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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons (Eald-Seaxe) of Old Saxony between the Weser and Eider rivers in Northern Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\"."
}
] |
sn64W0aG4Y3qEnmKmqjX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country and its people is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons (Eald-Seaxe) of Old Saxony between the Weser and Eider rivers in Northern Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "In Scottish Gaelic, another language which developed on the island of Great Britain, the Saxon tribe gave their name to the word for England (Sasunn); similarly, the Welsh name for the English language is \"Saesneg\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "Albion is also applied to England in a more poetic capacity, though its original meaning is the island of Britain as a whole."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula, who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Governance | Politics",
"text": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments."
},
{
"section_header": "Toponymy",
"text": "The Angles came from the Anglia peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area (present-day German state of Schleswig–Holstein) of the Baltic Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | ReligionIn the 2011 census, 59.4% of the population of England specified their religion as Christian, 24.7% answered that they had no religion, 5% specified that they were Muslim, while 3.7% of the population belongs to other religions and 7.2% did not give an answer. Christianity is the most widely practised religion in England, as it has been since the Early Middle Ages, although it was first introduced much earlier in Gaelic and Roman times. This Celtic Church was gradually joined to the Catholic hierarchy following the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by St Augustine. The established church of England is the Church of England, which left communion with Rome in the 1530s when Henry VIII was unable to annul his marriage to the aunt of the king of Spain. The church regards itself as both Catholic and Protestant.There are High Church and Low Church traditions and some Anglicans regard themselves as Anglo-Catholics, following the Tractarian movement. The monarch of the United Kingdom is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England, which has around 26 million baptised members (of whom the vast majority are not regular churchgoers). It forms part of the Anglican Communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury acting as its symbolic worldwide head. Many cathedrals and parish churches are historic buildings of significant architectural importance, such as Westminster Abbey, York Minster, Durham Cathedral, and Salisbury Cathedral.",
"text": "Jews have a history of a small minority on the island since 1070."
}
] |
The country of England which is part of the United Kingdom is derived from a word that means "land of Angles" which where Germanic Tribes that came to the island.
| 0 | 0 |
England
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glee (stylized in all lowercase) is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19, 2009, to March 20, 2015."
}
] |
snHYTfEAWpfCpnYfaaox
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Fandom",
"text": "On IMDb, Glee is the seventh highest ranking TV series of the period 2002–2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "James Poniewozik of Time ranked it the eighth best television show of the year, commenting: \"when Glee works—which is often—it is transcendent, tear-jerking and thrilling like nothing else on TV.\" Entertainment Weekly's Ken Tucker ranked it ninth, calling it \"Hands down the year's most novel show [and] also its least likely success\", Lisa Respers France of CNN wrote that while ordinarily Glee's premise would have been \"a recipe for disaster\", the show has \"such quirky charm and bravado that it is impossible not to get swept up\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview",
"text": "Season 6 focuses on Rachel Berry, who returns to McKinley after her television pilot fails."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview",
"text": "The finale jumps five years into the future: The finale jumps five years into the future: Rachel has married Jesse St. James (Jonathan Groff), wins a Tony Award, and is a surrogate mother for Kurt and Blaine (who are themselves Broadway stars)."
},
{
"section_header": "Series overview",
"text": "Season 5, unlike previous seasons, continues the school year begun in the previous season."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and accolades",
"text": "In 2009, the series won five Satellite Awards: \"Best Musical or Comedy TV Series\", \"Best Actor\" and \"Actress in a Musical or Comedy TV Series\" for Morrison and Michele, \"Best Supporting Actress\" for Lynch and \"Special Achievement for Outstanding Guest Star\" for Kristin Chenoweth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Fandom",
"text": "Glee is one of the most tweeted-about TV shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Fandom",
"text": "In 2011, it was the top trending US TV show."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Murphy said, \"We didn't want to have a show where they were in high school for eight years."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Conception",
"text": "He completed the script in 2005, but could not generate interest in the project for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glee (stylized in all lowercase) is an American musical comedy-drama television series that aired on the Fox network in the United States from May 19, 2009, to March 20, 2015."
}
] |
The TV series rank for 6 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Glee (TV series)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English-language version premiered in London in 1955."
}
] |
snemzJbECWIYlUMsYdS7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Works inspired by Godot",
"text": "It was translated from the Serbian into German (Godot ist gekommen) and French."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English-language version premiered in London in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The premiere, directed by Roger Blin, was on 5 January 1953 at the Théâtre de Babylone, Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot is Beckett's translation of his own original French-language play, En attendant Godot, and is subtitled (in English only) \" a tragicomedy in two acts\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "The English-language premiere was on 3 August 1955 at the Arts Theatre, London, directed by the 24-year-old Peter Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "An inmate obtained a copy of the French first edition, translated it himself into German and obtained permission to stage the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "\" In 1957, four years after its world premiere, Waiting for Godot was staged for one night only at the San Quentin State Prison in California."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | American reception",
"text": "Planning for an American tour for Waiting for Godot started in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Waiting for Godot is not simply a literal translation of En attendant Godot."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "Directed by Rudi Azank, the English script was based on Beckett's original French manuscript of En attendant Godot (the new title being an alternate translation of the French) prior to censorship from British publishing houses in the 1950s, as well as adaptation to the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives."
}
] |
Waiting for Godot which premiered in 1953 was originally written in French and and was next translated into German to premiere in 1955.
| 0 | 0 |
Waiting for Godot
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
snheXCl2koQ2H49uDNZx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Tommy played in one game with the Chicago Cubs in 1927, and Luke played for four teams over 20 years and, as manager of the St. Louis Browns, led the team to its only pennant in 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell was a member of Pi Kappa Phi fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Joe Sewell graduated from Wetumpka High School in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He led the school baseball team to four conference titles before joining the minor league New Orleans Pelicans in 1920, where he played a partial season before being called up to the \"big league\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "One of his pitchers was future NFL standout, Alabama quarterback and 1966 MLB 10th round draftee (Yankees) Ken \"The Snake\" Stabler."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Sewell-Thomas Stadium, the baseball stadium at the University of Alabama, is named in his honor and is nicknamed by Crimson Tide fans as \"The Joe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell also played in 1,103 consecutive games, which to that point was second only to Everett Scott."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Sewell played in two World Series, in 1920 and 1932, winning both times."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "In 1981, Lawrence Ritter and Donald Honig included him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players of All Time. (He joined the Indians' roster after September 1 in 1920 and normally would not have been eligible to participate in post-season play, but Wilbert Robinson, manager of the Brooklyn Robins, waived the rule because of the circumstances with Chapman.) Two of his brothers, Luke Sewell and Tommy Sewell, also played major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Playing with Cleveland until 1930 and the New York Yankees from 1931 to 1933, Sewell batted .312 with 1,141 runs, 1,054 RBI, 436 doubles, 68 triples, 49 home runs, 842 bases on balls and a .391 on-base percentage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Wheeler Sewell (October 9, 1898 – March 6, 1990) was a Major League Baseball infielder for the Cleveland Indians and New York Yankees."
}
] |
Joe Sewell played MLB for 2 teams.
| 0 | 3 |
Joe Sewell
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Today, the Vermont Army National Guard and Vermont Air National Guard are collectively known as the Vermont National Guard or the \"Green Mountain Boys\", even though women have served in both branches since the mid-twentieth century."
}
] |
snymrsE2BPtHFym2vki9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The remnants of the Green Mountain Boys militia were largely reconstituted as the Green Mountain Continental Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vermont Republic operated for 14 years, before being admitted in 1791 to the United States as the 14th state."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The army of the Vermont Republic was based upon the Green Mountain Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Notable members",
"text": "diarist who chronicled the Green Mountain Boys’ 1775 expedition to Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Both units use the original Green Mountain Boys battle flag as their banner."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys later formed the basis of the Vermont militia that selected Seth Warner as its leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Flag",
"text": "A remnant of a Green Mountain Boys flag, believed to have belonged to John Stark, is owned by the Bennington Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "With several hundred members, the Green Mountain Boys effectively controlled the area where New Hampshire grants had been issued."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Vermont Army version of the Green Mountain Boys faded away after Vermont joined the United States as the 14th U.S. state in 1791, although the Green Mountain Boys mustered for the War of 1812, The Civil War, the Spanish–American War, and following World War I as the Vermont National Guard."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original Green Mountain Boys were a militia organized in what is now southwestern Vermont in the decade prior to the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Today, the Vermont Army National Guard and Vermont Air National Guard are collectively known as the Vermont National Guard or the \"Green Mountain Boys\", even though women have served in both branches since the mid-twentieth century."
}
] |
Females could be Green Mountain Boys, too.
| 0 | 0 |
Green Mountain Boys
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in the literary journal The Russian Messenger in twelve monthly installments during 1866."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "From then on, Crime and Punishment is referred to as a novel."
}
] |
so26lYENxfD9ygSPMl2B
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 2",
"text": "When he emerges several days later he finds that Razumikhin has tracked him down and has been nursing him."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "From then on, Crime and Punishment is referred to as a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "Nikolai Dementiev (Николай Дементьев), also known as Mikolka – A house painter who happens to be nearby at the time of the murder and is initially suspected of the crime."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Epilogue",
"text": "Sonya follows Raskolnikov to Siberia, but he is initially hostile towards her as he is still struggling to acknowledge any moral culpability for his crime, feeling himself to be guilty only of weakness."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "There have been over 25 film adaptations of Crime and Punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "Crime and Punishment is written from a third-person omniscient perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The first part of Crime and Punishment published in the January and February issues of The Russian Messenger met with public success."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Why Dostoevsky abandoned his initial version remains a matter of speculation."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Edward Wasiolek who has argued that Dostoevsky was a skilled craftsman, highly conscious of the formal pattern in his art, has likened the structure of Crime and Punishment to a \"flattened X\", saying: Parts I-III [of Crime and Punishment] present the predominantly rational and proud Raskolnikov: Parts IV–VI, the emerging \"irrational\" and humble Raskolnikov."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "They include: Raskolnikow (aka Crime and Punishment, 1923) directed by Robert Wiene Crime and Punishment (1935 American film) starring Peter Lorre, Edward Arnold and Marian Marsh"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first published in the literary journal The Russian Messenger in twelve monthly installments during 1866."
}
] |
Crime and Punishment was initially released in several parts.
| 0 | 0 |
Crime and Punishment
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1848, Garibaldi returned to Italy and commanded and fought in military campaigns that eventually led to Italian unification."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Expedition against Rome",
"text": "His efforts to overthrow the pope by military action mobilized anti-Catholic support."
}
] |
sobovUmziBt6HfKMP6M7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural depictions",
"text": "People in Indian Creek wanted to use the gold to finance a dam, but Mandati plans to lend support to General Garibaldi and Italian reunification."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1848, Garibaldi returned to Italy and commanded and fought in military campaigns that eventually led to Italian unification."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Expedition against Rome",
"text": "His efforts to overthrow the pope by military action mobilized anti-Catholic support."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Second Italian War of Independence",
"text": "Garibaldi was appointed major general and formed a volunteer unit named the Hunters of the Alps (Cacciatori delle Alpi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi ( GARR-ib-AWL-dee, Italian: [dʒuˈzɛppe ɡariˈbaldi] (listen); 4 July 1807 – 2 June 1882) was an Italian general, patriot, and republican."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Italy | North America and the Pacific",
"text": "At Lima, Garibaldi was generally welcomed."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Return to Italy",
"text": "In the course of the following unsuccessful First Italian War of Independence, Garibaldi led his legion to two minor victories at Luino and Morazzone."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Induction to Freemasonry | Election of Pope Pius IX, 1846",
"text": "The election of Pope Pius IX in 1846 caused a sensation among Italian patriots, both at home and in exile."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Commemoration | Places named after Garibaldi",
"text": "Garibaldi, Oregon, United States"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered to be one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's \"fathers of the fatherland\", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini."
}
] |
Italian general Giuseppe Garibaldi was anti-catholic, wanted to unite Italy and led a campaign to overthrow the pope.
| 1 | 2 |
Giuseppe Garibaldi
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson died at age 67 in St. Louis, Missouri, just a few hours after his successor, Ernest Barnard."
}
] |
somD0tnPjuBhyoJXVxtq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Byron Bancroft \"Ban\" Johnson (January 5, 1864 – March 28, 1931) was an American executive in professional baseball who served as the founder and first president of the American League (AL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Johnson died at age 67 in St. Louis, Missouri, just a few hours after his successor, Ernest Barnard."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "It was later revealed that he not only had been negotiating surreptitiously with Boston people for several months, but also that he had money invested in the Boston franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "their manager Franklin was told right up to Jan. 29, 1901, that \"Buffalo was in the league and not to worry\", Ban Johnson unceremoniously dumped Buffalo and placed the franchise in Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "He got his chance after the 1899 season, when the National League dropped teams in Baltimore, Cleveland, Louisville and Washington,"
},
{
"section_header": "Formation of the American League",
"text": "In October, he withdrew the AL from the National Agreement (the formal understanding between the NL and the minor leagues)."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "Landis banned two New York Giants from the Series for attempting to bribe members of the Philadelphia Phillies late in the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnson developed the AL—a descendant of the minor league Western League—into a \"clean\" alternative to the National League, which had become notorious for its rough-and-tumble atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "The Western League",
"text": "At the urging of Comiskey and Reds owner John T. Brush, Johnson was elected as president of the Western League, a faltering minor league, at a reorganization meeting held in 1893.Johnson had criticized the National League for its rowdy atmosphere, which was driving away families and women."
},
{
"section_header": "A baseball power",
"text": "Under a new National Agreement, the AL was formally recognized as the second major league."
}
] |
Ban Johnson was an executive and founder of the National League and later died in Massapequa.
| 0 | 0 |
Ban Johnson
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law."
}
] |
sov8CsZvyf1DfK8gUrOC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Equation | Combined gas law",
"text": "Combining the laws of Charles, Boyle and Gay-Lussac gives the combined gas law, which takes the same functional form as the ideal gas law save that the number of moles is unspecified, and the ratio of P"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas."
},
{
"section_header": "Deviations from ideal behavior of real gases",
"text": "The equation of state given here (PV=nRT) applies only to an ideal gas, or as an approximation to a real gas that behaves sufficiently like an ideal gas."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivations | Empirical",
"text": "To derive the ideal gas law one does not need to know all 6 formulas, one can just know 3 and with those derive the rest or just one more to be able to get the ideal gas law, which needs 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Deviations from ideal behavior of real gases",
"text": "Since the ideal gas law neglects both molecular size and inter molecular attractions, it is most accurate for monatomic gases at high temperatures and low pressures."
},
{
"section_header": "Derivations | Empirical",
"text": "The derivation using 4 formulas can look like this: at first the gas has parameters"
},
{
"section_header": "Derivations | Empirical",
"text": "The empirical laws that led to the derivation of the ideal gas law were discovered with experiments that changed only 2 state variables of the gas and kept every other one constant."
},
{
"section_header": "Equation | Molar form",
"text": "Therefore, an alternative form of the ideal gas law may be useful."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form: P V"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It can also be derived from the microscopic kinetic theory, as was achieved (apparently independently) by August Krönig in 1856 and Rudolf Clausius in 1857.Note that this law makes no comment as to whether a gas heats or cools during compression or expansion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first stated by Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron in 1834 as a combination of the empirical Boyle's law, Charles's law, Avogadro's law, and Gay-Lussac's law."
}
] |
The Ideal gas law was first derived by Gauss in 1856.
| 0 | 0 |
Ideal gas law
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton."
}
] |
sozo2TaEs1EW22JotXM8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Medical therapies",
"text": "Neutron radiation can deliver energy to a cancerous region at a rate an order of magnitude larger than gamma radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Electric dipole moment",
"text": "New theories going beyond the Standard Model generally lead to much larger predictions for the electric dipole moment of the neutron."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery",
"text": "In the 1911 Rutherford model, the atom consisted of a small positively charged massive nucleus surrounded by a much larger cloud of negatively charged electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "Because of the strength of the nuclear force at short distances, the binding energy of nucleons is more than seven orders of magnitude larger than the electromagnetic energy binding electrons in atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Structure and geometry of charge distribution",
"text": "This can be reconciled classically with a neutral neutron composed of a charge distribution in which the negative sub-parts of the neutron have a larger average radius of distribution, and therefore contribute more to the particle's magnetic dipole moment, than do the positive parts that are, on average, nearer the core."
},
{
"section_header": "Beta decay and the stability of the nucleus | Competition of beta decay types",
"text": "This isotope has one unpaired proton and one unpaired neutron, so either the proton or the neutron can decay."
},
{
"section_header": "Neutron temperature | Thermal neutrons",
"text": "In many substances, thermal neutron reactions show a much larger effective cross-section than reactions involving faster neutrons, and thermal neutrons can therefore be absorbed more readily (i.e., with higher probability) by any atomic nuclei that they collide with, creating a heavier – and often unstable – isotope of the chemical element as a result."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The free proton is stable. Neutrons or protons bound in a nucleus can be stable or unstable, however, depending on the nuclide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Intrinsic properties | Electric charge",
"text": "By comparison, the charge of the proton is +1 e."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The neutron is a subatomic particle, symbol n or n0, with no electric charge and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton."
}
] |
Neutrons are larger than protons.
| 0 | 0 |
Neutron
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He earned his nickname in 1929 in San Antonio, Texas, while in the U.S. Army and pitching for the Fort Sam Houston baseball team."
}
] |
spJHMIIkrGzyzUuKjLCD
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jay Hanna \"Dizzy\" Dean (January 16, 1910 – July 17, 1974), also known as Jerome Herman Dean (both the 1910 and 1920 Censuses show his name as \"Jay\"), was an American professional baseball pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He earned his nickname in 1929 in San Antonio, Texas, while in the U.S. Army and pitching for the Fort Sam Houston baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dean was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Dean was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953"
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "Dean was known for antics which inspired his nickname."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In the sketch, Abbott is explaining to Costello that many ballplayers have unusual nicknames including Dizzy Dean, his brother Daffy Dean, and their \"French cousin Goofé Dean\" (\"goofy\" pronounced with a French accent)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Dean was an effective hitting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Injury-shortened career",
"text": "Rowland signed the ragged righty for $185,000, one of the most expensive loss-leader contracts in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "MVP in 1934 Inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame Despite having what amounted to only half a career, in 1999, he ranked Number 85 on \"The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players\", and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
}
] |
Dizzy Dean was a professional baseball pitcher that got his nickname pitching for a Military Baseball group.
| 0 | 0 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "The novel was originally published in monthly instalments in the magazine Bentley's Miscellany, from February 1837 to April 1839."
}
] |
spp37L5TLa9xndiRp7lv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Oliver Twist; or, the Parish Boy's Progress is Charles Dickens's second novel, and was published as a serial from 1837 to 1839 and released as a three-volume book in 1838, before the serialization ended."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "The novel was originally published in monthly instalments in the magazine Bentley's Miscellany, from February 1837 to April 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes and symbols | Poverty and social class",
"text": "The 2005 film Oliver Twist adaptation of the novel dispenses with the paradox of Oliver's genteel origins by eliminating his origin story completely, making him just another anonymous orphan like the rest of Fagin's gang."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "The novel first appeared in book form six months before the initial serialisation was completed, in three volumes published by Richard Bentley, the owner of Bentley's Miscellany, under the author's pseudonym, \"Boz\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes and symbols | Poverty and social class",
"text": "Oliver owes his life several times over to kindness both large and small."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Workhouse years",
"text": "Oliver is meagerly provided for under the terms of the Poor Law and spends the first nine years of his life living at a baby farm in the 'care' of a woman named Mrs. Mann."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes and symbols | Symbolism",
"text": "The \"merry old gentleman\" Fagin, for example, has satanic characteristics: he is a veteran corrupter of young boys who presides over his own corner of the criminal world; he makes his first appearance standing over a fire holding a toasting-fork, and he refuses to pray on the night before his execution."
},
{
"section_header": "Publications",
"text": "It was originally intended to form part of Dickens's serial, The Mudfog Papers."
},
{
"section_header": "Allegations of antisemitism",
"text": "While Dickens first reacted defensively upon receiving Davis's letter, he then halted the printing of Oliver Twist, and changed the text for the parts of the book that had not been set, which explains why after the first 38 chapters Fagin is barely called \"the Jew\" at all in the next 179 references to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Workhouse years",
"text": "Oliver Twist is born into a life of poverty and misfortune, raised in a workhouse in the fictional town of Mudfog, located 70 miles (110 km) north of London."
}
] |
The book Oliver Twist was originally published over a period of 2 years.
| 0 | 0 |
Oliver Twist
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "In the aftermath of the War of 1812 the federal government suffered from the disarray of an unregulated currency and a lack of fiscal order; business interests sought security for their government bonds."
}
] |
sq5fzxeOQ4ol3bEBYeV1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "A national alliance arose to legislate a central bank to address these needs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The essential function of the bank was to regulate the public credit issued by private banking institutions through the fiscal duties it performed for the U.S. Treasury, and to establish a sound and stable national currency."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "In the aftermath of the War of 1812 the federal government suffered from the disarray of an unregulated currency and a lack of fiscal order; business interests sought security for their government bonds."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Hostile to the regulatory effects of the central bank, private banks—proliferating with or without state charters—had scuttled rechartering of the first BUS in 1811."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Subsequent efforts by Calhoun and Clay to earmark the bank's $1.5 million establishment \"bonus\", and annual dividends estimated at $650,000, as a fund for internal improvements, were vetoed by President Madison, on strict constructionist grounds."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "The political climate—dubbed the Era of Good Feelings—favored the development of national programs and institutions, including a protective tariff, internal improvements and the revival of a Bank of the United States Southern and western support for the bank, led by Republican nationalists John C. Calhoun of South Carolina and Henry Clay of Kentucky was decisive in the successful chartering effort."
},
{
"section_header": "Terms of charter",
"text": "Headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the bank was authorized to establish branch offices where it deemed suitable and these were immune from state taxation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "Old Republicans, represented by John Taylor of Caroline and John Randolph of Roanoke characterized the Second Bank of the United States as both constitutionally illegitimate and a direct threat to Jeffersonian agrarianism, state sovereignty and the institution of slavery, expressed by Taylor's statement that \"...if Congress could incorporate a bank, it might emancipate a slave\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "The political support for the revival of a national banking system was rooted in the early 19th century transformation of the country from simple Jeffersonian agrarianism towards one interdependent with industrialization and finance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jackson's Bank War",
"text": "Jackson proceeded to destroy the bank as a financial and political force by removing its federal deposits, and in 1833, federal revenue was diverted into selected private banks by executive order, ending the regulatory role of the Second Bank of the United States."
}
] |
The Second Bank of the United States was established because a national alliance formed that stated that a central bank was needed to address currency issues and establish fiscal order.
| 0 | 2 |
Second Bank of the United States
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans."
}
] |
sqL0FUUD4A2EAsrUsAfh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross is a play by David Mamet that won the Pulitzer Prize in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Glengarry Glen Ross has also been produced as a radio play for BBC Radio 3, featuring Héctor Elizondo, Stacy Keach, Bruce Davison, and Alfred Molina as Roma, first airing 20 March 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The world premiere of Glengarry Glen Ross was at the Cottesloe Theatre of the Royal National Theatre in London on 21 September 1983, directed by Bill Bryden."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Glengarry Highlands is the prime real estate everyone is attempting to sell now; Glen Ross Farms is mentioned by several characters as having been very lucrative for those selling it several years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "In Mamet's original 1983 stage version, Levene reveals his daughter's plight as a final ploy to gain Williamson's sympathy to get better leads, although this fails."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "The character played in the film version by Alec Baldwin was written specifically for the movie and does not appear in the playscript."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Tony Haygarth – Tony Haygarth – James Lingk John Tams – BaylenGlengarry Glen Ross had its U.S. premiere on 6 February 1984, at the Goodman Theatre of the Arts Institute of Chicago before moving to Broadway on 25 March 1984 at the John Golden Theatre and running for 378 shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "As a result, Mamet removed the language from a 2004 San Francisco revival."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Original 1983 London cast Derek Newark –"
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Subsequent 1984 Chicago and Broadway cast"
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy",
"text": "There was controversy over lines in the play, and in the film adaptation of it, in which it was claimed prejudice was shown against Indian-Americans."
}
] |
A small section from the original version of the play Glengarry Glen Ross was removed because it referred to out of date information about Chicago politicians.
| 0 | 0 |
Glengarry Glen Ross
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From an early age, Halladay loved baseball, trying every position on the field until, by age 14, his success on the pitcher's mound attracted the attention of major league scouts."
}
] |
sqLUF8GYJRR6gf3EKCIV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays (1998–2009) | 2002–2006",
"text": "He was also named the Sporting News AL Pitcher of the Year and the Baseball Prospectus Internet Baseball Awards AL Cy Young Award winner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Leroy \"Roy\" Halladay III (May 14, 1977 – November 7, 2017) was an American professional baseball pitcher, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays and Philadelphia Phillies between 1998 and 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2010",
"text": "He was likewise selected as the Sporting News NL Pitcher of the Year, the USA Today NL Cy Young, the Baseball Prospectus Internet Baseball Awards NL Cy Young, and the winner of the NLBM Wilbur \"Bullet\" Rogan Legacy Award (NL Pitcher of the Year)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2010 | Perfect game",
"text": "Thanks, Roy Halladay. \" Additionally, the back of each watch was engraved with the date of the game, the line score, and the individual recipient's name."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "The resulting starting pitching lineup of Halladay, Lee, Cole Hamels, Roy Oswalt and Joe Blanton had commentators dub it one of the best rotations ever assembled."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies (2010–2013) | 2011",
"text": "\"Halladay finished second in the NL Cy Young voting to Clayton Kershaw of the Los Angeles Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Toronto Blue Jays (1998–2009) | 2007–2009",
"text": "Halladay finished second in the American League Cy Young Award voting, behind Cliff Lee of Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Retirement",
"text": "Halladay also volunteered as a baseball coach at Calvary Christian High School in Clearwater, Florida where his oldest son played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Halladay was the cover athlete for Major League Baseball 2K11."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Halladay decided to forego his college baseball commitment to Arizona and sign with Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From an early age, Halladay loved baseball, trying every position on the field until, by age 14, his success on the pitcher's mound attracted the attention of major league scouts."
}
] |
Roy Halladay did like baseball since he was young.
| 0 | 0 |
Roy Halladay
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder."
}
] |
sqT7nCWJShvBCAdlfivc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tyrus Raymond Cobb (December 18, 1886 – July 17, 1961), nicknamed The Georgia Peach, was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was born in rural Narrows, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "As described in Smithsonian Magazine, \"In 1907 during spring training in Augusta, Georgia, a black groundskeeper named Bungy Cummings, whom Cobb had known for years, attempted to shake Cobb's hand or pat him on the shoulder."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Death",
"text": "Cobb is interred in the Rose Hill Cemetery in Royston, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career",
"text": "He toured Europe with his family, went to Scotland for some time and then returned to his farm in Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Move to Philadelphia",
"text": "Cobb announced his retirement after a 22-year career as a Tiger in November 1926, and headed home to Augusta, Georgia."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career | Death",
"text": "Approximately 150 friends and relatives attended a brief service in Cornelia, Georgia, and drove to the Cobb family mausoleum in Royston for the burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1915–1921",
"text": "Also in 1917, Cobb starred in the motion picture Somewhere in Georgia for a sum of $25,000 plus expenses (equivalent to approximately $499,000 today )."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1915–1921",
"text": "Based on a story by sports columnist Grantland Rice, the film casts Cobb as \"himself\", a small-town Georgia bank clerk with a talent for baseball."
}
] |
Ty Cobb has the nickname The Georgia Peach since he was born in Georgia which is known as the peach state.
| 3 | 6 |
Ty Cobb
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published by Viking Press in 1957."
}
] |
sr3KQDDbrNmKAOrY2Xnl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production and publication",
"text": "Viking Press released a slightly edited version of the original manuscript titled On the Road: The Original Scroll (August 16, 2007), corresponding with the 50th anniversary of original publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "Yes!' And Shearing was conscious of the madman behind him, he could hear every one of Dean's gasps and imprecations, he could sense it though he couldn't see. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Ginsberg recalled that he was attracted to the beat generation, and Kerouac, because the beats valued \"detachment from the existing society,\" while at the same time calling for an immediate release from a culture in which the most \"freely\" accessible items—bodies and ideas—seemed restricted (1)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part One",
"text": "Not holding this job for long, Sal hits the road again."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "For example, in one of two separate passages where they go to clubs to hear British jazz pianist George Shearing, the effect of the music is described as almost overwhelming for Dean (Pt. 2, Ch. 4): \"Shearing began to play his chords; they rolled out of the piano in great rich showers"
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "Music is an important part of the scene that Kerouac sets in On the Road."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "A film adaptation of On the Road had been proposed in 1957 when Jack Kerouac wrote a one-page letter to actor Marlon Brando, suggesting that he play Dean Moriarty while Kerouac would portray Sal Paradise."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part One",
"text": "Disheartened after a divorce, his life changes when he meets Dean Moriarty, who is \"tremendously excited with life,\" and begins to long for the freedom of the road: \"Somewhere along the line I knew there would be girls, visions, everything; somewhere along the line the pearl would be handed to me.\" He sets off in July 1947 with fifty dollars in his pocket."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "And as I sat there listening to that sound of the night which bop has come to represent for all of us, I thought of all my friends from one end of the country to the other and how they were really all in the same vast backyard doing something so frantic and rushing-about.\" Main characters Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty are clearly enthusiastic fans of the jazz/bebop and early rhythm-and-blues musicians and records that were in the musical mix during the years when story took place, 1947-50."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published by Viking Press in 1957."
}
] |
On the Road was released in 1955.
| 0 | 0 |
On the Road
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Columbus (; Ligurian: Cristoffa Corombo; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas."
}
] |
sr57kqIo6Oz6U6U35wmT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "Three of the ships headed directly for Hispaniola with much-needed supplies, while Columbus took the other three in an exploration of what might lie to the south of the Caribbean islands he had already visited, including a hoped-for passage to continental Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Second voyage",
"text": "Redonda (Santa María la Redonda, Spanish for \"St. Mary the Round\", owing to the island's shape), Nevis (derived from the Spanish Nuestra Señora de las Nieves, \"Our Lady of the Snows\", because Columbus thought the clouds over Nevis Peak made the island resemble a snow-capped mountain), Saint Kitts (for St. Christopher, patron of sailors and travelers),"
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "A number of returning settlers and sailors lobbied against Columbus at the Spanish court, accusing him and his brothers of gross mismanagement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Christopher Columbus (; Ligurian: Cristoffa Corombo; Italian: Cristoforo Colombo; Spanish: Cristóbal Colón; before 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Second voyage",
"text": "He explored that island from 4 to 10 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Accusations of tyranny and brutality",
"text": "Arriving in Santo Domingo while Columbus was away during the explorations of his third voyage, Bobadilla was immediately met with complaints about all three Columbus brothers: Christopher, Bartolomeo, and Diego."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Flat Earth mythology",
"text": "To the contrary, the spherical shape of the Earth had been known to scholars since antiquity, and was common knowledge among sailors."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | Third voyage",
"text": "Exploring the new continent, Columbus correctly interpreted the enormous quantity of fresh water that the Orinoco delivered into the Atlantic Ocean as evidence that he had reached a large landmass rather than another island."
},
{
"section_header": "Voyages | First voyage",
"text": "Columbus took more natives prisoner and continued his exploration."
}
] |
Christopher Columbus was an Spanish sailor and explored the Caribbean Islands
| 2 | 10 |
Christopher Columbus
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was adopted at one and a half years of age by Noreen (Nickelson) and Vernon McDormand and renamed Frances Louise McDormand."
}
] |
srchdxNIUBCxn61FcODq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During the award season, she received significant media attention for her feminist provoking speeches which came with the advent of Time's Up and Me Too movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frances Louise McDormand (born Cynthia Ann Smith, June 23, 1957) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was adopted at one and a half years of age by Noreen (Nickelson) and Vernon McDormand and renamed Frances Louise McDormand."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McDormand has said that her biological mother, to whom she proudly referred, along with herself, as \"white trash,\" may have been one of the parishioners at Vernon's church."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has a sister, Dorothy A. \"Dot\" McDormand, who is an ordained Disciples of Christ minister and chaplain, as well as another sibling, both of whom were adopted by the McDormands, who had no biological children."
}
] |
Frances Mc Dormand grew up with her biological parents.
| 0 | 3 |
Frances McDormand
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Screwtape Letters is a Christian apologetic novel by C. S. Lewis and dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien."
}
] |
ssEX6NnSLDBdOUMN5ExP
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary sequels | Other literary sequels",
"text": "Though C. S. Lewis had resolved not to write another letter, and only revisited the character of Screwtape once, in Screwtape Proposes a Toast, the format, referred to by Lewis himself as a kind of \"demonic ventriloquism\", has inspired other authors to prepare sequels or similar works, such as: Breig, Joseph A. (1952)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "Sings Mi Fa Mi (2007) were inspired by a passage from The Screwtape Letters."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "It's about the thought process we go through to justify a thought or action that is not good for the soul\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Screwtape's advice, selfish gain and power are seen as the only good, and neither demon can comprehend God's love for man or acknowledge human virtue."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Versions of the letters were originally published weekly in the Anglican periodical The Guardian, in wartime between May and November 1941, and the standard edition contains an introduction explaining how the author chose to write his story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot overview",
"text": "In Letter XXII, after several attempts to find a licentious woman for the Patient \"to promote a useful marriage\", and after Screwtape's narrowly avoiding a painful punishment for having divulged to Wormwood God's genuine love for humanity (about which Wormwood had promptly informed the Infernal authorities), Screwtape notes that the Patient has fallen in love with a Christian girl and through her and her family a very Christian way of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sequels | \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast\"",
"text": "The short sequel \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast\" (1959), first published as an article in the Saturday Evening Post, is an addendum to The Screwtape Letters; the two works are often published together as one book. \" Screwtape Proposes a Toast\" takes the form of an after-dinner speech given by Screwtape at the Tempters' Training College for young demons."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Annotated Screwtape Letters",
"text": "An annotated edition of The Screwtape Letters was released in 2013 by HarperOne."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sequels | \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast\"",
"text": "In this sense \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast\" is more strongly political than The Screwtape Letters, wherein no strong stand is made on political issues of the day, such as World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary sequels | \"Screwtape Proposes a Toast\"",
"text": "Screwtape and other demons are portrayed as consciously using the subversion of education and intellectual thought in the West to bring about its overthrow by the communist enemy from without and within."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Screwtape Letters is a Christian apologetic novel by C. S. Lewis and dedicated to J. R. R. Tolkien."
}
] |
The author of, "The Screwtape Letters," acknowledges Aldous Huxley for it's inspiration.
| 0 | 4 |
The Screwtape Letters
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club based in Fulham, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | National competitions | Cups",
"text": "FA CupWinners (8): 1969–70, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2017–18Football League Cup / EFL CupWinners (5): 1964–65, 1997–98, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2014–15FA Charity Shield / FA Community ShieldWinners (4): 1955, 2000, 2005, 2009Full Members' CupWinners (2): 1985–86, 1989–90"
}
] |
ssLhTlK2wrEeziw12wt4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chelsea won its first major honour, the League Championship, in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Chelsea Women",
"text": "Chelsea also operate a women's football team, Chelsea Football Club Women, formerly known as Chelsea Ladies."
},
{
"section_header": "Crest and colours | Crest",
"text": "It also featured three red roses, to represent England, and two footballs."
},
{
"section_header": "Management team",
"text": "Source: Source: Chelsea F.C. The following managers won at least one trophy when in charge of Chelsea: Source: Chelsea F.C."
},
{
"section_header": "Club personnel",
"text": "Chelsea FC plc is the company which owns Chelsea Football Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chelsea is one of five clubs to have won all three of UEFA's main club competitions, and the only London club to have won the Champions League."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The club bounced back immediately by winning the Second Division championship in 1988–89."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on attendance figures, the club has the sixth-largest fanbase in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chelsea Football Club is an English professional football club based in Fulham, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Records",
"text": "With 103 caps (101 while at the club) for England, Lampard is Chelsea's most capped international player."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | National competitions | Cups",
"text": "FA CupWinners (8): 1969–70, 1996–97, 1999–2000, 2006–07, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2017–18Football League Cup / EFL CupWinners (5): 1964–65, 1997–98, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2014–15FA Charity Shield / FA Community ShieldWinners (4): 1955, 2000, 2005, 2009Full Members' CupWinners (2): 1985–86, 1989–90"
}
] |
The Chelsea Football Club is a soccer team in England and has won many championships.
| 0 | 0 |
Chelsea F.C.
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It stood above the city's ruins for sixteen centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At the original site, all that remained by the 19th century were the foundations and some broken sculptures."
}
] |
ssukK4PVZ4y75kmtK4SL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was destroyed by successive earthquakes from the 12th to the 15th century, the last surviving of the six destroyed wonders."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "There they stayed for three centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It is unknown exactly when and how the Mausoleum came to ruin: Eustathius, writing in the 12th century on his commentary of the Iliad says \"it was and is a wonder\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "It stood above the city's ruins for sixteen centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At the original site, all that remained by the 19th century were the foundations and some broken sculptures."
},
{
"section_header": "Discovery and excavation",
"text": "In the 19th century a British consul obtained several of the statues from Bodrum Castle; these now reside in the British Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Conquest",
"text": "In the 4th century BC, Halicarnassus was the capital of a small regional kingdom of Caria within the Achaemenid Empire on the western coast of Asia Minor."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "Suleiman the Magnificent conquered the base of the knights on the island of Rhodes, who then relocated first briefly to Sicily and later permanently to Malta, leaving the Castle and Bodrum to the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "At some point before or after this, grave robbers broke into and destroyed the underground burial chamber, but in 1972 there was still enough of it remaining to determine a layout of the chambers when they were excavated."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history of the Mausoleum",
"text": "This is also about when \"imaginative reconstructions\" of the Mausoleum began to appear."
}
] |
The Mausoleum was destroyed in the 12th century but was later restored in the 17th century.
| 1 | 1 |
Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
}
] |
ssx9UuKkRBA7wDG1Gfzf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He had pitched 20 consecutive years for the White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He returned as a White Sox coach for three seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Urban Clarence \"Red\" Faber (September 6, 1888 – September 25, 1976) was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball from 1914 through 1933, playing his entire career for the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "Faber achieved most of his success with White Sox teams that were usually barely competitive."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "During the summer of 1921, Faber and several other players had to leave a road trip in Washington after receiving subpoenas for the Black Sox trial in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "Faber made the trip but was not asked to testify and returned to the White Sox without missing a start."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "He had lost a significant amount of weight during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Later career",
"text": "He holds the White Sox franchise record for most games pitched, and held the team records for career wins, starts, complete games and innings until they were later broken by Ted Lyons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Success in the 1920s",
"text": "After much of the core of that team was permanently banned in the Black Sox Scandal the White Sox had only two winning seasons in Faber's last 13 years, never finishing above fifth place."
},
{
"section_header": "Major leagues | Early career",
"text": "He said that he saw the lead runner rounding third base on the previous play and he thought that the runner had scored a run."
}
] |
Faber only played for the White Sox during his career.
| 2 | 4 |
Red Faber
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 22,413."
}
] |
stDmNThd713079JVc4QN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "He was capped 11 times by England."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "Edward II of England (1284–1327) was held prisoner in Kenilworth Castle in 1326–1327."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "In order of birth: Henry III of England (1207–1272) commissioned the Dictum of Kenilworth, which was made public on 31 October 1266."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "George Potter (1832–1893), trade unionist, first president of the Trades Union Congress of England and Wales, was born in Kenilworth."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Another near Rudfen was a 30-acre (12 ha) park that was called Little Park in 1581."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival",
"text": "The festival secured funding from Arts Council England."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In May 1961, the Kenilworth Society was formed over concerns about a group of 17th-century listed cottages adjacent to Finham Brook in Bridge Street."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1488 Ralph, abbot of Kenilworth Abbey had 40 acres (16 ha) of land near Redfern, north-west of the town, emparked as Duck Park, which despite its name was a deer park."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The old landscaped gardens to the east and west of the property have been built over for housing, but the south and north gardens still belong to the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts | Kenilworth Arts Festival",
"text": "The festival featured over 30 events, with headliners including American musicians S. Carey and Jesca Hoop; pianist Zoe Rahman; nature writer John Lewis-Stempel and novelists"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 22,413."
}
] |
Kenilworth is in England and has over 23,000 people.
| 0 | 0 |
Kenilworth
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benet's story centers on a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the devil and is defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous 19th century American statesman, lawyer and orator."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Slavery",
"text": "In his speech, Webster denounces slavery."
}
] |
stQssbMcbBXJ1MJLNVdt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the program, Daniel Mouse is a musician whose partner, Jan, sells her soul to the devil in exchange for fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benet's story centers on a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the devil and is defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous 19th century American statesman, lawyer and orator."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Slavery",
"text": "Earlier, he states flatly \"A man is not a piece of property.\" Later, there is this description \"And when he talked of those enslaved, and the sorrows of slavery, his voice got like a big bell."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2017 indie video game, Cuphead, the protagonists of the game sell their soul to the devil, and spend the remainder of the game fighting enemies to try to win their souls back."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Devil and Daniel Webster\" is a short story by Stephen Vincent Benét."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story appeared in The Saturday Evening Post (October 24, 1936) and was published in book form by Farrar & Rinehart the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Slavery",
"text": "And everybody had played a part in it, even the traitors.\" The real Daniel Webster was willing to compromise on slavery in favor of keeping the Union together, disappointing some radical abolitionists, but he held that only the preservation of the Union could keep anti-slavery forces active in the slave areas."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In Season 5, Episode 5 of The Simpsons in \"The Devil and Homer Simpson\", Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut, and the devil, who resembles Ned Flanders, appears to make a deal with Homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Farmer Jabez Stone, from the small town of Cross Corners, New Hampshire, is plagued with unending bad luck, causing him to finally swear \"it's enough to make a man want to sell his soul to the devil!\" Stone is visited the next day by a stranger, who later identifies himself as \"Mr. Scratch\", and makes such an offer in exchange for seven years of prosperity."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Screen",
"text": "An animated television film loosely based on the story, The Devil and Daniel Mouse, was released in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Slavery",
"text": "In his speech, Webster denounces slavery."
}
] |
"The Devil and Daniel Webster" is a story about a man that sells his soul and in the book speaks about pro slavery.
| 0 | 0 |
The Devil and Daniel Webster
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1997, he became the only player in major league history to register both a .700 slugging percentage (SLG) and 30 stolen bases in the same season, on his way to winning the National League (NL) Most Valuable Player Award (MVP)."
}
] |
stTBjxL9DlgNYsp3MLoO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Impact on baseball in Canada",
"text": "Or if you went to play in Maple Ridge, you were playing at Larry Walker Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Colorado Rockies | 1999 season",
"text": "In the July 19 contest versus the Oakland Athletics, Walker became the second player to homer into the plaza reserve seating of one of the upper decks in the Oakland Coliseum, following Mark McGwire, who had done so three seasons earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Colorado Rockies | Most Valuable Player Award (1997)",
"text": "The 9.8 WAR produced is tied for the 64th-highest single-season total among position players in MLB history, per Baseball-Reference.com."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Montreal Expos | 1993−94 seasons",
"text": "With one out in the third inning, Walker caught a Mike Piazza fly ball and innocently handed it to a young fan, six year-old Sebastian Napier, thinking it was the third out of the inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Larry Kenneth Robert Walker (born December 1, 1966) is a Canadian former professional baseball right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Colorado Rockies | 1995−96 seasons",
"text": "On May 26, Walker was selected for his first MLB Player of the Week Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and amateur career",
"text": "Larry Kenneth Robert Walker, Jr., was born on December 1, 1966, in Maple Ridge, a suburb of Greater Vancouver in British Columbia, to Larry, Sr., and Mary Walker, both of Scottish descent."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Recognition, awards, and halls of fame election and consideration | Post-career awards",
"text": "Of 33 MLB players and employees surveyed in 2012 to solicit the opinion of the greatest Canadian baseball player, Walker led with 16 votes, Jenkins was second with 10, and Joey Votto, Justin Morneau and Stubby Clapp each received two."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and amateur career",
"text": "Larry, Jr., was the youngest of four boys, Barry, Carey and Gary."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Colorado Rockies | 2002−2004 seasons",
"text": "Walker played his 1,532nd game on April 6, surpassing Terry Puhl for most games played by a Canadian-born player in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1997, he became the only player in major league history to register both a .700 slugging percentage (SLG) and 30 stolen bases in the same season, on his way to winning the National League (NL) Most Valuable Player Award (MVP)."
}
] |
Larry Walker was a baseball player to do something no one has ever done in the MLB.
| 0 | 4 |
Larry Walker
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became \"one of the earliest superstars\" and \"black baseball's first legitimate home-run slugger\" (Riley), and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1910, his only full season with Philadelphia, Santop and Dick Redding formed a \"kid battery\", catcher and pitcher.(Riley) An amazing .406 lifetime hitter, Santop would often hit long home runs."
}
] |
stV72Bjx3twYYLZKvDnm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Louis Santop Loftin (January 17, 1890 – January 22, 1942) was an American baseball catcher in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In a 1912 game, he was credited with a tape-measure 500-foot bomb – a remarkable feat in the dead-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At this time, he was catching the two players considered the hardest throwing pitchers in the league: Smokey Joe Williams and \"Cannonball\" Dick Redding."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1910, his only full season with Philadelphia, Santop and Dick Redding formed a \"kid battery\", catcher and pitcher.(Riley) An amazing .406 lifetime hitter, Santop would often hit long home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It was a Santop original. When Ruth and Santop faced each other in 1920, Ruth went 0–4, while Santop had 3 hits in 4 at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "However, one month later, one newspaper reported that doctors at Camp Dix examined him and \"found he had a broken and badly twisted arm."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1911, he hit an astonishing .470"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Historians have said Santop served in the Navy. (reference needed) After the war, he was the league's biggest drawing card and received $500 a month, one of the highest salaries paid, playing for the Hilldale Daisies."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "With Hilldale leading a game 2–1 in the bottom of the ninth with one out and the winning runs on base, Santop dropped a popup off the bat of Monarchs catcher Frank Duncan that would have been the second out."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "and then, three years later, hit .455 for the Lincoln Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became \"one of the earliest superstars\" and \"black baseball's first legitimate home-run slugger\" (Riley), and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
}
] |
Louis Santop was one of the great ball players in the African American leagues because he was great at hitting the long ball.
| 0 | 0 |
Louis Santop
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "In April 2010, a private investigator, hired by an American television program, claimed that McDermott was alive in Mexico, and had faked his death for life insurance fraud – but did not provide proof beyond their own statement that they were confident."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "John met gaffer/cameraman Patrick McDermott a year after her 1995 divorce from Matt Lattanzi."
}
] |
stbXz2IDTF8QC0ebsKfL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career | 2012–present",
"text": "Her dates for A Summer Night with Olivia Newton-John even included stops in Asia and Canada and culminated in a rare concert appearance in London in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "The couple dated on and off for nine years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "The Man From Snowy River. Newton-John released another concert DVD, Olivia Newton-John and the Sydney Symphony: Live at the Sydney Opera House and a companion CD, her third live album titled Olivia's Live Hits."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Ongoing health issues",
"text": "Her daughter Chloe also owns a cannabis farm in Oregon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success",
"text": "Newton-John released her first solo album, If Not for You (US No. 158 Pop), in 1971. (In the UK, the album was known as Olivia Newton-John.) The title track, written by Bob Dylan and previously recorded by former Beatle George Harrison for his 1970 album All Things Must Pass, was her first international hit (US No."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New image",
"text": "82 Pop and No. 25 AC), becoming her last charted solo Country airplay single to date."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early success | Lawsuit against MCA Records",
"text": "MCA also had the option of extending the contract for six more records and three more years; and if the artist did not deliver on time, MCA was allegedly allowed to increase the term of the commitment to account for the lateness."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "In April 2010, a private investigator, hired by an American television program, claimed that McDermott was alive in Mexico, and had faked his death for life insurance fraud – but did not provide proof beyond their own statement that they were confident."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Motherhood, cancer and advocacy",
"text": "Newton-John was listed as president of the Isle of Man Basking Shark Society between 1998 and 2005.In 2005, she released Stronger Than Before, sold exclusively in the US by Hallmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Ewbank, Tim (2008). Olivia: The Biography of Olivia Newton-John."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "John met gaffer/cameraman Patrick McDermott a year after her 1995 divorce from Matt Lattanzi."
}
] |
Olivia Newton-John once dated a man who allegedly faked his own passing for money.
| 3 | 4 |
Olivia Newton-John
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
}
] |
stqBj51y81lBPuJadbRv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Rev. John Harris first described the rotifers (in particular a bdelloid rotifer) in 1696 as \"an animal like a large maggot which could contract itself into a spherical figure and then stretch itself out again; the end of its tail appeared with a forceps like that of an earwig\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "In many species, such as those in the genus Testudinella, the cilia around the mouth have disappeared, leaving just two small circular bands on the head."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "The largest group is the Monogononta, with about 1500 species, followed by the Bdelloidea, with about 350 species."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "One possibility is that the Acanthocephala are closer to the Bdelloidea and Monogononta than to the Seisonidea; the corresponding names and relationships are shown in the cladogram below."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Nervous system",
"text": "Rotifers have a small brain, located just above the mastax, from which a number of nerves extend throughout the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "About 2200 species of rotifers have been described."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "There are only two known genera with three species of Seisonidea."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "He was also the first to publish observations of the revivification of certain species after drying."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "In 1702, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek gave a detailed description of Rotifer vulgaris and subsequently described Melicerta ringens and other species."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and naming",
"text": "Other forms were described by other observers, but it wasn't until the publication of Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg's"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The rotifers (from Latin rota \"wheel\" and -fer \"bearing\"), commonly called wheel animals or wheel animalcules, make up a phylum (Rotifera) of microscopic and near-microscopic pseudocoelomate animals."
}
] |
The name of the species translates to small and spherical.
| 0 | 0 |
Rotifera
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds"
}
] |
su2vlDA8rK4OSh5uCr4i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Because Paige pitched in Greensboro in 1966, he would not have been eligible for enshrinement until 1971, as players have to be out of professional baseball for at least five years before they can be elected."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Integration in baseball",
"text": "Paige eventually realized that by integrating baseball in the minor leagues first with Robinson, the white major league players got the chance to \"get used to\" the idea of playing alongside black players."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of 10, Satchel was playing \"top ball\" which was what got him into baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Date of birth",
"text": "While Satchel Paige was playing baseball, many ages and birthdates were reported, ranging from 1900 to 1908."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Satchel's mother, Lula, would even comment on how Satchel would rather \"play baseball than eat."
},
{
"section_header": "Statistics | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Career statistics and player information from Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs"
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Pittsburgh, California, and North Dakota: 1931–1936",
"text": "This was the first of nine winters that he played in a league that provided ongoing competition between elite black and white baseball players, including major and minor league players."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Integration in baseball",
"text": "Paige answered. \"That little indian fellow from Puerto Rico named Coimbre\" When Branch Rickey signed Jackie Robinson, a former teammate of Paige, Paige realized that it was for the best that Paige himself was not the first black player in major league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Negro leagues | Cuba, Baltimore, and Cleveland: 1929–1931",
"text": "Gambling on baseball games in Cuba was such a huge pastime that players were not allowed to drink alcohol, so they could stay ready to play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played with the St. Louis Browns until age 47, and represented them in the All-Star Game in 1952 and 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leroy Robert \"Satchel\" Paige (July 7, 1906 – June 8, 1982) was an American Negro league baseball and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who is notable for his longevity in the game, and for attracting record crowds"
}
] |
Satchel Paige was an amazing baseball player who played until his late 40s.
| 0 | 4 |
Satchel Paige
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August 1968, when the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact members invaded the country to suppress the reforms."
}
] |
svOmIbVpLhM6XX6XtV7J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization and mass protest in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The only significant change that survived was the federalization of the country, which created the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After national discussion of dividing the country into a federation of three republics, Bohemia, Moravia-Silesia and Slovakia, Dubček oversaw the decision to split into two, the Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution accordingly adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory | Conflicted memories",
"text": "Although the Prague Spring only restored what had existed thirty years earlier in Czechoslovakia, the spring of 1968 had a profound and long lasting impact on the society."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Normalization and censorship",
"text": "Writers and reporters agreed with Dubcek to support a limited reinstitution of the censorship office, as long as the institution was to only last three months."
},
{
"section_header": "Memory | Conflicted memories",
"text": "The memory of the Prague Spring is also transmitted through testimonies of former Czechoslovak citizens."
},
{
"section_header": "Socialism with a human face | The programme of \"socialism with a human face\"",
"text": "At the time of the Prague Spring, Czechoslovak exports were declining in competitiveness, and Dubček's reforms planned to solve these troubles by mixing planned and market economies."
},
{
"section_header": "Soviet reaction | Reactions to the invasion",
"text": "In August 1989, she returned to Prague as U.S. Ambassador, three months before the Velvet Revolution that ended 41 years of Communist rule."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Cultural impact",
"text": "\"The Prague Spring is featured in several works of literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Alexander Dubček was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ), and continued until 21 August 1968, when the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact members invaded the country to suppress the reforms."
}
] |
The Prague Spring lasted for only the springtime months in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic.
| 0 | 0 |
Prague Spring
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars ("
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "The battle took place the day after the Battle of Ulm, and Napoleon did not hear about it for weeks—the Grande Armée had left Boulogne to fight Britain's allies before they could combine their armies."
}
] |
svXfvYjIId1rCUo8y95y
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Supply situation",
"text": "On 16 September, Napoleon gave orders for the French and Spanish ships at Cádiz to put to sea at the first favourable opportunity, join with seven Spanish ships of the line then at Cartagena, go to Naples and land the soldiers they carried to reinforce his troops there, then fight decisively if they met a numerically inferior British fleet."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1805, the First French Empire, under Napoleon Bonaparte, was the dominant military land power on the European continent, while the British Royal Navy controlled the seas."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "The battle took place the day after the Battle of Ulm, and Napoleon did not hear about it for weeks—the Grande Armée had left Boulogne to fight Britain's allies before they could combine their armies."
},
{
"section_header": "Consequences",
"text": "In the end, Napoleon's Empire was destroyed by land before his ambitious naval buildup could be completed."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "Although Trafalgar meant France could no longer challenge Britain at sea, Napoleon proceeded to establish the Continental System in an attempt to deny Britain trade with the continent."
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | Nelson's plan",
"text": "In previous times, fleets had usually engaged in a mixed mêlée of chaotic one-on-one battles."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "Despite the British victory over the Franco-Spanish navies, Trafalgar had negligible impact on the remainder of the War of the Third Coalition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) was a naval engagement fought by the British Royal Navy against the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars ("
},
{
"section_header": "The battle | Departure",
"text": "At 5:40 a.m. on 21 October, the British were about 21 miles (34 km) to the northwest of Cape Trafalgar, with the Franco-Spanish fleet between the British and the Cape."
},
{
"section_header": "Results of the battle",
"text": "The Napoleonic Wars continued for another ten years after Trafalgar."
}
] |
The Battle of Trafalgar was a engagement on land between the Napoleonic and Spanish armies fighting over a piece of land in France.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Trafalgar
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, an Austrian immigrant, worked for 50 years at a Peabody coal mine."
}
] |
svxI8oWvlnyxN9xNOE7Z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "In 1971, Barlick was awarded the Umpire of the Year Award at the Al Somers Umpire School, which was based on a poll of other MLB umpires."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Barlick's brother died, he returned to the coal mine to assist his father."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "Barlick's crew worked the first game at the Houston Astrodome in 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "\" The 1971 season was Barlick's final year of umpiring, and he skipped the final series of the season at the advice of his fellow umpires."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Early career",
"text": "\"Barlick made his first ejection on July 27 of that year, when Brooklyn Dodgers catcher Herman Franks objected to Barlick's strike zone."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Return from the Coast Guard",
"text": "Fans had become irate over a call made by Barlick's crew member George Barr and they littered the field with fruit, soda bottles and paper."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "\"Barlick wore uniform number 1 when the NL adopted them for its umpires in 1970; however, the league retired number 3 in Barlick's honor after his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, an Austrian immigrant, worked for 50 years at a Peabody coal mine."
}
] |
Al Barlick's daddy was a miner.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Barlick
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million ($16 million in inflation-adjusted dollars) and 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days' work on Superman."
}
] |
sw09T0VzctaN3x3XAtIg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marlon Brando Jr. (April 3, 1924 – July 1, 2004) was an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Brando was paid a record $3.7 million ($16 million in inflation-adjusted dollars) and 11.75% of the gross profits for 13 days' work on Superman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Late 1970s",
"text": "Brando was paid $1 million a week for 3 weeks work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Late 1970s",
"text": "It was revealed in a documentary contained in the 2001 DVD release of Superman that he was paid $3.7 million for two weeks of work."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to fame: 1951–1954 | On the Waterfront",
"text": "\" After Brando won the Academy Award for Best Actor, the statue was stolen."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years and death",
"text": "Three weeks later, Brando was dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Godfather and Last Tango in Paris",
"text": "I learned a lot from watching that.\" Brando won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance, but he declined it, becoming the second actor to refuse a Best Actor award (after George C. Scott for Patton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | The Godfather and Last Tango in Paris",
"text": "Who is this old guinea? \" Brando was signed for a low fee of $50,000, but in his contract, he was given a percentage of the gross on a sliding scale: 1% of the gross for each $10 million over a $10 million threshold, up to 5% if the picture exceeded $60 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later work",
"text": "In his memoir, he maintained that Palcy \"had cut the picture so poorly, I thought, that the inherent drama of this conflict was vague at best.\" Brando received praise for his performance, earning an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and winning the Best Actor Award at the Tokyo Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Box office successes and directorial debut: 1954–1959",
"text": "According to Stefan Kanfer's biography of the actor, Brando's manager Jay Kanter negotiated a profitable contract with ten percent of the gross going to Brando, which put him in the millionaire category."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is well-regarded for his cultural influence on 20th-century film."
}
] |
Marlon Brando, an American actor and film director with a career spanning 60 years, during which he won the Oscar for Best Actor twice, was paid a record $3.7 million and 11.75% of the gross profits for three weeks of work on Superman.
| 0 | 0 |
Marlon Brando
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "The supernova classification type is closely tied to the type of star at the time of the collapse."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "The occurrence of each type of supernova depends dramatically on the metallicity, and hence the age of the host galaxy."
}
] |
swHJGh1HmlyCepid1sTb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other impacts | Source of heavy elements",
"text": "However, in the early universe, before AGB stars formed, supernovae may have been the main source of dust."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Light curves",
"text": "This only occurs when the material is sufficiently dense and compact, indicating that it has been produced by the progenitor star itself only shortly before the supernova occurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse | Type Ib and Ic",
"text": "Since a supernova can occur whenever the mass of the star at the time of core collapse is low enough not to cause complete fallback to a black hole, any massive star may result in a supernova if it loses enough mass before core collapse occurs."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Type II",
"text": "The most common type shows a distinctive \"plateau\" in the light curve shortly after peak brightness where the visual luminosity stays relatively constant for several months before the decline resumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse | Type II",
"text": "Extremely luminous stars at near solar metallicity will lose all their hydrogen before they reach core collapse and so will not form a Type II supernova."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The peak optical luminosity of a supernova can be comparable to that of an entire galaxy before fading over several weeks or months."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Thermal runaway | Normal Type Ia",
"text": "Eventually, the secondary star also evolves off the main sequence to form a red giant."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse | Type Ib and Ic",
"text": "For a narrow range of masses, stars evolve further before reaching core collapse to become WO stars with very little helium remaining and these are the progenitors of Type Ic supernovae."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Core collapse | Type II",
"text": "If core collapse occurs during a supergiant phase when the star still has a hydrogen envelope, the result is a Type II supernova."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "Type Ia supernovae are produced from white dwarf stars in binary systems and occur in all galaxy types."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "The supernova classification type is closely tied to the type of star at the time of the collapse."
},
{
"section_header": "Current models | Progenitor",
"text": "The occurrence of each type of supernova depends dramatically on the metallicity, and hence the age of the host galaxy."
}
] |
There are several types of supernova, and the main contributor to which type occurs is what sort of planets and debris surround the star before it dies.
| 1 | 4 |
Supernova
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Noether's mathematical work has been divided into three \"epochs\"."
}
] |
swKwUcmScoGOBVn4PaEg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | First epoch (1908–1919): Algebraic invariant theory",
"text": "An example of an invariant is the discriminant B2 − 4 A C of a binary quadratic form"
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "Noether's work in algebra began in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "He immediately began working with Noether, who provided invaluable methods of abstract conceptualization."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "In 1931 he published Moderne Algebra, a central text in the field; its second volume borrowed heavily from Noether's work."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in abstract algebra",
"text": "Noted algebraist Irving Kaplansky called this work \"revolutionary\"; the publication gave rise to the term \"Noetherian ring\" and the naming of several other mathematical objects as Noetherian."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | First epoch (1908–1919): Galois theory",
"text": "She reduced this to \"Noether's problem\", which asks whether the fixed field of a subgroup G of the permutation group Sn acting on the field k(x1, ... , xn) always is a pure transcendental extension of the field k. (She first mentioned this problem in a 1913 paper, where she attributed the problem to her colleague Fischer.) She showed this was true for n = 2, 3, or 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | First epoch (1908–1919): Algebraic invariant theory",
"text": "Much of Noether's work in the first epoch of her career was associated with invariant theory, principally algebraic invariant theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Noether's mathematical work has been divided into three \"epochs\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the second epoch (1920–1926), she began work that \"changed the face of [abstract] algebra\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Contributions to mathematics and physics | Third epoch (1927–1935): Hypercomplex numbers and representation theory",
"text": "This single work by Noether was of fundamental importance for the development of modern algebra."
}
] |
The work of Emmy Noether has been separated into 4 epochs.
| 2 | 5 |
Emmy Noether
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Future | Series",
"text": ", Forky Asks a Question, debuted exclusively on the Disney+ streaming service upon its launch on November 12, 2019."
}
] |
swreu43ceswe9B1FEuus
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Bonnie uses these to create a bipedal spork with googly eyes, whom she dubs \"Forky\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are joined by Forky, a spork that Bonnie has made into a toy, and embark on a road trip adventure and run into an old friend from Andy's house."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "In its second weekend, Toy Story 4 made $59.7 million and retained the top spot at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "Toy Story 4 made $47.4 million on its first day, including $12 million from Thursday night previews, the second-highest amount for an animated film, behind Incredibles 2."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Series",
"text": "It focuses mainly on Forky, but other Toy Story characters such as Rex, Hamm, Trixie, Buttercup, and Mr. Pricklepants also make appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Writing for IndieWire, David Ehrlich gave the film a grade of B+ and wrote, \"Clever, breathless, and never manic just for the sake of keeping your kids' eyes busy, the action in Toy Story 4 is character-driven and paced to perfection.\" Peter Travers of Rolling Stone, who gave the film four-and-a-half stars out of five stars, praised its, \"visual pow, pinwheeling fun and soulful feeling\" and lauded the voice performance of Tony Hale as Forky."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rumors arose that Toy Story 4 was in production and slated for release for 2015, but Disney denied these rumors in February 2013.Disney officially announced Toy Story 4 during an investor's call on November 6, 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "Although below projections, executives at Disney were satisfied with the debut, since it continued Pixar's \"remarkable consistency\" at the box office and showed \"proof of audiences' long-time love for the Toy Story franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Toy Story 4 is a 2019 American computer-animated comedy film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Toy Story 4 grossed $434 million in the United States and Canada, and $639.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.073 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Series",
"text": ", Forky Asks a Question, debuted exclusively on the Disney+ streaming service upon its launch on November 12, 2019."
}
] |
Forky, a character in Toy Story 4 made of a spork, googly eyes, and pipe cleaners, got its own show online.
| 2 | 4 |
Toy Story 4
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film also won eight European Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Colman."
}
] |
swziaka4AloV8lhYA7Ft
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite was praised for the performances of the three leads, and it received numerous awards and nominations, including ten Academy Award nominations, tying Roma for the most nominations of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "He wrote, \"If Kubrick's 17th-century-set Barry Lyndon flaunted all his resources of cinematic expertise merely to satirize chilly inhumanity, making an evil masterpiece, then The Favourite is merely a wicked stunt.\" The Favourite has received multiple awards and nominations, and won two Venice International Film Festival awards: the Grand Jury Prize and the Volpi Cup for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "During this time, Guiney became acquainted with Lanthimos, whose film Dogtooth (2009) had received an Academy Award nomination for Best Foreign Language Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite also won seven BAFTA Awards (including Best British Film and Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Weisz) and ten British Independent Film Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Colman won the Academy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "By 2013, the producers were receiving financing offers from several companies, including Film4 Productions and Waypoint Entertainment, which later worked on the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Colman won Best Actress at the Academy Awards, the Golden Globes, and the BAFTAs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film also won eight European Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Colman."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Picture, and was ranked by the American Film Institute as one of the top 10 films of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing",
"text": "Deborah Davis wrote the first draft of The Favourite in 1998."
}
] |
The Favourite never received an award.
| 0 | 0 |
The Favourite
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "In Greek and Roman historical tradition, the temple's destruction coincided with the birth of Alexander the Great (around 20/21 July 356 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "Plutarch remarked that Artemis was too preoccupied with Alexander's delivery to save her burning temple."
}
] |
swzuwUzKXSMW2bZolYyP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Third phase",
"text": "There they laid waste many populous cities and set fire to the renowned temple of Diana at Ephesus,\" reported Jordanes in Getica."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "In 356 BC, the temple was destroyed in a vainglorious act of arson by a man, Herostratus, who set fire to the wooden roof-beams, seeking fame at any cost; thus the term herostratic fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "Plutarch remarked that Artemis was too preoccupied with Alexander's delivery to save her burning temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Temple of Artemis or Artemision (Greek: Ἀρτεμίσιον; Turkish: Artemis Tapınağı), also known less precisely as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (associated with Diana, a Roman goddess)."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "The sacred site (temenos) at Ephesus was far older than the Artemision itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "The features are most similar to Near-Eastern and Egyptian deities, and least similar to Greek ones."
},
{
"section_header": "Third phase",
"text": "Alexander offered to pay for the temple's rebuilding; the Ephesians tactfully refused, saying \"it would be improper for one god to build a temple to another\", and eventually rebuilt it after his death, at their own expense."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Foundation deposit",
"text": "A rich foundation deposit from this era, also called the \"Artemision deposit\", yielded more than a thousand items, including what may be the earliest coins made from the silver-gold alloy electrum."
},
{
"section_header": "Cult and influence",
"text": "The archaic temeton beneath the later temples clearly housed some form of \"Great Goddess\" but nothing is known of her cult."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was completely rebuilt twice, once after a devastating flood and three hundred years later after an act of arson, and in its final form was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "In Greek and Roman historical tradition, the temple's destruction coincided with the birth of Alexander the Great (around 20/21 July 356 BC)."
}
] |
The Temple of Artemision was not saved by its goddess when it was set on fire.
| 0 | 0 |
Temple of Artemis
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "The names, the order, length of rule, and even the total number of the Fifteenth Dynasty rulers are not known with full certainty."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "After the end of their rule, the Hyksos kings were not considered to have been legitimate rulers of Egypt and were therefore omitted from most king lists."
}
] |
sxI0XfWAjmC7NE4npMf2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "Bietak suggests that many of the other kings attested on scarabs may have been vassal kings of the Hyksos."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Royal construction and patronage",
"text": "Many of these are inscribed with the name of King Khyan."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "Another king known from scarabs, Sheshi, is believed by \"many [...] scholars\" to be a Hyksos king, however Ryholt assigns this king to the Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Turin King List, which includes the Hyksos and all other disputed or disgraced former rulers of Egypt, appears to date from the reign of Ramesses or one of his successors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many details of their rule, such as the true extent of their kingdom and even the names and order of their kings, remain uncertain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hyksos practiced many Levantine or Canaanite customs, but also many Egyptian customs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many modern scholars believe the Hyksos may have partially inspired the Biblical account."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "Some kings are attested from either fragments of the Turin King List or from other sources who may have been Hyksos rulers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom",
"text": "The fragmentary Turin King List says that there were six Hyksos kings who collectively ruled 108 years,"
},
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "Manfred Bietak proposes that a king recorded as Yaqub-Har may also have been a Hyksos king of the Fifteenth Dynasty."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "The names, the order, length of rule, and even the total number of the Fifteenth Dynasty rulers are not known with full certainty."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule and administration | Rulers",
"text": "After the end of their rule, the Hyksos kings were not considered to have been legitimate rulers of Egypt and were therefore omitted from most king lists."
}
] |
No one knows how many Hyksos kings there were.
| 0 | 0 |
Hyksos
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In Edwardian Britain, Helen Schlegel becomes engaged to Paul Wilcox during a moment of passion, while she is staying at the country home of the Wilcox family, Howards End."
}
] |
sxIlt39m66f07ThfKN85
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock, and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End is a 1992 romantic drama film based upon the 1910 novel of the same name by E. M. Forster, a story of class relations in turn-of-the-20th-century Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The release was unfortunately subject to a bronzing issue which would discolor the disc bronze and render it unplayable, due to a pressing issue at the factory, though not every disc was subject to bronzing."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The piano pieces were performed by the English concert pianist Martin Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After the wedding, Helen, upset with Margaret's decision to marry a man she loathes prepares to leave for Germany, but not before giving in to her attraction for Leonard having sex with him while out boating."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Some time before this, the Schlegels had befriended a self improving young clerk, Leonard Bast, who lives with a woman of dubious origins named Jacky."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End was entered as an official selection for the Cannes International Film Festival and won the 45th Anniversary Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "The \"Howards End\" house in the countryside is Peppard Cottage in Rotherfield Peppard, Oxfordshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Howards End was the first title distributed by this new division."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A year later, Paul, Evie, and Charles's wife Dolly gather at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In Edwardian Britain, Helen Schlegel becomes engaged to Paul Wilcox during a moment of passion, while she is staying at the country home of the Wilcox family, Howards End."
}
] |
This is an English comedy film about a man named Howard dealing with issues he has with his "end".
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End (film)
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
}
] |
sxlPRdAFyvinvm5g8n4Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "The Taj Mahal was commissioned by Shah Jahan in 1631, to be built in the memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal, who died on 17 June that year, while giving birth to their 14th child, Gauhara Begum."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "It was suggested that his son Aurangzeb overthrew Shah Jahan before it could be built."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "He claimed it was built in 1155 AD and not in the 17th century, as stated by the ASI."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies",
"text": "He claimed it was built by a man who jailed his own father and wished to kill Hindus."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The Taj Mahal is built on a parcel of land to the south of the walled city of Agra."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "Since the complex was built in stages, discrepancies exist in completion dates due to differing opinions on \"completion\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The main gateway (darwaza) is a monumental structure built primarily of marble, and reminiscent of the Mughal architecture of earlier emperors."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture and design | Outlying buildings",
"text": "The mosque's basic design of a long hall surmounted by three domes is similar to others built by Shah Jahan,"
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "A longstanding myth holds that Shah Jahan planned a mausoleum to be built in black marble as a Black Taj Mahal across the Yamuna river."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "In 2000, India's Supreme Court dismissed P. N. Oak's petition to declare that a Hindu king built the Taj Mahal."
}
] |
It was built in memory of his Mother.
| 3 | 4 |
Taj Mahal
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing material."
}
] |
sxuVHawGVPrRkYhpcP0z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "In 1986, Simon said he and Garfunkel remained friends and got on well, \"like when we were 10 years old\", when they were not working together."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Simon in England (1964–65)",
"text": "He also met Kathy Chitty, who became the object of his affection and is the Kathy in \"Kathy's Song\" and \"America\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mainstream breakthrough and success (1965–66)",
"text": "He met Davis to ask for permission to license Simon & Garfunkel music for his film."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mainstream breakthrough and success (1965–66)",
"text": "Simon reunited with Garfunkel in New York, leaving Chitty and his friends in England behind."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Simon and Garfunkel met in elementary school in Queens, New York, in 1953, where they learned to harmonize together and began writing material."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "The concert created a renewed interest in Simon & Garfunkel's work."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mainstream breakthrough and success (1965–66)",
"text": "When Nichols was not impressed by Simon's songs \"Punky's Dilemma\" and \"Overs\", Simon and Garfunkel offered another, incomplete song, which became \"Mrs. Robinson\"; Nichols loved it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | From Tom & Jerry and early recordings (1957–64)",
"text": "Simon also wrote and performed demos for other artists, working for a while with Carole King and Gerry Goffin."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakup, rifts, and reunions (1971–1990)",
"text": "Art was hoping to be on the album, but I'm sure there will be other projects that they will work on together.\" Another rift opened when the lengthy recording of Simon's 1986 album Graceland prevented Garfunkel from working with engineer Roy Halee on his Christmas album The Animals' Christmas (1985)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Studio time and low profile (1967–68)",
"text": "For Simon, Bookends represented the end of the collaboration and became an early indicator of his intentions to go solo."
}
] |
Simon and Garfunkel met and became friends at work in a grocery store.
| 1 | 5 |
Simon & Garfunkel
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scott Joplin (c. 1868 – April 1, 1917) was an African-American composer and pianist."
}
] |
szBTcbhNx0bueqhFybEM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other awards and recognition",
"text": "1970: Joplin was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame by the National Academy of Popular Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "About this time, Joplin collaborated with Scott Hayden in the composition of four rags."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "In 1899, Joplin married Belle the sister-in-law of collaborator Scott Hayden."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "Scott writes that \"after a disastrous single performance ... Joplin suffered a breakdown."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years and death",
"text": "In 1914, Joplin and Lottie self-published his \"Magnetic Rag\" as the Scott Joplin Music Company, which he had formed the previous December."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "Schonberg remarked in February 1972 that the \"Scott Joplin Renaissance\" was in full swing and still growing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Scott Joplin (c. 1868 – April 1, 1917) was an African-American composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "In November 1970, Rifkin released a recording called Scott Joplin: Piano Rags on the classical label Nonesuch."
},
{
"section_header": "Life in Missouri",
"text": "By 1903 the Joplins had moved to a 13-room house, renting some of the rooms to lodgers which included pianist-composers Arthur Marshall and Scott Hayden."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival",
"text": "The group subsequently recorded two more albums for Golden Crest Records: More Scott Joplin Rags in 1974 and The Road From Rags"
}
] |
Scott Joplin was the father of singer and songwriter Janis Joplin.
| 0 | 2 |
Scott Joplin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current Prime Minister, following the 2015 election and 2019 election, and is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Justin Trudeau was appointed Prime Minister on November 4, 2015, the first time a father and son had both held the position in Canada."
}
] |
szOH4MSl6qZK4C368VQt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84",
"text": "As a result of the February 18, 1980 Canadian federal election, the 32nd Canadian Parliament was controlled by a Liberal Party majority, led by Prime Minister Trudeau and the 22nd Canadian Ministry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His eldest son, Justin Trudeau, became the 23rd and current Prime Minister, following the 2015 election and 2019 election, and is the first prime minister of Canada to be a descendant of a former prime minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | 1974 election",
"text": "The election of 1974 focused mainly on the current economic recession."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Justin Trudeau was appointed Prime Minister on November 4, 2015, the first time a father and son had both held the position in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | October Crisis",
"text": "Five days later Québec Labour Minister Pierre Laporte was also kidnapped."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | World affairs",
"text": "Lennon said, after talking with Trudeau for 50 minutes, that Trudeau was \"a beautiful person\" and that \"if all politicians were like Pierre Trudeau, there would be world peace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Honorific eponyms",
"text": "Ontario: École élémentaire Pierre-Elliott-Trudeau, Toronto. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau French Immersion Public School, St. Thomas. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau High School, Markham. Ontario: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Public School, Oshawa."
},
{
"section_header": "Writings",
"text": "Pierre Trudeau Speaks Out on Meech Lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1980–84",
"text": "Following the announcement of the results, Trudeau said that he \"had never been so proud to be a Quebecer and a Canadian\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister, 1968–79 | First and second governments, 1968–74 | 1974 election",
"text": "Stanfield proposed the immediate introduction of wage and price controls to help end the increasing inflation Canada was currently facing."
}
] |
Pierre Trudeau is the father of the current Canadian Prime Minister.
| 0 | 0 |
Pierre Trudeau
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most widely used trigonometric functions are the sine, the cosine, and the tangent."
}
] |
szTJl2ynQ9291syl3A5h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In calculus | Definitions using functional equations",
"text": "One can also define the trigonometric functions using various functional equations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most widely used trigonometric functions are the sine, the cosine, and the tangent."
},
{
"section_header": "Basic identities",
"text": "One can also use Euler's identity for expressing all trigonometric functions in terms of complex exponentials and using properties of the exponential function."
},
{
"section_header": "Inverse functions",
"text": "However, on each interval on which a trigonometric function is monotonic, one can define an inverse function, and this defines inverse trigonometric functions as multivalued functions."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Periodic functions",
"text": "Trigonometric functions also prove to be useful in the study of general periodic functions."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Periodic functions",
"text": "The sine and cosine functions are one-dimensional projections of uniform circular motion."
},
{
"section_header": "Inverse functions",
"text": "Just like the sine and cosine, the inverse trigonometric functions can also be expressed in terms of infinite series."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Angles and sides of a triangle | Law of cosines",
"text": "This theorem can be proven by dividing the triangle into two right ones and using the Pythagorean theorem."
},
{
"section_header": "In calculus | Relationship to exponential function (Euler's formula)",
"text": "Most trigonometric identities can be proved by expressing trigonometric functions in terms of the complex exponential function by using above formulas, and then using the identity e a + b = e"
},
{
"section_header": "Basic identities | Parity",
"text": "The cosine and the secant are even functions; the other trigonometric functions are odd functions."
}
] |
Cosine is one of the 3 most used trigonometric functions.
| 0 | 0 |
Cosine
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough – A Double Life and Universal",
"text": "It was distributed by Universal which signed Winters to a long-term contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun",
"text": "She was loaned to 20th Century Fox for Phone Call from a Stranger (1952), with Bette Davis."
}
] |
t0QVmr1SQcWR7syKz5Vr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough – A Double Life and Universal",
"text": "She had a supporting role in Larceny (1948) then 20th Century Fox borrowed her for Cry of the City (1948)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun",
"text": "She was loaned to 20th Century Fox for Phone Call from a Stranger (1952), with Bette Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Winters, Shelley (1989). Shelley II: The Middle of My Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley Winters (born Shirley Schrift; August 18, 1920 – January 14, 2006) was an American actress whose career spanned almost six decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final starring roles",
"text": "She followed it up in 1989 with a second memoir, Shelley II: The Middle of My Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | A Place in the Sun",
"text": "She attended Charles Laughton's Shakespeare classes and worked at the Actors Studio, both as student and teacher.\" She studied in the Hollywood Studio Club, and in the late 1940s, she shared an apartment with another newcomer, Marilyn Monroe."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Winters, Shelley (1980). Shelley: Also known as Shirley."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough – A Double Life and Universal",
"text": "It was distributed by Universal which signed Winters to a long-term contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Breakthrough – A Double Life and Universal",
"text": "Universal gave Winters top billing in South Sea Sinner (1950)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a young woman, she worked as a model."
}
] |
Shelley Winters, an American actress, worked for both Universal and 20th Century Fox.
| 1 | 2 |
Shelley Winters
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story appeared in The Saturday Evening Post (October 24, 1936) and was published in book form by Farrar & Rinehart the following year."
}
] |
t0ZVIaruIQL6JxLp1qcV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Benet's story centers on a New Hampshire farmer who sells his soul to the devil and is defended by Daniel Webster, a fictional version of the famous 19th century American statesman, lawyer and orator."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Treatment of the Indians",
"text": "These ambiguities probably reflect ambivalent perceptions of this aspect of American history in the 20th century at the time of writing, rather than at the time when the story is supposed to take place."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story won the O. Henry Award."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "and It's A Deal, borrow heavily from the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Treatment of the Indians",
"text": "The story may be seen as ambivalent on the treatment of the Native Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Devil and Daniel Webster\" is a short story by Stephen Vincent Benét."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Screen",
"text": "An animated television film loosely based on the story, The Devil and Daniel Mouse, was released in 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Nelvana created an animated television special called The Devil and Daniel Mouse based on the story."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 1995 Tiny Toon Adventures TV special, Night Ghoulery, this story is parodied in the segment \"The Devil and Daniel Webfoot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In Tripping the Rift, Season 1 Episode 5, the story is parodied under the title of \"The Devil and a Guy Named Webster\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story appeared in The Saturday Evening Post (October 24, 1936) and was published in book form by Farrar & Rinehart the following year."
}
] |
The story was written in 19th century.
| 0 | 0 |
The Devil and Daniel Webster
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The Song of God\"), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of Bhishma Parva)."
}
] |
t181eiGh1AvaVT6NxEPE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bhashya (commentaries) | Classical commentaries | Others",
"text": "Vallabha's follower, also wrote a commentary on Bhagavadgita"
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 3 (43 verses)",
"text": "Arjuna, after listening to Krishna's spiritual teachings in Chapter 2, gets more confounded and returns to the predicament he faces."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 12 (20 verses)",
"text": "In this chapter, Krishna glorifies the path of love and devotion to God."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 12 (20 verses)",
"text": "Some translators title the chapter as Bhakti yoga, The Religion of Faith, The Way of Love, or The Yoga of Devotion."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 12 (20 verses)",
"text": "This chapter of the Gita, states Easwaran, offers a \"vastly easier\" path to most human beings to identify and love God in an anthropomorphic representation, in any form."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Theology | Bhakti yoga",
"text": "While bhakti is mentioned in many chapters, the idea gathers momentum after verse 6.30, and it is chapter 12 where the idea is sustainly developed."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 12 (20 verses)",
"text": "In the last eight verses of this chapter, Krishna states that he loves those who have compassion for all living beings, are content with whatever comes their way, who live a detached life that is impartial and selfless, unaffected by fleeting pleasure or pain, neither craving for praise nor depressed by criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 4 (42 verses)",
"text": "Arjuna questions how Krishna could do this, when those sages lived so long ago, and Krishna was born more recently."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 15 (20 verses)",
"text": "Its overall thesis is, states Edgerton, more complex however, because other verses teach the Upanishadic doctrines and \"thru its God"
},
{
"section_header": "Date",
"text": "The Gita is considered by many to be more than 4500 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The Song of God\"), often referred to as the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture that is part of the epic Mahabharata (chapters 23–40 of Bhishma Parva)."
}
] |
The Bhagavadgita has more that 12 chapters.
| 2 | 5 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film became a box office success, grossing $95 million worldwide on a $15 million budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film also won eight European Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Colman."
}
] |
t186yZHVdjaNbmf3F3I1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In its second weekend the film made $1.1 million from 34 theaters, an average of $32,500."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In its third weekend, following its Golden Globe nominations, it made $1.4 million from 91 theaters, and then $2.6 million from 439 theaters in its fourth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In the film's 10th week of release, following the announcement of its ten Oscar nominations, it was added to 1,023 theaters (for a total of 1,540) and made $2.5 million, an increase of 212% from the previous weekend."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Favourite grossed $34.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $61.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide gross of $95.9 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "but Yorgos made it quite clear early on there wasn't going to be much consideration for historical accuracy to a degree."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Favourite opened across the U.S. in its fifth weekend, grossing $2.1 million from 790 theaters and then $2.4 million in its sixth weekend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite was praised for the performances of the three leads, and it received numerous awards and nominations, including ten Academy Award nominations, tying Roma for the most nominations of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Favourite also won seven BAFTA Awards (including Best British Film and Best Actress in a Supporting Role for Weisz) and ten British Independent Film Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "He wrote, \"It's worth pointing out that The Favourite is easily Lanthimos' most user-friendly movie, which isn't to say it isn't strange enough to please his fans, just that it may also convert a legion of new ones\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "It's rare to get a film like this to come along that is so different from what we're used to seeing, especially with a director like this, so to be any part in it was brilliant.\" Filming was expected to begin in the spring of 2016 but was postponed for a year, during which time Lanthimos made The Killing of a Sacred Deer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film became a box office success, grossing $95 million worldwide on a $15 million budget."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film also won eight European Film Awards including Best Film, Best Director and Best Actress for Colman."
}
] |
The Favourite movie made several awards and made over $75 million dollars.
| 0 | 5 |
The Favourite
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning \"City of Shalem\" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE)."
}
] |
t1Qee1p8eG6mPqIOkpkw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Ancient period",
"text": "The Execration Texts (c. 19th century BCE), which refer to a city called rwš3lmm, variously transcribed as Rušalimum/Urušalimum/Rôsh-ramen and the Amarna letters (c. 14th century BCE) may be the earliest mention of the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early Muslim period",
"text": "Christian-Arab tradition records that, when led to pray at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, one of the holiest sites for Christians"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning \"City of Shalem\" after a Canaanite deity, during the Canaanite period (14th century BCE)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "The highest recorded temperature in Jerusalem was 44.4 °C (111.9 °F) on 28 and 30 August 1881, and the lowest temperature recorded was −6.7 °C (19.9 °F) on 25 January 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious significance",
"text": "The hadith, the recorded sayings of the Prophet Mohammad, name Jerusalem as the location of the Al-Aqsa Mosque."
},
{
"section_header": "Names: history and etymology | Jebus, Zion, City of David",
"text": "Called the \"Fortress of Zion\" (metsudat Zion), it was renamed by David as the City of David, and was known by this name in antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Israeli or Jewish nationalists claim a right to the city based on Jewish indigeneity to the land, particularly their origins in and descent from the Israelites, for whom Jerusalem is their capital, and their yearning for return."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Crusader/Ayyubid period",
"text": "Under the terms of surrender, once ransomed, 60,000 Franks were expelled."
},
{
"section_header": "Political status | Jerusalem as capital of Israel",
"text": "Member states were called upon to withdraw their diplomatic representation from Jerusalem."
},
{
"section_header": "Names: history and etymology | Oldest written mention of \"Jerusalem\"",
"text": "The earliest extra-biblical Hebrew writing of the word Jerusalem is dated to the sixth or seventh century BCE and was discovered in Khirbet Beit Lei near Beit Guvrin in 1961."
}
] |
The city of Jerusalem was once called Urusalim based on earliest records.
| 0 | 0 |
Jerusalem
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game (German: Das Glasperlenspiel, pronounced [das ˈɡlaːspɛʁlənˌʃpiːl] (listen)) is the last full-length novel of the German author Hermann Hesse."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views."
}
] |
t1iVioKU379KZFKkYHSY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Earlier plans",
"text": "Instead, he focused on a story set in the future and placed the three shorter stories, \"authored\" by Knecht in The Glass Bead Game, at the end of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game (German: Das Glasperlenspiel, pronounced [das ˈɡlaːspɛʁlənˌʃpiːl] (listen)) is the last full-length novel of the German author Hermann Hesse."
},
{
"section_header": "The game",
"text": "Although the Glass Bead Game is described lucidly, the rules and mechanics are not explained in detail."
},
{
"section_header": "The game",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game is \"a kind of synthesis of human learning\" in which themes, such as a musical phrase or a philosophical thought, are stated."
},
{
"section_header": "Castalia",
"text": "A third role is to cultivate and develop the Glass Bead Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game takes place at an unspecified date centuries into the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It became the \"island of love\" or at least an island of the spirit.\" Freedman opined that in the Glass Bead Game \"contemplation, the secrets of the Chinese I Ching and Western mathematics and music fashioned the perennial conflicts of his life into a unifying design.\" In 2010, The Glass Bead Game was dramatised by Lavinia Greenlaw for BBC Radio 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bead Game\" is a literal translation of the German title, but the book has also been published under the title Magister Ludi, Latin for \"Master of the Game\", which is an honorific title awarded to the book's central character. \" Magister Ludi\" can also be seen as a pun: ludus is a Latin word meaning both \"game\" and \"school\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "Castalia is home to an austere order of intellectuals with a twofold mission: to run boarding schools, and to cultivate and play the Glass Bead Game, whose exact nature remains elusive and whose devotees occupy a special school within Castalia known as Waldzell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Central characters",
"text": "He is the Magister Ludi for a majority of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was begun in 1931 and published in Switzerland in 1943 after being rejected for publication in Germany due to Hesse's anti-Fascist views."
}
] |
The Glass Bead Game was a book that had an anti-fascist author.
| 1 | 2 |
The Glass Bead Game
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Governor of Virginia and diplomat | Louisiana Purchase and Minister to Great Britain",
"text": "Meeting with François Barbé-Marbois, the French foreign minister, Monroe and Livingston agreed to purchase the entire territory of Louisiana for $15 million; the purchase became known as the Louisiana Purchase."
}
] |
t1qYe43DGrNdR7MOwQQg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Also among James Monroe's ancestors were French Huguenot immigrants, who came to Virginia in 1700.At age 11, Monroe was enrolled in the lone school in the county."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Revolutionary War service",
"text": "During this time he formed a close friendship with the Marquis de Lafayette, a French volunteer who encouraged him to view the war as part of a wider struggle against religious and political tyranny."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious beliefs",
"text": "\"When it comes to Monroe's thoughts on religion,\" historian Bliss Isely notes, \"less is known than that of any other President.\" No letters survive in which he discussed his religious beliefs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Revolutionary War service",
"text": "In late December, Monroe took part in a surprise attack on a Hessian encampment at the Battle of Trenton."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Confrontations and strife with Alexander Hamilton",
"text": "Hamilton and his wife thought this was retaliation on the part of Monroe for the recall, and confronted by Hamilton via letter."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency",
"text": "The James Monroe Tomb is a U.S. National Historic Landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Foreign affairs | Monroe Doctrine",
"text": "For their part, the British also had a strong interest in ensuring the demise of Spanish colonialism, with all the trade restrictions mercantilism imposed."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of Virginia and diplomat | Governor of Virginia",
"text": "Federalists were likewise suspicious of Monroe, some viewing him at best as a French dupe and at worst a traitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Monroe became involved in the opposition to Lord Dunmore, the colonial governor of Virginia, and took part in the storming of the Governor's Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Senator",
"text": "Like most other Jeffersonians, Monroe supported the French Revolution, but Hamilton's followers tended to sympathize more with Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Governor of Virginia and diplomat | Louisiana Purchase and Minister to Great Britain",
"text": "Meeting with François Barbé-Marbois, the French foreign minister, Monroe and Livingston agreed to purchase the entire territory of Louisiana for $15 million; the purchase became known as the Louisiana Purchase."
}
] |
James Monroe is partially famous for his part in ripping off the French in a massive real-estate buy-out.
| 0 | 1 |
James Monroe
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both within the single urban area of Metro Manila."
}
] |
t1vB8Fi4lNdJiJx80gil
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "The San Juanico Strait separates the islands of Samar and Leyte but it is traversed by the San Juanico Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both within the single urban area of Metro Manila."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial rule (1565–1946)",
"text": "The Spaniards established Manila, at what is now Intramuros, as the capital of the Spanish East Indies in 1571."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "As of 2015, Calabarzon was the most populated region while the National Capital Region (NCR) the most densely populated."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "Manila Bay, upon the shore of which the capital city of Manila lies, is connected to Laguna de Bay, the largest lake in the Philippines, by the Pasig River."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Before Spanish rule was established, other names such as Islas del Poniente (Islands of the West) and Magellan's name for the islands, San Lázaro, were also used by the Spanish to refer to islands in the region."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature, architecture, and art",
"text": "Four Philippine baroque churches are included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the San Agustín Church in Manila, Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte, Nuestra Señora de la Asunción (Santa María) Church in Ilocos Sur, and Santo Tomás de Villanueva Church in Iloilo."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Military",
"text": "The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) consist of three branches: the Philippine Air Force, the Philippine Army, and the Philippine Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Biodiversity",
"text": "The Philippines is a megadiverse country."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "During the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic."
}
] |
The Philippines capital is San Lazaro.
| 1 | 3 |
Philippines
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (; often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and honors",
"text": "Among Eminem's awards is 15 Grammy Awards, eight American Music Awards and 17 Billboard Music Awards,"
}
] |
t24WdIZoqHd71rd9yLP1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has had ten number one albums on the Billboard 200, which all consecutively debuted at number one on the chart making him the only artist to achieve this, and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and honors",
"text": "He has had ten number-one albums on the Billboard 200: seven solo, two with D12 and one with Bad Meets Evil."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements and honors",
"text": "Among Eminem's awards is 15 Grammy Awards, eight American Music Awards and 17 Billboard Music Awards,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has won numerous awards, including 15 Grammy Awards, eight American Music Awards, 17 Billboard Music Awards, an Academy Award and a MTV Europe Music Global Icon Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (; often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Recovery and Bad Meets Evil reunion",
"text": "With Recovery, Eminem broke the record for the most successive US number-one albums by a solo artist."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Recovery and Bad Meets Evil reunion",
"text": "BET called Eminem the number-one rapper of the 21st century."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2013: The Marshall Mathers LP 2",
"text": "The first American artist with seven consecutive UK number-one albums, he is tied with The Beatles for second place for the most consecutive chart-topping UK albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–2016: Shady XV, vinyl box set, and Southpaw",
"text": "The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 chart, with first-week sales of 138,000 copies in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2007: Encore, more lyrical conflicts and musical hiatus",
"text": "A greatest hits album, entitled Curtain Call: The Hits, was released on December 6, 2005 by Aftermath Entertainment, and sold nearly 441,000 copies in the US in its first week, marking Eminem's fourth consecutive number-one album on the Billboard Hot 200, and was certified double platinum by the RIAA."
}
] |
Eminem is an American rapper, songwriter, and record producer that has had ten number one albums on the Billboard 200, including 13 Grammy Awards,.
| 0 | 0 |
Eminem
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances."
}
] |
t2I8VUmi9DDNRniEOP7A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "There, Naismith handed out the medals to three North American teams: the United States, for the gold medal, Canada, for the silver medal, and Mexico, for their bronze medal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Booths won the bidding and purchased the document for a record US$4,338,500, the most ever paid for a sports memorabilia item, and gave the document to the University of Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": ", he was a talented and versatile athlete, representing McGill in Canadian football, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, and gymnastics."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "When Naismith returned, he commented that seeing the game played by many nations was the greatest compensation he could have received for his invention."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "Although the sport continued to grow, Naismith long regarded the game as a curiosity and preferred gymnastics and wrestling as better forms of physical activity."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Orphaned early in his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for many years and attended grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Allen then went on to coach legends including Adolph Rupp and Dean Smith, among others, who themselves coached many notable players and future coaches."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "By 1892, basketball had grown so popular on campus that Dennis Horkenbach (editor-in-chief of The Triangle, the Springfield college newspaper) featured it in an article called \"A New Game\", and there were calls to call this new game \"Naismith Ball\", but Naismith refused."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "Other common opponents were Haskell Indian Nations University and William Jewell College."
}
] |
James Naismith won many Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances in college.
| 3 | 6 |
James Naismith
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "West has argued that the Prometheus Bound and its trilogy are at least partially and probably wholly the work of Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, who was also a playwright."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from that, however, scholars cannot agree whether the play was written early or late in Aeschylus’ career or even whether it is a genuine work of Aeschylus."
}
] |
t2SkfivlmoJJSJ9RHQ2I
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Scholars at the Great Library of Alexandria unanimously deemed Aeschylus to be the author of Prometheus Bound."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "West has argued that the Prometheus Bound and its trilogy are at least partially and probably wholly the work of Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, who was also a playwright."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This problem is intensified since the date of the trilogy is unknown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from that, however, scholars cannot agree whether the play was written early or late in Aeschylus’ career or even whether it is a genuine work of Aeschylus."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Of all Aeschylus’ works (nearly ninety plays by some accounts), only seven survive, and only the Oresteia trilogy survives complete."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In antiquity, it was attributed to Aeschylus, but now is considered by some scholars to be the work of another hand, and perhaps one as late as c. 430 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "According to the author, Prometheus is being punished not only for stealing fire, but also for thwarting Zeus's plan to obliterate the human race."
},
{
"section_header": "Departures from Hesiod",
"text": "Hesiod essentially portrays the Titan as a lowly trickster and semi-comic foil to Zeus's authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound was the first work in a trilogy that also included the plays Prometheus Lyomenos (Prometheus Unbound) and Prometheus Pyrphoros (Prometheus the Fire-Bearer), neither of which has survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Departures from Hesiod",
"text": "The treatment of the myth of Prometheus in Prometheus Bound is a radical departure from the earlier accounts found in Hesiod's Theogony (511–616) and Works and Days (42–105)."
}
] |
Prometheus Bound's author is unknown but Aeschylus has been given credit for the work.
| 2 | 5 |
Prometheus Bound
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Los Angeles ( (listen); Spanish: Los Ángeles; Spanish for 'The Angels'), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the largest city in California."
}
] |
t30d1z22wmGuNS9Delh7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Cityscape | Landmarks",
"text": "Important landmarks in Los Angeles include the Hollywood Sign, Walt Disney Concert Hall, Capitol Records Building, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, Angels Flight, Grauman's Chinese Theatre, Dolby Theatre, Griffith Observatory, Getty Center, Getty Villa, Stahl House, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum,"
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "At one time, the Los Angeles area hosted two NFL teams: the Rams and the Raiders."
},
{
"section_header": "Crime",
"text": "One shooting led to the death of a SWAT team member, Randal Simmons, the first in LAPD's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Environmental issues",
"text": "Yang-na has also been translated as \"the valley of smoke\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "These teams include the Los Angeles Dodgers and Los Angeles Angels of Major League Baseball (MLB), the Los Angeles Rams and Los Angeles Chargers of the National Football League (NFL), the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association (NBA), the Los Angeles Kings and Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League (NHL), the Los Angeles Galaxy and Los Angeles Football Club of Major League Soccer (MLS), and the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Cardinal Roger Mahony oversaw construction of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, which opened in September 2002 in Downtown Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, Hollywood entertainment industry, and its sprawling metropolis."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Los Angeles is the second-largest city in the United States but hosted no NFL team between 1995 and 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Los Angeles ( (listen); Spanish: Los Ángeles; Spanish for 'The Angels'), officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A., is the largest city in California."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Construction of the cathedral marked a coming of age of the city's Catholic, heavily Latino community."
}
] |
Los Angeles is known as the "City of Angels" because of their baseball team, cathedral, the name's translation from Italian, and at least one landmark.
| 1 | 5 |
Los Angeles
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Nevertheless, over five years, it earned Bryant only $14.92."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "According to Parke Godwin, Bryant's friend, Bryant wrote the poem when he was seventeen years old in mid-1811, just after he had left Williams College."
}
] |
t39DInZZqMsxA8KFTIgr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In 1810 Bryant was forced to leave Williams College for lack of money."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Nevertheless, over five years, it earned Bryant only $14.92."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Cullen Bryant's early education came from his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "According to Parke Godwin, Bryant's friend, Bryant wrote the poem when he was seventeen years old in mid-1811, just after he had left Williams College."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The editors added an introduction to Thanatopsis in a completely different style."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Thanatopsis\" is a poem by the American poet William Cullen Bryant."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "William Cullen Bryant was born in 1794 in Cummington, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The part written by the author begins with \"Yet a few days,\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Instead of a formal education, he started studying law, and began learning an eclectic mix of poetry, such as the works of Isaac Watts and Henry Kirke White, and verses like William Cowper's \"The Task\" and Edmund Spenser's \"The Faerie Queene\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The author republished the poem in 1821 in a collection of works called Poems."
}
] |
"Thanatopsis" earned the author William Bryant enough money to complete his college education.
| 2 | 4 |
Thanatopsis
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels' house is due to expire, Ruth on her death bed bequeaths Howards End to Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This causes great consternation to the Wilcoxes, who refuse to believe that Ruth was in her \"right mind\" or could possibly have intended her home to go to a relative stranger."
}
] |
t3qOBlFF86Gyk5cSnhsJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A year later, Paul, Evie, and Charles's wife Dolly gather at Howards End."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming locations",
"text": "The \"Howards End\" house in the countryside is Peppard Cottage in Rotherfield Peppard, Oxfordshire."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Financing",
"text": "Howards End was the first title distributed by this new division."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Margaret and Henry marry, with the pair arranging to use Howards End as storage for Margaret and her siblings' belongings."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hearing that the lease on the Schlegels' house is due to expire, Ruth on her death bed bequeaths Howards End to Margaret."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howards End was entered as an official selection for the Cannes International Film Festival and won the 45th Anniversary Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Ruth is descended from English yeoman stock, and it is through her family that the Wilcoxes have come to own Howards End, a house she loves dearly."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Fearing that Helen is mentally unstable, Margaret lures her to Howards End to collect her belongings, only to turn up herself with Henry and a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Helen insists on returning to Germany to raise her baby alone but asks that she be allowed to stay the night at Howards End before she leaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The next day, Leonard, still living unhappily in poverty with Jacky, leaves London and travels to Howards End to see the Schlegels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "This causes great consternation to the Wilcoxes, who refuse to believe that Ruth was in her \"right mind\" or could possibly have intended her home to go to a relative stranger."
}
] |
The film Howards End contains a plot point about the alleged arson of the estate called Howards End.
| 0 | 0 |
Howards End (film)
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
}
] |
t4OXm0fKJKV76smtxmBp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In English, Le Rouge et le Noir is variously translated as Red and Black, Scarlet and Black, and The Red and the Black, without the subtitle."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary and critical significance",
"text": "André Gide said that The Red and the Black was a novel ahead of its time, that it was a novel for readers in the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The title is taken to refer to the tension between the clerical (black) and secular (red) interests of the protagonist, but this interpretation is but one of many."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and themes",
"text": "In that 19th-century context, the word \"hypocrisy\" denoted the affectation of high religious sentiment; in The Red and the Black it connotes the contradiction between thinking and feeling."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Book II",
"text": "Meanwhile, Julien is acutely aware of the materialism and hypocrisy that permeate the Parisian elite and that the counterrevolutionary temper of the time renders it impossible for even well-born men of superior intellect and аеsthetic sensibility to participate in the nation's public affairs."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Early in the story, Julien Sorel realistically observes that under the Bourbon restoration it is impossible for a man of his plebeian social class to distinguish himself in the army (as he might have done under Napoleon), hence only a church career offers social advancement and glory."
},
{
"section_header": "Translations",
"text": "The 2006 translation by Burton Raffel for the Modern Library edition generally earned positive reviews, with Salon.com saying, \"[Burton Raffel's] exciting new translation of The Red and the Black blasts Stendhal into the twenty-first century.\" Michael Johnson, writing in The New York Times, said, \"Now ‘The Red and the Black‘ is getting a new lease on life with an updated English-language version by the renowned translator Burton Raffel."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptations",
"text": "Красное и чёрное ( Krasnoe i čërnoe) (Red and Black) is a 1976 Soviet film version, directed by Sergei Gerasimov, with Nikolai Yeryomenko Ml, Natalya Bondarchuk, and Natalya Belokhvostikova."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Rouge et le Noir (French pronunciation: [lə ʁuʒ e l(ə) nwaʁ]; meaning The Red and the Black) is a historical psychological novel in two volumes by Stendhal, published in 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In two volumes, The Red and the Black: A Chronicle of the 19th Century tells the story of Julien Sorel's life in France's rigid social structure restored after the disruptions of the French Revolution and the reign of Napoleon Bonaparte."
}
] |
The publication of the The Red and the Black was done in 2 parts.
| 0 | 5 |
The Red and the Black
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas."
}
] |
t4TFDgfyG01cpUx3pGMR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reviews and impact",
"text": "Its characters pulse with recognisable life; its places are palpable."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Parts of the book differ from the real events, including important details."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Cold Blood is a non-fiction novel by American author Truman Capote, first published in 1966; it details the 1959 murders of four members of the Herbert Clutter family in the small farming community of Holcomb, Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "Richard Rohlader took the photo showing that two culprits were involved, and West suggests that Rohlader was the one deserving the greatest praise."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "Yet critics have questioned its veracity, arguing that Capote changed facts to suit the story, added scenes that never took place, and manufactured dialogue."
},
{
"section_header": "Coverage and public discussion",
"text": "Inspired by that article, Truman Capote wrote, in 1965 serialized in The New Yorker, and in 1966 published as a \"non-fiction novel\", titled In Cold Blood, a true-crime book that detailed the murders and trial."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "In Cold Blood brought Capote much praise from the literary community."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "In Cold Blood was first published in book form by Random House on January 17, 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Capote's research | Veracity",
"text": "Alvin Dewey was the lead investigator portrayed in In Cold Blood, and he said that the scene in which he visits the Clutters' graves was Capote's invention."
},
{
"section_header": "Crime",
"text": "Hickock soon hatched the idea to steal the safe and start a new life in Mexico."
}
] |
In Cold Blood is a novel based on real life events that took place in 1959.
| 3 | 7 |
In Cold Blood
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Politics | Military",
"text": "Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities and economic centres are located, among them Zürich, Geneva and Basel, where multiple international organisations are domiciled (such as FIFA, the UN's second-largest Office, and the Bank for International Settlements) and where the main international airports of Switzerland are."
}
] |
t4XjV4bCtzz1qZIDKhdx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The population is about 8 million, resulting in an average population density of around 195 people per square kilometre (500/sq mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Labour market",
"text": "Slightly more than 5 million people work in Switzerland; about 25% of employees belonged to a trade union in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Immigrants from Sri Lanka, most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group among people of Asian origin (6.3%).Additionally, the figures from 2012 show that 34.7% of the permanent resident population aged 15 or over in Switzerland (around 2.33 million), had an immigrant background."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations and international institutions",
"text": "Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "The oldest known farming settlements in Switzerland, which were found at Gächlingen, have been dated to around 5300 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Switzerland and the European Union",
"text": "The land border checkpoints will remain in place only for goods movements, but should not run controls on people, though people entering the country had their passports checked until 29 March 2009 if they originated from a Schengen nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Switzerland and the European Union",
"text": "In March 2001, the Swiss people refused in a popular vote to start accession negotiations with the EU."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Switzerland and the European Union",
"text": "A further referendum will be needed to approve 300 million francs to support Romania and Bulgaria and their recent admission."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and labour law | Education and science",
"text": "Some technologies enabled the exploration of new worlds such as the pressurised balloon of Auguste Piccard and the Bathyscaphe which permitted Jacques Piccard to reach the deepest point of the world's oceans."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2018, Switzerland's population slightly exceeded 8.5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Military",
"text": "Being a landlocked country, Switzerland has no navy; however, on lakes bordering neighbouring countries, armed military patrol boats are used."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau, where the largest cities and economic centres are located, among them Zürich, Geneva and Basel, where multiple international organisations are domiciled (such as FIFA, the UN's second-largest Office, and the Bank for International Settlements) and where the main international airports of Switzerland are."
}
] |
Switzerland has no oceans and has around 8,500,000 million people.
| 0 | 0 |
Switzerland
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "and I said, 'Because an angel told me so.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Prince said he was \"born epileptic\" and had seizures when he was young."
}
] |
t4dyc9uj3FlZNhQ6D9VY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prince Rogers Nelson (June 7, 1958 – April 21, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter, musician, record producer, dancer, actor, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Prince Rogers Nelson was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on June 7, 1958, the son of jazz singer Mattie Della (née Shaw) and pianist and songwriter John Lewis Nelson."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "Prince was also honored with the American Music Award for Achievement and American Music Award of Merit at the American Music Awards of 1990 and American Music Awards of 1995 respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Prince said he was \"born epileptic\" and had seizures when he was young."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Prince was given his father's stage name, Prince Rogers, which his father used while performing with his mother in a jazz group called the Prince Rogers Trio."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "and I said, 'Because an angel told me so.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2016: Final albums",
"text": "This involved Prince's Twitter followers keeping an avid eye on second-by-second information as to the whereabouts of his shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1984: Beginnings and breakthrough",
"text": "Prince performed both these songs on January 26, 1980, on American Bandstand."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1975–1984: Beginnings and breakthrough",
"text": "In Los Angeles, Prince was forced off the stage after just three songs by audience members throwing trash at him."
}
] |
Prince Rogers Nelson was an American singer-songwriter with two parents who loved music and overcame seizures after an angel informed him that he would.
| 0 | 0 |
Prince (musician)
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos Estévez on September 3, 1965, in New York City, the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen (whose real name is Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez) and artist Janet Templeton."
}
] |
t6Ir8Uug2TdVD8TAmLyN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father had adopted the surname Sheen in honor of the Catholic archbishop and theologian Fulton J. Sheen, while Charlie was an English form of his given name Carlos."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Sheen was born Carlos Estévez on September 3, 1965, in New York City, the youngest son of actor Martin Sheen (whose real name is Ramón Gerardo Antonio Estévez) and artist Janet Templeton."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": ", he was credited under his birth name Carlos Estévez."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Deciding to become an actor, he took the stage name Charlie Sheen."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Family and relationships",
"text": "Then, in February 2014, Sheen became engaged to former adult film star Brett Rossi, who began going by her real name, Scottine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carlos Irwin Estévez (born September 3, 1965), known professionally as Charlie Sheen, is an American actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "The trailer and opening credits for the film used an \"and introducing...\" tag when showing Sheen's birth name."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | The Charlie Sheen effect",
"text": "Sheen's HIV-positive disclosure corresponded with the greatest number of HIV-related Google searches ever recorded in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism | The Charlie Sheen effect",
"text": "later study found Sheen's disclosure corresponded with a 95% increase in over-the-counter at-home HIV testing kits."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Film",
"text": "It was a one-time move, due to the film's Hispanic theme; it was Sheen's idea to use his birth name for the film."
}
] |
Charlie Sheen's real name is Carlos Sheen
| 2 | 4 |
Charlie Sheen
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, most especially his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle."
}
] |
t6bfBEzrHdzSMWp170v6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Waugh's statements about the novel",
"text": "In various letters, Waugh himself refers to the novel a number of times as his magnum opus; however, in 1950 he wrote to Graham Greene stating \"I re-read Brideshead Revisited and was appalled.\" In Waugh's preface to his revised edition of Brideshead (1959) the author explained the circumstances in which the novel was written, following a minor parachute accident in the six months between December 1943 and June 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brideshead Revisited, The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Related works",
"text": "There are many similarities between the story told by Evelyn Waugh in 1945, “Brideshead Revisited”, and an earlier work, “A Fellow of Trinity,” 1891, by Alan St. Aubyn = (Mrs Frances Marshall)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2008 Brideshead Revisited was developed into a feature film of the same title, with Emma Thompson as Lady Marchmain, Matthew Goode as Charles Ryder, and Ben Whishaw as Lord Sebastian Flyte."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1981 Brideshead Revisited was adapted as an 11-episode TV serial, produced by Granada Television and aired on ITV, starring Jeremy Irons as Charles Ryder and Anthony Andrews as Lord Sebastian Flyte."
},
{
"section_header": "Motifs | Charles and Sebastian's relationship",
"text": "The question of whether the relationship between Charles and Sebastian is homosexual or platonic has been debated, particularly in an extended exchange between David Bittner and John Osborne in the Evelyn Waugh Newsletter and Studies from 1987 to 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Et In Arcadia Ego",
"text": "The conversations there between Charles and Edward provide some of the best-known comic scenes in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other media",
"text": "The series was a spoof, and made fun of the 'Englishness' of Brideshead and many amusing parallels could be drawn between the upper class characters from Brideshead and their opposite numbers from rural Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Prologue",
"text": "Charles Ryder and his battalion are sent to a country estate called Brideshead, which prompts his recollections which form the rest of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "References in other media",
"text": "An excerpt was published in the Sunday Times 9 August 2009 under the headline \"Sex Scandal Behind 'Brideshead Revisited'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows, from the 1920s to the early 1940s, the life and romances of the protagonist Charles Ryder, most especially his friendship with the Flytes, a family of wealthy English Catholics who live in a palatial mansion called Brideshead Castle."
}
] |
Brideshead Revisited was authored by Charles Ryder between 1921 and 1935.
| 1 | 5 |
Brideshead Revisited
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Media portrayals",
"text": "Seinfeld : Robert Schumann is mentioned in a 1991 episode of Seinfeld \"The Jacket\"."
}
] |
t6iy5ZBVX75JbTLVOO1Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara and Robert also maintained a close relationship with German composer Johannes Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "List of compositions by Robert Schumann"
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "Category :Compositions by Robert Schumann"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1840–49",
"text": "Robert often waited for hours in a cafe in a nearby city just to see Clara for a few minutes after one of her concerts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He composed four symphonies, one opera, and other orchestral, choral, and chamber works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Papillons",
"text": "Raro may represent either the composer himself, Wieck's daughter Clara, or the combination of the two (Clara + Robert)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1840–49",
"text": "beiden Grenadiere, Op. 49, both to Heine's words, show Schumann at his best as a ballad writer, although the dramatic ballad is less congenial to him than the introspective lyric."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Composer Sir Edward Elgar called Schumann \"my ideal.\" Schumann has often been confused with Austrian composer Franz Schubert; one well-known example occurred in 1956, when East Germany issued a pair of postage stamps featuring Schumann's picture against an open score that featured Schubert's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Media portrayals",
"text": "Seinfeld : Robert Schumann is mentioned in a 1991 episode of Seinfeld \"The Jacket\"."
}
] |
Robert Schumann was a composer and referenced on television shows.
| 1 | 4 |
Robert Schumann
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "No. In Foucault's Pendulum I wrote the grotesque representation of these kind of people."
}
] |
t6y78IGqdODgdaFN1Y7a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Although the main plot does detail a conspiratorial \"Plan\", the book focuses on the development of the characters, and their slow transition from skeptical editors, mocking the Manutius manuscripts to credulous Diabolicals themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Most books written in this fiction genre seem to focus on the mysterious, and aim to provide their own version of the conspiracy theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Belbo's writings are a recurrent theme throughout the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "In this way the conspiracy theory provided is a plot device, rather than an earnest proposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "George Johnson wrote on the similarity of the two books that \"both works were written tongue in cheek, with a high sense of irony.\" Both books are divided into ten segments represented by the ten Sefiroth."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The interludes from his childhood serve as stark contrast to the mythical world of cults and conspiracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The entire book is narrated in first person by Casaubon, with brief interludes from the files on Abulafia."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "It is unclear by this point how reliable a narrator Casaubon has been, and to what extent he has been inventing, or deceived by, conspiracy theories."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "In fact, the novel may be viewed as a critique, spoof, or deconstruction of the grand overarching conspiracies often found in postmodern literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "Eco was indebted to Danilo Kiš's story \"The Book of Kings and Fools\" in The Encyclopedia of the Dead (1983) for the portrayal of Sergei Nilus."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison with other writings",
"text": "No. In Foucault's Pendulum I wrote the grotesque representation of these kind of people."
}
] |
This book is, by author's admission, made to mock conspiracy theorists.
| 3 | 6 |
Foucault's Pendulum
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He was pronounced dead upon his arrival at Midtown Hospital."
}
] |
t7EgtIOZ5J85HhsNMy3A
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "In 1948, at the age of 53, one week and four days before his 54th birthday, Pennock collapsed in the lobby of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel as a result of a cerebral hemorrhage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pennock died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1948; he was posthumously inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame later that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herb was the youngest of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Pennock was honored with \"Herb Pennock Day\" on April 30, 1944, in Kennett Square."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Accusations of Pennock's alleged racism have come into question upon the 2016 release of the book Herb Pennock: Baseball's Faultless Pitcher written by Keith Craig."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "In the 1914 season, Pennock posted an 11–4 win–loss record with a 2.79 earned run average (ERA) in 151⅔ innings pitched for the Athletics, and pitched three scoreless innings in the 1914 World Series, which the Athletics lost to the Boston Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock pitched four innings of relief against the Chicago Cubs in the 1932 World Series, recording two saves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock's 277 innings pitched and 1.220 walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) ratio led the AL in the 1925 season, while his 2.96 ERA was second-best, behind Stan Coveleski."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "Pennock made his major league debut with the Athletics during their 1912 season on May 14, allowing one hit in four innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock pitched a complete game against the Pirates in game three of the 1927 World Series, not allowing a hit until the eighth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He was pronounced dead upon his arrival at Midtown Hospital."
}
] |
Herb Pennock died of a cerebral hemorrhage in a lobby of a hotel.
| 0 | 2 |
Herb Pennock
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected."
}
] |
t7suf0XcuLyyxmFfXX7F
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit was placed on 43 critics' top ten lists, third to only The Thin Blue Line and Bull Durham in 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit received near-universal acclaim from critics, making Business Insider's \"best comedy movies of all time, according to critics\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Who Framed Roger Rabbit is a 1988 American live-action animated comedy-mystery film directed by Robert Zemeckis, produced by Frank Marshall and Robert Watts, and written by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "The proposed film is set to a prequel, taking place five years before Who Framed Roger Rabbit and part of the story is about how Roger met Jessica."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "R.K. Maroon, head of Maroon Cartoons, is anxious about the recent poor performances of one of his biggest stars, Roger Rabbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The work of American composer Carl Stalling heavily influenced Silvestri's work on Who Framed Roger Rabbit."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "At the time of release, it was the 20th-highest-grossing film of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Amblin Entertainment, which consisted of Steven Spielberg, Frank Marshall and Kathleen Kennedy, were approached to produce Who Framed Roger Rabbit alongside Disney."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Proposed sequel",
"text": "Test footage for Who Discovered Roger Rabbit was shot sometime in 1998 at the Disney animation unit in Lake Buena Vista, Florida; the results were a mix of CGI, traditional animation, and live-action that did not please Disney."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Intrada Records released a 3-CD set with complete score, alternates, remastered version of original 1988 album plus music from 3 Roger Rabbit short films, composed & conducted by Bruce Broughton and James Horner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While filming, the production budget began to rapidly expand and the shooting schedule ran longer than expected."
}
] |
The 1988 film Who Framed Roger Rabbit was shot on time.
| 0 | 0 |
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business."
}
] |
t80CWvD6Cd3kUqvPMciQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "In July 2011, Netflix changed its prices, charging customers for its mail rental service and streaming service separately."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "Creating an unlimited-DVDs-by-mail plan (no streaming) at our lowest price ever, $7.99, does make sense and will ensure a long life for our DVDs-by-mail offering."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "By 2016, Netflix had quietly rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced that it would split out and rebrand its DVD-by-mail service as Qwikster."
},
{
"section_header": "Competitors",
"text": "Netflix's success was followed by the establishment of numerous other DVD rental companies, both in the United States and abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "Netflix offers pricing tiers for DVD rental."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it had shelved the planned re-branding in response to customer feedback and after the stock price plummeted nearly 30%, and that the DVD-by-mail and streaming services would continue to operate through a single website under the Netflix brand."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance and revenue | 2011",
"text": "Following the customer dissatisfaction and resulting loss of subscribers after the announcements by CEO Hastings that streaming and DVD rental would be charged separately, leading to a higher price for customers who wanted both (on September 1), and that the DVD rental would be split off as the subsidiary Qwikster (on September 18), the share price fell steeply, to around $130."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals",
"text": "Titles available on DVD were not affected and can still be acquired from Netflix via their DVD-by-mail service."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix expanded its business in 2007 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business."
}
] |
Netflix has changed over the years to have both streaming and DVD rental by mail.
| 2 | 3 |
Netflix
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Design | Costume design",
"text": "Hemming personally designed Bane's coat, which she admitted took two years to complete."
}
] |
t88LDoGM29hNE2s8OtZB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Bale has stated that The Dark Knight Rises will be his final Batman film."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "In 2008, the Rooney family sold a minority stake in the team to Thomas Tull, the CEO and president of Legendary Pictures, which produced The Dark Knight Rises."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The web site's critical consensus reads, \"The Dark Knight Rises is an ambitious, thoughtful, and potent action film that concludes Christopher Nolan's franchise in spectacular fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Dark Knight. In 2014, Empire ranked The Dark Knight Rises the 72nd greatest film ever made on their list of \"The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time\" as voted by the magazine's readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises reunited Nolan with many of his past collaborators, including cinematographer Wally Pfister, production designer Nathan Crowley, editor Lee Smith, costume designer Lindy Hemming,"
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "On July 6, 2012, Warner Bros. held a special IMAX screening of The Dark Knight Rises for more than one hundred reporters and critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Many have named it one of the best films of 2012, and one of the best superhero films of all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The film's storyline has been compared with the Batman comic book series' story arc \"Knightfall\" (1993), which showcased Bane; the miniseries The Dark Knight Returns (1986), in which Batman returns to Gotham City after a ten-year absence; and the story arc \" No Man's Land\" (1999), which depicts a Gotham cut off from the rest of the world and overrun by gangs."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises featured over an hour of footage shot in IMAX (by comparison, The Dark Knight contained 28 minutes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Design | Costume design",
"text": "We made parts of his vest, for example, from fragments of an old military tent."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Design | Costume design",
"text": "Hemming personally designed Bane's coat, which she admitted took two years to complete."
}
] |
The Dark Knight Rises production team recycled old Batman franchise costumes to cut down on the time and cost pf creating the characters' wardrobes.
| 1 | 4 |
The Dark Knight Rises
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "The Tammany Society, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was founded in New York on May 12, 1789, originally as a branch of a wider network of Tammany Societies, the first having been formed in Philadelphia in 1772."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It typically controlled Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan after the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854, and used its patronage resources to build a loyal, well-rewarded core of district and precinct leaders; after 1850 the great majority were Irish Catholics."
}
] |
t8PqQJR9xZO80id0EXwX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "At the same time, Clinton attempted to cooperate with Tammany Hall in order to create a state dominated by Democratic-Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "The Tammany Society, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was founded in New York on May 12, 1789, originally as a branch of a wider network of Tammany Societies, the first having been formed in Philadelphia in 1772."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "In December 1805, Dewitt Clinton reached out to supporters of Burr in order to gain enough support to resist the influence of the powerful Livingston family."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The 2007 area control board game \"Tammany Hall\" is based on Tammany Hall politics, with players vying for support from different immigrant populations in order to achieve dominance in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "The Democratic-Republican Committee, a new committee which consisted of the most influential local Democratic Republicans, would now name the new Sachems as well."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "With this, most republicans in New York City turned away from Clinton."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "However, local Democratic-Republicans began to turn against Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "Eventually Tammany emerged as the center of Democratic-Republican Party politics in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Indian Summer, 1950s",
"text": "New Yorkers now saw DeSapio as an old-time Tammany Hall boss, and Hogan would lose the Senate election to Republican Kenneth Keating; Republican Nelson Rockefeller would also be elected Governor the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It typically controlled Democratic Party nominations and political patronage in Manhattan after the mayoral victory of Fernando Wood in 1854, and used its patronage resources to build a loyal, well-rewarded core of district and precinct leaders; after 1850 the great majority were Irish Catholics."
}
] |
The Columbian Order aligned with republicans.
| 0 | 0 |
Tammany Hall
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments",
"text": "Harding preferred a low-key inauguration, without the customary parade, leaving only the swearing-in ceremony and a brief reception at the White House."
}
] |
t8TNs95yXNajWP6dLFh4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical view",
"text": "accounts of Harding's life quickly followed his death, such as Joe Mitchell Chapple's Life and Times of Warren G. Harding, Our After-War President (1924)."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments",
"text": "After Charles G. Dawes declined the Treasury position, Harding asked Pittsburgh banker Andrew W. Mellon, one of the richest people in the country; he agreed."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments",
"text": "In his inaugural address he declared, \"Our most dangerous tendency is to expect too much from the government and at the same time do too little for it.\"After"
},
{
"section_header": "Death and funeral",
"text": "Florence Harding immediately called the doctors into the room, but they were unable to revive the President with stimulants; Warren G. Harding was pronounced dead a few minutes later at the age of 57."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments",
"text": "Harding preferred a low-key inauguration, without the customary parade, leaving only the swearing-in ceremony and a brief reception at the White House."
},
{
"section_header": "Extramarital affairs",
"text": "Harding's biographers, writing while Britton's allegations remained uncertain, differed on their truth; Russell believed them unquestioningly while Dean, having reviewed Britton's papers at UCLA, regarded them as unproven."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Inauguration and appointments",
"text": "The two Harding cabinet appointees who darkened the reputation of his administration for their involvement in scandal were Harding's Senate friend, Albert B. Fall of New Mexico, the Interior Secretary, and Daugherty, who became Attorney General."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Political setbacks and western tour",
"text": "When asked why, Willis responded, \"Warren seemed so tired."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical view",
"text": "Adams continued to shape the negative view of Harding with several nonfiction works in the 1930s, culminating with The Incredible Era—The Life and Times of Warren G. Harding (1939) in which he called his subject \"an amiable, well-meaning third-rate Mr. Babbitt, with the equipment of a small-town semi-educated journalist ... It could not work."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Childhood and education",
"text": "Warren Harding was born on November 2, 1865, in Blooming Grove, Ohio."
}
] |
Warren G. Harding's inauguration did not have a lot of pomp and circumstance.
| 0 | 0 |
Warren G. Harding
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism",
"text": "In 2006, she was one of eight women selected to carry in the Olympic flag at the Opening Ceremony of the 2006 Olympic Winter Games, in Turin, Italy."
}
] |
t8bbweAIhEmLDlMwMPAO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Susan Abigail Sarandon (née Tomalin; born October 4, 1946) is an American actress and activist."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism",
"text": "In 2006, she was one of eight women selected to carry in the Olympic flag at the Opening Ceremony of the 2006 Olympic Winter Games, in Turin, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "While in college, Susan Tomalin met fellow student Chris Sarandon, a Greek-American, and the couple married on September 16, 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Their journey was documented by the BBC Wales programme, Coming Home: Susan Sarandon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has also won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for The Client, and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Actress for Dead Man Walking."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Much of the same research and content was featured in the American version of Who"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In the mid-1980s, Sarandon dated Italian filmmaker Franco Amurri, with whom she had a daughter, Eva Amurri (born March 15, 1985) who is also an actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1999 and 2000, she hosted and presented Mythos, a series of lectures by the late American mythology professor Joseph Campbell."
},
{
"section_header": "Political views and activism | Anti-war activism",
"text": "Prior to a 2003 protest sponsored by the United for Peace and Justice coalition, she said that many Americans \"do not want to risk their children or the children of Iraq\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for Atlantic City (1980), Thelma & Louise (1991), Lorenzo's Oil (1992), and The Client (1994), before winning for Dead Man Walking (1995)."
}
] |
American actress Susan Abigail Sarandon carried the Olympic flag.
| 0 | 0 |
Susan Sarandon
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
}
] |
t8hAJPV7WZL0KaHXryMp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "She returned to London in 1865 and made regular appearances there in later years, often performing chamber music with the violinist Joseph Joachim and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final illness and death",
"text": "From mid-career on, she mainly performed music by leading composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara and Robert also maintained a close relationship with German composer Johannes Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Later, he composed piano and orchestral works, and many Lieder (songs for voice and piano)."
},
{
"section_header": "Media portrayals",
"text": "Song of Love (1947) is an MGM film starring Paul Henreid as Schumann, Katharine Hepburn as Clara Wieck, Robert Walker as Johannes Brahms, and Henry Daniell as Franz Liszt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Schumann (German: [ˈʃuːman]; 8 June 1810 – 29 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic."
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "List of compositions by Robert Schumann"
},
{
"section_header": "Compositions",
"text": "Category :Compositions by Robert Schumann"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | After 1850",
"text": "In 1850, Schumann succeeded Ferdinand Hiller as musical director at Düsseldorf, but he was a poor conductor and quickly aroused the opposition of the musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1830–34 | Papillons",
"text": "Raro may represent either the composer himself, Wieck's daughter Clara, or the combination of the two (Clara + Robert)."
}
] |
Robert Schumann not only composed and performed as a musician, but also complained about other people's songs professionally.
| 0 | 0 |
Robert Schumann
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "\" The following day, he was committed to the UCLA Medical Center with hallucinations and paranoia."
}
] |
t8kG4kuy9YDIifxycejo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "In a 2019 interview with David Letterman, West stated he has bipolar disorder."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "\" The following day, he was committed to the UCLA Medical Center with hallucinations and paranoia."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews, ranging from reserved observations by Style.com to excoriating commentary in The Wall Street Journal, The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, The Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar and many others."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting and filmmaking",
"text": "West provided the voice for \"Kenny West\", a rapper, in the animated sitcom"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships and family",
"text": "They have four children: North \"Nori\" West (born June 2013), Saint West (born December 2015), Chicago West (born January 2018 of a surrogate pregnancy), and Psalm West (born May 2019 of a surrogate pregnancy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Award shows",
"text": "West was criticized by various celebrities for the outburst, and by President Barack Obama, who called West a \"jackass\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "In May 2018, West said in an interview with"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "Boy have cited West as an influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Fashion",
"text": "On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West at Paris Fashion Week."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Business ventures",
"text": "On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West."
}
] |
West is bipolar because he has daily hallucinations.
| 5 | 10 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Playing career",
"text": "Williams was born on May 7, 1929, in St. Louis, Missouri, and lived there until age 13, when his family moved to Pasadena, California."
}
] |
t8oyHUIqAxK8YptBzTZw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Dick Williams died of a ruptured aortic aneurysm at a hospital near his home in Henderson, Nevada on July 7, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | An \"Impossible Dream\" in Boston",
"text": "In Yastrzemski's words, \"Dick Williams didn't take anything when he took over the club last spring...to the best of my knowledge—and I would know if it had happened—no one challenged Williams all season."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Before Dick Williams became a Major League manager in 1967, he successfully appeared on the television quiz shows The Match Game and the original Hollywood Squares."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "Overall, Williams' Anaheim tenure turned out to be a miserable one."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "But when the Angels struggled under manager Bobby Winkles, team owner Gene Autry received Finley's permission to negotiate with Williams, and in mid-season Williams was back in a big-league dugout."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "Seemingly at the peak of his career, Williams began the 1974 season out of work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "The Angels were 18 games below .500 (and in the midst of a player revolt) in 1976 when Williams was fired July 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "He did not have nearly as much talent as he'd had to work with in Boston and Oakland, and the Angels did not respond to Williams' somewhat authoritarian managing style."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "Williams responded by having his team actually do so before the game with the Red Sox until hotel security put a stop to it.."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Managerial career | From Southern California to Montreal and back | California Angels",
"text": "The change in management, though, did not alter the fortunes of the Angels, as they finished in last place, 22 games behind the A's, who would win their third straight World Championship under Williams' replacement, Alvin Dark."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Playing career",
"text": "Williams was born on May 7, 1929, in St. Louis, Missouri, and lived there until age 13, when his family moved to Pasadena, California."
}
] |
Dick Williams is from California.
| 0 | 0 |
Dick Williams
|
Technology
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This was successfully challenged by a campaign called #notinourname which was launched by Social Enterprise UK, resulting in Salesforce.com withdrawing their trademark application and agreeing not to use the term in their future marketing."
}
] |
t9RfkYNNWXBqTnfMarIR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | RAICES donation refusal",
"text": "CBP is a customer & follows our TOS."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2012, Salesforce applied to trademark to the term \"social enterprise\" in the United States, the European Union and Jamaica where the term was in widespread use to describe businesses with a primarily social purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | IT infrastructure",
"text": "In 2016, Salesforce announced that it will use Amazon Web Services hosting for countries with restrictive data residency requirements and where no Salesforce data centers are operating."
},
{
"section_header": "Technologies | Lightning",
"text": "This framework allows customers to build their own components to either use in their internal instances or sell on the AppExchange."
},
{
"section_header": "Operations | IT infrastructure",
"text": "The company uses the Momentum platform from Message Systems to allow its customers to send large amounts of email."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Lightning Platform",
"text": "This has been described as an alternative to, not necessarily a replacement for, Visualforce pages."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This was successfully challenged by a campaign called #notinourname which was launched by Social Enterprise UK, resulting in Salesforce.com withdrawing their trademark application and agreeing not to use the term in their future marketing."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | RAICES donation refusal",
"text": "I'm Proud of the Men & Women who protect & serve our country every day"
},
{
"section_header": "Salesforce Venture Capital",
"text": "In 2009, in response to the financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the resulting decline in venture funding, Salesforce began investing in digital companies that used or integrated Salesforce platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Active | Lightning Platform",
"text": "Lightning Platform (also known as Force.com) is a platform as a service (PaaS) that allows developers to create add-on applications that integrate into the main Salesforce.com application."
}
] |
Salesforce is not allowed to use the term "social enterprise" to describe their services in some countries.
| 2 | 5 |
Salesforce.com
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in Greek myths, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus, Heracles and others."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "Tourism in the area is based mainly in Thebes and the surrounding villages, where many places of interest related to antiquity exist such as the battlefield where the Battle of Plataea took place."
}
] |
t9SiaFwtPl38DYm62uN1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "Today, Thebes is a bustling market town, known for its many products and wares."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "Tourism in the area is based mainly in Thebes and the surrounding villages, where many places of interest related to antiquity exist such as the battlefield where the Battle of Plataea took place."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mythic record",
"text": "The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends that rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence that they exerted on the literature of the classical age."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The municipality of Thebes covers an area of 830.112 square kilometres (320.508 square miles), the municipal unit of Thebes 321.015 square kilometres (123.945 square miles) and the community 143.889 square kilometres (55.556 square miles)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic and Roman periods | Restoration by Cassander",
"text": "In addition to currying favor with the Athenians and many of the Peloponnesian states, Cassander's restoration of Thebes provided him with loyal allies in the Theban exiles who returned to resettle the site."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thebes (; Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic and Roman periods",
"text": "Thebes was also revered as the most ancient of Greek cities, with a history of over 1,000 years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and classical periods",
"text": "They carried their arms into Peloponnesus and at the head of a large coalition, permanently crippled the power of Sparta, in part by freeing many helot slaves, the basis of the Spartan economy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "In the modern Greek State, Thebes was the capital of the prefecture of Boeotia until the late 19th century, when Livadeia became the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "-i, understood to be read as *Tʰēgʷai̮s (Ancient Greek: Θήβαις, Thēbais, i.e. \"at Thebes\", Thebes in the dative-locative case), 𐀳𐀣𐀆, te-qa-de, for *"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in Greek myths, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus, Heracles and others."
}
] |
Thebes was the location of many of the Greek legends and is still a busy area today.
| 0 | 0 |
Thebes, Greece
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pirates, Cubs, and Dodgers",
"text": "After only 26 games and a .264 batting average on a Casey Stengel-led team known as the Daffy Dodgers for their often inept play (Stengel was fired at season's end), the onetime Boy Wonder turned Silver Fox at the age of 30 for his prematurely graying hair abruptly retired from baseball following a collision with infielder Jimmy Jordan while going for a routine pop fly."
}
] |
t9Sm925QJg1Oc2Rwn2R0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Charles Lindstrom (November 21, 1905 – October 4, 1981) was a National League baseball player with the New York Giants, Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1924 until 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Pirates, Cubs, and Dodgers",
"text": "After only 26 games and a .264 batting average on a Casey Stengel-led team known as the Daffy Dodgers for their often inept play (Stengel was fired at season's end), the onetime Boy Wonder turned Silver Fox at the age of 30 for his prematurely graying hair abruptly retired from baseball following a collision with infielder Jimmy Jordan while going for a routine pop fly."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Those hands of his (Lindstrom's) are the talk of the baseball world."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "\" But a bad-hop bouncer over his head in the 12th inning of the seventh game gave the series to the Senators and became an enduring moment in baseball lore. \" So they won it,\" Lindstrom later recalled. \" (Giants pitcher) Jack Bentley, who was something of a philosopher, I think summed it up after the game."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants",
"text": "\" Instead, for reasons that some traced to Lindstrom's leadership role in a player revolt against their often dictatorial manager (a charge he consistently denied, although admitting that he often spoke out against the feisty skipper nicknamed Little Napoleon), club owner Horace Stoneham chose first baseman Bill Terry to replace McGraw."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lindstrom's high mark was 21 errors in both 1928 and 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He came to the Pirates as \"a strong defensive player and even better right-handed line drive hitter.\" (Dave Finoli and Bill Rainer: The Pittsburgh Pirates Encyclopedia, 1933.) Lindstrom was included in the balloting for the National Baseball Hall of Fame starting in 1949, but he never received more than 4.4% of the vote from the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pirates, Cubs, and Dodgers",
"text": "At season's end, despite fielding .990 and again outhitting Lloyd Waner while playing in 43 fewer games, Lindstrom was traded to the Chicago Cubs where he quickly became what Cubs manager Charley Grimm later called \"a vital asset\" in the team's 1935 league championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Lindstrom hit peaks of third basing never before attained during the final month of last season,\" added Ken Smith in the New York Evening Graphic. \" An outstanding individual of the game, another Hornsby, Wagner, Cobb, or Speaker, this kid, ace fielder, hitter, thinker and runner.\" Joe Foley, in This Sporting Life, echoed a common theme among baseball writers during that stretch of Lindstrom's career when he named his perfect team: \"Sisler on first, Lajoie at second, Wagner at short, Lindstrom at third, Ruth, Speaker and Cobb in the outfield, Kling catching and Brown, Walsh, Bender and Mathewson taking turns pitching.\" In 1931, injuries - including a chronic bad back and broken leg - brought about his switch to the outfield where for several years he remained an above-average but no longer All Star player."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "\" Lindstrom's four hits in Game 5 of the 1924 World Series stood as the rookie record until matched by San Francisco's Buster Posey in the 2010 series."
}
] |
Baseball player Frederick Charles Lindstrom's hair became grey at 30.
| 0 | 0 |
Freddie Lindstrom
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
}
] |
t9ZRl7LtFNRyaaJrrHjs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2017, \"Return to Spoon River,\" a musical adapted from the anthology by Martin Tackel, premiered at the Lion Theatre at Theatre Row in New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Many of the characters who make appearances in Spoon River Anthology were based on real people that Masters knew or heard of in the two towns in which he grew up, Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spoon River Anthology (1915), by Edgar Lee Masters, is a collection of short free verse poems that collectively narrates the epitaphs of the residents of Spoon River, a fictional small town named after the real Spoon River that ran near Masters' home town of Lewistown, Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Songwriter Michael Peter Smith's song \"Spoon River\" is loosely based on Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception and legacy",
"text": "\"Masters capitalized on the success of The Spoon River Anthology with a 1924 sequel, The New Spoon River, in which Spoon River became a suburb of Chicago and its inhabitants have been urbanized."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2011 \"Spoon River Anthology\" was adapted by Tom Andolora into a theatre production with music, called The Spoon River Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 2015 \"Spoon River Anthology\" was adapted by Maureen Lucy O'Connell into a play with music called \"Spoon River: the Cemetery on the Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Percy Grainger wrote a piano-centric work inspired by Spoon River Anthology and based on a preexisting fiddle tune called \"Spoon River\" which has since been adapted for bands."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "non all'amore né al cielo, a concept album inspired by Spoon River Anthology."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Masters in particular credited Reedy with introducing him to the Greek Anthology, a collection of classical period epigrams, to which Spoon River Anthology is stylistically similar."
}
] |
The Spoon River Anthology is about an existing city in Illinois.
| 3 | 5 |
Spoon River Anthology
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield and are considered part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement."
}
] |
t9gfDZbcIhMyG01n78ai
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Recent events and self-titled album (2010–present)",
"text": "Def Leppard embarked on a two-month US tour in the summer of 2011 with Heart, as well as another seven shows in Australia in October with The Choirboys and Heart, two shows in Japan in November, and six shows in the United Kingdom in December with Steel Panther and Mötley Crüe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "Taylor Swift said of the performance, \"Performing with Def Leppard was awesome!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent events and self-titled album (2010–present)",
"text": "He continued performing with Def Leppard, and no shows were cancelled or rescheduled."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Def Leppard were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2007",
"text": "On 23 May 2006, Def Leppard released an all-covers album titled"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "Whitesnake continued to support Def Leppard for their Indian and Japanese dates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "In October 2008, Def Leppard played with country star Taylor Swift in a taped show in Nashville, Tennessee, in a show called CMT Crossroads: Taylor Swift and Def Leppard."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Adrenalize, Clark's death, and change in musical direction (1990–1999)",
"text": "In 1995, Def Leppard issued their first greatest hits collection, Vault: Def Leppard Greatest Hits (1980–1995), which reached number 3 in the UK, and sold over 5 million copies in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2007",
"text": "Def Leppard began their Downstage Thrust Tour, on 27 June, which took them across the US and into Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Songs from the Sparkle Lounge (2008–2009)",
"text": "On 11 June, Def Leppard announced further dates for their 2008 World Tour."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Def Leppard are an English rock band formed in 1977 in Sheffield and are considered part of the new wave of British heavy metal movement."
}
] |
Def Leppard is from the United States.
| 0 | 4 |
Def Leppard
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attended Harvard Law School, graduating at the age of 20 with what is widely rumored to be the highest grade average in the law school's history."
}
] |
t9lNlRIM4Hg1LUSThC9W
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "Louis D. Brandeis High School, in San Antonio, Texas, where the Northside Independent School District names all of its comprehensive high schools for Supreme Court Justices Louis D. Brandeis Law Society, in Philadelphia, a \"Jewish law society ... dedicated to advancing and enriching the personal and professional interests of [its] members of the Bench and Bar.\" Louis D. Brandeis AZA #932, a B'nai B'rith Youth Organization Chapter in Dallas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Law school",
"text": "Returning to the U.S. in 1875, Brandeis entered Harvard Law School at the age of 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Law school",
"text": "The school doctors suggested he give up school entirely."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "The Brandeis School of San Francisco, a K–8 independent coeducational Jewish day school in San Francisco, California (formerly one of two campuses of Brandeis Hillel Day School)."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "The University of Louisville's Louis D. Brandeis School of Law."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "Brandeis Marin, an independent Jewish school in San Rafael, California (formerly one of two campus of Brandeis Hillel Day School)."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "The New York City Public Schools Louis D. Brandeis High School, named for the justice and dissolved in 2009, though the building, which houses several smaller educational units, is still called the Brandeis Building."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Law school",
"text": "Brandeis easily adapted to the new methods, soon became active in class discussions, and joined the Pow-Wow club, similar to today's moot courts in law school, which gave him experience in the role of a judge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Law school",
"text": "Despite the fact that he entered the school without any financial help from his family, he became \"an extraordinary student\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Namesake institutions",
"text": "Several awards given at the school are named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He attended Harvard Law School, graduating at the age of 20 with what is widely rumored to be the highest grade average in the law school's history."
}
] |
Louis Brandeis was a lawyer who attended Princeton Law school and has a school named after him in San Antonio, Texas.
| 3 | 6 |
Louis Brandeis
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Peronist years",
"text": "The economy, however, began to decline in 1950 because of over-expenditure."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Peronist years",
"text": "He nationalized strategic industries and services, improved wages and working conditions, paid the full external debt and achieved nearly full employment."
}
] |
tA8Nu7r2K9WeWH87Vlh0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rise of the modern nation",
"text": "The minister of welfare, Juan Domingo Perón, was fired and jailed because of his high popularity among workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the death of President Juan Perón in 1974, his widow, Isabel Martínez de Perón, ascended to the presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Domingo Liotta designed and developed the first artificial heart that was successfully implanted in a human being in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Argentina's nuclear programme has been highly successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "Juan Maldacena, an Argentine-American scientist, is a leading figure in string theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "General José Gervasio Artigas and Provincial Route 2 Juan Manuel Fangio, among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Industry",
"text": "Córdoba is Argentina's major industrial centre, hosting metalworking, motor vehicle and auto parts manufactures."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Peronist years",
"text": "Arturo Illia was elected in 1963 and led to an overall increase in prosperity; however his attempts to legalize Peronism resulted in his overthrow in 1966 by the Juan Carlos Onganía-led coup d'état called the Argentine Revolution, creating a new military government that sought to rule indefinitely."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Theatre",
"text": "The genre suffered during the regime of Juan Manuel de Rosas, though it flourished alongside the economy later in the century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Peronist years",
"text": "The economy, however, began to decline in 1950 because of over-expenditure."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Peronist years",
"text": "He nationalized strategic industries and services, improved wages and working conditions, paid the full external debt and achieved nearly full employment."
}
] |
When Juan Domingo Perón ruled, Argentina's economy expanded.
| 0 | 0 |
Argentina
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Analogues in non-vertebrate organisms",
"text": "Organisms including bacteria, protozoans, and fungi all have hemoglobin-like proteins whose known and predicted roles include the reversible binding of gaseous ligands."
}
] |
tAh5eXywbU2FjOF3Gh6o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analogues in non-vertebrate organisms",
"text": "These hemoglobins are remarkable for being able to carry oxygen in the presence of sulfide, and even to carry sulfide, without being completely \"poisoned\" or inhibited by it as hemoglobins in most other species are."
},
{
"section_header": "Analogues in non-vertebrate organisms",
"text": "In particular, chimeric hemoglobins found in fungi and giant annelids may contain both globin and other types of proteins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A1c. Hemoglobin and hemoglobin-like molecules are also found in many invertebrates, fungi, and plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Other oxygen-binding proteins",
"text": "Hemerythrin Some marine invertebrates and a few species of annelid use this iron-containing non-heme protein to carry oxygen in their blood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The molecule also carries the important regulatory molecule nitric oxide bound to a globin protein thiol group, releasing it at the same time as oxygen."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in disease",
"text": "The binding of glucose to amino acids in the hemoglobin takes place spontaneously (without the help of an enzyme) in many proteins, and is not known to serve a useful purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "Other oxygen-binding proteins",
"text": "Hemocyanin The second most common oxygen-transporting protein found in nature"
},
{
"section_header": "Structure of heme",
"text": "Such a name is given because this arrangement is the same folding motif used in other heme/globin proteins such as myoglobin."
},
{
"section_header": "Analogues in non-vertebrate organisms",
"text": "Organisms including bacteria, protozoans, and fungi all have hemoglobin-like proteins whose known and predicted roles include the reversible binding of gaseous ligands."
},
{
"section_header": "Genetics",
"text": "After examining wild mice captured from both highlands and lowlands, it was found that: the genes of the two breeds are \"virtually identical—except for those that govern the oxygen-carrying capacity of their hemoglobin\"."
}
] |
The protein hemoglobin that carries oxygen in mammals can be found in fungi used for the same purpose.
| 0 | 3 |
Hemoglobin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The first television adaptation was in 1952, when BBC Television Service broadcast Act 1 of the play live from the Bristol Old Vic."
}
] |
tB383Q3jNg6AZrZ7azKi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "It has been argued that Two Gentlemen may have been Shakespeare's first work for the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Gentlemen of Verona is a comedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1589 and 1593."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two Gentlemen is often regarded as one of Shakespeare's weakest plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Date",
"text": "The exact date of composition of The Two Gentlemen of Verona is unknown, but it is generally believed to have been one of Shakespeare's earliest works."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and analysis | Themes",
"text": "Writing in 1905, Chambers stated that Two Gentlemen was Shakespeare's first essay at originality, at fashioning for himself the outlines of that romantic or tragicomic formula in which so many of his most characteristic dramas were afterwards to be cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In 1964, the play was made into a TV movie in West Germany, again using the title Zwei herren aus Verona."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In 2000, episode three of season four of Dawson's Creek, \"Two Gentlemen of Capeside\" loosely adapted the plot of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 2007, producer Roger Elsgood and director Willi Richards adapted the play into a radio drama called The Two Gentlemen of Valasna."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In 1969, the entire play was broadcast on Austrian TV channel ORF eins from a performance at the Theater in der Josefstadt, under the title Zwei aus Verona."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text | Text",
"text": "The play was not printed until 1623, when it appeared in the First Folio of Shakespeare's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The first television adaptation was in 1952, when BBC Television Service broadcast Act 1 of the play live from the Bristol Old Vic."
}
] |
PBS was the first tv network to air an adapted version of William Shakespeare's play The Two Gentlemen of Verona in the mid 1960s.
| 0 | 0 |
The Two Gentlemen of Verona
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008) was an Australian actor, photographer and music video director."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ledger also received numerous posthumous accolades for his performance in The Dark Knight, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards, the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor."
}
] |
tBIjrzukydRtf5uUrX7T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "I'm Not There, directed by Todd Haynes, Ledger \"won praise for his portrayal of 'Robbie [Clark],' a moody, counter-culture actor who represents the romanticist side of Dylan, but says accolades are never his motivation\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ledger also received numerous posthumous accolades for his performance in The Dark Knight, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, a Best Actor International Award at the 2008 Australian Film Institute Awards, the 2008 Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor, the 2009 Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture, and the 2009 BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "Released in July 2008, The Dark Knight broke several box office records and received both popular and critical accolades, especially with regard to Ledger's performance as the Joker."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "He also received a nomination for Golden Globe Best Actor in a Drama and a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actor for this performance, making him, at age 26, the ninth-youngest nominee for a Best Actor Oscar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Heath Andrew Ledger (4 April 1979 – 22 January 2008) was an Australian actor, photographer and music video director."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "\"Ledger received numerous awards for his Joker role in The Dark Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Olsen, who was in California, directed a New York City private security guard to go to the scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous films and awards",
"text": "I Am Heath Ledger, which was released on 3 May 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Controversy over will",
"text": "He added, \"They will be taken care of and that's how Heath would want it to be\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorial tributes and services",
"text": "Bon Iver's \"Perth\" was inspired by Heath Ledger."
}
] |
Heath Ledger was an actor who received many accolades after his death and he directed.
| 1 | 3 |
Heath Ledger
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "Disraeli's last confirmed words before dying at his home at 19 Curzon Street in the early morning of 19 April were \"I had rather live"
}
] |
tBLfq9bw8MMJfwMro4Fc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Second government (1874–80) | Foreign policy | Congress of Berlin",
"text": "Disraeli and Salisbury returned home to heroes' receptions at Dover and in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Parliament | Bentinck and the leadership",
"text": "Disraeli and his wife alternated between Hughenden and several homes in London for the rest of their marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Second government (1874–80)",
"text": "In addition to the viscounty bestowed on Mary Anne Disraeli; the earldom of Beaconsfield was to have been bestowed on Edmund Burke in 1797, but he had died before receiving it."
},
{
"section_header": "Second government (1874–80) | Foreign policy | Congress of Berlin",
"text": "By one account, when met with Russian intransigence, Disraeli told his secretary to order a special train to return them home to begin the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "Disraeli is buried with his wife in a vault beneath the Church of St Michael and All Angels which stands in the grounds of his home, Hughenden Manor, accessed from the churchyard."
},
{
"section_header": "Parliament | Back-bencher",
"text": "The other was Wyndham Lewis, who helped finance Disraeli's election campaign, and who died the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Office | First Derby government",
"text": "\"At the end of June 1851, Stanley's father died, and he succeeded to his title as Earl of Derby."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister; opposition leader | Opposition leader; 1874 election",
"text": "\" After she died, Gladstone, who always had a liking for Mary Anne, sent her widower a letter of condolence."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as Prime Minister; opposition leader | Opposition leader; 1874 election",
"text": "Overall, they won 350 seats to 245 for the Liberals and 57 for the Irish Home Rule League."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "After Benjamin senior died in 1816 Isaac felt free to leave the congregation following a second dispute."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months, death, and memorials",
"text": "Disraeli's last confirmed words before dying at his home at 19 Curzon Street in the early morning of 19 April were \"I had rather live"
}
] |
Disraeli died in his home.
| 2 | 6 |
Benjamin Disraeli
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Macbeth cannot be dated precisely but is usually taken as contemporaneous to the other canonical tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear)."
}
] |
tD5KzJawyNeeYQ3Rypk6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macbeth Macbeth (; full title The Tragedy of Macbeth) is a tragedy by William Shakespeare; it is thought to have been first performed in 1606."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and eighteenth century",
"text": "In 1744, David Garrick revived the play, abandoning Davenant's version and instead advertising it \"as written by Shakespeare\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Nineteenth century",
"text": "However he did pave the way for the most acclaimed performance of the nineteenth century, that of William Charles Macready."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present",
"text": "Shakespeare has often been adapted to indigenous theatre traditions, for example the Kunju Macbeth of Huang Zuolin performed at the inaugural Chinese Shakespeare Festival of 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | 20th century to present",
"text": "The play caused grave difficulties for the Royal Shakespeare Company, especially at the (then) Shakespeare Memorial Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Restoration and eighteenth century",
"text": "Sir William Davenant, founder of the Duke's Company, adapted Shakespeare's play to the tastes of the new era, and his version would dominate on stage for around eighty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "In fact, there are a great number of allusions and possible pieces of evidence alluding to the Plot, and, for this reason, a great many critics agree that Macbeth was written in the year 1606."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "\" Shakespeare begins the play by using the words \"fair\" and \"foul\" in the first speeches of the witches and Macbeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and motifs | Witchcraft and evil",
"text": "This follows the pattern of temptation used at the time of Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The real ship was at sea 567 days, the product of 7x9x9, which has been taken as a confirmation of the allusion, which if correct, confirms that the witch scenes were either written or amended later than July 1606.The play is not considered to have been written any later than 1607, since, as Kermode notes, there are \"fairly clear allusions to the play in 1607."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Macbeth cannot be dated precisely but is usually taken as contemporaneous to the other canonical tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear)."
}
] |
Macbeth was written in 1599 by William Shakespeare.
| 3 | 4 |
Macbeth
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was five, and his mother subsequently took him to live with her parents in suburban Brisbane."
}
] |
tD9yxZltAawrr7DJDV3H
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rush was born in Toowoomba, Queensland, the son of Merle (Bischof), a department store sales assistant, and Roy Baden Rush, an accountant for the Royal Australian Air Force."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Defamation case",
"text": "The Telegraph's story was picked up various newspapers in Australia but not by the Melbourne Herald Sun, because of concerns that the Telegraph was \"running with a yarn which is highly libellous\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s: The Kings Speech, continued work",
"text": "The film received positive reviews from critics earning a 73% from Rotten Tomatoes with the consensus reading, \"Final Portrait finds writer-director Stanley Tucci patiently telling a quietly absorbing story, brought to life by a talented ensemble led by Geoffrey Rush and Armie Hammer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s: Film breakthrough, Oscar win",
"text": "Rush also continued his work in theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Theatre work",
"text": "Following these, Rush left for Paris where he studied further."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rush began his career with QTC in 1971, appearing in 17 productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Theatre work",
"text": "Rush made his film debut in the Australian film Hoodwink in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Rush lives in Melbourne, and spent several years in Castlemaine, Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Defamation case",
"text": "When testifying over a text sent by Rush to Norvill about him \"thinking of you more than is socially appropriate\", Rush said that he was only using mentoring talk and that a drooling emoji sent to her was the closest to one he wanted to send."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents divorced when he was five, and his mother subsequently took him to live with her parents in suburban Brisbane."
}
] |
Geoffrey Rush grew up in Lancaster, England and his dad was an Air Force.
| 0 | 3 |
Geoffrey Rush
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed Musée Napoléon, but after Napoleon's abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners."
}
] |
tDmGba8Bn0izRYboCydU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Under Loyrette, who replaced Pierre Rosenberg in 2001, the Louvre has undergone policy changes that allow it to lend and borrow more works than before."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Napoleon",
"text": "As a result, he was later installed by Napoleon as the director of Musée Napoléon, formerly the Louvre, cementing the status of the museum as a center for global patrimony and storehouse for cultural heritage."
},
{
"section_header": "Collections | Islamic art",
"text": "The collection contains three pages of the Shahnameh, an epic book of poems by Ferdowsi in Persian, and a Syrian metalwork named the Barberini Vase."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Napoleon",
"text": "After the defeat of Napoleon, the Nile was returned to Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Napoleon",
"text": "The Italian Peninsula was not the only region from which Napoleon took art."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Medieval, Renaissance, and Bourbon palace",
"text": "According to the authoritative Grand Larousse encyclopédique, the name derives from an association with wolf hunting den (via Latin: lupus, lower Empire: lupara)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Napoleon",
"text": "Under the Directory government of the 1790s, Napoleon (then a General) led an expedition to Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Napoleon",
"text": "In 1797, the Treaty of Tolentino was signed by Napoleon, and two statues, the Nile and Tiber, were taken to Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 12th–20th centuries | Napoleon",
"text": "It was seized by British Forces following the defeat of Napoleon in Egypt and the subsequent signing of the Treaty of Alexandria in 1801."
},
{
"section_header": "Collections | Decorative arts",
"text": "The works are displayed on the Richelieu Wing's first floor and in the Apollo Gallery, named by the painter Charles Le Brun, who was commissioned by Louis XIV (the Sun King) to decorate the space in a solar theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collection was increased under Napoleon and the museum was renamed Musée Napoléon, but after Napoleon's abdication, many works seized by his armies were returned to their original owners."
}
] |
Louvre changed its name to Musee Napoleon.
| 2 | 5 |
Louvre
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dunciad is a landmark mock-heroic narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743."
}
] |
tEQfc60VKBK35Vkob4u1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book III",
"text": "Then he turns to follow the light of the sun/learning to Europe and says, Goths, Alans, Huns, Ostrogoths, Visigoths, and Islam are all seen as destroyers of learning."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "Dulness urges Curll to repeat the joke, to pretend to the public that his dull poets were really great poets, to print things by false names. (Curll had published numerous works by \"Joseph Gay\" to trick the public into thinking they were by John Gay.) For his victory, she awards Curll"
},
{
"section_header": "The four-book Dunciad B of 1743 | The argument of the four-book Dunciad | B Book I",
"text": "When Dulness chooses her new king, she settles on Bays, who is seen in his study surveying his own works: The base of Cibber's pile of sacrificed books is several commonplace books, which are the basis of all his own productions."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "The one who can will be the chief judge of Dulness."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "He wins the Journals, but Smedly reappears, saying that he had gone all the way down to Hades, where he had seen that a branch of Styx flows into the Thames, so that all who drink city water grow dull and forgetful from Lethe."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum",
"text": "The various Dunces had written responses to Pope after the first publication of The Dunciad, and they had not only written against Pope, but had explained why Pope had attacked other writers."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Overview of the three-book Dunciad",
"text": "Daniel Defoe is mentioned almost as frequently as anyone in the poem, and the booksellers picked out for abuse both specialised in partisan Whig publications."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | The arguments of the three books | A Book II",
"text": "One poet attempts to flatter his pride."
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Themes of The Dunciad A",
"text": "Pope is not targeting one man, but rather a social decline that he feels"
},
{
"section_header": "The three-book Dunciad A and the Dunciad Variorum | Overview of the three-book Dunciad",
"text": "The cultural attack is broader than the political one, and it may underlie the whole."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dunciad is a landmark mock-heroic narrative poem by Alexander Pope published in three different versions at different times from 1728 to 1743."
}
] |
The Dunciad has seen publications in only one installment.
| 0 | 0 |
The Dunciad
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spanish Crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer."
}
] |
tESedrNiZmcsZ3FV6Tp7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti was the sixth of ten children of the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Scarlatti has been heralded as the \"greatest Italian harpsichord composer of all time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He was born in 1685, the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "While in Rome, Scarlatti composed several operas for Queen Casimire's private theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Aside from his many sonatas, Scarlatti composed a number of operas and cantatas, symphonias, and liturgical pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (Naples, 26 October 1685 – Madrid, 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a variety of musical forms, although today he is known mainly for his 555 keyboard sonatas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He was appointed as composer and organist at the royal chapel in Naples in 1701."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is classified primarily as a Baroque composer chronologically, although his music was influential in the development of the Classical style."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Other composers who may have been his early teachers include Gaetano Greco, Francesco Gasparini, and Bernardo Pasquini, all of whom may have influenced his musical style."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Domenico Scarlatti was born in Naples, Kingdom of Naples, belonging to the Spanish Crown."
}
] |
Scarlatti is Venetian composer and was a contemporary of Bach.
| 0 | 0 |
Domenico Scarlatti
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novels in the trilogy are titled The Hunger Games (2008), Catching Fire (2009), and Mockingjay (2010)."
}
] |
tFHLtse2y3DrJ4Vd4eME
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "The Hunger Games is the first book in the series and was released on September 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Catching Fire",
"text": "In Catching Fire, which begins six months after the conclusion of The Hunger Games, Katniss learns that her defiance in the previous novel has started a chain reaction that has inspired rebellion in the districts."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Mockingjay",
"text": "Mockingjay, the third and final book in The Hunger Games series, was released on August 24, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The series is set in The Hunger Games universe, and follows young Katniss Everdeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "The Hunger Games follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen, a girl from District 12 who volunteers for the 74th Hunger Games in place of her younger sister Primrose Everdeen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hunger Games is a series of young adult dystopian novels written by American novelist Suzanne Collins."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture | Critical reception",
"text": "John Green of The New York Times compared The Hunger Games with Scott Westerfeld's The Uglies series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On August 17, 2012, Amazon announced The Hunger Games trilogy as its top seller, surpassing the record previously held by the Harry Potter series."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | Catching Fire",
"text": "Catching Fire is the second installment in the series, released on September 1, 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Novels | Trilogy | The Hunger Games",
"text": "Peeta confesses his longtime secret love for Katniss in a televised interview prior to the Games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novels in the trilogy are titled The Hunger Games (2008), Catching Fire (2009), and Mockingjay (2010)."
}
] |
The orginal Hunger Games series was started as a trilogy.
| 1 | 5 |
The Hunger Games
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Finally, he attacks Jem and Scout while they are walking home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life."
}
] |
tFVduiDYddHcdjIlRAzG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone is leaving them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Loss of innocence",
"text": "The titular mockingbird is a key motif of this theme, which first appears when Atticus, having given his children air-rifles for Christmas, allows their Uncle Jack to teach them to shoot."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Gender roles",
"text": "Mayella Ewell also has an influence; Scout watches her destroy an innocent man in order to hide her desire for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "An earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, titled Go"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Genres",
"text": "Scholars have characterized To Kill a Mockingbird as both a Southern Gothic and a Bildungsroman."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In his remarks, Bush stated, \"One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Finally, he attacks Jem and Scout while they are walking home on a dark night after the school Halloween pageant."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "She is so distracted and embarrassed that she prefers to go home in her ham costume, which saves her life."
}
] |
At the end of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout leaves a Christmas party where she is ambushed by Ewell.
| 4 | 7 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s."
}
] |
tFdHmbRTr04USGNuE153
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Four Star Playhouse",
"text": "He kept busy doing work for Four Star."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "He went to the capital city to finish his education, but spent most of his time pursuing a theatrical career."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "He began studies briefly at the Sorbonne, and was waiting for a chance to study acting at the Paris Conservatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After receiving an education in drama, Boyer started on the stage, but he found his success in American films during the 1930s."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "Boyer went to Broadway, where he made his first appearance in Red Gloves (1948–49), based on Dirty Hands by Jean-Paul Sartre, which went for 113 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Universal",
"text": "Before he started the contract he finished a film at Warners, The Constant Nymph (1943) with Joan Fontaine."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Universal",
"text": "In January 1942 Boyer signed a three-year contract with Universal to act and produce."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1960s",
"text": "The Broadway run only went for 54 performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "He was successful. Then he appeared in a play La Bataille and Boyer became a theatre star overnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "This is the act popularly known as Don Juan in Hell."
}
] |
Boyer went to college for business and then quit and started getting into acting.
| 1 | 2 |
Charles Boyer
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball between 1932 and 1948 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Brooklyn Dodgers, primarily as a shortstop."
}
] |
tGW4p44qJl9vtXwIHCLT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "Vaughan, who was the youngest player in the National League in 1932, wound up playing 129 games overall that year, all but one at shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Legacy",
"text": "Vaughan is the 26th greatest non-pitcher in major league history, according to win shares."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Remaining Pirates career",
"text": "The fans were outraged at his trade to Brooklyn and his mysterious death years later helped coin the phrase \"The Ghost of Arky\" when times got tough."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Floyd \"Arky\" Vaughan (March 9, 1912 – August 30, 1952) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Comeback",
"text": "Serving as something of a utility player, Vaughan played in 64 games and batted .325."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "Although he led the league in errors again with an identical 46 to the previous year, due to his increased playing time his fielding percentage improved a bit from .934 to .945."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Rookie year",
"text": "His year was impressive enough to garner a modicum of support for Most Valuable Player, finishing 23rd in the voting."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Brooklyn Dodgers | Clash of personalities",
"text": "During the season, temperamental manager Leo Durocher got into a confrontation with pitcher Bobo Newsom after Newsom complained about catcher Bobby Bragan dropping a third strike."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Remaining Pirates career",
"text": "Vaughan finished the year batting .316 in 106 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Pittsburgh Pirates | Establishing himself",
"text": "Improving on almost all of his offensive statistics, Vaughan played in 152 games, batting .314 with 97 RBI, seventh- and fifth-best in the NL respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played 14 seasons in Major League Baseball between 1932 and 1948 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Brooklyn Dodgers, primarily as a shortstop."
}
] |
Arky Vaughan played 13 years as a pitcher for the Rangers and the Reds.
| 1 | 2 |
Arky Vaughan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He learned Yiddish as his first language."
}
] |
tGctM3AshZfcVGrsTz0s
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He started his acting career in the Yiddish theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He started his acting career in the Yiddish theatre in Chicago with his parents, who were both actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He learned Yiddish as his first language."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also highly skilled in using makeup techniques, a talent he learned from his parents, who were also actors, and from his early years on stage with the Yiddish theater in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He was quickly recognized by Maurice Schwartz, who signed him up with his Yiddish Art Theater."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "A 1925 New York Times article singled out Sam Kasten and Muni's performances at the People's Theater as among the highlights of that year's Yiddish theater season, describing them as second only to Ludwig Satz."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "He read what he could find, talked to people who knew Darrow personally, and studied physical mannerisms from photographs of him. \" To Paul Muni, acting was not just a career, but an obsession\", writes The New York Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "\" On stage, \"a Muni whisper could reach the last balcony of any theater\", writes the Times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Muni (born Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund; September 22, 1895– August 25, 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American stage and film actor who grew up in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "Although Muni was considered one of the best film actors of the 1930s, some film critics such as David Thomson and Andrew Sarris, accuse him of overacting."
}
] |
Paul Muni started his acting career with the Yiddish theater in Chicago although he didn't speak the language.
| 0 | 1 |
Paul Muni
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Timberlake then recruited Chasez to be in an all-male singing group, organized by boy band manager Lou Pearlman, that eventually became NSYNC."
}
] |
tGdMQ68610n3qcOIA9gd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justin Randall Timberlake (born January 31, 1981), occasionally known by his initials JT, is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and record producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Timberlake then recruited Chasez to be in an all-male singing group, organized by boy band manager Lou Pearlman, that eventually became NSYNC."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–2002: NSYNC",
"text": "The boy band NSYNC formed in 1995, and began their career in 1996 in Europe; Timberlake and Chasez served as its two lead singers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "the singer is \"the modern case study.\" Multiple music publications have deemed Justified as the standard for post boy-band solo albums and teen pop stars seeking credibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–2002: NSYNC",
"text": "The rise of his own stardom and the general decline in the popularity of boy bands led to the dissolution of NSYNC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the late 1990s, Timberlake rose to prominence as one of the two lead vocalists and youngest member of NSYNC, which eventually became one of the best-selling boy bands of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "Timberlake's fashion and style evolution, from \"boy-band synchronized wardrobe days\" to \"a notable source of fashion inspiration to men all over,\" has been noticed by the media."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry",
"text": "Timberlake reveals, \"I wanted to sing the song like a rock and roll singer, not an R&B singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–2002: NSYNC",
"text": "In its lifetime, NSYNC was internationally famous and performed at the Academy Awards, the Olympics, and the Super Bowl, as well as selling more than 70 million records worldwide, becoming the fifth-best selling boy band in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "That's a great place to be.\" In the context of male artists that achieved commercial success after leaving their boy bands, Brittany Spanos from Rolling Stone wrote \"Timberlake and Michael Jackson set a high bar for what could be attained by solo success in that they not only scored numerous number-one hits"
}
] |
American singer and actor Justin Timberlake was part of a boy group Backstreet Boys.
| 0 | 0 |
Justin Timberlake
|
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