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Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of Hardy's Wessex novels, it is set in a fictional rural England with Casterbridge standing in for Dorchester in Dorset where the author spent his youth."
}
] |
tsmPUZxQdBzFB8BRGehU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Setting and date",
"text": "The author intended Casterbridge to be an imaginative presentation of certain aspects of the town as he remembered it in the \"dream\" of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting and date",
"text": "The book is one of Hardy's Wessex novels, and is set largely in the fictional town of Casterbridge, based on Dorchester in Dorset."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of Hardy's Wessex novels, it is set in a fictional rural England with Casterbridge standing in for Dorchester in Dorset where the author spent his youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character is an 1886 novel by the English author Thomas Hardy."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a silent film of 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is considered to be one of Hardy's masterpieces, although it has been criticised for incorporating too many incidents: a consequence of the author trying to include something in every weekly published instalment."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 2003 British TV film."
},
{
"section_header": "Principal characters",
"text": "Michael Henchard: hay trusser who becomes Mayor of Casterbridge"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film and TV",
"text": "The Mayor of Casterbridge, a 1978 seven-part serial for BBC TV."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting and date",
"text": "Although the opening sentence of the novel states that the events described took place \"before the nineteenth century had reached one-third of its span\" the date of Hardy's own childhood places it rather later – in the mid-to-late 1840s."
}
] |
The Mayor of Casterbridge's events occur in the real town of Casterbridge which is where the author would go on winter holidays.
| 0 | 1 |
The Mayor of Casterbridge
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Bannockburn (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Allt nam Bànag or Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich) on 23 and 24 June 1314 was a victory of the army of King of Scots"
}
] |
tszUrPL6zohKXpAtHL6h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "Most medieval battles were short-lived, lasting only a few hours, so the Battle of Bannockburn is unusual in that it lasted two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Arts",
"text": "The Last Stand album by Sabaton features the song \"Blood of Bannockburn\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "On 23 June 1314 two English cavalry formations advanced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Bannockburn (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Allt nam Bànag or Blàr Allt a' Bhonnaich) on 23 and 24 June 1314 was a victory of the army of King of Scots"
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "It was besieged in 1314 by Robert the Bruce's younger brother, Edward Bruce, and an agreement was made that if the castle was not relieved by mid-summer it would be surrendered to the Scots."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "The National Trust for Scotland operates the Bannockburn Visitor Centre (previously known as the Bannockburn Heritage Centre), which is open daily from March through October."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "others to the king's army, which having already left the road through the wood had debouched upon a plain near the water of Forth beyond Bannockburn, an evil, deep, wet marsh, where the said English army unharnessed and remained all night, having sadly lost confidence and being too much disaffected by the events of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "During the night the English forces crossed the stream known as the Bannockburn, establishing their position on the plain beyond it."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "The Scots then rushed the English forces under Gloucester's and Hereford's command, who retreated, struggling back over the Bannockburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Bannockburn Visitor Centre",
"text": "The battlefield's new visitor centre – now rebranded as the Bannockburn Visitor Centre – opened in March 2014."
}
] |
The Battle of Bannockburn lasted for five days in 1314.
| 3 | 7 |
Battle of Bannockburn
|
Geography
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2018, Paris was the most expensive city in the world with Singapore and Hong Kong."
}
] |
ttJbiWsaFnwOKjWYiSIN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In the 2017 worldwide cost of living survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, based on a survey made in September 2016, Paris ranked as the seventh most expensive city in the world, and the second most expensive in Europe, after Zurich."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2018, Paris was the most expensive city in the world with Singapore and Hong Kong."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second most expensive city in the world, after Singapore, and ahead of Zürich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was ranked as the second most visited travel destination in the world in 2019, after Bangkok and just ahead of London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Another source ranked Paris as most expensive, on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong, in 2018.The city is a major railway, highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris–Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe) and Paris–Orly."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "In 2011, its GDP ranked second among the regions of Europe and its per-capita GDP was the 4th highest in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Museums",
"text": "The Louvre received 9.6 million visitors in 2019, ranking it the most visited museum in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | City government",
"text": "The number of city employees increased from 40,000 in 2001 to 55,000 in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | City government",
"text": "The budget of the city for 2018 is 9.5 billion Euros, with an expected deficit of 5.5 billion Euros."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": ", Paris was the second-busiest airline destination in the world, with 19.10 million visitors, behind Bangkok (22.78 million) but ahead of London (19.09 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro."
}
] |
Paris was ranked as the second most expensive city of the world in 2018.
| 3 | 8 |
Paris
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida."
}
] |
ttQohTP1a2uOMAwSBvZK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1946–1949",
"text": "Williams ran away as the winner in the MVP voting."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "Williams sat out the first month of the 1955 season due to a divorce settlement with his wife, Doris."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1950–1955",
"text": "On May 21, Williams passed Chuck Klein for 10th place, on May 25 Williams passed Rogers Hornsby for 9th place, and on July 5 Williams passed Al Simmons for 8th place all-time in career home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He had a pacemaker implanted in November 2000 and he underwent open-heart surgery in January 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Relationship with Boston media and fans",
"text": "He maintained a career-long feud with SPORT magazine due to a 1948 feature article in which the SPORT reporter included a quote from Williams' mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "On August 25, Williams passed Johnny Mize for sixth place, and on September 3, Williams passed Joe DiMaggio for fifth all-time in career home runs with his 362nd career home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Of his Mexican ancestry he said that \"If I had my mother's name, there is no doubt I would have run into problems in those days, [considering] the prejudices people had in Southern California\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues (1939–1942, 1946–1960) | 1939–1940",
"text": "Williams came to spring training three days late in 1939, thanks to Williams driving from California to Florida and respiratory problems, the latter of which would plague Williams for the rest of his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | U.S. Marine Corps, Korea (1952–1953)",
"text": "On September 6, Williams hit his 332nd career home run, passing Hank Greenberg for seventh all-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Military service | World War II",
"text": "He'd shoot from wingovers, zooms, and barrel rolls, and after a few passes the sleeve was ribbons."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "After suffering a series of strokes and congestive heart failure, he died of cardiac arrest at the age of 83 on July 5, 2002, at Citrus Memorial Hospital, Inverness, Florida, near his home in Citrus Hills, Florida."
}
] |
Williams passed away due to heart problems.
| 0 | 0 |
Ted Williams
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apollo 13 is a 1995 American space docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Ed Harris, and Gary Sinise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The screenplay by William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert dramatizes the aborted 1970 Apollo 13 lunar mission and is an adaptation of the 1994 book Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 by astronaut Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger."
}
] |
ttkwOF3Oi5V3HlO7D27t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film depicts astronauts Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise aboard Apollo 13 for America's third Moon landing mission."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The screenplay by William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert dramatizes the aborted 1970 Apollo 13 lunar mission and is an adaptation of the 1994 book Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13 by astronaut Jim Lovell and Jeffrey Kluger."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After the third stage fires to send Apollo 13 to the Moon, Swigert performs the maneuver to connect the command module Odyssey to the Lunar Module Aquarius and pull it away from the spent rocket."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "In addition to his brother, Clint Howard, several other members of Ron Howard's family appear in the movie: Rance Howard (his father) appears as the Lovell family minister."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Pilot Jack Swigert Bill Paxton as Apollo 13 Lunar Module Pilot Fred HaiseMission Control: Ed Harris as White Team Flight Director Gene Kranz: Harris described the film as \"cramming for a final exam.\" Harris described Gene Kranz as \"corny and like a dinosaur\", but respected by the crew."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apollo 13 is a 1995 American space docudrama film directed by Ron Howard and starring Tom Hanks, Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Ed Harris, and Gary Sinise."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Apollo Flight Crew: Tom Hanks as Apollo 13 Commander Jim Lovell: Jim Lovell stated that before his book Lost Moon was even written, the movie rights were being shopped to potential buyers and that his first reaction was that Kevin Costner would be a good choice to play him."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Preproduction and props",
"text": "While planning the film, director Ron Howard decided that every shot of the film would be original and that no mission footage would be used."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": ": it's a masterfully told drama from director Ron Howard, bolstered by an ensemble of solid performances."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Apollo 13 gives one hell of a ride.\" Edward Guthmann of San Francisco Chronicle gave a mixed review and wrote: \"I just wish that Apollo 13 worked better as a movie, and that Howard's threshold for corn, mush and twinkly sentiment weren't so darn wide.\" Peter Travers of Rolling Stone praised the film and wrote: \"Howard lays off the manipulation to tell the true story of the near-fatal 1970 Apollo 13 mission in painstaking and lively detail."
}
] |
Apollo 13 is a movie by Ron Howard and is about the third lunar landing that did not happen as described in a book.
| 2 | 5 |
Apollo 13 (film)
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "With the festivities under way, he cut the anchor rope and Bounty sailed away with its captive guests."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "Bounty's complement now comprised nine mutineers—Christian, Young, Quintal, Brown, Martin, John Williams, William McCoy, John Mills, and John Adams (known by the crew as \"Alexander Smith\")—and 20 Polynesians, of whom 14 were women."
}
] |
tuCA13o8mrAu10nR9DBn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Expedition | Towards home",
"text": "His mood was worsened when Bligh accused him of stealing coconuts from the captain's private supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "That evening, Christian inveigled aboard Bounty a party of Tahitians, mainly women, for a social gathering."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Bligh",
"text": "Because of the limited number of warrant officers allowed on Bounty, Bligh was also required to act as the ship's purser."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "Among the abducted group were six elderly women, for whom Christian had no use; he put them ashore on the nearby island of Mo'orea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The mutineers variously settled on Tahiti or on Pitcairn Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "Bounty's complement now comprised nine mutineers—Christian, Young, Quintal, Brown, Martin, John Williams, William McCoy, John Mills, and John Adams (known by the crew as \"Alexander Smith\")—and 20 Polynesians, of whom 14 were women."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "The 16 sailors on Tahiti began to organise their lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Bounty under Christian",
"text": "On board were nearly 30 Tahitian men and women, some of whom were there by deception."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Bounty under Christian",
"text": "However, to create a permanent settlement, they needed compliant native labour and women."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitcairn | Settlement",
"text": "Some of the women attempted to leave the island in a makeshift boat but could not launch it successfully."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutiny | Mutineers divided",
"text": "With the festivities under way, he cut the anchor rope and Bounty sailed away with its captive guests."
}
] |
The mutineers didn't try to steal a number of women from Tahiti.
| 1 | 3 |
Mutiny on the Bounty
|
Technology
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Current operations",
"text": "storage solutionsDell also owns separate businesses: VMware (80%), RSA Security, Pivotal Software, Secureworks, Virtustream, and Dell Boomi"
}
] |
tuNkw9FJaqzxBm5nThKp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dell Technologies Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Round Rock, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | IPO",
"text": "On January 29, 2018, it was reported that Dell Technologies was considering a reverse merger with its VMware subsidiary to take the company public."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "EMC owned around 80% of the stock of VMware."
},
{
"section_header": "History | IPO",
"text": "On December 28, 2018, Dell Technologies became a public company, bypassing the traditional IPO process by buying back shares that tracked the financial performance of VMware."
},
{
"section_header": "Current operations",
"text": "storage solutionsDell also owns separate businesses: VMware (80%), RSA Security, Pivotal Software, Secureworks, Virtustream, and Dell Boomi"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The acquisition required Dell to publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013.Dell Technologies has products and services in the field of scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The acquisition maintained VMware as a separate company, held via a new tracking stock, while the rest of EMC were rolled into Dell."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "On October 12, 2015, Dell announced its intent to acquire EMC Corporation, an enterprise software and storage company, in a $67 billion transaction."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "EMC was being pressured by Elliott Management Corporation, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize the unusual \"Federation\" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Elliott argued this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core \"EMC II\" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies."
}
] |
Dell Technologies does not own other companies.
| 0 | 1 |
Dell Technologies
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (Trout Quintet), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 (Unfinished Symphony), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera Fierrabras (D. 796), the incidental music to the play Rosamunde (D. 797), and the song cycles Die schöne Müllerin (D. 795) and Winterreise (D. 911)."
}
] |
tuQi6Bke9dZ66pgG2G5a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Publication – catalogue | Numbering issues",
"text": "Schubert's last completed symphony, the Great C major D 944, was assigned the numbers 7, 8, 9 and 10, depending on publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "But the Unfinished and especially the Great C major Symphony are astonishing."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition | Tributes by other musicians",
"text": "Hector Berlioz and Anton Bruckner acknowledged the influence of the Great C Major Symphony."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His major works include the Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (Trout Quintet), the Symphony No. 8 in B minor, D. 759 (Unfinished Symphony), the ”Great” Symphony No. 9 in C major, D. 944, the String Quintet (D. 956), the three last piano sonatas (D. 958–960), the opera Fierrabras (D. 796), the incidental music to the play Rosamunde (D. 797), and the song cycles Die schöne Müllerin (D. 795) and Winterreise (D. 911)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Publication – catalogue | Numbering issues",
"text": "is: No. 7 is: No. 7 : E major, D 729 No. 8"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Publication – catalogue | Numbering issues",
"text": ": C major, D 944 Great C major"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years and masterworks",
"text": "C major (Great C major, D. 944), which was completed the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years and masterworks",
"text": "In 1826, he dedicated a symphony (D. 944, that later came to be known as the Great C major) to the Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde and received an honorarium in return."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition | Tributes by other musicians",
"text": "It was Robert Schumann who, having seen the manuscript of the Great C Major Symphony in Vienna in 1838, drew it to the attention of Mendelssohn, who led the first performance of the symphony, in a heavily abridged version, in Leipzig in 1839."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Style | Instrumental music, stage works and church music",
"text": "This combination of Classical form and long-breathed Romantic melody sometimes lends them a discursive style: his Great C major Symphony was described by Robert Schumann as running to \"heavenly lengths\"."
}
] |
Franz Schubert composed the Symphony #8 in C major.
| 0 | 0 |
Franz Schubert
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Personal life",
"text": "James has three children with Savannah Brinson, his high school sweetheart: Bronny (b. 2004), Bryce (b. 2007), and Zhuri (b. 2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His teams have appeared in the Finals nine times and won three championships."
}
] |
tuzNK3eQt2QDg0lhxaAj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James won his first two NBA championships while playing for the Heat in 2012 and 2013; in both of these years, he also earned league MVP and Finals MVP."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Realizing that her son would be better off in a more stable family environment, Gloria allowed him to move in with the family of Frank Walker, a local youth football coach who introduced James to basketball when he was nine years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His teams have appeared in the Finals nine times and won three championships."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His accomplishments include three NBA championships, four NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) Awards, three Finals MVP Awards, and two Olympic gold medals."
},
{
"section_header": "Off the court | Personal life",
"text": "James has three children with Savannah Brinson, his high school sweetheart: Bronny (b. 2004), Bryce (b. 2007), and Zhuri (b. 2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "As of June 2019, he has been named to 15 All-NBA Teams, which is tied for the most in league history, and 12 All-NBA first teams, which is an NBA record."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Miami Heat | 2011–2013: Back-to-back championships",
"text": "He was named Finals MVP for the second straight season, averaging 25.3 points, 10.9 rebounds, 7 assists, and 2.3 steals per game for the championship round."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Miami Heat | 2011–2013: Back-to-back championships",
"text": "Miami eventually finished the year with a franchise and league best 66–16 record, and James was named MVP for the fourth time, falling just one vote shy of becoming the first player in NBA history to win the award unanimously."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Cavaliers | 2004–2008: Rise to superstardom",
"text": "the 2006 All-Star Game, James led the East to victory with 29 points and was named the NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Return to the Cavaliers | 2014–2016: Ending Cleveland's championship drought",
"text": "For most of the Finals against the Golden State Warriors, Irving and Love were sidelined due to injury, giving James more offensive responsibilities."
}
] |
Le Bron James has a son name Bronny and has won more than two NBA championships.
| 0 | 0 |
LeBron James
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A celebrated Hollywood film version, starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford, was released in 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939."
}
] |
tvfQ9R3RLtTTm4xXpx8u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "In his book The Art of Fiction (1984), John Gardner criticized Steinbeck for not knowing anything about the California ranchers: \"Witness Steinbeck's failure in The Grapes of Wrath."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Grapes of Wrath is an American realist novel written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | In film",
"text": "The book was quickly made into a famed 1940 Hollywood movie of the same name directed by John Ford and starring Henry Fonda as Tom Joad."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Steinbeck scholar John Timmerman sums up the book's influence: \"The Grapes of Wrath may well be the most thoroughly discussed novel – in criticism, reviews, and college classrooms – of 20th century American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The Grapes of Wrath'', Steinbeck wrote a long letter to his editor at Viking Press, Pascal Covici."
},
{
"section_header": "Development | Title",
"text": "The Grapes of Wrath, suggested by his wife Carol Steinbeck, was deemed more suitable than anything by the author."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | In film",
"text": "The Japanese animated series Bungou Stray Dogs portrays a character based on Steinbeck whose superpower is named \"The Grapes of Wrath\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "In 1999, French newspaper Le Monde of Paris ranked The Grapes of Wrath as seventh on its list of the 100 best books of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "In 1962, the Nobel Prize committee cited The Grapes of Wrath as a \"great work\" and as one of the committee's main reasons for granting Steinbeck the Nobel Prize for Literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | In film",
"text": "John Springer, author of The Fondas (Citadel, 1973), said of Henry Fonda and his role in The Grapes of Wrath: \"The Great American Novel made one of the few enduring Great American Motion Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A celebrated Hollywood film version, starring Henry Fonda and directed by John Ford, was released in 1940."
}
] |
The Grapes of Wrath is a book by John Steinbeck and became a movie.
| 0 | 0 |
The Grapes of Wrath
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
}
] |
twGqMRghHudRxGpdfzZW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her name first appeared in the second edition published in Paris in 1821."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "It was published in an edition of just 500 copies in three volumes, the standard \"triple-decker\" format for 19th-century first editions."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "On 31 October 1831, the first \"popular\" edition in one volume appeared, published by Henry Colburn & Richard Bentley."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition is the one most widely published and read now, although a few editions follow the 1818 text."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition credited Mary Shelley as the book's author on its title page."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition was heavily revised by Mary Shelley, partially to make the story less radical."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Anne K. Mellor's \"Choosing a Text of Frankenstein to Teach\" in the W. W. Norton Critical edition)."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Shelley's first child died in infancy, and when she began composing Frankenstein in 1816, she was likely nursing her second child, who was also dead by the time of Frankenstein's publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "The second (English) edition of Frankenstein was published on 11 August 1823 in two volumes (by G. and W. B. Whittaker) following the success of the stage play Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein by Richard Brinsley Peake."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
}
] |
Frankenstein's first edition was made public in Paris.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankenstein
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s."
}
] |
twXeBvbAextHETG9SjY0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "The century-old Seattle Symphony Orchestra has won many awards and performs primarily at Benaroya Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong Province."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century, the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G,"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "Seattle has been a regional center for the performing arts for many years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Seattle is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "North of the city center, Lake Washington Ship Canal connects Puget Sound to Lake Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "Seattle is located between the saltwater Puget Sound (an arm of the Pacific Ocean) to the west and Lake Washington to the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Performing arts",
"text": "classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes."
}
] |
Seattle, Washington was the artistic wellspring from which notable performers of an alternative sound of the late twentieth century sprung.
| 0 | 0 |
Seattle
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881."
}
] |
tx4gRlUAzY9i1kfrvRxe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "United States Senate, 1876–1881",
"text": "Blaine continued to antagonize Southern Democrats, voting against bills passed in the Democrat-controlled House that would reduce the Army's appropriation and repeal the post-war Enforcement Acts he had helped pass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the general election, he was narrowly defeated by Democrat Grover Cleveland."
},
{
"section_header": "1876 presidential election | Mulligan letters",
"text": "Democrats in the House of Representatives nevertheless demanded a Congressional investigation."
},
{
"section_header": "House of Representatives, 1863–1876 | Speaker of the House",
"text": "In the subsequent March 4, 1869 election for Speaker, Blaine easily defeated Democrat Michael C. Kerr of Indiana by a vote of 135 to 57."
},
{
"section_header": "1880 presidential election",
"text": "When Garfield was elected over Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock, he turned to Blaine to guide him in selection of his cabinet and offered him the preeminent position: Secretary of State."
},
{
"section_header": "1884 presidential election | Campaign against Cleveland",
"text": "Cleveland's time on the national scene was brief, but Democrats hoped that his reputation as a reformer and an opponent of corruption would attract Republicans dissatisfied with Blaine and his reputation for scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "1884 presidential election | Campaign against Cleveland",
"text": "On some of the most damaging correspondence, Blaine had written \"Burn this letter,\" giving Democrats the last line to their rallying cry: \"Blaine, Blaine, James G. Blaine, the continental liar from the state of Maine, 'Burn this letter!'\"To counter"
},
{
"section_header": "1884 presidential election | Campaign against Cleveland",
"text": "The Democrats held their convention in Chicago the following month and nominated Governor Grover Cleveland of New York."
},
{
"section_header": "1884 presidential election | Campaign against Cleveland",
"text": "At the same time, Democratic operatives accused Blaine and his wife of not having been married when their eldest son, Stanwood, was born in 1851; this rumor was false, however, and caused little excitement in the campaign."
},
{
"section_header": "House of Representatives, 1863–1876 | Speaker of the House",
"text": "His time as speaker came to an end following the 1874 / 75 elections which produced a Democratic majority for the 44th Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 – January 27, 1893) was an American statesman and Republican politician who represented Maine in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1863 to 1876, serving as Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1869 to 1875, and then in the United States Senate from 1876 to 1881."
}
] |
Blaine was a Democrat.
| 0 | 0 |
James G. Blaine
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool."
}
] |
tx8o54wgZVDFAWWF4Ao4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a skiffle group with several friends from Quarry Bank High School in Liverpool."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group was already using the name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "In early 1965, following a dinner with Lennon, Harrison and their wives, Harrison's dentist, John Riley, secretly added LSD to their coffee."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Lennon returned to Liverpool in early December, while Sutcliffe remained in Hamburg until late February with his German fiancée Astrid Kirchherr, who took the first semi-professional photos of the Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "By early July, they had refashioned themselves as the Silver Beatles, and by the middle of August shortened the name to the Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "[It's] John and the band, Paul and the band, George and the band."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group, whose best-known lineup comprised John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, are regarded as the most influential band of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "On 8 May, Klein was named sole manager of the band, the Eastmans having previously been dismissed as the Beatles' lawyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "Beatles are named after the Beatles."
}
] |
John Lennon formed a band that was briefly named Aces High in Liverpool in early 1957.
| 4 | 5 |
The Beatles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of James's most popular long novels and is regarded by critics as one of his finest."
}
] |
ty30M0QDnuCG2kONK9gE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "James, Henry. The Portrait of a Lady."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Portrait of a Lady is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Atlantic Monthly and Macmillan's Magazine in 1880–81 and then as a book in 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "In 1884, when the actor Lawrence Barrett wanted James to turn the novel into a play, James replied that he did not think it could be done."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In the preface to the 1908 New York Edition of the novel, James referred to several of George Eliot's female protagonists as possible influences on this novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "James's first idea for The Portrait of a Lady was simple: a young American woman confronting her destiny, whatever it might be."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Portrait of a Lady is the story of a spirited young American woman, Isabel Archer, who, \"confronting her destiny\", finds it overwhelming."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "James made an in-depth account of Isabel's deepest terrors in his preface to the 1908 New York Edition of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The Portrait of a Lady has received critical acclaim since its first publication in The Atlantic Monthly, and it remains the most popular of James's longer fictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for stage and screen",
"text": "In 1968 the BBC produced a television miniseries of The Portrait of a Lady, starring Suzanne Neve as Isabel and Richard Chamberlain as Ralph Touchett."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is one of James's most popular long novels and is regarded by critics as one of his finest."
}
] |
The Portrait of a Lady is a short novel by Henry James.
| 0 | 0 |
The Portrait of a Lady
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "From then on, the couple maintained a joint musical and personal diary of their life together."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "She fully accepted the arrangement of a shared diary as evidenced by her many entries."
}
] |
tyLUzVPHZA5cTEW4S6MR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film",
"text": "Clara Schumann has been portrayed on screen many times."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "In March 1854, Brahms, Joachim, Albert Dietrich, and Julius Otto Grimm spent time with Clara Schumann, playing music for her and with her to divert her mind from the tragedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "Robert and Clara decided to go to court and sue him."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Concert tours",
"text": "Clara Schumann first toured England in April 1856, while her husband was still living but unable to travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life | Success in Vienna",
"text": "She performed to sell-out crowds and laudatory critical reviews; Benedict Randhartinger, a friend of Franz Schubert, gave her an autographed copy of Schubert's Erlkönig, inscribing it \"To the celebrated artist, Clara Wieck.\" Chopin described her playing to Franz Liszt, who came to hear one of Wieck's concerts and subsequently praised her extravagantly in a letter that was published in the Parisian Revue et Gazette Musicale and later, in translation, in the Leipzig journal Neue Zeitschrift für Musik."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An image of Clara Schumann from an 1835 lithograph by Andreas Staub was featured on the 100 Deutsche Mark banknote from 1989 to 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Joseph Joachim",
"text": "A year later Clara Schumann wrote in her diary that in a concert on 11 November 1845, \"little Joachim was very much liked."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | \"War of the Romantics\"",
"text": "Clara Schumann ceased to perform any of Liszt's works, and she suppressed her husband's dedication to Liszt of his Fantasie in C major when she published his complete works."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A 2008 film, Geliebte Clara (Beloved Clara), was directed by Helma Sanders-Brahms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clara Josephine Schumann ([ˈklaːʀa ˈʃuːman]; née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Lasting relationships | Robert Schumann",
"text": "From then on, the couple maintained a joint musical and personal diary of their life together."
},
{
"section_header": "Family life",
"text": "She fully accepted the arrangement of a shared diary as evidenced by her many entries."
}
] |
Clara Schumann kept a secret journal.
| 0 | 0 |
Clara Schumann
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An overwhelming critical and commercial success, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon won over 40 awards and was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2001, including Best Picture, and won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score and Best Cinematography, receiving the most nominations ever for a non-English language film at the time, until 2018's Roma tied this record."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was very well received in the Western world, receiving numerous awards."
}
] |
tynrjMuVKw9dofvKHnUT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "\" Besides, The title Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has several layers of meanings."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "The latter was released in 2004 as New Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon for US and Canadian release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An overwhelming critical and commercial success, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon won over 40 awards and was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in 2001, including Best Picture, and won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score and Best Cinematography, receiving the most nominations ever for a non-English language film at the time, until 2018's Roma tied this record."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Because of these movies, maybe there will be more opportunities for Asian actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon was very well received in the Western world, receiving numerous awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Sequel",
"text": "A direct-to-television sequel to the film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: Sword of Destiny, was released in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The story presented in the film is adapted and condensed from the storyline of the fourth book in the series, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The film also provided the breakthrough role for Zhang Ziyi's career, who noted: Because of movies like Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Hero, and Memoirs of a Geisha, a lot of people in the United States have become interested not only in me but in Chinese and Asian actors in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "During its final week in release, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon opened in a distant 50th place with $37,233 in revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and Interpretations | Title",
"text": "The name \"Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon\" is a literal translation of the Chinese idiom \"臥虎藏龙\" which describes a place or situation that is full of unnoticed masters."
}
] |
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon has been nominated more times than any other movie.
| 0 | 0 |
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry \"Harry\" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer."
}
] |
tzDYBvwY2RQlYJ7BTap4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati | Seventh-Inning Stretch Report",
"text": "In 1869 Wright became the first to make written mention of the Seventh-inning stretch in a game he watched."
},
{
"section_header": "Boston | The National League years",
"text": "Sportswriters tended to refer to them as the \"Red Caps\" now, in deference to the resurrected Red Stockings name for the new Cincinnati Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "When the NABBP permitted professionalism for 1869, Harry augmented his 1868 imports (retaining four of five) with five new men, including three more originally from the East."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He assembled, managed, and played center field for baseball's first fully professional team, the 1869 Cincinnati Red Stockings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry \"Harry\" Wright (January 10, 1835 – October 3, 1895) was an English-born American professional baseball player, manager, and developer."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "Wright left New York on March 8, 1865, bound for Cincinnati, where he had been hired on salary at the Union Cricket Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "The most important of the new men was brother George, probably the best player in the game for a few years, the highest paid man in Cincinnati at $1400 for nine months."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry played against the first English cricket team to tour overseas in 1859.Both brothers played baseball for some of the leading clubs during the amateur era of the National Association of Base Ball Players (NABBP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cincinnati",
"text": "No one but Harry Wright himself remained from 1867; one local man and one other westerner joined seven easterners on the famous First Nine."
}
] |
Harry was born in Westhaven, New Hampshire but played for the Cincinnati Red Socks.
| 0 | 0 |
Harry Wright
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Uses | Minor and emerging uses | As a fuel",
"text": "The raw energy density of liquid ammonia is 11.5 MJ/L, which is about a third that of diesel."
}
] |
tzKIJlFbAkKiFkRmSDnX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Ammonia's role in biological systems and human disease | In physiology",
"text": "Liver dysfunction, such as that seen in cirrhosis, may lead to elevated amounts of ammonia in the blood (hyperammonemia)."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "When mixed with oxygen, it burns with a pale yellowish-green flame."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Minor and emerging uses | Refrigeration – R717",
"text": "The contribution to the greenhouse effect of CFCs and HFCs in current use, if vented, would match that of all CO2 in the atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties",
"text": "Combustion Ammonia does not burn readily or sustain combustion, except under narrow fuel-to-air mixtures of 15–25% air."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Minor and emerging uses | For remediation of gaseous emissions",
"text": "Ammonia is used to scrub SO2 from the burning of fossil fuels, and the resulting product is converted to ammonium sulfate for use as fertilizer."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety precautions",
"text": "See Gas carrier § Health effects of specific cargoes carried on gas carriers for more information."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Antimicrobial agent for food products",
"text": "The process was deemed effective and safe by the US Department of Agriculture based on a study that found that the treatment reduces E. coli to undetectable levels."
},
{
"section_header": "Detection and determination | Ammonia in solution",
"text": "The amount of ammonia in ammonium salts can be estimated quantitatively by distillation of the salts with sodium or potassium hydroxide, the ammonia evolved being absorbed in a known volume of standard sulfuric acid and the excess of acid then determined volumetrically; or the ammonia may be absorbed in hydrochloric acid and the ammonium chloride so formed precipitated as ammonium hexachloroplatinate, (NH4)2PtCl6."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety precautions",
"text": "Ammonia is regulated in the United States as a non-flammable gas, but it meets the definition of a material that is toxic by inhalation and requires a hazardous safety permit when transported in quantities greater than 13,248 L (3,500 gallons).Liquid ammonia is dangerous because it is hygroscopic and because it can cause caustic burns."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety precautions",
"text": "The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recently reduced the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health, the level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 minutes without suffering irreversible health effects) from 500 to 300 based on recent more conservative interpretations of original research in 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses | Minor and emerging uses | As a fuel",
"text": "The raw energy density of liquid ammonia is 11.5 MJ/L, which is about a third that of diesel."
}
] |
Ammonia is only about 33% as effective for burning as the same amount of petrol.
| 0 | 0 |
Ammonia
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis."
}
] |
tzWA7HRrvTehqtKKNkOI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When consumed in metabolic processes, it converts either to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or to adenosine monophosphate (AMP)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound and hydrotrope that provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, e.g. muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate dissolution, and chemical synthesis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Other processes regenerate ATP so that the human body recycles its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From the perspective of biochemistry, ATP is classified as a nucleoside triphosphate, which indicates that it consists of three components: a nitrogenous base (adenine), the sugar ribose, and the triphosphate."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.2 moles."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | Production, aerobic conditions | Citric acid cycle",
"text": "ATP outward movement is favored by the membrane's electrochemical potential because the cytosol has a relatively positive charge compared to the relatively negative matrix."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | Production, aerobic conditions | Citric acid cycle",
"text": "This translocase is driven by the membrane potential, as it results in the movement of about 4 negative charges out across the mitochondrial membrane in exchange for 3 negative charges moved inside."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | ATP recycling",
"text": "A human will typically use up his or her body weight of ATP over the course of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | Production, aerobic conditions | Ketosis",
"text": "Ketone bodies cannot be used as fuel by the liver, because the liver lacks the enzyme β-ketoacyl-CoA transferase, also called thiophorase."
},
{
"section_header": "Production from AMP and ADP | Production, aerobic conditions | Ketosis",
"text": "Ketone bodies can be used as fuels, yielding 22 ATP and 2 GTP molecules per acetoacetate molecule when oxidized in the mitochondria."
}
] |
Adenosine triphosphate is what allows the voluntary and involuntary movements in your body.
| 0 | 3 |
Adenosine triphosphate
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the fictitious town of Starkfield, Massachusetts."
}
] |
tzzAgQ3w8lX2B0vhmouy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ethan Frome is a 1911 book by American author Edith Wharton."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The New York Times called Ethan Frome \"a compelling and haunting story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was adapted into a film, Ethan Frome, in 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" Edith Wharton was able to write an appealing book and separate it from her other works, where her characters in Ethan Frome are not of the elite upper class."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "In her introduction to the novel, Wharton talks of the \"outcropping granite\" of New England, the austerity of its land and the stoicism of its people."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" Wharton was always careful to label Ethan Frome as a tale rather than a novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The story of Ethan Frome had initially begun as a French-language composition that Wharton had to write while studying the language in Paris, but several years later she took the story up again and transformed it into the novel it now is, basing her sense of New England culture and place on her ten years of living at The Mount, her home in Lenox, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in the fictitious town of Starkfield, Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Curious, the narrator sets out to learn about him."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "It is among the few works by Wharton with a rural setting."
}
] |
Edith Wharton's novel Ethan Frome is set in New Hampshire.
| 0 | 0 |
Ethan Frome
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Skydeck",
"text": "Tourists can experience how the building sways in wind and see far over the plains of Illinois and across Lake Michigan to Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin in clear conditions."
}
] |
u0EfDWjcVFih9TfL5yHu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "Many broadcast station transmitters are located at the top of Willis Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Figures and statistics",
"text": "The design for Willis Tower incorporates nine steel-unit square tubes in a 3-tube by 3-tube arrangement, with each having the footprint of 75 ft × 75 ft (23 m × 23 m)."
},
{
"section_header": "Height",
"text": "Until 2000, the tower did not hold the record for being the tallest building by pinnacle height."
},
{
"section_header": "Height",
"text": "The Willis Tower remains the third tallest building in the Americas (after One World Trade Center and Central Park Tower) and the Western Hemisphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Each year, more than one million people visit its observation deck, the highest in the United States, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions | Film and television",
"text": "In the movie Category 6: Day of Destruction, it is damaged by a tornado."
},
{
"section_header": "Skydeck",
"text": "Located on the 103rd floor at an elevation of 1,353 feet (412.4 m), it is the highest observation deck in the United States and one of Chicago's most famous tourist attractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions | Film and television",
"text": "The modified tower was also featured on one of the film's posters."
},
{
"section_header": "Height",
"text": "Upon completion, One World Trade Center in New York City surpassed the Willis Tower through its structural and pinnacle heights, but not by roof, observation deck elevation, or highest occupied floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural depictions | Film and television",
"text": "In an episode of Kenan and Kel, Kenan Rockmore and Kel Kimble decide to climb to the top of the tower"
},
{
"section_header": "Skydeck",
"text": "Tourists can experience how the building sways in wind and see far over the plains of Illinois and across Lake Michigan to Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin in clear conditions."
}
] |
On a clear day, 3 states can be seen from the top of the Willis Tower.
| 2 | 2 |
Willis Tower
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
}
] |
u0IGhAy1qM5M5rM7OG6p
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2002, Adobe acquired Canadian company Accelio (also known as JetForm).In May,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of \"Canada's Top 100 Employers\" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the same year, Adobe acquired LaserTools Corp and Compution Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In October 2018, Adobe officially changed its name from Adobe Systems Incorporated to Adobe Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Inc. In 1994, Adobe acquired Aldus and added PageMaker and After Effects to its product line later in the year; it also controls the TIFF file format."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In January 2019, Adobe announced its acquisition of 3D texturing company Allegorithmic."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A class-action lawsuit alleging that the company suppressed employee compensation was filed against Adobe, and three other Silicon Valley-based companies in a California federal district court in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In May 2014, it was revealed the four companies, Adobe, Apple, Google, and Intel had reached agreement with the plaintiffs, 64,000 employees of the four companies, to pay a sum of $324.5 million to settle the suit."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company was started in John Warnock's garage."
}
] |
Adobe Inc is not a Canadian company
| 0 | 0 |
Adobe Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He did not have to convince Olivia de Havilland, who threw herself into the research with an intensity that surprised even those who knew her well."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Gene Tierney was the first choice to play Virginia Stuart Cunningham, but was replaced by Olivia de Havilland when Tierney became pregnant."
}
] |
u0RN9oDHp3pVCTi5y0iz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other adaptations",
"text": "The Snake Pit was dramatized as an hour-long radio play on the April 10, 1950 broadcast of Lux Radio Theater, with de Havilland reprising her film role."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Much of the film was filmed in the Camarillo State Mental Hospital in California."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film depicts the bureaucratic regimentation of the institution, the staff (some unkind and aloof, some kind and empathetic), and relationships between patients, from which Virginia learns as much as she does in therapy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Nurse Davis goads Virginia into an outburst which results in Virginia being straitjacketed and expelled from Level One into the \"snake pit,\" where patients considered beyond help are simply placed together in a large padded cell and abandoned."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The film also won the International Prize at the Venice Film Festival in 1949, where it was cited for \"a daring inquiry in a clinical case dramatically performed.\" The film led to changes in the conditions of mental institutions in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Snake Pit is a 1948 American drama film directed by Anatole Litvak and starring Olivia de Havilland, Mark Stevens, Leo Genn, Celeste Holm, Beulah Bondi, and Lee Patrick."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Gene Tierney was the first choice to play Virginia Stuart Cunningham, but was replaced by Olivia de Havilland when Tierney became pregnant."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "In 1949, Herb Stein of Daily Variety wrote \"Wisconsin is the seventh state to institute reforms in its mental hospitals as a result of The Snake Pit."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "It won the Academy Award for Best Sound Recording (Thomas T. Moulton), and was nominated for Best Actress in a Leading Role (Olivia de Havilland), Best Director, Best Music, Scoring of a Dramatic or Comedy Picture, Best Picture and Best Writing, Screenplay."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "This is a very difficult claim to verify because few of the bills introduced, regulations changed or funding increases implemented specifically mentioned The Snake Pit as a motivating factor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "He did not have to convince Olivia de Havilland, who threw herself into the research with an intensity that surprised even those who knew her well."
}
] |
In the film The Snake Pit, the actress who plays Virginia performed much research for the role.
| 0 | 0 |
The Snake Pit
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warner Bros. It is an adaptation of the 1985 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi, who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese."
}
] |
u0YkI0y34OlzlNfnRMUw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Goodfellas is based on New York crime reporter Nicholas Pileggi's book Wiseguy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "GoodFellas is easily one of the year's best films."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Goodfellas (stylized GoodFellas) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese, produced by Irwin Winkler and distributed by"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, particularly in the gangster genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Lists",
"text": "In 2012, the Motion Picture Editors Guild listed Goodfellas as the fifteenth best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its membership."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "One of Scorsese's best films!"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "For example, the scene where Tommy tells a story and Henry is responding to him—"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Luc Besson's 2013 crime comedy film The Family features a sequence where Giovanni Manzoni (Goodfellas star De Niro), a gangster who is under witness protection for testifying against a member of his family, watches Goodfellas."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "One of the favorite scenes for test audiences was the \"Do I amuse you?\" scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Photography",
"text": "the \"Funny how? Do I amuse you?\" scene—is based on an actual event that Pesci experienced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warner Bros. It is an adaptation of the 1985 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi, who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese."
}
] |
Goodfellas was based on a true story about crime in the 90's.
| 2 | 3 |
Goodfellas
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One World Trade Center (also known as One World Trade, One WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City."
}
] |
u0opUUtD2EoF3CirE9Qs
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Key figures | Key project coordinators",
"text": "He gave an initial proposal, which he called \"Memory Foundations\", for the design of One World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Specifications and operations",
"text": "One World Trade Center was the North Tower, and Two World Trade Center was the South Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Incidents | Controversies",
"text": "The social center of the previous One World Trade Center included a restaurant on the 107th floor, called Windows on the World, and The Greatest Bar on Earth; these were tourist attractions in their own right, and a gathering spot for people who worked in the towers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One World Trade Center (also known as One World Trade, One WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Construction",
"text": "The construction of the World Trade Center, of which the Twin Towers (One and Two World Trade Center) were the centerpieces, was conceived as an urban renewal project and spearheaded by David Rockefeller."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Specifications and operations",
"text": "After Seven World Trade Center was built in the 1980s, the World Trade Center complex had a total of seven buildings; however, the most notable ones were the main Twin Towers built in the 1970s—"
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Sustainability",
"text": "The New York Power Authority selected UTC Power to provide the tower's fuel cell system, which was one of the largest fuel cell installations in the world once completed."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Sustainability",
"text": "Like other buildings in the new World Trade Center complex, One World Trade Center includes sustainable architecture features."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Specifications and operations",
"text": "The 110th floor of One World Trade Center (the North Tower) housed radio and television transmission equipment."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Layout | Height",
"text": "One World Trade Center is the second-tallest freestanding structure in the Western Hemisphere, as the CN Tower in Toronto exceeds One World Trade Center's pinnacle height by approximately 40 ft (12.2 m)."
}
] |
One World Trade Center is also called the Power Tower.
| 1 | 7 |
One World Trade Center
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received largely positive reviews and praise for its animation, humor, writing, and musical score."
}
] |
u0qGVOaVhSvAsxubVi1t
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"Incredibles 2 reunites Pixar's family crimefighting team for a long-awaited follow-up that may not quite live up to the original, but comes close enough to earn its name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "You will with Incredibles 2.\" Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune, gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, \"Incredibles 2 is content to punch the clock and stick to straight, bombastic action mode."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received largely positive reviews and praise for its animation, humor, writing, and musical score."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "It received 113.0 million views in its first 24 hours, becoming the most-viewed trailer for an animated film up until the release of the teaser trailer for Frozen 2 in February 2019, which surpassed it with 116.4 million views in its first 24 hours."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 80 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In Incredibles 2, we never get that rush of feeling.\" Mark Kermode of The Guardian gave the film a 4 out of 5 stars and said: \"Slapstick genius, profound social comment and a monstrously funny infant combine to conjure a magical second outing for the superhero family.\" John Nugent of Empire magazine also gave the film a four out of five stars, saying: \"There's some quibbles to be had in an over-familiar setup, and an under-served villain, but overall this is a gloriously fun family parable, and as entertaining as any superhero movie you'll see this year.\" Brian Tellerico of Rogerebert.com, gave the film a 3.5 out of 4 stars and said: \"Having said that, Incredibles 2 understands something that most family sequels, even the Pixar ones, fail to comprehend—we don't just want to repeat something we loved before."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Robert Abele of TheWrap, praised the film, saying: \"Whatever the opposite of phoning in a sequel is, that's Brad Bird's progressive-minded, thunderously fun mix of super saves, throwback aesthetics and family comedy.\" A.A. Dowd, writing for The A.V. Club, felt it was \"A sparkling contraption of an animated comedy, funny and often wondrous in its midcentury-modern vision of an alternate America frozen in the amber of a bygone idealism.\" David Ehrlich of IndieWire, gave the film a \"B+\", saying: \"When the Parrs are pushed out of their comfort zone, Bird settles into his... [after] inciting a Spielberg-level monorail chase that reaffirms Bird's lucid gift for kinetic and character-driven action"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Merchandise",
"text": "A comic miniseries, titled Incredibles 2: Crisis in Mid-Life!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Incredibles 2 was named by the National Board of Review as the Best Animated Film of 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The official premiere of Incredibles 2 took place in Los Angeles on June 5, 2018."
}
] |
Incredibles 2 received mixed critics.
| 0 | 0 |
Incredibles 2
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1704, he enrolled with the rapidly expanding Russian navy of Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great)."
}
] |
u19zopak2FbWHELgYWFz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vitus Jonassen Bering (baptised 5 August 1681, died 19 December 1741), also known as Ivan Ivanovich Bering, was a Danish cartographer and explorer in Russian service, and an officer in the Russian Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "The Tsar would soon have a new command for him, however."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Bering, Vitus\" . Encyclopædia Britannica."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Second Kamchatka expedition and death | Preparations",
"text": "As Bering waited for Anna to solidify her grip on the throne, he and Kirilov worked to find a new, more dependable administrator to run Okhotsk and to begin work on improving the roads between Yakutsk and the coastal settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "He was named after a maternal great-uncle, Vitus Pedersen Bering, who had been a chronicler in the royal court, and was not long deceased at the time of Vitus Jonassen Bering's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Second Kamchatka expedition and death | St. Petersburg to Kamchatka",
"text": "It was work, however, that was still unfinished even by the summer of 1737, such were the delays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1704, he enrolled with the rapidly expanding Russian navy of Tsar Peter I (Peter the Great)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "It was in Amsterdam, however, that in 1704 and under the guidance of Norwegian-born Russian admiral Cornelius Cruys, Bering enlisted with the Russian navy, taking the rank of sub-lieutenant."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Second Kamchatka expedition and death | Preparations",
"text": "Though Bering seems to have been primarily interested in landing in North America, he recognised the importance of secondary objectives: the list of which expanded rapidly under the guidance of planners"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "His work in the latter stages of the Great Northern War (ending in 1721), for example, was dominated by lightering duties."
}
] |
Vitus Bering worked under Tsar Ivan The Terrible.
| 1 | 7 |
Vitus Bering
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "Coldplay have since accepted Harvey as the fifth member of the group."
}
] |
u1Uj8SUo7yDOzwNbeUQ6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coldplay are a British rock band that were formed in London in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "Coldplay have since accepted Harvey as the fifth member of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2010: Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends",
"text": "Coldplay were nominated for four awards at the 2009 Brit Awards: British Group, British Live Act, British Single (\"Viva la Vida\") and British Album ("
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Creative director and former manager Phil Harvey is often referred to as the fifth member by the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2002–2004: A Rush of Blood to the Head",
"text": "At the 2003 Brit Awards held at Earls Court, London, Coldplay received awards for Best British Group, and Best British Album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2002: Parachutes",
"text": "Harvey then took on the role of \"creative director\" and is often referred as the official fifth member by the band, while Dave Holmes took over as the band's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Phil Harvey – creative director (recognised by Coldplay as their fifth member) Parachutes (2000) A Rush of Blood to the Head (2002) X&Y (2005) Viva"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "Chris Martin and Jonny Buckland first met during their orientation week at University College London (UCL) in September 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1996–1999: Formation and first years",
"text": "The pair spent the rest of the university year planning a band, ultimately forming a group called Pectoralz."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1999–2002: Parachutes",
"text": "At the 2001 Brit Awards in February, Coldplay earned awards for Best British Group, and Best British Album."
}
] |
Coldplay, a British rock band that were formed in London in 1996 consists of four members, recently adding a fifth.
| 0 | 0 |
Coldplay
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film ends with Luke speaking to young men about his experience in Vietnam, intercut with Bob placing his neatly folded Marine dress uniform on the beach, taking off his wedding ring, and swimming naked out into the ocean to commit suicide."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Meanwhile, Billy, traumatized by his experiences at war, commits suicide by injecting air into his veins."
}
] |
u2DG881dHRGef4z3uGAL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Coming Home premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where Voight won the award for Best Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home was theatrically released on February 15, 1978 to critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American romantic drama war film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones and from a story by Nancy Dowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Alan J. Pakula's Comes a Horseman (1978)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The film was released in the U.S. in February 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Coming Home was conceived by Jane Fonda as the first feature for her own production company, IPC Films (for Indochina Peace Campaign), with her associate producer Bruce Gilbert, a friend from her protest days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where it competed for the Palme d'Or, with Voight winning Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Critics praised its direction, screenplay and performances, while the film grossed $36 million worldwide against its $3 million budget, becoming the 15th highest-grossing film of 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Meanwhile, Billy, traumatized by his experiences at war, commits suicide by injecting air into his veins."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The film ends with Luke speaking to young men about his experience in Vietnam, intercut with Bob placing his neatly folded Marine dress uniform on the beach, taking off his wedding ring, and swimming naked out into the ocean to commit suicide."
}
] |
The 1978 film Coming Home has three suicides in it.
| 0 | 0 |
Coming Home (1978 film)
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Naver is also frequently referred to as 'the Google of South Korea'."
}
] |
u2nMsTx5FJQQG9SgkB1Z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "PRISM Live Studio",
"text": "Platforms supported includes YouTube, Facebook, Twitch, Periscope, V Live, Naver TV, afreecaTV, kakaoTV and RTMP channels."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver TV",
"text": "Naver TV (formerly Naver TV Cast) is a web broadcast network which mainly provides web dramas distributed by Naver."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Cafe",
"text": "Naver Cafe (Hangul: 네이버 카페) is a service that allows Naver users to create their own internet communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Blog",
"text": "Bloggers' appeared as a newly introduced career with the creation of the Naver blog."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Webtoon",
"text": "Naver has incorporated a 'Challenge' section which allows amateurs to post and promote their own works."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Encyclopedia",
"text": "Naver Encyclopedia consists of a professional database with over 3 million entries from many different encyclopedias."
},
{
"section_header": "Junior Naver",
"text": "Junior Naver offers services such as avatars, educational content, quizzes, videos, Q&A, and a homework helper."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Encyclopedia",
"text": "The Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia also deals with more than 100 public institutions and has received over 900 kinds of DBs."
},
{
"section_header": "Junior Naver",
"text": "Junior Naver (Hangul: 쥬니어 네이버), also known as Juniver (Hangul:쥬니버), is a portal website for children considered similar to Yahooligans."
},
{
"section_header": "Junior Naver",
"text": "Ever since its competitors Daum Kids and Yahoo Kids have closed down, Junior Naver is the only children's portal site operating in Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Naver is also frequently referred to as 'the Google of South Korea'."
}
] |
Naver is China's version of YouTube.
| 0 | 0 |
Naver
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Deborah Jane Trimmer was born on 30 September 1921 in Hillhead, Glasgow, the only daughter of Kathleen Rose (née Smale) and Capt."
}
] |
u3FQen8rz04yzo2rgzKm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two daughters, Melanie Jane (born 27 December 1947) and Francesca Ann (born 20 December 1951 and subsequently married to the actor John Shrapnel)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Deborah Jane Trimmer was born on 30 September 1921 in Hillhead, Glasgow, the only daughter of Kathleen Rose (née Smale) and Capt."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. Deborah Kerr. A Biography. McFarland, 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She adopted the name Deborah Kerr on becoming a film actress (\"Kerr\" was a family name going back to the maternal grandmother of her grandfather Arthur Kerr Trimmer)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr: Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author, (c) Penelope Andrew, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Theatre career",
"text": "Kerr repeated her role along with her stage partner John Kerr (no relation) in Vincente Minnelli's film adaptation of the drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Television",
"text": "For this performance, Kerr was nominated for an Emmy Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Kerr is buried in Alfold Cemetery, Alfold, Surrey."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Deborah Kerr. British Film Institute, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Deborah Kerr: An Actress in Search of an Author\"."
}
] |
Kerr was born and raised in Germany.
| 2 | 3 |
Deborah Kerr
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sculptor Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture's design and oversaw the project's execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son Lincoln Borglum."
}
] |
u3Mf6iErrncrhtMvyn9a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mount Rushmore National Memorial is centered on a colossal sculpture carved into the granite face of Mount Rushmore in the Black Hills in Keystone, South Dakota."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sculptor Gutzon Borglum created the sculpture's design and oversaw the project's execution from 1927 to 1941 with the help of his son Lincoln Borglum."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concept, design, and funding",
"text": "Borglum said upon seeing Mount Rushmore, \"America will march along that skyline."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction",
"text": "In 1933, the National Park Service took Mount Rushmore under its jurisdiction."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concept, design, and funding",
"text": "In 1924, Robinson persuaded sculptor Gutzon Borglum to travel to the Black Hills region to ensure the carving could be accomplished."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concept, design, and funding",
"text": "\"Borglum had been involved in sculpting the Confederate Memorial Carving, a massive bas-relief memorial to Confederate leaders on Stone Mountain in Georgia, but was in disagreement with the officials there."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and commemoration",
"text": "In 2020, Nick Tilsen, president of NDN Collective, an Indigenous-led organization dedicated to building Indigenous power, and a citizen of the Oglala Lakota Nation, stated, \"... we have refused to accept the settlement — an amount that has slowly accrued interest and is now well over $1 billion — because we won't settle for anything less than the full return of our lands as stipulated by the treaties our nations signed and agreed upon.\" On August 11, 1952, the U.S. Post Office issued the Mount Rushmore Memorial commemorative stamp on the 25th anniversary of the dedication of the Mount Rushmore National Memorial."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Geology",
"text": "Borglum selected Mount Rushmore as the site for several reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Gutzon Borglum died in March 1941, his son Lincoln took over as leader of the construction project."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Concept, design, and funding",
"text": "Historian Doane Robinson conceived the idea for Mount Rushmore in 1923 to promote tourism in South Dakota."
}
] |
Mount Rushmore National Memorial was designed by Gutzon Borglum.
| 0 | 0 |
Mount Rushmore National Memorial
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1975: Early life and the Jackson 5",
"text": "Michael Joseph Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, near Chicago, on August 29, 1958."
}
] |
u3QTp6DlvB2ZCtsu3xOM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "He was invited and honored by a President of the United States at the White House three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1975: Early life and the Jackson 5",
"text": "Katherine Jackson stated that although whipping is considered abuse in more modern times, it was a common way to discipline children when Michael was growing up."
},
{
"section_header": "Earnings",
"text": "In 2013, the executors of Jackson's estate filed a petition in the United States Tax Court as a result of a dispute with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) over US federal estate taxes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1997–2002: Label dispute and Invincible",
"text": "After 9/11, Jackson helped organize the United"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1991–1993: Dangerous, Heal the World Foundation, and Super Bowl XXVII halftime show",
"text": "During his trip to Ivory Coast, Jackson was crowned \"King Sani\" by a tribal chief."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1975: Early life and the Jackson 5",
"text": "In August 1967, while touring the East Coast, they won a weekly amateur night concert at the Apollo Theater in Harlem."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1982–1983: Thriller and Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever",
"text": "Jackson went on to record \"State of Shock\" with Mick Jagger for the Jacksons' album Victory (1984)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2006–2009: Closure of Neverland, final years, and This Is It",
"text": "It was not known what Jackson was working on, or who had paid for the sessions; his publicist stated that he had left Two Seas by then."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Themes and genres",
"text": "AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a paradoxical person."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 1992, he was invested as a titular king of Sanwi, a traditional kingdom located in the south-east of Ivory Coast."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1958–1975: Early life and the Jackson 5",
"text": "Michael Joseph Jackson was born in Gary, Indiana, near Chicago, on August 29, 1958."
}
] |
Michael Jackson is from the west coast of the United States.
| 2 | 4 |
Michael Jackson
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "From February 22, 1997, to January 1998, she was married to Cuban waiter Ojani Noa."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple postponed their nuptials indefinitely a day prior to the planned ceremony in September 2003, citing the media's interference with the event as the reason."
}
] |
u3TCs4WDuCkvXVImDiRF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On December 27, 1999, the couple was arrested along with two others in connection with a shooting outside a Times Square club."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2018–present: Hustlers and Super Bowl LIV halftime show",
"text": "Lopez will next star in Marry Me opposite Owen Wilson for Universal Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "From February 22, 1997, to January 1998, she was married to Cuban waiter Ojani Noa."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "After leaving Combs, Lopez developed a relationship with former back-up dancer Cris Judd, to whom she was married from September 29, 2001, to June 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In March 2019, they announced their engagement."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Two men attempted to ransom a private wedding video that was stolen from the couple for one million dollars; however, they were arraigned in Manhattan Criminal Court on charges of conspiracy, attempted grand larceny and possession of stolen property."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–2017: Television ventures and residency show",
"text": "Giuseppe for Jennifer Lopez launched in January 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–2017: Television ventures and residency show",
"text": "The residency has been lucrative, and Lopez signed a three-year contract which saw her perform 120 shows."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She described her next relationship, with her longtime friend, Marc Anthony (real name: Marco Antonio Muñiz), as an attempt to \"find someone who could make me feel loved and wanted in my loneliest hour ... Thinking back, maybe deep down I knew that this was a Band-Aid on the cut.\" She married Anthony that June, and lived in Brookville, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image",
"text": "She wrote: \"Forgive yourself if you are seeing Jennifer Lopez in your sleep."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The couple postponed their nuptials indefinitely a day prior to the planned ceremony in September 2003, citing the media's interference with the event as the reason."
}
] |
Jennifer Lopez has been married two times and has been engaged to three other men she did not marry.
| 1 | 2 |
Jennifer Lopez
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, Switzerland, where Leonhard spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia."
}
] |
u3hVxWtvDoMpnVMcYWKU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "He lived for 25 years in Berlin, where he wrote over 380 articles."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, Switzerland, where Leonhard spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "The Euler Archive was started at Dartmouth College before moving to the Mathematical Association of America and, most recently, to University of the Pacific in 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Saint Petersburg",
"text": "Of their thirteen children, only five survived childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "Concerned about the continuing turmoil in Russia, Euler left St. Petersburg on 19 June 1741 to take up a post at the Berlin Academy, which he had been offered by Frederick the Great of Prussia."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "Despite Euler's immense contribution to the Academy's prestige, he eventually incurred the ire of Frederick and ended up having to leave Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "In Berlin, he published the two works for which he would become most renowned: the Introductio in analysin infinitorum, a text on functions published in 1748, and the Institutiones calculi differentialis, published in 1755 on differential calculus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Euler's formal education started in Basel, where he was sent to live with his maternal grandmother."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "Euler wrote over 200 letters to her in the early 1760s, which were later compiled into a best-selling volume entitled Letters of Euler on different Subjects in Natural Philosophy Addressed to a German Princess."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Berlin",
"text": "In addition, Euler was asked to tutor Friederike Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt, the Princess of Anhalt-Dessau and Frederick's niece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia."
}
] |
Euler lived in Austria for most of his childhood before moving to Berlin.
| 2 | 4 |
Leonhard Euler
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "When Walter Alston, the manager, came to the mound to remove him from the game, Drysdale said, \"I bet right now you wish I was Jewish, too.\" The Dodgers lost the game to the Minnesota Twins 8-2 but went on to win the Series 4 games to 3."
}
] |
u3lSo6fX3C5hvXYDtkTL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Drysdale and Meyers had three children together: Don Junior (\"DJ\") (son), Darren (son), and Drew (daughter)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale was a good hitting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Drysdale was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Drysdale was replaced by Rick Monday in the broadcast booth."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "Drysdale remarked, \"Go get 'em, Dago!\" For the Sox, Drysdale broadcast Tom Seaver's 300th victory, against the host New York Yankees in 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "Drysdale on the call: Deep right field, way back."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1962, Drysdale won 25 games and the Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In the meantime, Drysdale filled in for Jackson on play-by-play for the early innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1990, Drysdale published his autobiography, Once a Bum, Always a Dodger."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Drysdale had apparently carried the tape with him wherever he went since Kennedy's murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "When Walter Alston, the manager, came to the mound to remove him from the game, Drysdale said, \"I bet right now you wish I was Jewish, too.\" The Dodgers lost the game to the Minnesota Twins 8-2 but went on to win the Series 4 games to 3."
}
] |
Don Drysdale was a Jew.
| 0 | 0 |
Don Drysdale
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1938, Makiki Field in Honolulu was renamed Cartwright Field."
}
] |
u5G6nIqWwPrdBA1AehoF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "1857 Laws of Base Ball",
"text": "The documents established the rules of the game, including - for the first time - nine innings, nine players on the field and 90-foot basepaths."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1938, Makiki Field in Honolulu was renamed Cartwright Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Knickerbocker Base Ball Club",
"text": "Alex Cartwright did not set the base paths at ninety feet, the sides at nine men, or the game at nine innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "Some secondary sources claim Cartwright set up a baseball field on the island of Oahu at Makiki Field in 1852, but Nucciarone states that before 1866, the modern game of baseball was not known or even played in Honolulu."
},
{
"section_header": "Knickerbocker Base Ball Club",
"text": "Baseball historian Jeffrey Kittel has concluded that none of the Knickerbocker Rules of 1845 was original, with the possible exception of three-out innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Knickerbocker Base Ball Club",
"text": "\" (In actual fact, all three were established by the inter-club Convention of 1857, eight years after Cartwright had left New York).The first clearly documented match between two baseball clubs under these rules took place on June 19, 1846, at Elysian Fields in Hoboken, New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Knickerbocker Base Ball Club",
"text": "One of the earliest known established clubs was the Gotham Base Ball Club, who played a brand of bat-and-ball game often called \"town ball\" or \"round ball,\" but in New York more usually \"base ball,\" similar but not identical to the English sport of rounders, on a field at 4th Avenue and 27th Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and work",
"text": "Cartwright was born in 1820 to Alexander Cartwright Sr. (1784–1855), a merchant sea captain, and Esther Rebecca Burlock Cartwright (1792–1871)."
},
{
"section_header": "Hawaii",
"text": "In Hawaii, sons Bruce Cartwright (1853–1919) and Alexander Joy Cartwright III (1855–1921) were born."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Jay Martin's Live All You Can: Alexander Joy Cartwright & the Invention of Modern Baseball supports Cartwright as the inventor of baseball, while Alexander Cartwright: The Life Behind the Baseball Legend by"
}
] |
Cartwright has a field rebranded in his honor.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Cartwright
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His music was largely ignored during his early life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years."
}
] |
u5qcDQI47k7eHntCma5o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Later in life, the quality of his music was publicly recognized, and he came to be regarded as an \"American original\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "While there, he championed Ives's music."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His brother Moss later became a lawyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bernstein continued to conduct Ives's music and made a number of recordings with the Philharmonic for Columbia Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives's work is regularly programmed in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical career",
"text": "It has four movements. A complete performance was not given until 1965 (i.e. half a century after it was completed and over a decade after Ives's death)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"At this time, Ives was also promoted by Bernard Herrmann, who worked as a conductor at CBS and in 1940 became principal conductor of the CBS Symphony Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Ives's piano recordings were later issued in 1974 by Columbia Records on a special LP set for his centenary."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "After seeing a copy of Ives's self-published 114 Songs during the 1930s, Copland published a newspaper article praising the collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He became a church organist at the age of 14 and wrote various hymns and songs for church services, including his Variations on \"America\", which he wrote for a Fourth of July concert in Brewster, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His music was largely ignored during his early life, and many of his works went unperformed for many years."
}
] |
Ives's music became famous and recognized immediately.
| 0 | 1 |
Charles Ives
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets."
}
] |
u5voABEhvheBqyC7Ey7s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "In the book, the girl's nickname is Mouche (\"fly\") rather than Lili."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "Kaper's setting of the song was performed by Caron and Mel Ferrer in the film; the performance was released on record and reached number 30 in the American charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It stars Leslie Caron as a touchingly naïve French girl whose emotional relationship with a carnival puppeteer is conducted through the medium of four puppets."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Soon, Marcus receives an offer to perform at the local casino and decides to leave the carnival, to the joy of Rosalie, who announces to everyone that she is his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lili is a 1953 American film released by MGM."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Lili is infatuated with him and follows him to the carnival, where on learning that she is 16, he helps her get a job as waitress."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Coming back to reality, Lili runs back to the carnival and into Paul's arms."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists: 2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs: \"Hi-Lili, Hi-Lo\"—Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | Love of Seven Dolls",
"text": "\" They embrace, and Milly decides to say goodbye to \"the outside world—reality—Fred Archer\" and live with Villeridge and his created \"Never-Never Land of the mind.\" \"In Paris in the spring of our times, a young girl was about to throw herself into the Seine.\" Thus opens the novella from which the film Lili and the musical Carnival was drawn."
},
{
"section_header": "Source text and sequel | The Man Who Hated People (short story)",
"text": "Not realizing that this encounter was her audition, she is surprised when a station representative meets her and tells her \"Your performance this afternoon came closest to what [Mr Villeridge] wants.\" She says \"But it actually wasn't a performance\", and is told \"Exactly."
}
] |
Lili was a film about a girl's relationship with a carnival performer.
| 1 | 5 |
Lili
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First, a fraudulent company, Crédit Mobilier, was created by Union Pacific executives to greatly inflate construction costs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The scandal negatively affected the careers of many politicians and nearly bankrupted Union Pacific."
}
] |
u6cvyN27TI8MngTLXxs5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crédit Mobilier scandal of 1867, which came to public attention in 1872, was a two-part fraud by the Union Pacific Railroad and the Crédit Mobilier of America construction company in the building of the eastern portion of the First Transcontinental Railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The scandal negatively affected the careers of many politicians and nearly bankrupted Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "This company had no relation to the French bank Crédit Mobilier, which at the time was one of the major financial institutions in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The second part involved using part of the excess cash and $9 million in discounted stock to bribe several Washington politicians for laws and regulatory rulings favorable to the Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "Nor was it revealed that in every major construction contract drawn up between the Union Pacific and Crédit Mobilier, the contract's terms, conditions, and price had been offered (by Crédit Mobilier) and accepted (by the Union Pacific) through the actions of corporate officers and directors who were one and the same persons."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | The scheme | Methodology",
"text": "The Union Pacific presented genuine and accurate invoices to the U.S. government, as evidence of actual construction costs incurred and billed to them by Crédit Mobilier of America for payment."
},
{
"section_header": "Transgression",
"text": "The high market value of the stock resulted from the superb performance of Crédit Mobilier of America as a corporation, which in turn succeeded due to its major contract with the Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "First, a fraudulent company, Crédit Mobilier, was created by Union Pacific executives to greatly inflate construction costs."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin",
"text": "In 1867, Congressman Oakes Ames distributed cash bribes and discounted shares of Crédit Mobilier stock to fellow congressmen and other politicians in exchange for votes and actions favorable to the Union Pacific."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "Bayard appeared to have been included as a way to make it appear that the scandal did not involve only Republicans; he wrote a letter disavowing any knowledge of the affair, and his name was generally dropped from the investigation."
}
] |
The Credit Mobilier of America scandal was based on a fake company that involved politicians and the Union Pacific.
| 0 | 1 |
Credit Mobilier of America scandal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Mary Ford (née Litogot; 1839–1876), was born in Michigan as the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when she was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns."
}
] |
u6unRWugaUH7OGhPwLV6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | World War I era",
"text": "In 1915, the pacifist Rosika Schwimmer gained favor with Ford, who agreed to fund a Peace Ship to Europe, where World War I was raging."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Symphonic composer Ferde Grofe composed a tone poem in Henry Ford's honor (1938)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "Nothing happened until 1945 when, with bankruptcy a serious risk, Ford's wife Clara and Edsel's widow Eleanor confronted him and demanded he cede control of the company to his grandson Henry Ford II."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Henry Ford's siblings were Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and Robert Ford (1873–1934)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model A and Ford's later career",
"text": "Henry Ford still resisted many technological innovations such as hydraulic brakes and all-metal roofs, which Ford vehicles did not adopt until 1935-36."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model A and Ford's later career",
"text": "Also at Edsel's insistence, Ford launched Mercury in 1939 as a mid-range make to challenge Dodge and Buick, although Henry also displayed relatively little enthusiasm for it."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal interests | Interest in materials science and engineering",
"text": "Henry Ford long had an interest in materials science and engineering."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model A and Ford's later career",
"text": "The flathead V8, variants of which were used in Ford vehicles for 20 years, was the result of a secret project launched in 1930 and Henry had initially considered a radical X-8 engine before agreeing to a conventional design."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Peace and war | The coming of World War II and Ford's mental collapse",
"text": "When Edsel Ford died of cancer in 1943, aged only 49, Henry Ford nominally resumed control of the company, but a series of strokes in the late 1930s had left him increasingly debilitated, and his mental ability was fading."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Ford Motor Company | Model T",
"text": "Henry retained final decision authority and sometimes reversed the decisions of his son."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother, Mary Ford (née Litogot; 1839–1876), was born in Michigan as the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when she was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns."
}
] |
Henry Ford's grandparents were from Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry Ford
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a player in 1913 and 1915 and from 1918 to 1929 for five big-league teams, Southworth took part in almost 1,200 games, fell just short of 1,300 hits and batted .297 lifetime."
}
] |
u7pbfqLnqwmXWLomiEs2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He had four older brothers who played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Southworth played more regularly in 1919, appearing in 121 games and leading the league with 14 triples."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "His 1929 MLB managerial debut was not much more successful than his playing stint."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Billy Southworth Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He played for the Birmingham Barons in 1917 and part of 1918, when he made the Pittsburgh Pirates and played in 64 major league games."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Southworth's cousin, Bill Southworth, appeared in the major leagues in 1964."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Late in the season, Southworth received word that Billy Jr. had been accidentally shot by a neighbor in Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "At the age of 19, he signed a contract with the Portsmouth team in the Ohio State League."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to the Cardinals",
"text": "However, another personal family tragedy struck when on February 15, 1945, his son, Billy Jr., by then a United States Army Air Forces major, died when his Boeing B-29 Superfortress crashed into Flushing Bay, New York after taking off from Mitchel Field, New York, on a training flight to Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a player in 1913 and 1915 and from 1918 to 1929 for five big-league teams, Southworth took part in almost 1,200 games, fell just short of 1,300 hits and batted .297 lifetime."
}
] |
Billy Southworth played for more than four teams in the majors.
| 1 | 3 |
Billy Southworth
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He began his career as a pitcher, playing for two separate minor league teams, the Newnan Cowetas of the Georgia–Alabama League and the Dothan club of the FLAG League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Born in Atlanta, Terry made his professional baseball debut in 1915 at the age of 16."
}
] |
u8DJG7yBiODKAtnz2RNG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "By this time, he was also beginning to play more in the field, pitching in 40 games and appearing in 55 other games."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Born in Atlanta, Terry made his professional baseball debut in 1915 at the age of 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Memphis Bill\", he is most remembered for being the last National League player to hit .400, a feat he accomplished by batting .401 in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Starting out in the majors",
"text": "In that game, he pinch-hit for Giants pitcher Rosy Ryan, going 0-for-1."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "After spending several years playing semi-professionally, Terry was picked up by the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | 1927: Breakout year",
"text": "On December 20, 1926, they traded Frisch and pitcher Jimmy Ring to the St. Louis Cardinals for Rogers Hornsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | History in the making",
"text": "This led to what is generally considered Terry's best season ever, 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He began his career as a pitcher, playing for two separate minor league teams, the Newnan Cowetas of the Georgia–Alabama League and the Dothan club of the FLAG League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | 1933: World Series championship",
"text": "In 1933, Terry's first full season as manager, the team won the National League pennant and the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball honors",
"text": "The Giants retired Terry's uniform no. 3 in 1984; it is posted on the facade of the upper deck in the left field corner of Oracle Park."
}
] |
At the beginning of Bill Terry's professional career , he played pitcher.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Terry
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Germanotta unsuccessfully auditioned for New York shows, though she did appear in a small role as a high school student in a 2001 episode of The Sopranos titled \"The Telltale Moozadell\"."
}
] |
u8Tg8cv68IR6weiWsEyx
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "I was really, really good at piano, so my first instincts were to work so hard at practicing piano, and I might not have been a natural dancer, but I am a natural musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "She also formed a band called the SGBand with some friends from NYU."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "'s Tisch School of the Arts, and lived in an NYU dorm."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "From the Pharaoh to Lady Gaga marking the 150th anniversary of the National Museum in Warsaw."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "Fusari collaborated with Gaga, who traveled daily to New Jersey, helping to develop her songs and compose new material."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Just go like this on the low end of the piano ..."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "She took piano lessons and practiced through her childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "Their live performance art piece, known as \"Lady Gaga and the Starlight Revue\" and billed as \"The Ultimate Pop Burlesque Rockshow\", was a tribute to 1970s variety acts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "Germanotta unsuccessfully auditioned for New York shows, though she did appear in a small role as a high school student in a 2001 episode of The Sopranos titled \"The Telltale Moozadell\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The name monstraparva alluded to Gaga's fans, known as \"little monsters\", since their symbol is the outstretched \"monster claw\" hand, which resembles a tightly rolled young fern leaf prior to unfurling."
}
] |
Prior to graduation from NYU, she composed a piano piece for The Sopranos, marking her first TV work.
| 4 | 6 |
Lady Gaga
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues."
}
] |
u8UTYrNG1aumKcn7XH13
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Construction and late 19th century",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "Because of heavy traffic on the roundabout of which the Arc is the centre, it is recommended that pedestrians use one of two underpasses located at the Champs Élysées and the Avenue de la Grande Armée."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (UK: , US: , French: [aʁk də tʁijɔ̃f də letwal] (listen); lit. '\" Triumphal Arch of the Star\"') is one of the most famous monuments in Paris, France, standing at the western end of the Champs-Élysées at the centre of Place Charles de Gaulle, formerly named Place de l'Étoile—the étoile or \"star\" of the juncture formed by its twelve radiating avenues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it is not named an Arc de Triomphe, it has been designed on the same model and in the perspective of the Arc de Triomphe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century",
"text": "After the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel and the Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile, the Grande Arche is the third arch built on the same perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The location of the arc, as well as the Place de l'Étoile, is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north), and 8th (east)."
},
{
"section_header": "Details",
"text": "The ceiling with 21 sculpted roses Interior of the Arc de Triomphe"
},
{
"section_header": "Access",
"text": "The Arc de Triomphe is accessible by the RER and Métro, with exit at the Charles de Gaulle—Étoile station."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The location of the arc and the plaza is shared between three arrondissements, 16th (south and west), 17th (north) and 8th (east)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "In late 2018, the Arc de Triomphe suffered acts of vandalism as part of the Yellow vests movement protests."
}
] |
The Arc de Triomphe is located on the right bank of the Seine at the centre of a dodecagonal configuration of twelve radiating avenues.
| 0 | 7 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt."
}
] |
u8UYpl7SAIJTeIUpDrNd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Amr Shabana and Ramy Ashour are Egypt's best players and both were ranked the world's number one squash player."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's best-known tourist attractions; it is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "In 2001, the national handball team achieved its best result in the tournament by reaching fourth place."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Egypt has won in the African Men's Handball Championship five times, being the best team in Africa."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Among all African nations, the Egypt national basketball team holds the record for best performance at the Basketball World Cup and at the Summer Olympics."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "They're known as the \"African Club of the Century\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Football is the most popular national sport of Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "Squash and tennis are other popular sports in Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sports",
"text": "The Egyptian national football team, known as the Pharaohs, won the African Cup of Nations seven times, including three times in a row in 2006, 2008, and 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt."
}
] |
Egypt's best known sport is soccer.
| 0 | 0 |
Egypt
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "As a teenager, he developed a skill in creating makeup, which enabled him to play much older characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His acting quality, usually playing a powerful character, such as the lead in Scarface (1932), was partly a result of his intense preparation for his parts, often immersing himself in study of the real character's traits and mannerisms."
}
] |
u8giJalClph3Ai19LH8J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also highly skilled in using makeup techniques, a talent he learned from his parents, who were also actors, and from his early years on stage with the Yiddish theater in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "\"As Muni was born into an acting family, with both of his parents professional actors, \"he learned his craft carefully and thoroughly."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "A biography titled Actor: The Life and Times of Paul Muni (1974) was written by Jerome Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "A film musical, Actor: The Paul Muni Story (1978) was made of his life, with Herschel Bernardi starring."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Edward G. Robinson and Paul Muni were cousins to Charles M. Fritz, who was a notable actor during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He learned Yiddish as his first language."
},
{
"section_header": "Hollywood",
"text": "His name was simplified and anglicized to Paul Muni (he had the nickname \"Moony\" when young)."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting techniques, reputation, and legacy",
"text": "Muni was widely recognized as eccentric if talented: he objected to anyone wearing red in his presence, and he could often be found between sessions playing his violin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Muni (born Frederich Meshilem Meier Weisenfreund; September 22, 1895– August 25, 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American stage and film actor who grew up in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Franklin Roosevelt was always president, Joe Louis was always the champ, and Paul Muni played everybody."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "As a teenager, he developed a skill in creating makeup, which enabled him to play much older characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His acting quality, usually playing a powerful character, such as the lead in Scarface (1932), was partly a result of his intense preparation for his parts, often immersing himself in study of the real character's traits and mannerisms."
}
] |
Paul Muni was a talented actor in makeup, learning to cover his facial scars.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Muni
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The sixth and final part (chapter 32 and on) remains in the story's present, but takes a much darker turn and spends the remaining chapters focusing on the serious and brutal nature of war and life in general."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The fourth (chapters 26–28) flashes back to the origins and growth of Milo's syndicate, with the fifth part (chapter 28–32) returning again to the narrative present and maintaining the tone of the previous four."
}
] |
u9FuC9OyWt5ct1syTprt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Catch-22 is a satirical war novel by American author Joseph Heller."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In Chapter 41 the full details of the gruesome death of Snowden are finally revealed."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The anti-war reputation of the novel was fueled instead by the pacifist, anti-war ethos among young Americans surrounding the Vietnam War."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Many of the similarities have been stated to be attributable to the authors' experiences, both having served as U.S. Army Air Forces aircrew in Italy in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The fourth (chapters 26–28) flashes back to the origins and growth of Milo's syndicate, with the fifth part (chapter 28–32) returning again to the narrative present and maintaining the tone of the previous four."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Catch-22 seemed to embody the feelings that young people had toward the Vietnam War."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Falstein never raised the issue between Catch-22's publication and his death in 1995 and Heller claimed never to have been aware of the obscure novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Although Catch-22 is considered by many to be an anti-war novel, Heller stated in a talk he gave at the New York Public Library on August 31, 1998 that he and the other men he knew in World War II considered the war to be \"noble\" and \"nobody really objected to fighting it\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "In a 1977 essay on Catch-22, Heller stated that the \"antiwar and antigovernment feelings in the book\" were a product of the Korean War and the 1950s rather than World War II itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "The opening chapter of the novel was originally published in New World Writing as Catch-18 in 1955, but Heller's agent, Candida Donadio, requested that he change the title of the novel, so it would not be confused with another recently published World War II novel, Leon Uris's Mila 18."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The sixth and final part (chapter 32 and on) remains in the story's present, but takes a much darker turn and spends the remaining chapters focusing on the serious and brutal nature of war and life in general."
}
] |
Catch-22 is a satirical war novel by American author Joseph Heller changing narrative states as the tone toward the end details a gruesome death and is more brutal.
| 0 | 0 |
Catch-22
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He favored unconventional tactics, frequently winning cities over by treachery or negotiation rather than by siege."
}
] |
u9IU5L0a4aqfRPJe1kzM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recall to Athens | Reinstatement as an Athenian General",
"text": "According to the historian, Alcibiades had long known that Tissaphernes never meant to bring the fleet at all."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ancient Greek: Ἀλκιβιάδης , romanized: Alkibiádēs, [alkibiádɛːs]; (c. 450–404 BC), from the deme of Scambonidae, was a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "Lysias, on the other hand, argued in one of his orations that the Athenians should regard Alcibiades as an enemy because of the general tenor of his life, as \"he repays with injury the open assistance of any of his friends\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Skill in oratory",
"text": "Therefore, the orator was \"the institution of the city talking to—and loving—itself\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He favored unconventional tactics, frequently winning cities over by treachery or negotiation rather than by siege."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to Athens, dismissal, and death | Defeat at Notium",
"text": "He failed to take Andros and then he went on to Samos."
},
{
"section_header": "Recall to Athens | Reinstatement as an Athenian General",
"text": "The army, stating that they had not revolted from the city but that the city had revolted from them, resolved to stand by the democracy while continuing to prosecute the war against Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He then served as an Athenian general (Strategos) for several years, but his enemies eventually succeeded in exiling him a second time."
},
{
"section_header": "Recall to Athens | Further military successes",
"text": "From here Alcibiades joined in the siege of Byzantium along with Theramenes and Thrasyllus."
},
{
"section_header": "Assessments | Political career",
"text": "Central to the depiction of the Athenian statesman is Cornelius Nepos' famous phrase that Alcibiades \"surpassed all the Athenians in grandeur and magnificence of living\"."
}
] |
The Athenian statesman, orator, and general Alcibiades was known for taking siege to enemy cities.
| 0 | 1 |
Alcibiades
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word, brand, derives from its original and current meaning as a firebrand, a burning piece of wood."
}
] |
u9L10tfNZ3AFx1890YAm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Global brand variables | Brand name | Types of brand names",
"text": "Brand names come in many styles."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Social media brands",
"text": "This is an age where so many youngsters are coming forward to start their own ventures."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Attitude branding and iconic brands",
"text": "Brands whose value to consumers comes primarily from having identity value are said to be \"identity brands\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Through that association, the term eventually acquired its current meaning."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multibranding strategy",
"text": "Although, certain large multiband companies have come across that the cost and difficulty of implementing a multibranding strategy can overshadow the benefits."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the European Middle Ages, heraldry developed a language of visual symbolism which would feed into the evolution of branding, and with the rise of the merchant's guilds the use of marks resurfaced and was applied to specific types of goods."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand recognition",
"text": "Brand recognition (also known as aided brand recall) refers to consumers' ability to correctly differentiate a brand when they come into contact with it."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand elements | Brand communication",
"text": "Therefore, when looking to communicate a brand with chosen consumers, companies should investigate a channel of communication which is most suitable for their short-term and long-term aims and should choose a method of communication which is most likely to adhere to by their chosen consumers."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The marks themselves took on the term and came to be closely associated with craftsmen's products."
},
{
"section_header": "Doppelgänger brand image (DBI)",
"text": "The term stems from the combination of the German words doppel (double) and gänger (walker)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word, brand, derives from its original and current meaning as a firebrand, a burning piece of wood."
}
] |
The term "brand" comes from Italic languages.
| 0 | 1 |
Brand
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Orphaned early in his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for many years and attended grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte."
}
] |
u9xOCYbwSzxRvxshB0nl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Orphaned early in his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for many years and attended grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Then, he enrolled in Almonte High School, in Almonte, Ontario, from which he graduated in 1883.In the same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On November 19 of that year, Naismith suffered a major brain hemorrhage and died 9 days later in his home in Lawrence."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He was 78 years old. Coincidentally, Naismith died 8 months after the birth of the NCAA Basketball Championship, which today has evolved to one of the biggest sports events in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "When Naismith returned, he commented that seeing the game played by many nations was the greatest compensation he could have received for his invention."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He never had a middle name and never signed his name with an \"A\" initial."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The \"A\" was added by someone in administration at the University of Kansas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Struggling in school but gifted in farm labour, Naismith spent his days outside playing catch, hide-and-seek, or duck on a rock, a medieval game in which a person guards a large drake stone from opposing players, who try to knock it down by throwing smaller stones at it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "To play duck on a rock most effectively, Naismith soon found that a soft lobbing shot was far more effective than a straight hard throw, a thought that later proved essential for the invention of basketball."
}
] |
James Naismith was orphaned early in life and lived with his aunt and uncle for many years.
| 2 | 6 |
James Naismith
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On June 9, 2020, Just Eat Takeaway, a European food delivery service, announced an agreement to buy Grubhub for $7.3 billion in stock."
}
] |
u9z7e1AWodh0YExNGsf1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "North American headquarters would remain in Chicago with Grubhub founder, Matt Maloney, joining the board of directors and heading North American operations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Delivery",
"text": "In February 2020, the company announced the launch of its new Grubhub+ monthly subscription program, which offers free, unlimited food delivery from partner restaurants for monthly fee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Grubhub Inc. is an American online and mobile prepared food ordering and delivery platform that connects diners with local restaurants."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "On May 12, 2020, Uber announced that it was approaching Grubhub with a takeover offer."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Announced acquisition",
"text": "However, on June 9, 2020, Just Eat Takeaway announced it would be purchasing Grubhub for $7.3 billion in an all-stock deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On June 9, 2020, Just Eat Takeaway, a European food delivery service, announced an agreement to buy Grubhub for $7.3 billion in stock."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Seamless history",
"text": "The company then changed its name from SeamlessWeb to Seamless."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company is based in Chicago, Illinois and was founded in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Delivery",
"text": "As of 2016, the company was delivering in more than 50 markets across the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy | Allegations of monopolistic behavior",
"text": "In April 2020, a group of New Yorkers sued DoorDash, GrubHub, Postmates, and Uber Eats, accusing them of using their market power monopolistically by only listing restaurants on their apps if the restaurant owners signed contracts which include clauses that require prices be the same for dine-in customers as for customers receiving delivery."
}
] |
The American company Grubhub was bought in 2020.
| 0 | 0 |
Grubhub
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "A radio announcer gave him the nickname \"Sparky\" in 1955 for his feisty play."
}
] |
uA3hI3V0ZxND7u9rBmPO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Even after White Sox groundskeepers removed debris from the field, Anderson refused to let the Tigers take the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Now no one will ever question me again."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Anderson was famous for always stepping over the foul line, never on it when entering or leaving the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Anderson moved on to the young Detroit Tigers after being hired as their new manager on June 14, 1979."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "He was not only concerned for the safety of his players, but believed the field was unplayable."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 2006, construction was completed on the \"Sparky Anderson Baseball Field\" at California Lutheran University's new athletic complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Phillies gave Anderson their starting second base job, and he spent what would be his one full season in the major leagues in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Anderson had used his influence to attract notable players to the university baseball team, and he was also awarded the Laundry Medal by the university for being \"an inspiration to youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Within days of being hired in Anaheim, he was offered the opportunity to succeed Dave Bristol as manager of the Cincinnati Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Honors",
"text": "\" In his acceptance speech he gave a lot of credit to his players, saying there were two kinds of managers, \"One, it ain't very smart."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "A radio announcer gave him the nickname \"Sparky\" in 1955 for his feisty play."
}
] |
Anderson earned his epithet "Sparky" from being spunky on the field.
| 0 | 3 |
Sparky Anderson
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Krishna."
}
] |
uACM5P1baIF8DKEO8Fx0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gita is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Pandava prince Arjuna and his guide and charioteer Krishna."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Narrative",
"text": "The Gita is a dialogue between Krishna and Arjuna right before the start of the climactic Kurukshetra War in the Hindu epic Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Narrative",
"text": "though set in the war context in a major epic, the narrative is structured for the abstract to all situations; it wrestles with questions about \"who we are, how we should live our lives, and how should we act in the world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Narrative",
"text": "The compiled dialogue goes far beyond the \"a rationale for war\", it touches on many human ethical dilemmas, philosophical issues and life's choices."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Narrative",
"text": "The Pandava prince Arjuna asks his charioteer Krishna to drive to the center of the battlefield so that he can get a good look at both the armies and all those \"so eager for war\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 1 (46 verses)",
"text": "Arjuna requests Krishna to move the chariot between the two armies so he can see those \"eager for this war\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Narrative",
"text": "He turns to his charioteer and guide Krishna, for advice on the rationale for war, his choices and the right thing to do."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Krishna–Arjuna dialogues cover a broad range of spiritual topics, touching upon ethical dilemmas and philosophical issues that go far beyond the war Arjuna faces."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 5 (29 verses)",
"text": "Arjuna asks Krishna which path is better."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Chapters | Chapter 1 (46 verses)",
"text": "With Arjuna is Krishna, not as a participant in the war, but only as his charioteer and counsel."
}
] |
It is set in a narrative framework of a dialogue between Arjuna and Krishna.
| 1 | 4 |
Bhagavadgita
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Society | Religion",
"text": "Officially, North Korea is an atheist state."
}
] |
uAPOXHefSFNdmPRwtIxz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Post-war developments",
"text": "In United States policymaking, North Korea was considered among the Captive Nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, G77 and the ASEAN Regional Forum."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Both governments consider themselves to be the legitimate government of the whole of Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In addition to being a member of the United Nations since 1991, North Korea is also a member of the Non-Aligned Movement, G77 and the ASEAN Regional Forum."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "North Korea has a number of special economic zones (SEZs) and Special Administrative Regions where foreign companies can operate with tax and tariff incentives while North Korean establishments gain access to improved technology."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The Kaesong Industrial Region is a special economic zone where more than 100 South Korean companies employ some 52,000 North Korean workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Science and technology",
"text": "The government considers science and technology to be directly linked to economic development."
},
{
"section_header": "Society | Health",
"text": "Quality of medical care varies significantly by region and is often low, with severe shortages of equipment, drugs and anesthetics."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "All publishing houses are owned by the government or the WPK because they are considered an important tool for propaganda and agitation."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "For this reason, the people do not consider themselves as 'North Koreans' but as Koreans in the same divided country as their compatriots in the South and foreign visitors are discouraged from using the former term."
},
{
"section_header": "Society | Religion",
"text": "Officially, North Korea is an atheist state."
}
] |
North Korea is considered a nonreligious region.
| 0 | 0 |
North Korea
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has a luminosity over 10,000 times the luminosity of the Sun, is eight times as massive, and has expanded to 71 times the Sun's radius."
}
] |
uAksEgjlM0AZ3eyZ6aV7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Spectrum",
"text": "Balmer line profiles and oxygen line strengths indicate the size and luminosity of Canopus."
},
{
"section_header": "Observation",
"text": "No star closer than Canopus is more luminous than it, and it has been the brightest star in Earth's night sky during three epochs over the past four million years."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "The radius and temperature relative to the Sun means that it is 10,700 times more luminous than the Sun, and its position in the H-R diagram relative to theoretical evolutionary tracks means that it is 8.0±0.3 times as massive as the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in navigation",
"text": "Mariner 4 used Canopus for second axis stabilisation (after locking on the Sun) in 1964, the first time a star had been used."
},
{
"section_header": "Physical characteristics",
"text": "Combined with distance calculated from its Hipparcos parallax, this gives it a radius of 71 times that of the Sun."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Located around 310 light-years from the Sun, Canopus is a bright giant of spectral type A9 or F0, so it is essentially white when seen with the naked eye."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has a luminosity over 10,000 times the luminosity of the Sun, is eight times as massive, and has expanded to 71 times the Sun's radius."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in navigation",
"text": "The effects of precession will take Canopus within 10° of the south celestial pole around the year 14,000 CE.Many spacecraft carry a special camera known as a \"Canopus Star Tracker\" plus a Sun sensor for attitude determination."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance | Legacy",
"text": "There are at least two mountains named after the star: Mount Canopus in Antarctica; and Mount Canopus or Canopus Hill in Tasmania, the location of the Canopus Hill astronomical observatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "The position of Canopus in the H"
}
] |
Canopus is sized similarly to the Earth's Sun.
| 1 | 4 |
Canopus
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rationale",
"text": "At his death in 1799, he left a critical legacy: Washington was the unchallenged public icon of American military and civic patriotism."
}
] |
uAuH7xXSdbVvsUrr8z6d
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Dedication",
"text": "President Arthur proclaimed: I do now .... in behalf of the people, receive this monument .... and declare it dedicated from this time forth to the immortal name and memory of George Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Memorial stones",
"text": "Many of the stones donated for the monument carried inscriptions which did not commemorate George Washington."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Cornerstone",
"text": "The memorabilia in the zinc case included items associated with the monument, the city of Washington, the national government, state governments, benevolent societies, and George Washington, plus miscellaneous publications, both governmental and commercial, a coin set, and a Bible, totaling 73 items or collections of items, as well as 71 newspapers containing articles relating to George Washington or the monument."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Washington Monument is an obelisk on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate George Washington, once commander-in-chief of the Continental Army (1775–1784), in the American Revolutionary War and the first President of the United States (1789–1797)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rationale",
"text": "At his death in 1799, he left a critical legacy: Washington was the unchallenged public icon of American military and civic patriotism."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Excavation and initial construction",
"text": "Two years later, on a torrid July 4, 1850, George Washington Parke Custis (1781–1857), the adopted son of George Washington and grandson of Martha Washington (1731–1802), dedicated a stone from the people of the District of Columbia to the Monument at a ceremony that 12th President Zachary Taylor (1784–1850, served 1849–1850) attended, just five days before he died from food poisoning."
},
{
"section_header": "Transit",
"text": "The Washington Monument is served by the Smithsonian metro station."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Construction | Post–Civil War",
"text": "Both the Washington National Monument Society and Congress held discussions about how the monument should be finished."
},
{
"section_header": "Components | Cornerstone",
"text": "The hole was covered by a copper plate inscribed with the date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776), the date the cornerstone was laid (July 4, 1848), and the names of the managers of the Washington National Monument Society."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later history",
"text": "New exhibits celebrating the life of George Washington, and the monument's place in history, were also added."
}
] |
The Washington Monument is a monument that was named after the iconic George Washington.
| 3 | 9 |
Washington Monument
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Wilber \"Bullet\" Rogan, also known as \"Bullet Joe\" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938."
}
] |
uAvD0ubCFylBhnEBglrd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogan's early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Wilber \"Bullet\" Rogan, also known as \"Bullet Joe\" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher and outfielder for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Army and the 25th Infantry Wreckers",
"text": "He was specifically recruited to play for the regiment's famous baseball team, known as the \"Wreckers.\" He made his debut with the Wreckers on July 4, 1915."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics | California Winter League",
"text": "Rogan's team won the championship every year."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "On April 29, 1930, in Enid, Oklahoma, Rogan played for the Monarchs in baseball's first night game."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became a playing manager in 1926 and led his team to another league title in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The Baseball Hall of Fame first admitted Negro league players in the 1970s, but did not honor Rogan until 1998, 31 years after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He began his baseball career there in 1911 as a catcher with Fred Palace's Colts, a semipro team composed mostly of teenagers."
},
{
"section_header": "Rogan as player and manager",
"text": "And don't think Rogan was nicknamed \"Bullet\" for nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Army and the 25th Infantry Wreckers",
"text": "However, Rogan had already played in the California Winter League and for Wilkinson's All-Nations team in 1917, and had already been noted by African American newspapers as early as 1916."
}
] |
Bullet Rogan's first name was Charles and he only played for 1 baseball team.
| 0 | 0 |
Bullet Rogan
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brouthers was born in Sylvan Lake, New York, to Michael and Annie Brooder, Catholic immigrants from Ireland; upon arriving in New York, Michael Brooder had been recruited to Dutchess County to work in open pit iron mines in the town of Beekman."
}
] |
uB3nBAbcGR8PJaOEpPD7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dennis Joseph \"Dan\" Brouthers (; May 8, 1858 – August 2, 1932) was an American first baseman in Major League Baseball whose career spanned the period from 1879 to 1896, with a brief return in 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nicknamed \"Big Dan\" for his size, he was 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) and weighed 207 pounds (94 kg), which was large by 19th-century standards."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brouthers may have been named after Saint Denis, as a local Catholic church by that name was founded in the same year.:4 Brouthers had siblings named Martin, Ellen and Margaret.:4–5"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The 19-year-old Brouthers was cleared of any wrongdoing by the authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Detroit and The Brotherhood",
"text": "Brouthers was then purchased by the Boston Beaneaters of the NL on October 16."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Later career",
"text": "Brouthers is still among the all-time leaders in many offensive categories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Brouthers was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Troy",
"text": "Brouthers lost 16–0, and within two weeks he was released from the club."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The spelling of the family's name gradually shifted from Brooder to Bruder to Brouthers by 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League career | Detroit and The Brotherhood",
"text": "Brouthers' numbers declined as well, as he did not produce at the same level of his previous seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Brouthers was born in Sylvan Lake, New York, to Michael and Annie Brooder, Catholic immigrants from Ireland; upon arriving in New York, Michael Brooder had been recruited to Dutchess County to work in open pit iron mines in the town of Beekman."
}
] |
Dan Brouthers was English descant.
| 0 | 2 |
Dan Brouthers
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing | Break with Paramount",
"text": "On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing | Break with Paramount",
"text": "In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company) Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views."
}
] |
uBChdM2eAS0MvPOH5YP5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Scientology's purported influence on Cruise",
"text": "Such restructuring was seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the controversy surrounding his relationship with Katie Holmes."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Acting",
"text": "The film was well-received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as Julian Sands was her first choice."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | \"Tom Cruise Picture\"",
"text": "Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, [screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing | Break with Paramount",
"text": "In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company) Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing",
"text": "Cruise has produced several films in which he appeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing",
"text": "Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess."
},
{
"section_header": "Litigation",
"text": "The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In his senior year of high school, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Scientology | Scientology's purported influence on Cruise",
"text": "DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Producing | Break with Paramount",
"text": "On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise."
}
] |
Tom Cruise had his producer cut ties with him after his not well received public behaviour.
| 2 | 5 |
Tom Cruise
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "In February 1978, the band, desperate for money, was asked to do a commercial for Wrigley's Spearmint chewing gum (directed by Tony Scott) on the condition they dye their hair blond."
}
] |
uBj1GBUA2AO1MDRxEamO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "While still maintaining the main band and attempting to win over punk audiences, Police members continued to moonlight within the art rock scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "Few punk bands were three-pieces, while contemporary bands pursuing progressive rock, symphonic rock and other sound trends usually expanded their line-ups with support players."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "The bleached-blond hair that became a band trademark happened by accident."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Rock and Roll Hall of Fame",
"text": "The Police were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame on 10 March 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Police were an English rock band formed in London in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "Curved Air had recently split up and Copeland, inspired by the contemporary punk rock movement, was eager to form a new band and join the burgeoning London punk scene."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "Near the end of the concert, Sting announced: \"We'd like to thank the Beatles for lending us their stadium.\" Looking back, Copeland states, \"Playing Shea Stadium was big because, even though I'm a septic tank (rhyming slang for 'Yank'), The Police is an English band"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" The Police disbanded in 1986, but reunited in early 2007 for a one-off world tour that ended in August 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2008: Reunion tour",
"text": "In February 2008, the band announced that, when the tour finished, they would break up again."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1983: Synchronicity and \"The Biggest Band in the World\"",
"text": "By that time, several critics deemed them \"the biggest rock band in the world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1977: Formation",
"text": "In February 1978, the band, desperate for money, was asked to do a commercial for Wrigley's Spearmint chewing gum (directed by Tony Scott) on the condition they dye their hair blond."
}
] |
The members of the rock band The Police ended up as blonds when cast in an advertisement.
| 0 | 0 |
The Police
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harmon Clayton Killebrew Jr. (; June 29, 1936 – May 17, 2011), nicknamed ’The Killer’ and ’Hammerin' Harmon’, was an American professional baseball first baseman, third baseman, and left fielder."
}
] |
uD6Vr6185OlrOpslzc8q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Legacy",
"text": "I'd call a tough strike on him and he would turn around and say approvingly, \"Good call.\" And he was the same way in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Legacy",
"text": "He was one of the few players who would go out of his way to compliment umpires on a good job, even if their calls went against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Legacy",
"text": "As I crossed the plate, House said, 'That's the last time I ever tell you what pitch is coming."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minnesota Twins | 1961–1965",
"text": "He hit under .200 in both April and June, and because of this Killebrew was not selected to play in either 1962 All-Star Game, the last season he was not named an All-Star before 1972."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Legacy",
"text": "Reggie Jackson once said, \"If Harmon Killebrew isn't the league's best player, I've never seen one.\" The street along the south side of the Mall of America, the former site of Metropolitan Stadium, in Bloomington, Minnesota was named \"Killebrew Drive\" in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minnesota Twins | 1961–1965",
"text": "Killebrew was named to both 1961 All-Star games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minnesota Twins | 1966–1969",
"text": "Baltimore avoided Killebrew by walking him six times in the three games to avoid pitching to him, which was as many times as they walked the rest of the Twins team."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-career",
"text": "He moved to Scottsdale, Arizona in 1990, where he chaired the Harmon Killebrew Foundation, which he created in 1998."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born and raised in Payette, Idaho, Killebrew was youngest of four children of Harmon Clayton Sr."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minnesota Twins | 1970–1974",
"text": "Killebrew appeared in his last All-Star Game in 1971, hitting a two-run home run off Ferguson Jenkins to provide the margin of victory for the AL."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harmon Clayton Killebrew Jr. (; June 29, 1936 – May 17, 2011), nicknamed ’The Killer’ and ’Hammerin' Harmon’, was an American professional baseball first baseman, third baseman, and left fielder."
}
] |
Harmon Killebrew was called "The Killer" because of his last name and the way he destroyed batters when he pitched from the mound.
| 4 | 7 |
Harmon Killebrew
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Child actor",
"text": "He made his first film appearance at age six in 1926, in the short Not to be Trusted."
}
] |
uDYPZ85I1jEBFAa1IapW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Mickey McGuire",
"text": "Rooney got the role and became \"Mickey\" for 78 of the films, running from 1927 to 1936, starting with Mickey's Circus (1927), his first starring role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | World War II and later career",
"text": "What's My Line and mentioned that he had already started enrolling students in the MRSE (Mickey Rooney School of Entertainment)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Character roles and Broadway comeback | Television roles",
"text": "Rooney did voice acting from time to time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Child actor",
"text": "Rooney's parents separated when he was four years old in 1924, and he and his mother moved to Hollywood the following year from Greenpoint, Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule Jr.; September 23, 1920 – April 6, 2014) was an American actor, vaudevillian, comedian, producer and radio personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Mickey McGuire",
"text": "His mother saw an advertisement for a child to play the role of \"Mickey McGuire\" in a series of short films."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "Rooney died on April 6, 2014 of natural causes, including complications from diabetes, in Los Angeles at the age of 93."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years",
"text": "\"An October 2015 article in The Hollywood Reporter maintained that Rooney was frequently abused and financially depleted by his closest relatives in the last years of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years",
"text": "Despite the millions of dollars that he earned over the years, such as his $65,000 a week earnings from Sugar Babies, Rooney was plagued by financial problems late in life."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Character roles and Broadway comeback | Television roles",
"text": "His acting quality in the film has been favorably compared to other actors who took on similar roles, including Sean Penn, Dustin Hoffman and Tom Hanks."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Child actor",
"text": "He made his first film appearance at age six in 1926, in the short Not to be Trusted."
}
] |
Mickey Rooney started his acting career at 6 years old.
| 1 | 3 |
Mickey Rooney
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group were already using the name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They used this name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a brief tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer and fellow Liverpudlian Johnny Gentle."
}
] |
uDgDLVQo0wIpO6SQapFY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "Harrison called Rubber Soul his \"favourite album\" and Starr referred to it as \"the departure record\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | Genres",
"text": "Reflecting the range of styles they explored, Lennon said of Beatles for Sale, \"You could call our new one a Beatles country-and-western LP\", while Gould credits Rubber Soul as \"the instrument by which legions of folk-music enthusiasts were coaxed into the camp of pop\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "As a soundtrack for Cirque du Soleil's Las Vegas Beatles stage revue, Love, George Martin and his son Giles remixed and blended 130 of the band's recordings to create what Martin called \"a way of re-living the whole Beatles musical lifespan in a very condensed period\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Originally intended for a one-hour television programme to be called Beatles at Work, in the event much of the album's content came from studio work beginning in January 1969, many hours of which were captured on film by director Michael Lindsay-Hogg."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Musicologist and author Ian MacDonald calls the album \"erratic and often hollow\", despite the \"semblance of unity and coherence\" offered by the medley."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group were already using the name."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Describing Let It Be as the \"only Beatles album to occasion negative, even hostile reviews\", Unterberger calls it \"on the whole underrated\"; he singles out \"some good moments of straight hard rock in 'I've Got a Feeling' and 'Dig a Pony'\", and praises \"Let It Be\", \"Get Back\", and \"the folky 'Two of Us', with John and Paul harmonising"
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development | In the studio",
"text": "Harrison echoed Martin's description of his stabilising role: \"I think we just grew through those years together, him as the straight man and us as the loonies; but he was always there for us to interpret our madness – we used to be slightly avant-garde on certain days of the week, and he would be there as the anchor person, to communicate that through the engineers and on to the tape.\" Making innovative use of technology while expanding the possibilities of recorded music, the Beatles urged experimentation by Martin and his recording engineers."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "It was dismissed as \"blatant rubbish\" by the Daily Express; the Daily Mail called it \"a colossal conceit\"; and The Guardian labelled the film \"a kind of fantasy morality play about the grossness and warmth and stupidity of the audience\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Sunday Telegraph critic Penelope Gilliatt called it \"a very bad film and a touching one ... about the breaking apart of this reassuring, geometrically perfect, once apparently ageless family of siblings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They used this name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a brief tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer and fellow Liverpudlian Johnny Gentle."
}
] |
The Beatles were always called The Beatles.
| 0 | 0 |
The Beatles
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The epic is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyāsa, who is also a major character in the epic."
}
] |
uDxSL8pv7Jj7DqDA3Qxu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Jain version",
"text": "The main battle is not the Mahabharata, but the fight between Krishna and Jarasandha (who is killed by Krishna)."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "Another notable difference is the inclusion of the Punakawans, the clown servants of the main characters in the storyline."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Vyasa fathers a third son, Vidura, by the maid."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The epic is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyāsa, who is also a major character in the epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Accretion and redaction",
"text": "The Vasu version would omit the frame settings and begin with the account of the birth of Vyasa."
},
{
"section_header": "Kuru family tree",
"text": "b: Pandu and Dhritarashtra were fathered by Vyasa in the niyoga tradition after Vichitravirya's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Translations",
"text": "An early poetry translation by Romesh Chunder Dutt and published in 1898 condenses the main themes of the Mahābhārata into English verse."
},
{
"section_header": "Kuru family tree",
"text": "Dhritarashtra, Pandu and Vidura were the sons of Vyasa with Ambika, Ambalika and a maid servant respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions",
"text": "The Mahābhārata of Vyasa (18 volumes), transcreated from Sanskrit by P. Lal, Writers Workshop."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The Pandava and Kaurava princes",
"text": "Due to the physical challenges of the first two children, Satyavati asks Vyasa to try once again."
}
] |
Vyasa is a main chartacter in this epic.
| 2 | 4 |
Mahabharata
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original 7 World Trade Center was 47 stories tall, clad in red granite masonry, and occupied a trapezoidal footprint."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building is 52 stories tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 28th-tallest in New York."
}
] |
uE91sMPR9ayElrrUff1m
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "7 World Trade Center (7 WTC) refers to two buildings that have existed at the same location within the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "The building opened in May 1987, becoming the seventh structure of the World Trade Center.7 World Trade Center was constructed above a two-story Con Edison substation that had been located on the site since 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "Two pedestrian bridges connected the main World Trade Center complex, across Vesey Street, to the third floor of 7 World Trade Center."
},
{
"section_header": "New building",
"text": "The new 7 World Trade Center has 52 stories and is 741 ft (226 m) tall."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "The original 7 World Trade Center was a 47-story building, designed by Emery Roth & Sons, with a red granite facade."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The original 7 World Trade Center was 47 stories tall, clad in red granite masonry, and occupied a trapezoidal footprint."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The collapse made the old 7 World Trade Center the first steel skyscraper known to have collapsed primarily due to uncontrolled fires."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "The structural design of 7 World Trade Center therefore included a system of gravity column transfer trusses and girders, located between floors 5 and 7, to transfer loads to the smaller foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | 9/11 and collapse | Reports",
"text": "The Verizon Building, an art deco building located directly to the west, had extensive damage to its eastern facade from the collapse of 7 World Trade Center, though it was later restored at a cost of US$1.4 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1987–2001) | Design and layout",
"text": "A shipping and receiving ramp, which served the entire World Trade Center complex, occupied the eastern quarter of the 7 World Trade Center footprint."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building is 52 stories tall (plus one underground floor), making it the 28th-tallest in New York."
}
] |
The 7 World Trade Center refers to two seperate buildings at the same location, and the first building had more stories than the second.
| 2 | 5 |
7 World Trade Center
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem tells the Biblical tale of the rebellion of Absalom against King David; in this context it is an allegory used to represent a story contemporary to Dryden, concerning King Charles II and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681)."
}
] |
uEJ8gf4jJNCRGr4HKXpc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "The story of Absalom's rebellion against his father, King David, is told in the Old Testament of the Bible, in the Second Book of Samuel (chapters 14 to 18)."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Dryden's poem tells the story of the first foment by making Monmouth into Absalom, the beloved boy, Charles into David (who also had some philandering), and Shaftesbury into Achitophel."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Renaissance element",
"text": "Heidi Kelchner proposes that “we should consider Dryden's reference to the heated manner in which Absalom was conceived-used ironically as part of a mock panegyric of Absalom”."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The poem also refers to some of the Popish Plot furore."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "The father's forgiveness contrasts with the response of David towards Achitophel, but still the story works well for a theme that deals with problems of ascension, and Dryden uses similarities and differences in the two stories to express the poem's themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis | Plot analysis",
"text": "There are many different ways of understanding Dryden’s poem Absalom and Achitophel."
},
{
"section_header": "Satire",
"text": "Absalom and Achitophel is \"generally acknowledged as the finest political satire in the English language\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem also references the Popish Plot (1678) and the Monmouth Rebellion (1685)."
},
{
"section_header": "A second part written by Nahum Tate",
"text": "Absalom and Achitophel stands alone as a complete poem by John Dryden as it was published in 1681."
},
{
"section_header": "Biblical background",
"text": "The result is that Absalom takes the advice of the double agent Hushai over the good advice of Achitophel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem tells the Biblical tale of the rebellion of Absalom against King David; in this context it is an allegory used to represent a story contemporary to Dryden, concerning King Charles II and the Exclusion Crisis (1679-1681)."
}
] |
Absalom and Achitophel refers to a story in the bible.
| 2 | 5 |
Absalom and Achitophel
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Use by humans",
"text": "The arm regeneration potential of brittle stars is being studied in connection with understanding and treating neurodegenerative diseases in humans."
}
] |
uFOZ2PQFRBryrEsKlVnS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Feeding",
"text": "Basket stars are suspension feeders, raising their branched arms to collect zooplankton, while brittle stars use several methods of feeding, though usually one predominates."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Many brittle stars are hermaphrodites."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Other organs",
"text": "Brittle stars have a blind gut with no intestine or anus."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "Ossicles may be fused together, as in the test of sea urchins, or may articulate with each other as in the arms of sea stars, brittle stars and crinoids."
},
{
"section_header": "Larval development",
"text": "For example, a sea urchin has an 'echinopluteus' larva while a brittle star has an 'ophiopluteus' larva."
},
{
"section_header": "Mode of life | Locomotion",
"text": "Brittle stars are the most agile of the echinoderms, raising their discs and taking strides when moving."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Internal fertilisation has currently been observed in three species of sea star, three brittle stars and a deep water sea cucumber."
},
{
"section_header": "Use by humans",
"text": "The arm regeneration potential of brittle stars is being studied in connection with understanding and treating neurodegenerative diseases in humans."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy and physiology | Skin and skeleton",
"text": "Despite the robustness of the individual skeletal modules complete skeletons of starfish, brittle stars and crinoids are rare in the fossil record."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "In these starfish and brittle stars, direct development without passing through a bilateral larval stage usually takes place."
}
] |
Brittle stars can grew up new extremities to restore a lost one.
| 2 | 4 |
Echinodermata
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Inauguration",
"text": "Buchanan was inaugurated on March 4, 1857, taking the oath of office from Chief Justice Roger B. Taney."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just weeks after Lincoln was elected as Buchanan's successor, Southern states began seceding from the U.S., and the American Civil War started."
}
] |
uGFDNMD5tQgYSPGbUHUW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Historical reputation",
"text": "His many talents, which in a quieter era might have gained for him a place among the great presidents, were quickly overshadowed by the cataclysmic events of civil war and by the towering Abraham Lincoln."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Just weeks after Lincoln was elected as Buchanan's successor, Southern states began seceding from the U.S., and the American Civil War started."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Buchanan honored his pledge to serve only one term, and supported Breckinridge's unsuccessful candidacy in the 1860 presidential election, which was won by Republican Abraham Lincoln."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | 1858 mid-term elections",
"text": "The Senate seat was the primary issue of the legislative election, marked by the famous debates between Douglas and his Republican opponent for the seat, Abraham Lincoln."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Utah War",
"text": "The Utah territory, settled in preceding decades by the Latter-day Saints and their leader Brigham Young, had grown increasingly hostile to federal intervention."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years",
"text": "The Civil War erupted within two months of Buchanan's retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Election of 1860",
"text": "With the splintering of the Democratic Party, Republican nominee Abraham Lincoln won a four-way election that also included John Bell of the Constitutional Union Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Secession",
"text": "Buchanan secretly asked President-elect Lincoln to call for a national referendum on the issue of slavery, but Lincoln declined."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is therefore consistently ranked by historians as one of the least effective presidents in history, for his failure to mitigate the national disunity that led to the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Final years",
"text": "\"Buchanan was dedicated to defending his actions prior to the Civil War, which was referred to by some as \"Buchanan's War.\" He received threatening letters daily, and stores displayed Buchanan's likeness with the eyes inked red, a noose drawn around his neck and the word \"TRAITOR\" written across his forehead."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1857–1861) | Inauguration",
"text": "Buchanan was inaugurated on March 4, 1857, taking the oath of office from Chief Justice Roger B. Taney."
}
] |
Buchanan presidency preceded that of Abraham Lincoln. 1865 civil war
| 1 | 3 |
James Buchanan
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ray is a 2004 American biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles."
}
] |
uGHKP3qJLNlYjUZ0Y1UR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Ray debuted at the 2004 Toronto International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ray is a 2004 American biographical film focusing on 30 years in the life of rhythm and blues musician Ray Charles."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Ray was released in theaters on October 29, 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "In the film, when his backing singer and mistress Margie Hendricks informs Ray she is pregnant with his child, Ray suggests she should have an abortion, out of loyalty to Della; Margie decides to keep the baby and soon leaves Ray to pursue a separate singing career after he refuses to abandon his family, move in with her and welcome the baby into his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "The site's critical consensus reads, \"An engrossing and energetic portrait of a great musician's achievements and foibles, Ray is anchored by Jamie Foxx's stunning performance as Ray Charles.\" CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare \"A+\" grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "Though George did drown in a metal tub, Ray did try to pull him out, but was unable to do so due to George's large body weight; Ray then ran inside to tell his mother what happened."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles was set to attend an opening of the completed film, but died of liver disease in June 2004, months prior to the premiere."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Raised on a sharecropping plantation in Northern Florida, Ray Charles Robinson went blind at the age of seven, shortly after witnessing his younger brother drown."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "he's portraying... that's the only time an actor has ever brought a pop icon fully to life on-screen.\" The film's credits state that Ray is based on true events, but includes some characters, names, locations, and events which have been changed and others which have been \"fictionalized for dramatization purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Differences from noted events",
"text": "\" Examples of the fictionalized scenes include: The film's portrayal of Charles' brother George's death in 1935 shows him drowning in a metal tub after Ray doesn't attempt to rescue him because he assumes he is just playing; Ray's mother then discovers George drowning when calling the boys in for dinner."
}
] |
The 2004 film Ray is about the ecology of manta rays.
| 1 | 4 |
Ray (film)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2011: The E.N.D, The Beginning and hiatus",
"text": "On July 30, 2009, Billboard announced that the Black Eyed Peas set a record for the longest successive No. 1 chart run by a duo or group in the Billboard Hot 100's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Black Eyed Peas' first major hit was the 2003 single \" Where Is the Love?\" from Elephunk, which topped the charts in 13 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it spent seven weeks at number one and went on to become Britain's biggest-selling single of 2003."
}
] |
uGSsMxWN9DIroGKOCIBZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2008: Monkey Business",
"text": "In autumn 2005, the Black Eyed Peas set off to tour with Gwen Stefani, as supporting act."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2011: The E.N.D, The Beginning and hiatus",
"text": "On July 30, 2009, Billboard announced that the Black Eyed Peas set a record for the longest successive No. 1 chart run by a duo or group in the Billboard Hot 100's history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In February 2011, the group performed at the Super Bowl XLV halftime show. Black Eyed Peas have sold an estimated 80 million records, making them one of the best-selling groups of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2011: The E.N.D, The Beginning and hiatus",
"text": "On May 21, the Black Eyed Peas released \"I Gotta Feeling\" (produced by David Guetta) as the official second single from the album."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Black Eyed Peas (also known as The Black Eyed Peas) is an American musical group, consisting of rappers"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–2008: Monkey Business",
"text": "In September 2005, the Black Eyed Peas released an iTunes Originals playlist of their greatest hits, as well as some that were re-recorded especially for purchase through iTunes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2015–2018: Fergie's departure, addition of J. Rey Soul, and Masters of the Sun",
"text": "During an interview with NRJ, will.i.am, in talking about his solo album, also confirmed that the Black Eyed Peas would start recording sessions for their seventh studio album in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2009–2011: The E.N.D, The Beginning and hiatus",
"text": "The Black Eyed Peas were the second artist to have performed in both the Super Bowl and Grey Cup halftime shows, and are one of only three artists to have ever done so."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Black Eyed Peas' first major hit was the 2003 single \" Where Is the Love?\" from Elephunk, which topped the charts in 13 countries, including the United Kingdom, where it spent seven weeks at number one and went on to become Britain's biggest-selling single of 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2019–present: Translation",
"text": "The song debuted at number 100 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and became the Black Eyed Peas' 17th Hot 100 entry and their first since 2011's"
}
] |
The Black Eyed Peas "I Gotta Feeling" and "Where Is the Love?" were at number one setting records.
| 0 | 0 |
The Black Eyed Peas
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery by Röntgen",
"text": "On November 8, 1895, German physics professor Wilhelm Röntgen stumbled on X-rays while experimenting with Lenard tubes and Crookes tubes and began studying them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery by Röntgen",
"text": "The name stuck, although (over Röntgen's great objections) many of his colleagues suggested calling them Röntgen rays."
}
] |
uGxltUkcFYC03YMcL5S4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Hazards discovered",
"text": "Many experimenters including Elihu Thomson at Edison's lab, William J. Morton, and Nikola Tesla also reported burns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "In 1894 Nikola Tesla noticed damaged film in his lab that seemed to be associated with Crookes tube experiments and began investigating this radiant energy of \"invisible\" kinds."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hazards discovered",
"text": "Other effects were sometimes blamed for the damage including ultraviolet rays and (according to Tesla) ozone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An X-ray, or X-radiation, is a penetrating form of high-energy electromagnetic radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery by Röntgen",
"text": "Röntgen discovered their medical use when he made a picture of his wife's hand on a photographic plate formed due to X-rays."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In many languages, X-radiation is referred to as Röntgen radiation, after the German scientist Wilhelm Röntgen, who discovered it on November 8, 1895."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "It was formed on the basis of the electromagnetic theory of light."
},
{
"section_header": "Medical uses | Fluoroscopy",
"text": "In its simplest form, a fluoroscope consists of an X-ray source and a fluorescent screen, between which a patient is placed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-Röntgen observations and research",
"text": "After Röntgen identified the X-ray, Tesla began making X-ray images of his own using high voltages and tubes of his own design, as well as Crookes tubes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century and beyond",
"text": "These often took the form of a small side tube which contained a small piece of mica, a mineral that traps relatively large quantities of air within its structure."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery by Röntgen",
"text": "On November 8, 1895, German physics professor Wilhelm Röntgen stumbled on X-rays while experimenting with Lenard tubes and Crookes tubes and began studying them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery by Röntgen",
"text": "The name stuck, although (over Röntgen's great objections) many of his colleagues suggested calling them Röntgen rays."
}
] |
A form of radiation X-rays was discovered by Nikola Tesla.
| 0 | 0 |
X-ray
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of July 2020, Gates had an estimated net worth of US$111.8 billion, making him the second-wealthiest person in the world, behind Bezos."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world."
}
] |
uH2CqrfBOhcjApRUNunk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Time magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005, and 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "In 1987, Gates was listed as a billionaire in Forbes magazine's 400 Richest People in America issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In May 2006, Gates remarked that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because he disliked the attention it brought."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In October 2017, Gates was surpassed by Amazon founder Jeff Bezos as the richest person in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As of July 2020, Gates had an estimated net worth of US$111.8 billion, making him the second-wealthiest person in the world, behind Bezos."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1995 to 2017, he held the Forbes title of the richest person in the world all but four of those years."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "Gates was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the \"Top 50 Cyber Elite\" by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999, and was included in The Guardian as one of the \"Top 100 influential people in media\" in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On November 15, 2019, he once again became the richest person in the world after a 48% increase in Microsoft shares, surpassing Bezos."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"Gates also said: \"I agree with people like Richard"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gates left Harvard after two years while Ballmer stayed and graduated magna cum laude."
}
] |
Bill Gates is one of the two richest people in the world as of 2020.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Gates
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He has been blackmailing the queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe earned $12 for its first printing."
}
] |
uHHO2K6abhnKiA4Wp9A9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Purloined Letter\" is a short story by American author Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He has been blackmailing the queen."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Poe earned $12 for its first printing."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "In May 1844, just before its first publication, Poe wrote to James Russell Lowell that he considered \"The Purloined Letter\" \"perhaps the best of my tales of ratiocination."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Jacques Lacan argued in Ecrits that the content of the queen's letter is irrelevant to the story and that the proper \"place\" of the signifier (the letter itself) is determined by the symbolic structure in which it exists and is displaced, first by the minister and then by Dupin."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "This story first appeared in The Gift: A Christmas and New Year's Present for 1845, published in December, 1844 in Philadelphia by Carey and Hart."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "The truth, for Derrida, is that the letter is a castration of the king by the queen, which Lacan cannot see/abide"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He explains that D— knew the police detectives would have assumed that the blackmailer would have concealed the letter in an elaborate hiding place, and thus hid it in plain sight."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"The Purloined Letter\" completes Dupin's tour of different settings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It first appeared in the literary annual"
}
] |
The Purloined Letter is a story about blackmailing the queen that first earned the author twelve dollars.
| 1 | 4 |
The Purloined Letter
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II, and took place from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of the war in Europe."
}
] |
uHpwyYTN58RNdG0BXMvY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest battle for U.S. forces in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle credit",
"text": "After the war ended, the U.S. Army issued battle credit in the form of the Ardennes-Alsace campaign citation to units and individuals that took part in operations in northwest Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Bulge\" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in eastern Belgium, northeast France, and Luxembourg, towards the end of the war in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Drafting the offensive",
"text": "After the war ended, this assessment was generally viewed as unrealistic, given Allied air superiority throughout Europe and their ability to continually disrupt German offensive operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II, and took place from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Attack on the northern shoulder | Operation Stösser",
"text": "It was the German paratroopers' only night time drop during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "During World War II, most U.S. black soldiers still served only in maintenance or service positions, or in segregated units."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Additionally, the Military/American Heroes TV series Greatest Tank Battles featured an episode on the Battle of the Bulge as \"The Battle of the Bulge: S.S. Panzers Attack!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Television : The battle was the subject of the PBS American Experience episode, \"The Battle of the Bulge\"."
}
] |
Battle of the Bulge was a conflict in Europe at the end of World War ll.
| 2 | 5 |
Battle of the Bulge
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "More than half of the original Erie Canal was destroyed or abandoned at the time of construction of the New York State Barge Canal in the early 20th century."
}
] |
uHsXqduhQJynQ2TeEdpO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "The entire canal was officially completed on October 26, 1825."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "An Erie Canal Cruise company, based in Herkimer, operates from mid-May until mid-October with daily cruises."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It opened on October 26, 1825.In a time when bulk goods were limited to pack animals (a 250-pound (113 kg) maximum), and there were no railways"
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "Sections of the old Erie Canal not used after 1918 are owned by New York State, or have been ceded to or purchased by counties or municipalities."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "The Erie Canal is open to small craft and some larger vessels from May through November each year."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "In 1825 more than 40,000 passengers took advantage of the convenience and beauty of canal travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "The canal was straightened and slightly re-routed in some stretches, resulting in the abandonment of short segments of the original 1825 canal."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "Existing remains of the 1825 canal abandoned during the Enlargement are officially referred to today as \"Clinton's Ditch\" (which was also the popular nickname for the entire Erie Canal project during its original 1817–1825 construction)."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "The cruise goes through the history of the canal and also takes passengers through Lock 18.In 2004, the administration of New York Governor George Pataki was criticized when officials of New York State Canal Corporation attempted to sell private development rights to large stretches of the Old Erie Canal to a single developer for $30,000, far less than the land was worth on the open market."
},
{
"section_header": "21st century",
"text": "In 2012, the New York State Canal System (which consists of the Erie Canal and a few smaller canals) was used to ship 42,000 tons of cargo."
},
{
"section_header": "Ambiguity in name",
"text": "More than half of the original Erie Canal was destroyed or abandoned at the time of construction of the New York State Barge Canal in the early 20th century."
}
] |
The Erie canal has been in use since it's opening in October 1825.
| 4 | 5 |
Erie Canal
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1957, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects (John P. Fulton, A.S.C.)."
}
] |
uIGEao1jwnSKAw9HbkeZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Television broadcast",
"text": "Since 2006 the network has typically aired The Ten Commandments on the Saturday night prior to Easter, with the broadcast starting at 7 p.m. in the Eastern and Pacific Time Zones and 6 p.m. Central/Mountain/Alaska/Hawaii. (An exception was in 2020 when the film aired before Palm Sunday.) The film is one of only two pre-scheduled ABC Saturday Movies of the Week every year, the other being The Sound of Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects",
"text": "The special photographic effects in The Ten Commandments were created by John P. Fulton, A.S.C. (who received an Oscar for his effects in the film), head of the special effects department at Paramount Pictures, assisted by Paul Lerpae, A.S.C. in Optical Photography (blue screen \"travelling matte\" composites) and Farciot Edouart, A.S.C., in Process Photography (rear projection effects)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The score for The Ten Commandments was composed and conducted by Elmer Bernstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" The critic Camille Paglia has called The Ten Commandments one of the ten greatest films of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He sees the Ten Commandments created by God in two stone tablets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ten Commandments dramatizes the biblical story of the life of Moses, an adopted Egyptian prince who becomes the deliverer of his real brethren, the enslaved Hebrews, and thereafter leads the Exodus to Mount Sinai, where he receives, from God, the Ten Commandments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Ten Commandments was the highest-grossing film of 1956 and the second most successful film of the decade."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Ten Commandments is estimated to have sold 262 million tickets at the worldwide box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "For the large crowd shots, at least 14,000 extras and 15,000 animals were used while filming The Ten Commandments."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The Ten Commandments premiered at New York City's Criterion Theatre on November 8, 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1957, the film was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, winning the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects (John P. Fulton, A.S.C.)."
}
] |
The Ten Commandments is a movie that went 1 for 7 at the Oscars.
| 0 | 0 |
The Ten Commandments (1956 film)
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miller wrote the play as an allegory for McCarthyism, when the United States government persecuted people accused of being communists."
}
] |
uJ2SS1Ivo9qRK3up1vOO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)",
"text": "Using her status as Parris's niece to her advantage, she accuses countless citizens of witchcraft, becoming one of the most powerful people in Salem."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Language of the period",
"text": "The people on whom the characters are based would have retained strong regional dialects from their home country."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "John and Elizabeth are incredulous that nearly forty people have been arrested for witchcraft based on the pronouncements of Abigail and the other girls."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act One",
"text": "As the curtain closes, the three continue with their accusations as Hale orders the arrest of the named people and sends for judges to try them."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "Many of Miller's characters were based on people who had little in the public record other than their statements from the trials, but others survived to expand, recant, or comment on the role they played at Salem, including jurors, accusers, survivors, and judges."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Three",
"text": "John submits Mary's deposition, which declares that she was coerced to accuse people by Abigail."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters (in order of appearance)",
"text": "He is greedy and conniving, using the accusations as cover to purchase land seized from convicted witches."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miller wrote the play as an allegory for McCarthyism, when the United States government persecuted people accused of being communists."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "Danforth is disappointed by this reluctance, but at the urging of Hale and Parris, allows John to sign a written confession, to be displayed on the church door as an example."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Language of the period",
"text": "The play's action takes place 70 years after the community arrived as settlers from Britain."
}
] |
The Crucible was written based on people who had been accused of supporting communism in the U.S.
| 2 | 4 |
The Crucible
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Sexual",
"text": "Though the sexuality of Vladimir and Estragon is not always considered by critics, some see the two vagabonds as an ageing homosexual couple, who are worn out, with broken spirits, impotent and not engaging sexually any longer."
}
] |
uJ3Smnc9hoWN1DeGuNt4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Waiting for what? Waiting for what? Godot? Perhaps."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Autobiographical",
"text": "during the day and walked by night [... or] of the relationship of Beckett to Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Related works",
"text": "The waiting in Godot is the wandering of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Sexual",
"text": "Some critics have considered that the relationship of these two characters is homosexual and sado-masochistic in nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Works inspired by Godot",
"text": "In 2011, Mike Rosenthal and Jeff Rosenthal created a video game adaptation of Waiting for Godot, played in the browser."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Vladimir and Estragon",
"text": "Al Alvarez writes: \"But perhaps Estragon's forgetfulness is the cement binding their relationship together."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "The first four involved Gogo, Didi, Lucky, and Pozzo while the rest were divided into three pairs: two tramps, a pair of grim heterosexuals, and a bride raped by her groom."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Waiting for Godot is not simply a literal translation of En attendant Godot."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Godot",
"text": "The second story, according to Bair, is that Beckett once encountered a group of spectators at the French Tour de France bicycle race, who told him \"Nous attendons Godot\" – they were waiting for a competitor whose name was Godot."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | American reception",
"text": "Planning for an American tour for Waiting for Godot started in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Sexual",
"text": "Though the sexuality of Vladimir and Estragon is not always considered by critics, some see the two vagabonds as an ageing homosexual couple, who are worn out, with broken spirits, impotent and not engaging sexually any longer."
}
] |
Waiting for Godot displays heterosexual relationships only.
| 0 | 0 |
Waiting for Godot
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "The British Film Institute published a book about the film in 2000 as part of a Modern Classics series."
}
] |
uJSFydTNBOP2B1oFh0Rw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American female buddy road film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "The idea for Thelma & Louise originated in the spring of 1988 when Callie Khouri, then a music video producer, was driving home from work to her apartment in Santa Monica."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Thelma, a ditzy housewife, is married to a disrespectful and controlling carpet salesman, Darryl (Christopher McDonald), while sharp-tongued Louise works as a waitress in a diner and is on–off dating an easygoing musician, Jimmy (Michael Madsen), who spends most of his time on the road."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "Numerous critics and writers have remarked on the strong feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It influenced other films and artistic works and became a landmark of feminist film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "\"\"Thelma & Louise\" placed second to The Silence of the Lambs as the best film of 1991 in a poll of 81 critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": ", Ridley Scott's Thelma & Louise is a potent, well-acted road movie that transcends the feminist message at its core."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Jason Beghe as State Trooper Lucinda Jenney as Lena, the waitress Marco St. John as Truck Driver (uncredited) Thelma & Louise was screened out of competition as the closing film at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Feminism",
"text": "In her essay \"The Daughters of Thelma and Louise\", Jessica Enevold argues that the film constitutes \"an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Accolades",
"text": "The British Film Institute published a book about the film in 2000 as part of a Modern Classics series."
}
] |
A written work was released about Thelma & Louise.
| 4 | 7 |
Thelma & Louise
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1990s",
"text": "In 1999, to coincide with the re-release of the 1968 film Yellow Submarine, an expanded soundtrack album, Yellow Submarine Songtrack, was issued."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected filmography",
"text": "Fictionalised A Hard Day's Night (1964) Fictionalised A Hard Day's Night (1964) Help! (1965) Magical Mystery Tour (1967) Yellow Submarine (1968) (brief cameo)Documentaries and filmed performances"
}
] |
uJcgMcE6qkfRmQRSOAYq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "In July, the Beatles' second film, Help!, was released, again directed by Lester."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "An expanded, remixed and remastered version of The Beatles at the Hollywood Bowl was released on 9 September, to coincide with the release of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "In September 2016, the documentary film The Beatles: Eight Days a Week was released."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "His bandmates agreed, and it was decided to salvage the footage shot for the TV production for use in a feature film."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "Pepper: Magical Mystery Tour, a one-hour television film, and Yellow Submarine, an animated feature-length film produced by United Artists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "The Magical Mystery Tour soundtrack was released in the UK as a six-track double extended play (EP) in early December 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2020s",
"text": "In August 2021, The Beatles: Get Back, a new documentary film directed by Peter Jackson utilising footage captured for what became the Let It Be film, will be released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in the US and Canada with a global release to follow."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "Premiering in July 1968, the film featured cartoon versions of the band members and a soundtrack with eleven of their songs, including four unreleased studio recordings that made their debut in the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected filmography",
"text": "Fictionalised A Hard Day's Night (1964) Fictionalised A Hard Day's Night (1964) Help! (1965) Magical Mystery Tour (1967) Yellow Submarine (1968) (brief cameo)Documentaries and filmed performances"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "The film was released theatrically on 15 September in the UK and the US, and started streaming on Hulu on 17 September."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 1990s",
"text": "In 1999, to coincide with the re-release of the 1968 film Yellow Submarine, an expanded soundtrack album, Yellow Submarine Songtrack, was issued."
}
] |
The Beatles film featuring a banana-coated submersible was released in 1967.
| 2 | 8 |
The Beatles
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time."
}
] |
uKOnk8zu89HMydckuIOl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "This act, commonly called the 'revocation of the Edict of Nantes,' had very damaging results for France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "The Edict succeeded in restoring peace and internal unity to France, though it pleased neither party: Catholics rejected the apparent recognition of Protestantism as a permanent element in French society and still hoped to enforce religious uniformity, while Protestants aspired to full parity with Catholics which it did not provide. \" Toleration in France was a royal notion, and the religious settlement was dependent upon the continued support of the crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "The revocation of the Edict of Nantes also further damaged the perception of Louis XIV abroad, making the Protestant nations bordering France even more hostile to his regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "This edict was enacted by parlement two months later, less than two years before the end of the Ancien Régime and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 would fully eliminate religious discrimination in France."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "These two brevets were withdrawn in 1629 by Louis XIII, following a final religious civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The later Edict of Fontainebleau, which revoked the Edict of Nantes in October 1685, was promulgated by Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The edict separated civil from religious unity, treated some Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "The Edict itself states merely that it is \"given at Nantes, in the month of April, in the year of Our Lord one thousand five hundred and ninety-eight\"."
}
] |
The Edict of Nantes was created to stop the religious conflicts in France.
| 0 | 0 |
Edict of Nantes
|
Geography
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] |
uKVyxFBCM4PwmS56tdWD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "A plaque honoring the canal's construction is located in Battery Park in southern Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Enlargements and improvements",
"text": "Locks were widened and/or rebuilt in new locations, and many new navigable aqueducts were constructed."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal | Parks and museums",
"text": "Watervliet Side Cut Locks, located at Watervliet and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971"
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal | Parks and museums",
"text": "Erie Canal Lock 52 Complex, a national historic district located at Port Byron and Mentz in Cayuga County; listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998 Seneca River Crossing Canals Historic District, a national historic district located at Montezuma and Tyre in Cayuga County;"
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal",
"text": "In Syracuse, the location of the old canal is represented by a reflecting pool in downtown's Clinton Square and the downtown hosts a canal barge and weigh lock structure, now dry."
},
{
"section_header": "Old Erie Canal | Parks and museums",
"text": "Enlarged Erie Canal Historic District (Discontiguous), a national historic district located at Cohoes, New York listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004"
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "With several miles of the Canal inland of this location still lying under 20th-century fill and urban construction, the effective western navigable terminus of the Erie Canal is found at Tonawanda."
},
{
"section_header": "Locks",
"text": "The place of \"Lock E1\" on the passage from the lower Hudson River to Lake Erie is taken by the Troy Federal Lock, located just north of Troy, New York, and is not part of the Erie Canal System proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal)."
}
] |
It is located in San Fransisco, California.
| 1 | 9 |
Erie Canal
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The later Edict of Fontainebleau, which revoked the Edict of Nantes in October 1685, was promulgated by Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time."
}
] |
uKmQEsvtwNQp2yCntGaI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "The revocation of the Edict of Nantes also further damaged the perception of Louis XIV abroad, making the Protestant nations bordering France even more hostile to his regime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It marked the end of the religious wars that had afflicted France during the second half of the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "The subsidies had been reduced by degrees, as Henry gained more control of the nation."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "By the late 19th century the Catholic tradition cited the signing in the \"Maison des Tourelles\", home of prosperous Spanish trader André Ruiz; it was destroyed by bombing in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The edict separated civil from religious unity, treated some Protestants for the first time as more than mere schismatics and heretics, and opened a path for secularism and tolerance."
},
{
"section_header": "Revocation",
"text": "This act, commonly called the 'revocation of the Edict of Nantes,' had very damaging results for France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes (French: édit de Nantes), signed in April 1598 by King Henry IV of France, granted the Calvinist Protestants of France (also known as Huguenots) substantial rights in the nation, which was still considered essentially Catholic at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The later Edict of Fontainebleau, which revoked the Edict of Nantes in October 1685, was promulgated by Louis XIV, the grandson of Henry IV."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "The Edict itself states merely that it is \"given at Nantes, in the month of April, in the year of Our Lord one thousand five hundred and ninety-eight\"."
},
{
"section_header": "The Edict",
"text": "The Edict of Nantes that Henry IV signed comprised four basic texts, including a principal text made up of 92 articles and largely based on unsuccessful peace treaties signed during the recent wars."
}
] |
The Edict of Nantes lasted just a little more than a century.
| 0 | 0 |
Edict of Nantes
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1921 until 1938."
}
] |
uKuYGOX2F3AqAr1BFRpG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "Cuyler suffered another injury, this time during an exhibition game on March 29, 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Known around the league as a polite, shy and kind player, Hall of Famer Joe Cronin said of Cuyler, \"He was one of the finest and cleanest living fellows I ever met in baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "During the 1928 season, Cuyler formed a quartet with teammates Cliff Heathcote and Hall of Famers Gabby Hartnett and Hack Wilson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The middle of the season was a turning point for Cuyler and the team, when on August 11, Babe Adams, Carson Bigbee and team captain and Hall of Famer Max Carey voted in a petition to remove vice president Fred Clarke from games."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "He slid into a base during a steal attempt and fractured his right fibula, and was sidelined until July of that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "His 369 total bases in 1925 set a Pirates team record."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He played for the Buick plant baseball team as well as in the Industrial League which had games in Flint and Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "His .336 career average with the Pirates is third all time and his 220 hits in 1925 tied the single season team record."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "His 228 hits and 155 runs scored in 1930 were second most in Cubs history, and his 50 doubles that year set a team record."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "1930 Cuyler set career highs in hits (228),"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, Cincinnati Reds, and Brooklyn Dodgers from 1921 until 1938."
}
] |
Cuyler was bounced around between 8 teams during his career.
| 1 | 4 |
Kiki Cuyler
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Science consultants",
"text": "so there's actual progress to the boards ... We worked hard to get all the science right.\" David Saltzberg, who has a Ph.D. in physics, has served as the science consultant for the show for six seasons and attends every taping."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Science consultants",
"text": "He was usually not needed during a taping unless a lot of science, and especially the whiteboard, was involved."
}
] |
uL6z5h8rhcxetsfx05FK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Recurring themes and elements | Vanity cards",
"text": "Like most shows created by Chuck Lorre, The Big Bang Theory ends by showing for one second a vanity card written by Lorre after the credits, followed by the Warner Bros. Television closing logo."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Theme song",
"text": "the title as \"Big Bang Theory Theme."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Gilbert returned to The Big Bang Theory for its 200th episode."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "In November 2016, it was reported that CBS was in negotiations to create a spin-off of The Big Bang Theory centered on Sheldon as a young boy."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Television special",
"text": "On May 16, 2019, a television special titled Unraveling the Mystery: A Big Bang Farewell aired following the series finale of The Big Bang Theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcast",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory premiered in the United States on September 24, 2007 on CBS."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "first and second pilots of The Big Bang Theory were directed by James Burrows, who did not continue with the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Offshoots | Spin-off series",
"text": "The initial idea for the series came from Parsons, who passed it along to The Big Bang Theory producers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Canadian ratings",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory started off quietly in Canada, but managed to garner major success in later seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Canadian ratings",
"text": "The Big Bang Theory has pulled ahead and has now become the most-watched entertainment television show in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Science consultants",
"text": "so there's actual progress to the boards ... We worked hard to get all the science right.\" David Saltzberg, who has a Ph.D. in physics, has served as the science consultant for the show for six seasons and attends every taping."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Science consultants",
"text": "He was usually not needed during a taping unless a lot of science, and especially the whiteboard, was involved."
}
] |
In The Big Bang Theory, the stuff written by Sheldon on whiteboards was correct.
| 0 | 0 |
The Big Bang Theory
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "It's Always Fair Weather. Consequently, the movie was shot on celluloid film (not digitally) with Panavision equipment in CinemaScope's 2.55:1 aspect ratio, but not in true CinemaScope as that technology is no longer available."
}
] |
uLLIcJqhmpvMIlDQVa53
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "He also wanted the film to emulate the widescreen"
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "La La Land had its world premiere as the Venice Film Festival's opening night film on August 31, 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "La La Land received eleven nominations at the 70th British Academy Film Awards, more than any other film of 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "He wrote the screenplay for La La Land in 2010, when the film industry seemed out of reach for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "La La Land is a 2016 American romantic comedy musical film written and directed by Damien Chazelle."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Lionsgate released La La Land on Digital HD on April 11, 2017, and Blu-ray, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on April 25, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | German television prank",
"text": "In March 2017, La La Land was at the center of a prank involving Goldene Kamera, an annual German film and television award."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $68.25 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it one of the top 20 most profitable releases of 2016.La La Land began its theatrical release with a limited release in five theaters in Los Angeles and New York City on December 9."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Production designer Wasco created numerous fake old film posters."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The songs and score for La La Land were composed and orchestrated by Justin Hurwitz, Chazelle's Harvard University classmate, who also worked on his two prior films."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "It's Always Fair Weather. Consequently, the movie was shot on celluloid film (not digitally) with Panavision equipment in CinemaScope's 2.55:1 aspect ratio, but not in true CinemaScope as that technology is no longer available."
}
] |
The film, La La Land, was not filmed on physical film, as the director had wanted, but with a digital DSLR camera and edited to look like an old Hollywood film.
| 0 | 2 |
La La Land
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Positions on morality and politics | Homosexuality | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "Although he didn't mention the topic, his words were interpreted by news media as denunciations of same-sex marriage, with some sources adding that Benedict would have called it a threat to world peace similar to abortion and euthanasia."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Teachings | \"Dictatorship of relativism\"",
"text": "\"In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at the basilica of St. John Lateran 6 June 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of same sex marriage and abortion: The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man... from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born."
}
] |
uM8frO4caJxsc19TjWYd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Positions on morality and politics | Homosexuality | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "He stated that \"sex is no longer a given element of nature, that man has to accept and personally make sense of: it is a social role that we choose for ourselves\", and \"The words of the creation account: \"male and female he created them\" (Gen 1:27) no longer apply\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Positions on morality and politics | Homosexuality | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "Although he didn't mention the topic, his words were interpreted by news media as denunciations of same-sex marriage, with some sources adding that Benedict would have called it a threat to world peace similar to abortion and euthanasia."
},
{
"section_header": "Positions on morality and politics | Homosexuality | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "During a 2012 Christmas speech, the pope made remarks about the present-day interpretation of the notion of \"gender\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Teachings | \"Dictatorship of relativism\"",
"text": "\"In an address to a conference of the Diocese of Rome held at the basilica of St. John Lateran 6 June 2005, Benedict remarked on the issues of same sex marriage and abortion: The various forms of the dissolution of matrimony today, like free unions, trial marriages and going up to pseudo-matrimonies by people of the same sex, are rather expressions of an anarchic freedom that wrongly passes for true freedom of man... from here it becomes all the more clear how contrary it is to human love, to the profound vocation of man and woman, to systematically close their union to the gift of life, and even worse to suppress or tamper with the life that is born."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Teachings | Encyclicals",
"text": "In his first encyclical, Deus caritas est, he said that a human being, created in the image of God who is love, is able to practice love: to give himself to God and others (agape) by receiving and experiencing God's love in contemplation."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope Emeritus",
"text": "The library section dedicated to his life and thought is being catalogued."
},
{
"section_header": "Pope Emeritus",
"text": "Benedict returned his official Fisherman's Ring, which is usually destroyed by Vatican officials on the death of a pope to prevent documents being counterfeited."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Teachings | \"Friendship with Jesus Christ\"",
"text": "He stressed that on this intimate friendship, \"everything depends.\" He also said: \"We are all called to open ourselves to this friendship with God... speaking to him as to a friend, the only One who can make the world both good and happy... That is all we have to do is put ourselves at his disposal...is an extremely important message."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy: 2005–2013 | Teachings | Christianity as religion according to reason",
"text": "He said: From the beginning, Christianity has understood itself as the religion of the Logos, as the religion according to reason... It has always defined men, all men without distinction, as creatures and images of God, proclaiming for them... the same dignity."
},
{
"section_header": "Positions on morality and politics | Homosexuality | Same-sex marriage",
"text": "In March 2012, he stated that heterosexual marriages should be defended from \"every possible misrepresentation of their true nature\"."
}
] |
This was the first pope to make remarks about same sex unions being okay in the eyes of God.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Benedict XVI
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Eating and devouring",
"text": "After the riddle \"Why is a raven like a writing-desk?\", the Hatter claims that Alice might as well say, \"I see what I eat…I eat what I see\" and so the riddle's solution, put forward by Boe Birns, could be that \"A raven eats worms; a writing desk is worm-eaten\"; this idea of food encapsulates idea of life feeding on life, for the worm is being eaten and then becomes the eater – a horrific image of mortality."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Eating and devouring",
"text": "The animals of Wonderland are of particular interest, for Alice's relation to them shifts constantly because, as Lovell-Smith states, Alice's changes in size continually reposition her in the food chain, serving as a way to make her acutely aware of the ‘eat or be eaten’ attitude that permeates Wonderland."
}
] |
uMR3d2iMTsvAfT0xKlcZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Poems and songs",
"text": "The main characters in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland are the following: Carroll wrote multiple poems and songs for Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, including: \"All in the golden afternoon... \"—the prefatory verse to the book, an original poem by Carroll that recalls the rowing expedition on which he first told the story of Alice's adventures underground"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland has been translated into at least 97 languages, or as many as 174 languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Cinema and television",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1910), a silent film directed by Edwin Stanton Porter"
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Eating and devouring",
"text": "Often, the idea of eating coincides to make gruesome images."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Manuscript: Alice's Adventures Under Ground",
"text": "On 26 November 1864, Dodgson gave Alice the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Under Ground, with illustrations by Dodgson himself, dedicating it as \"A Christmas Gift to a Dear Child in Memory of a Summer's Day\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1907 : Copyright on Alice's Adventures in Wonderland expires in UK, entering the tale into the public domain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (commonly shortened to Alice in Wonderland) is an 1865 novel by English author Lewis Carroll (the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Some printings of this title contain both Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history | Publication timeline",
"text": "1916 : First edition of the Windermere Series is published: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, illustrated by Milo Winter."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Manuscript: Alice's Adventures Under Ground",
"text": "To add the finishing touches he would research natural history for the animals presented in the book, and then had the book examined by other children—particularly those of George MacDonald."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Eating and devouring",
"text": "After the riddle \"Why is a raven like a writing-desk?\", the Hatter claims that Alice might as well say, \"I see what I eat…I eat what I see\" and so the riddle's solution, put forward by Boe Birns, could be that \"A raven eats worms; a writing desk is worm-eaten\"; this idea of food encapsulates idea of life feeding on life, for the worm is being eaten and then becomes the eater – a horrific image of mortality."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Eating and devouring",
"text": "The animals of Wonderland are of particular interest, for Alice's relation to them shifts constantly because, as Lovell-Smith states, Alice's changes in size continually reposition her in the food chain, serving as a way to make her acutely aware of the ‘eat or be eaten’ attitude that permeates Wonderland."
}
] |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland depicts the idea of predator and prey throughout the book.
| 0 | 0 |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, Salazar's rule was conservative and nationalist in nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "António de Oliveira Salazar (; Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968."
}
] |
uN2WxCbT2s152EsWfBB2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "The government tried to obtain loans from Baring Brothers under the auspices of the League of Nations, but the conditions were considered unacceptable."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Religious policies",
"text": "For forty years, Portugal was governed by a man that had been educated at a seminary, had received minor orders, and had considered becoming a priest."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Colonial policies",
"text": "Botelho Moniz ended up being removed from his government position."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Colonial policies",
"text": "I was the defence of the African empire, considered a part of the national identity."
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "The Portuguese historian, scholar, and editor, A. H. de Oliveira Marques, wrote of Salazar: \"He considered himself the guide of the nation,"
},
{
"section_header": "Evaluation",
"text": "Hoare strongly believed in Salazar as \"being a man of one idea – the good of his country\", not wanting to endanger the work of national regeneration to which he had devoted the whole of his public life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite not being a democracy, Portugal under his rule took part in the founding of important international organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Religious policies",
"text": "He carefully avoided adding more problems to an already troubled nation, but he could not accept the \"violation of rights already conceded by law or by former government to Catholics or the Church in Portugal\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Early path",
"text": "They were silenced shortly after 1933 as Salazar attempted to prevent the rise of National Socialism in Portugal."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics and Estado Novo | Colonial policies | Goa dispute",
"text": "Salazar further asserted that Goans nowhere considered or called themselves Indians, but rather deemed themselves to be Portuguese of Goa and that Goans were represented in the Portuguese legislature; indeed, some had risen to the highest levels of government and the administration of Portuguese universities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Opposed to democracy, communism, socialism, anarchism and liberalism, Salazar's rule was conservative and nationalist in nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "António de Oliveira Salazar (; Portuguese: [ɐ̃ˈtɔniu dɨ oliˈvɐjɾɐ sɐlɐˈzaɾ]; 28 April 1889 – 27 July 1970) was a Portuguese statesman who served as Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968."
}
] |
Antonio Salazar considered his government of Portugal to be a kind of right-leaning nationalism.
| 0 | 0 |
Antonio de Oliveira Salazar
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine named Blanchett one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and in 2018, she was ranked among the highest-paid actresses in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and three British Academy Film Awards."
}
] |
uNAZFMRQDoiZSsFHNef0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2011",
"text": "\" Blanchett won the Sydney Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2011",
"text": "Blanchett was nominated for the London Evening Standard Award for Best Actress, and won the Sydney Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role and the Helpmann Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007",
"text": "In 2007, Blanchett was named as one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in the World and also one of the most successful actresses by Forbes magazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine named Blanchett one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007 and in 2018, she was ranked among the highest-paid actresses in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–2000",
"text": "She won the AFI Best Actress Award in the same year for her role as Lizzie in the romantic comedy"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She came to international attention for portraying Elizabeth I in the drama film Elizabeth (1998), for which she won the BAFTA Award for Best Actress and earned her first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007",
"text": "I'm Not There. She won the Volpi Cup Best Actress Award at the Venice Film Festival (accepted by fellow Australian actor"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007",
"text": "That year, Blanchett won the Australian Film Institute Best Actress Award for her role as Tracy Heart, a former heroin addict, in the Australian film Little Fish"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000–2007",
"text": "In 2005, she won her first Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her acclaimed portrayal of Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese's The Aviator."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her portrayal of Katharine Hepburn in Martin Scorsese's The Aviator (2004), earned her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing a neurotic former socialite in Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine (2013)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has received numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and three British Academy Film Awards."
}
] |
Cate Blanchett is an actress who is considered influential and has won a few awards.
| 1 | 1 |
Cate Blanchett
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A two-time Grammy Award–winner known for his distinctive bass-baritone voice and romantic image, his greatest success came in the 1970s as a solo singer and with The Love Unlimited Orchestra, crafting many enduring soul, funk, and disco songs such as his two biggest hits: \" You're the First, the Last,"
}
] |
uNy4R1lvTPlqHYVcAnDZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "Although his success on the pop charts slowed down as the disco era came to an end, he maintained a loyal following throughout his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "Despite several albums over the next three years, he failed to repeat his earlier successes, with no singles managing to reach the Billboard Hot 100, except for 1982's \"Change,\" climbing into the Billboard R&B Top 20 (No. 12)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "His label venture was exacting a heavy financial cost on White, so he concentrated on mostly touring and finally folded his label in 1983."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "After four years he signed with A&M Records, and with the release of 1987's The Right Night & Barry White, the single entitled"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | The Love Unlimited Orchestra",
"text": "White would continue to make albums with the Orchestra, achieving some successes such as: \"Rhapsody in White\"; \"Satin Soul\"; \"Forever in Love\"; \"Midnight Groove\"; \"My Sweet Summer Suite\", Remake of \"Theme From King Kong\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "\"Sho' You Right\" made it to the Billboard R&B charts, peaking at No. 17."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "In 1989 he released The Man Is Back!"
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "and with it had three top 40 singles on the Billboard R&B charts: \"Super Lover\", which made it to No. 34, \" I Wanna Do It Good to Ya\", which made it to No. 26, and \"When Will I See You Again\", which made it to No. 32."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1960s",
"text": "White had no involvement with Bob & Earl's 1963 hit single \"Harlem Shuffle\", a song he has sometimes been credited with producing; in his 1999 autobiography, White confirmed the song had been produced by Gene Page, who had worked with him on many of White's 1970s successes."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s",
"text": "After participating in the song \"The Secret Garden (Sweet Seduction Suite)\" from Quincy Jones's 1989 album Back on the Block, White mounted an effective comeback with several albums, each more successful than the last."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A two-time Grammy Award–winner known for his distinctive bass-baritone voice and romantic image, his greatest success came in the 1970s as a solo singer and with The Love Unlimited Orchestra, crafting many enduring soul, funk, and disco songs such as his two biggest hits: \" You're the First, the Last,"
}
] |
White had most his success in the 1980s.
| 0 | 0 |
Barry White
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hubbell's primary pitch was the screwball."
}
] |
uONIfa8wnz3LByXF0Roe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carl Owen Hubbell (June 22, 1903 – November 21, 1988), nicknamed \"The Meal Ticket\" and \"King Carl\", was an American Major League Baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two children: Carl Jr. (b. 1936) and James."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Hubbell would go 10–6 in his first major league season and would pitch his entire career for the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In its 1936 World Series cover story about Lou Gehrig and Carl Hubbell, Time magazine depicted the Fall Classic that year between crosstown rivals Giants and Yankees as \"a personal struggle between Hubbell and Gehrig\", calling Hubbell \"... currently baseball's No. 1 Pitcher and among the half dozen ablest in the game's annals."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Hubbell finished his career with a 253–154 record, 1677 strikeouts, 724 walks, 36 shutouts and a 2.98 ERA, in 35901⁄3 innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Carl Jr. had a brief career in the lower minor leagues and later was a career officer in the United States Marine Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hubbell's primary pitch was the screwball."
},
{
"section_header": "All-Star Game record",
"text": "In 1984, the 50th anniversary of this legendary performance, Hubbell was on hand for the 1984 All-Star Game at San Francisco's Candlestick Park to throw out the first pitch, which was a screwball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He led the league in innings pitched in 1933 (308)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He pitched a no-hitter against the Pittsburgh Pirates (11–0, May 8, 1929)."
}
] |
Carl Hubbell main pitch was changeball.
| 2 | 7 |
Carl Hubbell
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope boasted that this sold more than three thousand copies in its first four days."
}
] |
uOyXZw14cAV41iqKUVU0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the most commonly cited examples of high burlesque, it was first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellaneous Poems and Translations (May 1712) in two cantos (334 lines); a revised edition \"Written by Mr. Pope\" followed in March 1714 as a five-canto version (794 lines) accompanied by six engravings."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "Pope's poem uses the traditional high stature of classical epics to emphasise the triviality of the incident."
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "more \"burlesque than sublimity\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope boasted that this sold more than three thousand copies in its first four days."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Modern adaptations of The Rape of the Lock include Deborah Mason's opera-ballet, on which the composer worked since 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "The 1714 edition of The Rape of the Lock and those that followed from Lintot's press had come with six woodcuts designed by Louis Du Guernier."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "[it] inscribes Belinda's name\", contributed to the eventual naming of three of the moons of Uranus after characters from The Rape of the Lock: Umbriel, Ariel, and Belinda."
},
{
"section_header": "Parody and interpretation",
"text": "Meanwhile, in Britain most illustrations of the work were descending into \"high kitsch and low camp\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Dedicatory letter",
"text": "The best account I know of them is in a French book called Le Comte de Gabalis, which both in its title and size is so like a novel, that many of the fair sex have read it for one by mistake."
}
] |
The Rape of the Lock is a poem about high burlesque and that sold only 2000 books.
| 0 | 0 |
The Rape of the Lock
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | Gothic elements",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is the first supernatural English novel and one of the most influential works of Gothic fiction."
}
] |
uP7gKc7daMbikyk57Fbt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "From the Original Italian of Onuphrio Muralto, Canon of the Church of St. Nicholas at Otranto."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto was written in 1764 during Horace Walpole's tenure as MP for King's Lynn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is a book by Horace Walpole first published in 1764 and generally regarded as the first gothic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and adaptations | Literary",
"text": "She explained: This Story is the literary offspring of The Castle of Otranto, written upon the same plan, with a design to unite the most attractive and interesting circumstances of the ancient Romance and modern Novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The aesthetic of the book has shaped modern-day gothic books, films, art, music and the goth subculture."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | The Castle of Otranto and Shakespeare",
"text": "The poet Thomas Gray told Walpole that the novel made \"some of us cry a little, and all in general afraid to go to bed o’nights.\" The first and most obvious connection to William Shakespeare is presented by Horace Walpole himself, in the preface to the second edition of Otranto, in which he \"praises Shakespeare as a truly original genius and the exemplar of imaginative liberty, as a part of a defense of Otranto's design\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The book begins on the wedding-day of his sickly son Conrad and princess Isabella."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Italian manuscript's story, it was claimed, derived from a story still older, dating back perhaps as far as the Crusades."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This Italian manuscript, along with alleged author \"Onuphrio Muralto\", were Walpole's fictional creations, and \"William Marshal\" his pseudonym."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact and adaptations | Literary",
"text": "At that point, the critics and populace who had praised it turned on the book, claiming it was superficial, and other pejoratives generally assigned to romantic novels, which were seen as inferior in Britain at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary elements | Gothic elements",
"text": "The Castle of Otranto is the first supernatural English novel and one of the most influential works of Gothic fiction."
}
] |
The book The Castle of Otranto was originally written in Italian.
| 0 | 0 |
The Castle of Otranto
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries."
}
] |
uPQjiAd2rDHTQgcTjy29
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "In addition, from the official establishment of the dynasty in 1501, the dynasty would continue to have many intermarriages with both Circassian as well as again"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty (; Persian: دودمان صفوی, romanized: Dudmâne Safavi, pronounced [d̪uːd̪ˈmɒːne sæfæˈviː]) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran from 1501 to 1736."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Safavid dynasty had its origin in the Safavid order of Sufism, which was established in the city of Ardabil in the Iranian Azerbaijan region."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "Furthermore, the dynasty was from the very start thoroughly intermarried with both Pontic Greek as well as Georgian lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was an Iranian dynasty of Kurdish origin, but during their rule they intermarried with Turkoman, Georgian, Circassian, and Pontic Greek dignitaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From their base in Ardabil, the Safavids established control over parts of Greater Iran and reasserted the Iranian identity of the region, thus becoming the first native dynasty since the Sasanian Empire to establish a national state officially known as Iran."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "Traditional pre-1501 Safavid manuscripts trace the lineage of the Safavids to the Kurdish dignitary, Firuz-Shah Zarrin-Kolah."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "According to historians, including Vladimir Minorsky and Roger Savory, the Safavids were of Turkicized Iranian origin: From the evidence available at the present time, it is certain that the Safavid family was of indigenous Iranian stock, and not of Turkish ancestry as it is sometimes claimed."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "By the time of the establishment of the Safavid empire, the members of the family were Turkicized and Turkish-speaking, and some of the Shahs composed poems in their then-native Turkish language."
},
{
"section_header": "Genealogy—ancestors of the Safavids and its multi-cultural identity",
"text": "The Safavid Kings themselves claimed to be sayyids, family descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, although many scholars have cast doubt on this claim."
}
] |
The Safavid Dynasty was predominant in the Arabic countries.
| 3 | 6 |
Safavid dynasty
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Indian films Kabzaa (1988) and Ghulam (1998) are inspired by On the Waterfront."
}
] |
uPnSlf2XsSHeg4eyyFhY
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Real-life basis for characters",
"text": "The character of Johnny Friendly was partially based on International Longshoremen's Association East River dock boss Michael Clemente."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay and political context",
"text": "he had resisted Columbia's desire to make the movie \"pro-American\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes: \"You don't understand!"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1997, it was ranked by the American Film Institute as the eighth-greatest American movie of all time; in AFI's 2007 list, it was ranked 19th."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – #8 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains: Terry Malloy –"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers – #36 AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – #19"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Real-life basis for characters",
"text": "The character of Father Barry was based on the real-life \"waterfront priest\" Father John M. Corridan, a Jesuit priest and graduate of Regis High School who operated a Roman Catholic labor school on the west side of Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was suggested by \"Crime on the Waterfront\" by Malcolm Johnson, a series of articles published in November–December 1948 in the New York Sun which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, but the screenplay by Budd Schulberg is directly based on his own original story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Indian films Kabzaa (1988) and Ghulam (1998) are inspired by On the Waterfront."
}
] |
A few international movies are based from "On the Waterfront".
| 3 | 7 |
On the Waterfront
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The University of Kansas constructed an $18 million building named the Debruce Center, which houses the rules and opened in March 2016.In July 2019, Naismith was inducted into the Canada Walk of Fame."
}
] |
uQO35xya51LEuZjcC8OU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The University of Kansas constructed an $18 million building named the Debruce Center, which houses the rules and opened in March 2016.In July 2019, Naismith was inducted into the Canada Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Naismith was also inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, the McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, the Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame, FIBA Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "On June 21, 2013, Dr. Naismith was inducted into the Kansas Hall of Fame during ceremonies in Topeka."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The same year he left Canada for Springfield, Massachusetts, he invented the game of basketball."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His mother, Margaret Young, was born in 1833 and immigrated to Lanark County, Canada in 1852 as the fourth of 11 children."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "Smith and Rupp have joined Naismith and Allen as members of the Basketball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaching record",
"text": "Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Phog Allen, who himself coached Hall of Fame coaches Dean Smith, Adolph Rupp, and Ralph Miller who all coached future coaches as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, is named in his honor, and he was an inaugural inductee in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "There, Naismith handed out the medals to three North American teams: the United States, for the gold medal, Canada, for the silver medal, and Mexico, for their bronze medal."
}
] |
In July 2019, he was inducted into the Canada Walk of Fame.
| 2 | 4 |
James Naismith
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Salma Sultan provided the first news of her assassination on Doordarshan's evening news on 31 October 1984, more than 10 hours after she was shot."
}
] |
uR3oYkmVdYL8UNeqhWr1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "After her death, the Parade Ground was converted to the Indira Gandhi Park which was inaugurated by her son, Rajiv Gandhi."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Salma Sultan provided the first news of her assassination on Doordarshan's evening news on 31 October 1984, more than 10 hours after she was shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Attributing her assassination to Sikh bodyguards , Gandhi's cremation was followed by large scale anti-Sikh riots in Delhi and several other cities in which nearly three thousand people were killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous honours",
"text": "The Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust also constituted the annual Indira Gandhi Prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Gandhi was cremated on 3 November near Raj Ghat."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Gandhi was taken to the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences at 9:30 AM where doctors operated on her."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "Dr. Dogra stated that Gandhi had sustained as many as 30 bullet wounds, from two sources: a Sterling submachine gun and a pistol."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "The day before her death (30 October 1984), Gandhi visited Odisha where she gave her last speech at the then Parade Ground in front of the Secretariat of Odisha."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Indira Gandhi was born Indira Nehru into a Kashmiri Pandit family on 19 November 1917 in Allahabad."
},
{
"section_header": "Family, personal life and outlook",
"text": "To the rural and urban poor, untouchables, minorities and women in India, Gandhi was \"Indira Amma or Mother Indira.\" She married Feroze Gandhi at the age of 25, in 1942."
}
] |
Indira Gandhi was assassinated.
| 0 | 0 |
Indira Gandhi
|
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