for his insolence and education."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Representation of Lawrence",
"text": "Even during the war, Lowell Thomas wrote in With Lawrence in Arabia that he could take pictures of him only by tricking him, but Lawrence later agreed to pose for several photos for Thomas's stage show."
}
] |
Lawrence of Arabia is a British movie.
| 0 | 0 |
Lawrence of Arabia (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections."
}
] |
s57WECaiDuyknO4UHagu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The portion of Sunset Boulevard that passes through Beverly Hills was once named Beverly Boulevard."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The Sunset Strip portion of Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood has been famous for its active nightlife since at least the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The boulevard is commemorated in Billy Wilder's film Sunset Boulevard (1950), the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical of the same name, and the 1950s television series 77 Sunset Strip."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard is at least four lanes wide along its entire route."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "In Bel-Air, Sunset Boulevard runs along the northern boundary of UCLA's Westwood campus."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "The Buffalo Springfield song \" For What It's Worth\" was written about a riot at Pandora's Box, a Sunset Strip club, in 1966.Metro Local lines 2, 302 and 602 operate on Sunset Boulevard, with the former two running through most of Sunset Boulevard between Downtown LA and UCLA, and the latter from UCLA west."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sunset Boulevard is a boulevard in the central and western part of Los Angeles, California that stretches from the Pacific Coast Highway in Pacific Palisades east to Figueroa Street in Downtown Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "With these changes completed, Sunset Boulevard now reached North Main Street and continued as Marchessault along the northern end of the Plaza."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This section, variously marked and signed as Marchessault Street or East Sunset Boulevard, remained open to traffic until the late 1960s or early 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural aspects",
"text": "At 4334 W. Sunset Boulevard lies the wall featured on the cover of the late singer-songwriter Elliott Smith's 2000 album Figure 8."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The boulevard has curvaceous winding stretches, and can be treacherous for unalert drivers in some sections."
}
] |
Sunset Boulevard is a very straight and easy drive.
| 1 | 5 |
Sunset Boulevard
|
NOCAT
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In modern Japan, Jimmu's accession is marked as National Foundation Day on February 11."
}
] |
s5IPahrz65wbf0vK61iP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In modern Japan, Jimmu's accession is marked as National Foundation Day on February 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "\" It was suspended from 1948 to 1966, but later reinstated as National Foundation Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "For the 1940 Kigensetsu celebration, marking the supposed 2,600th anniversary of Jimmu's enthronement, the Peace Tower was constructed in Miyazaki."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "The same year numerous stone monuments relating to key events in Jimmu's life were erected around Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative",
"text": "In Japanese mythology, the Age of the Gods is the period before Jimmu's accession."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "According to the chronicles Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, Jimmu's brothers were born in Takachiho, the southern part of Kyūshū in modern-day Miyazaki Prefecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His accession is traditionally dated as 660 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Legendary narrative | Migration",
"text": "As they reached Naniwa (modern-day Osaka), they encountered another local chieftain, Nagasunehiko (\"the long-legged man\"), and Itsuse was killed in the ensuing battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Modern veneration",
"text": "The holiday commemorated the anniversary of Jimmu's ascension to the throne 2,532 years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and title",
"text": "The Imperial House of Japan traditionally based its claim to the throne on its putative descent from the sun-goddess Amaterasu via Jimmu's great-grandfather Ninigi."
}
] |
Jimmu's accession is marked as National Foundation Day in modern Japan.
| 4 | 7 |
Emperor Jimmu
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Hawking also guest-starred in Futurama and had a recurring role in The Big Bang Theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Nimoy made the necessary contact, and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1993."
}
] |
s5PsrKNDia5MmODpkJRZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "At the release party for the home video version of the A Brief History of Time, Leonard Nimoy, who had played Spock on Star Trek, learned that Hawking was interested in appearing on the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Nimoy made the necessary contact, and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearances in popular media",
"text": "Hawking also guest-starred in Futurama and had a recurring role in The Big Bang Theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "\"In 1999, Jane Hawking published a memoir, Music to Move the Stars, describing her marriage to Hawking and its breakdown."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Disability",
"text": "This proved difficult, since Hawking could not move his neck, and trials showed that while he could indeed drive the chair, the movement was sporadic and jumpy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Religion and atheism",
"text": "No one created the universe and no one directs our fate."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1966–1975",
"text": "His results, which Hawking presented from 1974, showed that black holes emit radiation, known today as Hawking radiation, which may continue until they exhaust their energy and evaporate."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal views | Politics",
"text": "He said, \"Climate change is one of the great dangers we face, and it's one we can prevent if we act now."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Primary and secondary school years",
"text": "With time, he began to show considerable aptitude for scientific subjects and, inspired by Tahta, decided to read mathematics at university."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Plans for a trip to space",
"text": "Besides personal ambition, he was motivated by the desire to increase public interest in spaceflight and to show the potential of people with disabilities."
}
] |
Hawking has been on shows like Star Trek and the Disney movie Wall-e.
| 2 | 7 |
Stephen Hawking
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sting is a 1973 American caper film set in September 1936, involving a complicated plot by two professional grifters (Paul Newman and Robert Redford) to con a mob boss (Robert Shaw)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards | Nominations",
"text": "and/or Adaptation—(Marvin Hamlisch) Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures—(George Roy Hill) Academy Award for Best Actor—(Robert Redford) Academy Award for Best Cinematography—(Robert Surtees) Academy Award for Best Sound—(Ronald Pierce & Robert R. Bertrand) Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay—Motion Picture—(David S. Ward) WGA Award for Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen—(David S. Ward) AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies"
}
] |
s5apo0NejL6hS4qJXqy1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Released on Christmas Day of 1973, The Sting received universal acclaim and was hugely successful at the 46th Academy Awards, being nominated for ten Oscars and winning seven, including Best Picture, Best Director and Best Writing (Original Screenplay)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards | Wins",
"text": "Academy Award for Best Director—(George Roy Hill) Academy Award for Best Writing, Original Screenplay—(David S. Ward) Academy Award for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration—(Henry Bumstead and James W. Payne) Academy Award for Best Costume Design—(Edith Head) Academy Award for Best Film Editing—(William H. Reynolds) Academy Award for Best Music, Scoring Original Song Score"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards | Wins",
"text": "Academy Award for Best Picture"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards | Nominations",
"text": "and/or Adaptation—(Marvin Hamlisch) Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures—(George Roy Hill) Academy Award for Best Actor—(Robert Redford) Academy Award for Best Cinematography—(Robert Surtees) Academy Award for Best Sound—(Ronald Pierce & Robert R. Bertrand) Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay—Motion Picture—(David S. Ward) WGA Award for Best Drama Written Directly for the Screen—(David S. Ward) AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards | Wins",
"text": "The film won seven Academy Awards and received three other nominations."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards | Wins",
"text": "At the 46th Academy Awards, Julia Phillips became the first female producer to be nominated for and to win Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Philips's book asserts that Shaw was not nominated for a Best Supporting Actor Academy Award because he demanded that his name follow those of Newman and Redford before the film's opening title."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Unaware that Kelly is Hooker, he demands that Salino, his best assassin, be given the job."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sting is a 1973 American caper film set in September 1936, involving a complicated plot by two professional grifters (Paul Newman and Robert Redford) to con a mob boss (Robert Shaw)."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "According to Joplin scholar Edward A. Berlin, ragtime had experienced a revival in the 1970s due to several separate, but coalescing events: Joshua Rifkin's recording of Joplin rags on Nonesuch Records, a classical label, became a \"classical\" best-seller."
}
] |
The Sting is a 1973 film has won awards like best cinematography and best sound.
| 2 | 2 |
The Sting
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family."
}
] |
s6NALDteASfCZVJyP5sg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1991, at the age of 7, she moved from Soviet Ukraine to the United States with her family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "comes from a Jewish family and has cited antisemitism in the former Soviet Union as one of several reasons for her family's move to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "And that's kind of what it felt like moving to the States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "The film was not released in theaters in the United States, but was released on DVD on August 25, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Scott Moore to a United States Marine Corps Ball in Greenville, North Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "The film premiered at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and had a limited release in the United States in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2009–2012: Film breakthrough and acclaim",
"text": "The film grossed over $106.9 million in the United States and Canada while grossing over $329 million worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1991, when she was 7 years old, her family moved to Los Angeles, California, with $250."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has stated that her parents \"raised [her]"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2001–2008: Transition to film",
"text": "In 2005, Kunis co-starred with Jon Heder in Moving McAllister, which was not released theatrically until 2007."
}
] |
Mila Kunis moved to the United States when Mila Kunis was 8.
| 1 | 3 |
Mila Kunis
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Anthony McClelland, has an extensive criminal record and was not involved in his life."
}
] |
s6U3qfnFppMKlEre4y39
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "For his outstanding play, James was named Ohio Mr. Basketball and selected to the USA Today All-USA First Team, becoming the first sophomore to do either."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James played basketball for St. Vincent–St."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "James began playing organized basketball in the fifth grade."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Football",
"text": "He did not play during his senior year because of a wrist injury that he sustained in an AAU basketball game."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "Mary played at the University of Akron's 5,492-seat Rhodes Arena to satisfy ticket demand from alumni, fans, as well as college and NBA scouts who wanted to see James play."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He later played Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) basketball for the Northeast Ohio Shooting Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "Mary varsity basketball team."
},
{
"section_header": "High school career | Basketball",
"text": "James appealed the ruling and his penalty was eventually dropped to a two-game suspension, allowing him to play the remainder of the year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Miami Heat | 2010–2011: Year of media and fan scrutiny",
"text": "In the conference semifinals, James and his teammates found themselves matched up with the Celtics for the second consecutive year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Cavaliers | 2004–2008: Rise to superstardom",
"text": "After the game, play-by-play announcer"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Anthony McClelland, has an extensive criminal record and was not involved in his life."
}
] |
LeBron James grew up with his daddy and regularly played basketball with him.
| 3 | 3 |
LeBron James
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "He tried Oklahoma and Texas, but eventually he settled in Las Cruces, New Mexico Territory, where he practiced law."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Fall was appointed judge of the third judicial district in 1893, and associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court later the same year."
}
] |
s6ULDfD3gz2Y0xijcxAc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "The family lived at the Three Rivers Ranch in the Tularosa Basin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Fall was appointed judge of the third judicial district in 1893, and associate justice of the New Mexico Supreme Court later the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "He tried Oklahoma and Texas, but eventually he settled in Las Cruces, New Mexico Territory, where he practiced law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Bacon Fall (November 26, 1861 – November 30, 1944) was a United States Senator from New Mexico and the Secretary of the Interior under President Warren G. Harding, infamous for his involvement in the Teapot Dome scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "In the general election he overcame a bitter challenge from Democrat William B. Walton, even though Fall never made a campaign speech."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Albert Jennings Fountain murder case",
"text": "Fall and his neighbor, Oliver M. Lee, were land owners in the area and were rivals to attorney Albert Jennings Fountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Election to the Senate",
"text": "It was widely known that he made a political alliance with Thomas B. Catron, the man who served alongside him, to ensure that both would be elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a captain in the United States Army he supported a military invasion of Mexico in 1916 as a means of ending Pancho Villa's raids."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Teapot Dome scandal",
"text": "This last setting became the namesake of the scandal to erupt in April 1922 when The Wall Street Journal reported that Secretary Fall had decided that two of his friends, oilmen Harry F. Sinclair (Mammoth Oil Corporation) and Edward L. Doheny (Pan-American Petroleum and Transport Company), should be given leases to drill in parts of these Naval Reserves without open bidding."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Teapot Dome scandal",
"text": "Albert Fall died on November 30, 1944, after a long illness, in El Paso, Texas."
}
] |
Albert B. Fall tried living in others states and became a judge in the Southwest.
| 0 | 0 |
Albert B. Fall
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performance and reception",
"text": "The Jew of Malta was an immediate success from its first recorded performance at the Rose Theatre in early 1592, when Edward Alleyn played the lead role."
}
] |
s6ymF72cKPwlkG10Dgna
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jew of Malta (full title: The Famous Tragedy of the Rich Jew of Malta) is a play by Christopher Marlowe, written in 1589 or 1590."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and reception",
"text": "It was considered a successful production at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "Some of the conversation around antisemitism in The Jew of Malta focuses on authorial intent, the question of whether or not Marlowe intended to promote antisemitism in his work, while other critics focus on how the work is perceived, either by its audience at the time or by modern audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | The Merchant of Venice",
"text": "While critics debate whether or not The Jew of Malta was a direct influence, or merely a product of the contemporaneous society that they both were written in, it is noteworthy that Marlowe and Shakespeare were the only two British playwrights of their time to include a Jewish principal character in one of their plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "The Jew of Malta, given the time of its publication, its main character, and the significance of religion throughout the text, is often referenced in discussions about antisemitism."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and reception",
"text": "The Jew of Malta was an immediate success from its first recorded performance at the Rose Theatre in early 1592, when Edward Alleyn played the lead role."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "A Marxist critique of The Jew of Malta suggests that Marlowe intended to utilize readily available antisemitic feelings in his audience in a way that made the Jews \"incidental\" to the social critique he offered."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism",
"text": "These tropes could also have contributed to the popularity of plays such as Marlowe's The Jew of Malta."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion | History of Elizabethan antisemitism | Antisemitism in The Jew of Malta",
"text": "In this, Marlowe failed, instead producing a work that is, because of its failure to \"discredit\" the sentiments it toys with, a propagator of antisemitism."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance and reception",
"text": "However, in an anonymous biography of Kean published seventeen years later, it suggests that the success of the production came from Kean's performance and his addition of a song to the role of Barabas, and that the play itself, on its own, was a failure."
}
] |
The 16th century play The Jew of Malta by Christopher Marlowe was successful in its time.
| 0 | 0 |
The Jew of Malta
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Between 2010 and 2019, North Korea has imported 138 purebred horses from Russia at cost of over $584,000."
}
] |
s725gZkteJA4c9rkc1IQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war developments",
"text": "For almost two decades after the war, the two states did not seek to negotiate with one another."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "North Koreans have little exposure to foreign influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "As of August 2017, China is the biggest trading partner of North Korea outside inter-Korean trade, accounting for more than 84% of the total external trade ($5.3 billion) followed by India at 3.3% share ($205 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "More than four million literary works were published between the 1980s and the early 2000s, but almost all of them belong to a narrow variety of political genres like \"army-first revolutionary literature\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "North Korea has the structural profile of a relatively industrialized country where nearly half of the Gross Domestic Product is generated by industry and human development is at medium levels."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "All of the Korean Peninsula's mountains with elevations of 2,000 meters (6,600 ft) or more are located in North Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "North Korea functions as a highly centralized, one-party state."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "North Korea has maintained one of the most closed and centralized economies in the world since the 1940s."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Initially four such zones existed, but they yielded little overall success."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Tourism has been a growing sector for the past decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Between 2010 and 2019, North Korea has imported 138 purebred horses from Russia at cost of over $584,000."
}
] |
North Korea has spent a little more than half a million dollars on expensive Russian equines in the decade of 2010-2020.
| 0 | 0 |
North Korea
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros."
}
] |
s76q2vxYMail0yk58xS8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "They're great kids, they play hard, they never gave up."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Rookie of the Year Award and early career (1991–93)",
"text": "We can get more out of you than that.\" By altering an approach to contact the pitch with topspin as he did when he arriving to Houston, Jaramillo taught Bagwell to hit with backspin, resulting in a soaring trajectory rather than nose diving."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Continued peak (1995–96)",
"text": "On June 14, Bagwell tied a major league record with four doubles in one game against San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | Rookie of the Year Award and early career (1991–93)",
"text": "His tendency to dip just before starting to swing made his hand more vulnerable to being hit by inside pitches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the only first baseman to achieve the 30–30 club more than once."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jeffrey Robert Bagwell (born May 27, 1968) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and coach who spent his entire 15-year Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career with the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Highlights",
"text": "Bagwell had seven seasons with 30 home runs and 100 walks; the only players with more are Gehrig, Ruth, Williams, Jim Thome, and Thomas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The National League (NL) Rookie of the Year in 1991, Bagwell then won the NL Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) in 1994, was a four-time MLB All-Star, three-time Silver Slugger winner and a Gold Glove recipient."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "I couldn't be more proud of the guys that represent the Houston Astros right now."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Houston Astros | National League runs scored record (2000)",
"text": "On August 14 in Philadelphia, he homered twice and tied a club record with seven RBI in a 14–7 win, shared by Rafael Ramírez and Pete Incaviglia."
}
] |
Bagwell gave more than 14 years to MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Jeff Bagwell
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He finished his career in 1965 with the New York Mets and the San Francisco Giants."
}
] |
s7mPlVSwAWKpe2MhjCXA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "This was exemplified by his start on July 2, 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Had he played, it is possible that Spahn would have finished his career behind only Walter Johnson and Cy Young in all-time wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With 363 victories over the span of his 21-year baseball playing career, Spahn holds the major league record for most career wins by a left-handed pitcher and, the most by a pitcher who played his entire career in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "his later Giants teammate Juan Marichal."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career",
"text": "He finished his career in 1965 with the New York Mets and the San Francisco Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "He pitched his second no-hitter the following year on April 28, 1961, against the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Final season",
"text": "With the Mets and Giants combined, he won seven games for the season—his last in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "Facing the San Francisco Giants, the 42-year-old Spahn became locked into a storied pitchers' duel with 25-year-old Juan Marichal."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": ", \"I'm probably the only guy who played for Casey before and after he was a genius.\" Along with many other major leaguers, Spahn chose to enlist in the United States Army, after finishing the 1942 season in the minors."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Career statistics",
"text": "His 363 career win total ranks sixth overall in major league history; it is also the most by a pitcher who played his entire career in the post-1920 live-ball era."
}
] |
Spahn started his career playing for the Giants.
| 0 | 0 |
Warren Spahn
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia",
"text": "He ignored repeated advice against an invasion of the Russian heartland and prepared for an offensive campaign; on 24 June 1812 the invasion commenced."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia",
"text": "Polish patriots wanted the Russian part of Poland to be joined with the Duchy of Warsaw and an independent Poland created."
}
] |
s8BpPmPXv2qg3Sx8HSWS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia",
"text": "On receipt of intelligence reports on Russia's war preparations, Napoleon expanded his Grande Armée to more than 450,000 men."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Peninsular War and Erfurt",
"text": "The highlight of the conflict became the brutal guerrilla warfare that engulfed much of the Spanish countryside."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Hundred Days",
"text": "He left Paris three days later and settled at Josephine's former palace in Malmaison (on the western bank of the Seine about 17 kilometres (11 mi) west of Paris)."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia",
"text": "The serfs later committed atrocities against French soldiers during France's retreat."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Third Coalition",
"text": "The treaty confirmed the Austrian loss of lands to France in Italy and Bavaria, and lands in Germany to Napoleon's German allies."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Fifth Coalition and Marie Louise",
"text": "In the early morning of 10 April, leading elements of the Austrian army crossed the Inn River and invaded Bavaria."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Third Coalition",
"text": "It also imposed an indemnity of 40 million francs on the defeated Habsburgs and allowed the fleeing Russian troops free passage through hostile territories and back to their home soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | War of the Fifth Coalition and Marie Louise",
"text": "Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Consulate",
"text": "In 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia",
"text": "He ignored repeated advice against an invasion of the Russian heartland and prepared for an offensive campaign; on 24 June 1812 the invasion commenced."
},
{
"section_header": "Ruler of France | French Empire | Invasion of Russia",
"text": "Polish patriots wanted the Russian part of Poland to be joined with the Duchy of Warsaw and an independent Poland created."
}
] |
The later half of the Russian-Polish War was was comprised of an invasion of Russia's countryside, with the goal of freeing the area of the former prefecture from Bavaria.
| 2 | 4 |
Napoleon
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "following few hundred verses—by far the most famous portion of the poem—comprise a series of mythological examples and gnomic statements outlining Hesiod's conception of justice and the necessity of work with the ostensible goal of persuading Perses to follow a proper path in life."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hesiod seems to have thought that instead of giving him money or property which he will again spend in no time, it is better to teach him the virtues of work and to impart his wisdom which can be used to generate an income. Like the Theogony, the Works and Days begins with a hymnic invocation to the Muses, albeit much shorter (10 lines to the Theogony's 115) and with a different focus."
}
] |
s8SEeB2Qj9KpqYHfUvMz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the Works and Days, Hesiod describes himself as the heir of a farm bequeathed to him and his brother Perses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At its center, the Works and Days is a farmer's almanac in which Hesiod instructs his brother Perses in the agricultural arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Verdenius, Willem Jacob, A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days vv."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hesiod seems to have thought that instead of giving him money or property which he will again spend in no time, it is better to teach him the virtues of work and to impart his wisdom which can be used to generate an income. Like the Theogony, the Works and Days begins with a hymnic invocation to the Muses, albeit much shorter (10 lines to the Theogony's 115) and with a different focus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the poem Hesiod also offers his brother extensive moralizing advice on how he should live his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Nisbet, Gideon, Hesiod, Works and Days: A Didaxis of Deconstruction?, Greece and Rome 51 (2004),"
},
{
"section_header": "Select editions and translations | Critical editions",
"text": "Sinclair, T. A. (1932), Hesiod, Works and Days, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the Works and Days Hesiod proceeds directly to the theft of fire and punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Family business follows, as Hesiod implores his brother to join him in sorting out their fraternal discord through the \"justice of Zeus\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Select editions and translations | Translations",
"text": "Lattimore, Richmond. Lattimore, Richmond. (1959). Hesiod: The Works and Days, Theogony, and The Shield of Herakles."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "following few hundred verses—by far the most famous portion of the poem—comprise a series of mythological examples and gnomic statements outlining Hesiod's conception of justice and the necessity of work with the ostensible goal of persuading Perses to follow a proper path in life."
}
] |
In Works and Days, Hesiod teaches his brother about life's rules.
| 0 | 0 |
Works and Days
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,\"The Kid\", and \"Rockin' Robin\", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "He, Hank Aaron, Warren Spahn and Bob Uecker threw out the ceremonial first pitches at the 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Miller Park."
}
] |
s8V0afq8aa8K0VO0jMbx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He never threw an official pitch in any MLB game."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "He, Hank Aaron, Warren Spahn and Bob Uecker threw out the ceremonial first pitches at the 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Miller Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On October 20, 2018, Yount threw out the first pitch before Game 7 of the National League Championship Series between the Dodgers and Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "He was the last active major leaguer to have been a teammate of Hank Aaron (1975–1976)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,\"The Kid\", and \"Rockin' Robin\", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "On September 14, 1975 (two days before his 20th birthday), Yount broke Mel Ott's 47-year-old record for most games played in the major leagues before turning 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robin attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount made his major league debut the following April, at 18 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After being drafted in 1973, Yount advanced to the major leagues just one year later at the age of 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount is currently the last 18-year-old to hit a home run in the Major Leagues (Andruw Jones, Mike Trout, Bryce Harper, and Juan Soto are the most recent teenagers to have hit Major League home runs, but did so as 19-year-olds)."
}
] |
Robin Yount, nicknamed Rockin' Robin, threw a pitch before attendees in the major league alongside Hank Aaron but never threw an official pitch in any MLB game.
| 0 | 0 |
Robin Yount
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans is set in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America."
}
] |
s9RceMyZzwsgCrWE21s9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the M*A*S*H book, film and television franchise, the character Hawkeye Pierce is given his nickname by his father, after Hawk-eye from The Last of the Mohicans."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "Fall of the Mohicans (1965) starring Jack Taylor, José Marco (José Joandó Roselló), Luis Induni and Daniel Martin; The Last of the Mohicans (1968) The Last of the Mohicans (1977) The Last of the Mohicans (1992), starring Daniel Day-Lewis."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Opera",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans by composer Alva Henderson."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Father to Uncas, and after his death, the eponymous \"Last of the Mohicans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans (1920), starring Wallace Beery; The Last of the Mohicans (1932), a serial version starring Harry Carey; The Last of the Mohicans (1936) starring Randolph Scott and Bruce Cabot; Last of the Redmen (1947) starring Jon Hall and Michael O'Shea; The Iroquois Trail (1950) starring George Montgomery"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Classic Comics #4, The Last of the Mohicans, first published 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "But, he wrote that in general, \"the book must needs have some interest for the reader since it could amuse even the writer, who had in a great measure forgotten the details of his work.\" The Last of the Mohicans has been James Fenimore Cooper's most popular work."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Hawk-eye and the Mohicans rescue all four and lead them to a dilapidated building that was involved in a battle between the Huron and the British some years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The phrase, \"the last of the Mohicans\", has come to represent the sole survivor of a noble race or type."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Films",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans a 1911 version starring James Cruze directed by Theodore Marston,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Last of the Mohicans is set in 1757, during the French and Indian War (the North American theater of the Seven Years' War), when France and Great Britain battled for control of North America."
}
] |
The Last of the Mohicans is a book about the fighting between the Mohawks and the Mohicans in the 1700s.
| 2 | 3 |
The Last of the Mohicans
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of mixed race birth, Coleridge-Taylor achieved such success that he was referred to by white New York musicians as the \"African Mahler\" when he had three tours of the United States in the early 1900s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (15 August 1875 – 1 September 1912) was an English composer and conductor."
}
] |
s9jOJGlkjezcJmEJYqiV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Alice and her father called her son Coleridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "There were numerous musicians on his mother's side and her father played the violin."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "The Heritage of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "After Coleridge-Taylor's death in 1912, musicians were concerned that he and his family had received no royalties from his Song of Hiawatha"
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "A Memory Sketch, or Personal Reminiscences of My Husband: Genius and Musician: S. Coleridge Taylor 1875-1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Genius and Musician: S. Coleridge Taylor 1875-1912; A Memory Sketch or Personal Reminiscences of My Husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Green, Jeffrey (2011). Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, a Musical Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Recordings",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor: Chamber Music – Hawthorne String Quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Elford, Charles (2008). Black Mahler: The Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lists of Coleridge-Taylor's compositions and recordings of his work and of the many articles, papers and books about Coleridge-Taylor's life and legacy are available through the Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Foundation and the Samuel Coleridge-Taylor Network."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of mixed race birth, Coleridge-Taylor achieved such success that he was referred to by white New York musicians as the \"African Mahler\" when he had three tours of the United States in the early 1900s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (15 August 1875 – 1 September 1912) was an English composer and conductor."
}
] |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a musician and called "African Mahler."
| 0 | 2 |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kubrick began production on Barry Lyndon after his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "After completing post production on 2001: A Space Odyssey, Kubrick resumed planning a film about Napoleon."
}
] |
s9nAwKdOZ2OhKLIrjPLb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Other Kubrick featured regulars were Leonard Rossiter (2001: A Space Odyssey), Steven Berkoff, Patrick Magee, Godfrey Quigley, Anthony Sharp, and Philip Stone (A Clockwork Orange)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"Having earned Oscar nominations for Dr. Strangelove, 2001: A Space Odyssey and A Clockwork Orange, Kubrick's reputation in the early 1970s was that of \"a perfectionist auteur who loomed larger over his movies than any concept or star\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "After completing post production on 2001: A Space Odyssey, Kubrick resumed planning a film about Napoleon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kubrick began production on Barry Lyndon after his 1971 film A Clockwork Orange."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Cinematography",
"text": "He was threatened, and he packed his bag and went home\" The film—as with \"almost every Kubrick film\"—is a \"showcase for [a] major innovation in technique.\" While 2001: A Space Odyssey had featured \"revolutionary effects,\" and The Shining would later feature heavy use of the Steadicam, Barry Lyndon saw a considerable number of sequences shot \"without recourse to electric light."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Lyndon is a 1975 period drama film written, directed, and produced by Stanley Kubrick, based on the 1844 novel The Luck of Barry Lyndon by William Makepeace Thackeray."
},
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick felt that using a first-person narrative would not be useful in a film adaptation: I believe Thackeray used Redmond Barry to tell his own story in a deliberately distorted way because it made it more interesting."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Reconsidering, Kubrick's financiers pulled funding, and he turned his attention towards an adaptation of Anthony Burgess's 1962 novel A Clockwork Orange."
},
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "Kubrick based his adapted screenplay on William Makepeace Thackeray's The Luck of Barry Lyndon (republished as the novel Memoirs of Barry Lyndon, Esq.), a picaresque tale written and published in serial form in 1844."
},
{
"section_header": "Source novel",
"text": "In Thackeray's writings, events are related in the first person by Barry himself."
}
] |
Barry Lyndon is a film that written by the same person of made 2001: A Space Odyssey and Clockwork Orange.
| 0 | 0 |
Barry Lyndon
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world."
}
] |
s9p7LhUdIIK9juNYfSBB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Transport | Rail | Underground and DLR",
"text": "The London Underground, commonly referred to as the Tube, is the oldest and third longest metro system in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Districts",
"text": "Since 1965 Greater London has been divided into 32 London boroughs in addition to the ancient City of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Cable car",
"text": "It is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although special fares are charged."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport",
"text": "Transport for London is now the statutory corporation responsible for most aspects of the transport system in Greater London, and is run by a board and a commissioner appointed by the Mayor of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "London is an ancient name, already attested in the first century AD, usually in the Latinised form Londinium; for example, handwritten Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70–80"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Scope",
"text": "The small ancient City of London at its core once comprised the whole settlement, but as its urban area grew, the Corporation of London resisted attempts to amalgamate the city with its suburbs, causing \"London\" to be defined in a number of ways for different purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The City of London, London's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles (2.9 km2) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | The City of London",
"text": "London has over 480 overseas banks, more than any other city in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport",
"text": "The lines that formed the London Underground, as well as trams and buses, became part of an integrated transport system in 1933 when the London Passenger Transport Board or London Transport was created."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world."
}
] |
London has the most ancient subway system in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
London
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "France ended support for the exiled Jacobites, and recognised the Hanoverians as heirs to the British throne."
}
] |
sARpp7ShQKihQrNkyXhr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns 1701–1708 | War beyond Europe and related conflicts",
"text": "Also, there were minor trade conflicts in South America, India, and Asia; the financial strains of war particularly affected the Dutch East India Company, as it was a huge drain on scarce naval resources."
},
{
"section_header": "War aims and major parties | Dutch Republic",
"text": "However, Dutch priorities were to re-establish and strengthen the Barrier fortresses, retain control of the economically vital Scheldt estuary, and gain access to trade in the Spanish Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to war",
"text": "Its provisions included securing the Dutch Barrier in the Spanish Netherlands, the Protestant succession in England and Scotland and an independent Spain but did not refer to placing Archduke Charles on the Spanish throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Concern over the expansion of British trade post-Utrecht, and the advantage provided over its rivals, was viewed by his successors as a threat to the balance of power, and a major factor behind French participation in the 1740 to 1748 War of the Austrian Succession."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While they remained a major trading power, the huge costs of the war badly damaged the Dutch economy; in return they gained a strengthened defence line in the Southern Netherlands, funded by Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "War aims and major parties | Britain (England and Scotland pre-1707)",
"text": "Alignment on reducing the power of France and securing the Protestant succession for the British throne masked differences on how to achieve them."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns 1701–1708 | Spain and Portugal",
"text": "Anglo-Dutch involvement was driven by the mercantilist strategy of securing trade in the Mediterranean and gaining commercial access to the Spanish Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "No peace without Spain; 1709–1713 | Diplomacy",
"text": "The Dutch now discovered they had been excluded from a commercial agreement between Britain and Archduke Charles, awarding them trading rights in Spanish America."
},
{
"section_header": "War aims and major parties | Dutch Republic",
"text": "The 1672 to 1678 Franco-Dutch War showed the Spanish could not defend the Southern Netherlands, and so the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick allowed the Dutch to place garrisons in eight key cities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Britain kept Gibraltar and Menorca, acquired significant concessions in the Spanish Americas, and replaced the Dutch as the leading maritime and commercial European power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "France ended support for the exiled Jacobites, and recognised the Hanoverians as heirs to the British throne."
}
] |
The Dutch were a minor trading power at the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession.
| 0 | 5 |
War of the Spanish Succession
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide."
}
] |
sAco43jd0FWBFiercYsG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "Released in January 1963, two months ahead of the album of the same name, the song reached number one on every UK chart except Record Retailer, where it peaked at number two."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | 1964 world tour, meeting Bob Dylan, and stand on civil rights",
"text": "During the 1964 US tour, the group were confronted with racial segregation in the country at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2008, the group topped Billboard's list of the all-time most successful artists on the Billboard Hot 100."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "They ranked number one on Billboard magazine's list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, released in 2008 to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "As of 2017, they hold the record for most number-"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1970s",
"text": "The only one to feature previously unreleased material was The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl (1977); the first officially issued concert recordings by the group, it contained selections from two shows they played during their 1964 and 1965 US tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group, whose best-known line-up comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They hold the record for most number-one albums on the UK Albums Chart, most number-one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, and most singles sold in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "The Beatles' 1, a compilation album of the band's British and American number-one hits, was released on 13 November 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "With Help!, the Beatles became the first rock group to be nominated for a Grammy Award for Album of the Year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide."
}
] |
The Beatles are the number two all time group.
| 2 | 4 |
The Beatles
|
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