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History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "Atahualpa was sentenced to death by burning at the stake."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "He was horrified, since the Inca believed that the soul would not be able to go on to the afterlife if the body were burned."
}
] |
w8maAiZ2z7Wfj5quZCgu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "Atahualpa was sentenced to death by burning at the stake."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "He was horrified, since the Inca believed that the soul would not be able to go on to the afterlife if the body were burned."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "Friar Vincente de Valverde, who had earlier offered his breviary to Atahualpa, intervened, telling Atahualpa that, if he agreed to convert to Catholicism, the friar could convince Pizarro to commute the sentence."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "His clothes and some of his skin were burned, and his remains were given a Christian burial."
},
{
"section_header": "Prison and execution",
"text": "After several months in fear of an imminent attack from general Rumiñahui, the outnumbered Spanish considered Atahualpa to be too much of a liability and decided to execute him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Inca Civil War began in 1529 when Huáscar declared war on Atahualpa, for fear that he would try to carry out a coup d'état against him."
},
{
"section_header": "Inca Civil War",
"text": "A tense five-year peace ensued, Huáscar took advantage of that time to get the support of the Cañari, a powerful ethnic group that dominated extensive territories of the north of the empire and maintained grudges against Atahualpa, who had fought them during his father's campaigns."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui married her uncle Hernando Pizarro in Spain, on 10 October 1537—they had a son, Francisco Pizarro y Pizarro."
},
{
"section_header": "Spanish conquest",
"text": "Pizarro brought with him 169 men and 69 horses."
},
{
"section_header": "Spanish conquest",
"text": "These were led by Francisco Pizarro's brother, Hernando Pizarro."
}
] |
Francison Pizarro feared by his sentence of burning at the stake would prevent soul from finding peace.
| 0 | 4 |
Atahualpa
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "was Christie's first published novel."
}
] |
w9AFerpqCj5pgw5A8Ns0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Impact on Christie's career",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles launched Christie's writing career."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a detective novel by British writer Agatha Christie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "was Christie's first published novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles later made publishing history by being one of the first ten books to be published by Penguin Books when they were launched on 30 July 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "In general The Mysterious Affair at Styles is a considerable achievement for a first-off author."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and original publication",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published by John Lane in the United States in October 1920 and by The Bodley Head in the United Kingdom on 21 January 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Mysterious Affair at Styles was adapted as an episode for the series Agatha Christie's Poirot on 16 September 1990; the episode was specially made by ITV to celebrate the centenary of the author's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "In the \"Binge!\" article of Entertainment Weekly Issue #1343-44 (26 December 2014–3 January 2015), the writers picked The Mysterious Affair at Styles as an \"EW favorite\" on the list of the \"Nine Great Christie Novels\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and original publication",
"text": "Christie had not mastered cleverness in her first novel, as \"too many clues tend to cancel each other out\"; this was judged a difficulty \"which Conan Doyle never satisfactorily overcame, but which Christie would.\" Agatha Christie began working on The Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1916, writing most of it on Dartmoor."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception | Impact on Christie's career",
"text": "Decades later, when Christie told the story of Poirot's final case in Curtain, she set that novel at Styles."
}
] |
The Mysterious Affair at Styles was Christie's 2nd successful published novel.
| 2 | 2 |
The Mysterious Affair at Styles
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was later retitled \"The Landlord's Tale\" in the collection Tales of a Wayside Inn."
}
] |
w9WIVlNUM0PAx6gvBUDo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "When the poem was written in 1860, America was on the verge of Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Paul Revere's Ride\" (1860) is a poem by American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that commemorates the actions of American patriot Paul Revere on April 18, 1775, although with significant inaccuracies."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "My name was Dawes and his Revere."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "Longfellow was inspired to write the poem after visiting the Old North Church and climbing its tower on April 5, 1860."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Tis all very well for the children to hear Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere; But why should my name be quite forgot,"
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Other historians have since stressed Revere's importance, including David Hackett Fischer in his book Paul Revere's Ride (1995), a scholarly study of Revere's role in the opening of the Revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical impact",
"text": "Revere's legendary status continued for decades and, in part due to Longfellow's poem, authentic silverware made by Revere commanded high prices."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "His maternal grandfather, Peleg Wadsworth, was Revere's commander on the Penobscot Expedition."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response | Modern",
"text": "The majority of criticism, however, notes that Longfellow gave sole credit to Revere for the collective achievements of three riders (as well as other riders, whose names do not survive to history)."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Though he admitted the book made little impact, it was written for his best friend, Charles Sumner, an activist abolitionist politician with whom he would continue to share common cause on the issues of slavery and the Union. \" Paul Revere's Ride\" was published in the January 1861, issue of The Atlantic magazine on December 20, 1860, just as South Carolina became the first state to secede from the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was later retitled \"The Landlord's Tale\" in the collection Tales of a Wayside Inn."
}
] |
The 1860 poem "Paul Revere's Ride" has multiple names.
| 0 | 0 |
Paul Revere's Ride
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He gestured with his fist at a reporter when he was in court on charges of reckless driving."
}
] |
wACEdPRXLuPHzWAvqgnK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He played 63 games that year for the Class D High Point-Thomasville Hi-Toms, where he hit 17 home runs and earned a .363 batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Boston, Milwaukee, and Atlanta Braves",
"text": "In the World Series, Mathews hit a game-winning home run in the tenth inning of game four."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Mathews was born in Texarkana, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Coaching and managing",
"text": "Evans said that Mathews was a friend and Aaron said that the decision was \"a blow to me.\" Mathews said that the Braves indicated that there would be a job for him within the organization, but he said he was not sure what he would do next."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Mathews was signed by the Boston Braves in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Boston, Milwaukee, and Atlanta Braves",
"text": "This lad has one of them. \" Mathews was a powerful pull hitter, and for many years of his career teams would implement the \"Mathews shift\" when he came to bat."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Boston, Milwaukee, and Atlanta Braves",
"text": "Mathews delighted in occasionally punching the ball through that hole."
},
{
"section_header": "MLB career | Houston Astros and Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Mathews was traded to the Houston Astros before the 1967 season."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Mathews was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "In 1978, Mathews was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "He gestured with his fist at a reporter when he was in court on charges of reckless driving."
}
] |
When Mathews was in front of a judge because of his failure to render payment to his ex-wife for the rearing their offspring, he threatened with a body movement a writer from a newspaper.
| 0 | 0 |
Eddie Mathews
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnny Lee Bench (born December 7, 1947) is an American former professional baseball player."
}
] |
wAEBduKhW5lBqZPZMvks
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "ESPN has called him the greatest catcher in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johnny Lee Bench (born December 7, 1947) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "On September 17, 2011, the Cincinnati Reds unveiled a statue of Bench at the entrance way of the Reds Hall of Fame at Great American Ball Park."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1989."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "In 1999, Bench ranked Number 16 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1986, Bench was inducted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "Bench was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, in 1989 alongside Carl Yastrzemski."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "Williams signed a baseball for him and predicted that the young catcher would be \" Hall of Famer for sure!"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and post-career activities",
"text": "He is currently on the board of directors for the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | 1960s",
"text": "Maloney nevertheless insisted on repeatedly \"shaking off\" his younger catcher by throwing fastballs instead of the breaking balls that Bench had called for."
}
] |
American baseball player Johnny Bench has been called the greatest catcher and is in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
| 0 | 0 |
Johnny Bench
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Tbilisi, the multicultural capital of Georgia, Khachaturian moved to Moscow in 1921 following the Sovietization of the Caucasus."
}
] |
wAIvhl39sbO0bE5JoO2c
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "In a 1952 article \" My Idea of the Folk Element in Music\", Khachaturian described the city environment and its influence on his career: I grew up in an atmosphere rich in folk music: popular festivities, rites, joyous and sad events in the life of the people always accompanied by music, the vivid tunes of Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian songs and dances performed by folk bards [ashugs] and musicians —"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "Streets in Yerevan, Tbilisi, Moscow (ru), Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) and Simferopol (Crimea) are named after Khachaturian."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Tbilisi, the multicultural capital of Georgia, Khachaturian moved to Moscow in 1921 following the Sovietization of the Caucasus."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "The House-Museum of Aram Khachaturian in Yerevan was inaugurated in 1982.Music schools are named after Khachaturian in Tbilisi, Moscow (established in 1967, named after him in 1996),"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "Aram Khachaturian was born on 6 June (24 May in Old Style) 1903 in the city of Tiflis (present-day Tbilisi, Georgia) into an Armenian family."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Influences | Russian classical music",
"text": "\"Never dissociating himself from the traditions of Russian music, he came to be regarded in Moscow as a mouthpiece of the entire Soviet Orient, gathering up all the diverse traditions into a grand generalization,\" concludes Marina Frolova-Walker."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "In the 19th and early 20th centuries and throughout the early Soviet period, Tiflis (known as Tbilisi after 1936) was the largest city and the administrative center of the Caucasus."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Works | Ballets",
"text": "Khachaturian is best known internationally for his ballet music."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Posthumous honors and tribute",
"text": "In 2004, TV Kultura, Russia's government-owned art channel, made a documentary on Khachaturian entitled Century of Aram Khachaturian (Век Арама Хачатуряна).In 1993"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Background and early life (1903–21)",
"text": "In Tiflis, which has historically been multicultural, Khachaturian was exposed to various cultures."
}
] |
Khachaturian grew up in Tbilisi.
| 1 | 2 |
Aram Khachaturian
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "They had married in 1914. They had married in 1914. Clift had a twin sister, Ethel, who survived him by 48 years, and a brother, William Brooks Clift, Jr. (1919–1986), who had an illegitimate son with actress Kim Stanley and was later married to political reporter Eleanor Clift."
}
] |
wAK6XIa89rihFUgEJiKw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Edward Montgomery Clift was born on October 17, 1920, in Omaha, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "They had married in 1914. They had married in 1914. Clift had a twin sister, Ethel, who survived him by 48 years, and a brother, William Brooks Clift, Jr. (1919–1986), who had an illegitimate son with actress Kim Stanley and was later married to political reporter Eleanor Clift."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "Clift was notoriously picky with his projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clift had Dutch, English, and Scottish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "At the age of 25, Clift moved to Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "James asked Clift if he needed anything, and Clift politely refused and then told James that he would stay up for a while, either to read a book or watch some television."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clift, however, could not adjust to school, and never went to college."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "Clift was unhappy with the quality of the script, and reworked it himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Rise to stardom",
"text": "Clift was unhappy with the script, and unable to get along with most of the cast."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "This was the last time Montgomery Clift spoke to anyone."
}
] |
Clift was born a twin.
| 1 | 5 |
Montgomery Clift
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Future",
"text": "In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the Toy Story films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels."
}
] |
wAPbhLvZLqnmOnOa8b3A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "-provoking, Finding Dory delivers a beautifully animated adventure that adds another entertaining chapter to its predecessor's classic story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "I started to think about how easily Dory could get lost and not find Marlin and Nemo again."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "It added an additional 43 theaters in its second weekend, after which it added another £3.98 million ($5.1 million) at the weekend, thereby passing the £20 million mark in just 10 days (among Pixar films, only Toy Story 3 reached £20 million faster)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "\" Stanton additionally stated: \"I knew if I ever said Finding Dory or mentioned a sequel to Finding Nemo out loud, I'd be done, [T]here would be no way I'd be able to put that horse back in the barn."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Prior to work on Finding Dory, Disney had planned to make a Finding Nemo sequel without Pixar's involvement, through Circle 7 Animation, a studio Disney announced in 2005 with the intention to make sequels to Pixar properties."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Outside North America",
"text": "However, if previews are excluded, Finding Dory is ahead."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In a flashback (from Finding Nemo), she joins Marlin – a clownfish looking for his missing son Nemo – after accidentally swimming into him."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "As with its predecessor Finding Nemo, the studio expanded the theater count for the film during the Labor Day weekend from 345 theaters to 2,075 theaters, an addition of 1,730 theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Finding Dory was released on 4K Blu-ray on September 10, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Environmental controversies and issues",
"text": "\" Writing for the Los Angeles Times, Kenneth Turan said that, \"As the 13-year gap between \"Nemo\" and \"Dory\" indicates, this was not a concept that cried out to be made.\" Conservationists warned that, very much like Finding Nemo, the film could lead to uninformed customers buying regal blue tang fish, Dory’s species, for home aquariums."
},
{
"section_header": "Future",
"text": "In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the Toy Story films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels."
}
] |
The idea of yet another film adding to this 'series' of Finding Nemo and Finding Dory was hinted at by the director.
| 0 | 2 |
Finding Dory
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, was an attorney, similar to Atticus Finch, and in 1919, he defended two black men accused of murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Nevertheless, several people and events from Lee's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout."
}
] |
wAyxn9xzKHIHLKGbJVax
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Honors",
"text": "In his remarks, Bush stated, \"One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Lee said that To Kill a Mockingbird is not an autobiography, but rather an example of how an author \"should write about what he knows and write truthfully\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Atticus Finch and the legal profession",
"text": "One of the most significant impacts To Kill a Mockingbird has had is Atticus Finch's model of integrity for the legal profession."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical background and publication",
"text": "but Lee renamed it To Kill a Mockingbird to reflect that the story went beyond a character portrait."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book \"an astonishing phenomenon\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Go Set a Watchman",
"text": "Watchman contains early versions of many of the characters from To Kill a Mockingbird."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Social commentary and challenges",
"text": "Alabama author Mark Childress compares it to the impact of Uncle Tom's Cabin, a book that is popularly implicated in starting the U.S. Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"One year after its publication To Kill a Mockingbird had been translated into ten languages."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Lee's father, Amasa Coleman Lee, was an attorney, similar to Atticus Finch, and in 1919, he defended two black men accused of murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Nevertheless, several people and events from Lee's childhood parallel those of the fictional Scout."
}
] |
The character of Atticus in To Kill a Mockingbird was based on the real-life uncle of the author Harper Lee.
| 5 | 7 |
To Kill a Mockingbird
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Lee \"Sparky\" Anderson (February 22, 1934 – November 4, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) player, coach, and manager."
}
] |
wB61rppgwCbva9ciV9Su
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Anderson retired from managing on October 2, 1995, reportedly disillusioned with the state of the league following the 1994 strike that had also delayed the start of the 1995 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Lee \"Sparky\" Anderson (February 22, 1934 – November 4, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) player, coach, and manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Minor leagues",
"text": "It was during the 1966 season that Anderson's club lost to Miami 4–3 in 29 innings, which remains the longest pro game played (by innings) without interruption."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "It is widely believed that Anderson was pushed into retirement by the Tigers, who were unhappy that Anderson refused to manage replacement players during spring training in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "The next day, American League President Lee MacPhail largely upheld Anderson's argument and forfeited the second game to the Tigers, 9–0."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "He was survived by his wife of 57 years, Carol, sons Lee and Albert, daughter Shirlee Engelbrecht, and eight grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Honors",
"text": "On June 17, 2006, Anderson's number was retired by the Fort Worth Cats, for whom Anderson had played in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Anderson spent the largest portion of his career managing the Tigers (1970–78 with the Reds, 1979–95 with the Tigers), winning the World Series twice with Cincinnati and once with Detroit."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "In an interview on Detroit's WJR radio after his retirement, Anderson said he had told his wife that season, \"If this is what the game has become, it don't need me no more.\" He finished with a lifetime record of 2,194–1,834, for a .545 percentage and the third-most wins for a Major League manager at the time (behind only Connie Mack and John McGraw)."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement | Honors",
"text": "Throughout the 2011 season the Tigers honored Anderson with a patch on their right sleeves."
}
] |
George Lee "Spanky" Anderson retired from the Tigers after a strike in 1994.
| 0 | 0 |
Sparky Anderson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "He would sometimes amuse the children of his congregation on his lute and was so well known for his playing that his enemies mocked him as \"the evangelical lute-player and fifer\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Although Zwingli did not express an opinion on congregational singing, he made no effort to encourage it."
}
] |
wBIEqBiLP4iEbDyc8FL7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | First rifts (1522–1524)",
"text": "The city council condemned the fasting violation, but assumed responsibility over ecclesiastical matters and requested the religious authorities clarify the issue."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Zürich disputations (1523) | Second Disputation",
"text": "Zwingli again took the lead in the disputation."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The religious factions of Zwingli's time debated vociferously the merits of sending young Swiss men to fight in foreign wars mainly for the enrichment of the cantonal authorities."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Reformation progresses in Zürich (1524–1525)",
"text": "Zwingli wrote an official response for the council and the result was the severance of all ties between the city and the diocese."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zwingli formed an alliance of Reformed cantons which divided the Confederation along religious lines."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Conflict with the Anabaptists (1525–1527)",
"text": "Zwingli secretly conferred with Grebel's group and late in 1524, the council called for official discussions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Outside of Switzerland, no church counts Zwingli as its founder."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years (1484–1518)",
"text": "As a young priest he had studied little theology, but this was not considered unusual at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First Kappel War (1529)",
"text": "The delegation called on Zürich to settle the matter peacefully."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "B. Eerdmans, ISBN 0 B. Eerdmans, ISBN 0 -8028-0050-5. Furcha, E. J., ed. (1985), Huldrych Zwingli, 1484–1531: A Legacy of Radical Reform: Papers from the 1984 International Zwingli Symposium McGill University, Montreal: Faculty of Religious Studies, McGill University, ISBN 0"
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "He would sometimes amuse the children of his congregation on his lute and was so well known for his playing that his enemies mocked him as \"the evangelical lute-player and fifer\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Although Zwingli did not express an opinion on congregational singing, he made no effort to encourage it."
}
] |
Huldrych Zwingli liked to occupy the young people of his church by leading them in call and response religious songs.
| 0 | 0 |
Huldrych Zwingli
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died in California in 1989."
}
] |
wBqkeDzlTfNAR7jX7cp4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Gomez holds the record for the most innings pitched in a single All-Star game (six, in 1934)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The New York Yankees purchased Gomez from the Seals for an estimated $39,000.A memorial plaque dedicated to Lefty Gomez at the Lefty Gomez Field in Rodeo along with a cement impression of his left hand dated 11/22/1932 can be seen at 470 Parker Ave, Rodeo, CA 94572."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Vernon Louis \"Lefty\" Gomez (November 26, 1908 – February 17, 1989) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "before pulling a shoulder muscle in the fifth inning and retiring from baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "The Committee noted that Lefty pitched in seven World Series games with no losses and five wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Among pitchers who made their MLB debuts from 1900 to 1950, only Lefty Grove, Christy Mathewson and Whitey Ford have both more victories and a higher winning percentage than Gomez."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He had a 189–102 career record with 1,468 strikeouts and a 3.34 ERA in 2,503 innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also set a World Series record by receiving two walks in the same inning on October 6, 1937.Nicknamed \"El Goofo\" and \"Goofy Gomez\", he was known for his sense of humor, even on the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "During that season, he was said to be a great starting pitcher, but won through the support of Johnny Murphy, who relieved him in later innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gomez was born in Rodeo, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He died in California in 1989."
}
] |
Lefty Gomez expired in Texas.
| 0 | 0 |
Lefty Gomez
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Examples | Line current",
"text": "In Europe, Africa, Australia, Southern South America, most of Asia, and Russia, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 50 Hz (close to the tone G), whereas in North America and Northern South America, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 60 Hz (between the tones B♭ and B; that is, a minor third above the European frequency)."
}
] |
wBzyaXokZAv4dRIUrC9q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "Even higher-frequency waves are called X-rays, and higher still are gamma rays."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Line current",
"text": "In Europe, Africa, Australia, Southern South America, most of Asia, and Russia, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 50 Hz (close to the tone G), whereas in North America and Northern South America, the frequency of the alternating current in household electrical outlets is 60 Hz (between the tones B♭ and B; that is, a minor third above the European frequency)."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Frequency counter",
"text": "Higher frequencies are usually measured with a frequency counter."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Heterodyne methods",
"text": "To reach higher frequencies, several stages of heterodyning can be used."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Light",
"text": "it is called a radio wave. Likewise, an electromagnetic wave can have a frequency higher than 8×1014 Hz, but it will be invisible to the human eye; such waves are called ultraviolet (UV) radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "Angular frequency (in radians) is larger than regular frequency (in Hz) by a factor of 2π."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "Spatial frequency is analogous to temporal frequency, but the time axis is replaced by one or more spatial displacement axes."
},
{
"section_header": "Related types of frequency",
"text": "k {\\displaystyle {\\frac {\\mathrm {d} \\theta }{\\mathrm {d} x}}=k} Wavenumber, k, is the spatial frequency analogue of angular temporal frequency and is measured in radians per meter."
},
{
"section_header": "Period versus frequency",
"text": "Short and fast waves, like audio and radio, are usually described by their frequency instead of period."
},
{
"section_header": "Measurement | Frequency counter",
"text": "As of 2018, frequency counters can cover the range up to about 100 GHz."
}
] |
Houses in America have a higher Frequency than other parts of the world.
| 0 | 0 |
Frequency
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The television series The Simpsons made reference to Hooper in the episode \"Homer at the Bat\", where Mr. Burns has Hooper as playing center field for his company's all-star softball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "died at the age of 87 in Santa Cruz, California."
}
] |
wDeiSvivtPrbVeAaJzpr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He said that Hooper was the oldest living member of the Hall of Fame before his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Following his retirement from baseball, Hooper lived in Capitola and opened a real estate firm."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Hooper Beach in Capitola is named for Harry Hooper."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Harry Hooper Jr said that Hooper had died of old age."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball",
"text": "Hooper married the former Esther Henchy in 1912 and they had three children, named John, Harry Jr, and Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harry Bartholomew Hooper (August 24, 1887 – December 18, 1974) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder in the early 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Harry was the youngest child in his family of four; he had a sister named Lulu and twin brothers named George and Charlie."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago White Sox",
"text": "Since 1919, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee had been getting rid of expensive veteran players in what has been called a \"fire-sale\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Hooper was signed to a $2,800 contract with Boston."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Boston Red Sox",
"text": "The paper noted that Hooper \"does not seek the limelight."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "The television series The Simpsons made reference to Hooper in the episode \"Homer at the Bat\", where Mr. Burns has Hooper as playing center field for his company's all-star softball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "died at the age of 87 in Santa Cruz, California."
}
] |
Harry Hooper was in a cartoon and lived in Florida when he passed.
| 0 | 0 |
Harry Hooper
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Although landlocked, Uganda contains many large lakes."
}
] |
wDx2n67p25Wmp2KoxYFH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "An area in eastern Uganda is drained by the Suam River, part of the internal drainage basin of Lake Turkana."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Lake Kyoga is in the centre of the country and is surrounded by extensive marshy areas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Buganda crisis (1962–1966)",
"text": "Known as the \"lost counties\", the people in these areas wished to revert to being part of Bunyoro."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Although landlocked, Uganda contains many large lakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Besides Lakes Victoria and Kyoga, there are Lake Albert, Lake Edward, and the smaller Lake George."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-colonial Uganda",
"text": "According to oral tradition, the Empire of Kitara covered an important part of the great lakes area, from the northern lakes Albert and Kyoga to the southern lakes Victoria and Tanganyika."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "The Victoria Nile drains from Lake Victoria into Lake Kyoga and thence into Lake Albert on the Congolese border."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Much of the south of the country is heavily influenced by one of the world's biggest lakes, Lake Victoria, which contains many islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Lakes and rivers",
"text": "Most important cities are located in the south, near this lake, including the capital Kampala and the nearby city of Entebbe."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy and infrastructure | Energy",
"text": "However, oil was found in the Lake Albert area, totalling an estimated 95,000,000 m3 (3.354893339×109 cu ft) barrels of crude."
}
] |
Uganda is in an area of East-Central Africa known for its lakes.
| 1 | 2 |
Uganda
|
Science
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "The foundation's main focus is to facilitate childcare as a supplement to existing stipends and day care."
}
] |
wE9cB5LSXLk8amyO30BT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the University of Tübingen, where she studied protein-DNA interaction."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "In 2004 Nüsslein-Volhard started the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation (Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung)."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "They generated random mutations in fruit flies using EMS (ethyl methanesulfonate)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has four siblings: three sisters and one brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "These experiments are not only distinguished by their sheer scale (with the methods available at the time, they involved an enormous workload), but more importantly by their significance for organisms other than fruit flies."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "The experiments that earned Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus their Nobel prize aimed to identify genes involved in the development of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) embryos."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "Fruit flies have long been an important model organism in genetics due to their small size and quick generation time, which makes even large numbers of them relatively easy to maintain and observe in the laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "Since 1985 Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard has been Director of the Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology in Tübingen and also leads its Genetics Department."
},
{
"section_header": "Education",
"text": "Nüsslein-Volhard was educated at the University of Tübingen where she earned a PhD in 1974 for research into Protein–DNA interactions and the binding of RNA polymerase in Escherichia coli."
},
{
"section_header": "Research",
"text": "The subsequent study of these mutants and their interactions led to important new insights into early Drosophila development, especially the mechanisms that underlie the step-wise development of body segments."
},
{
"section_header": "Research | Later work",
"text": "The foundation's main focus is to facilitate childcare as a supplement to existing stipends and day care."
}
] |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung funds research on assays of fruit fly protein interactions with DNA.
| 1 | 6 |
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craig Alan Biggio (; born December 14, 1965) is an American former second baseman, outfielder and catcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career from 1988 through 2007 for the Houston Astros."
}
] |
wEW7DZP7tLj1XViszQsl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Career setbacks: Injury and the outfield",
"text": "Biggio played 1,800 games without a trip to the disabled list until August 1, 2000, when he suffered a season-ending knee injury."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Both of Biggio's sons played for the St. Thomas baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and highlights | Other distinctions",
"text": "First player in baseball history not to hit into a single double play while playing an entire 162-game season (1997) Two players, Augie Galan (1935) and Dick McAuliffe (1968), had previously played an entire season with the same feat, but did not play in as many games in their respective seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | World Series appearance (2005)",
"text": "After having played 4,714 games and their entire major league careers together in Houston, Biggio and Bagwell appeared in their first World Series in 2005 against the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craig Alan Biggio (; born December 14, 1965) is an American former second baseman, outfielder and catcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career from 1988 through 2007 for the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Emergence of the \"Killer B's\"",
"text": "The Astros acquired first baseman Jeff Bagwell prior to the start of the 1991 season, who, like Biggio, spent his entire major league career with Houston."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Although Biggio was an infielder, Seton Hall coach Mike Sheppard switched him to catcher because the team was in need of one."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Shift to second base",
"text": "Biggio made the All-Star team for the second time in 1992, becoming the first player in the history of baseball to be an All-Star at both catcher and second base."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Shift to second base",
"text": "The Astros finally convinced Biggio to convert to second base in spring training 1992, even though Biggio had made the National League All-Star team as a catcher the year before."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "Biggio was an All-American baseball player at Seton Hall, where he played with"
}
] |
Biggio played for 1 team his entire professional career.
| 2 | 2 |
Craig Biggio
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was president of the first national bank in Fresno."
}
] |
wFc0aqet6xIf8MrK7c9h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "During the baseball offseasons, Chance worked as a prizefighter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "His estate was valued at $170,000 ($2.35 million today)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "The New York Yankees negotiated for Chance's release from the Cubs after the 1912 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Retired players participated in an exhibition game in Chance's honor in 1937.The City of Hope National Medical Center"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio played in the first-ever game at Frank Chance Field."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "created the Frank L. Chance Research Fellowship Foundation in his memory."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Career summary | Overview",
"text": "Chance's lifetime record as a manager was 946–648 (.593 winning percentage); his .664 winning percentage as manager of the Cubs is the highest in franchise history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1903, Chance became the Cubs' regular first baseman, and in 1905, he succeeded Frank Selee as the team's manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frank Leroy Chance (September 9, 1877 – September 15, 1924) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Chicago Cubs",
"text": "As Bill Hanlon, the Cubs' first baseman, left the team, manager Frank Selee moved Chance to first base."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was president of the first national bank in Fresno."
}
] |
Frank Chance's dad worked in real estate.
| 0 | 0 |
Frank Chance
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók was born in the Banatian town of Nagyszentmiklós in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Sânnicolau Mare, Romania) on 25 March 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers (Gillies 2001)."
}
] |
wFclIAeCTVy8F9zOFIgd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Personal life",
"text": "Their son, Béla Bartók III, was born the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók was born in the Banatian town of Nagyszentmiklós in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Sânnicolau Mare, Romania) on 25 March 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "His anti-fascist political views caused him a great deal of trouble with the establishment in Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New inspiration and experimentation (1916–21)",
"text": "Many regions he loved were severed from Hungary: Transylvania, the Banat (where he was born), and Pozsony where his mother had lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues",
"text": "A bust and plaque located at his last residence, in New York City at 309 W. 57th Street, inscribed: \" The Great Hungarian Composer / Béla Bartók / (1881–1945) / Made His Home"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century; he and Franz Liszt are regarded as Hungary's greatest composers (Gillies 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Personal life",
"text": "Although Bartók was not conventionally religious, according to his son Béla Bartók III, \"he was a nature lover: he always mentioned the miraculous order of nature with great reverence.\" As an adult, Béla III later became lay president of the Hungarian Unitarian Church (Hughes 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Béla Viktor János Bartók (; Hungarian: Bartók Béla, pronounced [ˈbɒrtoːk ˈbeːlɒ]; 25 March 1881 – 26 September 1945) was a Hungarian composer, pianist, and ethnomusicologist."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "His elder son, by his first marriage, Béla Bartók III, remained in Hungary and later worked as a railroad official until his retirement in the early 1980s."
},
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Bartók, Béla. Bartók, Béla. 2003. Bartók Plays Bartók."
}
] |
Béla Bartók is thought to be one of the great composers and was born in Hungary.
| 3 | 5 |
Béla Bartók
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He served briefly in the Austrian Army in World War"
}
] |
wFntIaSN5HEF1e614DZW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friedrich-Max \"Fritz\" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Autobiography",
"text": "Kreisler, Fritz (1915). Four Weeks in the Trenches."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He served briefly in the Austrian Army in World War"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "They were originally ascribed to earlier composers, such as Gaetano Pugnani, Giuseppe Tartini and Antonio Vivaldi, and then, in 1935, Kreisler revealed that it was he who wrote the pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Recordings",
"text": "Vivaldi, RV Anh. 62 (composed by Kreisler) Violin Concerto in C major, with Donald Voorhees, RCA Victor Orchestra, rec."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Some of Kreisler's compositions were pastiches ostensibly in the style of other composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Work | Broadway",
"text": "May 2, 1945. Apple Blossoms (1919) – operetta – co-composer; Continental Varieties (1934) – revue – featured composer for \"Caprice Viennois\" and \"La Gitana\"; Reunion in New York (1940) – revue – featured composer for \"Stars in Your Eyes\"; Rhapsody (1944) – musical – composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "His cadenzas for the Beethoven concerto are the ones most often played by violinists today."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He spent a brief time in the army before returning to the violin in 1899, when he gave a concert with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Arthur Nikisch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like many great violinists of his generation, he produced a characteristic sound which was immediately recognizable as his own."
}
] |
Violinist and composer Fritz Kreisler was in the German army.
| 0 | 0 |
Fritz Kreisler
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early proposals in Panama",
"text": "His report was published as a book entitled The Practicability and Importance of a Ship Canal to Connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans."
}
] |
wFxoZj1BTfFu3RbFL00Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early proposals in Panama",
"text": "His report was published as a book entitled The Practicability and Importance of a Ship Canal to Connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early proposals in Panama",
"text": "Given the strategic location of Panama, and the potential of its narrow isthmus separating two great oceans, other trade links in the area were attempted over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States construction of the Panama canal, 1904–1914",
"text": "Gatun Lake would connect to the Pacific through the mountains at the Gaillard (Culebra) Cut."
},
{
"section_header": "History | United States construction of the Panama canal, 1904–1914",
"text": "After two years of extensive work, the mosquito-spread diseases were nearly eliminated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early proposals in Panama",
"text": "This route with an overland leg in Panama was soon frequently traveled, as it provided one of the fastest connections between San Francisco, California, and the East Coast cities, about 40 days' transit in total."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early proposals in Panama",
"text": "An all-water route between the oceans was still the goal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Goethals replaces Stevens as chief engineer",
"text": "This flooded the Culebra Cut, thereby joining the Atlantic and Pacific oceans via the Panama Canal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Goethals replaces Stevens as chief engineer",
"text": "Alexandre La Valley (a floating crane built by Lobnitz & Company and launched in 1887) was the first self-propelled vessel to transit the canal from ocean to ocean."
},
{
"section_header": "Canal | Layout",
"text": "Nearby is Panama City. From this harbor an entrance/exit channel leads to the Pacific Ocean (Gulf of Panama), 8¼ mi (13.2 km) from the Miraflores Locks, passing under the Bridge of the Americas."
}
] |
Panama Canal does connect two oceans.
| 0 | 0 |
Panama Canal
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Having no real bond, or at least none that either is willing to admit, they become dependent upon a fake child."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Act Three: \"The Exorcism\"",
"text": "It becomes clear to the guests that George and Martha's son is a mutually agreed-upon fiction."
}
] |
wGNFhVp9zjB05pn2dcm2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Critique of societal expectations",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Original production",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Dance interpretation",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations | Title",
"text": "And of course, who's afraid of Virginia Woolf means who's afraid of the big bad wolf . . ."
},
{
"section_header": "Inspirations | Characters",
"text": "The primary conflict between George and Martha in Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Act Three: \"The Exorcism\"",
"text": "George talks about Martha's overbearing attitude toward their son."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Having no real bond, or at least none that either is willing to admit, they become dependent upon a fake child."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Act Three: \"The Exorcism\"",
"text": "It becomes clear to the guests that George and Martha's son is a mutually agreed-upon fiction."
}
] |
In the play Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf, Martha's son exits stage left in Act III.
| 0 | 0 |
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There is still debate among scholars concerning the rebellion's influence on the Constitution and its ratification."
}
] |
wHKL3TyLGvCqkHIzezeX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon the Constitution",
"text": "He was one of the few convention delegates who refused to sign the new constitution, although his reasons for doing so did not stem from the rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The widely held view was that the Articles of Confederation needed to be reformed as the country's governing document, and the events of the rebellion served as a catalyst for the Constitutional Convention and the creation of the new government."
},
{
"section_header": "Shutting down the courts",
"text": "These measures were followed by one prohibiting speech critical of the government and offering pardons to protestors willing to take an oath of allegiance."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon ratification",
"text": "The protests escalated and Washington led federal and state militia to put down what is now known as the Whiskey Rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon the Constitutional Convention",
"text": "Some states delayed choosing delegates to the proposed convention, including Massachusetts, in part because it resembled the \"extra-legal\" conventions organized by the protestors before the rebellion became violent."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon ratification",
"text": "Robert Feer notes that major Federalist pamphleteers rarely mentioned it, and that some anti-Federalists used the fact that Massachusetts survived the rebellion as evidence that a new constitution was unnecessary."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon the Constitutional Convention",
"text": "Historian Robert Feer notes that several prominent figures had hoped that the convention would fail, requiring a larger-scale convention, and French diplomat Louis-Guillaume Otto thought that the convention was intentionally broken off early to achieve this end."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon ratification",
"text": "The state ratified the constitution by a vote of 187 to 168.Historians are divided on the impact the rebellion had on the ratification debates."
},
{
"section_header": "Rebellion",
"text": "Their first major target was the federal armory in Springfield."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact on the Constitution | Influence upon the Constitutional Convention",
"text": "At the time of the rebellion, the weaknesses of the federal government as constituted under the Articles of Confederation were apparent to many."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There is still debate among scholars concerning the rebellion's influence on the Constitution and its ratification."
}
] |
Shays' Rebellion is known to have a major impact on the Constitutional Convention and the changes to the document that followed.
| 0 | 2 |
Shays' Rebellion
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gehrig was renowned for his prowess as a hitter and for his durability, which earned him his nickname \"The Iron Horse."
}
] |
wHcmhnnKcC0gKnr6zGtU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 2,130 consecutive games",
"text": "During the streak sportswriters in 1931 nicknamed Gehrig \"the Iron Horse\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gehrig was renowned for his prowess as a hitter and for his durability, which earned him his nickname \"The Iron Horse."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig was nicknamed "The Iron Horse".
| 2 | 6 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | First compositions and Les Six",
"text": "Poulenc made his début as a composer in 1917 with his Rapsodie nègre, a ten-minute, five-movement piece for baritone and chamber group; it was dedicated to Satie and premiered at one of a series of concerts of new music run by the singer Jane Bathori."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (French: [fʁɑ̃sis ʒɑ̃ maʁsɛl pulɛ̃k]; 7 January 1899 – 30 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist."
}
] |
wI7USwZnp87V6AxSXhh9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | First compositions and Les Six",
"text": "Four of Poulenc's early works were premiered at the Salle Huyghens in the Montparnasse area, where between 1917 and 1920"
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First compositions and Les Six",
"text": "In 1917 Poulenc got to know Ravel"
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Recordings",
"text": "In 2005, EMI issued a DVD, \"Francis Poulenc & Friends\", featuring filmed performances of Poulenc's music, played by the composer, with Duval, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Jacques Février and Georges Prêtre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "The work is a setting of Apollinaire's play of the same name, staged in 1917."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1940s: war and post-war",
"text": "At Brive-la-Gaillarde he began three new works, and once back at his home in Noizay in October he started on a fourth."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | 1920s: increasing fame",
"text": "In 1921 Ernest Newman wrote in The Manchester Guardian, \"I keep my eye on Francis Poulenc, a young man who has only just arrived at his twenties."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Piano",
"text": "The pieces Poulenc found merely tolerable were all early works: Trois mouvements perpétuels dates from 1919, the Suite in C from 1920 and the Trois pièces from 1928."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Piano",
"text": "Looking back at his piano music in the 1950s, the composer viewed it critically: \"I tolerate the Mouvements perpétuels, my old Suite en ut [in C], and the Trois pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Francis Jean Marcel Poulenc (French: [fʁɑ̃sis ʒɑ̃ maʁsɛl pulɛ̃k]; 7 January 1899 – 30 January 1963) was a French composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In the words of Roger Nichols in the Grove dictionary, \"For [Poulenc] the most important element of all was melody and he found his way to a vast treasury of undiscovered tunes within an area that had, according to the most up-to-date musical maps, been surveyed, worked and exhausted."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | First compositions and Les Six",
"text": "Poulenc made his début as a composer in 1917 with his Rapsodie nègre, a ten-minute, five-movement piece for baritone and chamber group; it was dedicated to Satie and premiered at one of a series of concerts of new music run by the singer Jane Bathori."
}
] |
Francis Poulenc's earliest poetry dates back to 1917.
| 0 | 0 |
Francis Poulenc
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "Guinness's role as Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original Star Wars trilogy, beginning in 1977, brought him worldwide recognition to a new generation, as well as Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations."
}
] |
wIbkuPejxG4Qg1oPg2yR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Alec Guinness, (born Alec Guinness de Cuffe; 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "From 1875, under English law, when the birth of an illegitimate child was registered, the father's name could be entered on the certificate only if he were present and gave his consent."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "He was nominated for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Obi-Wan Kenobi in Star Wars in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He also portrayed Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas's original Star Wars trilogy; for the original 1977 film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | David Lean",
"text": "For his performance as Colonel Nicholson, the unyielding British POW commanding officer, Guinness won an Academy Award for Best Actor and a BAFTA Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "At the Old Vic, Guinness worked with many actors and actresses who would become his friends and frequent co-stars in the future, including Gielgud, Ralph Richardson, Peggy Ashcroft, Anthony Quayle, and Jack Hawkins."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "Guinness won the Academy Award for Best Actor and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in 1957 for his role in The Bridge on the River Kwai after having been unsuccessfully nominated for an Oscar in 1952 for his performance in The Lavender Hill Mob."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and honours",
"text": "In 1988, he received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for Little Dorrit."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "The confidence and affection the clerical attire appeared to inspire in the boy left a deep impression on the actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was one of three British actors, along with Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud, who made the transition from theatre to films after the Second World War."
},
{
"section_header": "Film career | Star Wars",
"text": "Guinness's role as Obi-Wan Kenobi in the original Star Wars trilogy, beginning in 1977, brought him worldwide recognition to a new generation, as well as Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations."
}
] |
English actor starred as Obi-Wan.
| 0 | 0 |
Alec Guinness
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; French: Croisade des albigeois, Occitan: Crosada dels albigeses) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France."
}
] |
wJw1wXVk3eg3JbogMJhf
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Revolts and reverses 1216 to 1225",
"text": "Responding to a call from Pope Honorius III to renew the crusade, Montfort resumed the siege in the spring of 1218."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Revolts and reverses 1216 to 1225",
"text": "Honorius III called the endeavour a \"miserable setback\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; French: Croisade des albigeois, Occitan: Crosada dels albigeses) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After this, Innocent III called for a crusade against the Albigensians, with the view that a Europe free of heresy could better defend its borders against invading Muslims."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "On assuming the papacy in 1198, Pope Innocent III resolved to deal with the Cathars and sent a delegation of friars to the province of Languedoc to assess the situation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "As a result of the Albigensian Crusade, there were only a small number of French recruits for the Fifth and Sixth crusades."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Revolts and reverses 1216 to 1225",
"text": "Innocent III died suddenly in July 1216 and the crusade was left in temporary disarray."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Initial success 1209 to 1215 | Massacre at Béziers",
"text": "Amalric and Milo, a fellow legate, in a letter to the Pope, claimed that the Crusaders \"put to the sword almost 20,000 people\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade is considered by many historians to be an act of genocide against the Cathars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the murder of his legate Pierre de Castelnau, in 1208, Innocent III declared a crusade against the Cathars."
}
] |
The Albigensian Crusade was started by Pope Honorius III.
| 0 | 0 |
Albigensian Crusade
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India."
}
] |
wLJC0Ml3MxZhqhLcjos7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Salt Satyagraha (Salt March) | Gandhi as folk hero",
"text": "These ideas sounded strange outside India, during his lifetime, but they readily and deeply resonated with the culture and historic values of his people."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Salt Satyagraha (Salt March)",
"text": "This campaign was one of his most successful at upsetting British hold on India; Britain responded by imprisoning over 60,000 people."
},
{
"section_header": "Principles, practices, and beliefs | On inter-religious relations | Muslims",
"text": "One of the strategies Gandhi adopted was to work with Muslim leaders of pre-partition India, to oppose the British imperialism in and outside the Indian subcontinent."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Round Table Conferences",
"text": "He was arrested and imprisoned at the Yerwada Jail, Pune."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Partition and independence",
"text": "Gandhi was involved in the final negotiations, but Stanley Wolpert states the \"plan to carve up British India was never approved of or accepted by Gandhi\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and depictions in popular culture",
"text": "In his autobiography, Gandhi nevertheless explains that he never valued the title, and was often pained by it."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | World War II and Quit India movement",
"text": "During this period, his long time secretary Mahadev Desai died of a heart attack, his wife Kasturba died after 18 months' imprisonment on 22 February 1944; and Gandhi suffered a severe malaria attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Non-co-operation",
"text": "The unfolding events, the massacre and the British response, led Gandhi to the belief that Indians will never get a fair equal treatment under British rulers, and he shifted his attention to Swaraj or self rule and political independence for India."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Struggle for Indian independence (1915–1947) | Non-co-operation",
"text": "Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment."
}
] |
Mahatma Gandhi has never been imprisoned outside of India.
| 1 | 2 |
Mahatma Gandhi
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "In order to discuss the relation between the enthalpy increase and heat supply, we return to the first law for closed systems, with the physics sign convention: dU = δQ − δW, where the heat δQ is supplied by conduction, radiation, and Joule heating."
}
] |
wLprpXdPrD9UIPxvolfS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kelvin effect, especially at low temperatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "In order to discuss the relation between the enthalpy increase and heat supply, we return to the first law for closed systems, with the physics sign convention: dU = δQ − δW, where the heat δQ is supplied by conduction, radiation, and Joule heating."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "Consequently, the increase in enthalpy of the system is equal to the added heat and virtual heat: d"
},
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "We start from the first law of thermodynamics for closed systems for an infinitesimal process: d U ="
},
{
"section_header": "Definition",
"text": "The enthalpy of a closed homogeneous system is its cardinal energy function H(S,p), with natural state variables its entropy S[p] and its pressure"
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "With sign convention of physics, δW' < 0, because isochoric shaft work done by an external device on the system adds energy to the system, and may be viewed as virtually adding heat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Real gases at common temperatures and pressures often closely approximate this behavior, which simplifies practical thermodynamic design and analysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Heat of reaction",
"text": "If ΔH is positive, the reaction is endothermic, that is heat is absorbed by the system due to the products of the reaction having a greater enthalpy than the reactants."
},
{
"section_header": "Relationship to heat",
"text": "This is why the now-obsolete term heat content was used in the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications",
"text": ", the change in enthalpy is the heat received by the system."
}
] |
Heat does not effect enthalpy's closed system
| 0 | 3 |
Enthalpy
|
Geography
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Timeline of Hagia Sophia",
"text": "– The original roof was destroyed in a fire."
}
] |
wMwM5oprIoMJwvmdVN9a
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Timeline of Hagia Sophia",
"text": "859 – A great fire damaged the Hagia Sophia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Basilica of the Hagia Sophia (current structure)",
"text": "The basilica suffered damage, first in a great fire in 859, and again in an earthquake on 8 January 869, that made one of the half-domes collapse."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline of Hagia Sophia",
"text": "– The original roof was destroyed in a fire."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Church of Theodosius II",
"text": "A fire started during the tumult of the Nika Revolt and burned the second Hagia Sophia to the ground on 13–14 January 532."
},
{
"section_header": "Timeline of Hagia Sophia",
"text": "1344 – An earthquake caused severe damage throughout the striation 1346 – Various parts of the building collapsed and the church was closed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Basilica of the Hagia Sophia (current structure)",
"text": "The extent of the damage required six years of repair and reconstruction; the church was re-opened on 13 May 994."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Upper gallery",
"text": "To ensure that the Hagia Sophia did not sustain any damage on the interior of the building, studies have been conducted using ground penetrating radar within the gallery of the Hagia Sophia."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture | Upper gallery",
"text": "Structural damage can easily be seen on its exterior surface."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | Mosaics | 19th-century restoration",
"text": "As in this case, the architects reproduced in paint damaged decorative mosaic patterns, sometimes redesigning them in the process."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Mosque (1453–1935) | Renovation of 1847",
"text": "The mosaics in the upper gallery were exposed and cleaned, although many were recovered \"for protection against further damage\"."
}
] |
Hagia Sophia was damaged in a fire.
| 2 | 7 |
Hagia Sophia
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In June 2009, the BBC's Finlo Rohrer wrote that, 58 years since publication, the book is still regarded \"as the defining work on what it is like to be a teenager.\" Adam Gopnik considers it one of the \"three perfect books\" in American literature, along with Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby, and believes that \"no book has ever captured a city better than Catcher in the Rye captured New York in the fifties."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "In 1981, it was both the most censored book and the second most taught book in public schools in the United States."
}
] |
wN4dHOAIG0kYgsdqDlFu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "The book was banned in the Issaquah, Washington high schools in 1978 as being part of an \"overall communist plot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Between 1961 and 1982, The Catcher in the Rye was the most censored book in high schools and libraries in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "Shelley Keller-Gage, a high school teacher who faced objections after assigning the novel in her class, noted that \"the challengers are being just like Holden... They are trying to be catchers in the rye.\" A Streisand effect has been that this incident caused people to put themselves on the waiting list to borrow the novel, when there was no waiting list before."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In June 2009, the BBC's Finlo Rohrer wrote that, 58 years since publication, the book is still regarded \"as the defining work on what it is like to be a teenager.\" Adam Gopnik considers it one of the \"three perfect books\" in American literature, along with Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Great Gatsby, and believes that \"no book has ever captured a city better than Catcher in the Rye captured New York in the fifties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel also deals with complex issues of innocence, identity, belonging, loss, connection, sex, and depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Attempted adaptations | Banned fan fiction",
"text": "The novel's author, Fredrik Colting, commented: \"call me an ignorant Swede, but the last thing I thought possible in the U.S. was that you banned books\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations",
"text": "Beidler shows (page 28) a still of the boy, played by child-actor Freddie Bartholomew."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and use in schools",
"text": "In 1981, it was both the most censored book and the second most taught book in public schools in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel's protagonist Holden Caulfield has become an icon for teenage rebellion."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style",
"text": "Critical reviews affirm that the novel accurately reflected the teenage colloquial speech of the time."
}
] |
The Catcher in the Rye's plot deals with teenage problems which is why it is still banned in high schools.
| 0 | 0 |
The Catcher in the Rye
|
Popular Culture
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show initially received positive reviews, while the later seasons received more mixed reviews."
}
] |
wN7UbyCOiYeJIUFTa6w9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show initially received positive reviews, while the later seasons received more mixed reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The seventh season received mixed reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"The sixth season received generally positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"The ninth season received mixed to positive reviews by critics, though fans found it worse than prior seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Justin Fowler of Later Reviews gave the season a positive review, saying that the season was \"a pretty good season of television\" and better than the \"poor\" fifth season."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "The third season was met with mostly positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "With Robin homesick and unemployed (and at risk of being deported), this pairing brought out the best Robin Sparkles reference of the season, when Marshall leads a rousing karaoke version of 'Let's Go to the Mall!'\"The fifth season received mostly positive reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Rotten Tomatoes reported that 80% of critics gave the show a positive review, with an average rating of 7.3 out of 10."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Staci Krause of IGN gave the season a positive review, calling it \" great\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Really? This is where you're going with this?'\"The eighth season was widely criticized, with Rotten Tomatoes reporting that 54% of critics gave the show a positive review."
}
] |
The show originally received mixed reviews while later seasons received more positive reviews.
| 6 | 8 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants."
}
] |
wNJugnrylB9HRdA5jYWI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "James Naismith was the second child of Margaret and John Naismith, two Scottish immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "His mother, Margaret Young, was born in 1833 and immigrated to Lanark County, Canada in 1852 as the fourth of 11 children."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish immigrants."
}
] |
James Naismith's parents were German immigrants.
| 0 | 4 |
James Naismith
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A long-time closer, he pitched for the Florida Marlins, San Diego Padres, and Milwaukee Brewers, including more than 15 years for the Padres."
}
] |
wNLrkdn5rORcNdvihsZ9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1996–1998",
"text": "Hoffman was runner-up in the Cy Young Award race that year to Tom Glavine of the Atlanta Braves, despite receiving 13 first-place votes to Glavine's 11."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "and I've been cool with it. A couple of years definitely makes a big difference\", said Hoffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Pitching style",
"text": "Hoffman learned a different changeup, which he throws with a palmball grip, from teammate Donnie Elliott in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1993–1995",
"text": "Smith insisted that Florida include Hoffman in the deal."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Character",
"text": "This is his team. This is his team. \"According to Ausmus, Hoffman wanted his teams to feel like a family."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 1996–1998",
"text": "In Game 1 against Atlanta in the 1998 National League Championship Series, Hoffman entered to stop a rally in the eighth inning with a 2–1 lead."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | Retirement",
"text": "Hoffman had received three cortisone injections that year with the Brewers."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Given their age difference, Hoffman considered his brothers more role models than playmates. \" [Glenn] was the guide while Greg was the drill instructor\", said Hoffman."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hoffman and his wife have three sons: Brody, Quinn, and Wyatt."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Major leagues (1993–2010) | 2003–2006",
"text": "Hoffman signed a $13.5 million, two-year contract that included a club option for 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A long-time closer, he pitched for the Florida Marlins, San Diego Padres, and Milwaukee Brewers, including more than 15 years for the Padres."
}
] |
Hoffman played for three different teams including the Atlanta Braves.
| 2 | 7 |
Trevor Hoffman
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Unification of Germany",
"text": "The King of Prussia, as German Emperor, was not sovereign over the entirety of Germany; he was only primus inter pares, or first among equals."
}
] |
wNVz4FHbIlPR3yV49Z8i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von Bismarck, Herzog zu Lauenburg; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German: [ˈɔto fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen)), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Reputation",
"text": "Over the centuries various rulers had tried to unify the German states without success until Bismarck."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Unification of Germany",
"text": "The King of Prussia, as German Emperor, was not sovereign over the entirety of Germany; he was only primus inter pares, or first among equals."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Unification of Germany",
"text": "They conclude that factors in addition to the strength of Bismarck's Realpolitik led a collection of early modern polities to reorganize political, economic, military, and diplomatic relationships in the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career | Young politician",
"text": "In a famous letter to Leopold von Gerlach, Bismarck wrote that it was foolish to play chess having first put 16 of the 64 squares out of bounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Unification of Germany",
"text": "The genius-statesmen had transformed European politics and had unified Germany in eight and a half years."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Defeat of Denmark",
"text": "Bismarck used both diplomacy and the Prussian military to achieve unification, excluding Austria from a unified Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the German Empire | Foreign policies | Avoiding war",
"text": "Bismarck had first made this famous comment to the Reichstag in December 1876, when the Balkan revolts against the Ottoman Empire threatened to extend to a war between Austria and Russia: Only a year later [1876], he is faced by the alternative of espousing the cause of Russia or that of Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Memorials",
"text": "Numerous statues and memorials dot the cities, towns, and countryside of Germany, including the famous Bismarck Memorial in Berlin and numerous Bismarck towers on four continents."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Place names",
"text": "Bismarck, Illinois Bismarck, North Dakota, the only U.S. state capital named for a foreign statesman."
}
] |
German statesman Otto von Bismarck is famous for unifying Germany in the 19th century and the first version had a German Emperor.
| 0 | 1 |
Otto von Bismarck
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaga began performing as a teenager, singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays."
}
] |
wNgmfvoWgqXOMxNjaQU1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Videos and stage",
"text": "It continued with her performances in the film as well as her stage persona."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1986–2005: Early life",
"text": "When I was like three years old, I may have been even younger, my mom always tells this really embarrassing story of me propping myself up and playing the keys like this because I was too young and short to get all the way up there."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: A Star Is Born, Enigma, and Chromatica",
"text": "Gaga signed a two-year residency, named Lady Gaga Enigma, to perform at the MGM Park Theater in Las Vegas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "She began performing at neo-burlesque shows, which according to her represented freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2005–2007: Career beginnings",
"text": "The producer said they began dating in May 2006, and claimed to have been the first person to call her \"Lady Gaga\", which was derived from Queen's song \"Radio Ga Ga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "the first and only artist to have two songs pass 7 million downloads (\"Poker Face\" and \"Just Dance\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gaga began performing as a teenager, singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Videos and stage",
"text": "Her performances have been described as \"highly entertaining and innovative\"; the blood-spurting performance of \"Paparazzi\" at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was described as \"eye-popping\" by MTV News."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2017: American Horror Story, Joanne, and Super Bowl performances",
"text": "After Artpop's lukewarm response, Gaga began to redo her image and style."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2014: Born This Way, Artpop, and Cheek to Cheek",
"text": "The Zen of Bennett and Katy Perry: Part of Me, and released her first fragrance, Lady Gaga Fame, followed by a second one, Eau de Gaga, in 2014.Gaga began work on her third studio album, Artpop, in early 2012, during the Born This Way Ball tour; she crafted the album to mirror \"a night at the club\"."
}
] |
Lady began performing on stage when she was 7 year old.
| 2 | 4 |
Lady Gaga
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his Major League Baseball (MLB) career, he played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Browns."
}
] |
wNgzr3hVfsp8hYcFwarn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his Major League Baseball (MLB) career, he played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, and St. Louis Browns."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "St. Louis Cardinals retired his number 17 on Sunday September 22, 1974, 67 days after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "In January, 2014, the Cardinals announced Dean among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "The book showcases the antics of Dizzy and his brother Paul Dean, Joe Medwick, Pepper Martin, player/manager Frankie Frisch, and the 1934 St. Louis Cardinals season in their quest to win their third World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "The Honeymooners by the character Ed Norton, who justified mooching a second dinner off of Ralph Kramden by saying, \"Just like Dizzy Dean warms up in the bull pen before a game, I warm up by having my first dinner."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting",
"text": "Following his playing career, Dean became a well-known radio and television sportscaster, calling baseball for the Cardinals (1941–46), Browns (1941–48), Yankees (1950–51), and Atlanta Braves (1966–68) and nationally with Mutual (1952), ABC (1953–54), and CBS (1955–1965), where he teamed first with Buddy Blattner then with Pee Wee Reese."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "Intent on avoiding the double play, Dean threw himself in front of the throw to first."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "MVP in 1934 Inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame Despite having what amounted to only half a career, in 1999, he ranked Number 85 on \"The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players\", and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Recognition",
"text": "The Pride of St. Louis, a motion picture loosely based on Dean's career, was released in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Ace of the Gashouse Gang",
"text": "\" On September 21, Dean pitched no-hit ball for eight innings against the Brooklyn Dodgers, finishing with a three-hit shutout in the first game of a doubleheader, his 27th win of the season."
}
] |
Dizzy Dean was a baseball first baseman who played for St. Louis Cardinals before retiring in 1937.
| 3 | 6 |
Dizzy Dean
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Historical influences",
"text": "Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Hitler's role before appointing himself Führer."
}
] |
wNlInpMM6AsMQU9abprC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Historical influences",
"text": "World War II terms were used for names in the films; e.g. the planets Kessel (a term that refers to a group of encircled forces) and Hoth (after a German general who served on the snow-laden Eastern Front)."
},
{
"section_header": "Film",
"text": "The Star Wars film series centers around three sets of trilogies, which are collectively referred to as the \"Skywalker saga\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games | EA Star Wars (2014–present)",
"text": "Games made during this era are considered canonical, and feature more influence from the Star Wars filmmakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Prequel trilogy",
"text": "Together with the original trilogy, Lucas has collectively referred to the first six episodic films of the franchise as \"the tragedy of Darth Vader\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Anthology films",
"text": "Lucasfilm and Kennedy have stated that the standalone films would be referred to as the Star Wars anthology series (though the word anthology has not been used in any of the titles, instead carrying the promotional \"A Star Wars Story\" subtitle)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Historical influences",
"text": "Palpatine being a chancellor before becoming the Emperor in the prequel trilogy alludes to Hitler's role before appointing himself Führer."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Merchandising",
"text": "Kenner made the first Star Wars action figures to coincide with the release of the film, and today the original figures are highly valuable."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Historical influences",
"text": "Stormtroopers borrow the name of World War I German \"shock\" troopers."
},
{
"section_header": "Film | Skywalker saga | Prequel trilogy",
"text": "In 1989, Lucas stated that the prequels would be \"unbelievably expensive.\" In 1992, he acknowledged that he had plans to create the prequel trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural impact | Industry",
"text": "Film critic Roger Ebert wrote in his book The Great Movies, \"Like The Birth of a Nation and Citizen Kane, Star Wars was a technical watershed that influenced many of the movies that came after."
}
] |
The ascent of Palpatine in the Star Wars prequel films was made to subtly reference the leader of the German National Socialist party.
| 1 | 2 |
Star Wars
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an American actor and filmmaker."
}
] |
wOYPntpMaHt9fEZQaIDb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "College",
"text": "He attended Harvard College on a need-based scholarship."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tommy Lee Jones (born September 15, 1946) is an American actor and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "College | College football",
"text": "Jones played guard on Harvard's undefeated 1968 football team."
},
{
"section_header": "College | College football",
"text": "The game featured a memorable and last-minute Harvard 16-point comeback to tie Yale."
},
{
"section_header": "College | College football",
"text": "He recounted his memory of \"the most famous football game in Ivy League history\" in the documentary Harvard Beats Yale 29-29."
},
{
"section_header": "College | College football",
"text": "He was named as a first-team All-Ivy League selection, and played in the 1968 Game."
},
{
"section_header": "College",
"text": "Jones graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1969; his senior thesis was on \"the mechanics of Catholicism\" in the works of Flannery O'Connor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Increased exposure (1983–2004)",
"text": "In the 1990s, blockbuster hits such as The Fugitive co-starring Harrison Ford, Batman Forever co-starring Val Kilmer, and Men in Black with Will Smith made Jones one of the highest paid and most in-demand actors in Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "College",
"text": "He was the roommate of future Vice President Al Gore."
},
{
"section_header": "College",
"text": "As an upperclassman, he stayed in Dunster House with roommates Gore and Bob Somerby, who later became editor of the media criticism site The Daily Howler."
}
] |
Tommy Lee Jones is a Canadian who played Two-Face in Batman Forever and went to college at Harvard College.
| 0 | 3 |
Tommy Lee Jones
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition to her early film roles, McDormand played Connie Chapman in the fifth season of the television police drama Hill Street Blues."
}
] |
wOeWGYw1pJgoQ3mUNi8b
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She was adopted at one and a half years of age by Noreen (Nickelson) and Vernon McDormand and renamed Frances Louise McDormand."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frances Louise McDormand (born Cynthia Ann Smith, June 23, 1957) is an American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In November 2014, HBO telecast a four-part mini-series based upon the series of short stories by Elizabeth Strout, Olive Kitteridge, co-produced by and starring McDormand."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McDormand has said that her biological mother, to whom she proudly referred, along with herself, as \"white trash,\" may have been one of the parishioners at Vernon's church."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has been hailed as one of the most talented actresses of her generation and is known for her portrayal of unique, quirky and headstrong female characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Writing for the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert called Fargo \"one of the best films I've ever seen\" and felt that McDormand \"should have a lock on an Academy Award nomination with this performance, which is true in every individual moment, and yet slyly, quietly, over the top in its cumulative effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She is the recipient of numerous accolades, including two Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards (Primetime) and a Tony Award, making her one of the few performers to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McDormand was educated at Bethany College and Yale University."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 2019, McDormand played God in Good Omens."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "McDormand has been married to director Joel Coen since 1984."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In addition to her early film roles, McDormand played Connie Chapman in the fifth season of the television police drama Hill Street Blues."
}
] |
Frances McDormand had a part on a cop show.
| 0 | 0 |
Frances McDormand
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fellowship of the Ring was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy."
}
] |
wOzMsoo6RsdnHcydgI56
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the first instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The musical score for The Lord of the Rings films was composed by Howard Shore."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The Fellowship of the Ring was acknowledged as the second best film in the fantasy genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fellowship of the Ring is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critics consensus reads, \"Full of eye-popping special effects, and featuring a pitch-perfect cast, The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring brings J.R.R. Tolkien's classic to vivid life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in Middle-earth, the story tells of the Dark Lord Sauron, who seeks the One Ring."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In the Second Age of Middle-earth, the lords of Elves, Dwarves, and Men are given Rings of Power."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Arwen's father, Lord Elrond, holds a council that decides the Ring must be destroyed in Mount Doom."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Special effects",
"text": "A list of filming locations, sorted by appearance order in the film: The Fellowship of the Ring makes extensive use of digital, practical and make-up special effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Fellowship of the Ring was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings: The fellowship of the Ring was filmed in America.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and as of 2015, the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world by annual sales figures, although it is still the world's largest player in the premium TV market, a market for a television of at least 55-inch in size, with a price higher than $2,500.Sony Corporation is the holding company of the Sony Group (ソニー・グループ, Sonī Gurūpu), which is engaged in businesses through its seven operating components: electronics (A/V, IT & communication products, and medical business), video games, motion pictures (movies and TV shows), music (record labels and music publishing), semiconductors (image sensors), financial services (banking and insurance), and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world, the largest video game console business and the second largest video game publishing business, and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets, and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry."
}
] |
wPGDtUbdQfCgE4F74QB6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "It operates independently of Sony Music as it is directly owned by Japanese Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company owns the largest music entertainment business in the world, the largest video game console business and the second largest video game publishing business, and is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets, and a leading player in the film and television entertainment industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "In March 1988, four wholly owned subsidiaries were folded into CBS/Sony Group and the company was renamed as Sony Music Entertainment Japan (SMEJ)."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Interactive Entertainment",
"text": "The headset brought VR gaming and non-gaming software to the company's console."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Interactive Entertainment",
"text": "Early on, poor sales performance resulted in significant losses for the company, pushing it to sell the console at a loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Interactive Entertainment",
"text": "The console has become the most successful of all time, selling over 150 million units as of 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Interactive Entertainment",
"text": "The company went on to release its second portable video game system, PlayStation Vita, in 2011 and 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment",
"text": "Sony had purchased the business from Sundstrand Corp. in 1989 and subsequently sold it to Rockwell Collins in 2000.In 2012, Sony rolled most of its consumer content services (including video, music and gaming) into the Sony Entertainment Network, the predecessor of Playstaion Network."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "Sony Music Entertainment (also known as SME or Sony Music) is the second-largest global recorded music company of the \"big three\" record companies and is controlled by Sony Corporation of America, the United States subsidiary of Japan's Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Pictures Entertainment",
"text": "For the first several years of its existence, Sony Pictures Entertainment performed poorly, leading many to suspect the company would sell off the division."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sony is among the semiconductor sales leaders and as of 2015, the fifth-largest television manufacturer in the world by annual sales figures, although it is still the world's largest player in the premium TV market, a market for a television of at least 55-inch in size, with a price higher than $2,500.Sony Corporation is the holding company of the Sony Group (ソニー・グループ, Sonī Gurūpu), which is engaged in businesses through its seven operating components: electronics (A/V, IT & communication products, and medical business), video games, motion pictures (movies and TV shows), music (record labels and music publishing), semiconductors (image sensors), financial services (banking and insurance), and others."
}
] |
Japanese company Sony sells semiconductors, video game consoles and owns a music entertainment business.
| 0 | 0 |
Sony
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The 43 most-diverse of 443 families of flowering plants by species, in their APG circumscriptions, are Asteraceae or Compositae (daisy family): 22,750 species; Orchidaceae (orchid family): 21,950; Fabaceae or Leguminosae (bean family): 19,400; Rubiaceae (madder family): 13,150; Poaceae or Gramineae (grass family): 10,035; Lamiaceae or Labiatae (mint family): 7,175; Euphorbiaceae (spurge family): 5,735; Melastomataceae or Melastomaceae (melastome family): 5,005; Myrtaceae (myrtle family): 4,625; Apocynaceae (dogbane family): 4,555; Cyperaceae (sedge family): 4,350; Malvaceae (mallow family): 4,225; Araceae (arum family): 4,025; Ericaceae (heath family): 3,995; Gesneriaceae (gesneriad family): 3,870; Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (parsley family): 3,780; Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (cabbage family): 3,710: Piperaceae (pepper family): 3,600; Bromeliaceae (bromeliad family): 3,540; Acanthaceae (acanthus family): 3,500; Rosaceae (rose family): 2,830; Boraginaceae (borage family): 2,740; Urticaceae (nettle family): 2,625; Ranunculaceae (buttercup family): 2,525; Lauraceae (laurel family): 2,500; Solanaceae (nightshade family): 2,460; Campanulaceae (bellflower family): 2,380; Arecaceae (palm family): 2,361; Annonaceae (custard apple family): 2,220; Caryophyllaceae (pink family): 2,200; Orobanchaceae (broomrape family): 2,060; Amaranthaceae (amaranth family): 2,050; Iridaceae (iris family): 2,025; Aizoaceae or Ficoidaceae (ice plant family): 2,020; Rutaceae (rue family): 1,815; Phyllanthaceae (phyllanthus family): 1,745; Scrophulariaceae (figwort family): 1,700; Gentianaceae (gentian family): 1,650; Convolvulaceae (bindweed family): 1,600; Proteaceae (protea family): 1,600; Sapindaceae (soapberry family): 1,580; Cactaceae (cactus family): 1,500; Araliaceae (Aralia or ivy family): 1,450.Of these, the Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Arecaceae, and Iridaceae are monocot families; Piperaceae, Lauraceae, and Annonaceae are magnoliid dicots; the rest of the families are eudicots."
}
] |
wPMBKqmTcmdzRdYbcJ0t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Angiosperm derived characteristics",
"text": "These distinguishing characteristics taken together have made the angiosperms the most diverse and numerous land plants and the most commercially important group to humans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The flowering plants, also known as Angiospermae, or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with 64 orders, 416 families, approximately 13,000 known genera and 300,000 known species."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The 43 most-diverse of 443 families of flowering plants by species, in their APG circumscriptions, are Asteraceae or Compositae (daisy family): 22,750 species; Orchidaceae (orchid family): 21,950; Fabaceae or Leguminosae (bean family): 19,400; Rubiaceae (madder family): 13,150; Poaceae or Gramineae (grass family): 10,035; Lamiaceae or Labiatae (mint family): 7,175; Euphorbiaceae (spurge family): 5,735; Melastomataceae or Melastomaceae (melastome family): 5,005; Myrtaceae (myrtle family): 4,625; Apocynaceae (dogbane family): 4,555; Cyperaceae (sedge family): 4,350; Malvaceae (mallow family): 4,225; Araceae (arum family): 4,025; Ericaceae (heath family): 3,995; Gesneriaceae (gesneriad family): 3,870; Apiaceae or Umbelliferae (parsley family): 3,780; Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (cabbage family): 3,710: Piperaceae (pepper family): 3,600; Bromeliaceae (bromeliad family): 3,540; Acanthaceae (acanthus family): 3,500; Rosaceae (rose family): 2,830; Boraginaceae (borage family): 2,740; Urticaceae (nettle family): 2,625; Ranunculaceae (buttercup family): 2,525; Lauraceae (laurel family): 2,500; Solanaceae (nightshade family): 2,460; Campanulaceae (bellflower family): 2,380; Arecaceae (palm family): 2,361; Annonaceae (custard apple family): 2,220; Caryophyllaceae (pink family): 2,200; Orobanchaceae (broomrape family): 2,060; Amaranthaceae (amaranth family): 2,050; Iridaceae (iris family): 2,025; Aizoaceae or Ficoidaceae (ice plant family): 2,020; Rutaceae (rue family): 1,815; Phyllanthaceae (phyllanthus family): 1,745; Scrophulariaceae (figwort family): 1,700; Gentianaceae (gentian family): 1,650; Convolvulaceae (bindweed family): 1,600; Proteaceae (protea family): 1,600; Sapindaceae (soapberry family): 1,580; Cactaceae (cactus family): 1,500; Araliaceae (Aralia or ivy family): 1,450.Of these, the Orchidaceae, Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Araceae, Bromeliaceae, Arecaceae, and Iridaceae are monocot families; Piperaceae, Lauraceae, and Annonaceae are magnoliid dicots; the rest of the families are eudicots."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The remaining 5 clades contain a little over 250 species in total; i.e. less than 0.1% of flowering plant diversity, divided among 9 families."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The diversity of flowering plants is not evenly distributed."
},
{
"section_header": "Uses",
"text": "Of all the families of plants, the Poaceae, or grass family (providing grains), is by far the most important, providing the bulk of all feedstocks (rice, maize, wheat, barley, rye, oats, pearl millet, sugar cane, sorghum)."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | Evolutionary history | Cretaceous",
"text": "Yet, many fossil plants recognizable as belonging to modern families (including beech, oak, maple, and magnolia) had already appeared by the late Cretaceous."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy | History of classification",
"text": "Traditionally, the flowering plants are divided into two groups, Dicotyledoneae or Magnoliopsida Monocotyledoneae or Liliopsidawhich in the Cronquist system are called Magnoliopsida (at the rank of class, formed from the family name Magnoliaceae) and Liliopsida (at the rank of class, formed from the family name Liliaceae)."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "This compares to around 12,000 species of moss or 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that the flowering plants are much more diverse."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Nearly all species belong to the eudicot (75%), monocot (23%), and magnoliid (2%) clades."
}
] |
The Poaceae family of plants belongs to the diverse group of land plants called angiosperms.
| 0 | 0 |
Flowering plant
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Family | Frances",
"text": "A volume of their letters, My Darling Pussy, has also been published; Lloyd George's nickname for Frances referred to her gentle personality."
}
] |
wRBWhcTvIurVcJtRcxsy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Family | Frances",
"text": "Lloyd George met Frances Stevenson in 1910; she worked for him first as a teacher for Megan in 1911; she became his secretary and, from early 1913, his long-term mistress."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Frances",
"text": "A volume of their letters, My Darling Pussy, has also been published; Lloyd George's nickname for Frances referred to her gentle personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Namesakes",
"text": "David Lloyd George Elementary School in Vancouver was named after Lloyd George in 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Later political career (1922–1945) | Death",
"text": "Lloyd George died of cancer at the age of 82 on 26 March 1945, with his wife Frances and his daughter Megan at his bedside."
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Frances",
"text": "Lloyd George may have been the father of Stevenson's daughter Jennifer (1929–2012), born long before they wed, but it is more likely that she was the daughter of Thomas Tweed, with whom Stevenson had had an affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Namesakes",
"text": "Kibbutz Ramat David in the Jezreel Valley in northern Israel and the adjacent Ramat David Airbase are named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Selected works",
"text": "The Great Crusade (edited by Frances Stevenson), Hodder and Stoughton, 1918"
},
{
"section_header": "Family | Frances",
"text": "Frances was the first Countess Lloyd-George, and is now largely remembered for her diaries, which dealt with the great issues, and statesmen, of Lloyd George's heyday."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Specialised studies",
"text": "Longford, Ruth (1996), Frances, Countess Lloyd George: more than a mistress, Gracewing Publishing Lowe, Norman (1984), Mastering Modern World History, St. Martin's Press, ISBN"
},
{
"section_header": "Honours | Namesakes",
"text": "Mount Lloyd George in the Northern Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada was named after Lloyd George during the First World War, and still retains the name."
}
] |
David Lloyd George called his mistress, secretary, and wife, Frances Stevenson, by a funny name that referenced her genitals which was the reason for her nickname.
| 2 | 3 |
David Lloyd George
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His numerous awards include three Academy Awards for Best Actor, making him the only male actor to have three wins in that category and one of only three male actors to win three Oscars."
}
] |
wRNJFrwymokrp5mjZo5s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s",
"text": "It won him numerous awards, including the Academy Award for Best Actor and BAFTA Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also nominated for the Academy Award for his work in"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His numerous awards include three Academy Awards for Best Actor, making him the only male actor to have three wins in that category and one of only three male actors to win three Oscars."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "His performance in Gangs of New York earned him his third Academy Award nomination, and won him his second BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "At the 70th Golden Globe Awards, on 14 January 2013, Day-Lewis won his second Golden Globe Award for Best Actor, and at the 66th British Academy Film Awards on 10 February, he won his fourth BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "At one point during filming, having been diagnosed with pneumonia, he refused to wear a warmer coat, or to take treatment, because it was not in keeping with the period; however, he was eventually persuaded to seek medical treatment."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "The film and his performance were met with universal praise from critics, and Day-Lewis was again nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s",
"text": "Day-Lewis received the Academy Award for Best Actor, BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role (which he dedicated to Heath Ledger, saying that he was inspired by Ledger's acting and calling the actor's performance in Brokeback Mountain \"unique, perfect\"), and a variety of film critics' circle awards for the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010s",
"text": "At the 85th Academy Awards, Day-Lewis became the first three-time recipient of the Best Actor Oscar for his role in Lincoln."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won four BAFTA Awards for Best Actor, three Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Golden Globe Awards."
}
] |
Daniel is one of the 3 men who have been awarded 3 Academy Awards during his career.
| 2 | 3 |
Daniel Day-Lewis
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Hackman was born in San Bernardino, California, the son of Eugene Ezra Hackman and Anna Lyda Elizabeth (née Gray)."
}
] |
wRr3QoKdPuxc07xeHTLt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He left home at age 16 and lied about his age to enlist in the United States Marine Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eugene Allen Hackman (born January 30, 1930) is a retired American actor and novelist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Hackman was born in San Bernardino, California, the son of Eugene Ezra Hackman and Anna Lyda Elizabeth (née Gray)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Best Supporting Actor as \"Little\" Bill Daggett in the Clint Eastwood Western Unforgiven (1992)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "He appeared as one of Teddy Roosevelt's former Rough Riders in the Western horse-race saga Bite the Bullet (1975)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "In 1992, he played the sadistic sheriff \"Little\" Bill Daggett in the Western Unforgiven directed by Clint Eastwood and written by David Webb Peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Beginnings to the 1960s",
"text": "A 2004 article in Vanity Fair described Hackman, Hoffman and Robert Duvall as struggling California-born actors and close friends, sharing NYC apartments in various two-person combinations in the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "He reunited with Clint Eastwood in Absolute Power (1997), and co-starred with Will Smith in Enemy of the State (1998), his character reminiscent of the one he had portrayed in The Conversation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He has one brother, Richard. He has Pennsylvania Dutch (German), English, and Scottish ancestry; his mother was Canadian, and was born in Lambton, Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "His family moved frequently, finally settling in Danville, Illinois, where they lived in the house of his English-born maternal grandmother, Beatrice."
}
] |
Hackman was born in the western United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Gene Hackman
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago Cubs (1986–1992)",
"text": "Maddux was drafted in the second round of the 1984 Major League Baseball draft by the Cubs, and made his major league debut on September 3, 1986, the conclusion of the September 2nd game which had been postponed due to darkness (lights were not installed at Wrigley Field until 1988)."
}
] |
wS7HrTbg3mDP1TYGaX3A
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Maddux is the only pitcher in MLB history to win at least 15 games for 17 straight seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Los Angeles Dodgers (2006)",
"text": "Maddux was honored with a Fielding Bible Award as the best fielding pitcher in MLB for 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "... ... I always had it. The pitch really started to work for me when I ... learned how to throw a cutter, it made that pitch more effective."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago Cubs (1986–1992)",
"text": "This began a streak of 17 straight seasons in which Maddux recorded 15 or more wins, the longest such streak in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gregory Alan Maddux (born April 14, 1966) is an American college baseball coach and former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Maddux would later say, \"I believed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching profile",
"text": "Maddux felt Bagwell would instinctively be looking for the same pitch again, which Maddux would then refuse to throw."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Maddux said of that pitch, \"That was just my normal fastball that did that."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago Cubs (1986–1992)",
"text": "Maddux believed that just before the grand slam,when Maddux had a conversation with Zimmer, Clark watched, read Maddux's lips(Maddux said,\"Fastball,high,"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago Cubs (1986–1992)",
"text": "At the time, Maddux was the youngest player in the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago Cubs (1986–1992)",
"text": "Maddux was drafted in the second round of the 1984 Major League Baseball draft by the Cubs, and made his major league debut on September 3, 1986, the conclusion of the September 2nd game which had been postponed due to darkness (lights were not installed at Wrigley Field until 1988)."
}
] |
Maddux worked for the MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Greg Maddux
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich."
}
] |
wSJQqjkvLmyCiqyyGHeE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "In 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L.A. Guns member Tracii Guns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "Describing why he continued using the Guns N' Roses name, instead of labeling the upcoming album an 'Axl Rose solo album', Rose stated \"It is something I lived by before these guys were in it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "\" Rose reportedly purchased the full rights to the Guns N' Roses name in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy, style, influence, and criticism",
"text": "In 2002, Q magazine named Guns N' Roses in its list of the \"50 Bands to See Before You Die\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "During the band's Rock in Rio set, Rose made the following comment regarding former members of the band: I know that many of you are disappointed that some of the people you came to know and"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Their first show, promoted as \"L.A. Guns and Hollywood Rose presents Guns N Roses\", was on March 26, 1985."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Breakthrough and mass popularity (1987–1989) | G N' R Lies",
"text": "During the first of four October 1989 dates opening for the Rolling Stones at the L.A. Coliseum, Rose announced that the shows would be the group's last if certain members of the band did not stop \"dancing with Mr. Brownstone\", a reference to the band's song of the same name about heroin."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "\" The band coined its name by combining the names of both previous groups; initially it was the name of a label they were going to release music on."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Gardner quit soon after and was replaced by another former Hollywood Rose member, Steven Adler."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Background of new album",
"text": "A new Guns N' Roses album had reportedly been in the works since 1994, with Rose the only original member still in the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich."
}
] |
The name Guns N' Roses came from the last names of a L.A. Guns member and a Hollywood Rose member.
| 5 | 6 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary of Guise lands an additional 4,000 French troops in neighboring Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary's Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth, under house arrest for conspiracy charges, is freed and crowned the Queen of England."
}
] |
wSSe0YRwwR3vTUJW2eG6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Under Elizabeth's orders, Walsingham apprehends the priest, who divulges the names of the conspirators and a Vatican agreement to elevate Norfolk to the English crown if he weds Mary, Queen of Scots."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "When the Queen did not deliver, Elizabeth remained at court through 18 October 1555 until after it had become apparent that Mary was not pregnant and after the Queen's husband Philip II of Spain had gone abroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary of Guise lands an additional 4,000 French troops in neighboring Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "On 17 April 1555 she was summoned to Hampton Court to be with Mary during the Queen's delivery."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Proclaiming herself married to England, she ascends the throne as \"the Virgin Queen.\" The costuming and shot composition of the coronation scene are based on Elizabeth's coronation portrait."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Elizabeth sends Walsingham to secretly meet with Mary in Scotland, under the guise of once again planning to marry Henry."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "The film also glosses over the considerable real-life age difference between the Queen and the Duc d'Anjou (in 1570 she was 37 years-old compared to the 19-year-old Duc D'Anjou)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1558, Catholic Queen Mary dies from a cancerous tumour in her uterus."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Elizabeth grants Lord Robert his life as a reminder to herself"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Mary's Protestant half-sister, Elizabeth, under house arrest for conspiracy charges, is freed and crowned the Queen of England."
}
] |
A major scene from the Queen's life is from her standoff with her cousin Mary Queen of Scots in Scotland whom she captures and decapitates.
| 2 | 5 |
Elizabeth (film)
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eddie Clarence Murray (born February 24, 1956), nicknamed \"Steady Eddie\", is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman and designated hitter."
}
] |
wSjQuAy9jZseNmVC7Web
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was 77th on the list of the Baseball's 100 Greatest Players by The Sporting News (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1998, he ranked number 77 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's 100 Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eddie Clarence Murray (born February 24, 1956), nicknamed \"Steady Eddie\", is a former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman and designated hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball",
"text": "In 2008, Murray released a charity wine called Eddie Murray 504 Cabernet, a nod to his 504 career home runs, with all of his proceeds donated to the Baltimore Community Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Last seasons (1996–1997)",
"text": "His last home run was with the Angels, hitting one off Bob Tewksbury in the second inning in a 4-3 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cleveland Indians (1994-1996)",
"text": "One of his hits was a single in the bottom of the 11th inning of Game 3 off of Alejandro Peña to score Álvaro Espinoza."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He thanked the \"sea of black and orange\" in the crowd and then pointed to the kids farthest in the back; (more than 300 inner-city little leaguers had come from Baltimore's Northwood Baseball League) and told them that one day \"they would be here too\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Murray played Little League baseball under coach Clifford Prelow, an ex-Dodger minor leaguer. (In his Hall of Fame induction speech, Murray thanked Prelow for teaching him not just the game of baseball, but love for the game as well.) Prelow remembers that young Murray was a well behaved player."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball",
"text": "One year earlier, DeCinces had agreed to pay $2.5 million to settle the SEC's civil insider trading charges against him in the same case."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career",
"text": "The Dodgers had just come off a three-game sweep of the New York Mets and had produced 31 hits and 18 runs."
}
] |
Eddie Murray is a baseball player turned comedian that play Hakeem in the movie Coming to America and was number 77th on the list.
| 1 | 5 |
Eddie Murray
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it."
}
] |
wT3TPx1I6pA1DJyzGkKA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "While speaking on the late producer, West praised Dilla's ability concerning drums."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Mental health",
"text": "You still ain't called me ... Jay-Z, I know you got killers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2003–2006: The College Dropout and Late Registration",
"text": "Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, \"George Bush doesn't care about black people."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1996–2002: Early work and Roc-A-Fella Records",
"text": "The accident inspired West; two weeks after being admitted to the hospital, he recorded a song at the Record Plant Studios with his jaw still wired shut."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "West imparts that he's conscious of the circumstances of his surroundings and strives to speak in an inclusive manner so groups from different racial and gender backgrounds can comprehend his lyrics, saying he desired to sound \"just as ill as Jadakiss and just as understandable as Will Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "That's kind of a rarified space for a mainstream musician: someone who can almost willfully turn his fan base off at some moments and still know that in all likelihood, they will be there for his next release."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "Jon Caramanica of The New York Times said that West has been \"a frequent lightning rod for controversy, a bombastic figure who can count rankling two presidents among his achievements.\" Nieson elaborates, \"He is talented enough that he has made the calculation that you can dislike him and you will still listen to his music."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–2015: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "\" The publication added that \"he's letting his music speak for and prove itself.\" The Guardian said that \"his set has a potent ferocity – but there are gaps and stutters, and he cuts a strangely lone figure in front of the vast crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Influence",
"text": "According to Billboard senior editor Alex Gale, \"That album is the equivalent of (Bob) Dylan going electric, and you still hear that all the time, in hip-hop and outside of hip-hop.\" Though 808s & Heartbreak polarized listeners upon release, the album was a commercial success and impacted popular music stylistically."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Acting and filmmaking",
"text": "West provided the voice for \"Kenny West\", a rapper, in the animated sitcom"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it."
}
] |
West can still speak Chinese fluently.
| 2 | 5 |
Kanye West
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
wTDaE020oWknoaikpxFv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Radbourn was born on December 11, 1854, in Rochester, New York, the second of eight children to Charles and Caroline (Gardner) Radbourn."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in New York and raised in Illinois, Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for Buffalo in 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "After the regular season ended, the NL champion Grays played the American Association champion New York Metropolitans in the 1884 World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In 1886, an image was captured of him \"flipping off\" a member of the New York Giants in a team photo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "He then jumped to the rebel Players' League and spent 1890 with its Boston club and, after the PL folded, played the 1891 season with Cincinnati in the American Association before retiring."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Radbourn (the elder) had immigrated to the United States from Bristol, England, to find work as a butcher; Caroline followed soon after."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "With only two players to cover the three outfield positions, the Grays lost the lead, then lost the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "Despite being obviously intoxicated, Sweeney managed to make it to the seventh inning with a 6–2 lead; when Bancroft attempted to relieve him with the change pitcher, Sweeney verbally abused him before being ejected and storming out of the park, leaving Providence with only eight players."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In the 2001 book The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, Bill James ranked Radbourn as the 45th greatest pitcher of all-time."
}
] |
Charles Radbourn was an American football player that was born in New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Radbourn
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million."
}
] |
wTL1IhxtnuWKqRyNZxEU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Diaspora",
"text": "According to the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Pakistan has the sixth-largest diaspora in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A middle power, Pakistan has the sixth-largest standing armed forces in the world and is also a nuclear power as well as a declared nuclear-weapons state."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "There is also a large Pakistani diaspora worldwide, numbering over seven million, which has been recorded as the sixth largest diaspora in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion | Islam",
"text": "In 1984, Ahmadiyya places of worship were banned from being called \"mosques\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Sports",
"text": "Cricket, however, is the most popular game across the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Food and drink | Traditional food",
"text": "Black tea with milk and sugar is popular throughout Pakistan and is consumed daily by most of the population."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and society | Literature and philosophy",
"text": "Prose fiction is now very popular."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations | Emphasis on relations with Muslim world",
"text": "Pakistan vigorously championed the right of self-determination for Muslims around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Pakistan is a strong ally of China, with both countries placing considerable importance on the maintenance of an extremely close and supportive special relationship."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "However, an exchange took place between the two countries using Turkey as a communication conduit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 212.2 million."
}
] |
Pakistan is the sixth most popular place in the world.
| 0 | 2 |
Pakistan
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Finally, the Queen confirms that Alice was the culprit responsible of stealing the tarts after all (which automatically pardons the Knave of Hearts of his charges), and shouts, \"Off with her head!\", but Alice is unafraid, calling them just a pack of cards; although Alice holds her own for a time, the card guards soon gang up and start to swarm all over her."
}
] |
wTOfVymsWSdhQ7BXCQxr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Alice attends a trial whereby the Knave of Hearts is accused of stealing the Queen's tarts."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Queen of Hearts then orders the Cat to be beheaded, only to have her executioner complain that this is impossible since the head is all that can be seen of him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The Queen of Hearts dismisses her on the threat of execution and she introduces Alice to the Gryphon, who takes her to the Mock Turtle."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Finally, the Queen confirms that Alice was the culprit responsible of stealing the tarts after all (which automatically pardons the Knave of Hearts of his charges), and shouts, \"Off with her head!\", but Alice is unafraid, calling them just a pack of cards; although Alice holds her own for a time, the card guards soon gang up and start to swarm all over her."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Chapter Eight – The Queen's Croquet Ground: Alice leaves the tea party and enters the garden where she comes upon three living playing cards painting the white roses on a rose tree red because The Queen of Hearts hates white roses."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Alice scoffs and calls the dormouse's accusation ridiculous because everyone grows and she cannot help it."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and influence | Live performance",
"text": "The ballet overall stays generally light hearted for its running time of an hour and forty minutes."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The jury is composed of various animals, including Bill the Lizard, the White Rabbit is the court's trumpeter, and the judge is the King of Hearts."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Language",
"text": "\" These words correspond to the first five of Latin's six cases, in a traditional order established by medieval grammarians: mus (nominative), muris (genitive), muri (dative), murem (accusative), (O) mus (vocative)."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing style and themes | Symbolism",
"text": "In the eighth chapter, three cards are painting the roses on a rose tree red, because they had accidentally planted a white-rose tree that The Queen of Hearts hates."
}
] |
The Knave of Hearts is accused of stealing the Queen's pastries and is executed by beheading.
| 5 | 5 |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Barber became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, Vanessa, which premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1958."
}
] |
wTTazfXsYxeoizbhSMmM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "She took Gian Carlo with her, and in 1928 she enrolled him at Philadelphia's Curtis Institute of Music, but she returned to Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 2010, the main theatre in Spoleto was renamed as the Teatro Nuovo Gian Carlo Menotti to honour his role as creator and spirit of the festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gian Carlo Menotti (, Italian: [dʒaŋ ˈkarlo meˈnɔtti]; July 7, 1911 – February 1, 2007) was an Italian-American composer and librettist."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Armed with a letter of introduction from the wife of Arturo Toscanini, Gian Carlo studied composition at Curtis under Rosario Scalero."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Barber became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, Vanessa, which premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as composer",
"text": "Menotti also taught at the Curtis Institute of Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Menotti died on February 1, 2007, at the age of 95 in a hospital in Monte Carlo, Monaco, where he had a home."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "In 1984 Menotti was awarded a Kennedy Center Honor for achievement in the arts, and in 1991 he was chosen Musical America's \"Musician of the Year\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Menotti began writing songs when he was seven years old, and at eleven wrote both the libretto and music for his first opera, The Death of Pierrot."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He began his formal musical training at the Milan Conservatory in 1923."
}
] |
Gian Carlo Menotti met his partner at music school.
| 2 | 4 |
Gian Carlo Menotti
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education, ordination, and early career",
"text": "After this, he went to the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico in Mexico City for further study, earning his degree in philosophy and theology in 1773."
}
] |
wTYDEQJ22lezTPWkfBas
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "\"Grito de Dolores\" or \"Cry of Dolores\"",
"text": "On the morning of 16 September 1810, Hidalgo celebrated Mass, which was attended by about 300 people, including hacienda owners, local politicians and Spaniards."
},
{
"section_header": "Education, ordination, and early career",
"text": "After this, he went to the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico in Mexico City for further study, earning his degree in philosophy and theology in 1773."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "David Alfaro Siqueiros was commissioned by San Nicolas McGinty University in Morelia to paint a mural for a celebration commemorating the 200th anniversary of Hidalgo's birth."
}
] |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla did not attend university.
| 0 | 0 |
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 – 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century."
}
] |
wUYYg2hBS0byCGI9BkOq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "European tours | 1840–1848",
"text": "of which peculiar passages Thalberg was undoubtedly the inventor."
},
{
"section_header": "Composer",
"text": "Thalberg was one of the most famous and most successful piano composers of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts in America",
"text": "She had been one of his students but she was misidentified as his daughter."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | 1840–1848",
"text": "In his later years, he told August Göllerich, one of his pupils: As I met Thalberg, I said to him: 'Here I have cribbed everything from you.' '"
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "One year later he got an offer from the same conservatory which he refused."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sigismond Thalberg (8 January 1812 – 27 April 1871) was a composer and one of the most distinguished virtuoso pianists of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Early virtuoso career",
"text": "Thalberg was stupefied. While Liszt then gave over a dozen concerts, Thalberg gave only one concert on 12 March 1837 in the Paris Conservatoire, and a further concert on 2 April 1837."
},
{
"section_header": "Concerts in America",
"text": "The \"unexpected close\" referred to the announcement in June 1858 in Chicago that Thalberg would make only one of three scheduled appearances before immediately returning to Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "European tours | 1840–1848",
"text": "In spring 1842, Blanchard reached for new superlatives even surpassing his former ones."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "The death of Thalberg's father in law, Lablache, on 23 January 1858, could be one reason."
}
] |
Thalberg was the inventor of the stickers that go on fruit.
| 0 | 0 |
Sigismond Thalberg
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Principal provisions",
"text": "In South America, Spain returned Colónia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil."
}
] |
wUianI4ZfNh5xDYYAuKk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "Negotiations at Utrecht dragged on into the next year, for the peace treaty between Spain and the Netherlands was only signed on 26 June 1714 and that between Spain and Portugal on 6 February 1715.Several other treaties came out of the congress of Utrecht."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "The first treaty signed at Utrecht was the truce between France and Portugal on 7 November, followed by the truce between France and Savoy on 14 March 1714."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "Spain under Philip V signed separate peace treaties with Savoy and Great Britain at Utrecht on 13 July."
},
{
"section_header": "Principal provisions",
"text": "In South America, Spain returned Colónia do Sacramento in modern Uruguay to Portugal and recognised Portuguese sovereignty over the lands between the Amazon and Oyapock rivers, now in Brazil."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Utrecht is a series of peace treaties signed by the belligerents in the War of the Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht between April 1713 and February 1715."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "Great Britain signed a like treaty with Spain (9 December 1713)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The 1707 Nueva Planta decrees abolished regional political structures in the kingdoms of Aragon, Valencia and Majorca, although Catalonia retained some of these rights until 1767.Despite failure in Spain, Austria secured its position in Italy and Hungary, allowing them to continue expansion into areas of South-East Europe previously held by the Ottoman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaties between several European states, including Spain, Great Britain, France, Portugal, Savoy and the Dutch Republic, helped end the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Principal provisions",
"text": "The successful French Rhineland campaign of 1713 finally induced Charles to sign the 1714 treaties of Rastatt and Baden, although terms were not agreed with Spain until the 1720 Treaty of The Hague."
},
{
"section_header": "Negotiations",
"text": "These were five separate treaties between France and Great Britain, the Netherlands, Savoy, Prussia and Portugal."
}
] |
After the Treaty of Utrecht was signed, Spain released a South American colony it held to Portugal.
| 0 | 2 |
Treaty of Utrecht
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "An officer of The Salvation Army, Major Barbara Undershaft, becomes disillusioned when her Christian denomination accepts money from an armaments manufacturer (her father) and a whisky distiller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Major Barbara is a three-act English play by George Bernard Shaw, written and premiered in 1905 and first published in 1907."
}
] |
wVANPRCYZPtzcs5D3lOX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story concerns an idealistic young woman, Barbara Undershaft, who is engaged in helping the poor as a Major in the Salvation Army in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Major Barbara is a three-act English play by George Bernard Shaw, written and premiered in 1905 and first published in 1907."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Many studies have looked at main character Undershaft's beliefs and morals from several points of view, including their relation to Shaw's personal beliefs; their presentation throughout the play, and their changes over the course of the play; the counterpoints to them by Adolphus Cusins, and their relation to the social realities of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Fiona Macintosh has examined Shaw's use of classical literary sources, such as The Bacchae, in Major Barbara."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Relatedly, several others have looked at the play in relation to the circumstances of the period in which it was written."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Undershaft, the father, gives money to the Salvation Army, which offends Major Barbara, who does not want to be connected to his \"tainted\" wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "During their reunion, Undershaft learns that Barbara is a major in The Salvation Army who works at their shelter in West Ham, east London."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "In his discussion of the play, Robert J Jordan has analysed the relationship between Major Barbara and another Shaw play, Man and Superman."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "An officer of The Salvation Army, Major Barbara Undershaft, becomes disillusioned when her Christian denomination accepts money from an armaments manufacturer (her father) and a whisky distiller."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As well, lines in dialect English are written phonetically (Bill Walker jeers, \"Wot prawce selvytion nah?\" , \"What price is salvation now?\")."
}
] |
Major Barbara is a story about an woman who is disappointed with her beliefs and was written in the early 1900s.
| 0 | 4 |
Major Barbara
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On July 10, 2020, Netflix became the largest entertainment/media company by market cap."
}
] |
wVEOyBKJS5Z9hxJXx8bE
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Rebranding and wider international expansion",
"text": "On January 22, 2018, the company crossed $100 billion in market capitalization, becoming the largest digital media and entertainment company in the world, bigger than every traditional media company except for AT&T, Comcast and Disney and the 59th largest publicly traded company in the US S&P 500 Index."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On July 10, 2020, Netflix became the largest entertainment/media company by market cap."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services."
},
{
"section_header": "Products",
"text": "Netflix revealed a prototype of the new device called \"The Switch\" at the 2015 World Maker Faire New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Viewership figure claims",
"text": "Netflix has been called out by some media organizations and competitors for only rarely and selectively releasing its ratings and viewer numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals",
"text": "As of March 2020, Netflix offered just under 3,000 film titles for streaming on its U.S. service."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Entertainment dominance, presence, and continued growth",
"text": "By 2010, Netflix's streaming business had grown so quickly that within months the company had shifted from the fastest-growing customer of the United States Postal Service's first-class service to the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America in the evening."
},
{
"section_header": "Finance",
"text": "Netflix ranked 261 on the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States companies by revenue."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Subscribers were allowed approximately one hour of streaming per dollar spent on the monthly subscription (a $16.99 plan, for example, entitled the subscriber to 17 hours of streaming media)."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "Netflix's video on demand streaming service, formerly branded as Watch Now, allows subscribers to stream television series and films via the Netflix website on personal computers, or the Netflix software on a variety of supported platforms, including smartphones and tablets, digital media players, video game consoles and smart TVs."
}
] |
The streaming service called Netflix is the largest media company in the world in 2020.
| 0 | 0 |
Netflix
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Bonham's death and break-up: 1978–1980",
"text": "The cause of death was asphyxiation from vomit; the finding was accidental death."
}
] |
wVKbw8ePtjA3MbhVK2ht
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | \"The Biggest Band in the World\": 1971–1975",
"text": "With 37 million copies sold, Led Zeppelin IV is one of the best-selling albums in history, and its massive popularity cemented Led Zeppelin's status as superstars in the 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Led Zeppelin remain one of the most bootlegged artists in the history of rock music."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the decades that followed, the former members sporadically collaborated and participated in one-off Led Zeppelin reunions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many critics consider Led Zeppelin one of the most successful, innovative, and influential rock groups in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Many have considered Led Zeppelin to be one of the most successful, innovative, and influential bands in the history of rock music."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style",
"text": "Led Zeppelin's music was rooted in the blues."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "They achieved eight consecutive number-ones on the UK Albums Chart, a record for most consecutive UK number-one albums shared with ABBA."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus from touring and return: 1975–1977",
"text": "By this time, Led Zeppelin were the world's number one rock attraction, having outsold most bands of the time, including the Rolling Stones."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They achieved eight consecutive UK number-one albums."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Hiatus from touring and return: 1975–1977",
"text": "Although the tour was financially profitable, it was beset by off-stage problems."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Bonham's death and break-up: 1978–1980",
"text": "The cause of death was asphyxiation from vomit; the finding was accidental death."
}
] |
One of Led Zeppelin's musicians had a heart attack and died on stage.
| 0 | 0 |
Led Zeppelin
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published serially throughout 1819 and 1820."
}
] |
wVPeZ8ihY03tpjS1nxZk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., commonly referred to as The Sketch Book, is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by the American author Washington Irving."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Irving spent late 1818 and the early part of 1819 putting the final touches on the short stories and essays that he would eventually publish as The Sketch Book through 1819 and 1820."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was published serially throughout 1819 and 1820."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history | American editions",
"text": "The first American edition of The Sketch Book initially comprised twenty-nine short stories and essays, published in the United States in seven paperbound installments, appearing intermittently between June 23, 1819, and September 13, 1820."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history | English edition",
"text": "In July 1820, Murray published the second volume of The Sketch Book, including all the pieces from the final three American installments, plus three additional essays: the American Indian sketches \"Philip of Pokanoket\" and \"Traits of Indian Character\", which Irving had originally written for the Analectic Magazine in 1814, and a short original piece, \"L'Envoy\", in which Irving thanked his British readers for their indulgence."
},
{
"section_header": "Publishing history | Author's revised edition",
"text": "Irving also slightly changed the order of the sketches, placing a number of essays from the seventh American installment earlier in the collection, and moving \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" into a place of prominence as the final story in the collection (\"L'Envoy\" being merely a thank you to readers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Public and critical response",
"text": "Let us hope it will give way before my mother's custards and this charming Geoffrey Crayon.\" Let us hope it will give way before my mother's custards and this charming Geoffrey Crayon.\" Maggie took up the Sketch Book, which lay by her on the table. (Book 6, Chapter 2) The Sketch Book cemented Irving’s reputation, and propelled him to a level of celebrity previously unseen for an American writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It also marks Irving's first use of the pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon, which he would continue to employ throughout his literary career."
},
{
"section_header": "Public and critical response",
"text": "Modern editions of The Sketch Book contain all 34 stories, in the order directed by Irving in his Author's Revised Edition, as follows: The first American reviews were the result of well-placed advance publicity, performed on Irving’s behalf by his friend Henry Brevoort."
}
] |
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., commonly referred to as The Sketch Book, is a collection of 34 essays and short stories written by the American author Washington Irving that was published serially throughout 1819 and 1820.
| 0 | 0 |
The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man the title refers to is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible."
}
] |
wVguof71Ar3tbKNG7l7w
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "According to John Sutherland, Wells and his contemporaries such as Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson and Rudyard Kipling \"essentially wrote boy's books for grown-ups.\" Sutherland identifies The Invisible Man as one such book."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "\"Old Peter vanished like a shot/but then - his suit of clothes did not.\" Another influence on The Invisible Man was Plato's Republic, a book which had a significant effect on Wells when he read it as an adolescent."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "A mysterious man, Griffin, arrives at the local inn owned by Mr. and Mrs. Hall of the English village of Iping, West Sussex, during a snowstorm."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He attempted to steal food and clothes from a large department store, and eventually stole some clothing from a theatrical supply shop on Drury Lane and headed to Iping to attempt to reverse the invisibility."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Invisible Man has a wealth of progeny."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In the second book of the Republic, Glaucon recounts the legend of the Ring of Gyges, which posits that, if a man were made invisible and could act with impunity, he would \"go about among men with the powers of a god.\" Wells wrote the original version of the tale between March and June 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The cultural pervasiveness of the invisible man has led to everything from his cameo in an episode of Tom and Jerry to the Queen song The Invisible Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "When the authorities arrive at Kemp's house, Griffin fights his way out and the next day leaves a note announcing that Kemp himself will be the first man to be killed in the \"Reign of Terror\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "In the process, he arms himself with an iron pipe; when a man follows the \"floating pipe\" and accidentally forces the Invisible Man into thorn bushes, the Invisible Man commits his first murder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Invisible Man the title refers to is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible."
}
] |
In the book, The Invisible Man, the author is unsuccessful in reversing his own invisibility.
| 2 | 4 |
The Invisible Man
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Nick Clooney, is a former anchorman and television host, including five years on the AMC network."
}
] |
wViiKjJcH7FLEBWk3fUu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "Clooney was caricatured in the American Dad!"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Clooneys moved back to Kentucky when George was midway through the seventh grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and public advocacy | Darfur",
"text": "The documentary was broadcast on American cable TV as well as in the UK and France."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Clooney dated French reality TV personality Céline Balitran (1996–1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Real estate",
"text": "He purchased the 7,354-square-foot (683.2 m2) house in 1995 through his George Guilfoyle Trust."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "The cover story in a February 2008 issue of Time magazine was headlined with: \"George Clooney: The last movie"
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Throughout his career, Clooney has won two Academy Awards, one for Best Supporting Actor for his role in Syriana and one for Best Picture as one of the producers for Argo, as well as a BAFTA and a Golden Globe."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "In 2005, TV Guide ranked Clooney No. 1 on its \"50 Sexiest Stars of All Time\" list."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "They were married by Clooney's friend Walter Veltroni, the former mayor of Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father, Nick Clooney, is a former anchorman and television host, including five years on the AMC network."
}
] |
George Clooney's dad was on TV.
| 0 | 0 |
George Clooney
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Food",
"text": "Animal livers are rich in iron, vitamin A and vitamin B12; and cod liver oil is commonly used as a dietary supplement."
}
] |
wW6rmLw7WpHv2Fe6OVZI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Functions | Other",
"text": "The liver stores a multitude of substances, including vitamin A (1–2 years' supply), vitamin D (1–4 months' supply), vitamin B12 (3–5 years' supply), vitamin K, iron, and copper."
},
{
"section_header": "Society and culture | Food",
"text": "Animal livers are rich in iron, vitamin A and vitamin B12; and cod liver oil is commonly used as a dietary supplement."
},
{
"section_header": "Functions | Other",
"text": "The liver produces albumin, the most abundant protein in blood serum."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "Although it performs many functions of a liver, it is not considered a true liver but a homolog of the vertebrate liver."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "The internal structure of the liver is broadly similar in all vertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "The liver is found in all vertebrates and is typically the largest visceral (internal) organ."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "An organ sometimes referred to as a liver is found associated with the digestive tract of the primitive chordate Amphioxus."
},
{
"section_header": "Clinical significance | Symptoms",
"text": "Excessive fatigue occurs from a generalized loss of nutrients, minerals and vitamins."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "Its form varies considerably in different species, and is largely determined by the shape and arrangement of the surrounding organs."
},
{
"section_header": "Other animals",
"text": "Nonetheless, in most species it is divided into right and left lobes; exceptions to this general rule include snakes, where the shape of the body necessitates a simple cigar-like form."
}
] |
Animal livers are abundant in vitamins D and A.
| 1 | 2 |
Liver
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company's current slogan is Be Moved."
}
] |
wXGXmC1sxEQNMhfFJ7R2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Their former slogans were The One and Only (1979–1982), It's a Sony (1982–2005), like.no.other (2005–2009) and make.believe (2009–2013).Sony has a weak tie to the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) corporate group, the successor to the Mitsui group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company's current slogan is Be Moved."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "In a bid to provide a unified brand for its global operations, Sony introduced a slogan known as \"make.believe\" in 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Audio",
"text": "The company now uses the Walkman brand to market its portable audio and video players as well as a line of former Sony Ericsson mobile phones."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Globalization",
"text": "Shortly thereafter, Hirai outlined his company-wide initiative, named \"One Sony\" to revive Sony from years of financial losses and bureaucratic management structure, which proved difficult for former CEO Stringer to accomplish, partly due to differences in business culture and native languages between Stringer and some of Sony's Japanese divisions and subsidiaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Electronics | Sony Corporation",
"text": "Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "Sony bought out Bertelsmann's share in Sony BMG and formed a new Sony Music Entertainment in 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "It operates independently of Sony Music as it is directly owned by Japanese Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Pictures Entertainment",
"text": "Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (SPE) is the television and film production/distribution unit of Sony."
},
{
"section_header": "Business units | Entertainment | Sony Music Group and SMEJ",
"text": "In 2004, Sony entered into a joint venture with Bertelsmann AG, merging Sony Music Entertainment with Bertelsmann Music Group to create Sony BMG."
}
] |
Sony former slogan was "Be Moved".
| 2 | 5 |
Sony
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He joined the United States Marine Corps Reserve on June 28, 1962."
}
] |
wYXYeGuZ3Dbe343N5jDF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He served with AIRFMFPAC 29 Palms, California, through July 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "Seaver's TV experience dates back to his playing career, when he was invited to serve as a World Series analyst for ABC in 1977 and for NBC in 1978, 1980, and 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "Seaver then pitched a 10-inning complete game for a 2–1 win in Game Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "In seven of the 12 no-decisions, he pitched 10 or more innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "In 1971, Seaver led the league in earned run average (1.76) and strikeouts (289 in 286 innings) while going 20–10."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "During his tenure with the Mets, Seaver made 108 starts in which he pitched nine or more innings and allowed one run or less."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "He was named to the 1967 All-Star Game, and got the save by pitching a scoreless 15th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "In addition to his 10 consecutive strikeouts, Seaver tied Steve Carlton's major league record, at the time, with 19 strikeouts in a nine-inning game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "Al Ferrara, who had homered in the second inning for the Padres' run, was the final strikeout victim of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | New York Mets (1967–1977)",
"text": "In front of a crowd of over 59,000 at New York's Shea Stadium on July 9, Seaver threw 8 1⁄3 perfect innings against the division-leading Chicago Cubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He joined the United States Marine Corps Reserve on June 28, 1962."
}
] |
Seaver served in the military.
| 1 | 4 |
Tom Seaver
|
Science
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Heterogeneous ribosomes",
"text": "Ribosomes are compositionally heterogeneous between species and even within the same cell, as evidenced by the existence of cytoplasmic and mitochondria ribosomes within the same eukaryotic cells."
}
] |
wYhcvuQ7kmKV8NQV4lQU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biogenesis",
"text": "In eukaryotes, the process takes place both in the cell cytoplasm and in the nucleolus, which is a region within the cell nucleus."
},
{
"section_header": "Heterogeneous ribosomes",
"text": "Ribosomes are compositionally heterogeneous between species and even within the same cell, as evidenced by the existence of cytoplasmic and mitochondria ribosomes within the same eukaryotic cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Ribosome locations | Free ribosomes",
"text": "Free ribosomes can move about anywhere in the cytosol, but are excluded from the cell nucleus and other organelles."
},
{
"section_header": "Ribosome locations | Free ribosomes",
"text": "Proteins that are formed from free ribosomes are released into the cytosol and used within the cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Ribosome locations | Membrane-bound ribosomes",
"text": "In eukaryotic cells this happens in a region of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) called the \"rough ER\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Heterogeneous ribosomes",
"text": "Evidence has suggested that specialized ribosomes specific to different cell populations may affect how genes are translated."
},
{
"section_header": "Biogenesis",
"text": "In bacterial cells, ribosomes are synthesized in the cytoplasm through the transcription of multiple ribosome gene operons."
},
{
"section_header": "Heterogeneous ribosomes",
"text": "In budding yeast, 14/78 ribosomal proteins are non-essential for growth, while in humans this depends on the cell of study."
},
{
"section_header": "Ribosome locations | Membrane-bound ribosomes",
"text": "Bound ribosomes usually produce proteins that are used within the plasma membrane or are expelled from the cell via exocytosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Translation",
"text": "Usually in bacterial cells, several ribosomes are working parallel on a single mRNA, forming what is called a polyribosome or polysome."
}
] |
Ribosomes are the powerhouse of the cell!
| 1 | 1 |
Ribosome
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Dress code",
"text": "Men are expected to wear formal attire, women are expected to dress in business-like clothing and the wearing of T-shirts with slogans is not allowed."
}
] |
wZHA7tTU5ovyTbqVFZn1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions",
"text": "The Palace has accumulated many rules and traditions over the centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Dress code",
"text": "Men are expected to wear formal attire, women are expected to dress in business-like clothing and the wearing of T-shirts with slogans is not allowed."
},
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Other traditions",
"text": "The only animals allowed in the Palace of Westminster are guide dogs."
},
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Eating, drinking and smoking",
"text": "Members may not eat or drink in the chamber; the exception to this rule is the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who may have a beverage of the Chancellors' choice while delivering the Budget statement."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Other rooms",
"text": "The Strangers' Bar is one of the numerous bars, cafeterias and restaurants in the Palace of Westminster, with differing rules regarding who is allowed to use their facilities; many of them never close while the House is sitting."
},
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Other traditions",
"text": "The status of the Palace as a royal palace raises legal questions—according to Halsbury's Laws of England, it is not possible to arrest a person within the \"verges\" of the Palace (the Palace itself and its immediate surroundings)."
},
{
"section_header": "Interior | Westminster Hall",
"text": "Westminster Hall, the oldest existing part of the Palace of Westminster, was erected in 1097 by King William II ('William Rufus'), at which point it was the largest hall in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old Palace",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster was the monarch's principal residence in the late Medieval period."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Old Palace",
"text": "The Palace of Westminster site was strategically important during the Middle Ages, as it was located on the banks of the River Thames."
},
{
"section_header": "Rules and traditions | Other traditions",
"text": "However, according to a memorandum by the Clerk of the House of Commons, there is no prohibition on arrest within the Palace and such arrests have been effected in the past."
}
] |
The attire rules for the Palace of Westminster are very relaxed.
| 2 | 5 |
Palace of Westminster
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it was first published in 1914 with other Frost poetry in the North of Boston collection, critic Harold Bloom notes that the poem was written in 1905 or 1906."
}
] |
wZOIISrUhMe6f1ZqFDpj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a poem by Robert Frost."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although it was first published in 1914 with other Frost poetry in the North of Boston collection, critic Harold Bloom notes that the poem was written in 1905 or 1906."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "'Dead'’ was all he answered.\" Several themes are touched upon by Frost in this poem including family, power, justice, mercy, age, death, friendship, redemption, guilt and belonging."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "\"The Death of the Hired Man\" is a long poem primarily concerning a conversation, over a short time period in a single evening, between a farmer (Warren) and his wife (Mary) about what to do with an ex-employee named Silas, who helped with haymaking and left the farm at an inappropriate time after being offered \"pocket money\", now making his return during winter looking like \"a miserable sight\" having \"changed\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Continuing on her theme of Silas’ worth she empathizes: “His working days are done; I’m sure of it.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The poem shines light on Warren’s progressive moral slide from resistance to acceptance of his responsibility of providing a home for Silas’ death despite his wrongdoings."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Childless marriage is a theme that Frost often addressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "There is mention of Harold Wilson, a boy who helped with the haymaking \"four years since\" during his school days, who Silas declares must be brought back to help again with the next season."
},
{
"section_header": "Overview",
"text": "/ / Why doesn't he go there? His brother's rich, / A somebody – director in the bank.\" When Warren wonders \"what's between them\", Mary states: \"Worthless though he is, / He won't be made ashamed to please his brother.\" Following this Mary urges Warren to go and see Silas."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "A major theme in the poem is that of the ‘home’ or homecoming."
}
] |
The Death of the Hired Man is a Robert Frost poem that was for sure published 8 years after it was made.
| 0 | 0 |
The Death of the Hired Man
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niccolò (or Nicolò) Paganini (Italian: [ni(k)koˈlɔ ppaɡaˈniːni] (listen); 27 October 1782 – 27 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
}
] |
wZP5LeLZgG79NOyu50J5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Travelling virtuoso",
"text": "As a result, Paganini began to attract the attention of other prominent, though more conservative, musicians across Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Dramatic portrayals",
"text": "In the Soviet 1982 miniseries Niccolo Paganini, the musician was portrayed by the Armenian actor Vladimir Msryan."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood",
"text": "Niccolò Paganini was born in Genoa, then capital of the Republic of Genoa, the third of the six children of Antonio and Teresa (née Bocciardo) Paganini."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Late career and health decline",
"text": "In September 1834, Paganini put an end to his concert career and returned to Genoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Travelling virtuoso",
"text": "For the next few years, Paganini returned to touring in the areas surrounding Parma and Genoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "The Paganini Competition (Premio Paganini) is an international violin competition created in 1954 in his home city of Genoa and named in his honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early career",
"text": "The French invaded northern Italy in March 1796, and Genoa was not spared."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final years, death, and burial",
"text": "Because of this, and his widely rumored association with the devil, the Church denied his body a Catholic burial in Genoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorials",
"text": "In 1982 the city of Genoa commissioned a thematic catalogue of music by Paganini, edited by Maria Rosa Moretti and Anna Sorrento, hence the abbreviation \"MS\" assigned to his catalogued works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Final years, death, and burial",
"text": "It took four years and an appeal to the Pope before the Church let his body be transported to Genoa, but it was still not buried."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Niccolò (or Nicolò) Paganini (Italian: [ni(k)koˈlɔ ppaɡaˈniːni] (listen); 27 October 1782 – 27 May 1840) was an Italian violinist, violist, guitarist, and composer."
}
] |
Niccolò Paganini was a musician and from Genoa.
| 0 | 0 |
Niccolò Paganini
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
}
] |
wZp90aICGasHXaDu3vSR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In August 2017, the University of Huddersfield renamed one of its campus buildings in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal Life",
"text": "She was married to fellow Cambridge computer scientist Roger Needham until his death in 2003."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Spärck Jones was educated at a grammar school in Huddersfield and then from 1953 to 1956 at Girton College, Cambridge, studying history, with an additional final year in Moral Sciences (philosophy)."
}
] |
Karen Sparck Jones retired in 2002 from Cambridge University.
| 3 | 9 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In Istanbul, MI6 agents James Bond and Eve Moneypenny pursue mercenary Patrice, who has stolen a hard drive containing details of undercover agents."
}
] |
waO7Y7fmnJV2C2GHH8pA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "6 May. Adana stands in for the outskirts of Istanbul."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "The title refers to the name of Bond's childhood home \"Skyfall\", and the setting for the film's finale."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In Istanbul, MI6 agents James Bond and Eve Moneypenny pursue mercenary Patrice, who has stolen a hard drive containing details of undercover agents."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Actually, the scene set in Hashima was filmed on an unnamed island off Macau."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Mendes explained that the shots were a hybrid of set and computer-generated images."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reception | Box office",
"text": "Skyfall set an opening weekend record in Switzerland ($5.3 million) and recorded the second-largest opening weekend of the year for a Hollywood film in India after The Amazing Spider-Man ($5.1 million), as well as grossing $14.3 million on its opening weekend in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Reports from April 2012 suggested that scenes would be set on Hashima, an abandoned island off the coast of Nagasaki, Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They meet Skyfall's gamekeeper Kincade, and together the trio set up a series of booby traps throughout the house."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The first official image from the film was released on 1 February 2012, showing Craig on set at Pinewood within a recreation of a Shanghai skyscraper."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Some Turkish teenagers infiltrated a closed set in railway sidings in Adana, during film rehearsals of the fight on top of a train, before they were caught by security."
}
] |
Skyfall is set in Istanbul.
| 0 | 0 |
Skyfall
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty and associated pacts were named after the Lateran Palace where they were signed on 11 February 1929, and the Italian parliament ratified them on 7 June 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It was ratified on 7 June 1929.The agreements included a political treaty which created the state of the Vatican City and guaranteed full and independent sovereignty to the Holy See."
}
] |
wb0Mm0ANNj75idQKDvQF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1947, the Lateran Treaty was recognized in the Constitution of Italy as regulating the relations between the state and the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Violations",
"text": "The Vatican viewed this as a violation of the Concordat, which gave the church the sole right to regulate marriages involving Catholics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty and associated pacts were named after the Lateran Palace where they were signed on 11 February 1929, and the Italian parliament ratified them on 7 June 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "History | After 1946",
"text": "The Constitution of the Italian Republic, adopted in 1947, states that relations between the State and the Catholic Church \"are regulated by the Lateran Treaties\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "It was ratified on 7 June 1929.The agreements included a political treaty which created the state of the Vatican City and guaranteed full and independent sovereignty to the Holy See."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lateran Treaty (Italian: Patti Lateranensi; Latin: Pacta Lateranensia) was one component of the Lateran Pacts of 1929, agreements between the Kingdom of Italy under Benito Mussolini and the Holy See under Pope Pius XI to settle the long-standing Roman Question."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Holy See, on the grounds of the need for clearly manifested independence from any political power in its exercise of spiritual jurisdiction, had refused to accept the settlement offered in 1871, and the popes thereafter until the signing of the Lateran Treaty considered themselves prisoners in the Vatican, a small, limited area inside Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "Maps of buildings with extraterritorial privilege and exemption from expropriation and taxes (owned by the Holy See but located in Italy and not forming part of Vatican City) Maps of buildings with exemption from expropriation and taxes (but without extraterritorial privilege) A financial convention agreed on as a definitive settlement of the claims of the Holy See following the loss in 1870 of its territories and property"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Negotiations for the settlement of the Roman Question began in 1926 between the government of Italy and the Holy See, and culminated in the agreements of the Lateran Pacts, signed—the Treaty says—for King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy by Prime Minister Benito Mussolini and for Pope Pius XI by Cardinal Secretary Pietro Gasparri, on 11 February 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The treaty recognized Vatican City as an independent state under the sovereignty of the Holy See."
}
] |
The Lateran Treaty gave the Catholic church their own separate city inside of Italy and got its name from the place where everyone came into an agreement with ink.
| 0 | 2 |
Lateran Treaty
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)",
"text": "Jordan later said that the death of his father three months earlier had helped shape his decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)",
"text": "James Jordan was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery, who carjacked his Lexus bearing the license plate \"UNC 0023\"."
}
] |
wbMnCzEezgNmtVcoxwG2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "During the 2001 NBA Finals, Phil Jackson compared Jordan's dominance to Shaquille O'Neal, stating \"Michael would get fouled on every play and still have to play through it and just clear himself for shots instead and would rise to that occasion.\" Jordan's talent was clear from his first NBA season; by November he was being compared to Julius Erving."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born at Cumberland Hospital in the Fort Greene neighborhood of New York City's Brooklyn borough on February 17, 1963, the son of bank employee Deloris (née Peoples) (born 1941) and"
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile",
"text": "Jerry West often stated that he was more impressed with Jordan's defensive contributions than his offensive ones."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Many of Jordan's contemporaries have said that Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)",
"text": "The White Sox were owned by Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf, who continued to honor Jordan's basketball contract during the years he played baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Media figure and business interests | Endorsements",
"text": "One of Jordan's more popular commercials for the shoe involved Spike Lee playing the part of Mars Blackmon."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials MJ, is an American former professional basketball player and the principal owner of the Charlotte Hornets of the National Basketball Association (NBA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "I think it was the exposure of Michael Jordan; the marketing of Michael Jordan."
},
{
"section_header": "College career",
"text": "One of the primary reasons why Jordan was not drafted sooner was because the first two teams were in need of a center."
},
{
"section_header": "Media figure and business interests | Books",
"text": "Rare Air: Michael on Michael (1993) with Mark Vancil and Walter Iooss."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)",
"text": "Jordan later said that the death of his father three months earlier had helped shape his decision."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | First retirement and stint in Minor League Baseball (1993–1994)",
"text": "James Jordan was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery, who carjacked his Lexus bearing the license plate \"UNC 0023\"."
}
] |
Michael Jordan's first break from basketball was spurred on by his dad being hospitalized for cancer.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Jordan
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the bloodiest day in United States history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing."
}
] |
wcFymJtg9xkfACyK7kBN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The results of Antietam also allowed President Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, which gave Confederate states until January 1, 1863, to return or else lose their slaves."
},
{
"section_header": "Prelude to battle | Disposition of armies",
"text": "He arrived at this decision because of the configuration of bridges over the Antietam."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "At 3 p.m., Burnside left Sturgis's division in reserve on the west bank and moved west with over 8,000 troops (most of them fresh) and 22 guns for close support."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The bloodiest battle in American history was Gettysburg, but its more than 46,000 casualties occurred over three days."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Several generals died as a result of the battle, including Maj."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The battle was over by 5:30 p.m."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "The fighting on September 17, 1862, killed 7,650 American soldiers."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Morning phase | Cornfield",
"text": "Although he was a veteran of 40 years' service, he had never led large numbers of soldiers in combat."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Antietam ranks fifth in terms of total casualties in Civil War battles, falling behind Gettysburg, Chickamauga, Chancellorsville, and Spotsylvania Court House."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Afternoon phase | \"Burnside's Bridge\"",
"text": "His officers had neglected to transport ammunition across the bridge, which was itself becoming a bottleneck for soldiers, artillery, and wagons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the bloodiest day in United States history, with a combined tally of 22,717 dead, wounded, or missing."
}
] |
The Battle of Antietam resulted in over 22 thousand soldiers casualties.
| 1 | 1 |
Battle of Antietam
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Lord of the Rings",
"text": "While The Hobbit has been adapted and elaborated upon in many ways, its sequel The Lord of the Rings is often claimed to be its greatest legacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "Tolkien subsequently began work on The New Hobbit, which would eventually become The Lord of the Rings, a course that would not only change the context of the original story, but lead to substantial changes to the character of Gollum."
}
] |
wdEmjvT82cE5IHOyBVsj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Lord of the Rings",
"text": "Many of the thematic and stylistic differences arose because Tolkien wrote The Hobbit as a story for children, and The Lord of the Rings for the same audience, who had subsequently grown up since its publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Lord of the Rings",
"text": "the Scouring of the Shire).The Lord of the Rings contains several more supporting scenes, and has a more sophisticated plot structure, following the paths of multiple characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Lord of the Rings",
"text": "While The Hobbit has been adapted and elaborated upon in many ways, its sequel The Lord of the Rings is often claimed to be its greatest legacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "After an unauthorized paperback edition of The Lord of the Rings appeared from Ace Books in 1965, Houghton Mifflin and Ballantine asked Tolkien to refresh the text of The Hobbit to renew the US copyright."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "Tolkien took the opportunity to align the narrative even more closely to The Lord of the Rings and to cosmological developments from his still unpublished Quenta Silmarillion as it stood at that time."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "In response Tolkien provided drafts for The Silmarillion, but the editors rejected them, believing that the public wanted \"more about hobbits\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | The Lord of the Rings",
"text": "Tolkien wrote the later story in much less humorous tones and infused it with more complex moral and philosophical themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "Tolkien sent this revised version of the chapter \"Riddles in the Dark\" to Unwin as an example of the kinds of changes needed to bring the book into conformity with The Lord of the Rings, but he heard nothing back for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "Tolkien subsequently began work on The New Hobbit, which would eventually become The Lord of the Rings, a course that would not only change the context of the original story, but lead to substantial changes to the character of Gollum."
},
{
"section_header": "Concept and creation | Publication | Revisions",
"text": "In the second edition edits, to reflect the new concept of the One Ring and its corrupting abilities, Tolkien made Gollum more aggressive towards Bilbo and distraught at losing the ring."
}
] |
The Hobbit, written by J.R.R. Tolkien, was the prequel book to his more famous publication, The Lord of the Rings.
| 1 | 2 |
The Hobbit
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herbert Hoover was born on August 10, 1874 in West Branch, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death",
"text": "Then, on October 25, he was buried in West Branch, Iowa, near his presidential library and birthplace on the grounds of the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site."
}
] |
wdc6mjqenKo3bZ8ISFUW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "Hoover and his wife had two children: Herbert Hoover Jr. (born in 1903) and Allan Henry Hoover (born in 1907)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Herbert Hoover was born on August 10, 1874 in West Branch, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death",
"text": "Then, on October 25, he was buried in West Branch, Iowa, near his presidential library and birthplace on the grounds of the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hoover was born to a Quaker family in West Branch, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "While he clearly played important roles in the development of both the progressive and conservative traditions, neither side will embrace him for fear of contamination with the other.\" The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library and Museum is located in West Branch, Iowa next to the Herbert Hoover National Historic Site."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Great Depression | Early policies",
"text": "At the same time, Hoover opposed congressional proposals to provide federal relief to the unemployed, as he believed that such programs were the responsibility of state and local governments and philanthropic organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death",
"text": "Afterwards, Hoover's wife, Lou Henry, who had been buried in Palo Alto, California, following her death in 1944, was re-interred beside him."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency | Death",
"text": "He died on October 20, 1964 in New York City following massive internal bleeding."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency | Great Depression | Later policies",
"text": "The same month the RFC was established, Hoover signed the Federal Home Loan Bank Act, establishing 12 district banks overseen by a Federal Home Loan Bank Board in a manner similar to the Federal Reserve System."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Memorials",
"text": "The Lou Henry and Herbert Hoover House, built in 1919 in Stanford, California, is now the official residence of the president of Stanford University, and a National Historic Landmark."
}
] |
Herbert Hoover was born and buried in the same city.
| 0 | 3 |
Herbert Hoover
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember, and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy."
}
] |
wdcF2jTDYEcN0HcxxH3q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Caine lives in Leatherhead, Surrey, in a house with a movie theatre which cost him £100,000 to build."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2000s",
"text": "Caine is one of the few actors to have played a starring role in two different versions of the same film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played Nigel Powers in the 2002 parody Austin Powers in Goldmember, and Alfred Pennyworth in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir Michael Caine (born Maurice Joseph Micklewhite Jr.; 14 March 1933) is an English actor, producer, and author."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1970s",
"text": "I don't particularly care to throw the ball to an actor and let him improvise, but with Michael it's different."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "This is my Michael Caine impression."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 2010s",
"text": "Caine reprised his role as Alfred Pennyworth in the Batman sequel, The Dark Knight Rises, which was released in July 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | 1970s",
"text": "The Times applauded the \"lovely double act of Caine and Connery, clowning to their doom\", while Huston paid tribute to Caine's improvisation as an actor: \"Michael is one of the most intelligent men among the artists I've known."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "And there was me saying, 'My name is Michael Caine."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Hello. My name is Michael Caine."
}
] |
Michael Caine is an actor that played Alfred in a superhero movie.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Caine
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Television",
"text": "Cena hosted the ESPN ESPY Awards on July 13, 2016, in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Guest appearances",
"text": "He also served as a co-presenter, with Hulk Hogan, at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards, as a guest judge during the third week of the 2006 season of Nashville Star, and appeared at the 2007 Nickelodeon UK Kids Choice Awards."
}
] |
wdgIXjCGlz8xT7BgQTUR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Championships and accomplishments | Other awards and honors",
"text": "USO Legacy of Achievement Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Championships and accomplishments | Other awards and honors",
"text": "Make-A-Wish Foundation Special Recognition Award (for being the first to grant 300 wishes) 2014 Sports Social TV Entertainer of the Year"
},
{
"section_header": "Championships and accomplishments | Other awards and honors",
"text": "Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2012) Springfield College Athletic Hall of Fame inductee (Class of 2015) Make-A-Wish Foundation Chris Greicius Celebrity Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "John Felix Anthony Cena Jr. was born on April 23, 1977, in West Newbury, Massachusetts, the son of Carol (née Lupien) and John Felix Anthony Cena."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional wrestling career | WWE | Free agent (2017–2018)",
"text": "On November 29, it was announced Cena had been awarded the Muhammad Ali Legacy Award Winner by Sports Illustrated."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "\"It's John Cena\". Cena resides in Land O' Lakes, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Philanthropy",
"text": "In 2009, Cena received the Chris Greicius Celebrity Award."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "In mid-2015, Cena was the subject of the Internet meme \"Unexpected John Cena\", also known as simply \"Unexpected Cena\" or"
},
{
"section_header": "Championships and accomplishments | Professional wrestling",
"text": "Worst Worked Match of the Year (2012) vs. John Laurinaitis at Over the Limit"
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Television",
"text": "Cena hosted the ESPN ESPY Awards on July 13, 2016, in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Guest appearances",
"text": "He also served as a co-presenter, with Hulk Hogan, at the 2005 Teen Choice Awards, as a guest judge during the third week of the 2006 season of Nashville Star, and appeared at the 2007 Nickelodeon UK Kids Choice Awards."
}
] |
John Cena has co-hosted an award function.
| 4 | 6 |
John Cena
|
Literature
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo (in Part 2, caballero) Don Quijote de la Mancha, pronounced [el iŋxeˈnjoso iˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈxote ðe la ˈmantʃa] (listen)), or just Don Quixote (, US: , Spanish: [doŋ kiˈxote] (listen)), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes."
}
] |
wdkt2N3BWBFpbZHUK0ba
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 19th-century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer cited Don Quixote as one of the four greatest novels ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Style | Spelling and pronunciation",
"text": "However, as Old Castilian evolved towards modern Spanish, a sound change caused it to be pronounced with a voiceless velar fricative sound (like the Scottish or German ch), and today the Spanish pronunciation of \"Quixote\" is [kiˈxote]."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "Seven years after the Parte Primera appeared, Don Quixote had been translated into French, German, Italian, and English, with the first French translation of 'Part II' appearing in 1618, and the first English translation in 1620."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "1605.The novel was an immediate success."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "\"In 2005, the year of the novel's 400th anniversary, Tom Lathrop published a new English translation of the novel, based on a lifetime of specialized study of the novel and its history."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "The novel is considered a satire of orthodoxy, veracity and even nationalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "It was the most scholarly and accurate English translation of the novel up to that time, but future translator John Ormsby points out in his own introduction to the novel that the Jarvis translation has been criticized as being too stiff."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When first published, Don Quixote was usually interpreted as a comic novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication | English editions in translation",
"text": "Nevertheless, it became the most frequently reprinted translation of the novel until about 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "It stands in a unique position between medieval chivalric romance and the modern novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha (Modern Spanish: El ingenioso hidalgo (in Part 2, caballero) Don Quijote de la Mancha, pronounced [el iŋxeˈnjoso iˈðalɣo ðoŋ kiˈxote ðe la ˈmantʃa] (listen)), or just Don Quixote (, US: , Spanish: [doŋ kiˈxote] (listen)), is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes."
}
] |
The novel is German.
| 3 | 9 |
Don Quixote
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the third son and seventh child of John Henry Parnell (1811–1859), a wealthy Anglo-Irish Anglican landowner, and his American wife Delia Tudor Stewart (1816–1898) of Bordentown, New Jersey, daughter of the American naval hero, Admiral Charles Stewart (the stepson of one of George Washington's bodyguards)."
}
] |
wdulmFSfhHJ2tZ0OHlPb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Charles Stewart Parnell was born in Avondale House, County Wicklow."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Admiral Stewart's mother, Parnell's great-grandmother, belonged to the Tudor family, so Parnell had a distant relationship with the British Royal Family."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Charles Stewart Parnell possessed the remarkable attribute of charisma, was an enigmatic personality and politically gifted, and is regarded as one of the most extraordinary figures in Irish and British politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thus, from birth, Charles Stewart Parnell possessed an extraordinary number of links to many elements of society; he was linked to the old Irish Parliamentary tradition via his great-grandfather and grandfather, to the American War of Independence via his grandfather, to the War of 1812 (where his grandfather Charles Stewart (1778–1869) had been awarded a gold medal by the United States Congress for gallantry in the U.S. Navy)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the third son and seventh child of John Henry Parnell (1811–1859), a wealthy Anglo-Irish Anglican landowner, and his American wife Delia Tudor Stewart (1816–1898) of Bordentown, New Jersey, daughter of the American naval hero, Admiral Charles Stewart (the stepson of one of George Washington's bodyguards)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Stewart Parnell (27 June 1846 – 6 October 1891) was an Irish nationalist politician who served as Leader of the Irish Parliamentary Party from 1882 to 1891 and Leader of the Home Rule League from 1880 to 1882."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Parnell's personal complexities or his perception of a need for political expediency to his goal permitted him to condone the radical republican and atheist Charles Bradlaugh, while he associated himself with the hierarchy of the Catholic Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He held all the reins of Irish nationalism and also harnessed Irish-America to finance the cause."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayal in fiction",
"text": "In Knut Hamsun's 1892 novel Mysteries, the characters, on a couple of occasions, briefly discuss Charles Stewart Parnell, particularly in relation to Gladstone: \"Dr. Stenerson had a high opinion of Parnell, but if Gladstone was so opposed to him, he must know what he was about—with apologies to the host, Mr. Nagel, who couldn't forgive Gladstone for being an honourable man\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Land League leader",
"text": "None of us whether we be in America or in Ireland ... will be satisfied until we have destroyed the last link which keeps Ireland bound to England."
}
] |
Charles Stewart Parnell's mother was from America.
| 2 | 6 |
Charles Stewart Parnell
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Finnegans Wake is a book by Irish writer James Joyce."
}
] |
wdvOD46nFB8zHrkvl66Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written in Paris over a period of seventeen years and published in 1939, Finnegans Wake was Joyce's final work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Finnegans Wake is a book by Irish writer James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Joyce continued to revise all previously published sections until Finnegans Wake's final published form, resulting in the text existing in a number of different forms, to the point that critics can speak of Finnegans Wake being a different entity to Work in Progress."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summaries",
"text": "Finnegans Wake comprises seventeen chapters, divided into four Parts or Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Language and style | Hundred-letter words",
"text": "For [Eric] McLuhan, the total letter count of the above ten words (1001) intentionally corresponds to the One Thousand and One Nights of Middle Eastern folklore, which buttresses the critical interpretation of the Wake as being a book of the night."
},
{
"section_header": "Background and composition",
"text": "Finnegans Wake was published in book form, after seventeen years of composition, on 4 May 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "\" The section of the book to have received the most praise throughout its critical history has been \"Anna Livia Plurabelle\" (I.8), which Parrinder describes as being \"widely recognized as one of the most beautiful prose-poems in English.\" Throughout the seventeen years that Joyce wrote the book, Finnegans Wake was published in short excerpts in a number of literary magazines, most prominently in the Parisian literary journals Transatlantic Review and Eugene Jolas's transition."
},
{
"section_header": "Language and style | Allusions to other works",
"text": "Bishop asserts that \"it is impossible to overlook the vital presence of the Book of the Dead in Finnegans Wake, which refers to ancient Egypt in countless tags and allusions.\" Joyce uses the Book of the Dead in Finnegans Wake, \"because it is a collection of the incantations for the resurrection and rebirth of the dead on the burial\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Chapter summaries | Part II",
"text": "\" The chapter ends with the children's \"nightletter\" to HCE and ALP, in which they are \"apparently united in a desire to overcome their parents.\" II.3 moves to HCE working in the pub below the studying children."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "But it's the most realistic novel ever written."
}
] |
Finnegans Wake is a book written by a person that could be from the United Kingdom.
| 0 | 1 |
Finnegans Wake
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Nirvana (nibbana) literally means \"blowing out\" or \"quenching\"."
}
] |
weVEBZNqrLKK73iTAhJa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "Nirvana (nibbana) literally means \"blowing out\" or \"quenching\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "Moksha is derived from the root muc* (Sanskrit: मुच्) which means free, let go, release, liberate; Moksha means \"liberation, freedom, emancipation of the soul\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "Hence the original meaning of the word is \"blown out, extinguished\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "It was later adopted by other Indian religions, but with different meanings and description (Moksha), such as in the Hindu text Bhagavad Gita of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "In the Vedas and early Upanishads, the word mucyate (Sanskrit: मुच्यते) appears, which means to be set free or release - such as of a horse from its harness."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "Uttaradhyana Sutra provides an account of Sudharman – also called Gautama, and one of the disciples of Mahavira – explaining the meaning of nirvana to Kesi, a disciple of Parshva."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word nirvāṇa, states Steven Collins, is from the verbal root vā \"blow\" in the form of past participle vāna \"blown\", prefixed with the preverb nis meaning \"out\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Brahma-nirvana in the Bhagavad Gita",
"text": "According to Mahatma Gandhi, the Hindu and Buddhist understanding of nirvana are different because the nirvana of the Buddhists is shunyata, emptiness, but the nirvana of the Gita means peace and that is why it is described as brahma-nirvana (oneness with Brahman)."
}
] |
It literally means "blowing out" or "quenching".
| 1 | 4 |
Nirvana
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk (, October 10, 1917 – February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including \"'Round Midnight\", \"Blue Monk\", \"Straight, No Chaser\", \"Ruby, My Dear\", \"In Walked Bud\", and \"Well, You Needn't\"."
}
] |
wfGrlvbWavcEUG4wAoqp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk: Dreaming of the Masters Series Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk was born two years after his sister Marion on October 10, 1917, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and was the son of Thelonious and Barbara Monk."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1947–1952: Lorraine Gordon",
"text": "Monk was showcased at the club for a week, but not a single person came."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk (, October 10, 1917 – February 17, 1982) was an American jazz pianist and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Monk was one of several artists Leary wanted to recruit for his studies on the effects of psilocybin in creative individuals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also noted for an idiosyncratic habit during performances: while other musicians continued playing, Monk would stop, stand up, and dance for a few moments before returning to the piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1971–1982: Later life and death",
"text": "Bassist McKibbon, who had known Monk for over twenty years and played on his final tour in 1971, later said: \"On that tour, Monk said about two words."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "In 1922, the family moved to the Phipps Houses, 243 West 63rd Street, in Manhattan, New York City; the neighborhood was known as San Juan Hill because of the many African-American veterans of the Spanish–American War who lived there (urban renewal displaced the long-time residents of the community, who saw their neighborhood replaced by the Amsterdam Housing Projects and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, though the Phipps Houses remained)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1952–1954: Prestige Records",
"text": "As well as performing at concerts, he recorded a solo piano session for French radio (later issued as an album by Disques Vogue)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "It also did not list his middle name, taken from his maternal grandfather, Sphere Batts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He had a unique improvisational style and made numerous contributions to the standard jazz repertoire, including \"'Round Midnight\", \"Blue Monk\", \"Straight, No Chaser\", \"Ruby, My Dear\", \"In Walked Bud\", and \"Well, You Needn't\"."
}
] |
Thelonious Sphere Monk came to be well known for his creative tap dancing moves.
| 0 | 0 |
Thelonious Monk
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mercury spent most of his childhood in India where he began taking piano lessons at the age of seven while living with relatives."
}
] |
wfoIr56Nts4LVqDMKS03
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Mercury spent most of his childhood in India where he began taking piano lessons at the age of seven while living with relatives."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "The site of the discovery is very near to where Mercury spent most of his childhood."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in 1946 in Zanzibar to Parsi-Indian parents, he attended English-style boarding schools in India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after secondary school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1964, Mercury and his family fled from Zanzibar to escape the violence of the revolution against the Sultan of Zanzibar and his mainly Arab government, in which thousands of ethnic Arabs and Indians were killed."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "His coffin was carried into the chapel to the sounds of \"Take My Hand, Precious Lord\"/\"You've Got a Friend\" by Aretha Franklin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1964, his family fled the Zanzibar Revolution, moving to Middlesex, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In February 1963 he moved back to Zanzibar where he joined his parents at their flat."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Songwriting",
"text": "He wrote most of his songs on the piano and used a wide variety of key signatures."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Voice",
"text": "The Who lead singer Roger Daltrey described Mercury as \"the best virtuoso rock 'n' roll singer of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "A friend recalls that he had \"an uncanny ability to listen to the radio and replay what he heard on piano\"."
}
] |
The singer spent most of his childhood in Zanzibar where he bagan taking piano lessons.
| 0 | 1 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American romantic drama war film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones and from a story by Nancy Dowd."
}
] |
wfqX8ETbZPkzk6cVfBKj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "They were united by their opposition to the Vietnam War and by their concern for the veterans who were returning to America and facing difficulties adapting to life back home."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, she remains loyal to her husband, and both she and Luke know that their relationship will have to end when her Bob returns home."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home was theatrically released on February 15, 1978 to critical and commercial success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Coming Home is a 1978 American romantic drama war film directed by Hal Ashby from a screenplay written by Waldo Salt and Robert C. Jones and from a story by Nancy Dowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Coming Home premiered at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival, where Voight won the award for Best Actor for his performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Coming Home was conceived by Jane Fonda as the first feature for her own production company, IPC Films (for Indochina Peace Campaign), with her associate producer Bruce Gilbert, a friend from her protest days."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "With nothing else to do, she decides to volunteer at a local veterans' (VA) hospital, partially inspired by her bohemian friend Vi Munson, whose brother Billy has come home after just two weeks in Vietnam with grave emotional problems and now resides in the VA hospital."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Bob does return, too soon, claiming that he had accidentally wounded himself in the leg."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Originally, Dowd's story, tentatively titled Buffalo Ghosts, focused on two women, volunteers at a veterans' hospital, who must come to grips with the emotional toll that the war takes on its casualties and their families."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "American Film Institute lists AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies –"
}
] |
Coming Home is a comedy movie about a soldier returning home from war.
| 0 | 0 |
Coming Home (1978 film)
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Today, many believe Lazzeri's fall was caused by an epileptic seizure rather than a heart attack."
}
] |
wgfnM6aIGWE8djhwWc1u
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Lazzeri is also the only player in major league baseball to hit a natural cycle with the final home run being a grand slam on June 3, 1932.The Veterans Committee elected Lazzeri to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Anthony Michael Lazzeri (December 6, 1903 – August 6, 1946) was an Italian-American professional baseball second baseman during the 1920s and 1930s, predominantly with the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Today, many believe Lazzeri's fall was caused by an epileptic seizure rather than a heart attack."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Yankees",
"text": "Lazzeri debuted in the major leagues in 1926 as a member of the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "A friend of Lazzeri convinced Duffy Lewis, who managed the Salt Lake City Bees of the Pacific Coast League (PCL), to allow Lazzeri to tryout for the team in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a member of the original American League All-Star team in 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lazzeri is one of only 14 major league baseball players to hit for the natural cycle (hitting a single, double, triple and home run in sequence) and the only player to complete a natural cycle with a grand slam."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Lazzeri batted .248 with 14 home runs in 135 games for Peoria, before being recalled to Salt Lake City."
},
{
"section_header": "Minor league career",
"text": "Lazzeri made the team, earning $250 a month ($3,819 in current dollar terms) as a utility infielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After playing in minor league baseball from 1922 through 1925, Lazzeri joined the Yankees in 1926."
}
] |
A seizure disorder kept Tony Lazzeri from being picked by some major league baseball teams.
| 1 | 5 |
Tony Lazzeri
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox."
}
] |
wgwfRX11a51lc2JHpxEb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | Murderers' Row (1926–1928)",
"text": "The friend relayed a promise from Ruth (who did not know the boy) that he would hit a home run for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Sale to New York",
"text": "Frazee sold the rights to Babe Ruth for $100,000, the largest sum ever paid for a baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "There were other changes in the Red Sox organization that offseason, as Lannin sold the team to a three-man group headed by New York theatrical promoter Harry Frazee."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Sale to New York",
"text": "That play did not open until 1925, however, by which time Frazee had sold the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Sale to New York",
"text": "Nevertheless, on December 26, 1919, Frazee sold Ruth's contract to the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After that season, Red Sox owner Harry Frazee sold Ruth to the Yankees amid controversy."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement",
"text": "Ruth got along well with everyone except team captain Leo Durocher, who was hired as Grimes' replacement at season's end."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1914, Ruth was signed to play minor-league baseball for the Baltimore Orioles but was soon sold to the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Minor league, Baltimore Orioles",
"text": "The Cincinnati Reds and New York Giants expressed interest in Ruth, but Dunn sold his contract, along with those of pitchers Ernie Shore and Ben Egan, to the Boston Red Sox of the American League (AL) on July 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "As of November 2016, the most expensive piece of sports memorabilia ever sold is Ruth's 1920 Yankees jersey, which sold for $4,415,658 in 2012 (equivalent to $4.92 million in 2019)."
}
] |
Everyone knows that Babe Ruth was sold to the New York Yankees, but not everyone knows that he was sold to the Boston Red Sox before that.
| 3 | 8 |
Babe Ruth
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in the city of Cusco."
}
] |
whTsaNeMOAGFHKCyDOzk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Organization of the empire",
"text": "Both Cusco as a district and the four suyu as administrative regions were grouped into upper hanan and lower hurin divisions."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and consolidation",
"text": "At its height, the Inca Empire included Peru, western and south central Bolivia, southwest Ecuador and a large portion of what is today Chile, north of the Maule River."
},
{
"section_header": "Arts and technology | Monumental architecture",
"text": "This process was first used on a large scale by the Pucara (c. 300 BC–AD 300) peoples to the south in Lake Titicaca and later in the city of Tiwanaku (c. AD 400–1100) in present-day Bolivia."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The Incas were a very small percentage of the total population of the empire, probably numbering only 15,000 to 40,000, but ruling a population of around 10 million people."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At its largest, the empire joined Peru, western Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, a large portion of what is today Chile, and the southwesternmost tip of Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origin",
"text": "The Inca people were a pastoral tribe in the Cusco area around the 12th century."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reorganization and formation",
"text": "The ruler's children were brought to Cusco to learn about Inca administration systems, then return to rule their native lands."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Inca Empire (Quechua: Tawantinsuyu, lit. \" The Four Regions\"), also known as the Incan Empire and the Inka Empire, was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Expansion and consolidation",
"text": "The Inca Empire was an amalgamation of languages, cultures and peoples."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The administrative, political and military center of the empire was located in the city of Cusco."
}
] |
The Inca Empire was a large group of people in South America the was ruled from Cusco.
| 0 | 0 |
Inca Empire
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, in this respect, the play is generally regarded as a masterwork."
}
] |
whZ7mLlUjIwwMe5FNxBG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When it first appeared, The Lower Depths was criticized for its pessimism and ambiguous ethical message."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lower Depths (Russian: На дне, Na dne, literally: 'At the bottom') is perhaps the best known of Maxim Gorky's plays."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1947 : The Chinese film, Night Inn (夜店) by director Huang Zuolin, is based on Ke Ling's Chinese theatrical adaptation of The Lower Depths."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The characters of The Lower Depths are said to have been inspired by the denizens of the Bugrov Homeless Shelter (Russian: The characters of The Lower Depths are said to have been inspired by the denizens of the Bugrov Homeless Shelter (Russian: Бугровская ночлежка, Bugrovskaya nochlezhka) in Nizhny Novgorod, which had been built in 1880–83 by the Old Believer grain merchant and philanthropist Nikolai Alexandrovich Bugrov (Russian: Николай Александрович Бугров) (1837–1911) in memory of his father, A. P. Bugrov."
},
{
"section_header": "Film versions",
"text": "1957: Japanese film director Akira Kurosawa, adapted the story into the film Donzoko (The Lower Depths), starring Toshiro Mifune, in which the characters have been moved to Edo period Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The presentation of the lower classes was viewed as overly dark and unredemptive, and Gorky was clearly more interested in creating memorable characters than in advancing a formal plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, in this respect, the play is generally regarded as a masterwork."
}
] |
The Lower Depths was not well received.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lower Depths
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1971–1982: Later life and death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on February 17, 1982, and was buried in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York."
}
] |
wi27ahwPPPle4DBbkwOG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Technique and playing style",
"text": "He often attacked the keyboard anew for each note, rather than striving for any semblance of legato."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1947–1952: Lorraine Gordon",
"text": "In February 1948, she wrote to Ralph Ingersoll, the editor of the newspaper PM, and described Monk as \"a genius living here in the heart of New York, whom nobody knows\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk: Dreaming of the Masters Series Vol."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1917–1933: Early life",
"text": "Thelonious Sphere Monk was born two years after his sister Marion on October 10, 1917, in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and was the son of Thelonious and Barbara Monk."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1955–1961: Riverside Records",
"text": "He willingly recorded two albums of jazz standards as a means of increasing his profile: Thelonious Monk Plays Duke Ellington (1955) and The Unique Thelonious Monk (1956)."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and accolades",
"text": "The Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz was established in 1986 by the Monk family and Maria Fisher."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "That's The Way I Feel Now: A Tribute to Thelonious Monk (1984),"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Brilliant Corners: The Music of Thelonious Monk (1997) by Bill Holman"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Green Chimneys: The Music of Thelonious Monk (1999) by Andy Summers"
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes | Tribute albums",
"text": "Thelonious : Fred Hersch Plays Monk (1997) by Fred Hersch"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | 1971–1982: Later life and death",
"text": "He died of a stroke on February 17, 1982, and was buried in Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York."
}
] |
Thelonious Monk passed from a heart attack and was cremated.
| 0 | 0 |
Thelonious Monk
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Rip Van Winkle\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving, first published in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows a Dutch-American villager in colonial America named Rip Van Winkle who meets mysterious Dutchmen, imbibes their liquor and falls asleep in the Catskill Mountains."
}
] |
wiXdmacYOF5qCOLipNtj
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Themes and literary forerunners",
"text": "He finds some men drinking in the woods and, after drinking some of their wine, he falls asleep."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Instead, he begins to drink some of their liquor and soon falls asleep."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Rip Van Winkle\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving, first published in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "The Looney Tunes cartoon, Have You Got Any Castles? (1938), depicts Rip Van Winkle trying to fall asleep in a cuckoo clock."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "In it, Fred falls asleep at the Slate Company picnic and dreams he has awakened 20 years in the future as an old man."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "Rip Van Winkle (1978), a claymation version of the story produced and directed by Will Vinton, was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It follows a Dutch-American villager in colonial America named Rip Van Winkle who meets mysterious Dutchmen, imbibes their liquor and falls asleep in the Catskill Mountains."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Comics",
"text": "Eventually Donald falls asleep and \"returns\" to 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "Fred remarks that, \"Maybe I have fallen asleep for 20 years like in that Rip Van Winklestone story.\" The story was parodied in an episode of the Laurel and Hardy cartoon series entitled \"Flipped Van Winkles\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and literary forerunners",
"text": "The Hindu story of Muchukunda from the Bhagavatam also displays many similarities to the story of \"Rip Van Winkle\"."
}
] |
Rip van Winkle is a short story about a man who falls asleep after drinking.
| 0 | 0 |
Rip van Winkle
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story relates his early life at Larch's orphanage in Maine and follows Homer as he eventually leaves the nest and comes of age in the world."
}
] |
wj4ErOg2JJmYVKC6MIqy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Cider House Rules (1985) is a novel by American writer John Irving, a Bildungsroman, which was later adapted into a film (1999) and a stage play by Peter Parnell."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The name \"The Cider House Rules\" refers to the list of rules that the migrant workers are supposed to follow at the Ocean View Orchards."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The story about Wally being shot down over Burma was based in part on that of Irving's biological father (whom he never met), who had been shot down over Burma and survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story, set in the pre– and post–"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "However, none of them can read, and they are completely unaware of the rules - which have been posted for years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The story relates his early life at Larch's orphanage in Maine and follows Homer as he eventually leaves the nest and comes of age in the world."
}
] |
The Cider House Rules was inspired from John Irving's own story.
| 1 | 4 |
The Cider House Rules
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Chart records, sales, and awards | Awards",
"text": "Alabama is the most awarded band in the history of country music, with over 200 awards from a variety of organizations."
}
] |
wj7HfEQCFf0ntQGXY6ZN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chart records, sales, and awards | Awards",
"text": "In addition, Alabama has also received the NARM Gift of Music award, the Alabama Hall of Fame Distinguished Service award, the Country Radio Broadcasters Humanitarian Award, the Prince Matchabelli National Hero Award, the Bob Hope Humanitarian Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Chart records, sales, and awards | Awards",
"text": "Alabama is the most awarded band in the history of country music, with over 200 awards from a variety of organizations."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–2004: Decline in popularity and Farewell tour",
"text": "Owen spoke then on the decision to part ways: \"When you get down to it, there are many, many factors involved — some of them very personal."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2004–present: Reunions",
"text": "The band did not sue Herndon until he requested money from the multiple live albums and songs that the band had released but never paid Herndon for playing on."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alabama's biggest success came in the 1980s, where the band had over 27 number one hits, seven multi-platinum albums and received numerous awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Chart records, sales, and awards | Awards",
"text": "The group won the CMA's prestigious Entertainer of the Year award for three consecutive years (1982–84), and the ACM's Entertainer of the Year award five times (1982–86)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–87: Mainstream success and superstardom",
"text": "The group received a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, for Mountain Music."
},
{
"section_header": "Chart records, sales, and awards | Awards",
"text": "It also won the ACM's Vocal Group of the Year award, and Billboard's New Group of the Year honors."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Impact",
"text": "Many Alabama singles and albums represented crossover appeal on the pop charts."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–87: Mainstream success and superstardom",
"text": "The quintet performed on the 1981 Country Music Association Awards, where it received both Instrumental Group of the Year and Vocal Group of the Year."
}
] |
The band never received many awards.
| 0 | 0 |
Alabama (band)
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India | Attempt to murder Akbar",
"text": "Around 1564 is also when there was an assassination attempt on Akbar documented in a painting."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India | Attempt to murder Akbar",
"text": "The attempt was made when Akbar was returning from a visit to the dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin near Delhi, by an assassin shooting an arrow."
}
] |
wjK3vHJ1pZMb1M2Zbijy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On 3 October 1605, Akbar fell ill with an attack of dysentery from which he never recovered."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquests in the Indus Valley",
"text": "Finally, in June, 1589, Akbar himself travelled from Lahore to Srinagar to receive the surrender of Yaqub and his rebel forces."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquest of Rajputana",
"text": "Rana Pratap Singh, however, continuously attacked Mughals and was able to retain most of the kingdom of his ancestors in the life of Akbar."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India",
"text": "Baz Bahadur survived as a refugee at various courts until, eight years later in 1570, he took service under Akbar."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accounts | Personality",
"text": "Ain-e-Akbari mentions that during his travels and also while at home, Akbar drank water from the Ganges river, which he called 'the water of immortality'."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Struggle for North India",
"text": "Akbar made a triumphant entry into Delhi, where he stayed for a month."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquest of Rajputana",
"text": "Akbar had the surviving defenders and 30,000 non-combatants massacred and their heads displayed upon towers erected throughout the region, in order to demonstrate his authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Conquest of Rajputana",
"text": "The fall of Chittorgarh was followed up by a Mughal attack on the Ranthambore Fort in 1568."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India | Attempt to murder Akbar",
"text": "The attempt was made when Akbar was returning from a visit to the dargah of Hazrat Nizamuddin near Delhi, by an assassin shooting an arrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "She was entitled Mariam-uz-Zamani after giving birth to Akbar's eldest surviving son, Prince Salim (the future emperor Jahangir)."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Expansion into Central India | Attempt to murder Akbar",
"text": "Around 1564 is also when there was an assassination attempt on Akbar documented in a painting."
}
] |
Akbar survived a deadly attack when he was traveling to Delhi.
| 2 | 8 |
Akbar
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When her family moved to Reedsburg, Wisconsin, she taught public school for five years in Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin, while she also earned a master's degree in English and public speaking at the University of Wisconsin (now the University of Wisconsin–Madison)."
}
] |
wjgY31Z8fqTKit9U2It8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer",
"text": "Throughout her career, Moorehead skillfully portrayed puritanical matrons, neurotic spinsters, possessive mothers, and comical secretaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Radio",
"text": "During the 946-episode run of Suspense, Moorehead was cast in more episodes than any other actor or actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Moorehead bequeathed $25,000 to Muskingum College, with instructions to fund one or more \"Agnes Moorehead Scholarships\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "She married actor Robert Gist in 1954, and they divorced in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "In 1930, Moorehead married actor John Griffith Lee; they divorced a year after fostering a boy named Sean in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Theater",
"text": "She continued acting in the theater throughout her career until just a few months before her death."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer",
"text": "Moorehead explained that MGM usually refused to allow their actors to appear on radio as \"the actors didn't have the knowledge or the taste or the judgment to appear on the right sort of show.\" In 1943–1944, Moorehead portrayed \"matronly housekeeper Mrs. Mullet\", who was constantly offering her \"candied opinion\", in the Mutual Broadcasting System's The Adventures of Leonidas Witherall; she inaugurated the role on CBS Radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother indulged her active imagination, often asking, \"Who are you today, Agnes?\" while Moorehead and her younger sister Peggy (born Margaret Ann; 1906-1929) engaged in mimicry."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Bewitched",
"text": "The role brought her a level of recognition that she had not received before as Bewitched was in the top 10 programs for the first few years it aired."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Agnes Robertson Moorehead was born on December 6, 1900 in Clinton, Massachusetts, the daughter of former singer Mary (née McCauley; 1883–1990), who was 17 when she was born, and Presbyterian clergyman John Henderson Moorehead (1869–1938)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When her family moved to Reedsburg, Wisconsin, she taught public school for five years in Soldiers Grove, Wisconsin, while she also earned a master's degree in English and public speaking at the University of Wisconsin (now the University of Wisconsin–Madison)."
}
] |
Before Agnes Moorehead was a professional actor, she was a secretary.
| 0 | 0 |
Agnes Moorehead
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was also nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture."
}
] |
wk1956gx00GZrDyWgrFb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Later, she says the idea was not well received."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Tess McGill is a working-class girl from Staten Island with a bachelor's degree in business from evening classes."
},
{
"section_header": "Home media",
"text": "Working Girl was released on DVD in Widescreen format on April 17, 2001 by 20th Century Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Television",
"text": "Working Girl was also made into a short-lived NBC television series in 1990, starring Sandra Bullock as Tess McGill."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Griffith was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress, while both Weaver and Joan Cusack were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was also nominated for Academy Award for Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Working Girl is a 1988 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Mike Nichols and starring Melanie Griffith, Harrison Ford and Sigourney Weaver."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Reception",
"text": "Janet Maslin, in her review for The New York Times, wrote, \"Mike Nichols, who directed Working Girl, also displays an uncharacteristically blunt touch, and in its later stages the story remains lively but seldom has the perceptiveness or acuity of Mr. Nichols's best work\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Reception",
"text": "The site's consensus is; \"A buoyant corporate Cinderella story, Working Girl has the right cast, right story, and right director to make it all come together.\" and a 73 score at Metacritic."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction | Reception",
"text": "Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars and wrote, \"The plot of Working Girl is put together like clockwork."
}
] |
Working Girl didn't receive any nominations for the Oscars.
| 0 | 2 |
Working Girl
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cather was praised for bringing the American West to life and making it personally interesting."
}
] |
wlCHLPfaUtUVA13IW4Vh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He attends the new state university in Lincoln, where his mind is opened to a new intellectual life."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He becomes an attorney for one of the western railroads."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to the novel",
"text": "\"In Barbara Kingsolver's 2018 novel Unsheltered, a main character is named Willa, after Willa Cather."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "The adaptation was written by Celebration Company member Jarrett Dapier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cather was praised for bringing the American West to life and making it personally interesting."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and literary significance",
"text": "Cather was praised for bringing the American West to life and making it personally interesting."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Articles",
"text": "689–717 Prchal, Tim (2004) \"The Bohemian Paradox: My Antonia and Popular Images of Czech Immigrants\" MELUS (Society for the Study of the Multi- Ethnic Literature of the United States) 29(2) : pp."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Articles",
"text": "3–25 Tellefsen, Blythe (1999) \"Blood in the Wheat: Willa Cather's My Antonia\" Studies in American Fiction 27(2): pp. 229–244"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Articles",
"text": "676–690 Millington, Richard H. (1994) \"Willa Cather and \"The Storyteller\": Hostility to the Novel in My Ántonia"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Articles",
"text": "-8147-4175-4 Fischer, Mike (1990) \"Pastoralism and Its Discontents: Willa Cather and the Burden of Imperialism"
}
] |
My Antonia was written by Willa Cather, who is known for her intimate portrayal of life in the Western states.
| 2 | 5 |
My Antonia
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Much of the narrative is set in the San Francisco Bay Area, including events in San Francisco and Sonoma County."
}
] |
wlKX06gLV5YLoCbf55BD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The novel has been adapted into two Russian films: The Iron Heel (1919) and The Iron Heel of Oligarchy (1999)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In The Iron Heel, Jack London's socialist views are explicitly on display."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "\"Chapter 7 of The Iron Heel is an almost verbatim copy of an ironic essay by Frank Harris (see Jack London § Plagiarism accusations)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Much of the narrative is set in the San Francisco Bay Area, including events in San Francisco and Sonoma County."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The Manuscript itself covers the years 1912 through 1932 in which the Oligarchy (or \"Iron Heel\") arose in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is unusual among London's writings (and in the literature of the time in general) in being a first-person narrative of a woman protagonist written by a man."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "\"Harry Bridges, influential labor leader in the mid-1900s, was \"set afire\" by Jack London's The Sea-Wolf and The Iron Heel."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "The Iron Heel is cited by George Orwell's biographer Michael Shelden as having influenced Orwell's most famous novel Nineteen Eighty-Four."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "Granville Hicks, reviewing Kurt Vonnegut's Player Piano, was reminded of The Iron Heel: \"we are taken into the future and shown an America ruled by a tiny oligarchy, and here too there is a revolt that fails."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences and effects",
"text": "London's novella The Scarlet Plague (1912), and some of his short stories, are placed in a dystopian future setting that closely resembles that of The Iron Heel, although there is no actual continuity of situations or characters."
}
] |
A big part of the narrative of The Iron Heel happens in Los Angeles, California.
| 0 | 4 |
The Iron Heel
|
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