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Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Verisign Inc. is an American company based in Reston, Virginia, United States that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the Internet's thirteen root nameservers, the authoritative registry for the .com, .net, and .name generic top-level domains and the .cc"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ".edu top-level domains. Verisign also offers a range of security services, including managed DNS, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack mitigation and cyber-threat reporting."
}
] |
v1nUSWi2sYy2PtLAUrVG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Verisign was founded in 1995 as a spin-off of the RSA Security certification services business."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "The company completed its move at the end of November 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "Verisign began shopping that year for a new permanent home shortly after moving."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "In addition to its Reston headquarters, Verisign owns three data center properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "Verisign also leases an office suite in downtown Washington, D.C., on K street where its government relations office is located."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "Following the sale of its authentication services division in 2010, Verisign relocated from its former headquarters in Mountain View, California, to the headquarters of the naming division in Sterling, Virginia (originally NSI Registry's headquarters)."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | 2005: Retains .net domain",
"text": "In mid-2005, the existing contract for the operation of .net expired and five companies, including Verisign, bid for management of it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company is incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "They signed a lease for 12061 Bluemont Way in Reston, the former Sallie Mae headquarters, in 2010 and decided to purchase the building in September 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Company properties",
"text": "They have since terminated their lease of their current space in two buildings at Lakeside@Loudoun Technology Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Verisign Inc. is an American company based in Reston, Virginia, United States that operates a diverse array of network infrastructure, including two of the Internet's thirteen root nameservers, the authoritative registry for the .com, .net, and .name generic top-level domains and the .cc"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ".edu top-level domains. Verisign also offers a range of security services, including managed DNS, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack mitigation and cyber-threat reporting."
}
] |
Verisign is a Canadian company that started in 1995.
| 0 | 6 |
Verisign
|
Popular Culture
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
}
] |
v2UtTmhnBzr1Mmwyky4P
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The appearance of the novel was a highly anticipated event as Victor Hugo was considered one of France's foremost poets in the middle of the nineteenth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "The century that Waterloo was intended to arrest has pursued its march."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "One critic has called this \"the spiritual gateway\" to the novel, as its chance encounter of Thénardier and Colonel Pontmercy foreshadows so many of the novel's encounters \"blending chance and necessity\", a \"confrontation of heroism and villainy\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "One biographer noted that \"the digressions of genius are easily pardoned\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Towards the end of the novel, Hugo explains the work's overarching structure: The book which the reader has before him at this moment is, from one end to the other, in its entirety and details ... a progress from evil to good, from injustice to justice, from falsehood to truth, from night to day, from appetite to conscience, from corruption to life; from bestiality to duty, from hell to heaven, from nothingness to God."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form | Digressions",
"text": "The one about convents he titles \"Parenthesis\" to alert the reader to its irrelevance to the story line."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Hugo explained his ambitions for the novel to his Italian publisher: I don't know whether it will be read by everyone, but it is meant for everyone."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Upton Sinclair described the novel as \"one of the half-dozen greatest novels of the world\", and remarked that Hugo set forth the purpose of Les Misérables in the Preface: So long as there shall exist, by reason of law and custom, a social condemnation, which, in the face of civilization, artificially creates hells on earth, and complicates a destiny that is divine with human fatality; so long as the three problems of the age—the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night—are not solved; so long as, in certain regions, social asphyxia shall be possible; in other words, and from a yet more extended point of view, so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless."
}
] |
It is one of the most notable novels of the 20th century.
| 3 | 6 |
Les Misérables
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889."
}
] |
v2YIipCCAWsKF8NpdagE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884, before fading away."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Greenback Party (known successively as the Independent Party, the National Independent Party, and the Greenback Labor Party) was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Decline and dissolution",
"text": "In the election of 1886, only two dozen Greenback candidates ran for the House, apart from another six who ran on fusion tickets."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Legacy",
"text": "Many Greenback activists, including 1880 Presidential nominee James B. Weaver, later participated in the Populist Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Development",
"text": "Ideological similarities also existed between the Grange (The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry) and the Greenback movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "Several regional conventions took place in 1875, merging the activities of local political parties towards a single end."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | The 1873 economic crisis and the response",
"text": "With the Democratic Party still discredited in the minds of many Northerners for its pro-Southern orientation and the Republican Party dominated by pro-gold interests, conditions had become ripe for the emergence of a new political organization to challenge the political hegemony of the two established parties of American politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Establishment",
"text": "The Greenback Party of 1876 drew the support almost exclusively from farmers — few urban workmen cast ballots for the Greenback ticket."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Decline and dissolution",
"text": "Much of the Greenback news in early 1888 took place in Michigan, where the party remained active."
},
{
"section_header": "Organizational history | Development",
"text": "The town of Greenback, Tennessee, was named after the Greenback Party about 1882.The party seems to have made use of slightly different official names in some states, with the organization appearing on the ballot in the November 1880"
}
] |
Greenback Party was an American political party with an anti-monopoly ideology which was active between 1874 and 1889, and ran candidates in three presidential elections—in the elections of 1876, 1880, and 1884.
| 0 | 0 |
Greenback Party
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended DePauw University, where he played first base for the DePauw baseball team and ran track."
}
] |
v37znKNBklTg9XWdGRQz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Frick was posthumously inducted into the DePauw University Athletic Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He graduated in 1915. He had been a member of Phi Kappa Psi fraternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended DePauw University, where he played first base for the DePauw baseball team and ran track."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick had a pilot fly him there, but instead of landing they circled low over the city while Frick took notes and photographs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick was also a broadcaster for WOR in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Frick married Eleanor Cowing in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick went to Colorado to play semipro baseball in Walsenburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his stint as a baseball player, Frick lived in Colorado Springs."
},
{
"section_header": "NL President",
"text": "The Cardinals made peace with Frick so that Dean could return to play."
},
{
"section_header": "NL President",
"text": "Frick said that there was no rule discriminating against players on the basis of race."
}
] |
Fork Frick graduated from Harvard University.
| 1 | 2 |
Ford Frick
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin, their eighth child, was Josiah Franklin's fifteenth child overall, and his tenth and final son."
}
] |
v3Esk8gHYYC7K6q0cxYB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": ", Franklin is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. January 6, 1706] – April 17, 1790) was an American polymath and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "As a founding father of the United States, Franklin's name has been attached to many things."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Constitutional Convention",
"text": "He is the only Founding Father who is a signatory of all four of the major documents of the founding of the United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Treaty of Paris and the United States Constitution."
},
{
"section_header": "Inventions and scientific inquiries | Electricity",
"text": "The CGS unit of electric charge has been named after him: one franklin (Fr) is equal to one statcoulomb."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life in Boston",
"text": "He was one of seventeen children born to Josiah Franklin, and one of ten born by Josiah's second wife, Abiah Folger; the daughter of Peter Foulger and Mary Morrill."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Places and things named after Benjamin Franklin",
"text": "The Franklin Inn Club, founded in 1902 as a literary society, was one of the four historic gentlemen's clubs in Philadelphia's Center City and was the first to open membership to women in Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Early steps in Pennsylvania",
"text": "The College was to become influential in guiding the founding documents of the United States: in the Continental Congress, for example, over one-third of the college-affiliated men who contributed the Declaration of Independence between September 4, 1774, and July 4, 1776, was affiliated with the College."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life | Postmaster",
"text": "On July 26, 1775, the Second Continental Congress established the United States Post Office and named Benjamin Franklin as the first United States Postmaster General."
},
{
"section_header": "Slavery",
"text": "At the time of the American Founding, there were about half a million slaves in the United States, mostly in the five southernmost states, where they made up 40 percent of the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Ancestry",
"text": "Benjamin, their eighth child, was Josiah Franklin's fifteenth child overall, and his tenth and final son."
}
] |
Benjamin Franklin was one of founding fathers of the United States and was one of nine children.
| 1 | 3 |
Benjamin Franklin
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Commodore Vanderbilt willed amounts ranging from $250,000 to $500,000 to each of his daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His descendants were the ones who built the Vanderbilt houses that characterize America's Gilded Age. (Although his daughters and Cornelius received bequests much smaller than those of their brother William"
}
] |
v3Gaz0TM2F2Cc9uOe46z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Descendants",
"text": "Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt was childless when he committed suicide, in 1882, and George Washington Vanderbilt died during the Civil War, before having any children."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "He bought large amounts of real estate in Manhattan and Staten Island, and took over the Staten Island Ferry in 1838."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Allegedly, William paid the spiritualist (a Mr. Stoddard) to suggest the \"spirits\"—during a point in the session when said spiritualist would fall into a \"trance\" in the Commodore's presence—claimed William would be the most trustworthy to inherit the estate and business and that his other children actually hated him and were just waiting for him to die."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He chose to be buried there. Cornelius Vanderbilt died on January 4, 1877, at his residence, № 10 Washington Place, after having been confined to his rooms for about eight months."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His descendants were the ones who built the Vanderbilt houses that characterize America's Gilded Age. (Although his daughters and Cornelius received bequests much smaller than those of their brother William"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Commodore Vanderbilt willed amounts ranging from $250,000 to $500,000 to each of his daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Descendants",
"text": "Cornelius' youngest grandson through William, George Washington Vanderbilt II, built the 250-room Biltmore Estate in the mountains of Asheville, North Carolina, as his main residence with part of his inheritance from his grandfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "William's eldest son, Cornelius Vanderbilt II, received $5 million in the will, while his three younger sons—William Kissam Vanderbilt, Frederick William Vanderbilt, and George Washington Vanderbilt II—received $2 million apiece."
},
{
"section_header": "Steamboat entrepreneur",
"text": "At the end of the year, the monopoly paid him a large amount to stop competing, and he switched his operations to Long Island Sound."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Still, all told, comparatively very little from the—by far—largest estate in the world at that time."
}
] |
Cornelius Vanderbilt's children did not receive equal amounts from his estate after he died.
| 0 | 0 |
Cornelius Vanderbilt
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom."
}
] |
v3nKdoN0uxe6hStZN6zd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Roman London",
"text": "At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000."
},
{
"section_header": "Education | Tertiary education",
"text": "With 178,735 students in London and around 48,000 in University of London Worldwide, the federal University of London is the largest contact teaching university in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "In terms of population, London is the 19th largest city and the 18th largest metropolitan region."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Aviation",
"text": "London Gatwick Airport, south of London in West Sussex, handles flights to more destinations than any other UK airport and is the main base of easyJet, the UK's largest airline by number of passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport | Aviation",
"text": "London Stansted Airport, north-east of London in Essex, has flights that serve the greatest number of European destinations of any UK airport and is the main base of Ryanair, the world's largest international airline by number of international passengers."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "In 2015 the top most-visited attractions in the UK were all in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Its estimated mid-2018 municipal population (corresponding to Greater London) was 8,908,081, the third most populous of any city in Europe and accounts for 13.4% of the UK population."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Late modern and contemporary",
"text": "London was the world's largest city from c.1831 to 1925, with a population density of 325 people per hectare."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | The City of London",
"text": "London's largest industry is finance, and its financial exports make it a large contributor to the UK's balance of payments."
}
] |
London is the 2nd largest city of the UK.
| 1 | 6 |
London
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Linda asks Willy for forgiveness for being unable to cry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the requiem, Linda and Happy stand in shock after Willy's poorly attended funeral."
}
] |
v3o8uVJYUkaznpd5UCBq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Compared to Tennessee Williams and Beckett, Arthur Miller and his Death of a Salesman were less influential."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "It was said that \"it was impossible to get the audience to leave the theatre\" at the end of the performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Both leave, and though the daydream ends, Willy continues to mutter to himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "Death of a Salesman was welcomed in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A younger Linda enters, and the boys leave to do some chores."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United States",
"text": "Death of a Salesman first opened on February 10, 1949, to great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The young Bernard tells Linda that Biff failed math."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As Ben is about to leave, Willy daydreams further, and Charley and Bernard rush in to tell him that Biff and Happy are stealing lumber."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Linda asks Willy for forgiveness for being unable to cry."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the requiem, Linda and Happy stand in shock after Willy's poorly attended funeral."
}
] |
At the end of Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, Linda tells her husband to leave her.
| 0 | 0 |
Death of a Salesman
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first modern masterpiece in the genre of tragicomedy."
}
] |
v3oi2q8uccvpLtDV7RS9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Most prized is the wild duck they rescued."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is considered the first modern masterpiece in the genre of tragicomedy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Hedvig adds that he also will not have time to spend in the loft with the wild duck."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Crushed, Hedvig remembers the wild duck and goes to the loft with a pistol."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Robert Ferguson notes that The Wild Duck did not come easily to Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Gregers tries to calm the distraught Hedvig by suggesting that she sacrifice the wild duck for her father's happiness."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Premiere",
"text": "The Wild Duck premiered 9 January 1885 at Den Nationale Scene, Bergen, Norway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wild Duck (original Norwegian title: Vildanden) is an 1884 play by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "After hearing a shot, the family assumes Old Ekdal is hunting in the loft, but Gregers knows he has shot the wild duck for Hedvig."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Broadway",
"text": "Produced by Arthur Hopkins, the first English-language production of The Wild Duck opened March 11, 1918, at the Plymouth Theatre in New York City."
}
] |
The Wild Duck is a tragicomedy.
| 1 | 3 |
The Wild Duck
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rains was considered to be \"one of the screen's great character stars\" who was, according to the All-Movie Guide, \"at his best when playing cultured villains\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his American film debut as Dr. Jack Griffin in The Invisible Man (1933) he appeared in classic films such as The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Wolf Man (1941), Casablanca and Kings Row (both 1942), Notorious (1946) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962)."
}
] |
v4JOTApRD4lOLGq5Bzsr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Claude Rains: truly a class act, on and off screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One day on the set I mentioned to him that 'Notorious' was one of my favorite films, and Claude related with amusement the filming of a particular scene with Ingrid Bergman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Claude Rains (10 November 1889 – 30 May 1967) was a British-American film and stage actor whose career spanned almost seven decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "A number of clips from many of her most successful films were shown and I was particularly delighted, when, as soon as Claude Rains appeared in the close-up of one of the clips, the whole audience burst into a great wave of applause."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "He knew everybody's part. He knew the whole script before he came out (to film)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bette Davis often cited Rains as one of her favorite actors and colleagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Many years after Rains had gone to Hollywood and become a well-known film actor, John Gielgud is reputed to have commented, \"He was a great influence on me."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "He was extremely attractive and needless to say, all the girls in my class were hopelessly in love with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "Claude Rains was one of my teachers at RADA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rains was considered to be \"one of the screen's great character stars\" who was, according to the All-Movie Guide, \"at his best when playing cultured villains\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his American film debut as Dr. Jack Griffin in The Invisible Man (1933) he appeared in classic films such as The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), The Wolf Man (1941), Casablanca and Kings Row (both 1942), Notorious (1946) and Lawrence of Arabia (1962)."
}
] |
Claude Rains was fortunate to a class villain with parts in many favorite American films.
| 0 | 0 |
Claude Rains
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "nicknamed \"The Maid of Orléans\" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France, along with Saint Denis, Saint Martin of Tours, Saint Louis, Saint Michael, Saint Rémi, Saint Petronilla, Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux."
}
] |
v4RPduqu95U5XoZGuX34
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events | Canonization",
"text": "She was canonized as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church on 16 May 1920 by Pope Benedict XV in his bull Divina disponente."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joan of Arc is one of the nine secondary patron saints of France, along with Saint Denis, Saint Martin of Tours, Saint Louis, Saint Michael, Saint Rémi, Saint Petronilla, Saint Radegund and Saint Thérèse of Lisieux."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "nicknamed \"The Maid of Orléans\" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events | Canonization",
"text": "Joan of Arc became a symbol of the Catholic League during the 16th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous events | Canonization",
"text": "When Félix Dupanloup was made bishop of Orléans in 1849, he pronounced a fervid panegyric on Joan of Arc, which attracted attention in England as well as France, and he led the efforts which culminated in Joan of Arc's beatification in 1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She gained prominence after the siege was lifted only nine days later."
},
{
"section_header": "Visions",
"text": "She identified Saint Margaret, Saint Catherine, and Saint Michael as the sources of her revelations, although there is some ambiguity as to which of several identically named saints she intended."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "World War I songs include \"Joan of Arc, They Are Calling You\", and \"Joan of Arc's Answer Song\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Alleged relics",
"text": "\"Remains found under the stake of Joan of Arc, virgin of Orleans."
},
{
"section_header": "Revisionist theories",
"text": "The standard accounts of the life of Joan of Arc have been challenged by revisionist authors."
}
] |
Joan of Arc was canonized as one of nine Roman Catholic saints.
| 0 | 0 |
Joan of Arc
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər; German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] (listen); 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory."
}
] |
v4xpaWAse7RLmKGuzsv6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Selected bibliography",
"text": "Euler, Leonhard (2015). Elements of Algebra."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Soon after the birth of Leonhard, the Eulers moved from Basel to the town of Riehen, Switzerland, where Leonhard spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In his eulogy for the French Academy, French mathematician and philosopher Marquis de Condorcet, wrote: il cessa de calculer et de vivre— ... he ceased to calculate and to live."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal philosophy and religious beliefs",
"text": "The French philosopher Denis Diderot was visiting Russia on Catherine the Great's invitation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Return to Russia and death",
"text": "In 1785, the Russian Academy of Sciences put a marble bust of Leonhard Euler on a pedestal next to the Director's seat and, in 1837, placed a headstone on Euler's grave."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A statement attributed to Pierre-Simon Laplace expresses Euler's influence on mathematics: \"Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all.\" Leonhard Euler was born on 15 April 1707, in Basel, Switzerland, to Paul III Euler, a pastor of the Reformed Church, and Marguerite née Brucker, another pastor's daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Paul was a friend of the Bernoulli family; Johann Bernoulli, then regarded as Europe's foremost mathematician, would eventually be the most important influence on young Leonhard."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At that time Euler's main studies included theology, Greek and Hebrew at his father's urging to become a pastor, but Bernoulli convinced his father that Leonhard was destined to become a great mathematician."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonhard Euler ( OY-lər; German: [ˈɔʏlɐ] (listen); 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, geographer, logician and engineer who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Saint Petersburg",
"text": "Euler succeeded him as the head of the mathematics department."
}
] |
Leonhard Euler was a French teacher of mathematics.
| 0 | 0 |
Leonhard Euler
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Edward was the fourth of their seven children."
}
] |
v52PdptT8oyrR0f3a5Qc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Edward Elgar was born in the small village of Lower Broadheath, outside Worcester, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Edward was the fourth of their seven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "He played in the violins at the Worcester and Birmingham Festivals, and one great experience was to play Dvořák's Symphony No. 6 and Stabat Mater under the composer's baton."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | National and international fame",
"text": "\" To mark the coronation of Edward VII, Elgar was commissioned to set A. C. Benson's Coronation Ode for a gala concert at the Royal Opera House in June 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Edward William Elgar, 1st Baronet, (; 2 June 1857 – 23 February 1934) was an English composer, many of whose works have entered the British and international classical concert repertoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Reputation",
"text": "In 1924, the music scholar Edward J. Dent wrote an article for a German music journal in which he identified four features of Elgar's style that gave offence to a section of English opinion (namely, Dent indicated, the academic and snobbish section): \"too emotional\", \"not quite free from vulgarity\", \"pompous\", and \"too deliberately noble in expression\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, awards and commemorations",
"text": "It depicts Elgar with his bicycle."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, awards and commemorations",
"text": "The house in Lower Broadheath where Elgar was born is now the Elgar Birthplace Museum, devoted to his life and work."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Last years",
"text": "Elgar was devastated by the loss of his wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "All the Elgar children received a musical upbringing."
}
] |
Edward Elgar was the youngest his 6 siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Edward Elgar
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally published under the pseudonym \"Victoria Lucas\" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both Plath's husband, Ted Hughes, and her mother."
}
] |
v5ECfRBJOeB9f7CQ45Lt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bell Jar is the only novel written by the American writer and poet Sylvia Plath."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Then at top speed and with very little revision from start to finish she wrote The Bell Jar,\" he explained."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Bell Jar received \"warily positive reviews.\" The short time span between the publication of the book and Plath's suicide resulted in \"few innocent readings\" of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes | Mental health",
"text": "Throughout the novel, Esther talks of this bell jar suffocating her and recognizes moments of clarity when the bell jar is lifted."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "A good portion of this part of the novel closely resembles the experiences chronicled by Mary Jane Ward in her autobiographical novel The Snake Pit; Plath later stated that she had seen reviews of The Snake Pit and believed the public wanted to see \"mental health stuff,\" so she deliberately based details of Esther's hospitalization on the procedures and methods outlined in Ward's book."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and adaptations",
"text": "Iris Jamahl Dunkle wrote of the novel that \"often, when the novel appears in American films and television series, it stands as a symbol for teenage angst.\"Larry"
},
{
"section_header": "Style and major themes | Mental health",
"text": "However, when considering the nature of Sylvia Plath's own life and death and the parallels between The Bell Jar and her life, it is hard to ignore the theme of mental illness."
},
{
"section_header": "Parallels between Plath's life and the novel",
"text": "The woman claimed that Plath had put so many details of the students' lives into The Bell Jar that \"they could never look at each other again,\" and that it had caused the breakup of her marriage and possibly others."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"On November 5, 2019, the BBC News listed The Bell Jar on its list of the 100 most inspiring novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Plath finished writing the novel in August 1961."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Originally published under the pseudonym \"Victoria Lucas\" in 1963, the novel is semi-autobiographical, with the names of places and people changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was published under Plath's name for the first time in 1967 and was not published in the United States until 1971, in accordance with the wishes of both Plath's husband, Ted Hughes, and her mother."
}
] |
The Bell Jar is a novel by the poet Sylvia Plath but she wasn't given credit for the novel because someone else said they wrote the book.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bell Jar
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks."
}
] |
v5j8uf4NVJK9yzHrOesJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "As the first Sherlock Holmes story published, A Study in Scarlet was among the first to be adapted to the screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story marks the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, who would become the most famous detective duo in popular fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The story, and its main characters, attracted little public interest when it first appeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is one of the stories missing from the adaptations made starring Jeremy Brett between 1984 and 1994.Steven Moffat loosely adapted A Study in Scarlet into \"A Study in Pink\" as the first episode of the 2010 BBC television series Sherlock featuring Benedict Cumberbatch as a 21st-century Sherlock Holmes, and Martin Freeman as Dr. Watson."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet was adapted as the first two episodes of the BBC's complete Sherlock Holmes 1989–1998 radio series."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The story was more closely adapted in the season 4 episode, \"A Study in Charlotte.\" \"The First Adventure\", the first episode of the 2014 NHK puppetry series Sherlock Holmes, is loosely based on A Study in Scarlet and \"The Adventure of the Six Napoleons\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "It is also a lost film. The 1933 film entitled A Study in Scarlet, starring Reginald Owen as Sherlock Holmes and Anna May Wong as Mrs Pyke, bears no plot relation to the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "A second edition appeared the following year and was illustrated by George Hutchinson; a year later in 1890, J. B. Lippincott & Co. released the first American version."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Study in Scarlet is an 1887 detective novel written by Arthur Conan Doyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Aside from Holmes, Watson, Mrs. Hudson, and Inspector Lestrade, the only connections to the Holmes canon are a few lifts of character names (Jabez Wilson, etc.) The plot contains an element of striking resemblance to one used several years later in Agatha Christie's novel"
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Conan Doyle wrote the novel at the age of 27 in less than three weeks."
}
] |
A Study in Scarlet novel was the first appearance of the Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson characters and took 3 years to write.
| 5 | 5 |
A Study in Scarlet
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "A member of the Dominican Order (as a lay tertiary) of the Catholic Church, she was buried in a nun's habit."
}
] |
v6QymwCJJFuuW6kktSFU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Universal melodramas and television",
"text": "Pine-Thomas Productions put Wyman in Lucy Gallant (1955) with Charlton Heston."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "That same year, she began a radio singing career, calling herself Jane Durrell and adding years to her birth date to work legally because she was under-aged."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Semi-retirement | Falcon Crest",
"text": "However, she wanted to continue working, and she completed the rest of the 1988–1989 season while her health continued to deteriorate."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages | Ernest Wyman",
"text": "Wyman recorded her name as 'Jane Fulks' on the wedding certificate."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Death",
"text": "A member of the Dominican Order (as a lay tertiary) of the Catholic Church, she was buried in a nun's habit."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages | Frederick Karger",
"text": "She was a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Universal melodramas and television",
"text": "Wyman began a TV series Jane Wyman Presents The Fireside Theatre (1955–58)."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio appearances",
"text": "The Martin and Lewis Show Jane Wyman November 30, 1951"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jane Wyman (WY-MEN; born Sarah Jane Mayfield; January 5, 1917 – September 10, 2007) was an American actress, singer, dancer, and philanthropist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Universal melodramas and television",
"text": "In its first season it was known as Fireside Theatre then being changed to Jane Wyman Theatre."
}
] |
Jane Wyman was put to rest in the same famous outfit that "sisters" in the catholic clergy wear.
| 0 | 0 |
Jane Wyman
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Cabot married Mattea around 1470, and had issue including three sons: Ludovico Caboto"
}
] |
v7B8vZi9S1StD6GVYCzo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Final voyage",
"text": "The Spanish envoy in London reported in July that one of the ships had been caught in a storm and been forced to land in Ireland, but that Cabot and the other four ships had continued on."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "John Cabot Academy is an independent school in Bristol, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "John Cabot Catholic Secondary School in Mississauga, Ontario"
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Second voyage",
"text": "Information about the 1497 voyage comes mostly from four short letters and an entry in a 1565 chronicle of the city of Bristol (then often spellt Bristow)."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and origins",
"text": "Cabot is known today as Giovanni Caboto in Italian, as Zuan Chabotto in Venetian, and as John Cabot in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Additional English voyages",
"text": "This revealed that Weston and Cabot had received rewards from King Henry VII in January 1498, following a royal audience, thereby confirming that the two explorers were involved by this stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Second voyage",
"text": "Ruddock said the letter contained \"new evidence supporting the claim that seamen of Bristol had already discovered land across the ocean before John Cabot's arrival in England.\" She contended that Bristol seamen had reached North America two decades before Cabot's expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Zuan Cabotto\" (i.e. John Cabot) is mentioned in a variety of Venetian records of the late 1480s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While in Valencia, \"John Cabot Montecalunya\" (as he is referred to in local documents) proposed plans for improvements to the harbour."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions | Final voyage",
"text": "These appear to place John Cabot in London by May 1500, albeit Jones and Condon have yet to publish their documentation."
},
{
"section_header": "Family",
"text": "Cabot married Mattea around 1470, and had issue including three sons: Ludovico Caboto"
}
] |
John Cabot had four boys and two girls.
| 3 | 7 |
John Cabot
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Churches",
"text": "These churches and basilicas are built in Romanesque (San Donato, Santa Maria di Castello, Commenda di San Giovanni di Pré), Gothic (San Matteo, Santo Stefano, Sant'Agostino), Baroque (San Siro) or Renaissance (Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano, San Pietro in Banchi) appearance, or a mix of different styles (Nostra Signora della Consolazione, Santissima Annunziata del Vastato; this last has a Baroque interior and a Neoclassicist façade)."
}
] |
v7PdIFgh0XvyGS7k2d1a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Walls and fortresses",
"text": "The city of Genoa during its long history at least since the 9th century had been protected by different line of defensive walls."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Genoa has been nicknamed la Superba (\"the proud one\") due to its glorious past and impressive landmarks, having been the capital of one of the most powerful maritime republics for over seven centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Churches",
"text": "These churches and basilicas are built in Romanesque (San Donato, Santa Maria di Castello, Commenda di San Giovanni di Pré), Gothic (San Matteo, Santo Stefano, Sant'Agostino), Baroque (San Siro) or Renaissance (Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano, San Pietro in Banchi) appearance, or a mix of different styles (Nostra Signora della Consolazione, Santissima Annunziata del Vastato; this last has a Baroque interior and a Neoclassicist façade)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Holy Chalice is now kept in the Genoa Cathedral. During its rise and its apogee, the Republic of Genoa founded colonies in many parts of the world from Crimea to North Africa, from Spain to the Americas, leaving valuable architectural works in many locations, and also extending its direct domain in numerous territories, including Corsica (now in France), Tabarka (now in Tunisia), Chios, Samos and Mytilene (now in Greece), and Southern Crimea."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Clemson University, based in South Carolina, United States has a villa in Genoa where architecture students and students in related fields can attend for a semester or year-long study program."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Churches",
"text": "Another interesting church in the neighborhoods of Genoa is San Siro di Struppa."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Churches",
"text": "This church is of artistic mention in that the tile depictions of the Via Crucis Stations along the brick path to the church."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Genoese Crusaders brought home a green glass goblet from the Levant, which the Genoese have long regarded as the Holy Grail."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Main sights",
"text": "The restoration of many of Genoa's churches and palaces in the 1980s and the 1990s contributed to the city's rebirth."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "There is an old saying that says: Genuensis ergo mercator, or \"A Genoese therefore a merchant\" but the Genoese were skilled sailors and ferocious warriors in addition (see also the Genoese crossbowmen).Throughout its existence the Republic had different forms of government,"
}
] |
Many churches in Genoa have a mix of different architecture due to it's long history.
| 2 | 7 |
Genoa
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "What we need is action—action!\" In May 1856, Brown and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre, a response to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces."
}
] |
v8dXPBsGPPjNutxOHJ1M
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Brown (May 9, 1800 – December 2, 1859) was an American abolitionist."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "1995. Reynolds, David S. (2005): John Brown, Abolitionist: The Man"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Secondary sources",
"text": "Scott, Otto, The Secret Six: John Brown and The Abolitionist Movement (1979)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Online",
"text": "Did In Kansas Battle of Osawatomie, 1856 John Brown, Abolitionist, by David Reynolds, 2005"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Paintings",
"text": "Though Brown had been a popular topic for many painters, The Legend of John Brown was the first series to explore his legacy from an African-American perspective."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Views of historians and other writers",
"text": "Malcolm X said that white people could not join his black nationalist Organization of Afro-American Unity, but \"if John Brown were still alive, we might accept him\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments | Historical markers",
"text": "Chambersburg, Pennsylvania: \"Abolitionist John Brown Boards in Chambersburg\" In rural Crawford County, Pennsylvania, there is a John Brown Road, and on it two historical markers at the site of Brown's house and tannery."
},
{
"section_header": "Transformative years in Springfield, Massachusetts",
"text": "Two years before Brown's arrival in Springfield, in 1844, the city's African-American abolitionists had founded the Sanford Street Free Church—now known as St. John's Congregational Church—which went on to become one of the United States' most prominent platforms for abolitionist speeches."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments | Historical markers",
"text": "John Brown who commanded at the Battle of Osawatomie August 30, 1856; who died and conquered American slavery on the scaffold at Charlestown Va. Dec. 2, 1859."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Literature",
"text": "Numerous American poets have written poems about him, including John Greenleaf Whittier, Louisa May Alcott, and Walt Whitman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "What we need is action—action!\" In May 1856, Brown and his supporters killed five supporters of slavery in the Pottawatomie massacre, a response to the sacking of Lawrence by pro-slavery forces."
}
] |
American abolitionist John Brown was nonviolent.
| 0 | 0 |
John Brown (abolitionist)
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In New York, the Anti-Masons supplanted the National Republicans as the primary opposition to the Democrats."
}
] |
v8n6Y0DXhjRQeJxLUAuH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "Soon the Democrats and Whigs recognized the convention's value in managing parties and campaigns and began to hold their own."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Anti-Masons emerged as an important third-party alternative to Andrew Jackson's Democrats and Adams's National Republicans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Political rise",
"text": "Though its candidate for Governor of New York, Solomon Southwick, was defeated, the Anti-Masonic Party became the main opposition party to the Jacksonian Democrats in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "By the late 1830s, many of the Anti-Masonic movement's members were moving to the Whigs, regarding that party as a better alternative to the Jacksonians, by then called Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In contrast to the Democrats, who always stressed unwavering party loyalty to the chosen candidates, the Anti-Masonic heritage to the Whigs included a distrust of behind-the-scenes political maneuvering by party bosses."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In New York, the Anti-Masons supplanted the National Republicans as the primary opposition to the Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "Examples include: William Wilkins, elected to the Senate in 1830 by a coalition of Democrats and Anti-Masons in the Pennsylvania General Assembly; and William Sprague, elected Speaker of the Rhode Island House of Representatives in 1831 by a coalition of Democrats and Anti-Masons."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In addition, the Anti-Masons aided in the rise of the Whig Party as the major alternative to the Democrats, with conventions, newspapers and Anti-Masonic positions on issues including internal improvements and tariffs being adopted by the Whigs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conventions and elections",
"text": "Although Harrison lost the election to Democratic candidate Martin Van Buren in 1836, his strength throughout the North was hailed by Anti-Masonic leaders because the Anti-Masonic Party was the first to officially place his name in contention."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Party foundation",
"text": "The Anti-Masonic Party was formed in Upstate New York in February 1828."
}
] |
Anti-Masonic Party rivaled Democrats once.
| 0 | 0 |
Anti-Masonic Party
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The jailer's daughter, forsaken, has gone mad."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She meets a troupe of local countrymen who want to perform a Morris dance before the king and queen."
}
] |
v94CmA3cAv8vf3dI7Gwt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play was not included in the First Folio (1623) or any of the subsequent Folios of Shakespeare's works, though it was included in the second Beaumont and Fletcher folio of 1679."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Links between The Two Noble Kinsmen and contemporaneous works point to 1613–1614 as its date of composition and first performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Shakespeare and Fletcher contributions",
"text": "Researchers have applied a range of tests and techniques to determine the relative shares of Shakespeare and Fletcher in the play in their attempts to distinguish the shares of Shakespeare and Fletcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play was entered into the Stationers' Register on 8 April 1634; the quarto was published later that year by the bookseller John Waterson, printed by Thomas Cotes."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In 1664, after theatres had re-opened after Charles II returned to the throne at the beginning of the English Restoration period, Sir William Davenant produced an adaptation of The Two Noble Kinsmen for the Duke's Company titled The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In addition to whatever public performances there were around 1613–1614, evidence suggests a performance of The Two Noble Kinsmen at Court in 1619."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She sings and babbles in the forest."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Gerald hails them, and they agree to watch the yokels perform a bizarre act for them, with the jailer's mad daughter dancing."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Modern revivals",
"text": "The production, directed by Will Block, re-purposed the Morris Dance as a hallucination featuring major characters from the Jailer's Daughter's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The jailer's daughter, forsaken, has gone mad."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "She meets a troupe of local countrymen who want to perform a Morris dance before the king and queen."
}
] |
The Two Noble Kinsmen is a tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare and includes a jailer's child losing her mind dancing, singing, and muttering nonsense to entertain royalty.
| 0 | 0 |
The Two Noble Kinsmen
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "But no longer at ease here, With an alien people clutching their gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
}
] |
v95dsAkeG1UMugreUOhS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "The book's title comes from the closing lines of T. S. Eliot's poem, The Journey of the Magi: We returned to our places, these Kingdoms,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Longer at Ease is a 1960 novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "But no longer at ease here, With an alien people clutching their gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel's title",
"text": "I should be glad of another death."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"No Longer at Ease\" debuted to largely positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Though set several decades after \"Things Fall Apart\", \"No Longer at Ease\" continues many of the themes from Achebe's first novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Furthermore, Achebe depicts a family continuity between Ogbuefi Okonkwo in \"Things Fall Apart\" and his grandson Obi Okonkwo in \"No Longer at Ease\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Mercedes Mackay of the Royal African Society noted that \"This second novel of Chinua Achebe is better than his first, and puts this Nigerian at the forefront of West African writers.\" Arthur Lerner of Los Angeles City College wrote that \"The second novel of this young Nigerian author continues the promise of its predecessor, Things Fall Apart.\" The novel was widely praised for its realistic and vivid depictions of life in Lagos in the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "When Obi indignantly rejects the offer, he is visited by the girl herself, who implies that she will bribe him with sexual favors for the scholarship, another offer Obi rejects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel is the second work in what is sometimes referred to as the \"African trilogy\", following Things Fall Apart and preceding Arrow of God."
}
] |
No Longer At Ease is a book by an African author and title comes from another book's lines.
| 2 | 3 |
No Longer At Ease
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse, ranking 5th in the world for its natural biodiversity."
}
] |
v9RuJSXz02Qt9rLXBYg4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "With over 200,000 different species, Mexico is home of 10–12% of the world's biodiversity."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "This gives Mexico one of the world's most diverse weather systems."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Mexico ranks fourth in the world in biodiversity and is one of the 17 megadiverse countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Because of its high biodiversity Mexico has also been a frequent site of bioprospecting by international research bodies."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "Mexico ranks first in biodiversity in reptiles with 707 known species, second in mammals with 438 species, fourth in amphibians with 290 species, and fourth in flora, with 26,000 different species."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "26 areas of protected flora and fauna, 4 areas for natural resource protection (conservation of soil, hydrological basins and forests) and 17 sanctuaries (zones rich in diverse species).The discovery of the Americas brought to the rest of the world many widely used food crops and edible plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Mexico is the country with the world's third largest solar potential."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "The government has taken another initiative in the late 1990s to broaden the people's knowledge, interest and use of the country's esteemed biodiversity, through the Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "By 2050, Mexico could potentially become the world's fifth or seventh largest economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mexico is an ecologically megadiverse, ranking 5th in the world for its natural biodiversity."
}
] |
Mexico has the world's most diverse biodiversity.
| 1 | 4 |
Mexico
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "The 2005 film Guess Who starring Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac is a loose remake, styled as a comedy rather than a drama, with the racial roles reversed: Black parents are caught off-guard when their daughter brings home the young white man she has chosen to marry."
}
] |
vB9xZrf5PnuM04dgUomI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner is a 1967 American drama film produced and directed by Stanley Kramer, and written by William Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Reception",
"text": "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner was a box-office hit in 1968 throughout the United States, including in Southern states where it was traditionally assumed that few white filmgoers would want to see any film with black leads."
},
{
"section_header": "Variant versions",
"text": "The original version of the film that played in theaters in 1968 contained a moment in which Tillie responds to the question \"Guess who's coming to dinner now?\" with the sarcastic one-liner: \"The Reverend Martin Luther King?\" After King's assassination on April 4, 1968, this line was removed from the film, so by August 1968, almost all theaters' showings of this film had this line omitted."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Draytons are unsettled by Joanna's engagement with John because they had never anticipated this possibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hepburn never saw the completed film, saying the memories of Tracy were too painful."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #99"
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "According to Kramer, \"You're never examined for insurance until a few weeks before a picture starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honors | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1998, the film was ranked #99 on the 100 Years...100 Movies list, by the American Film Institute."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Due to this invitation, what was intended to be a sit-down steak dinner for two turns into a meet-the-in-laws dinner party for seven with Monsignor Ryan joining in."
},
{
"section_header": "Remakes",
"text": "The 2005 film Guess Who starring Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac is a loose remake, styled as a comedy rather than a drama, with the racial roles reversed: Black parents are caught off-guard when their daughter brings home the young white man she has chosen to marry."
}
] |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner never inspired other movies.
| 1 | 3 |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "Mack himself never drank; before the 1910 World Series he asked all his players to \"take the pledge\" not to drink during the Series."
}
] |
vBd5ZRyNRw25Q5EEhbiv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "Mack's strength as a manager was finding the best players, teaching them well and letting them play."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing",
"text": "Beginning in 1886, Mack played 10 seasons in the National League and one in the Players' League, for a total of 11 seasons in the major leagues, almost entirely as a catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "One of the few things on which they agreed was that it was time for their father to step down."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Owner",
"text": "Indeed, one of the few times that Mack considered giving up even some of his duties was in the 1934-35 offseason—when the A's were still not far removed from what would be their last great era."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "That team was dispersed due to financial problems, from which Mack did not recover until the 20s, when he built his third great team."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing",
"text": "\"Mack was one of the first catchers to position himself directly behind home plate instead of in front of the backstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing",
"text": "but] if you had any soft spot, Connie would find it."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing",
"text": "As a player, Mack was \"a light-hitting catcher with a reputation as a smart player, but didn't do anything particularly well as a player."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Playing",
"text": "He got even, though. One time there were two strikes on him and he swung as the pitch was coming in."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mack was also a good athlete and frequently played baseball and some of its predecessor games with local players in East Brookfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Managing | Managerial career",
"text": "Mack himself never drank; before the 1910 World Series he asked all his players to \"take the pledge\" not to drink during the Series."
}
] |
Connie Mack was one of few baseball managers that had no problem at all letting his players play inebriated.
| 0 | 1 |
Connie Mack
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the process, he arms himself with an iron pipe; when a man follows the \"floating pipe\" and accidentally forces the Invisible Man into thorn bushes, the Invisible Man commits his first murder."
}
] |
vBezTm2FMNNOGuNngViH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "When Marvel attempts to betray the Invisible Man to the police, Griffin chases him to the seaside town of Port Burdock, threatening to kill him."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "When the authorities arrive at Kemp's house, Griffin fights his way out and the next day leaves a note announcing that Kemp himself will be the first man to be killed in the \"Reign of Terror\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has a wealth of progeny."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The cultural pervasiveness of the invisible man has led to everything from his cameo in an episode of Tom and Jerry to the Queen song The Invisible Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the process, he arms himself with an iron pipe; when a man follows the \"floating pipe\" and accidentally forces the Invisible Man into thorn bushes, the Invisible Man commits his first murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has been adapted to, and referred to, in film, television, and comics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Marvel later goes to the police and tells them of this \"invisible man,\" then requests to be locked up in a high-security jail."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wells, H. G. (1996), The Invisible Man, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The novel has been adapted for radio numerous times, including a 2017 audio version starring John Hurt as the invisible man."
}
] |
The Invisible Man had a strong moral compass and never killed anyone.
| 1 | 3 |
The Invisible Man
|
NOCAT
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”."
}
] |
vBs2rZSpz511tFIxkLVt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Continental and Medici politics",
"text": "This policy in itself was sound and patriotic, but Clement VII's zeal soon cooled; by his want of foresight and unseasonable economy, he laid himself open to an attack from the turbulent Roman barons, which obliged him to invoke the mediation of the emperor,"
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | English Reformation",
"text": "Catherine had been his brother's widow, but the marriage had been childless, thus the marriage was not against Old Testament law, which forbids only such unions if the brother had children."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Sack of Rome | Appearance",
"text": "During his half-year imprisonment in 1527, Clement VII grew a full beard as a sign of mourning for the sack of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | Sack of Rome | Ancona",
"text": "In 1532, Clement VII took possession of Ancona which definitively lost its freedom and became part of the Papal States, ending hundreds of years when the Republic of Ancona was an important maritime power."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "On April 26, 1478 — exactly one month before his birth — his father, Giuliano de Medici (brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent) was murdered in the Florence Cathedral by enemies of his family, in what is now known as “The Pazzi Conspiracy”."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months | Illness and death",
"text": "He died on 25 September 1534, having lived 56 years and four months, and having reigned for 10 years, 10 months, and 7 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In matters of science, Clement VII is best known for personally approving, in 1533, Nicolaus Copernicus’s theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun—99 years before Galileo Galilei’s heresy trial for similar ideas."
},
{
"section_header": "Election as Pope 1523 | English Reformation",
"text": "Consequently, in England, in the same year, the Act of Conditional Restraint of Annates transferred the taxes on ecclesiastical income from the Pope to the Crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Giulio spent the first seven years of life with his godfather, the architect Antonio da Sangallo the Elder."
},
{
"section_header": "Cardinal | Under Pope Leo X | Statesmanship",
"text": "The following year, King Francis I of France nominated him to become Archbishop of Narbonne, and in 1516 named him cardinal protector of France."
}
] |
Pope Clement VII's father was killed when he was a year old.
| 1 | 2 |
Pope Clement VII
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and instruments",
"text": "\" Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and instruments",
"text": "The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how critics had once labeled her \"Minnie Mouse on helium\"."
}
] |
vCboM4nH9RySAOsteQuH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–1997: Maverick, Erotica, Sex, Bedtime Stories, Evita, and motherhood",
"text": "\"I'll Remember\" (1994) as an attempt to tone down her provocative image."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style and songwriting",
"text": "A change was noted in the content of the songs in Music, with most of them being simple love songs, but with an underlying tone of melancholy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "Madonna married Ritchie the following day at nearby Skibo Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While Evita earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, many of her other films received poor reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–1997: Maverick, Erotica, Sex, Bedtime Stories, Evita, and motherhood",
"text": "Despite positive reviews, it became her first studio album since her debut album not to score any chart-topper in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "That October, she released \"Die Another Day\","
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2017: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart",
"text": "The following day, Madonna asserted she was \"not a violent person\" and that her words had been \"taken wildly out of context\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2002: Ray of Light, Music, second marriage, and touring comeback",
"text": "In May 2002 she appeared in London in the West End play Up For Grabs at the Wyndhams Theatre (billed as 'Madonna Ritchie'), to universally bad reviews and was described as \"the evening's biggest disappointment\" by one."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2017: Super Bowl XLVI halftime show, MDNA, and Rebel Heart",
"text": "Upset that Donald Trump won the election, Madonna spoke out against him at the Women's March on Washington, a day after his inauguration."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2003–2006: American Life and Confessions on a Dance Floor",
"text": "Following Die Another Day, Madonna collaborated with fashion photographer Steven Klein in 2003 for an exhibition installation named X-STaTIC Pro=CeSS."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and instruments",
"text": "\" Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice and instruments",
"text": "The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how critics had once labeled her \"Minnie Mouse on helium\"."
}
] |
Madonna was mocked relentlessly for her tone by reviewers in her early days.
| 0 | 0 |
Madonna (entertainer)
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is divided into five parts and consists of 98 lines of which the last four are \"probably the most quoted lines of any 20th-century poet writing in English\"."
}
] |
vCeVd5w11c572F0PAHyh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theme and context",
"text": "Eliot wrote that he produced the title \"The Hollow Men\" by combining the titles of the romance \"The Hollow Land\" by William Morris with the poem \"The Broken Men\" by Rudyard Kipling: but it is possible that this is one of Eliot's many constructed allusions, and that the title originates more transparently from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar or from the character Kurtz in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness who is referred to as a \"hollow sham\" and \"hollow at the core\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Literature",
"text": "King also makes reference to \"The Hollow Men\" in Pet Sematary (1983) with: \" Or maybe someone who had escaped from Eliot's poem about the hollow men."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Hollow Men\" (1925) is a poem by T. S. Eliot."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Literature",
"text": "\" This poem was part of a series of poems published by Eliot in 1924 and 1925, which referenced either \"death's dream kingdom,\" \"death's other kingdom,\" or \"death's twilight kingdom,\" of which several would later be published as Parts I-IV of \"The Hollow Men.\" \"Eyes that I last saw in tears,\" though ultimately not included by Eliot in his published version of \"The Hollow Men,\" may nevertheless be read alongside the published poem, as a sort of apocryphal text, to provide context regarding the development of the composition of \"The Hollow Men.\" Furthermore, the poem fits neatly within the series of poems which were ultimately collected and published as \"The Hollow Men,\" due to its imagery of \"eyes\" being encountered by the author in relation to \"death's dream kingdom\" and \"death's other kingdom,\" as in Parts I, II, and IV of \"The Hollow Men.\" Stephen King's The Dark Tower series contains multiple references to \"The Hollow Men\" (as well as The Waste Land, most prominently The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands (1991))."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem is divided into five parts and consists of 98 lines of which the last four are \"probably the most quoted lines of any 20th-century poet writing in English\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication information",
"text": "\" The third poem became Part III of The Hollow Men."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication information",
"text": "In the case of The Hollow Men four of the five sections of the poem were previously published: \"Poème\", published in the Winter 1924 edition of Commerce (with a French translation), became Part I of The Hollow Men."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture",
"text": "Additionally, the March 1925 of Dial published The Hollow Men, I-III which was finally transformed to The Hollow Men Parts I, II, and IV in Poems: 1909–1925.(Publication information from Gallup) The Hollow Men has had a profound effect on the Anglo-American cultural lexicon—and by a relatively recent extension, world culture—since it was published in 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication information",
"text": "The first poem became Part II of The Hollow Men and the third became Part IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence in culture | Music",
"text": "Airweight\" on 2015's All Hands, and in the single \"Flash Paper\" from member Sims's 2016 album More than Ever."
}
] |
The last words of The Hollow Men have been quoted more than any other poem
| 0 | 0 |
The Hollow Men
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | Assuming chairmanship of RCC",
"text": "On 26 October 1954, Muslim Brotherhood member Mahmoud Abdel-Latif attempted to assassinate Nasser while he was delivering a speech in Alexandria, broadcast to the Arab world by radio, to celebrate the British military withdrawal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, romanized: Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt, from 1954 until his death in 1970."
}
] |
vD13qkO2ZPUcAlQcdCgF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | Assuming chairmanship of RCC",
"text": "On 26 October 1954, Muslim Brotherhood member Mahmoud Abdel-Latif attempted to assassinate Nasser while he was delivering a speech in Alexandria, broadcast to the Arab world by radio, to celebrate the British military withdrawal."
},
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | Assuming chairmanship of RCC",
"text": "If Gamal Abdel Nasser should die, each of you shall be Gamal Abdel Nasser ... Gamal Abdel Nasser is of you and from you and he is willing to sacrifice his life for the nation."
},
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | Assuming chairmanship of RCC",
"text": "The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (UK: , US: ; Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, romanized: Jamāl ʻAbdu n-Nāṣir Ḥusayn, Egyptian Arabic: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian politician who served as the second President of Egypt, from 1954 until his death in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": "His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Image",
"text": "But behind it lies a vital historical fact: that Gamal Abdel Nasser signifies the only truly Egyptian developmental project in the country's history since the fall of the Pharaonic state."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolution | Revolution of 1952",
"text": "On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolution | Revolution of 1952",
"text": "Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in Kafr el-Dawwar, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead."
},
{
"section_header": "Road to presidency | Disputes with Naguib",
"text": "In March 1953, Nasser led the Egyptian delegation negotiating a British withdrawal from the Suez Canal."
}
] |
Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser led the overthrow of the monarchy in 1952 and in 1954 he had a assassination attempt.
| 1 | 4 |
Gamal Abdel Nasser
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II."
}
] |
vD5tfwZarzLUBjqDt3xm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "Some historians suggest that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a \"personal Napoleonic one\" after the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "A French army at the end of her supply lines, in a place which had no food supplies, might have faced a very different ending from the one they achieved at the real battle of Austerlitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11"
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "\"A dense fog helped to cloud the advance of St. Hilaire's French division, but as they went up the slope the legendary 'Sun of Austerlitz' ripped the mist apart and encouraged them forward."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Battlefield",
"text": "The battle took place about ten kilometres (six miles) southeast of the town of Brno, between that town and Austerlitz (Czech: Slavkov u Brna) in what is now the Czech Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "The other men from the second column, mostly inexperienced Austrians, also participated in the struggle and swung the numbers against one of the best fighting forces in the French army, eventually forcing them to withdraw down the slopes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The battle occurred near the town of Austerlitz in the Austrian Empire (modern-day Slavkov u Brna in the Czech Republic)."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Endgame",
"text": "Caffarelli's men halted the Russian assaults and permitted Murat to send two cuirassier divisions (one commanded by d'Hautpoul and the other one by Nansouty) into the fray to finish off the Russian cavalry for good."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "The battle had firmly turned in France's favour, but it was far from over."
}
] |
The Battle of Austerlitz is one of the greatest battles of the reign of Marie Antoinette.
| 1 | 4 |
Battle of Austerlitz
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Without the benefit of the padding provided by fielding gloves, McPhee toughened his hands by soaking them in salt water."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known more for his fielding than his hitting, McPhee was the last second baseman to play without a glove."
}
] |
vDGUjQR3iRESxSfQoKiq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Alexander \"Bid\" McPhee (November 1, 1859 – January 3, 1943) was an American 19th-century Major League Baseball second baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Shortly after retiring as a player in 1899, McPhee rejoined the Reds as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee is also the only Hall of Famer from the 1882 pennant-winning Cincinnati Red Stockings team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Known more for his fielding than his hitting, McPhee was the last second baseman to play without a glove."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "With McPhee in the lineup for 78 out of their 80 games, the Red Stockings won the inaugural AA championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Without the benefit of the padding provided by fielding gloves, McPhee toughened his hands by soaking them in salt water."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "Two years after his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, McPhee was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee died in 1943. He was cremated and his ashes were interred in the mausoleum at Cypress View Memorial Gardens in San Diego, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and honors",
"text": "McPhee was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000, more than 100 years after he played in his last major league game."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "Born in Massena, New York, McPhee broke into professional baseball in 1877 as a catcher with the Davenport Brown Stockings of the Northwestern League."
}
] |
Bid McPhee didn't wear a mitt, so he pickled his paws in a briny mixture of sodium and H2O instead.
| 0 | 0 |
Bid McPhee
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "The production starred Orlando Bloom and Condola Rashad."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "Romeo and Juliet may be the most-filmed play of all time."
}
] |
vDv6fngimkwj5pQFczS2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "Leonardo DiCaprio was Romeo and Claire Danes was Juliet."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "The production starred Orlando Bloom and Condola Rashad."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "Romeo and Juliet may be the most-filmed play of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "The conceit of dramatising Shakespeare writing Romeo and Juliet has been used several times, including John Madden's 1998 Shakespeare in Love, in which Shakespeare writes the play against the backdrop of his own doomed love affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | 20th-century theatre",
"text": "In 2013, Romeo and Juliet ran on Broadway at Richard Rodgers Theatre from 19 September to 8 December for 93 regular performances after 27 previews starting on 24 August with Orlando Bloom and Condola Rashad in the starring roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Psychoanalytic criticism",
"text": "Romeo and Juliet is not considered to be exceedingly psychologically complex, and sympathetic psychoanalytic readings of the play make the tragic male experience equivalent with sicknesses."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Restoration and 18th-century theatre",
"text": "Sir William Davenant of the Duke's Company staged a 1662 adaptation in which Henry Harris played Romeo, Thomas Betterton Mercutio, and Betterton's wife Mary Saunderson Juliet: she was probably the first woman to play the role professionally."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation | Language",
"text": "Other forms in the play include an epithalamium by Juliet, a rhapsody in Mercutio's Queen Mab speech, and an elegy by Paris."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Screen",
"text": "In 2013, Sanjay Leela Bhansali directed the Bollywood film Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela, a contemporary version of the play which starred Ranveer Singh and Deepika Padukone in leading roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families."
}
] |
Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, is the most filmed play and male leads have included Leonardo DiCaprio and Orlando Bloom.
| 2 | 5 |
Romeo and Juliet
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Vargas enlisted as a private in 1899 in the sixth infantry battalion and later joined the military college at Rio Pardo."
}
] |
vEYTvNN22Z17BL9QY1t0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vargas went on to appease and eventually dominate his supporters, and pushed his political agenda as he built a propaganda machine around his figure."
},
{
"section_header": "National politics",
"text": "His election had been assisted by the political machine of Borges de Medeiros, and so he nominated one of that machine's members, Getulio Vargas, to be his Finance Secretary."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Revolution of 1930",
"text": "Vargas campaigned carefully, needing to please a large range of supporters."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Axis Powers",
"text": "Vargas employed ambiguous policies towards Axis and Allied orbits."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Axis Powers",
"text": "The German Bank for South America even established three hundred branches in Vargas' Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Constitution of 1934 and Vargas' early presidency",
"text": "Despite the material gains of labor, Vargas began slowly shifting to the right."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Constitution of 1934 and Vargas' early presidency",
"text": "A rebellion of the ANL and Communists in 1935 gave Vargas the excuse he needed to consolidate his power."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Constitution of 1934 and Vargas' early presidency",
"text": "Prestes was also in charge of the National Liberation Alliance (ANL), which was banned in 1935 after Prestes criticized Vargas."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Revolution of 1930",
"text": "On October 24, 1930, they ousted President Washington Luís and the president-elect Júlio Prestes, installing Vargas as 'interim president'."
},
{
"section_header": "First presidency | Vargas and the Axis Powers",
"text": "Through Helmuth James von Moltke she obtained secret information about Hitler's plans, prompting her to urge Vargas to withdraw from Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Vargas enlisted as a private in 1899 in the sixth infantry battalion and later joined the military college at Rio Pardo."
}
] |
Getulio Vargas went to the army.
| 0 | 0 |
Getulio Vargas
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1801–1809) | Re-election in 1804 and second term",
"text": "In the wake of the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson sought to annex Florida from Spain, as brokered by Napoleon."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career 1775–1800 | Minister to France",
"text": "In 1784, Jefferson was sent by the Congress of the Confederation to join Benjamin Franklin and John Adams in Paris as Minister Plenipotentiary for Negotiating Treaties of Amity and Commerce with Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Saxony, Hamburg, Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sardinia, The Pope, Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, the Sublime Porte, Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli."
}
] |
vEf0H3v7ypyt3gOS2tnS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political career 1775–1800 | Member of Congress",
"text": "Congress made extensive revisions, including rejection of the ban on slavery."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1801–1809) | Louisiana Purchase | Attempted annexation of Florida",
"text": "Florida remained under the control of Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1801–1809) | Re-election in 1804 and second term",
"text": "In the wake of the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson sought to annex Florida from Spain, as brokered by Napoleon."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Education, early family life",
"text": "During the years of study under the watchful eye of Wythe, Jefferson authored a survey of his extensive readings in his Commonplace Book."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career 1775–1800 | Virginia state legislator and governor",
"text": "During this time, Jefferson was living with friends in the surrounding counties of Richmond."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1801–1809) | Louisiana Purchase | Attempted annexation of Florida",
"text": "France, however, was in no mood to allow Spain give up Florida, and refused the offer."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1801–1809) | Louisiana Purchase | Attempted annexation of Florida",
"text": "In his annual message to Congress, on December 3, 1805, Jefferson railed against Spain over Florida border depredations."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1801–1809) | General Wilkinson misconduct",
"text": "Jefferson took no action against Wilkinson, there being, at the time, lack of evidence against Wilkinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (1809–1826)",
"text": "In the evenings, his family enjoyed leisure time in the gardens; late at night, Jefferson would retire to bed with a book."
},
{
"section_header": "Political, social and religious views | Slavery",
"text": "Jefferson did not work his slaves on Sundays and Christmas and he allowed them more personal time during the winter months."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career 1775–1800 | Minister to France",
"text": "In 1784, Jefferson was sent by the Congress of the Confederation to join Benjamin Franklin and John Adams in Paris as Minister Plenipotentiary for Negotiating Treaties of Amity and Commerce with Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia, Denmark, Saxony, Hamburg, Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sardinia, The Pope, Venice, Genoa, Tuscany, the Sublime Porte, Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli."
}
] |
Jefferson spent extensive time in Spain.
| 0 | 0 |
Thomas Jefferson
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball."
}
] |
vEtZHgUwBsMIapi5UhxY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "When the spitball was banned in 1920, he was named as one of 17 established pitchers who were allowed to continue to throw the pitch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Burleigh Arland Grimes (August 18, 1893 – December 6, 1985) was an American professional baseball player, and the last pitcher officially permitted to throw the spitball."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, he was the last player who was legally allowed to throw a spitball, as he was one of 17 spitballers permitted to throw the pitch after it was otherwise outlawed in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Born in Emerald, Wisconsin, Grimes was the first child of Nick Grimes, a farmer and former day laborer, and the former Ruth Tuttle, the daughter of a former Wisconsin legislator."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "According to Baseball Digest, the Phillies were able to hit him because they knew when he was throwing the spitter."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes was a very good hitting pitcher in his major league career, posting a .248 batting average (380-for-1535) with 157 runs, 62 doubles, 11 triples, 2 home runs and 168 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Burleigh Grimes also participated in boxing as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Grimes was the manager of the Dodgers in 1937-38."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career",
"text": "Grimes played for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1916 and 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Grimes was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1964."
}
] |
Grimes was the first pitcher to throw a spitball.
| 0 | 0 |
Burleigh Grimes
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt in private showed a revulsion against rich Jews in 1918, telling her mother-in-law the \"Jew party [was] appalling.... I never wish to hear money, jewels or sables mentioned again.\"."
}
] |
vEvNpQcg4iO00h65nG2S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism",
"text": "Her anti-Semitism gradually declined, especially as her friendship with Bernard Baruch grew."
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Civil rights activism",
"text": "One of those programs helped working women receive better wages."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Early life",
"text": "Dr. Harold Ivan Smith states that she, \"was very public about her faith."
},
{
"section_header": "Published books",
"text": "It Seems to Me. New York: Norton, 1954."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Since politics have become her choicest interest"
},
{
"section_header": "First Lady of the United States (1933–1945) | Use of media",
"text": "She also agreed at first that she would avoid discussing her views on pending congressional measures."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life before the White House",
"text": "She dogged Theodore on the New York State campaign trail in a car fitted with a papier-mâché bonnet shaped like a giant teapot that was made to emit simulated steam (to remind voters of Theodore's supposed, but later disproved, connections to the scandal), and countered his speeches with those of her own, calling him immature."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Delano Roosevelt Jr. (1914–1988) John Aspinwall Roosevelt II (1916–1981)Roosevelt disliked having sex with her husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriage and family life",
"text": "Disillusioned, Roosevelt again became active in public life, and focused increasingly on her social work rather than her role as a wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Public life before the White House",
"text": "Roosevelt promoted Val-Kill through interviews and public appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Other relationships | Anti-Semitism",
"text": "Eleanor Roosevelt in private showed a revulsion against rich Jews in 1918, telling her mother-in-law the \"Jew party [was] appalling.... I never wish to hear money, jewels or sables mentioned again.\"."
}
] |
Eleanor showed a dislike for those of the Jewish faith outside the public view and seemed to work to undermine their interests, but this did gradually decline.
| 2 | 5 |
Eleanor Roosevelt
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Background",
"text": "She was given the Hebrew name Neta-Lee."
}
] |
vF6moRCO5hXGjQSmXRVm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Dickerson, James L. (2012). Natalie Portman's Stark Reality: A Biography."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Dickerson, James L. (2002). Natalie Portman: Queen of Hearts."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1994–1998: Early work",
"text": "To protect her privacy, she adopted her paternal grandmother's maiden name, Portman, as her stage name."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1999–2006: Star Wars, education, and transition to adult roles",
"text": "Portman's final film role in 2005 was as Evey Hammond in the political thriller V for Vendetta, based on the comics of the same name, about an alternative future where a neo-fascist regime has subjugated the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Background",
"text": "She was given the Hebrew name Neta-Lee."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Natalie Portman (born Neta-Lee Hershlag; June 9, 1981) is an actress and filmmaker with dual Israeli and American citizenship."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism",
"text": "Later, at a naming ceremony, Portman named a baby gorilla Gukina, which means \"to play.\" Portman has been an advocate of environmental causes since childhood, when she joined an environmental song and dance troupe known as World Patrol Kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1999–2006: Star Wars, education, and transition to adult roles",
"text": "One of her sketches, a song named \"Natalie's Rap\", was released later in 2009 on Incredibad, an album by the Lonely Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1994–1998: Early work",
"text": "She was also offered Adrian Lyne's Lolita, based on the novel of the same name, but she turned down the part due to its excessive sexual content."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2015: Expansion and critical recognition",
"text": "She served as a jury member of the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and also launched her own production company, named handsomecharlie films, after her late dog."
}
] |
Natalie Portman's name is Neta-Lee.
| 0 | 3 |
Natalie Portman
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was raised by his parents, Leona and Cecil, along with older brother Calvin, younger brothers Conrad and Cedric and younger sisters Janet and Julie."
}
] |
vF8dT4xb6jUok67PRAOz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Fisk and his wife Linda have three children, Carlyn, Courtney and Casey and five grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "On the field, Fisk threw out the ceremonial first pitch to his former batterymate Luis Tiant."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "On June 13, 2005, the Red Sox honored Carlton Fisk and the 12th-inning home run that won Game 6 of the 1975 World Series by naming the left field foul pole, which the famous home run contacted, the Fisk Foul Pole."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "Thirty years later, the video of Fisk trying to wave the ball fair remains one of the game's enduring images."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "From now on, like the Pesky Pole down the right-field line, the left-field pole will officially be called the Fisk Foul Pole."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "The crowd remembered that magical moment at precisely 12:34 a.m. ET early on the morning of October 22, 1975, when Fisk drove a 1–0 fastball from Cincinnati right-hander Pat Darcy high into the air, heading down the left-field line. \" The ball only took about two and half seconds\", recalled Fisk."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Fisk Foul Pole",
"text": "In a pregame ceremony from the Monster Seats, Fisk was cheered by the Fenway Park crowd while the shot was replayed to the strains of Handel's Hallelujah Chorus, the song longtime Fenway Park organist John Kiley originally played following the home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2005, the left field foul pole at Fenway Park was named the Fisk Pole in honor of Fisk."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Notable feuds",
"text": "I had no idea Fisk was that strong, but he was scary."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Fisk grows and collects orchids."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was raised by his parents, Leona and Cecil, along with older brother Calvin, younger brothers Conrad and Cedric and younger sisters Janet and Julie."
}
] |
Fisk had five siblings.
| 0 | 1 |
Carlton Fisk
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Hebrew: כּוֹרֶשׁ, Modern: Kōréš, Tiberian: Kōréš; c. 600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire."
}
] |
vFd7DN700tGMiA3UPvuK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dynastic history",
"text": "The eponymous founder of this dynasty was Achaemenes (from Old Persian Haxāmaniš)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "; Hebrew: כּוֹרֶשׁ, Modern: Kōréš, Tiberian: Kōréš; c. 600 – 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, and also called Cyrus the Elder by the Greeks, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire, the first Persian Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Median Empire",
"text": "Astyages, last king of the Median Empire and Cyrus' grandfather, may have ruled over the majority of the Ancient Near East, from the Lydian frontier in the west to the Parthians and Persians in the east."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cyrus II of Persia (Old Persian: 𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁 Kūruš; New Persian: کوروش Kuruš"
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Burial",
"text": "According to Plutarch, his epitaph read: O man, whoever you are and wherever you come from, for I know you will come, I am Cyrus who won the Persians their empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his father's death, Cyrus inherited the Persian throne at Pasargadae, which was a vassal of Astyages."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Median Empire",
"text": "Cyrus the Great succeeded to the throne in 559 BC following his father's death; however, Cyrus was not yet an independent ruler."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From the Mediterranean Sea and Hellespont in the west to the Indus River in the east, Cyrus the Great created the largest empire the world had yet seen."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Many of the Iranian dynasties following the Achaemenid Empire and their kings saw themselves as the heirs to Cyrus the Great and have claimed to continue the line begun by Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise and military campaigns | Median Empire",
"text": "Cyrus the Great thus united the twin Achamenid kingdoms of Parsa and Anshan into Persia proper."
}
] |
Cyrus the Great was the founder of the 1st Persian Empire.
| 0 | 0 |
Cyrus the Great
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Taboo was aired in the United States by FX.In 2018, Hardy starred in the film Venom, as the title comic book sometime hero, Eddie Brock / Venom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He starred as Eddie Brock / Venom in the 2018 anti-hero film Venom."
}
] |
vFenkqGKoP1CWqOUjF9O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "It was created by Hardy, Steven Knight, and Hardy's father, Edward \"Chips\" Hardy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "The Take on Sky One, as a drug and alcohol-fuelled gangster."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy has signed up to play the lead role of Sam Fisher in Ubisoft's forthcoming film adaptation of their video game series Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy then played the title character, Max Rockatansky, in the action film Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hardy was named one of GQ magazine's 50 best-dressed British men in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy also co-produced and starred in the eight-part BBC One television drama series Taboo."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "They had two rescue dogs, Max and Woodstock, one of which Hardy appeared with in a PETA advert to promote pet adoption."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "In August 2009, he appeared in ITV's Wuthering Heights, playing the role of Heathcliff, the classic love character who falls in love with his childhood friend Cathy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Based on the Marvel source material, the film was released on 5 October, and is meant to be the start of \"Sony's Universe Of Marvel Characters\" (along with Silver and Black)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He created, co-produced, and took the lead in the eight-part historical fiction series Taboo (2017) on BBC One and FX.Hardy has performed on both British and American stages."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Taboo was aired in the United States by FX.In 2018, Hardy starred in the film Venom, as the title comic book sometime hero, Eddie Brock / Venom."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He starred as Eddie Brock / Venom in the 2018 anti-hero film Venom."
}
] |
One of Tom Hardy's characters is a superhero.
| 1 | 1 |
Tom Hardy
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter Seamus O'Toole was born on 2 August 1932, the son of Constance Jane Eliot (née Ferguson), a Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph \"Spats\" O'Toole, an Irish metal plater, football player, and bookmaker."
}
] |
vFrgZXvSXoqvOXa8zHPE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "It joins the archives of several of O'Toole's collaborators and friends including Donald Wolfit, Eli Wallach, Peter Glenville, Sir Tom Stoppard, and Dame Edith Evans."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Partnership with Jules Buck",
"text": "Starring alongside Peter Sellers, it was a huge success."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "fans Richard Harris, Kenneth Griffith, Peter Finch and Richard Burton."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Final years",
"text": "O'Toole's final performances came in Highway to Hell (2012) and For Greater Glory: The True Story of Cristiada (2012)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Records from the Leeds General Registry Office confirm that a Peter J (James) O'Toole was born there in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "The collection includes O'Toole's scripts, extensive published and unpublished writings, props, photographs, letters, medical records, and more."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | First films",
"text": "His first role was a small role in Disney's version of Kidnapped (1960), playing the bagpipes opposite Peter Finch."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Jeffrey Bernard Is Unwell",
"text": "The younger Casanova, seen for most of the action, was played by David Tennant, who had to wear contact lenses to match his brown eyes to O'Toole's blue."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Goodbye Mr Chips",
"text": "O'Toole starred in a war film for director Peter Yates, Murphy's War (1971), appearing alongside Sian Phillips."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lorcan, now an actor, was a pupil at Harrow School, boarding at West Acre from 1996.Severe illness almost ended O'Toole's life in the late 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Peter Seamus O'Toole was born on 2 August 1932, the son of Constance Jane Eliot (née Ferguson), a Scottish nurse, and Patrick Joseph \"Spats\" O'Toole, an Irish metal plater, football player, and bookmaker."
}
] |
Peter O'Toole's mother was a healthcare worker.
| 1 | 2 |
Peter O'Toole
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "He was stabbed 23 times. According to Suetonius, a physician later established that only one wound, the second one to his chest, had been lethal."
}
] |
vG3zCClqe42C6ot0nTps
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "According to Eutropius, around 60 men participated in the assassination."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "He was stabbed 23 times. According to Suetonius, a physician later established that only one wound, the second one to his chest, had been lethal."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Only its altar now remains. A life-size wax statue of Caesar was later erected in the forum displaying the 23 stab wounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Assassination",
"text": "Caesar attempted to get away, but, blinded by blood, he tripped and fell; the men continued stabbing him as he lay defenceless on the lower steps of the portico."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Aftermath of the assassination",
"text": "The result unforeseen by the assassins was that Caesar's death precipitated the end of the Roman Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship | Political reforms",
"text": "This, in effect, transformed the magistrates from being representatives of the people to being representatives of the dictator."
},
{
"section_header": "Dictatorship and assassination | Dictatorship",
"text": "Again, some bystanders complained, this time at Caesar's wasteful extravagance."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "This means that for almost two thousand years after Julius Caesar's assassination, there was at least one head of state bearing his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | The name Gaius Julius Caesar",
"text": "In Greek, during Caesar's time, his family name was written Καίσαρ (Kaísar), reflecting its contemporary pronunciation."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Name and family | Family",
"text": "Junia Tertia (born ca. 60s BC), the daughter of Caesar's lover Servilia was believed by Cicero among other contemporaries, to be Caesar's natural daughter."
}
] |
60 men are said to have participated in Julius Caesar's assassination that resulted in him being stabbed 23 times.
| 0 | 0 |
Julius Caesar
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917."
}
] |
vGn9OOSYsAebeCDteFuV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander graduated with honours in 1899."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "He was succeeded by the Menshevik, Alexander Halpern."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "The next year he switched to law."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "Alexander Kerensky was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk) on the Volga River on 4 May 1881 and was the eldest son in the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "In fact, the Socialist Revolutionary Party bought Kerensky a house, as he otherwise wouldn't be elective for the Duma, according to the Russian property-laws."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and activism",
"text": "He earned his law degree in 1904 and married Olga Lvovna Baranovskaya, the daughter of a Russian general, the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( KERR-ən-skee, kə-REN-skee; Russian: Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский, IPA: [ɐlʲɪkˈsandr ˈkʲerʲɪnskʲɪj]; original spelling: Александръ Ѳедоровичъ Керенскій; 4 May [O.S. 22 April] 1881 – 11 June 1970) was a Russian lawyer and revolutionary who was a key political figure in the Russian Revolution of 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Rasputin",
"text": "Mikhail Rodzianko, Zinaida Yusupova (the mother of Felix Yusupov), Alexandra's sister Elisabeth, Grand Duchess Victoria and the empress's mother-in-law Maria Feodorovna also tried to influence and pressure the imperial couple to remove Rasputin from his position of influence within the imperial household, but without success."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Kerensky then returned to the United States, where he spent the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In the 2008 film The Admiral, Kerensky is portrayed by Viktor Verzhbitsky."
}
] |
Alexander Kerensky was a Ukrainian law practitioner.
| 0 | 4 |
Alexander Kerensky
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served in the capacity of Major League Baseball's (MLB) chief baseball officer from 2011 to 2020."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A former player, manager and television color commentator, Torre ranks fifth all-time in MLB history with 2,326 wins as a manager."
}
] |
vGz9QhuxeagFsIcPlMn6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1996 to 2007, he was the manager of the New York Yankees and guided the team to four World Series championships."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007)",
"text": "He took the team to the postseason every one of his twelve seasons with the club, winning six American League pennants and four World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007) | 2006–07",
"text": "After the season, the Yankees met with Torre and offered him a one-year contract with a $5 million base pay and $1 million bonuses, to be paid for each of three benchmarks the team would reach: winning the American League Division Series; winning the American League Championship Series; and winning the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements, highlights, honors and awards | Managerial career",
"text": "Torre established a Major League record by guiding his clubs to 14 consecutive World Series wins from Game Three of the 1996 World Series through Game Two of the 2000 championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A former player, manager and television color commentator, Torre ranks fifth all-time in MLB history with 2,326 wins as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007) | 1996–2005",
"text": "He became the first to manage his teams to two perfect game wins, while becoming just the fourth in MLB history to manage his club in two perfect games, joining Stengel (1–1), Walter Alston (1–1), and Tommy Lasorda (0–2)."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007) | 1996–2005",
"text": "The Red Sox would go on to win the 2004 World Series, their first title since 1918, ending the \"Curse of the Bambino\", which was supposedly inflicted on the team when Babe Ruth was sold to the Yankees in 1919.Off to an 8−11 start in 2005"
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | Los Angeles Dodgers manager (2008–2010)",
"text": "Torre's Dodgers were beaten in the NLCS four games to one by the Phillies (who went on to win the World Series) with a 5–1 loss on October 15."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Mets (1975–1977)",
"text": "With the Mets in 1975, Torre became the third player in major league history, and first in the National League, to hit into four double plays in one game."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career | New York Yankees manager (1996–2007) | 1996–2005",
"text": "The Yankees also won their second consecutive World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He previously served in the capacity of Major League Baseball's (MLB) chief baseball officer from 2011 to 2020."
}
] |
Joe Torre was the manager of the New York Yankees and guided the team to four World Series championships, and ranks third all-time in MLB history with 2,326 wins as a manager.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe Torre
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League."
}
] |
vH2Wh3eYZKnMrffC2utu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, located at L.A. Live in Downtown Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries | Los Angeles Clippers",
"text": "The rivalry between the Lakers and the Los Angeles Clippers is unique because they are the only two NBA teams to share an arena, the Staples Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "In the first seven years in Los Angeles, the team played their home games at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena, south of Downtown Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League."
},
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "Before moving to Staples Center, for 32 seasons (1967–1999), the Lakers played their home games at The Forum in Inglewood, California, located approximately 10 miles southwest of the team's current home."
},
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "During the 1999 preseason, the Lakers played their home games at the Forum before officially moving into Staples Center, and once again hosted a preseason game versus the Golden State Warriors on October 9, 2009, this time to commemorate the team's 50th anniversary season in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "Owned and operated by AEG and L.A. Arena Company, the arena is also home to the Los Angeles Clippers, the WNBA's Los Angeles Sparks, and the NHL's Los Angeles Kings."
},
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "While the team played in Minneapolis, the team played their home games at the Minneapolis Auditorium from 1947 to 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Home arenas",
"text": "The arena opened in fall 1999, and seats up to 18,997 for Lakers games."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1958–1968: Move to Los Angeles and Celtics rivalry",
"text": "Los Angeles moved to a brand-new arena, The Forum, in 1967, after playing seven seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena."
}
] |
The Los Angeles Lakers play their home games at the Staples Center, which is a shared arena with another NBA team.
| 0 | 3 |
Los Angeles Lakers
|
Geography
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Dress code",
"text": "Men are expected to wear formal attire, women are expected to dress in business-like clothing and the wearing of T-shirts with slogans is not allowed."
}
] |
vHObfG0PhfMcLDkxjpj5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Dress code",
"text": "Hats must not be worn (although they used to be worn when a point of order was being raised), and Members may not wear military decorations or insignia."
},
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Dress code",
"text": "Men are expected to wear formal attire, women are expected to dress in business-like clothing and the wearing of T-shirts with slogans is not allowed."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and tourism",
"text": "Although there is no casual access to the interior of the Palace, there are several ways to gain admittance."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Westminster Hall",
"text": "In Westminster Hall, the favourite heraldic badge of Richard II – a white hart, chained, and in an attitude of rest – is repeated as many as eighty-three times, without any of them being an exact counterpart of another."
},
{
"section_header": "Security | Incidents",
"text": "In March 2007, another four members of Greenpeace made their way to the Palace's roof by means of a nearby crane, which was being used for repairs to Westminster Bridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Exterior | Towers",
"text": "Victoria Tower was re-designed several times, and its height increased progressively; upon its completion in 1858, it was the tallest secular building in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Lords Chamber",
"text": "The State Opening Of Parliament was carried out as normal, with the new rooms being used."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Westminster Hall",
"text": "Westminster Hall, the oldest existing part of the Palace of Westminster, was erected in 1097 by King William II ('William Rufus'), at which point it was the largest hall in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old Palace",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster was the monarch's principal residence in the late Medieval period."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old Palace",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster site was strategically important during the Middle Ages, as it was located on the banks of the River Thames."
}
] |
Dressing casually would be frowned upon in the Palace of Westminster.
| 4 | 8 |
Palace of Westminster
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a shaky start it was championed by Chicago critics Ashton Stevens and Claudia Cassidy, whose enthusiasm helped build audiences so the producers could move the play to Broadway where it won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play premiered in Chicago in 1944."
}
] |
vHPY2q0GQvsNWi3rkNaf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The play won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award as Best American Play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After a shaky start it was championed by Chicago critics Ashton Stevens and Claudia Cassidy, whose enthusiasm helped build audiences so the producers could move the play to Broadway where it won the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "However, The New York Times reviewer noted it \"starts stiffly and gets better as it goes along, with the dinner-party sequence its biggest success; in this highly charged situation, Miss Woodward's Amanda indeed seems to flower."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie opened on Broadway in the Playhouse Theatre on March 31, 1945, and played there until June 29, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Rose died in 1996. The play was reworked from one of Williams' short stories \"Portrait of a Girl in Glass\" (1943; published 1948)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play premiered in Chicago in 1944."
}
] |
The Glass Menagerie is a play by Tennessee Williams that first started in New York City.
| 0 | 2 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Sports
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from his political positions, he also served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
}
] |
vI6X9bxxIHR1aPyi8ZRm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Chandler resigned from his COFL position in 1966 after league trustees supported a proposal to allow players from the major professional American football leagues, which he had been told would not happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Chandler deterred players from considering Mexican League offers by imposing a five-year ban from Major League Baseball to anyone who played in the Mexican League and did not return by April 1, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended a professional baseball tryout in Saskatoon but did not make the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Chandler was born in the farming community of Corydon, Kentucky, in 1898."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "In some cases, the offers were triple the salaries being paid in the Major Leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball | Other matters",
"text": "In 1949, Danny Gardella, who had left the New York Giants for the Mexican League in 1946, filed suit against Major League Baseball, claiming Chandler's ban on players who went to the Mexican League had denied him a means of pursuing his livelihood."
},
{
"section_header": "Second term as governor | Governorship",
"text": "Nevertheless, Chandler delivered on his promise by allocating $5 million to the establishment of what became known as the Albert B. Chandler Medical Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Commissioner of baseball",
"text": "Many owners believed Chandler had been attending a political meeting, but he had actually been at a Detroit Athletic Club luncheon, where he was representing Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1965, Chandler was named to the University of Kentucky Hall of Distinguished Alumni and became commissioner of the Continental Football League (COFL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aside from his political positions, he also served as the second Commissioner of Baseball from 1945 to 1951 and was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
}
] |
Albert Chandler was in Commissioner of a professional league in the America.
| 3 | 8 |
Happy Chandler
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for managing the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1954 through 1976, and signed 23 one-year contracts with the team."
}
] |
vIOZKHlYP2SRiJ67GgGz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Walter Emmons Alston (December 1, 1911 – October 1, 1984), nicknamed \"Smokey\", was an American baseball player and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "After his two seasons with Trenton, Alston served as a player-manager for the first integrated U.S. baseball team based in the twentieth century, the Nashua Dodgers of the Class-B New England League."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Alston played minor league baseball as an infielder for the Greenwood Chiefs and Huntington Red Birds in 1935 and 1936, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He appeared as a player in two games, which were his final professional playing appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "For his 13-season minor league playing career, Alston hit .295 with 176 home runs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He returned to Portsmouth in 1940, hit 28 home runs and was a player-manager for part of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "During the baseball off-season, Alston worked as a teacher in Darrtown."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He was a player-manager for the next two seasons with the Springfield Cardinals and even appeared in seven games as a pitcher in 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Though his MLB playing career consisted of only one game, two innings played, and one at-bat with the St. Louis Cardinals in 1936, Alston spent 19 years in minor league baseball as a player (1935–1939 and 1943), player-manager (1940–1942, 1944–1947) and non-playing manager (1948–1953)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Alston played for the Portsmouth Red Birds in 1938, finishing the season with a .311 average and 28 home runs as Portsmouth won its only Middle Atlantic League championship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is best known for managing the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers from 1954 through 1976, and signed 23 one-year contracts with the team."
}
] |
Walter Alston was a baseball player who played for 24 seasons.
| 0 | 1 |
Walter Alston
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)."
}
] |
vIW5eajjGNyKWBVfe5bN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass (2001) was a stage adaption by Adrian Mitchell for the Royal Shakespeare Company, in which the second act consists of Through the Looking-Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There (also known as Alice Through the Looking-Glass or simply Through the Looking-Glass) is an 1871 novel by Lewis Carroll and the sequel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865)."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), directed by James Bobin, is a sequel to the Tim-Burton-directed Disney reboot Alice in Wonderland (2010)."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Film and TV",
"text": "Nel Mondo Di Alice ( \"In the World of Alice\") is a 1974 Italian TV series that covers both novels, particularly Through the Looking-Glass in episodes 3 and 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Film and TV",
"text": "Alice in Wonderland (1999), a made-for-TV Hallmark/NBC film with Tina Majorino as Alice, uses elements from Through the Looking Glass, such as the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\", as well as the chess theme, including the snoring Red King and White Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through a Looking Glass (1966) was a NBC TV musical special, first airing on 6 November."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Other",
"text": "Through the Looking-Glass (2011) was a ballet by American composer John Craton Through the Zombie Glass (2013) is a book by Gena Showalter"
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Stand-alone adaptations",
"text": "Alice Through the Looking Glass (1973) is a BBC TV movie, directed by James MacTaggart and starring Sarah Sutton as Alice."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Film and TV",
"text": "The film features several elements from Through the Looking-Glass, including the talking flowers, Tweedledee & Tweedledum, and \"The Walrus and the Carpenter\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic adaptations | Adaptions with Alice's Adventures in Wonderland | Stage productions",
"text": "A 2-part production by Iris Theatre in London was staged in the summer of 2013, in which the second part consisted of Through the Looking-Glass."
}
] |
Through the Looking Glass was the prequel to Alice in Wonderland.
| 0 | 0 |
Through the Looking Glass
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnography",
"text": "The majority of Argentines descend from multiple European ethnic groups, primarily of Italian and Spanish descent, with over 25 million Argentines (almost 60% of the population) having some partial Italian origins."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Genetics studies",
"text": "Homburguer et al., 2015, PLOS One Genetics: 67% European, 28%"
}
] |
vIqBSOIEkVFKnnncjRsg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Its cities are largely characterized by both the prevalence of people of European descent, and of conscious imitation of American and European styles in fashion, architecture and design."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnography",
"text": "The majority of Argentines descend from multiple European ethnic groups, primarily of Italian and Spanish descent, with over 25 million Argentines (almost 60% of the population) having some partial Italian origins."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Argentina is a multicultural country with significant European influences."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnography",
"text": "Before the middle 19th century, the ethnic make up of Argentina was very similar to that of other countries of Hispanic America."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Government",
"text": "The federal government is composed of three branches: The Legislative branch consists of the bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "These figures appear to have changed quite significantly in recent years: data recorded in 2017 indicated that Catholics made up 66% of the population, indicating a drop of 10.5% in nine years, and the nonreligious in the country standing at 21% of the population, indicating an almost doubling over the same period."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Argentina (masculine argentino) means in Italian \"(made) of silver, silver coloured\", probably borrowed from the Old French adjective argentine \"(made) of silver"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise of the modern nation",
"text": "The Argentine government considered indigenous people as inferior beings, without the same rights as Criollos and Europeans."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Biodiversity",
"text": "The National Parks of Argentina make up a network of 35 national parks in Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnography",
"text": "However, mass European immigration did not have the same impact in the whole country."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Genetics studies",
"text": "Homburguer et al., 2015, PLOS One Genetics: 67% European, 28%"
}
] |
The country of Argentina is made up of people primarily of European descent.
| 1 | 5 |
Argentina
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "In 1911, Bartók wrote what was to be his only opera, Bluebeard's Castle, dedicated to Márta."
}
] |
vJ68gFJOCWSHPl5kmEGk
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers (Gillies 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "In 1911, Bartók wrote what was to be his only opera, Bluebeard's Castle, dedicated to Márta."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "Bluebeard's Castle received only one revival, in 1936, before Bartók emigrated."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "Following the 1919 revolution in which he actively participated, he was pressured by the Horthy regime to remove the name of librettist Béla Balázs from the opera, as Balázs was of Jewish origin, was blacklisted, and had left the country for Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New influences (1903–11)",
"text": "Until 1911, Bartók composed widely differing works which ranged from adherence to romantic-style, to folk song arrangements and to his modernist opera Bluebeard's Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Early years (1890–1902)",
"text": "Following his matriculation into the Budapest Academy in 1890 he composed very little, though he began to work on exercises in orchestration and familiarized himself thoroughly with the operas of Wagner (Stevens 1993, 12)."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogues and opus numbers",
"text": "Since his death, three attempts—two full and one partial—have been made at cataloguing."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical analysis",
"text": "Babbitt noted that \"Bartók's solution was a specific one, it cannot be duplicated\" (Babbitt 1949, 385)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "He initially found it difficult to compose."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through his collection and analytical study of folk music, he was one of the founders of comparative musicology, which later became ethnomusicology."
}
] |
Bartok composed one opera
| 2 | 6 |
Béla Bartók
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The novel was adapted into a film of the same name released in 1999 directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells."
}
] |
vJAx149woA1CQmd2mpFp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The name \"The Cider House Rules\" refers to the list of rules that the migrant workers are supposed to follow at the Ocean View Orchards."
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "The novel was adapted into a film of the same name released in 1999 directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Tobey Maguire as Homer Wells."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
}
] |
The Cider House Rules was never adapted into a movie.
| 0 | 0 |
The Cider House Rules
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "Evans was born in Chicago. When he was still a child, he relocated with his family to Youngstown, Ohio, where his Welsh-born father became superintendent at a Carnegie steel plant."
}
] |
vJMjxa2qJvK23YeNvoiH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "In Youngstown, the Evans family joined Westminster Presbyterian Church, where Billy Evans attended Sunday school."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league umpiring career",
"text": "From 1918 to 1928, he served as sports editor of Newspaper Enterprise Association and produced a syndicated sports column titled, \"Billy Evans Says\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Formative years",
"text": "Evans was born in Chicago. When he was still a child, he relocated with his family to Youngstown, Ohio, where his Welsh-born father became superintendent at a Carnegie steel plant."
}
] |
Billy Evan's daddy was English.
| 0 | 2 |
Billy Evans
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described in ancient and historical Greek, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts, though they significantly vary in detail."
}
] |
vK72SNwFqIWTvE8lf7fT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chandragupta Maurya (reign: 321–297 BCE) was the founder of the Maurya Empire in ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The historical sources which describe the life of Chandragupta Maurya vary considerably in details."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "The Buddhist texts such as Mahavamsa describe Chandragupta to be of Kshatriya origin."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life",
"text": "The early life of Chandragupta Maurya is unclear and varies by source."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "In 2018, a television series called Chandragupta Maurya portrays the life of Chandragupta Maurya."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession, renunciation, and death",
"text": "Prabhacandra, whom had been misidentified as Chandragupta Maurya particularly after the original publication on Shravanabelagola epigraphy by B. Lewis Rice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Conquest of the Nanda empire",
"text": "With the defeat of Nanda, Chandragupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire in ancient India."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession, renunciation, and death",
"text": "The Svetambaras texts describe Bhadrabahu was based near Nepalese foothills of the Himalayas in 3rd-century BCE, who neither moved nor travelled with Chandragupta Maurya to the south; rather, he died near Patliputra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described in ancient Greek, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts, but they vary significantly."
},
{
"section_header": "Empire | Rule",
"text": "Chandragupta applied the statecraft and economic policies described in Chanakya's text Arthashastra."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Chandragupta's life and accomplishments are described in ancient and historical Greek, Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts, though they significantly vary in detail."
}
] |
Founder of the Maurya Empire Chandragupta Maurya has original text that describe his life.
| 0 | 0 |
Chandragupta Maurya
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and amateur career",
"text": "He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912–1990), who himself was named in honor of the 19th-century Republican politician and staunch abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay, also from the state of Kentucky."
}
] |
vKECmmY4w3e7XsPwkDqK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Vietnam War and resistance to the draft | Impact of Ali's draft refusal",
"text": "\"Ali's resistance to the draft was covered in the 2013 documentary The Trials of Muhammad Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Antoine Fuqua's documentary What's My Name: Muhammad Ali was released in 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He converted to Islam and became a Muslim after 1961, and eventually took the name Muhammad Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In the media and popular culture",
"text": "Muhammad Ali's Greatest Fight dramatized the same aspect of Ali's life."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional boxing | Exile and comeback",
"text": "During this time of inactivity, as opposition to the Vietnam War began to grow and Ali's stance gained sympathy, he spoke at colleges across the nation, criticizing the Vietnam War and advocating African-American pride and racial justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional boxing | World heavyweight champion | Fights against Liston",
"text": "Soon after the Liston fight, Clay changed his name to Cassius X, and then later to Muhammad Ali upon converting to Islam and affiliating with the Nation of Islam."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Television appearances",
"text": "Muhammad Ali's fights were some of the world's most-watched television broadcasts, setting television viewership records."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years | Declining health",
"text": "In February 2013, Ali's brother Rahman Ali said Muhammad could no longer speak and could be dead within days."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Affiliation with the Nation of Islam",
"text": "\"Writer Jerry Izenberg once noted that, \"the Nation became Ali's family and Elijah Muhammad became his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and beliefs | Affiliation with the Nation of Islam",
"text": "Ali stated that his earlier name was a \"slave name,\" and added that \"I didn’t choose it and I don’t want it\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and amateur career",
"text": "He was named after his father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr. (1912–1990), who himself was named in honor of the 19th-century Republican politician and staunch abolitionist Cassius Marcellus Clay, also from the state of Kentucky."
}
] |
Muhammad Ali's birth name derived from an anti-slavery advocate.
| 2 | 4 |
Muhammad Ali
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with no distinctive seasons, uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall."
}
] |
vKJxVdn3MeJuic3GiCV2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "While temperature does not vary greatly throughout the year, there is a wetter monsoon season from November to February."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Climate",
"text": "Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with no distinctive seasons, uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity, and abundant rainfall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II",
"text": "About 5,000 were killed or wounded, of which Australians made up the majority."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Roughly 44 percent of the Singaporean workforce is made up of non-Singaporeans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic of Singapore",
"text": "Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Students begin with six years of primary school, which is made up of a four-year foundation course and a two-year orientation stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Employment",
"text": "Singapore has a low unemployment rate for a developed country, with the rate not exceeding 4% from 2005 to 2014, and reaching highs of 3.1% in 2005 and 3% during the 2009 global financial crisis; it fell to 1.8% in the first quarter of 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "History | British colonisation",
"text": "Singapore was not greatly affected by the First World War (1914–18), as the conflict did not spread to Southeast Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Since then the two countries have been major players in strengthening the ASEAN–China relationship, and has maintained a long-standing and greatly prioritised close relationship partly due to China's growing influence and essentiality in the Asia-Pacific region, specifying that \"its common interest with China is far greater than any differences\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Name and etymology",
"text": "Another name, the \"Little Red Dot\", was adopted after Indonesian President B. J. Habibie dismissed Singapore by referring to a red dot on a map."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong."
}
] |
Singapore is made up of many tiny mountains and has cool weather with low humidity and little rain with 3 seasons that differ greatly.
| 2 | 5 |
Singapore
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ten years after their disbanding, a compilation, ABBA Gold was released, which became a worldwide bestseller."
}
] |
vKlLlTDGlVz3PnTyzbew
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Resurgence of public interest",
"text": "With sales of 30 million, Gold is the best-selling ABBA album, as well as one of the best-selling albums worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ten years after their disbanding, a compilation, ABBA Gold was released, which became a worldwide bestseller."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final recording sessions",
"text": "Back in the studio again in early August, the group had changed plans for the rest of the year: they settled for a Christmas release of a double album compilation of all their past single releases to be named The Singles: The First Ten Years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1976–1981: Superstardom",
"text": "It still remains as one of the best-selling singles of all time in Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Break and reunion",
"text": "In interviews at the time, Björn and Benny denied the split of ABBA (\"Who are we without our ladies?"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1973–1976: Breakthrough | Post-Eurovision",
"text": "It was not as successful as the band had hoped, since most of the venues did not sell out."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1976–1981: Superstardom",
"text": "In South Africa, ABBA had astounding success with \"Fernando\", \"Dancing Queen\" and \"Knowing Me, Knowing You\" being among the top 20 best-selling singles for 1976–77."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1981–1982: Final album and performances | Final recording sessions",
"text": "\"I Am the City\" and \"Just Like That\" were left unreleased on The Singles: The First Ten Years for possible inclusion on the next projected studio album, though this never came to fruition."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1976–1981: Superstardom",
"text": "In 1977, Arrival was nominated for the inaugural BRIT Award in the category \"Best International Album of the Year\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Estimates of ABBA's total record sales are over 150 million, making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time."
}
] |
Ten years after the band ABBA split, they released a best selling album.
| 3 | 5 |
ABBA
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611."
}
] |
vKw2KiAYNSwsq88iX0fe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "When Cymbeline was actually written cannot be precisely dated."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism and interpretation",
"text": "By the early twentieth century, the play had lost favour."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Furthermore, both were written for the same theatre company and audience."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In the late nineteenth century, the play was produced several times in India."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural references",
"text": "Perhaps the most famous verses in the play come from the funeral song of Act IV, Scene 2, which begins: Fear no more the heat o' the sun,"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Meanwhile, despairing of his life, a guilt-ridden Posthumus enlists in the Roman forces as they begin their invasion of Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In the late eighteenth century, Cymbeline was performed in Jamaica."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Milford Haven is not known to have been used during the period (early 1st century AD) in which Cymbeline is set, and it is not known why Shakespeare used it in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Some details of this alteration survived in productions at least until the middle of the century."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Nearer the end of the century, Henry Brooke wrote an adaptation which was apparently never staged."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While the precise date of composition remains unknown, the play was certainly produced as early as 1611."
}
] |
The play was written around the beginning of the seventeenth century.
| 0 | 0 |
Cymbeline
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary."
}
] |
vKyAuz8buYa7BHeDQATJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1802, he returned to the U.S. When he died on June 8, 1809, only six people attended his funeral as he had been ostracized for his ridicule of Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Edison",
"text": "The inventor Thomas Edison said: I have always regarded Paine as one of the greatest of all Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thomas Paine (born Thomas Pain) (February 9, 1737"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Thomas Edison",
"text": "Never have we had a sounder intelligence in this republic.... It was my good fortune to encounter Thomas Paine's works in my boyhood... it was, indeed, a revelation to me to read that great thinker's views on political and theological subjects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In The Age of Reason he advocated deism, promoted reason and free thought and argued against institutionalized religion in general and Christian doctrine in particular."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The same site is the home of the Thomas Paine Memorial Museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "Marguerite de Bonneville published the essay in 1810 after Paine's death, but she chose to omit certain passages from it that were critical of Christianity, most of which were restored in an 1818 printing."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "On September 27, 1759, Thomas Paine married Mary Lambert."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "All national institutions of churches, whether Jewish, Christian or Turkish, appear to me no other than human inventions, set up to terrify and enslave mankind, and monopolize power and profit."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "In the essay, he stated: \"The Christian religion is a parody on the worship of the sun, in which they put a man called Christ in the place of the sun, and pay him the adoration originally paid to the sun\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[O.S. January 29, 1736] – June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary."
}
] |
Thomas Paine was the founder of Williamsburg and ridiculed Christianity.
| 0 | 2 |
Thomas Paine
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played shortstop for the Cincinnati Reds of the Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1986 to 2004."
}
] |
vLCRP11EmC8GFMYuRFXY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "In all, he played only 177 minor league games in his professional career."
},
{
"section_header": "Amateur career",
"text": "Larkin accepted a football scholarship to the University of Michigan to play for coach Bo Schembechler, but during his freshman year, he decided to play baseball exclusively."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "During strained contract negotiations with Reds COO John Allen in late 2003, Larkin almost left the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Barry Louis Larkin (born April 28, 1964) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Larkin's brother, Stephen Larkin, was also a professional baseball player; he made it to the major leagues for one game with the Reds."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Later career",
"text": "During the 2002 season, Larkin played in 145 games but hit for the lowest batting average (.245) since his first full year in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "The team played Cuba and China besides the home country."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-retirement",
"text": "He was invited by the Brazilian Baseball Federation to manage their national team in the qualifiers for the 2013 World Baseball Classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He served as a coach for the American team in the 2009 World Baseball Classic and managed the Brazilian national team for the same event in 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Cincinnati, Larkin attended the University of Michigan, where he played college baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played shortstop for the Cincinnati Reds of the Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1986 to 2004."
}
] |
Larkin played for 5 different teams during his professional baseball career.
| 1 | 4 |
Barry Larkin
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Facing directly from West to East, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt."
}
] |
vLiZp2BegOGxkPZ6TF6k
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Facing directly from West to East, it stands on the Giza Plateau on the west bank of the Nile in Giza, Egypt."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Examination of the Sphinx's face shows that long rods or chisels were hammered into the nose, one down from the bridge and one beneath the nostril, then used to pry the nose off towards the south."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Fringe hypotheses | Orion correlation theory",
"text": "The authors argue that the geographic relationship of the Sphinx, the Giza pyramids and the Nile directly corresponds with Leo, Orion and the Milky Way respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The face and head have been mutilated by Moslem fanatics."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "The one-metre-wide nose on the face is missing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The face of the Sphinx is generally believed to represent the pharaoh Khafre."
},
{
"section_header": "Missing nose and beard",
"text": "Residues of red pigment are visible on areas of the Sphinx's face."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Fringe hypotheses | Racial characteristics",
"text": "Over the years several authors have commented on what they perceive as \"Negroid\" characteristics in the face of the Sphinx."
},
{
"section_header": "Origin and identity | Dissenting hypotheses | Modern dissenting hypotheses",
"text": "Frank Domingo, a forensic scientist in the New York City Police Department and an expert forensic anthropologist, used detailed measurements of the Sphinx, forensic drawings and computer imaging to conclude the face depicted on the Sphinx is not the same face as is depicted on a statue attributed to Khafra."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "From the 16th century far into the 19th century, observers repeatedly noted that the Sphinx has the face, neck and breast of a woman."
}
] |
It is facing directly from North to South.
| 0 | 7 |
Great Sphinx of Giza
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Hill was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006 along with 16 other Negro league and pre-Negro league figures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Philadelphia Giants, Leland Giants, Chicago American Giants, Detroit Stars, Milwaukee Bears, and Baltimore Black Sox."
}
] |
vMiSYuxPX41ng0jLwEtt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m), 215 pound Hill was considered the most important member of three of the most talented Negro league teams to ever play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Hill was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2006 along with 16 other Negro league and pre-Negro league figures."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In late July 2010, the Hall of Fame announced that it would commission a new plaque to correct Hill's name from Joseph Preston Hill to John Preston Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Preston \"Pete\" Hill (October 12, 1882 – November 19, 1951) was an American outfielder and manager in baseball's Negro leagues from 1899 to 1925."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Foster usually built his teams around Hill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hill starred for teams owned by Negro league executive Rube Foster for much of his playing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "An all-star team compiled by Cumberland Posey in 1944 also listed Hill as one of the greatest Negro league outfielders."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Foster decided to form the Chicago American Giants, which chiefly consisted of Foster's best players from Leland, including Hill, who was made team captain."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He spent much of his career playing for teams run by Negro league pioneer Rube Foster."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Philadelphia Giants, Leland Giants, Chicago American Giants, Detroit Stars, Milwaukee Bears, and Baltimore Black Sox."
}
] |
Pete Hill was a member of six teams and a member of the Hall of Fame
| 0 | 0 |
Pete Hill
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "informally Holland, is a country primarily located in Western Europe and partly in the Caribbean, forming the largest constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands."
}
] |
vNPhdhmE4euIF5IAFxdz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Europe, it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest, with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The Randstad is the country's largest conurbation located in the west of the country and contains the four largest cities: Amsterdam in the province North Holland, Rotterdam and The Hague in the province South Holland, and Utrecht in the province Utrecht."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "informally Holland, is a country primarily located in Western Europe and partly in the Caribbean, forming the largest constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | The Netherlands and the Low Countries",
"text": "The geographical location of the upper region, however, changed tremendously over time, depending on the location of the economic and military power governing the Low Countries area."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | The Netherlands and the Low Countries",
"text": "In the case of the Low Countries / Netherlands the geographical location of the lower region has been more or less downstream and near the sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | The Netherlands and the Low Countries",
"text": "The Romans made a distinction between the Roman provinces of downstream Germania Inferior (nowadays part of Belgium and the Netherlands) and upstream Germania Superior (nowadays part of Germany)."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | The Netherlands and the Low Countries",
"text": "The area known as Oberland (High country) was in this deictic context considered to begin approximately at the nearby higher located Cologne."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | The Netherlands and the Low Countries",
"text": "pro toto for the Low Countries, especially in Romance language speaking Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "West Frisian has a formal status for government correspondence in that province."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The European part of the country is for the most part flat, with the exception of foothills in the far southeast, up to a height of no more than 321 metres, and some low hill ranges in the central parts."
}
] |
The Netherlands is a European country that is located only in west part of Europe and consists of 12 provinces.
| 0 | 0 |
Netherlands
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger, and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Over the years Catherine carried on sexual liaisons with many men, including Sergei Saltykov, Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov (1734–1783), Alexander Vasilchikov, Grigory Potemkin, Stanisław August Poniatowski, and others."
}
] |
vOnCYAgWP5u5P1g0A2oA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Catherine II (born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 1729 – 17 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was Empress of Russia from 1762 until 1796—the country's longest-ruling female leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under her reign, Russia was revitalised; it grew larger and stronger, and was recognised as one of the great powers of Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "Finally, Catherine's lack of shame about expressing her sexuality together with her incongruous position as a female leader in the male-dominated society of Europe made her the object of much malicious gossip, and the story of her supposed death while attempting sex with a stallion was meant to show how \"unnatural\" her rule as empress of Russia was."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Marlene Dietrich portrayed Catherine the Great in the film The Scarlet Empress (1934)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In terms of elite acceptance of a female ruler, it was more of an issue in Western Europe than in Russia."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The television movie Catherine the Great (1995) stars Catherine Zeta-Jones as Catherine and Jeanne Moreau as Empress Elizabeth."
},
{
"section_header": "Reign of Peter III and the coup d'état of July 1762",
"text": "She succeeded her husband as empress regnant, following the precedent established when Catherine I succeeded her husband Peter the Great in 1725."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Catherine the Great was released in 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An admirer of Peter the Great, Catherine continued to modernize Russia along Western European lines."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "She was a subject in The Royal Diaries series in the book Catherine: The Great Journey, Russia, 1743 by Kristiana Gregory."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Over the years Catherine carried on sexual liaisons with many men, including Sergei Saltykov, Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov (1734–1783), Alexander Vasilchikov, Grigory Potemkin, Stanisław August Poniatowski, and others."
}
] |
Catherine the Great, was Empress of Russia, the country's longest-ruling female leader, and was recognized as one of the great powers of Europe during her rule from 1734–1783.
| 0 | 0 |
Catherine the Great
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English."
}
] |
vPUCCcrByJ3ICvS4Kl0z
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan is officially recognized by American Samoa and Chamorro is an official language of Guam."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico and is more widely spoken than English there."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "English (specifically, American English) is the de facto national language of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "In addition to English, Alaska recognizes twenty official Native languages, and South Dakota recognizes Sioux."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "18% of all Americans claim to speak both English and another language."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Mass media",
"text": "More than 800 publications are produced in Spanish, the second most commonly used language in the United States behind English."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Both Carolinian and Chamorro have official recognition in the Northern Mariana Islands."
}
] |
The official language of the United States is English.
| 3 | 5 |
America
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams, along with Jackie Robinson (whose number was retired by Major League Baseball) and Frank Robinson."
}
] |
vPV2vvbXY4ymF0cj7SCC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only three players in history to have his number retired by at least three teams, along with Jackie Robinson (whose number was retired by Major League Baseball) and Frank Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan and Frank Robinson are the only two major league players to have their number retired by three teams on which they played."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "He was the final active player from the 1960s to retire from Major League Baseball, outlasting Carlton Fisk (the final active position player) by three months."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ryan is one of only 29 players in baseball history to have appeared in Major League baseball games in four different decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His number was the first retired by the Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Two managers, Casey Stengel (Yankees and Mets) and Sparky Anderson (Reds and Tigers) also had their numbers retired by more than one team."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity",
"text": "After retiring from baseball, Ryan teamed up with the federal government to promote physical fitness."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The California Angels (now the Los Angeles Angels) retired the number 30 on June 16, 1992; the Texas Rangers retired his number 34 on September 15, 1996; and the Houston Astros retired number 34 on September 29, 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "That year, he ranked 41st on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players and was elected to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan played in more seasons (27) than any other player in modern (since 1900) major league history."
}
] |
Nolan Ryan is the only player in baseball history to have his number retired by at least three teams.
| 0 | 3 |
Nolan Ryan
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Finland subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 42.6 years."
}
] |
vPWLMACb3yY2Ld1Dy8dC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The population of Finland is currently about 5.5 million inhabitants and is aging with the birth rate at 10.42 births per 1,000 population per year, or a fertility rate of 1.49 children born per woman, one of the lowest in the world, below the replacement rate of 2.1, it remains considerably below the high of 5.17 children born per woman in 1887."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The fertility rate in 2014 stood at 1.71 children born/per woman and has been below the replacement rate of 2.1 since 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Finland subsequently has one of the oldest populations in the world, with the average age of 42.6 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Finland has an average population density of 18 inhabitants per square kilometre."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II and after",
"text": "In the 1970s and '80s, Finland built one of the most extensive welfare states in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The under-five mortality rate has decreased from 51 per 1,000 live births in 1950 to 2.3 per 1,000 live births in 2017 ranking Finland's rate among the lowest in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "This is the third-lowest population density of any European country, behind those of Norway and Iceland, and the lowest population density in the EU."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Finland has a population of approximately 5.5 million, making it the 25th-most populous country in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Civil war and early independence",
"text": "In 1917, the population was 3 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The children of foreigners are not automatically given Finnish citizenship, as Finnish nationality law practices and maintain jus sanguinis policy where only children born to at least one Finnish parent are granted citizenship."
}
] |
The population of Finland is currently about 5.5 million inhabitants with a fertility rate of 1.49 children born per woman, one of the lowest in the world, and one of the youngest populations in the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Finland
|
Geography
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "Through the years, the Berlin Wall evolved through four versions: Wire fence and concrete block wall (1961) Improved wire fence (1962–1965) Improved concrete wall (1965–1975) Through the years, the Berlin Wall evolved through four versions: Wire fence and concrete block wall (1961) Improved wire fence (1962–1965) Improved concrete wall (1965–1975) Grenzmauer 75 (Border Wall 75) (1975–1989)The \"fourth-generation Wall\", known officially as \"Stützwandelement UL 12.11\" (retaining wall element UL 12.11), was the final and most sophisticated version of the Wall."
}
] |
vPchxYUTbEnR70nhY5uO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "Through the years, the Berlin Wall evolved through four versions: Wire fence and concrete block wall (1961) Improved wire fence (1962–1965) Improved concrete wall (1965–1975) Through the years, the Berlin Wall evolved through four versions: Wire fence and concrete block wall (1961) Improved wire fence (1962–1965) Improved concrete wall (1965–1975) Grenzmauer 75 (Border Wall 75) (1975–1989)The \"fourth-generation Wall\", known officially as \"Stützwandelement UL 12.11\" (retaining wall element UL 12.11), was the final and most sophisticated version of the Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "The concrete provisions added to this version of the Wall were done to prevent escapees from driving their cars through the barricades."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "The movement neared its height on 4 November, when half a million people gathered to demand political change, at the Alexanderplatz demonstration, East Berlin's large public square and transportation hub."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and adjacent areas | Layout and modifications",
"text": "This version of the Wall is the one most commonly seen in photographs, and surviving fragments of the Wall in Berlin and elsewhere around the world are generally pieces of the fourth-generation Wall."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "After further questions from journalists, he confirmed that the regulations included the border crossings through the Wall into West Berlin, which he had not mentioned until then."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "However, this still left thousands of people demanding to be let through \"as Schabowski said we can\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "As the Ossis swarmed through, they were greeted by Wessis waiting with flowers and champagne amid wild rejoicing."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "This time, however, the East German authorities allowed people to leave, provided that they did so by train through East Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Erection of the inner German border | Berlin emigration loophole",
"text": "The Berlin sector border was essentially a \"loophole\" through which Eastern Bloc citizens could still escape."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage",
"text": "Three western lines traveled through brief sections of East Berlin territory, passing through eastern stations (called Geisterbahnhöfe, or ghost stations) without stopping."
}
] |
The Berlin Wall evolved through 4 versions.
| 2 | 8 |
Berlin Wall
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother, Elvira, is a physics teacher who runs a pharmacy, and her father, Mark Kunis, is a mechanical engineer who works as a cab driver."
}
] |
vPeYiJHBm4wPaKqfE4LW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ted (2012), Bad Moms (2016) and its sequel, A Bad Moms Christmas (2017)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "I always talk to my mom and my grandma about it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "Following the financial success of Bad Moms, STX Entertainment reunited Kunis with her co-stars Kristen Bell and Kathryn Hahn for a sequel, A Bad Moms Christmas, which was released on November 1, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–present: continued work",
"text": "Kunis co-starred with Kristen Bell and Christina Applegate in the comedy Bad Moms, which was released July 29, 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother, Elvira, is a physics teacher who runs a pharmacy, and her father, Mark Kunis, is a mechanical engineer who works as a cab driver."
}
] |
Mila's mom is an educator.
| 0 | 0 |
Mila Kunis
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards",
"text": "86th Academy Awards (2014): Best Picture and Best Actor, nominations, for The Wolf of Wall Street"
}
] |
vQ3c45mEVjfWhnl3TAZy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and acting background",
"text": "DiCaprio was named Leonardo because his pregnant mother was looking at a Leonardo da Vinci painting in the Uffizi museum in Florence, Italy, when he first kicked."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present: Emphasis on documentaries | Upcoming projects",
"text": "Later that year, Paramount won a bidding war against Universal Pictures for the rights to adapt Walter Isaacson's biography of Leonardo da Vinci."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present: Emphasis on documentaries",
"text": "He received nominations for an Oscar, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 1999, DiCaprio met Brazilian model Gisele Bündchen, whom he dated until 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Environmental activism",
"text": "He established the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation in 1998, a non-profit organization devoted to promoting environmental awareness."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 1998, DiCaprio and his mother donated $35,000 for a \"Leonardo DiCaprio Computer Center\" at the library in Los Feliz, the site of his childhood home."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and acting style",
"text": "In 2005, DiCaprio was made a commander of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Minister of Culture for his contributions to the arts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio (, Italian: [diˈkaːprjo]; born November 11, 1974) is an American actor, producer, philanthropist, and environmentalist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2002–2009: Move into film production",
"text": "It won the Earthwatch Environmental Film Award through the National Geographic Channel in March 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2013: Collaboration with Martin Scorsese",
"text": "DiCaprio wanted to play Belfort ever since he had read his autobiography and won a bidding war with Warner Bros. against Brad Pitt/Paramount Pictures for the rights to Belfort's memoir in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Filmography and awards",
"text": "86th Academy Awards (2014): Best Picture and Best Actor, nominations, for The Wolf of Wall Street"
}
] |
Leonardo DiCaprio won his first Oscar in 2005.
| 3 | 5 |
Leonardo DiCaprio
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, who had met at the painting classes of Hans Hofmann in Provincetown, Massachusetts, separated when he was two years old after his father announced that he was gay."
}
] |
vQg4TgdWhudCvVzdBrAn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was of Irish and Italian descent, while his mother had Dutch, English, French, and German ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents, who had met at the painting classes of Hans Hofmann in Provincetown, Massachusetts, separated when he was two years old after his father announced that he was gay."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1963–1973: Early roles and breakthrough",
"text": "Next, De Niro starred in De Palma's comedy Hi, Mom! (1970), a sequel to Greetings."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2007–2016: Further film roles",
"text": "In 2014, De Niro appeared in a documentary about his father, Robert De Niro, Sr., titled Remembering the Artist: Robert De Niro, Sr. which aired on HBO."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His mother was raised Presbyterian but became an atheist as an adult, while his father had been a lapsed Catholic since the age of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In November 2018, it was reported De Niro and Hightower had separated after 20 years of marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father lived nearby, and remained close with De Niro during his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1997: Directorial debut and crime dramas",
"text": "De Niro plays priest Bobby Carillo, a father figure to the four boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1992–1997: Directorial debut and crime dramas",
"text": "De Niro starred in his directorial debut, A Bronx Tale (1993), a coming-of-age story about an Italian-American boy who is torn between the temptations of organized crime, racism in his community, and the values of his decent father."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1963–1973: Early roles and breakthrough",
"text": "After two years, De Niro returned to the screen in Bang"
}
] |
Robert De Niro father was of Irish and Italian descent, while his mother had Dutch, English, French, and German ancestry separated when he was two years old after his father announced that he was gay.
| 0 | 0 |
Robert De Niro
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog while saving Janie from drowning and becomes increasingly jealous and unpredictable."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "When he tries to shoot Janie with his pistol, she fatally shoots him with a rifle in self-defense and is charged with murder."
}
] |
vQgBYJ8X25JXLsLmz4O5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity | Janie Crawford",
"text": "Janie Crawford is the main character of Their Eyes Were Watching God."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations for theater, film and radio",
"text": "It Around, To Show My Shine, which is based on Their Eyes Were Watching God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel explores main character Janie Crawford's \"ripening from a vibrant, but voiceless, teenage girl into a woman with her finger on the trigger of her own"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis",
"text": "In the article \"Racial and sexual politics of Their Eyes are Watching God from a spatial perspective\", Lihua Zhao argues that Janie is a victim of racism and gender sexism which leads to her poor character attributes in a lead black female novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Rediscovery",
"text": "The 1977 biography was followed in 1978 by the re-issue of Their Eyes Were Watching God."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their Eyes Were Watching God is a 1937 novel by American writer Zora Neale Hurston."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Hurston wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God while living in Belle Glade, at the home of Harvey Poole, who, as manager of one of the local labor camps, informed her tremendously about bean picking, and the labors of African-Americans on the muckland."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Rediscovery",
"text": "New York Times critic Lucille Tompkins described Their Eyes Were Watching God: \"It is about Negroes... but really it is about every one, or at least every one who isn't so civilized that he has lost the capacity for glory.\" As universities across the country developed Black Studies programs in the 1970s and 1980s, they created greater space for Black literature in academia."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations and influences",
"text": "Hurston wrote Their Eyes Were Watching God three weeks after the tumultuous conclusion of her relationship with Punter."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Masculinity and femininity",
"text": "Scholars argue that, in Their Eyes Were Watching God, the role of masculinity is portrayed through the subordination and objectification of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "Tea Cake is bitten by a rabid dog while saving Janie from drowning and becomes increasingly jealous and unpredictable."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "When he tries to shoot Janie with his pistol, she fatally shoots him with a rifle in self-defense and is charged with murder."
}
] |
In Their Eyes Were Watching God, the main character Janie is forced to deal with one of her husbands like Old Yeller.
| 0 | 0 |
Their Eyes Were Watching God
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He was married to Dorothy Meyers of Cincinnati and had two children, Eppa Rixey III and Ann Rixey Sikes and five grandchildren, James Rixey, Eppa Rixey IV, Steve Sikes, Paige Sikes, and David Sikes."
}
] |
vQiOZIao8s9EXVrnpM7l
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "The relationship between Rixey and manager Gavvy Cravath was never good, and Cravath had made known his desire to trade him; however, he stayed with the Phillies that season, working on his delivery with former pitcher Jesse Tannehill, who, Rixey admitted, helped with his pitching delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He was married to Dorothy Meyers of Cincinnati and had two children, Eppa Rixey III and Ann Rixey Sikes and five grandchildren, James Rixey, Eppa Rixey IV, Steve Sikes, Paige Sikes, and David Sikes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Neither Rixey nor Rigler received any signing bonus."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "When Rixey started playing, he was considered an \"anomaly\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Eppa Rixey Jr. was born on May 3, 1891, in Culpeper, Virginia, to Eppa Rixey and his wife Willie Alice (née Walton)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His uncles were John Franklin Rixey, a former congressman, and Presley Marion Rixey, a former Surgeon General of the United States Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rixey attended the University of Virginia where he was a star pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "With his family in financial trouble, Rixey accepted the deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1960, Rixey finished third in the balloting behind former teammate Edd Roush and Sam Rice (who was later inducted the same year as Rixey)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1915, the Phillies played in the World Series, and Rixey lost in his only appearance."
}
] |
Rixey never wed and had no kids.
| 0 | 2 |
Eppa Rixey
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, he founded the clothing retailer Rocawear, and in 2003, he founded the luxury sports bar chain 40/40 Club."
}
] |
vQpkFz3nbgwygXWDzBiz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "\" Jay-Z and Damon Dash are the founders of the urban clothing brand Rocawear."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1999, he founded the clothing retailer Rocawear, and in 2003, he founded the luxury sports bar chain 40/40 Club."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "Rocawear has clothing lines and accessories for men, women and children."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "In March 2007, Jay-Z sold the rights to the Rocawear brand to Iconix Brand Group, for $204 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "He also co-owns the 40/40 Club, an upscale sports bar that started in New York City and has since expanded to Atlantic City and Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2001–2002: Feud with Nas, The Blueprint and The Blueprint2",
"text": "Nas responded with a diss track called \"Ether\" and Jay-Z straightaway added a verse to \"Takeover\" which dissed Nas and would start a feud between the two rappers."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "In an interview, he stated that \"my brands are an extension of me."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2005–2007: Kingdom Come and American Gangster",
"text": "Jay-Z's American Gangster depicts his life in correlation to the movie American Gangster."
},
{
"section_header": "Business career",
"text": "The shares were eventually sold to singer, rapper, actor and entrepreneur Will Pan, making Pan the first American of Taiwanese descent to own a U.S. professional sports franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2005–2007: Kingdom Come and American Gangster",
"text": "released his tenth album entitled American Gangster on November 6, 2007."
}
] |
American rapper Jay-Z started the 40/40 Club and he clothing brand Rocawear.
| 0 | 0 |
Jay-Z
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars is an American epic space-opera media franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the eponymous 1977 film and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon."
}
] |
vRFYNXMDk8OSgPx9hNQR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "LucasArts was founded after Star Wars creator George Lucas took interest in the increasing success of the video game market."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | EA Star Wars (2014–present)",
"text": "In August 2018, it was announced that Zynga would publish free-to-play Star Wars mobile games."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "A massively multiplayer online role-playing game, Star Wars Galaxies, was in operation from 2003 until 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "Dark Forces (1995), a hybrid adventure game incorporating puzzles and strategy, was the first Star Wars first-person shooter."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | LucasArts and modern self-published games (1993–2014)",
"text": "Lucasfilm had founded its own video game company in 1982, becoming best known for adventure games and World War II flight combat games."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "The Star Wars film series centers around three sets of trilogies, which are collectively referred to as the \"Skywalker saga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "Three Star Wars tabletop role-playing games have been developed: a version by West End Games in the 1980s and 1990s, one by Wizards of the Coast in the 2000s, and one by Fantasy Flight Games in the 2010s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Star Wars is an American epic space-opera media franchise created by George Lucas, which began with the eponymous 1977 film and quickly became a worldwide pop-culture phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Theme park attractions",
"text": "A themed hotel, Star Wars: Galactic Starcruiser, is currently under construction at Walt Disney World."
},
{
"section_header": "Premise",
"text": "The Star Wars franchise depicts the adventures of characters \"A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away\", in which humans and many species of aliens (often humanoid) co-exist with robots, or 'droids', who may assist them in their daily routines; space travel between planets is common due to lightspeed hyperspace technology."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "The success of the Star Wars films led the franchise to become one of the most merchandised franchises in the world."
}
] |
The epic Star Wars adventure prompted an international concept of successful marketing icons from the characters to the themes for collections and games playing.
| 0 | 0 |
Star Wars
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or simply Rogue One) is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards."
}
] |
vRZcp0xlOmWwcBj2oJqm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "The sequel to the Star Wars Battlefront reboot, Star Wars Battlefront 2 (2017), released an update including the planet Scariff as a location for several of its gamemodes."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Tie-in novels",
"text": "The novelization of the film was written by Alexander Freed, and released on December 16, 2016.Months after the film was released, Disney | Lucasfilm Press published another novel titled Star Wars: Rebel Rising on May 2, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film was released in certain European countries on December 14, 2016, and was released in North America on December 16, with China getting the film on January 6, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Yes, it's an action movie, and it's a Star Wars film, and it has all the things that you would come to expect and love about that, but I didn't want to forget that it was also an incredibly emotional movie as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Rogue One was released on Digital HD on March 24, 2017, and by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on April 4, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In a poll on the official Star Wars website in May 2017, in which more than 30,000 people voted, Chirrut Îmwe was voted as the most popular Rogue One character."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comics",
"text": "The miniseries' complete collection was released on December 12, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "20th at the time of its release), the second-highest-grossing film of 2016, and the fourth-highest-grossing film in the Star Wars franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Comics",
"text": "In August 2017, IDW Publishing announced that it would make a one-shot graphic novel adaptation of the film, which was released one day after the Marvel miniseries' collection was released."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "Several characters and concepts from the film were also included in the mobile games Star Wars: Force Arena, Star Wars Commander and Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes, all available on iOS and Android."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or simply Rogue One) is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards."
}
] |
This Star Wars movie was released in 2017.
| 1 | 2 |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in Greek myths, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus, Heracles and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern Thebes is the largest town of the regional unit of Boeotia."
}
] |
vRsOULwrVgLTQQ1JFOrd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "[tʰɛ̂ːbai̯]) is a city in Boeotia, central Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Modern Thebes is the largest town of the regional unit of Boeotia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It played an important role in Greek myths, as the site of the stories of Cadmus, Oedipus, Dionysus, Heracles and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thebes was the largest city of the ancient region of Boeotia and was the leader of the Boeotian confederacy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Modern town",
"text": "In the modern Greek State, Thebes was the capital of the prefecture of Boeotia until the late 19th century, when Livadeia became the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prior to its destruction by Alexander in 335 BC, Thebes was a major force in Greek history, and was the most dominant city-state at the time of the Macedonian conquest of Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Archaic and classical periods",
"text": "In 457 BC Sparta, needing a counterpoise against Athens in central Greece, reversed her policy and reinstated Thebes as the dominant power in Boeotia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and destruction",
"text": "In the Third Sacred War (356—346 BC) with its neighbor Phocis, Thebes lost its predominance in central Greece."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mythic record",
"text": "The record of the earliest days of Thebes was preserved among the Greeks in an abundant mass of legends that rival the myths of Troy in their wide ramification and the influence that they exerted on the literature of the classical age."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hellenistic and Roman periods | Restoration by Cassander",
"text": "The death of Cassander in 297 BC created a power vacuum throughout much of Greece, which contributed, in part, to Thebes' besiegement by Demetrius Poliorcetes in 293 BC, and again after a revolt in 292 BC."
}
] |
Thebes is the largest city in Boeotia, central modern Greece, and played a major part in the Greek myths.
| 0 | 0 |
Thebes, Greece
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | The hunting lodge and château of Louis XIII",
"text": "The site of the Palace was first occupied by a small village and church, surrounded by forests filled with abundant game."
}
] |
vSCuV8h3GgjYa2tfMHTx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution",
"text": "This was a picturesque collection of buildings modeled after a rural French hamlet, where the Queen and her courtiers could play at being peasants."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The hunting lodge and château of Louis XIII",
"text": "The site of the Palace was first occupied by a small village and church, surrounded by forests filled with abundant game."
},
{
"section_header": "Gardens and fountains | The Fountains and the Shortage of Water | Sanitation",
"text": "Most of Versailles' inhabitants used communal latrines located throughout the palace, off the main galleries or at the end of the residential corridors on the upper floors."
},
{
"section_header": "The Grand Trianon and Petit Trianon",
"text": "In 1780, she built a small theater at the Petit Trianon."
},
{
"section_header": "Gardens and fountains | The Fountains and the Shortage of Water",
"text": "The site of the Palace itself is 490 ft. above sea level, with the nearest body of water capable of supplying the gardens and court being the Seine River, 6 miles north."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century - history museum and government venue",
"text": "He did not reside at Versailles, but began the creation of the Museum of the History of France, dedicated to \"all the glories of France\", located in the south wing of the Palace, which had been used to house some members of the royal family."
},
{
"section_header": "History | The hunting lodge and château of Louis XIII",
"text": "After he became King in 1610, Louis XIII returned to the village, bought some land, and in 1623-24 built a modest two-story hunting lodge on the site of the current marble courtyard."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Louis XVI, and the Palace during the Revolution",
"text": "The empty grand apartments were opened for tours beginning in 1793, and a small museum of French paintings and art school was opened in some of the empty rooms."
},
{
"section_header": "Cost",
"text": "An estimate in 2000 placed the amount spent during the Ancien Régime as US$2 billion, this figure being, in all probability, an under-evaluation."
},
{
"section_header": "Cost",
"text": "Additionally, given the quality and uniqueness of the items produced at the Gobelins for use and display at Versailles, the palace served as a venue to showcase not only the success of Colbert's mercantilism, but also to display the finest that France could produce."
}
] |
The land of the Palace of Versailles used to be a small town.
| 2 | 5 |
Palace of Versailles
|
NOCAT
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ieyasu was posthumously enshrined at Nikkō Tōshō-gū with the name Tōshō Daigongen (東照大權現)."
}
] |
vSJWeM5qGOnq7ej8FerB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life (1542–1556)",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu was born in Okazaki Castle on the 26th day of the twelfth month of the eleventh year of Tenbun, according to the Japanese calendar."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ieyasu was posthumously enshrined at Nikkō Tōshō-gū with the name Tōshō Daigongen (東照大權現)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Ieyasu's father, Matsudaira Hirotada, was a minor local warlord based at Okazaki Castle who controlled a portion of the Tōkaidō highway linking Kyoto with the eastern provinces."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to Power (1560-1570)",
"text": "With Yoshimoto dead, and the Imagawa clan in a state of confusion, Motoyasu used the opportunity to assert his independence and marched his men back into the abandoned Okazaki Castle and reclaimed his ancestral seat."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life (1542–1556)",
"text": "This gave Oda Nobuhide the confidence to attack Okazaki."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Conflict with Hideyori",
"text": "Then the Tokugawa, with a huge army led by Ieyasu and shōgun Hidetada, laid siege to Osaka castle in what is now known as \"the Winter Siege of Osaka\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Service under Imagawa (1556–1560)",
"text": "This was nominally within Matsudaira territory, so Imagawa Yoshimoto entrusted the campaign to Ieyasu and his retainers from Okazaki."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise to Power (1560-1570) | Growing political influence",
"text": "In 1570, Ieyasu established Hamamatsu as the capital of his territory, placing his son Nobuyasu in charge of Okazaki."
},
{
"section_header": "Ōgosho (1605–1616) | Conflict with Hideyori",
"text": "Ieyasu ordered Hideyori to leave Osaka Castle, but those in the castle refused and summoned samurai to gather within the castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Ieyasu and Nobunaga (1570-1584) | Conflict with Takeda",
"text": "To the surprise and relief of the Tokugawa army, this spectacle made the Takeda generals suspicious of being led into a trap, so they did not besiege the castle and instead made camp for the night."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tokugawa Ieyasu (德川家康, January 31, 1543 – June 1, 1616) was the founder and first shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868."
}
] |
Tokugawa Ieyasu was prehumously enshrined in Okazaki Castle.
| 2 | 4 |
Tokugawa Ieyasu
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions."
}
] |
vSJxOFXGglQep8hrV1NB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "The noble gases show extremely low chemical reactivity; consequently, only a few hundred noble gas compounds have been formed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and the radioactive radon (Rn)."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "These compounds have found use in the study of the structure and reactivity of fullerenes by means of the nuclear magnetic resonance of the noble gas atom."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Noble gas is translated from the German noun Edelgas, first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Learning from these experiments, Danish physicist Niels Bohr proposed in 1913 that the electrons in atoms are arranged in shells surrounding the nucleus, and that for all noble gases except helium the outermost shell always contains eight electrons."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "Ne < He Ne < He < Ar < Kr < Xe < Rn < ~Og."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The name makes an analogy to the term \"noble metals\", which also have low reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": "Noble gases are commonly used in lighting because of their lack of chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Chemical properties | Compounds",
"text": "The reactivity follows the order"
},
{
"section_header": "Physical and atomic properties",
"text": "Noble gases have the largest ionization potential among the elements of each period, which reflects the stability of their electron configuration and is related to their relative lack of chemical reactivity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Noble gases are typically highly unreactive except when under particular extreme conditions."
}
] |
Noble gas are always reactive.
| 2 | 3 |
Noble gas
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The I symbol was used by André-Marie Ampère, after whom the unit of electric current is named, in formulating Ampère's force law (1820)."
}
] |
vTFfvacoULEYvGML9fvO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The conventional symbol for current is I, which originates from the French phrase intensité du courant, (current intensity)."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The I symbol was used by André-Marie Ampère, after whom the unit of electric current is named, in formulating Ampère's force law (1820)."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "Current intensity is often referred to simply as current."
},
{
"section_header": "Symbol",
"text": "The notation travelled from France to Great Britain, where it became standard, although at least one journal did not change from using C to I until 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Current density and Ohm's law",
"text": "In SI units, current density (symbol: j) is expressed in the SI base units of amperes per square metre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ampere (symbol: A) is an SI base unit Electric current is measured using a device called an ammeter."
},
{
"section_header": "Resistive heating",
"text": "The SI unit of energy was subsequently named the joule and given the symbol J. The commonly known SI unit of power, the watt (symbol: W), is equivalent to one joule per second."
},
{
"section_header": "Alternating and direct current",
"text": "An old name for direct current was galvanic current."
},
{
"section_header": "Current measurement",
"text": "Current can also be measured without breaking the circuit by detecting the magnetic field associated with the current."
},
{
"section_header": "Current measurement",
"text": "Current can be measured using an ammeter."
}
] |
The symbol for current comes from a phrase in French.
| 1 | 4 |
Electric current
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herb was the youngest of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania."
}
] |
vTQXpZssJmzS1sCAXMBc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "He also grew flowers and vegetables on his farm."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Pennock was born on February 10, 1894, in Kennett Square, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herb was the youngest of four children."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Pennock was honored with \"Herb Pennock Day\" on April 30, 1944, in Kennett Square."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "Accusations of Pennock's alleged racism have come into question upon the 2016 release of the book Herb Pennock: Baseball's Faultless Pitcher written by Keith Craig."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Pennock's 277 innings pitched and 1.220 walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP) ratio led the AL in the 1925 season, while his 2.96 ERA was second-best, behind Stan Coveleski."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "His five shutouts and 0.085 home runs per nine innings pitched led the AL."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He led the AL in walks per nine innings pitched in 1930 (1.151) and 1931 (1.426)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "In the 1914 season, Pennock posted an 11–4 win–loss record with a 2.79 earned run average (ERA) in 151⅔ innings pitched for the Athletics, and pitched three scoreless innings in the 1914 World Series, which the Athletics lost to the Boston Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | New York Yankees",
"text": "He again led the AL in WHIP (1.265), and issued the fewest walks per nine innings pitched (1.453)."
}
] |
Herb had 3 siblings and grew up in Pennsylvania.
| 0 | 0 |
Herb Pennock
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Peru is located on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean."
}
] |
vTQqxJ4RgboCLpWIOFBh
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema",
"text": "While the Peruvian film industry has not been nearly as prolific as that of some other Latin American countries, some Peruvian movies produced enjoyed regional success."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period",
"text": "Peruvian Catholicism follows the syncretism found in many Latin American countries, in which religious native rituals have been integrated with Christian celebrations."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The country forms part of The Pacific Pumas, a political and economic grouping of countries along Latin America's Pacific coast that share common trends of positive growth, stable macroeconomic foundations, improved governance and an openness to global integration."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cinema",
"text": "Peru also produced the first animated 3-D film in Latin America, Piratas en el Callao."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Conquest and colonial period",
"text": "Peruvian bullion provided revenue for the Spanish Crown and fueled a complex trade network that extended as far as Europe and the Philippines."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 19th century",
"text": "Peru embarked on a railroad-building program that helped but also bankrupted the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Under Spanish rule, the country adopted the denomination Viceroyalty of Peru, which became Republic of Peru after independence."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Population",
"text": "With about 31.2 million inhabitants, Peru is the fourth most populous country in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence",
"text": "The economic crises, the loss of power of Spain in Europe, the war of independence in North America and native uprisings all contributed to a favorable climate to the development of emancipating ideas among the Criollo population in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Without the familiar ingredients from their home countries, immigrants modified their traditional cuisines by using ingredients available in Peru."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Peru is located on the central western coast of South America facing the Pacific Ocean."
}
] |
Peru is the biggest Latin country in Europe.
| 0 | 0 |
Peru
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell."
}
] |
vU9a8llg9Guk5We3csZd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Anucleated cells",
"text": "An anucleated cell contains no nucleus and is, therefore, incapable of dividing to produce daughter cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Anucleated cells",
"text": "Anucleated cells can also arise from flawed cell division in which one daughter lacks a nucleus and the other has two nuclei."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell",
"text": "Most eukaryotic cell types usually have a single nucleus, but some have no nuclei, while others have several."
},
{
"section_header": "Structures",
"text": "The nucleus is the largest organelle in animal cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Function",
"text": "The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression—the nucleus is, therefore, the control center of the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "He observed a \"lumen\", the nucleus, in the red blood cells of salmon."
},
{
"section_header": "Dynamics and regulation | Assembly and disassembly",
"text": "However, this disassembly of the nucleus is not a universal feature of mitosis and does not occur in all cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Multinucleated cells",
"text": "Other multinucleate cells in the human are osteoclasts a type of bone cell."
}
] |
The nucleus is the powerhouse of the cell.
| 0 | 2 |
Cell nucleus
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "Ruffing made his major league debut with the Red Sox on May 31, 1924."
}
] |
vUGNwYjPfIZErOXTxPJf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He won only nine games. Ruffing often had difficulty pitching more than five innings in a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "Ruffing made his major league debut with the Red Sox on May 31, 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He pitched without earning a decision in over 23 innings pitched, and had a 6.65 earned run average (ERA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in minor league baseball in 1923 and 1924 before making his MLB debut with the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | New York Yankees | 1930–1938",
"text": "This helped Ruffing save his arm strength for the later innings of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He saw regular playing time with the Red Sox over the next few years but had limited success."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "Someone in the Red Sox organization suggested to Ruffing that he should try to gain weight by drinking beer, which saw him grow from 185 pounds (84 kg) to 240 pounds (110 kg).During the 1930 season, Bob Quinn, the owner of the Red Sox, was in debt and afraid he would lose the team due to foreclosure."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A pitcher, he played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1924 through 1947."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, and Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "The Red Sox chose Ruffing to be their Opening Day starting pitcher for the 1929 season."
}
] |
Ruffing played for the Red Sox in 1924 and the Yankees in 1930.
| 1 | 7 |
Red Ruffing
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as \"the lottery\", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death."
}
] |
vUS0pxA23h7vl5sVVtgf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is implied in the story that the lottery is practiced to ensure the community's continued well being."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1969 film",
"text": "Larry Yust's short film The Lottery (1969), produced as part of Encyclopædia Britannica's \"Short Story Showcase\" series, was ranked by the Academic Film Archive \"as one of the two bestselling educational films ever\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Lottery\" is a short story written by Shirley Jackson, first published in the June 26, 1948, issue of The New Yorker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story has been dramatized several times and subjected to much sociological and literary analysis, and has been described as one of the most famous short stories in the history of American literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1951 radio version",
"text": "A radio adaptation by NBC was broadcast March 14, 1951, as an episode of the anthology series NBC Presents: Short Story."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical interpretations",
"text": "But it is precisely law and morality that are being undermined by the arbitrary condemnation of capital punishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1951 radio version",
"text": "Kinoy deleted certain characters, including two of the Hutchinsons' three children, and added at least one character, John Gunderson, a schoolteacher who publicly objects to the lottery being held, and at first refuses to draw."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Readers",
"text": "It had simply never occurred to me that these millions and millions of people might be so far from being uplifted that they would sit down and write me letters"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Readers",
"text": "People at first were not so much concerned with what the story meant; what they wanted to know was where these lotteries were held, and whether they could go there and watch."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical interpretations",
"text": "Helen E. Nebeker's essay \"'The Lottery': Helen E. Nebeker's essay \"'The Lottery': Symbolic Tour de Force\" in American Literature (March 1974) claims that every major name in the story has a special significance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story describes a fictional small town in contemporary America, which observes an annual rite known as \"the lottery\", in which a member of the community is selected by chance to be stoned to death."
}
] |
In the short story, The Lottery, the unlucky winner was killed by rocks being thrown at them.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lottery
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "The play opens with Argan, a severe hypochondriac, going through the bill from his apothecary (the pharmacist) item by item."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He collapsed during his fourth performance as Argan on 17 February and died soon after."
}
] |
vUWzrmqLmxq1hmYgtPMb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Argan, a severe hypochondriac."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "The play opens with Argan, a severe hypochondriac, going through the bill from his apothecary (the pharmacist) item by item."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions",
"text": "The American Conservatory Theater (San Francisco) produced \"The Imaginary Invalid\", an 'adaptation' by Constance Congdon, directed by Ron Lagomarsino, in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Audio recordings",
"text": "To date, this is the only English full-length recording of this play."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "However, they make up lies which are good enough to convince Argan the hypochondriac."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 3",
"text": "She calls him many horrible names, then asks Toinette to help her cover up his death until she can get his money."
},
{
"section_header": "Audio recordings",
"text": "An hour-long version adapted by Richard MacDonald was broadcast on the NBC radio series Great Plays on 15 December 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "the amounts all the same. The notary warns Argan that he can't leave his wife anything, but instructs him on several devious and underhanded methods whereby Béline could get all the money."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 2",
"text": "After much coaxing and Louison faking her own death, she tells him that the man claiming to be Angelique's music teacher came to her window and told her over and over how he loved her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He collapsed during his fourth performance as Argan on 17 February and died soon after."
}
] |
The Imaginary Invalid is a play about a severe hypochondriac, which is intensely ironic thanks to the author's death.
| 0 | 0 |
The Imaginary Invalid
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agamemnon's father, Atreus, murdered the sons of his twin brother Thyestes and fed them to Thyestes after discovering Thyestes' adultery with his wife Aerope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When Menelaus's wife, Helen, was taken to Troy by Paris, Agamemnon commanded the united Greek armed forces in the ensuing Trojan War."
}
] |
vUakJIFXCI9GMSEz7nFM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During this period, Agamemnon and his brother, Menelaus, took refuge with Tyndareus, King of Sparta."
},
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "Agamemnon was the commander-in-chief of the Greeks during the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "During the fighting, Agamemnon killed Antiphus and fifteen other Trojan soldiers, according to one source."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Agamemnon (Greek: Ἀγαμέμνων, Ἀgamémnōn) was a king of Mycenae, the son, or grandson, of King Atreus and Queen Aerope of Mycenae, the brother of Menelaus, the husband of Clytemnestra and the father of Iphigenia, Electra or Laodike (Λαοδίκη), Orestes and Chrysothemis."
},
{
"section_header": "Other stories",
"text": "Agamemnon is a character in William Shakespeare's play Troilus and Cressida, set during the Trojan War."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "His name in Greek, Ἀγαμέμνων, means \"very steadfast\", \"unbowed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word comes from *Ἀγαμέδμων from ἄγαν, \"very much\" and μέδομαι, \"think on\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other stories",
"text": "In works of art, there is considerable resemblance between the representations of Zeus, king of the gods, and Agamemnon, king of men."
},
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "Classical dramatizations differ on how willing either father or daughter was to this fate; some include such trickery as claiming she was to be married to Achilles, but Agamemnon did eventually sacrifice Iphigenia."
},
{
"section_header": "Trojan War",
"text": "After learning from the Prophet Calchas that the plague could be dispelled by returning Chryseis to her father, Agamemnon reluctantly agreed (but first berated Calchas for previously forcing Agamemnon to sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia) and released his prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agamemnon's father, Atreus, murdered the sons of his twin brother Thyestes and fed them to Thyestes after discovering Thyestes' adultery with his wife Aerope."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When Menelaus's wife, Helen, was taken to Troy by Paris, Agamemnon commanded the united Greek armed forces in the ensuing Trojan War."
}
] |
Agamemnon was a king during the Trojan Warsand his father was very vindictive.
| 0 | 0 |
Agamemnon
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia."
}
] |
vUkygqeCsSxPHWDE4xHE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von Bismarck, Herzog zu Lauenburg; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German: [ˈɔto fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen)), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "1815–1865: Junker Otto von Bismarck 1865–1871: His Illustrious Highness The Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen 1871–1890: His Serene Highness The Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen 1890–1898: His Serene Highness The Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of LauenburgBismarck was created Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen (\"Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen\") in 1865; this comital title is borne by all his descendants in the male line."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck, Illinois Bismarck, North Dakota, the only U.S. state capital named for a foreign statesman."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Final years and forced resignation",
"text": "Steinberg sums up: Thus ended the extraordinary public career of Otto von Bismarck, who ... had presided over the affairs of a state he made great and glorious. ... Now the humble posture that he had necessarily adopted in his written communications with his royal master had become his real posture."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "A number of localities around the world have been named in Bismarck's honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Young politician",
"text": "In a famous letter to Leopold von Gerlach, Bismarck wrote that it was foolish to play chess having first put 16 of the 64 squares out of bounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Franco-Prussian War 1870–71",
"text": "France pressured Leopold into withdrawing his candidacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Memorials",
"text": "Throughout Germany, the accolades were unending; several buildings were named in his honour, portraits of him were commissioned from artists such as Franz von Lenbach and C.W. Allers and books about him became best-sellers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck Sea Bismarck Strait, a channel in Antarctica."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck, Missouri, a city in Missouri."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the victory against Austria, he abolished the supranational German Confederation and instead formed the North German Confederation as the first German national state, aligning the smaller North German states behind Prussia."
}
] |
Otto von Bismarck birth name was Otto Leopold and ruled most of Asia.
| 0 | 0 |
Otto von Bismarck
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
}
] |
vUyQqPHDcXGxxd9vkMSv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "In 1968 he composed and conducted the score for director Harrison Engle's minimalist comedy short, Railroaded, played by the Philip Glass Ensemble."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Tape 2: Philip Glass. Produced and directed by Robert Ashley Philip Glass, from Four American Composers (1983); directed by Peter Greenaway"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Glass, Philip (1987). Music by Philip Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Philip Glass is no Vivaldi, a composer who even at his most wallpaper baroque still has something to say."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "Glass also returned to chamber music; he composed two String Quartets (No. 4 Buczak in 1989 and No. 5 in 1991), and chamber works which originated as incidental music for plays, such as Music from \"The Screens\" (1989/1990)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "While composing for symphonic ensembles, Glass also composed music for piano, with the cycle of five movements titled Metamorphosis (adapted from music for a theatrical adaptation of Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis), and for the Errol Morris film The Thin Blue Line, 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "A Composer's Notes: Philip Glass and the Making of an Opera (1985); directed by Michael Blackwood"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1967–1974: Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts",
"text": "The musical scores were tacked on the wall, and the performers had to move while playing."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Looking Glass (2005); directed by Éric Darmon Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007) ; directed by Scott Hicks"
}
] |
Philip Glass composed music and played the piano.
| 1 | 8 |
Philip Glass
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Remigius became an archbishop of Rouen."
}
] |
vV8J49MxPs30mOr78kBz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "They had the following children: Most of the children married and had issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Finally, Charles Martel also had a known mistress, Ruodhaid, with whom he had children Bernard, Hieronymus, and Remigius."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In older historiography, it was common to describe Charles as \"illegitimate\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Aquitaine and the Battle of Tours in 732",
"text": "However, it is not given prominence in Arabic sources from the period."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and historiography",
"text": "In Gibbon's The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire he wonders whether without Charles' victory, \"Perhaps the interpretation of the Koran would now be taught in the schools of Oxford\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Charles also married a second time, to Swanhild, and they had a child, Grifo."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Charles Martel married twice, his first wife being Rotrude of Treves, daughter either of Lambert II, Count of Hesbaye, or of Leudwinus, Count of Treves."
},
{
"section_header": "Interregnum",
"text": "Charles, titling himself maior domus and princeps et dux Francorum, did not appoint a new king and nobody acclaimed one."
},
{
"section_header": "Reputation and historiography",
"text": "Indeed, as Charles was the progenitor of the Carolingian line of Frankish rulers and grandfather of Charlemagne, one can even say with a degree of certainty that the subsequent history of the West would have proceeded along vastly different currents had ‘Abd al-Rahman been victorious at Tours-Poitiers in 732.\" Other recent historians however argue that the importance of the battle is dramatically overstated, both for European history in general and for Charles Martel's reign in particular."
},
{
"section_header": "Contesting for power | Civil war of 715–718 | Battle of Amblève",
"text": "According to one source, he split his forces into several groups which fell at them from many sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Family and children",
"text": "Remigius became an archbishop of Rouen."
}
] |
One of Charles Martel's illegitimate children was a prominent figure for the Roman Catholic archdiocese.
| 1 | 3 |
Charles Martel
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By the 1820s, Tammany Hall was accepting Irish immigrants as members of the group."
}
] |
vVCQ63AbFNpq5JpiBMOd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "During the 1840s, hundreds of thousands of Irish immigrants arrived in New York City to escape the Great Irish Potato Famine and Tammany"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By the 1820s, Tammany Hall was accepting Irish immigrants as members of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1854, the support which Tammany Hall received from immigrants would firmly establish the organization as the leader of New York City's political scene."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1855, 34 percent of New York City's voter population was composed of Irish immigrants, and many Irish men came to dominate Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "However, Irish immigrants became even more influential during the mid 1840s to early 1850s."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "describes Fiorello H. La Guardia's 1933 campaign for Mayor of New York City against Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "However, after protests by Irish militants in 1817, and the invasion of several of their offices, Tammany Hall realized the potential influence Irish immigrants would have in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "The society was originally developed as a club for \"pure Americans\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Political Gangs and the Forty Thieves",
"text": "A power vacuum of sorts existed through the 1840s for Tammany Hall, which became dominated with fights between political and basically street gangs fighting over turf."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tammany Hall, also known as the Society of St. Tammany, the Sons of St. Tammany, or the Columbian Order, was a New York City political organization founded in 1786 and incorporated on May 12, 1789, as the Tammany Society."
}
] |
Tammany Hall, a New York City political organization, was originally developed as group for "pure Americans" and fought against Irish immigration through the 1840s.
| 2 | 3 |
Tammany Hall
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Cost",
"text": "$9bn or £6.19bn as of June 2010), the LHC is one of the most expensive scientific instruments ever built."
}
] |
vVJir4F58n7s2vHXgERl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Cost",
"text": "With a budget of €7.5 billion (approx."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The Large Hadron Collider gained a considerable amount of attention from outside the scientific community and its progress is followed by most popular science media."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider and the largest machine in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Construction | Cost",
"text": "$9bn or £6.19bn as of June 2010), the LHC is one of the most expensive scientific instruments ever built."
},
{
"section_header": "Operational history | Long Shutdown 2 (2018–2021) and beyond",
"text": "The goal of the upgrades is to implement the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) project that will increase the luminosity by a factor of 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "Surface buildings hold ancillary equipment such as compressors, ventilation equipment, control electronics and refrigeration plants."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The episode includes actual footage from the repair facility to the inside of the collider, and explanations of the function, engineering, and purpose of the LHC.The Large Hadron Collider was the focus of the 2012 student film Decay, with the movie being filmed on location in CERN's maintenance tunnels."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety of particle collisions",
"text": "The experiments at the Large Hadron Collider sparked fears that the particle collisions might produce doomsday phenomena, involving the production of stable microscopic black holes or the creation of hypothetical particles called strangelets."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "CERN employee Katherine McAlpine's \"Large Hadron Rap\" surpassed 7 million YouTube views."
},
{
"section_header": "Planned \"high-luminosity\" upgrade",
"text": "In addition to a possible increase to 14 TeV collision energy, a luminosity upgrade of the LHC, called the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, started in June 2018 that will boost the accelerator's potential for new discoveries in physics, starting in 2027."
}
] |
The Large Hadron Collider is one of the costliest scientific pieces of equipment ever created, with a budget of $9 billion dollars.
| 1 | 2 |
Large Hadron Collider
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "His big screen debut came the next year, with the Danny DeVito feature Renaissance Man."
}
] |
vVeiwdsUnJYR76A7vS4U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wahlberg transitioned from music to acting, with his screen debut in Renaissance Man (1994) and his first starring role in Fear (1996)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Music",
"text": "Many of these tracks featured on the film Renaissance Man, starring Wahlberg and Danny Devito."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "His big screen debut came the next year, with the Danny DeVito feature Renaissance Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "The film received commercial success and mostly positive reviews, and Wahlberg's performance was highly praised."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "He had his first starring role in James Foley's thriller film Fear."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Film",
"text": "which is his first voice acting role."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Wahlberg's father Donald was an Army veteran of the Korean War, and he died on February 14, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He added that \"there would have been a lot of blood in that first-class cabin"
},
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "Wahlberg's attorney claimed that Wahlberg and McCall, who is black, were provoked after McCall was called a racial slur by Crehan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legal issues",
"text": "Wahlberg attacked a second Vietnamese man later the same day, punching him in the eye."
}
] |
Wahlberg's first film was Renaissance Man.
| 0 | 0 |
Mark Wahlberg
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "In 356 BC, the temple was destroyed in a vainglorious act of arson by a man, Herostratus, who set fire to the wooden roof-beams, seeking fame at any cost; thus the term herostratic fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was completely rebuilt twice, once after a devastating flood and three hundred years later after an act of arson, and in its final form was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World."
}
] |
vVo9C7kG38wxi5pSUnxO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Third phase",
"text": "This reconstruction survived for 600 years, and appears multiple times in early Christian accounts of Ephesus."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "The traditional interpretation of the oval objects covering the upper part of the Ephesian Artemis is that they represent multiple breasts, symbolizing her fertility."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "Nevertheless, later Greeks and Romans identified her with both Artemis and Diana, and there was a tradition in ancient Rome that identified her with the goddess Isis as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase",
"text": "It was 115 m (377 ft) long and 46 m (151 ft) wide, supposedly the first Greek temple built of marble."
},
{
"section_header": "Third phase",
"text": "There they laid waste many populous cities and set fire to the renowned temple of Diana at Ephesus,\" reported Jordanes in Getica."
},
{
"section_header": "Second phase | Destruction",
"text": "In 356 BC, the temple was destroyed in a vainglorious act of arson by a man, Herostratus, who set fire to the wooden roof-beams, seeking fame at any cost; thus the term herostratic fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Cult and influence",
"text": "It was part of a definitively Greek political and cultural identity, essential to the economic life of the region, and an excellent opportunity for young, unmarried Greeks of both sexes to seek out marriage partners."
},
{
"section_header": "Third phase",
"text": "In 268 AD, the temple was destroyed or damaged in a raid by the Goths, an East Germanic tribe; in the time of emperor Gallienus: \"Respa, Veduc and Thuruar, leaders of the Goths, took ship and sailed across the strait of the Hellespont to Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Location and history",
"text": "Re-excavations in 1987–88 confirmed that the site was occupied as early as the Bronze Age, with a sequence of pottery finds that extend forward to Middle Geometric times, when a peripteral temple with a floor of hard-packed clay was constructed in the second half of the 8th century BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Ephesian Artemis",
"text": "Lynn LiDonnici observes that modern scholars are likely to be more concerned with origins of the Lady of Ephesus and her iconology than her adherents were at any point in time, and are prone to creating a synthetic account of the Lady of Ephesus by drawing together documentation that ranges over more than a millennium in its origins, creating a falsified, unitary picture, as of an unchanging icon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was completely rebuilt twice, once after a devastating flood and three hundred years later after an act of arson, and in its final form was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World."
}
] |
The Temple of Artemis has been built multiple times because of both water and fire.
| 2 | 3 |
Temple of Artemis
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The nucleus was the first organelle to be discovered."
}
] |
vVxvZg5aUqDLU6DxT8Pb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structures | Other nuclear bodies | Paraspeckles",
"text": "First documented in HeLa cells, where there are generally 10–30 per nucleus, paraspeckles are now known to also exist in all human primary cells, transformed cell lines, and tissue sections."
},
{
"section_header": "Structures | Other nuclear bodies | Fougaro System",
"text": "The molecules or peptides are ubiquitinated before being released from the nucleus of the cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution",
"text": "A similar proposal states that a eukaryote-like cell, the chronocyte, evolved first and phagocytosed archaea and bacteria to generate the nucleus and the eukaryotic cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Cell compartmentalization",
"text": "In order to control which genes are being transcribed, the cell separates some transcription factor proteins responsible for regulating gene expression from physical access to the DNA until they are activated by other signaling pathways."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Anucleated cells",
"text": "An anucleated cell contains no nucleus and is, therefore, incapable of dividing to produce daughter cells."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The nucleus was the first organelle to be discovered."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This was the first time it was suggested that an individual develops from a (single) nucleated cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell | Anucleated cells",
"text": "Anucleated cells can also arise from flawed cell division in which one daughter lacks a nucleus and the other has two nuclei."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Cell compartmentalization",
"text": "Eukaryotic mRNA contains introns that must be removed before being translated to produce functional proteins."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclei per cell",
"text": "Most eukaryotic cell types usually have a single nucleus, but some have no nuclei, while others have several."
}
] |
The cell nucleus was the first cell structure to be scientifically documented.
| 0 | 1 |
Cell nucleus
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Exit (French: Huis Clos, pronounced [ɥi klo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Three damned souls, Joseph Garcin, Inèz Serrano, and Estelle Rigault, are brought to the same room in Hell and locked inside by a mysterious valet."
}
] |
vWRsdb7TD5Y7afiDi9Xg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play begins with three characters who find themselves waiting in a mysterious room."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "No Exit (French: Huis Clos, pronounced [ɥi klo]) is a 1944 existentialist French play by Jean-Paul Sartre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Three damned souls, Joseph Garcin, Inèz Serrano, and Estelle Rigault, are brought to the same room in Hell and locked inside by a mysterious valet."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "No Exit (1962), directed by Tad Danielewski"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "vainly wants to find a mirror to check on her appearance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a depiction of the afterlife in which three deceased characters are punished by being locked into a room together for eternity."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Indeed, Inèz seems to be the only character who understands the power of opinion, manipulating Estelle's and Garcin's opinions of themselves and of each other throughout the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Parodies",
"text": "The Good Place, which involves a demon trying to design a novel type of hell in which the inhabitants create one another's torments, to Sartre's play."
},
{
"section_header": "Title translations",
"text": "In Camera, No Way Out, Vicious Circle, Behind Closed Doors, and Dead End."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Throughout the play she tries to get at Garcin, seeking to define herself as a woman in relation to a man."
}
] |
No Exit is a play about three characters who find out they are in Hell.
| 0 | 0 |
No Exit
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Retired millionaire Benjamin Dingle arrives in Washington, D.C. as an adviser on the housing shortage and finds that his hotel suite will not be available for two days."
}
] |
vWjClG7zETxZDVs8Qgzt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The More the Merrier was finally approved as the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The couple follow his advice and wed after flying to South Carolina, where a license can be more quickly obtained than in DC."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Working under a special three-film contract with Columbia Studios, George Stevens completed the last of directorial duties with The More the Merrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bosley Crowther of The New York Times enjoyed The More the Merrier, calling the film \"as warm and refreshing a ray of sunshine as we've had in a very late spring\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The More the Merrier is a 1943 American comedy film made by Columbia Pictures which makes fun of the housing shortage during World War II, especially in Washington,"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dingle takes full blame for the incident."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Taking a taxi home, they discuss what to do to avoid a scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Then Dingle runs into Sergeant Joe Carter, who has no place to stay while he waits to be shipped overseas."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Joe takes Connie home. The two talk about their romantic pasts and even kiss."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "With the original working title, Merry-Go-Round, principal photography took place for the film, from September 11 to December 19, 1942, with additional \"inserts\" filmed in late January 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Retired millionaire Benjamin Dingle arrives in Washington, D.C. as an adviser on the housing shortage and finds that his hotel suite will not be available for two days."
}
] |
The More the Merrier takes place in Washingon DC.
| 0 | 0 |
The More the Merrier
|
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