category
stringclasses 9
values | correct_votes
int64 0
12
| gold_evidence
list | id
stringlengths 20
20
| label
stringclasses 2
values | retrieved_evidence
list | text
stringlengths 16
429
| total_likes
int64 0
7
| total_votes
int64 0
13
| wikipedia_page
stringlengths 3
49
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hunter was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Opal Marguerite (née Catledge), a housewife, and Charles Edwin Hunter, a farmer and sporting-goods manufacturer's representative."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hunter earned a degree in drama from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and for a while performed in the theatre scene there, playing ingenue roles at City Theatre, then named the City Players."
}
] |
wlOIUpk6ucXzbZHrTOpd
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "Hunter is irreligious. In 2016, Hunter was awarded an Honorary Doctorate degree by her alma mater, Carnegie Mellon University."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hunter earned a degree in drama from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and for a while performed in the theatre scene there, playing ingenue roles at City Theatre, then named the City Players."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Holly Patricia Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "She eventually moved to New York City and roomed with fellow actress Frances McDormand."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "Hunter was born in Conyers, Georgia, the daughter of Opal Marguerite (née Catledge), a housewife, and Charles Edwin Hunter, a farmer and sporting-goods manufacturer's representative."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "The following year found Hunter in the redemption drama Levity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hunter has been in a relationship with British actor Gordon MacDonald since 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "On May 30, 2008, Hunter received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage and film",
"text": "It was just the two of us.\" Hunter made her film debut in the 1981 slasher movie The Burning."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Hunter is unable to hear with her left ear due to a childhood case of the mumps."
}
] |
Hunter was born in Louisiana and started off loving theater, eventually getting a degree from Tulane University.
| 2 | 6 |
Holly Hunter
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time."
}
] |
wlPkOHNmiNhOKbLSCMoA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "It is also the eighth biggest-selling album by any type of artist in the US and the top selling country album in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and is the sixth best-selling female artist in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Altogether, Twain is ranked as the 10th best-selling artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "The album stayed on the charts for the next two years, going on to sell 40 million copies worldwide, making it the biggest-selling album of all time by a female musician."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her third studio album, Come On Over (1997), became the best-selling studio album of all time by a female act in any genre and the best-selling country album, selling nearly 40 million copies worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "It became the biggest selling album of the year in Great Britain and a bestseller in other big European markets as well, selling more than one million copies in Germany and nearly 4 million in the UK alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2002–2004: Up!",
"text": "In Germany, Up! was certified 4x platinum and stayed in the Top 100 for one and a half years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "Although \"You're Still The One\" and the pop version of \" From This Moment On\" cracked the Top 10 of the UK charts and"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "Songs from the album won four Grammy Awards during this time, including Best Country Song and Best Female Country Performance (for \"You're Still the One\" and \"Man!"
}
] |
Shania Twain is considered one of the top selling artists of all time.
| 0 | 0 |
Shania Twain
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Cox played two seasons, mostly at third base, for the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Cox has been named Manager of the Year four times (1985, 1991, 2004, 2005) and is one of only four managers to have won the award in both the American and National League."
}
] |
wlYCfECDK9BfedaVVDUH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robert Joe Cox (born May 21, 1941) is an American former professional baseball third baseman and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He holds the all-time record for ejections in Major League Baseball with 158 (plus an additional three post-season ejections), a record previously held by John McGraw."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cox ranks fourth on the baseball all-time managerial wins list."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "On September 17, 2010, Cox was ejected for the 158th time in his Major League coaching career during the second inning of a Braves game against the New York Mets; he currently holds the all-time record for most ejections (set on August 14, 2007 with his 132nd), previously held by John McGraw."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Cox's .561 winning percentage is fourteenth in all-time among managers with at least 1,000 games managed, and is the second highest among those who managed the majority of their career after the creation of divisions within each league in 1969."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Cox reached career win number 2,500 on September 25, 2010, becoming only the fourth manager in Major League history to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "Cox has been named Manager of the Year four times (1985, 1991, 2004, 2005) and is one of only four managers to have won the award in both the American and National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Atlanta Braves (1978–1981)",
"text": "Asked at a press conference who was on his short list for manager, Turner replied, \"It would be Bobby Cox if I hadn't just fired him."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "On May 12, 2007, Cox passed Sparky Anderson to become the fourth-winningest manager in major league history, with a record of 2,195 wins and 1,698 losses."
},
{
"section_header": "Accomplishments",
"text": "On June 8, 2009, Cox won his 2,000th game with the Atlanta Braves, becoming only the fourth manager in Major League history to accomplish that feat with one team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Cox played two seasons, mostly at third base, for the Yankees."
}
] |
Bobby Cox spent most of his time in major league baseball as a manager.
| 0 | 0 |
Bobby Cox
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "I the following year , he returned to England to serve in the London Scottish Regiment, alongside fellow actors Basil Rathbone, Ronald Colman, Herbert Marshall and Cedric Hardwicke."
}
] |
wlZWLUMqiQLVaE771Rqh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "William Claude Rains was born on 10 November 1889 in Clapham, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Claude Rains (10 November 1889 – 30 May 1967) was a British-American film and stage actor whose career spanned almost seven decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His parents were Emily Eliza (née Cox) and the stage actor Frederick William Rains."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "Claude Rains was one of my teachers at RADA."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Claude Rains: truly a class act, on and off screen."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "Tree told Rains that in order to succeed as an actor, he would have to get rid of his Cockney accent and speech impediment."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Because his father was an actor, the young Rains would spend time in theatres and was surrounded by actors and stagehands."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "he was already much in demand as a character actor in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Bette Davis often cited Rains as one of her favorite actors and colleagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "\" Soon after changing his accent, he became recognised as one of the leading stage actors in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career and military service",
"text": "I the following year , he returned to England to serve in the London Scottish Regiment, alongside fellow actors Basil Rathbone, Ronald Colman, Herbert Marshall and Cedric Hardwicke."
}
] |
Actor William Claude Rains was in the military.
| 0 | 0 |
Claude Rains
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Prince Myshkin, a young man in his mid-twenties and a descendant of one of the oldest Russian lines of nobility, is on a train to Saint Petersburg on a cold November morning."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "He is returning to Russia having spent the past four years in a Swiss clinic for treatment of a severe epileptic condition."
}
] |
wljBMDNqqZ3IMsgJutZE
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "Most of the other characters at one time or another refer to him disparagingly as an 'idiot', but nearly all of them are deeply affected by him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Major characters",
"text": "Nastasya Filippovna, the main female protagonist, is darkly beautiful, intelligent, fierce and mocking, an intimidating figure to most of the other characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 4",
"text": "The following morning he takes the first train to Petersburg and goes to Rogozhin's house, but he is told by servants that there is no one there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Frank describes The Idiot as \"the most personal of all Dostoevsky's major works, the book in which he embodies his most intimate, cherished, and sacred convictions."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Nonetheless, in January 1868 the first chapters of The Idiot were sent off to The Russian Messenger."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "When it comes to Totsky's turn he tells a long but innocuous anecdote from the distant past."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Other characters",
"text": "He also tries to compete with Myshkin for Aglaya's affections."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In October 2011, the Estonian director Rainer Sarnet adapted the book to a feature film The Idiot, starring Risto Kübar as Prince Myshkin."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "He is returning to Russia having spent the past four years in a Swiss clinic for treatment of a severe epileptic condition."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 3",
"text": "He tries to attack her but Myshkin restrains him, for which he is violently pushed."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part 1",
"text": "Prince Myshkin, a young man in his mid-twenties and a descendant of one of the oldest Russian lines of nobility, is on a train to Saint Petersburg on a cold November morning."
}
] |
The Idiot is a book in 5 parts. In part one the main character is trying to learn about his past but has to learn to read first.
| 1 | 4 |
The Idiot
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is a satire on Victorian society."
}
] |
wluUWisjiNRwsUlIRb0T
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Erewhon: or, Over the Range () is a novel by Samuel Butler which was first published anonymously in 1872, set in a fictional country discovered and explored by the protagonist."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "As a satirical utopia, Erewhon has sometimes been compared to Gulliver's Travels (1726), a classic novel by Jonathan Swift; the image of Utopia in this latter case also bears strong parallels with the self-view of the British Empire at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The book is a satire on Victorian society."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "It can also be compared to the William Morris novel, News from Nowhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In a 1945 broadcast, George Orwell praised the book and said that when Butler wrote Erewhon it needed \"imagination of a very high order to see that machinery could be dangerous as well as useful.\" He recommended the novel, though not its sequel, Erewhon Revisited."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "The Butlerian Jihad' is the name of the crusade to wipeout 'thinking machines' in the novel, Dune, by Frank Herbert. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Other uses",
"text": "Despite the slightly different spelling, the episode writer Frank Cottrell-Boyce confirmed that this was a reference to Butler's novel. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The first few chapters of the novel dealing with the discovery of Erewhon are in fact based on Butler's own experiences in New Zealand, where, as a young man, he worked as a sheep farmer on Mesopotamia Station for about four years (1860–64), and explored parts of the interior of the South Island and which he wrote about in his A First Year in Canterbury Settlement (1863)."
},
{
"section_header": "Content",
"text": "The greater part of the book consists of a description of Erewhon."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and legacy | Deleuze and Guattari",
"text": "In Difference and Repetition (1968), Deleuze refers to what he calls \"Ideas\" as \"Erewhon\"."
}
] |
The 1872 novel Erewhon is a satire.
| 0 | 0 |
Erewhon
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in a near-future New England, in a totalitarian state, known as Gilead, that has overthrown the United States government."
}
] |
wlwkVyuvV7ARetlfs35x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Setting",
"text": "The novel is set in an indeterminate dystopian future, speculated to be around the year 2005, with a fundamentalist theonomy ruling the territory of what had been the United States but is now the Republic of Gilead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is set in a near-future New England, in a totalitarian state, known as Gilead, that has overthrown the United States government."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Ultimately, she enters the van with her future uncertain."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting | Politics",
"text": "A particular quote from The Handmaid's Tale sums this up: \"The Republic of Gilead, said Aunt Lydia, knows no bounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Atwood, Margaret (1985). The Handmaid's Tale."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Versions of History: The Handmaid's Tale and its Dedicatees\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\" Margaret Atwood on Fiction, The Future, and Environmental Crisis\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Memory and Politics — A Reflection on \"The Handmaid's Tale\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Handmaid's Tale. New York: Anchor Books."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Teaching Them to Read: A Fishing Expedition in the Handmaid's Tale\"."
}
] |
The Handmaid's Tale is set in the future.
| 2 | 3 |
The Handmaid's Tale
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins."
}
] |
wm0ruMO98SNi33Q6A7Ha
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and erected in the Temple of Zeus there."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue was lost and destroyed during the 5th century AD; details of its form are known only from ancient Greek descriptions and representations on coins."
},
{
"section_header": "Loss and destruction",
"text": "The sanctuary at Olympia fell into disuse."
},
{
"section_header": "Phidias' workshop",
"text": "But earlier loss or damage is implied by Lucian of Samosata in the later 2nd century, who referenced it in Timon: \"they have laid hands on your person at Olympia, my lord High-Thunderer, and you had not the energy to wake the dogs or call in the neighbours; surely they might have come to the rescue and caught the fellows before they had finished packing up the loot.\" The approximate date of the statue (the third quarter of the 5th century BC) was confirmed in the rediscovery (1954–58) of Phidias' workshop, approximately where Pausanias said the statue of Zeus was constructed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zeus was the sky and thunder god in ancient Greek religion, who ruled as king of the gods of Mount Olympus."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "\" It seems that if Zeus were to stand up,\" the geographer Strabo noted early in the 1st century BC, \"he would unroof the temple.\" The Zeus was a chryselephantine sculpture, made with ivory and gold panels on a wooden substructure."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The statue of Zeus was commissioned by the Eleans, custodians of the Olympic Games, in the latter half of the fifth century BC for their newly constructed Temple of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Seeking to outdo their Athenian rivals, the Eleans employed the renowned sculptor Phidias, who had previously made the massive statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Loss and destruction",
"text": "The 11th-century Byzantine historian Georgios Kedrenos records a tradition that it was carried off to Constantinople, where it was destroyed in the great fire of the Palace of Lausus, in 475 AD."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The 2nd-century AD geographer and traveler Pausanias left a detailed description: the statue was crowned with a sculpted wreath of olive sprays and wore a gilded robe made from glass and carved with animals and lilies."
}
] |
The Statue of Zeus at Olympia was a giant seated figure, about 12.4 m (41 ft) tall, made by the Greek sculptor Phidias around 435 BC at the sanctuary of Olympia, Greece, and is considered One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but was destroyed during the 5th century AD.
| 0 | 0 |
Statue of Zeus at Olympia
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial rule (1565–1946)",
"text": "On October 11, 1945, the Philippines became one of the founding members of the United Nations."
}
] |
wmoI7wgukfsbJBB5LVVS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Military",
"text": "The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) consist of three branches: the Philippine Air Force, the Philippine Army, and the Philippine Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Biodiversity",
"text": "The Philippines is a megadiverse country."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "During the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial rule (1565–1946)",
"text": "During this era, a renaissance in Philippine culture occurred, including an expansion of Philippine cinema and literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "The University of the Philippines, a system of eight (8) constituent universities, is the national university system of the Philippines."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment",
"text": "The trench is located in the Philippine Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography and environment | Biodiversity",
"text": "Although the Philippines lacks large mammalian predators, it does have large reptiles such as the Philippine crocodile and saltwater crocodile."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial rule (1565–1946)",
"text": "The Katipunan started the Philippine Revolution in 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Ethnic groups",
"text": "At least some Negritos in the Philippines have Denisovan admixture in their genomes."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The Philippines is the biggest supplier of nurses for export."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial rule (1565–1946)",
"text": "On October 11, 1945, the Philippines became one of the founding members of the United Nations."
}
] |
The Philippines joined the UN.
| 0 | 0 |
Philippines
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was his 22nd book, and his 17th novel written under his own name."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The book also contains a new afterword by Stephen King discussing his reasons for writing the novel."
}
] |
wnljPBA4oMcVqixRfqgU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is a 1986 horror novel by American author Stephen King."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The book also contains a new afterword by Stephen King discussing his reasons for writing the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was his 22nd book, and his 17th novel written under his own name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "In 2003, It was listed at number 144 on the BBC's The Big Read poll—one of three King novels on the list."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The series was directed and written by Glen Baretto and Ankush Mohla."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Publishers Weekly listed It as the best-selling hardcover fiction book in the United States in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The most prominent notions of fear in the novel come from the Losers' Club themselves: their home lives, the things that have made them pariahs.\" On December 13, 2011, Cemetery Dance published a special limited edition of It for the 25th anniversary of the novel (ISBN 978-1-58767-270-5) in three editions: an unsigned limited gift edition of 2,750, a signed limited edition of 750, and a signed and lettered limited edition of 52."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1957–1958",
"text": "The Losers later discover a message from It written in Patrick's blood, warning them that It will kill them if they interfere."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "Publishers Weekly expressed particular indignation: \"Overpopulated and under-characterized, bloated by lazy thought-out philosophizing and theologizing there is simply too much of It."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy",
"text": "The novel has been noted for its exceptional length."
}
] |
It author Stephen King had written 21 other novels before publishing It.
| 3 | 5 |
It (novel)
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nuclear fusion on a large scale in an explosion was first carried out on 1 November 1952, in the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb test."
}
] |
wo6je9nfzHeiKBuO6NAN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mathematical description of cross section | Fusion under classical physics",
"text": ", that is, fusion would never occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Process",
"text": "For larger nuclei, however, no energy is released, since the nuclear force is short-range and cannot continue to act across longer nuclear length scales."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nuclear fusion on a large scale in an explosion was first carried out on 1 November 1952, in the Ivy Mike hydrogen bomb test."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclear fusion in stars",
"text": "The net result is the fusion of four protons into one alpha particle, with the release of two positrons and two neutrinos (which changes two of the protons into neutrons), and energy."
},
{
"section_header": "Process",
"text": "Although controlled fusion is generally manageable with current technology (e.g. fusors), successful accomplishment of economic fusion has been stymied by scientific and technological difficulties; nonetheless, important progress has been made."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclear fusion in stars",
"text": "In the 20th century, it was recognized that the energy released from nuclear fusion reactions accounts for the longevity of stellar heat and light."
},
{
"section_header": "Nuclear fusion in stars",
"text": "Around 1920, Arthur Eddington anticipated the discovery and mechanism of nuclear fusion processes in stars, in his paper The Internal Constitution of the Stars."
},
{
"section_header": "Important reactions | Bremsstrahlung losses in quasineutral, isotropic plasmas",
"text": "The ions undergoing fusion in many systems will essentially never occur alone but will be mixed with electrons that in aggregate neutralize the ions' bulk electrical charge and form a plasma."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei are combined to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons)."
},
{
"section_header": "Important reactions | Criteria and candidates for terrestrial reactions",
"text": "To evaluate the usefulness of these reactions, in addition to the reactants, the products, and the energy released, one needs to know something about the nuclear cross section."
}
] |
Nuclear fusion was never made on an extensive scale.
| 0 | 3 |
Nuclear fusion
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "Dunes are made of sand-sized particles, and may consist of quartz, calcium carbonate, snow, gypsum, or other materials."
}
] |
wovgFyq5aBe1EmhBS9LT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dunes | Ecological succession on coastal dunes",
"text": "These plants are well adapted to the harsh conditions of the foredune typically having deep roots which reach the water table, root nodules that produce nitrogen compounds, and protected stoma, reducing transpiration."
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "Cronulla sand dunes, NSW, Australia"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "Morfa Harlech sand dunes, Gwynedd, Wales"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "Murlough Sand Dunes, Newcastle, Co Down, Northern Ireland"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "(coastal dunes featuring succession)Athabasca Sand Dunes Provincial Park, Alberta and Saskatchewan"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "Fraser Island, Queensland Australia, largest sand island in the world"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "Oregon Dunes National Recreation Area, near North Bend, Oregon Penhale Sands, Cornwall, England"
},
{
"section_header": "Examples | Sand dune systems",
"text": "Ashdod Sand Dune, Israel Bamburgh Dunes, Northumberland, England Bradley Beach, New Jersey Circeo National Park, a Mediterranean dune area on the southwest coast of the Lazio region of Italy"
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dunes",
"text": "Primary dunes gain most of their sand from the beach itself, while secondary dunes gain their sand from the primary dune."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Dune movement",
"text": "Further, if the wind is carrying sand particles when it hits the dune, the dune's sand particles will saltate more than if the wind had hit the dune without carrying sand particles."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "Dunes are made of sand-sized particles, and may consist of quartz, calcium carbonate, snow, gypsum, or other materials."
}
] |
Dunes only have sand.
| 0 | 0 |
Dune
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On Christmas Eve, an unnamed narrator, along with some other unnamed characters, listens to Douglas, a friend, read a manuscript written by a former governess whom Douglas claims to have known and who is now dead."
}
] |
wp4qRgV724baDhwdmFc3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In October 1898 the novella appeared with the short story \"Covering End\" in a volume titled The Two Magics, published by Macmillan in New York City and by Heinemann in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "They note that James's letters, his New York Edition preface, and his Notebooks contain no definite evidence that The Turn of the Screw was intended as anything other than a straightforward ghost story, and James certainly wrote ghost stories that did not depend on the narrator's imagination."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions | 21st century",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories, edited by Kimberly Reed (Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2010) ISBN 978-1-770-48255-5."
},
{
"section_header": "Editions | 21st century",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories, edited by T.J. Lustig (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008) ISBN 978-0-199-53617-7."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Throughout his career James was attracted to the ghost story."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "In early episodes of Star Trek: Voyager (\"Cathexis\", \"Learning Curve\" and \"Persistence of Vision\"), Captain Kathryn Janeway is seen on the holodeck acting out scenes from the holonovel Janeway Lambda one, which appears to be based on The Turn of the Screw."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The story led to a year-long story in the year 1897, as Barnabas Collins travelled back in time to prevent Quentin's death and stop the possession."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many critics have tried to determine the exact nature of the evil hinted at by the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "Beyond the dispute, critics have closely examined James's narrative technique for the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On Christmas Eve, an unnamed narrator, along with some other unnamed characters, listens to Douglas, a friend, read a manuscript written by a former governess whom Douglas claims to have known and who is now dead."
}
] |
The Turn of the Screw is a horror short story and the story starts on the eve of a national holiday.
| 0 | 0 |
The Turn of the Screw
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "The play introduced the word robot, which displaced older words such as \"automaton\" or \"android\" in languages around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It premiered on 25 January 1921 and introduced the word \"robot\" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole."
}
] |
wp8hbf0IJWeoTpZ0J9AU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Critical reception",
"text": "On the other hand, Isaac Asimov, author of the Robot series of books and creator of the Three Laws of Robotics, stated: \"Capek's play is, in my own opinion, a terribly bad one, but it is immortal for that one word."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "The play introduced the word robot, which displaced older words such as \"automaton\" or \"android\" in languages around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "One critic has described Čapek's Robots as epitomizing \"the traumatic transformation of modern society by the First World War and the Fordist assembly line.\" The work was published in Prague by Aventinum in 1920 and premiered at the city's National Theatre on 25 January 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "On 26 November 2015 The RUR-Play: Prologue, the world's first version of R.U.R. with robots appearing in all the roles, was presented during the robot performance festival of Cafe Neu Romance at the gallery of the National Library of Technology in Prague.."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The English phrase \"Rossum's Universal Robots\" has been used as a subtitle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots",
"text": "Čapek's robots are living biological beings, but they are still assembled, as opposed to grown or born."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "She meets Domin, the General Manager of R.U.R., who tells her the history of the company: In 1920, a man named Rossum came to the island to study marine biology, and in 1932 he accidentally discovered a chemical that behaved exactly like protoplasm, except that it did not mind being knocked around."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "In an article in Lidové noviny Karel Čapek named his brother Josef as the true inventor of the word."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It premiered on 25 January 1921 and introduced the word \"robot\" to the English language and to science fiction as a whole."
}
] |
The 1920 play R.U.R. is credited as being one of the first uses of the word robot.
| 2 | 4 |
R.U.R.
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones (see Coriolis effects in meteorology)."
}
] |
wpXYVABtJ4LbQSJ652Cf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Eötvös effect",
"text": "Moreover, in the case of large changes of momentum, such as a spacecraft being launched into orbit, the effect becomes significant."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Eötvös effect | Intuitive example",
"text": "This difference is what the Coriolis effect accounts for in the rotating frame of reference."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Eötvös effect | Intuitive example",
"text": "This is what the Coriolis term accounts for on the previous paragraph."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This effect is responsible for the rotation of large cyclones (see Coriolis effects in meteorology)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1856, William Ferrel proposed the existence of a circulation cell in the mid-latitudes with air being deflected by the Coriolis force to create the prevailing westerly winds."
},
{
"section_header": "Visualization of the Coriolis effect",
"text": "To demonstrate the Coriolis effect, a parabolic turntable can be used."
},
{
"section_header": "Visualization of the Coriolis effect",
"text": "The rotation has caused the planet to settle on a spheroid shape, such that the normal force, the gravitational force and the centrifugal force exactly balance each other on a \"horizontal\" surface. (See equatorial bulge.) The Coriolis effect caused by the rotation of the Earth can be seen indirectly through the motion of a Foucault pendulum."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Meteorology | Flow around a low-pressure area",
"text": "Cyclones rarely form along the equator due to the weak Coriolis effect present in this region."
},
{
"section_header": "Applied to the Earth | Eötvös effect",
"text": "There are other components of the Coriolis effect."
},
{
"section_header": "Visualization of the Coriolis effect",
"text": "To get a view of the motions as seen from the reference frame rotating with the turntable, a video camera is attached to the turntable so as to co-rotate with the turntable, with results as shown in the figure."
}
] |
The Coriolis effect can be seen in cyclones and the effect has to be taken into account in spacecraft.
| 1 | 5 |
Coriolis effect
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English."
}
] |
wpgDtWrfdKvseCDycskB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West, was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University, before retiring to serve as his manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics",
"text": "His support for Trump led to the creation of a \"Donye\" parody by famous artist Lushsux who painted Kanye with Trump's hair."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Legacy",
"text": "He has been cited as a direct influence by artists and musical groups outside of hip-hop including English singer-songwriters Adele and Lily Allen, R&B singer-songwriter Daniel Caesar, New Zealand pop artist Lorde, American electropop singer Halsey, English rock band Arctic Monkeys, Sergio Pizzorno of English rock band Kasabian and the American indie rock bands MGMT, the"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois, after living in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–15: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "On May 11, West was awarded an honorary doctorate by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for his contributions to music, fashion, and popular culture, officially making him an honorary DFA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kanye Omari West (; born June 8, 1977) is an American rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, composer, entrepreneur and fashion designer."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | 1990s–2000s",
"text": "He also drew musical inspiration from European Britpop and Euro-disco, American alternative and indie-rock, and his native Chicago house."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2013–15: Yeezus and Adidas collaboration",
"text": "In September 2013, Kanye West announced he would be headlining his first solo tour in five years, to support Yeezus, with fellow American rapper Kendrick Lamar accompanying him as supporting act."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style | General",
"text": "He said, \"All good. Kanye West, I got super respect for Kanye."
}
] |
After taking painting classed at the Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997, Kanye West got transferred to Chicago State University to study English.
| 1 | 3 |
Kanye West
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "When this happens, we assign the scarce item or service more value simply because it is harder to acquire."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "When something has limited availability, people assign it more value."
}
] |
wpkK1gwnbu3cL2ej8KGI
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Theories | Social judgment theory",
"text": "Our \"ego-involvement\" generally plays one of the largest roles in determining the size of these latitudes."
},
{
"section_header": "Neurobiology",
"text": "One way therefore to increase persuasion would seem to be to selectively activate the right prefrontal cortex."
},
{
"section_header": "Brief history",
"text": "The Greek philosopher Aristotle listed four reasons why one should learn the art of persuasion: truth and justice are perfect; thus if a case loses, it is the fault of the speaker"
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Inoculation theory",
"text": "An example would be a manufacturer of a product displaying an ad that refutes one particular claim made about a rival's product, so that when the audience sees an ad for said rival product, they refute the product claims automatically."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "When this happens, we assign the scarce item or service more value simply because it is harder to acquire."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Cognitive dissonance theory",
"text": "There are four main ways we go about reducing or eliminating our dissonance: changing our minds about one of the facets of cognition reducing the importance of a cognition increasing the overlap between the two, and re-evaluating the cost/reward ratio."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "When things become less available, we could lose the chance to acquire them."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Usage of force",
"text": "The use of force is then a precedent to the failure of less direct means of persuasion."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Cognitive dissonance theory",
"text": "Revisiting the example of the smoker, he can either quit smoking, reduce the importance of his health, convince himself he is not at risk, or that the reward of smoking is worth the cost of his health."
},
{
"section_header": "Theories | Conditioning theories",
"text": "Just like you sometimes recall a memory from a certain smell or sound, the objective of some ads is solely to bring back certain emotions when you see their logo in your local store."
},
{
"section_header": "Methods | Weapons of influence | Scarcity",
"text": "When something has limited availability, people assign it more value."
}
] |
Items that are not fully stocked are usually worth less than ones that have a strong presence on store shelves.
| 0 | 5 |
Persuasion
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Confederate reaction",
"text": "The Confederate public had mixed feelings about the result, joy at Lee's tactical victory tempered by the loss of their most beloved general, Stonewall Jackson."
}
] |
wptT3uBSwGCBO6JgxDLG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "Lee, despite being outnumbered by a ratio of over two to one, won arguably his greatest victory of the war, sometimes described as his \"perfect battle.\" But he paid a terrible price for it, taking more casualties than he had lost in any previous battle, including the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Antietam."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 1: Hooker passes on opportunity",
"text": "The Union general organized a counterattack that recovered the lost ground."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "The Union lost three generals in the campaign: Maj. Gens."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Chancellorsville campaign was one of the most lopsided clashes of the war, with the Union's effective fighting force more than twice the Confederates', the greatest imbalance during the war in Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "The loss of this artillery platform doomed the Union position at the Chancellorsville crossroads as well, and the Army of the Potomac began a fighting retreat to positions circling United States Ford."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing forces | Confederate",
"text": "Lee's forces, on the other hand, were poorly provisioned and were scattered all over the state of Virginia."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Confederate reaction",
"text": "The Confederate public had mixed feelings about the result, joy at Lee's tactical victory tempered by the loss of their most beloved general, Stonewall Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "He sat in the full realization of all that soldiers dream of—triumph; and as I looked at him in the complete fruition of the success which his genius, courage, and confidence in his army had won, I thought that it must have been from some such scene that men in ancient days ascended to the dignity of gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lee's difficulty in replacing his lost men, as well as his inability to prevent the Union withdrawal, effectively led to his great victory being regarded as a Pyrrhic one."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | May 3: Chancellorsville",
"text": "About 76,000 Union men faced 43,000 Confederate at the Chancellorsville front."
}
] |
The Confederate states won the Battle of Chancellorsville, but lost one of their most competent generals in so doing.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Chancellorsville
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | Planned Broadway revival",
"text": "A Broadway revival is planned to begin previews on April 7, 2021 and open on May 20 at the Winter Garden Theatre, starring Hugh Jackman as Hill and Sutton Foster as Marian, produced by Scott Rudin and directed by Jerry Zaks with choreography by Warren Carlyle."
}
] |
wqB7OZT1EpZTHhIKSgHG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions | Planned Broadway revival",
"text": "It was previously set to open in 2020 but was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Setting and popular culture references",
"text": "The Music Man is set in the fictional town of River City, Iowa, in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Planned Broadway revival",
"text": "A Broadway revival is planned to begin previews on April 7, 2021 and open on May 20 at the Winter Garden Theatre, starring Hugh Jackman as Hill and Sutton Foster as Marian, produced by Scott Rudin and directed by Jerry Zaks with choreography by Warren Carlyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Walter Kerr of the Herald Tribune glowingly described the opening scene of the musical: \"It's the beat that does it."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "The political satire group, the Capitol Steps, parodies numerous songs from musicals, including The Music Man."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act II",
"text": "She delays him so he won't have time to deliver the evidence, eventually kissing him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The show's success led to revivals, including a long-running 2000 Broadway revival, a popular 1962 film adaptation and a 2003 television adaptation."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Original Broadway production",
"text": "Howard Bay designed the sets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Music Man is a musical with book, music, and lyrics by Meredith Willson, based on a story by Willson and Franklin Lacey."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Original Broadway production",
"text": "Liza Redfield became the first woman to be the full-time conductor of a Broadway pit orchestra when she assumed the role of music director for the original production's final year of performances beginning in May 1960."
}
] |
The Music Man was set to come back to broadway in 2020 but the pandemic delayed it's revival.
| 1 | 2 |
The Music Man
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The book was in some ways inspired by the life of a schoolfriend of the author who became a doctor."
}
] |
wqBZsOk8IC8c87C77N3J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot synopsis",
"text": "She has a powerful yearning for luxury and romance inspired by reading popular novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and reception",
"text": "Ever since Madame Bovary, the art of the novel has been considered equal to the art of poetry.\" Giorgio de Chirico said that in his opinion \"from the narrative point of view, the most perfect book is Madame Bovary by Flaubert\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Madame Bovary (; French: [madam bɔvaʁi]), originally published as Madame Bovary: Provincial Manners (French: Madame Bovary: Mœurs de province ["
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The accuracy of Flaubert's supposed assertion that \"Madame Bovary, c'est moi\" (\"Madame Bovary is me\") has been questioned."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "\"Madame Bovary has been seen as a commentary on the bourgeoisie, the folly of aspirations that can never be realized or a belief in the validity of a self-satisfied, deluded personal culture, associated with Flaubert's period, especially during the reign of Louis Philippe, when the middle class grew to become more identifiable in contrast to the working class and the nobility."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Other adaptations",
"text": "Emmanuel Bondeville's opera Madame Bovary was produced in 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Emma Bovary is the novel's eponymous protagonist (Charles's mother and his former wife are also referred to as Madame Bovary, while their daughter remains Mademoiselle Bovary)."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "The book was in some ways inspired by the life of a schoolfriend of the author who became a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Madame Bovary has had the following film adaptations: Unholy Love (1932), directed by Albert Ray Madame Bovary (1934), directed by Jean Renoir and starring Max Dearly and Valentine Tessier Madame Bovary (1937), directed by Gerhard Lamprecht and starring Pola Negri, Aribert Wäscher and Ferdinand Marian"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Madame Bovary (1964), a BBC TV film written by Giles Cooper Madame Bovary (1969), directed by Hans Schott-Schobinger and starring Edwige Fenech Madame Bovary (1975), a BBC TV film that used the same script as the 1964 film Save and Protect (1989), directed by Alexandr Sokurov"
}
] |
The novel Madame Bovary was not inspired by a real person.
| 0 | 0 |
Madame Bovary
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001."
}
] |
wqgSajCB7pnLWOPxJ3ff
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "On 27 August, their manager's assistant, Peter Brown, phoned to inform them that Epstein had died."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of lung cancer in November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Already contemplating Best's dismissal, the Beatles replaced him in mid-August with Ringo Starr, who left Rory Storm and the Hurricanes to join them."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "[It's] John and the band, Paul and the band, George and the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | India retreat, Apple Corps and the White Album",
"text": "Lennon had lost interest in collaborating with McCartney, whose contribution \"Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da\" he scorned as \"granny music shit\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined them as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he and Lennon met that July."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Magical Mystery Tour and Yellow Submarine",
"text": "I thought, 'We've fuckin' had it now.'\" Harrison's then-wife Pattie Boyd remembered that \"Paul and George were in complete shock."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "As of April 2009, the compilation had sold 31 million copies globally, and is the best-selling album of that decade in the US.Harrison died from metastatic lung cancer in November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Beatles for Sale, Help! and Rubber Soul",
"text": "McCartney has said, \"We'd had our cute period, and now it was time to expand.\" However, recording engineer Norman Smith later stated that the studio sessions revealed signs of growing conflict within the group – \"the clash between John and Paul was becoming obvious\", he wrote, and \"as far as Paul was concerned, George could do no right\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Emerick noted that the replacement of the studio's valve mixing console with a transistorised one yielded a less punchy sound, leaving the group frustrated at the thinner tone and lack of impact and contributing to its \"kinder, gentler\" feel relative to their previous albums."
}
] |
Paul died in a car crash and was replaced by a look-alike.
| 2 | 5 |
The Beatles
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)."
}
] |
wqlorj9ofQDqrtQaGMxK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "King Zheng of Qin conquered the last of his opponents and unified China as the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty (\"Qin Shi Huang\") in 221 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Several walls were being built from as early as the 7th century BC by ancient Chinese states; selective stretches were later joined together by Qin Shi Huang (220–206 BC), the first emperor of China."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "The sections of the Great Wall around Beijing municipality are especially famous: they were frequently renovated and are regularly visited by tourists today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The most well-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644)."
},
{
"section_header": "Course | Ming Great Wall",
"text": "The Badaling Great Wall near Zhangjiakou is the most famous stretch of the Wall, for this is the first section to be opened to the public in the People's Republic of China, as well as the showpiece stretch for foreign dignitaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Condition",
"text": "Various square lookout towers that characterize the most famous images of the wall have disappeared."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little of the Qin wall remains."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ming era",
"text": "Even after the loss of all of Liaodong, the Ming army held the heavily fortified Shanhai Pass, preventing the Manchus from conquering the Chinese heartland."
},
{
"section_header": "Characteristics",
"text": "Communication between the army units along the length of the Great Wall, including the ability to call reinforcements and warn garrisons of enemy movements, was of high importance."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early walls",
"text": "There are no surviving historical records indicating the exact length and course of the Qin walls."
}
] |
The most famous sections of the wall were built by the army of Qin Shi Huang .
| 3 | 3 |
Great Wall of China
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, the gate evokes the architectural style of the triumphal arch such as the Arch of Constantine, in Rome, and is often compared to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, and the Gateway of India in Mumbai."
}
] |
wrn4DztqI3sLIXAeC2pb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The India Gate (originally the All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located astride the Rajpath, on the eastern edge of the \"ceremonial axis\" of New Delhi, formerly called Kingsway."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "India Gate is counted amongst the largest war memorials in India and every Republic Day, the Prime Minister visits the gate to pay their tributes to the Amar Jawan Jyoti, following which the Republic Day parade starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure | Inscriptions",
"text": "Due to security reasons access to read the names on the memorial is restricted, though they can be seen on the Delhi Memorial (India Gate website, which lists the names with their respective date of death, unit name, regiment, place on gate where name is inscribed, location, and other information)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 2017, the India Gate was twinned with the Arch of Remembrance in Leicester, England, another Lutyens war memorial, following a very similar design but on a smaller scale."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The India Gate was part of the work of the Imperial War Graves Commission (I.W.G.C), which came into existence in December 1917 for building war graves and memorials to soldiers who were killed in the First World War"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Republic Day Parade starts from Rashtrapati Bhavan and passes around the India Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In a ceremony, India's high commissioner to the United Kingdom laid a wreath at the arch in Leicester and the British high commissioner to India laid one at the India Gate."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure | Inscriptions",
"text": "The cornice of the India Gate is inscribed with the Imperial suns while both sides of the arch have INDIA, flanked by the dates MCMXIV ('1914'; on the left) and MCMXIX ('1919'; on the right)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design and structure",
"text": "The memorial-gate was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, who was not only the main architect of New Delhi, but a leading designer of war memorials."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The foundation stone of the gate, then called the All India War Memorial, was laid on 10 February 1921, at 16:30, by the visiting Duke of Connaught in a ceremony attended by Officers and Men of the British Indian Army, Imperial Service Troops, the Commander in Chief, and Chelmsford, the viceroy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, the gate evokes the architectural style of the triumphal arch such as the Arch of Constantine, in Rome, and is often compared to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, and the Gateway of India in Mumbai."
}
] |
The India Gate is typically juxtaposed with the Shrine of Memory in Virginia.
| 1 | 2 |
India Gate
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Appearance and personality",
"text": "Henry took back territories, regained estates, and re-established influence over the smaller lords that had once provided what historian John Gillingham describes as a \"protective ring\" around his core territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry expanded his empire at Louis's expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached."
}
] |
wsbADE9O73PD67csDxXt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Law",
"text": "Henry greatly expanded the role of royal justice in England, producing a more coherent legal system, summarised at the end of his reign in the treatise of Glanvill, an early legal handbook."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Reconstruction of royal government",
"text": "Nonetheless, Henry inherited a difficult situation in England, as the kingdom had suffered extensively during the civil war."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Reconstruction of royal government",
"text": "I's method of government during his reign"
},
{
"section_header": "Government, family and household | Empire and nature of government",
"text": "During his reign Henry, like his grandfather, increasingly promoted \"new men\", minor nobles without independent wealth and lands, to positions of authority in England."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign (1150–1162) | Reconstruction of royal government",
"text": "In 1157 pressure from Henry resulted in the young King Malcolm of Scotland returning the lands in the north of England he had taken during the war; Henry promptly began to refortify the northern frontier."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearance and personality",
"text": "Henry took back territories, regained estates, and re-established influence over the smaller lords that had once provided what historian John Gillingham describes as a \"protective ring\" around his core territories."
},
{
"section_header": "Later reign (1162–1175) | Arrival in Ireland",
"text": "The critical factor though appears to have been Henry's concern that his nobles in the Welsh Marches would acquire independent territories of their own in Ireland, beyond the reach of his authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Appearance and personality",
"text": "Henry had a passionate desire to rebuild his control of the territories that his grandfather, Henry I, had once governed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry expanded his empire at Louis's expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his son John, but many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule had long-term consequences."
}
] |
Henry II expanded the territory of England during his reign.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry II of England
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Voice cast",
"text": "The character of Slinky Dog appeared to be in limbo after the death of his original voice actor Jim Varney on February 10, 2000, three months after Toy Story 2 was released."
}
] |
wt4SwF5yzOT3kEqyDCD3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing | Oscar campaign",
"text": "The campaign consisted of posters featuring characters from the film, comparing Toy Story 3 to previous winners such as The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King, Shakespeare in Love, Titanic, and more."
},
{
"section_header": "Voice cast",
"text": "The character of Slinky Dog appeared to be in limbo after the death of his original voice actor Jim Varney on February 10, 2000, three months after Toy Story 2 was released."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "A 10-disc Toy Story trilogy Blu-ray box set arrived on store shelves that same day."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Toy Story 3 earned $415 million in North America and $652 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.067 billion, earning more revenue than the previous two films of the series combined."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Toy Story 3 also became the first-ever Pixar film—and the first animated feature film since Shrek—to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, though six of Pixar's previous films were nominated for the Best Original Screenplay: Toy Story, Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, and Up."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jim Varney, who voiced Slinky Dog in the first two films, died on February 10, 2000, 10 years before the release of the third film, so the role of Slinky was passed down to Blake Clark."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "On March 23, 2010, Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released separately on Blu-ray/DVD combo packs; Toy Story included a small feature of \"The Story of Toy Story 3\" and Toy Story 2 included one on the \"Characters of Toy Story 3.\" Mattel, Thinkway Toys, and Lego are among companies that produced toys to promote the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "A PlayStation 2 version was released on October 30, 2010 as part of a PS2 bundle and separately on November 2, 2010 (the same day Toy Story 3 was released on DVD and Blu-ray)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "On October 2, 2009, Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were re-released as a double feature in Disney Digital 3-D."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "At the same time, Buzz meets other toys from around the world that were once loved, but have been recalled such as Rosey, a warm cozy toy and Jade, a leggy doll with an evening gown."
}
] |
Toy Story 3 was very fortunate to be able to keep the same voice crew as the previous Toy Story even though the films were release more than 10 years apart.
| 0 | 0 |
Toy Story 3
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has very high standards of living, quality of life, healthcare, education, and is categorized as \"very high\" in the Human Development Index."
}
] |
wtENvnQjqYftaXnLM2i7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Fine arts",
"text": "Nowadays, singer Stromae has been a musical revelation in Europe and beyond, having great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Locus of policy jurisdiction",
"text": "In several fields, the different levels each have their own say on specifics."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "The Court of Cassation is the court of last resort, with the courts of appeal one level below."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Locus of policy jurisdiction",
"text": "Each level of government can be involved in scientific research and international relations associated with its powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Communities and regions",
"text": "The structure is intended as a compromise to allow different cultures to live together peacefully."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Roughly 23,000 more German speakers live in municipalities near the official Community."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "The majority of Belgian Muslims live in the major cities, such as Antwerp, Brussels and Charleroi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has very high standards of living, quality of life, healthcare, education, and is categorized as \"very high\" in the Human Development Index."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Most of the French-speaking region's population does not consider religion an important part of their lives, and as much as 45% of the population identifies as irreligious."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Communities and regions",
"text": "Based on the four language areas defined in 1962–63 (the Dutch, bilingual, French and German language areas), consecutive revisions of the country's constitution in 1970, 1980, 1988 and 1993 established a unique form of a federal state with segregated political power into three levels: The federal government, based in Brussels."
}
] |
Belgium does have elevated levels of living.
| 0 | 0 |
Belgium
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Hubbell finished his career with a 253–154 record, 1677 strikeouts, 724 walks, 36 shutouts and a 2.98 ERA, in 35901⁄3 innings pitched."
}
] |
wtgh7PUMEJE0DYSLh0wc
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Hubbell would go 10–6 in his first major league season and would pitch his entire career for the Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "He hadn't planned on doing any scouting, but he was impressed by Hubbell."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Kinsella followed Hubbell for a month and was still impressed."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "no bigger than a dime\". Hubbell was released at the end of the 1943 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Joe DiMaggio called Hubbell the toughest pitcher he'd ever faced."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "In its 1936 World Series cover story about Lou Gehrig and Carl Hubbell, Time magazine depicted the Fall Classic that year between crosstown rivals Giants and Yankees as \"a personal struggle between Hubbell and Gehrig\", calling Hubbell \"... currently baseball's No. 1 Pitcher and among the half dozen ablest in the game's annals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During 1936 and 1937, Hubbell set the major league record for consecutive wins by a pitcher with 24."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "Hubbell finished his career with a 253–154 record, 1677 strikeouts, 724 walks, 36 shutouts and a 2.98 ERA, in 35901⁄3 innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "As a hitter, Hubbell posted a .191 batting average (246-for-1288) with 95 runs, 30 doubles, 4 home runs, 101 RBI and 33 bases on balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career",
"text": "With a slow delivery of his screwball, Hubbell recorded five consecutive 20-win seasons for the Giants (1933–37) and helped his team to three NL pennants and the 1933 World Series title."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a pitcher for the New York Giants of the National League from 1928 to 1943, and remained on the team's payroll for the rest of his life, long after their move to San Francisco."
}
] |
Hubbell was a major league third baseman.
| 0 | 0 |
Carl Hubbell
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Finishing his military schooling at Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911."
}
] |
wund9qUQYTolrvFeNZnb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "He began his military training at the Baoding Military Academy in 1906, the same year Japan left its bimetallic currency standard, devaluing its yen."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "acquainted Chiang Kaishek with the Xidaotang jiaozhu Ma Mingren in 1941 in Chongqing."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and relationships with religious communities | Relationship with Muslims",
"text": "Chiang also supported the Muslim General Ma Zhongying, whom he had trained at Whampoa Military Academy during the Kumul Rebellion, in a Jihad against Jin Shuren, Sheng Shicai, and the Soviet Union during the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "With over 200,000 Chinese casualties, Chiang lost the political cream of his Whampoa-trained officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Chiang decided to pursue a military career."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "The Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, and in August of that year Chiang sent 600,000 of his best-trained and equipped soldiers to defend Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | On Taiwan | Relationship with the United States",
"text": "Chiang Ching-kuo, educated in the Soviet Union, initiated Soviet-style military organization in the Republic of China Military."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Treatment and use of Japanese soldiers",
"text": "Many top nationalist generals, including Chiang, had studied and trained in Japan before the Nationalists had returned to the mainland in the 1920s, and maintained close personal friendships with top Japanese officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Treatment and use of Japanese soldiers",
"text": "The Japanese general in charge of all forces in China, General Yasuji Okamura, had personally trained officers who later became generals in Chiang's staff."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With Soviet and communist (Communist Party of China: CPC) help, Chiang organized the military for Sun's Canton Nationalist Government and headed the Whampoa Military Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Finishing his military schooling at Tokyo Shinbu Gakko, Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 to 1911."
}
] |
Chiang Kai-shek did his military training in Seoul, Korea.
| 2 | 6 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the soteriological term Nirvana."
}
] |
wutrBZYqi5gbqKJmytRN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the soteriological term Nirvana."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism | Moksha",
"text": "In the Vedas and early Upanishads, the word mucyate (Sanskrit: मुच्यते) appears, which means to be set free or release - such as of a horse from its harness."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "This term is found in texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Nirvana Upanishad, likely composed in the post-Buddha era."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The term nirvana in the soteriological sense of \"blown out, extinguished\" state of liberation does not appear in the Vedas nor in the Upanishads."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "This may have been deliberate use of words in early Buddhism, suggests Collins, since Atman and Brahman were described in Vedic texts and Upanishads with the imagery of fire, as something good, desirable and liberating."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "According to Collins, \"the Buddhists seem to have been the first to call it nirvana.\" However, the ideas of spiritual liberation using different terminology, with the concept of soul and Brahman, appears in Vedic texts and Upanishads, such as in verse 4.4.6 of the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad."
},
{
"section_header": "Manichaenism",
"text": "The term Nirvana (also mentioned is parinirvana) in the thirteenth or fourtheenth century Manichaean work \"The great song to Mani\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "This idea appears in many ancient and medieval texts, as Saṃsāra, or the endless cycle of life, death, rebirth and redeath, such as section 6:31 of the Mahabharata and verse 9.21 of the Bhagavad Gita."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
},
{
"section_header": "Buddhism",
"text": "However, Buddhist texts have asserted since ancient times that nirvana is more than \"destruction of desire\", it is \"the object of the knowledge\" of the Buddhist path."
}
] |
Ancient texts of Hinduism such as Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the term Nirvana.
| 2 | 3 |
Nirvana
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rickey was instrumental in breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier by signing black player Jackie Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Professional playing career | Football",
"text": "During his time with Shelby, Rickey became friends with his teammate Charles Follis, who was the first black professional football player."
}
] |
wv9zeMLeU0ZitsX91sDv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Breaking the color barrier",
"text": "While managing at Ohio Wesleyan University, a black player, Charles Thomas, was extremely upset at being refused accommodation, because of his race, at the hotel where the team stayed."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Breaking the color barrier",
"text": "The service of black Americans in the Second World War, and the celebrated pre-war achievements of black athletes in American sports, such as Joe Louis in boxing and Jesse Owens in track, helped pave the way for the cultural shift necessary to break the barrier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rickey was instrumental in breaking Major League Baseball's color barrier by signing black player Jackie Robinson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Professional playing career | Football",
"text": "During his time with Shelby, Rickey became friends with his teammate Charles Follis, who was the first black professional football player."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Breaking the color barrier",
"text": "Robinson had agreed with Rickey not to lose his temper and jeopardize the chances of all the blacks who would follow him if he could help break down the barriers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Breaking the color barrier",
"text": "Around this time, Rickey held tryouts of black players, under the cover story of forming a new team in the USL called the \"Brooklyn Brown Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Professional playing career | Football",
"text": "Although Rickey stated his inspiration for bringing Jackie Robinson into baseball was the ill-treatment he saw received by his black catcher Charles Thomas on the Ohio Wesleyan baseball team coached by Rickey in 1903 and 1904 and the gentlemanly way Thomas handled it."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Breaking the color barrier",
"text": "Landis died in 1944, but Rickey had already set the process in motion, having sought (and gained) approval from the Dodgers Board of Directors in 1943 to begin the search for \"the right man.\" In early 1945, Rickey was anticipating the integration of black players into Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Professional playing career | Baseball",
"text": "Rickey also injured his throwing arm and retired as a player following that season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Brooklyn Dodgers (1942–1950) | Further innovations",
"text": "While working under Rickey, Roth was also the first person to provide statistical evidence that platoon effects were real and quantifiable."
}
] |
Rickey was the first person to sign a black man onto a team and paved the way for others to follow and normalize black players being in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Branch Rickey
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry."
}
] |
wvAB645NOFG3hI9UawTT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Editing",
"text": "The significant cuts are in part due to Ezra Pound's suggested changes, although Eliot himself also removed large sections."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Waste Land is a poem by T. S. Eliot, widely regarded as one of the most important poems of the 20th century and a central work of modernist poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Writing",
"text": "Richard Aldington, in his memoirs, relates that \"a year or so\" before Eliot read him the manuscript draft of The Waste Land in London, Eliot visited him in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Editing",
"text": "One of these, that Eliot had entitled 'Dirge', begins At the request of Eliot's wife Vivienne, a line in the A Game of Chess section was removed from the poem: \"And we shall play a game of chess/"
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "There is some question as to whether Eliot originally intended The Waste Land to be a collection of individual poems (additional poems were supplied to Pound for his comments on including them) or to be considered one poem with five sections."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Weston's book was so central to the structure of the poem that it was the first text that Eliot cited in his \"Notes on the Waste Land\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition history | Writing",
"text": "Eliot probably worked on the text that became The Waste Land for several years preceding its first publication in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Style",
"text": "\"He Do The Police in Different Voices\"), but they were removed from the final draft after Eliot cut this original opening section."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The notes were added after Eliot's publisher requested something longer to justify printing The Waste Land in a separate book."
},
{
"section_header": "Title",
"text": "In the end, the title Eliot chose was The Waste Land."
}
] |
The T.S. Eliot book The Waste Land was almost twice before editors worked on it and he himself removed sections.
| 1 | 4 |
The Waste Land
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók was born in the Banatian town of Nagyszentmiklós in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Sânnicolau Mare, Romania) on 25 March 1881."
}
] |
wvUcWr2MEnkYFZmUzZ7t
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | New inspiration and experimentation (1916–21)",
"text": "Additionally, the political relations between Hungary and other successor states to the Austro-Hungarian empire prohibited his folk music research outside of Hungary (Somfai 1996, 18)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early musical career (1899–1908)",
"text": "This position freed him from touring Europe as a pianist and enabled him to work in Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early musical career (1899–1908)",
"text": "His melodic and harmonic sense was profoundly influenced by the folk music of Hungary, Romania, and other nations."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "His anti-fascist political views caused him a great deal of trouble with the establishment in Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New inspiration and experimentation (1916–21)",
"text": "Many regions he loved were severed from Hungary: Transylvania, the Banat (where he was born), and Pozsony where his mother had lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "During the final year of communist Hungary in the late 1980s, the Hungarian government, along with his two sons, Béla III and Péter, requested that his remains be exhumed and transferred back to Budapest for burial, where Hungary arranged a state funeral for him on 7 July 1988."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "In 1940, as the European political situation worsened after the outbreak of World War II, Bartók was increasingly tempted to flee Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Childhood and early years (1881–98)",
"text": "Bartók was born in the Banatian town of Nagyszentmiklós in the Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Sânnicolau Mare, Romania) on 25 March 1881."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "For the remainder of his life, although passionately devoted to Hungary, its people and its culture, he never felt much loyalty to the government or its official establishments."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Folk music and composition",
"text": "Bartók 1976, 14). He collected first in the Carpathian Basin (then the Kingdom of Hungary), where he notated Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, and Bulgarian folk music."
}
] |
Bartok was from Hungary.
| 0 | 0 |
Béla Bartók
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his retirement as a player, Jackson managed in minor league baseball through to the 1960 season."
}
] |
wvY1tPj3LHHhsTzbYqsb
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Travis Calvin Jackson (November 2, 1903 – July 27, 1987) was an American baseball shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing career",
"text": "Jackson batted over .300 six times, including a career-high .339 in the 1930 season, and hit 21 home runs in 1929."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing career",
"text": "Though Jackson fell behind Blondy Ryan on the team's depth chart during the season, he returned in the 1933 World Series, which the Giants won over the Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jackson's uncle took him to a Little Rock Travelers minor-league game when he was 14 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Jackson and his wife, Mary, had two children, Dorothy Fincher and William Travis Jackson, six grandchildren and four great-grandchildren."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the only child of William Jackson, a wholesale grocer, and his wife Etta, who named their son after William B. Travis, a lieutenant colonel who died at the Battle of the Alamo."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Jackson's father bought him a baseball when he was three years old, and they often played catch together."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" Jackson was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his retirement as a player, Jackson managed in minor league baseball through to the 1960 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jackson was discovered by Kid Elberfeld at a minor league baseball game at the age of 14."
}
] |
Once Travis Jackson stopped playing professional baseball, he took over his family's furniture business.
| 0 | 0 |
Travis Jackson
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "Some people, such as Eric Keown, think of Death of a Salesman as \"a potential tragedy deflected from its true course by Marxist sympathies.\" The play was hailed as \"the most important and successful night\" in Hebbel-Theater in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "The Berlin production was more successful than New York, possibly due to better interpretation."
}
] |
wwnNGVxPlYpYQazQHC7J
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "Death of a Salesman was welcomed in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Charley and Bernard",
"text": "Meaning that he can and cannot see at the same time, since his way of seeing or visualizing the future is completely wrong.\" One thing that is apparent from the Death of a Salesman is the hard work and dedication of Charley and Bernard."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Charley and Bernard",
"text": "\" One is Charley, Willy's neighbor and apparently only friend."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Compared to Tennessee Williams and Beckett, Arthur Miller and his Death of a Salesman were less influential."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United States",
"text": "Death of a Salesman first opened on February 10, 1949, to great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He tries often to keep his family's perceptions of each other positive or \"happy\" by defending each of them during their many arguments, but still has the most turbulent relationship with Linda, who looks down on him for his lifestyle and apparent cheapness, despite his giving them money. Charley: Willy's somewhat wisecracking yet kind and understanding neighbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "It is easier for the Chinese public to understand the relationship between father and son because \"One thing about the play that is very Chinese is the way Willy tries to make his sons successful."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United Kingdom",
"text": "Drama critic John Gassner wrote that \"the ecstatic reception accorded Death of Salesman has been reverberating for some time wherever there is an ear for theatre, and it is undoubtedly the best American play since A Streetcar Named Desire.\" The play reached London on July 28, 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Rajinder Paul said that \"Death of a Salesman has only an indirect influence on Indian theatre practitions.\" However, it was translated and produced in Bengali as 'Pheriwalar Mrityu' by the theater group Nandikar."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "Some people, such as Eric Keown, think of Death of a Salesman as \"a potential tragedy deflected from its true course by Marxist sympathies.\" The play was hailed as \"the most important and successful night\" in Hebbel-Theater in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "The Berlin production was more successful than New York, possibly due to better interpretation."
}
] |
The Germanic reception to Death of a Salesman was apparently predicated on the country's understanding and general positive opinion of communist ideas.
| 0 | 0 |
Death of a Salesman
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McClintock was almost prevented from starting college, but her father allowed her to just before registration began, and she matriculated at Cornell in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thomas McClintock was the child of British immigrants; Sara Ryder Handy was descended from an old American Mayflower family."
}
] |
wwuDqi60KKOmgZPU0gHW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Barbara McClintock was born Eleanor McClintock on June 16, 1902 in Hartford, Connecticut, the third of four children born to homeopathic physician Thomas Henry McClintock and Sara Handy McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Key publications",
"text": "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "She had planned to work with Curt Stern, who had demonstrated crossing-over in Drosophila just weeks after McClintock and Creighton had done so; however, Stern emigrated to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The youngest, Malcolm Rider (called Tom), was born 18 months after Barbara."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When she was a young girl, her parents determined that Eleanor, a \"feminine\" and \"delicate\" name, was not appropriate for her, and chose Barbara instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock began her studies at Cornell's College of Agriculture in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother resisted sending McClintock to college, for fear that she would be unmarriageable, something that was common at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "She is held up as a role model for girls in such works of children's literature as Edith Hope Fine's Barbara McClintock, Nobel Prize Geneticist, Deborah Heiligman's Barbara McClintock: Alone in Her Field and Mary Kittredge's Barbara McClintock."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McClintock was almost prevented from starting college, but her father allowed her to just before registration began, and she matriculated at Cornell in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Thomas McClintock was the child of British immigrants; Sara Ryder Handy was descended from an old American Mayflower family."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock was born Elena McClintock in the United States, while her Scottish parents fully supported their daughter's right to attend college.
| 0 | 0 |
Barbara McClintock
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865."
}
] |
wxGF2q5ffOaOmqxNS9kp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "It was named after then-United States Secretary of War Jefferson Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After graduating, Jefferson Davis served six years as a lieutenant in the United States Army."
},
{
"section_header": "President of the Confederate States | Final days of the Confederacy",
"text": "In 1939, Jefferson Davis Memorial Historic Site was opened to mark the place where Confederate President Jefferson Davis was captured."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and burials",
"text": "A life-sized statue of Davis was eventually erected as promised by the Jefferson Davis Monument Association, in cooperation with the Southern Press Davis Monument Association, the United Confederate Veterans and ultimately the United Daughters of the Confederacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1913, the United Daughters of the Confederacy conceived the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway, a transcontinental highway to be built through the South."
},
{
"section_header": "President of the Confederate States",
"text": "The fact that Sumter was the property of the sovereign United States was the reason for maintaining the garrison on the island fort."
},
{
"section_header": "President of the Confederate States",
"text": "More improbable yet was a Union officer who had the name of Jefferson C. Davis."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early military career",
"text": "Zachary Taylor, a future president of the United States, had assumed command shortly before Davis arrived in early 1829."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Other states containing a Jefferson (or Jeff) Davis County/"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The birthday of Jefferson Davis is commemorated in several states."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jefferson Finis Davis (June 3, 1808 – December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as the president of the Confederate States from 1861 to 1865."
}
] |
Jefferson Davis was a president of the United States.
| 0 | 0 |
Jefferson Davis
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Outside baseball and numbers (illegal gambling), he owned and operated a cigar shop in downtown Manhattan."
}
] |
wxjOGeSJYkrEi8cUKizt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Alex Pompez owned the Cuban Stars of the Eastern Colored League between 1923 and 1928 and the New York Cubans of the Negro National League from 1935 to 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alejandro \"Alex\" Pompez (May 3, 1890 – March 14, 1974) was an American executive in Negro league baseball who owned the Cuban Stars (East) and New York Cubans franchises from 1916 to 1950."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Outside baseball and numbers (illegal gambling), he owned and operated a cigar shop in downtown Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He signed numerous Latin American players for his Negro league teams, including Martín Dihigo, Minnie Miñoso and Alejandro Oms."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1948, sensing that baseball's integration would change the Negro leagues, Pompez arranged for the New York Cubans to become a minor league affiliate of the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His father was a lawyer and cigar manufacturer who had connections to Cuban author and dissident Jose Marti."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He was hired by the New York Giants to oversee their Latin American operations in 1950.Pompez served on the Baseball Hall of Fame's special Committee on Negro League Baseball in the early 1970s."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Several owners in the Negro National League, including Pompez, were numbers bankers."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez scouted Latin America for the Giants, and they signed several players through Pompez, including Camilo Pascual, Tony Oliva and Orlando Cepeda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He later served as a scout and director of international scouting for the Giants franchise in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pompez was born on May 3, 1890, in Key West, Florida, the oldest of four children born to Cuban immigrants Jose and Loretta Pompez."
}
] |
Alex Pompez was a Cuban baseball player in the Negro League and he also own a cigar store.
| 0 | 0 |
Alex Pompez
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "As a result, 12,000 were interned in interior camps, 2,000 were sent to road camps, and another 2,000 were forced to work in the prairies on sugar beet farms."
}
] |
wxoqkPrZAnYFsc67cbMy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "One further consequence of the attack on Pearl Harbor and its aftermath (notably the Niihau incident) was that Japanese-American residents and citizens were relocated to nearby Japanese-American internment camps."
},
{
"section_header": "Background to conflict | Military planning",
"text": "While U.S. Pacific bases and facilities had been placed on alert on many occasions, U.S. officials doubted Pearl Harbor would be the first target; instead, they expected the Philippines would be attacked first."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Within hours of the attack, hundreds of Japanese-American leaders were rounded up and taken to high-security camps such as Sand Island at the mouth of Honolulu harbor and Kilauea Military Camp on the island of Hawaii."
},
{
"section_header": "Background to conflict | Objectives",
"text": "Striking the Pacific Fleet at anchor in Pearl Harbor carried two distinct disadvantages: the targeted ships would be in very shallow water, so it would be relatively easy to salvage and possibly repair them, and most of the crews would survive the attack, since many would be on shore leave or would be rescued from the harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "As a result, 12,000 were interned in interior camps, 2,000 were sent to road camps, and another 2,000 were forced to work in the prairies on sugar beet farms."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Submarines",
"text": "The midget may have entered Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | First wave composition",
"text": "The results the Japanese achieved in the Philippines were essentially the same as at Pearl Harbor, though MacArthur had almost nine hours warning that the Japanese had already attacked Pearl Harbor."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | Second wave composition",
"text": "One was tasked to attack Kāneʻohe, the rest Pearl Harbor proper."
},
{
"section_header": "Salvage",
"text": "Around Pearl Harbor, divers from the Navy (shore and tenders), the Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard, and civilian contractors (Pacific Bridge Company and others) began work on the ships that could be refloated."
},
{
"section_header": "Approach and attack | American casualties and damage",
"text": "At the time of the attack, nine civilian aircraft were flying in the vicinity of Pearl Harbor."
}
] |
After Pearl Harbor there were many interment camps.
| 4 | 5 |
Attack on Pearl Harbor
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The development of Spartacus was partly instigated by Kirk Douglas's failure to win the title role in William Wyler's Ben-Hur."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Shortly after, Edward (Eddie) Lewis, a vice president in Douglas's film company, Bryna Productions (named after Douglas's mother), had Douglas read Howard Fast's novel, Spartacus, which had a related theme—an individual who challenges the might of the Roman Empire—and Douglas was impressed enough to purchase an option on the book from Fast with his own financing."
}
] |
wyEixTakXWrUh2bDU3Wm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Despite the film being a huge box office success, gaining four Oscars, and being considered to rank among the very best of historical epics, Kubrick later distanced himself from it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Kubrick had wanted to shoot the picture in Rome with cheap extras and resources, but Edward Muhl, president of Universal Pictures, wanted to make an example of the film and prove that a successful epic could be made in Hollywood itself and \"stem the flood of 'runaway' producers heading for Europe\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The Roman Senate becomes increasingly alarmed as Spartacus defeats the multiple armies it sends against him."
},
{
"section_header": "\"I'm Spartacus!\"",
"text": "The audio of the scene was also played at the start of each Roger Waters"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "Mr. Douglas sets his blunt, horse-opera style against the toga-clad precision of Mr. Laughton and the Roman-nosed gentility of Mr. Olivier."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "With Dalton Trumbo's screenplay being completed in two weeks, Universal and Douglas won the \"Spartacus\" race."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay development",
"text": "Otto Preminger made public that Trumbo wrote the screenplay for his film Exodus, and Kirk Douglas publicly announced that Trumbo was the screenwriter of Spartacus."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Awards and nominations",
"text": "Spartacus was acknowledged as the fifth best film in the epic genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "One of these, a proud and gifted Thracian named Spartacus (Kirk Douglas), is so uncooperative in his position in a mining pit that he is sentenced to death by starvation."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | 1991 restoration",
"text": "The idea for the film's restoration came about after the American Cinematheque asked Universal Pictures for a print of Spartacus following their then-recent tribute to Kirk Douglas."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "The development of Spartacus was partly instigated by Kirk Douglas's failure to win the title role in William Wyler's Ben-Hur."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Shortly after, Edward (Eddie) Lewis, a vice president in Douglas's film company, Bryna Productions (named after Douglas's mother), had Douglas read Howard Fast's novel, Spartacus, which had a related theme—an individual who challenges the might of the Roman Empire—and Douglas was impressed enough to purchase an option on the book from Fast with his own financing."
}
] |
Kirk Douglas wanted to be in an epic film about going against the Romans, and that is how the movie Spartacus got its start.
| 0 | 0 |
Spartacus (film)
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | QuickTake by Bloomberg",
"text": "QuickTake (formerly TicToc) is Bloomberg's social media brand."
}
] |
wydJNoGiBR0VBJzUKYz8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | QuickTake by Bloomberg",
"text": "In December 2019, TicToc was renamed to QuickTake in order to avoid confusion with the social media platform TikTok."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | QuickTake by Bloomberg",
"text": "QuickTake (formerly TicToc) is Bloomberg's social media brand."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | QuickTake by Bloomberg",
"text": "The platform is managed by a team of 70 people, consisting of editors, producers and social media specialists located across three bureaus in New York, London and Hong Kong."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. has remained a private company since its founding; the majority of which is owned by billionaire Michael Bloomberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | QuickTake by Bloomberg",
"text": "Originally launched on Twitter, it was expanded to other platforms including Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and is also available on Amazon's Alexa."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. then amended its name to Bloomberg Finance Three L.P. Bloomberg Ltd was ordered at the Company Names Tribunal on May 11, 2009, to change its name so as to not have a name that would likely interfere, by similarity, with the goodwill of Bloomberg Finance Three L.P. as well as to pay costs."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Bloomberg L.P. v. Bloomberg Ltd",
"text": "On October 22, 2008, Bloomberg L.P. applied for a change of name of Bloomberg Ltd, under s.69(1)(b) of the Companies Act 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversies | Sekiko Sakai Garrison v. Michael Bloomberg and Bloomberg L.P.",
"text": "According to the lawsuit, Garrison told a manager about the incident but was told to \"forget it ever happened\" before being fired."
},
{
"section_header": "Acquisitions | Bloomberg Businessweek (formerly BusinessWeek)",
"text": "In 2018, Joel Weber was named editor of the magazine."
}
] |
The company Bloomberg L.P. owns QuickTake which used to be named TikToc because it sounded like the media platform TikTok.
| 0 | 0 |
Bloomberg L.P.
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
}
] |
wyqj2ApgPgYsn5RCUZqv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "But then left fielder Frank Thomas, who did not speak a word of Spanish, slammed into Ashburn."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "When calling late innings, Ashburn would occasionally ask on-air if the staff of Celebre's Pizza, a nearby pizzeria in South Philly, was listening to the radio."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn caught the ball in front of the right centerfield screen 400 feet distant after a long run.\" He was also the last Phillies player to collect eight hits in a double-header when he singled eight times in a twinbill at Pittsburgh on May 20, 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "One oft-told story is that on short flies to center or left-center, center fielder Ashburn would collide with shortstop Elio Chacón."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "The Associated Press reported, \"Richie Ashburn, fleet footed Philadelphia Phillies outfielder, brought the huge Briggs Stadium crowd of 52,075 to its feet with a brilliant leaping catch in the sixth inning to rob Vic Wertz of a near homer."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "One of the famous \"Whiz Kids\" of the National League champion 1950 Phillies, Ashburn spent 12 of his 15 major-league seasons as the Phillies' center fielder (1948–1959)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Don Richard Ashburn (March 19, 1927 – September 9, 1997), also known by the nicknames, \"Putt-Putt\", \"The Tilden Flash\", and \"Whitey\" (due to his light-blond hair), was an American center fielder in Major League Baseball. (Some sources give his full middle name as \"Richie\".) He was born in Tilden, Nebraska."
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "The book, \"Richie Ashburn: Why The Hall"
},
{
"section_header": "Miscellaneous",
"text": "Ashburn was well known for his dry humor as a broadcaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Ashburn accumulated the most hits (1,875) of any batter during the 1950s."
}
] |
Ashburn was a right fielder in MLB.
| 3 | 6 |
Richie Ashburn
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the state of Vermont)."
}
] |
wyt4arzdM7LZ1jnIk9P8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys disbanded more than a year before Vermont declared its independence in 1777 from Great Britain \"as a separate, free and independent jurisdiction or state\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vermont Republic operated for 14 years, before being admitted in 1791 to the United States as the 14th state."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Vermont Army version of the Green Mountain Boys faded away after Vermont joined the United States as the 14th U.S. state in 1791, although the Green Mountain Boys mustered for the War of 1812, The Civil War, the Spanish–American War, and following World War I as the Vermont National Guard."
},
{
"section_header": "Vermont National Guard",
"text": "Both units use the original Green Mountain Boys battle flag as their banner."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The remnants of the Green Mountain Boys militia were largely reconstituted as the Green Mountain Continental Rangers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys was a militia organization first established in the late 1760s in the territory between the British provinces of New York and New Hampshire, known as the New Hampshire Grants and later in 1777 as the Vermont Republic (which later became the state of Vermont)."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The Green Mountain Boys later formed the basis of the Vermont militia that selected Seth Warner as its leader."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original Green Mountain Boys were a militia organized in what is now southwestern Vermont in the decade prior to the American Revolutionary War."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Ethan Allen then went to Westminster with a band of Boys and organized a convention calling for the territory's independence from New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By the 1770s, the Green Mountain Boys had become an armed military force and de facto government, which was also a militia, that prevented New York from exercising its authority in the northeast portion of the Province of New York."
}
] |
The Green Mountain Boys were a militia that was around before the independence of the United States from England .
| 0 | 0 |
Green Mountain Boys
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Pisces, class Osteichthyes."
}
] |
wz5c2aQMaI7Rcl2BDHBS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A chordate () is an animal of the phylum Chordata."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Chordata and Ambulacraria together form the superphylum Deuterostomia."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "The invertebrate chordate classes are from Fishes of the World."
},
{
"section_header": "Phylogeny | Overview",
"text": "Haikouichthys and Myllokunmingia, also from the Chengjiang fauna, are regarded as fish."
},
{
"section_header": "Phylogeny | Overview",
"text": "The current consensus is that chordates are monophyletic, meaning that the Chordata include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, which is itself a chordate, and that craniates' nearest relatives are tunicates."
},
{
"section_header": "Subphyla | Craniata (Vertebrata)",
"text": "They have complete braincases and rudimentary vertebrae, and therefore may be regarded as vertebrates and true fish."
},
{
"section_header": "History of name",
"text": "Benton included the Superclass Tetrapoda in the Subclass Sarcopterygii in order to reflect the direct descent of tetrapods from lobe-finned fish, despite the former being assigned a higher taxonomic rank.)Class Amphibia (amphibians; 8,100+ species) Class Sauropsida (reptiles (including birds); 19,000+ species – 10,000+ species of birds and 9,500+ species of reptiles) Class Synapsida (mammals; 5,700+ species) Although the name Chordata is attributed to William Bateson (1885), it was already in prevalent use by 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Pisces, class Osteichthyes."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "A dorsal neural tube. In fish and other vertebrates, this develops into the spinal cord, the main communications trunk of the nervous system."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "Class †Cephalaspidomorphi Infraphylum Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Class †Placodermi (Paleozoic armoured forms; paraphyletic in relation to all other gnathostomes) Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish; 900+ species) Class †Acanthodii (Paleozoic \"spiny sharks\"; paraphyletic in relation to Chondrichthyes) Class Osteichthyes (bony fish; 30,000+ species) Subclass Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish; about 30,000 species) Subclass Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish: 8 species) Superclass Tetrapoda (four-limbed vertebrates; 28,000+ species) (The classification below follows Benton 2004, and uses a synthesis of rank-based Linnaean taxonomy and also reflects evolutionary relationships."
}
] |
All the Chordata are fishes.
| 0 | 0 |
Chordata
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "\"We know that Katherina obeys her husband, but has her spirit been really tamed I wonder?"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "The adaptation was written by Gilbert Seldes, who employed a narrator (Godfrey Tearle) to fill in gaps in the story, tell the audience about the clothes worn by the characters and offer opinions as to the direction of the plot."
}
] |
wz6kozqrOztp828SoXDj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "His main argument was that, primarily in the subplot of A Shrew, characters act without motivation, whereas such motivation is present in The Shrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Katherina is the only one of the three who comes, winning the wager for Petruchio."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | The relationship with A Shrew",
"text": "In The Shrew, after the wedding, Gremio expresses doubts as to whether or not Petruchio will be able to tame Katherina."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis and criticism | Critical history | Induction",
"text": "The drunken tinker may be believed in as one believes in any realistically presented character; but we cannot 'believe' in something that is not even mildly interesting to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "\"We know that Katherina obeys her husband, but has her spirit been really tamed I wonder?"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "Petruchio was renamed Manly, and Katherina was renamed Margaret (nicknamed Peg)."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Musical/Ballet",
"text": "\"Cole Porter's musical Kiss Me, Kate is an adaptation of Taming of the Shrew."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "However, Baptista has sworn Bianca is not allowed to marry until Katherina is wed; this motivates Bianca's suitors to work together to find Katherina a husband so that they may compete for Bianca."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "In 1932, National Programme aired another truncated version, this one running eighty-five minutes, and again starring Couper, with Francis James as Petruchio."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "The adaptation was written by Gilbert Seldes, who employed a narrator (Godfrey Tearle) to fill in gaps in the story, tell the audience about the clothes worn by the characters and offer opinions as to the direction of the plot."
}
] |
One of the adaptations of The Taming of the Shrew removes the character who questions the motives of Petruchio and Katherina.
| 0 | 0 |
The Taming of the Shrew
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time."
}
] |
x0IuvXujfhBPOVogk913
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Live Like You Were Dying",
"text": "Later in the year, McGraw became a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats when majority owner Bud Adams (owner of the NFL's Tennessee Titans) was awarded the expansion franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career",
"text": "The movie went on to gross over $60 million worldwide at the box office, and sold millions in the DVD market."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Tim McGraw",
"text": "Three more singles were released from Tim McGraw: \"Welcome to the Club\", \"Memory Lane\", and \"Two Steppin' Mind\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Let It Go",
"text": "The tour grossed roughly $89 million and sold approximately 1.1 million tickets, making it the top-grossing tour in the history of country music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | A Place in the Sun",
"text": "McGraw recorded two more duets with his wife in the late-1990s, both of which appeared on her albums."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 2000s | Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors",
"text": "In 2002, McGraw bucked country music traditions by recording his seventh studio album Tim McGraw and the Dancehall Doctors with his tour band The Dancehall Doctors."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1990s | Not a Moment Too Soon",
"text": "The album sold over 6 million copies, topping the Billboard 200 and Top Country Album charts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw has released fifteen studio albums (eleven for Curb Records, three for Big Machine Records and one for Arista Nashville)."
}
] |
Tim McGraw has sold more than 80 million records worldwide, and was a minority owner of the Arena Football League's Nashville Kats.
| 0 | 0 |
Tim McGraw
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "The Bee Gees' concerts in 1967 and 1968 (1967–1968) 2 Years On Tour (1971) Trafalgar Tour (1972) Mr. Natural Tour (1974) Main Course Tour (1975) Children of the World Tour (1976) Spirits"
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "Having Flown Tour (1979) One for All World Tour (1989) High Civilization World Tour (1991) One Night"
}
] |
x0WckL4YW4bgsLLQVPm7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "Having Flown Tour (1979) One for All World Tour (1989) High Civilization World Tour (1991) One Night"
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1999: Comeback, return to popularity and Andy's death",
"text": "five hit \"Secret Love\" , the Bee Gees went on a European tour."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "Melouney did achieve one feat while with the Bee Gees: his composition \"Such a Shame\" (from Idea) is the only song on any Bee Gees album not written by a Gibb brother."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "By 1960, the Bee Gees were featured on television shows, including their performance of \"Time Is Passing By\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "Around the same time, the Bee Gees turned down an offer to write and perform the soundtrack for the film Wonderwall, according to director Joe Massot."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "After the release of Bee Gees' 1st, the group was first introduced in New York as \"the English surprise.\" At that time, the band made their first British TV appearance on Top of the Pops."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees have sold over 120 million records worldwide making them one of the world's best-selling artists of all time (several sources, including Billboard, list the sales figures as high as 220 million)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Odessa, Cucumber Castle and breakup",
"text": "They had recruited their sister, Lesley, into the group at this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Concert tours",
"text": "The Bee Gees' concerts in 1967 and 1968 (1967–1968) 2 Years On Tour (1971) Trafalgar Tour (1972) Mr. Natural Tour (1974) Main Course Tour (1975) Children of the World Tour (1976) Spirits"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "we went through\". Following Robin's death on 20 May 2012, Beyoncé remarked: \"The Bee Gees were an early inspiration for me, Kelly Rowland and Michelle."
}
] |
The Bee Gees went on tour eleven times.
| 2 | 7 |
Bee Gees
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Denton True \"Cy\" Young (March 29, 1867 – November 4, 1955) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher."
}
] |
x0ZZsf1t2WZN5OuLTKZe
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Cleveland Spiders",
"text": "While Young was on the Spiders, Chief Zimmer was his catcher more often than any other player."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Shift to St. Louis",
"text": "Young spent two years with St. Louis, which is where he found his favorite catcher, Lou Criger."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "On August 13, 1908, the league celebrated \"Cy Young Day.\" No American League games were played on that day, and a group of All-Stars from the league's other teams gathered in Boston to play against Young and the Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The honor was divided into two Cy Young Awards in 1967, one for each league."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cy Young was the oldest child born to McKinzie Young, Jr. a German American and Nancy Mottmiller."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Reporters later shortened the name to \"Cy\", which became the nickname Young used for the rest of his life."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Three months past his 41st birthday, Cy Young was the oldest pitcher to record a no-hitter, a record which would stand 82 years until 43-year-old Nolan Ryan surpassed the feat."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | Move to Boston of the American League",
"text": "Young would remain with the Boston team until 1909."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1956, one year after his death, the Cy Young Award was created to honor the best pitcher in each league for each season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Denton True \"Cy\" Young (March 29, 1867 – November 4, 1955) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher."
}
] |
Cy Young was a catcher for the Boston Braves.
| 1 | 4 |
Cy Young
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include \"The Blue Danube\", \"Kaiser-Walzer\" (Emperor Waltz), \"Tales from the Vienna Woods\", and the \"Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka\"."
}
] |
x1NxbNxnmigVPihdDdPy
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stage works",
"text": "Brahms, however, inscribed a few measures from the \"Blue Danube\", and then wrote beneath it: \"Unfortunately, NOT by Johannes Brahms.\" The most famous of Strauss' operettas are Die Fledermaus, Eine Nacht in Venedig, and Der Zigeunerbaron."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Some of Johann Strauss's most famous works include \"The Blue Danube\", \"Kaiser-Walzer\" (Emperor Waltz), \"Tales from the Vienna Woods\", and the \"Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayals in the media",
"text": "The 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey features The Blue Danube."
},
{
"section_header": "Career advancements",
"text": "He would return to perform in Russia every year until 1865.In 1862, the 27-year-old Eduard Strauss officially joined the Strauss orchestra as another conductor, and he and his brother Josef would lead it until 1870.Later, in the 1870s, Strauss and his orchestra toured the United States, where he took part in the Boston Festival at the invitation of bandmaster Patrick Gilmore and was the lead conductor in a \"Monster Concert\" of over 1000 performers (see World's Peace Jubilee and International Musical Festival), performing his \"Blue Danube\" waltz, amongst other pieces, to great acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage works",
"text": "Strauss also wrote an opera, Ritter Pázmán, and was in the middle of composing a ballet, Aschenbrödel, when he died in 1899."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His other violin teacher, Anton Kollmann, who was the ballet répétiteur of the Vienna Court Opera, also wrote excellent testimonials for him."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In addition, the Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Strauss family so famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage works",
"text": "There are many dance pieces drawn from themes of his operettas, such as \"Cagliostro-Walzer\" Op. 370 (from Cagliostro in Wien), \"O Schöner Mai\" Walzer Op. 375 (from Prinz Methusalem), \"Rosen aus dem Süden\" Walzer Op."
},
{
"section_header": "Spelling of name",
"text": "Although the name Strauss can be found in reference books frequently with \"ß\" (Strauß), Strauss himself wrote his name with a long \"s\" and a round \"s\" (Strauſs), which was a replacement form for the Fraktur-ß used in antique manuscripts."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages",
"text": "She encouraged his creative talent to flow once more in his later years, resulting in many famous compositions, such as the operettas Der Zigeunerbaron and Waldmeister, and the waltzes \"Kaiser-Walzer\" Op. 437, \"Kaiser Jubiläum\" Op. 434, and"
}
] |
Johann Strauss wrote the famous piece The Blue Danube.
| 0 | 0 |
Johann Strauss, the Younger
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Elemental fluorine does not occur naturally."
}
] |
x1ShLBUxpgOYv3nrQm98
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Owing to the expense of refining pure fluorine, most commercial applications use fluorine compounds, with about half of mined fluorite used in steelmaking."
},
{
"section_header": "Biological role",
"text": "Natural organofluorines have been found in microorganisms and plants but not animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Industrial routes to F2",
"text": "Temperatures are elevated , KF•2HF melting at 70 °C (158 °F) and being electrolyzed at 70–130 °C (158–266 °F)."
},
{
"section_header": "Industrial applications",
"text": "Fluorine is monoisotopic, so any mass differences between UF6 molecules are due to the presence of 235U or 238U, enabling uranium enrichment via gaseous diffusion or gas centrifuge."
},
{
"section_header": "Industrial applications",
"text": "→ 4 → 4 HF + SiO2 Fluorite mining, which supplies most global fluorine, peaked in 1989 when 5.6 million metric tons of ore were extracted."
},
{
"section_header": "Medicinal applications | PET scanning",
"text": "Fluorine-18 is often found in radioactive tracers for positron emission tomography, as its half-life of almost two hours is long enough to allow for its transport from production facilities to imaging centers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Industrial routes to F2",
"text": "Moissan's method is used to produce industrial quantities of fluorine, via the electrolysis of a potassium fluoride/hydrogen fluoride mixture: hydrogen and fluoride ions are reduced and oxidized at a steel container cathode and a carbon block anode, under 8–12 volts, to generate hydrogen and fluorine gas respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Industrial applications | Organic fluorides",
"text": "Organofluorides consume over 20% of mined fluorite and over 40% of hydrofluoric acid, with refrigerant gases dominating and fluoropolymers increasing their market share."
},
{
"section_header": "Environmental concerns | Biopersistence",
"text": "PFAAs have been found in trace quantities worldwide from polar bears to humans, with PFOS and PFOA known to reside in breast milk and the blood of newborn babies."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Isolation",
"text": "Frémy's former student Henri Moissan persevered, and after much trial and error found that a mixture of potassium bifluoride and dry hydrogen fluoride was a conductor, enabling electrolysis."
},
{
"section_header": "Occurrence | Earth",
"text": "Elemental fluorine does not occur naturally."
}
] |
Fluorine can't be found via mining.
| 0 | 0 |
Fluorine
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Throughout his life, Grieg's health was impaired by a destroyed left lung and considerable deformity of his thoracic spine."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He suffered from numerous respiratory infections, and ultimately developed combined lung and heart failure."
}
] |
x1hCFOLB0ZPv8BhV2WRz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "In an 1874 letter to his friend Frants Beyer, Grieg expressed his unhappiness with Dance of the Mountain King's Daughter, one of the movements he composed for Peer Gynt, writing \"I have also written something for the scene in the hall of the mountain King – something that I literally can't bear listening to because it absolutely reeks of cow-pies, exaggerated Norwegian nationalism, and trollish self-satisfaction!"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "Grainger was a great admirer of Grieg's music and a strong empathy was quickly established."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Edvard Grieg was raised in a musical family."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "Grieg was cremated, and his ashes were entombed in a mountain crypt near his house, Troldhaugen."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Edvard Hagerup Grieg was born in Bergen, Norway (then part of Sweden–Norway)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Edvard Grieg Museum at Grieg's former home, Troldhaugen, is dedicated to his legacy."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "Edvard Grieg and his wife were Unitarians and Nina attended the Unitarian church in Copenhagen after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "He wakes up in a mountain surrounded by trolls."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The music ends with Peer escaping from the mountain."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "\"In the spring of 1860, he survived two life-threatening lung diseases, pleurisy and tuberculosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Throughout his life, Grieg's health was impaired by a destroyed left lung and considerable deformity of his thoracic spine."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "He suffered from numerous respiratory infections, and ultimately developed combined lung and heart failure."
}
] |
Edvard Grieg liked to boast that his lungs were as strong as the Mountain King's from all that bracing, Nordic air.
| 0 | 0 |
Edvard Grieg
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Kreisler was born in Vienna, the son of Anna (née Reaches) and Samuel Kreisler, a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Of Jewish heritage, he was however baptised at the age of 12."
}
] |
x2lFltmRFfFcBdEwm1g2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Work | Autobiography",
"text": "Kreisler, Fritz (1915). Four Weeks in the Trenches."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Of Jewish heritage, he was however baptised at the age of 12."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Friedrich-Max \"Fritz\" Kreisler (February 2, 1875 – January 29, 1962) was an Austrian-born American violinist and composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Kreisler was born in Vienna, the son of Anna (née Reaches) and Samuel Kreisler, a doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Kreisler makes considerable use of portamento and rubato."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Kreisler died of a heart condition aggravated by old age in New York City in 1962."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Kreisler wrote a number of pieces for the violin, including solos for encores, such as \"Liebesleid\" and \"Liebesfreud\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Kreisler performed and recorded his own version of the first movement of Paganini's D major Violin Concerto."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "In 1910, Kreisler gave the premiere of Sir Edward Elgar's Violin Concerto, a work commissioned by and dedicated to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "When critics complained, Kreisler replied that they had already deemed the compositions worthy: \"The name changes, the value remains\", he said."
}
] |
Fritz Kreisler was a Wiener of Judaic heritage.
| 0 | 0 |
Fritz Kreisler
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "However, when Zapata arrived at the Hacienda de San Juan, in Chinameca, Ayala municipality, Guajardo's men riddled him with bullets."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "After he was gunned down, they then took his body to Cuautla to claim the bounty, where they are reputed to have been given only half of what was promised."
}
] |
x3CzSRh2aLqyKUo7Rv4K
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "There are controversies about the portrayal of Emiliano Zapata and his followers, whether they were bandits or revolutionaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Emiliano Zapata Salazar (Spanish pronunciation: [emiˈljano saˈpata]; 8 August 1879 – 10 April 1919) was a leading figure in the Mexican Revolution, the main leader of the peasant revolution in the state of Morelos, and the inspiration of the agrarian movement called Zapatismo."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Towns, streets, and housing developments called \"Emiliano Zapata\" are common across the country and he has, at times, been depicted on Mexican banknotes."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "He accused Guajardo of not only being a drunk, but of being a traitor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years before the Revolution",
"text": "Emiliano Zapata was born to Gabriel Zapata and Cleofas Jertrudiz Salazar of Anenecuilco, Morelos, a well-known local family; Emiliano's godfather was the manager of a large local hacienda, and his godmother was the manager's wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "At the conclusion of the mock battle, the former Zapatistas were arrested and shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "To many Mexicans, especially the peasant and indigenous citizens, Zapata was a practical revolutionary who sought the implementation of liberties and agrarian rights outlined in the Plan of Ayala."
},
{
"section_header": "Zapata under pressure",
"text": "Zapata released statements accusing Carranza of being secretly sympathetic to the Germans."
},
{
"section_header": "Zapata rebuilds Morelos",
"text": "The only official event in Morelos during this entire year was a bullfight in which Zapata himself and his nephew Amador Salazar participated."
},
{
"section_header": "The 1910 Revolution",
"text": "With the support of revolutionary forces in the north, general Pascual Orozco and colonel Pancho Villa, and in the south, forces led by Emiliano Zapata, and rebellious peasants, Díaz was forced to resign the presidency."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "However, when Zapata arrived at the Hacienda de San Juan, in Chinameca, Ayala municipality, Guajardo's men riddled him with bullets."
},
{
"section_header": "Assassination",
"text": "After he was gunned down, they then took his body to Cuautla to claim the bounty, where they are reputed to have been given only half of what was promised."
}
] |
Mexican revolutionary Emiliano Zapata Salazar died from being shot.
| 0 | 0 |
Emiliano Zapata
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "While there, he helped arrange the marriage between Conrad and Maximilla, the daughter of Count Roger of Sicily, which occurred later that year at Pisa; her large dowry helped finance Conrad's continued campaigns."
}
] |
x3HQ1aolZYt5J5rYdA17
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pope Urban II (Latin: Urbanus II; c. 1035 – 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II died on 29 July 1099, fourteen days after the fall of Jerusalem to the Crusaders, but before news of the event had reached Italy; his successor was Pope Paschal II."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "He supported the rebellion of Prince Conrad against his father and bestowed the office of groom on Conrad at Cremona in 1095."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "The five versions of Urban's speech likely reflect much more clearly what later authors thought Urban II should have said to launch the First Crusade than what Urban II actually did say."
},
{
"section_header": "Veneration",
"text": "Pope Urban was beatified in 1881 by Pope Leo XIII with his feast day on 29 July."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Urban II refers to liberating the church as a whole or the eastern churches generally rather than to reconquering Jerusalem itself."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Spain",
"text": "Pope Urban was concerned that the focus on the east and Jerusalem would neglect the fight in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "While there, he helped arrange the marriage between Conrad and Maximilla, the daughter of Count Roger of Sicily, which occurred later that year at Pisa; her large dowry helped finance Conrad's continued campaigns."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | Struggle for authority",
"text": "He supported the theological and ecclesiastical work of Anselm, negotiating a solution to the cleric's impasse with King William II of England and finally receiving England's support against the Imperial pope in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "Papacy | First Crusade",
"text": "Robert continued: When Pope Urban had said these ... things in his urbane discourse, he so influenced to one purpose the desires of all who were present, that they cried out \" It is the will of God!"
}
] |
Pope Urban II played matchmaker between Prince Gustav and Marie de Valois.
| 0 | 0 |
Pope Urban II
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai was the second-most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh-most populous city in the world with a population of roughly 20 million."
}
] |
x3Sro8u1LtPHy6rOfumD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Early history",
"text": "It is not exactly known when these islands were first inhabited."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mumbai (English: , Marathi: [ˈmumbəi]; colloquially known as Bombay , the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "Mumbai had been a traditional stronghold and birthplace of the Indian National Congress, also known as the Congress Party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "The territories were later surrendered on 25 October"
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "Beaches are a major tourist attraction in the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Mumbai is home to the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and Indian Premier League (IPL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Along with construction of major roads and railways, the reclamation project, completed in 1845, transformed Bombay into a major seaport on the Arabian Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As per Indian government population census of 2011, Mumbai was the most populous city in India with an estimated city proper population of 12.5 million living under Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Portuguese and British rule",
"text": "While the city was the capital of the Bombay Presidency, the Indian independence movement fostered the Quit India Movement in 1942 and the Royal Indian Navy mutiny in 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city is also home to Bollywood and Marathi cinema industries."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to United Nations, as of 2018, Mumbai was the second-most populous city in India after Delhi and the seventh-most populous city in the world with a population of roughly 20 million."
}
] |
This major Indian city also known as Bombay is home to 25 million inhabitants.
| 3 | 4 |
Mumbai
|
Sports
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ryan married his high school sweetheart, the former Ruth Holdorff, on June 25, 1967."
}
] |
x3aSu8qQ4vV14jy7Glgl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "On August 6, 1992, Ryan had the only ejection of his career when he was ejected after engaging in a shouting match with Oakland Athletics outfielder Willie Wilson with two outs in the ninth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Despite this, he never pitched a perfect game, nor did he ever win a Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Ryan's log of spectacular accomplishments is as thick as Bill Clinton's little black book; his list of flaws and failures is lengthy but dry, and will never make for good reading."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The numismatic community subsequently referred to the coin as the \"Nolan Ryan dollar."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nolan Ryan resides in the Cimarron Hills community in Georgetown, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lynn Nolan Ryan Sr. (1907–1970), and the former Martha Lee Hancock (1913–1990)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Houston Astros (1980–1988)",
"text": "Ryan got a no-decision as his Astros lost in 12 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Alvin Independent School District opened Nolan Ryan Junior High School, located at 11500 Shadow Creek Parkway (FM 2234) in Pearland, Texas, just a few hundred yards away from the Nolan Ryan Expressway."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In 34 total innings Ryan had 54 strikeouts in 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity",
"text": "His likeness was used in the \"Nolan Ryan Fitness Guide\", published by The President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Ryan married his high school sweetheart, the former Ruth Holdorff, on June 25, 1967."
}
] |
Nolan Ryan was never engaged in matrimony.
| 3 | 9 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Everyone retires with full benefits at age 45, and may eat in any of the public kitchens (realized as factory-kitchens in the 1920s-30s in the USSR)."
}
] |
x4BSPrmUHeU4LIBvlF2z
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy and later responses",
"text": "Looking Backward influenced the novel Future of a New China by Liang Qichao."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Looking Backward: 2000–1887 is a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.It"
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Although Bellamy's novel did not discuss technology or the economy in detail, commentators frequently compare Looking Backward with actual economic and technological developments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "November 1890, Mar–Apr 1891) Schindler, S. 'Dr. Leete's Letter to Julian West', The Nationalist (September 1890) Schindler, S. Young West: A Sequel to Edward Bellamy's Celebrated Novel \" Looking Backward\" (1894) Stone, C.H. One of Berrian's Novels (1890) Worley, F.U. Three Thousand Dollars a Year (1890) [a gradualist utopia]"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "Michaelis, R.C. Looking Further Forward: An Answer to \"Looking Backward\" by Edward Bellamy (1890) Morris, William, News from Nowhere (1890) Roberts,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "J.W. Looking Within: The Misleading Tendencies of \"Looking Backward\" Made Manifest (1893) Sanders, G.A. Reality: or Law and order vs. Anarchy and Socialism, A Reply to Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward and Equality (1898) Satterlee, W.W. Looking Backward and What I Saw (1890) Vinton,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "The back-and-forth nature of the debate is illustrated by the subtitle of Geissler's 1891 Looking Beyond, which is \"A Sequel to 'Looking Backward' by Edward Bellamy and an Answer to 'Looking Forward' by Richard Michaelis\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Precursors",
"text": "For example, in The True Author of Looking Backward (1890) J. B. Shipley argued that Bellamy's novel was a repeat of Bebel's arguments, while literary critic R. L. Shurter went so far as to argue that \"Looking Backward is actually a fictionalized version of The Co-operative Commonwealth and little more\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reaction and sequels",
"text": "Many members of the Knights read Looking Backward and also joined Bellamy's Nationalist clubs."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The remainder of the book outlines Bellamy's thoughts about improving the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Everyone retires with full benefits at age 45, and may eat in any of the public kitchens (realized as factory-kitchens in the 1920s-30s in the USSR)."
}
] |
Edward Bellamy's vision of the future in his novel Looking Backward included free food.
| 0 | 0 |
Looking Backward
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952."
}
] |
x4hswm3uVNCaPoXHDrt8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "An immersive opera and gallery installation, WISE BLOOD [1],"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "WISE BLOOD features an incredibly diverse cast of performers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wise Blood is the first novel by American author Flannery O'Connor, published in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary context",
"text": "Wise Blood began with four separate stories published in Mademoiselle, Sewanee Review, and Partisan Review in 1948 and 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "\" The incident causes Emery's \"wise blood\" to give him some inarticulated revelation, and he seeks out a program of the \"gorilla's\" future appearances."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Emery introduces Motes to the concept of \"wise blood,\" an idea that he has innate, worldly knowledge of what direction to take in life, and requires no spiritual or emotional guidance."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "A film was made of Wise Blood in 1979, directed by John Huston, and starring Brad Dourif as Hazel Motes and John Huston himself as the evangelist grandfather."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "From the Soap Factory website: \"Visual artist Chris Larson and composer Anthony Gatto join forces to bring the darkly humorous world of Flannery O'Connor's WISE BLOOD to life."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Flannery O'Connor then published it as a complete novel in 1952, and Signet advertised it as \"A Searching Novel of Sin and Redemption.\" In the introduction to the 10th anniversary publication of Wise Blood, O'Connor states that the book is about freedom, free will, life and death, and the inevitability of belief."
}
] |
Wise Blood was written in 1962.
| 1 | 4 |
Wise Blood
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Spalding retired from playing baseball in 1878 at the age of 27, although he continued as president and part owner of the White Stockings and a major influence on the National League."
}
] |
x4piYbQTMTbXWLwoUJoU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Tour",
"text": "Playing across the western U.S., the tour made stops in Hawaii (although no game was played), New Zealand, Australia, Ceylon, Egypt, Italy, France, and England."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Star pitcher of Forest City Club in late 1860s,"
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Having played baseball throughout his youth, Spalding first played competitively with the Rockford Pioneers, a youth team, which he joined in 1865."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Playing to the pitcher's desire to return to his Midwestern roots and challenging Spalding's integrity, Hulbert convinced Spalding to sign a contract to play for the White Stockings (now known as the Chicago Cubs) in 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Spalding retired from playing baseball in 1878 at the age of 27, although he continued as president and part owner of the White Stockings and a major influence on the National League."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played major league baseball between 1871 and 1878."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Organizer and executive",
"text": "They first played in an area called the Hot Springs Baseball Grounds."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Businessman",
"text": "In 1874 while Spalding was playing and organizing the league, Spalding and his brother Walter began a sporting goods store in Chicago, which grew rapidly (14 stores by 1901) and expanded into a manufacturer and distributor of all kinds of sporting equipment."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "This was all done under complete secrecy during the playing season because players were all free agents in those days and they did not want their current club and especially the fans to know they were leaving to play elsewhere the next year."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Player",
"text": "Spalding's .796 career winning percentage (from an era when teams played about once or twice a week) is the highest ever by a baseball pitcher, far exceeding the second-best .690."
}
] |
Al Spalding stopped playing baseball in his late 20s.
| 0 | 0 |
Al Spalding
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives."
}
] |
x528xA4o16DR8ZUCUj92
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Political | Jungian",
"text": "The shadow is the container of all our despised emotions repressed by the ego."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Christian",
"text": ", Beckett replied, 'None of the three' \"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Godot",
"text": "\"Deirdre Bair says that though \"Beckett will never discuss the implications of the title\", she suggests two stories that both may have at least partially inspired it."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Sexual",
"text": "It has been said that the play contains little or no sexual hope; which is the play's lament, and the source of the play's humour and comedic tenderness."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Pozzo and Lucky",
"text": "Gautier suggested Parkinson's disease, which, she said, \"begins with a trembling, which gets more and more noticeable, until later the patient can no longer speak without the voice shaking\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Vladimir and Estragon",
"text": "Vladimir's life is not without its discomforts too but he is the more resilient of the pair."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Pozzo and Lucky",
"text": "He confesses to a poor memory but it is more a result of an abiding self-absorption."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act I",
"text": "Lucky’s speech follows Pozzo’s command: “Think!”, and is seen to contain, in a cryptic manner, meanings that support the underlying themes of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretations | Christian",
"text": "Much can be read into Beckett's inclusion of the story of the two thieves from Luke 23:39–43 and the ensuing discussion of repentance."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Godot",
"text": "The second story, according to Bair, is that Beckett once encountered a group of spectators at the French Tour de France bicycle race, who told him \"Nous attendons Godot\" – they were waiting for a competitor whose name was Godot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Waiting for Godot ( GOD-oh) is a play by Samuel Beckett in which two characters, Vladimir (Didi) and Estragon (Gogo), engage in a variety of discussions and encounters while awaiting Godot, who never arrives."
}
] |
The story contains more than three major characters.
| 0 | 0 |
Waiting for Godot
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Notable statistics",
"text": "Fisk is one of only nineteen catchers elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame."
}
] |
x5C2NjwLAZIX9XYvXzHv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Chicago White Sox (1981–1993)",
"text": "Fisk was one of two final active position players in the 1990s who had played in the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Carlton Ernest Fisk (born December 26, 1947), nicknamed \"Pudge\" and \"The Commander\", is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fisk was voted to the All-Star team 11 times and won three Silver Slugger Awards which is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fisk was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Notable statistics",
"text": "In 2000, Fisk was elected to the Chicago White Sox All-Century Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career statistics",
"text": "Carlton Fisk's career statistics."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Notable statistics",
"text": "Fisk is one of only nineteen catchers elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Statue",
"text": "The Chicago White Sox unveiled a life-sized bronze statue of Carlton Fisk on August 7, 2005."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues",
"text": "In 62 games, Fisk hit .338 with 12 HR and 34 RBI.Fisk played 28 games for the Red Sox in the Florida Instructional League in 1969, hitting .245 with 4 HR and 19 RBI."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Boston Red Sox (1969, 1971–1980) | Last years in Boston",
"text": "The same injury left Fisk on the sidelines for several games during the 1979 season, a year in which his primary position was designated hitter."
}
] |
Carlton Fisk was elected to the HOF and is only 19 players from his position.
| 2 | 3 |
Carlton Fisk
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Gender",
"text": "The misreading has been often repeated in market research, reinforcing American culture's association of pink with girls on the basis of imagined innate characteristics."
},
{
"section_header": "History, art and fashion | 20th century - present",
"text": "The US presidential inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953 when Eisenhower's wife Mamie Eisenhower wore a pink dress as her inaugural gown is thought to have been a key turning point to the association of pink as a color associated with girls."
}
] |
x5koSu0aPesuMYlRlS63
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Gender",
"text": "In Europe and the United States, pink is often associated with girls, while blue is associated with boys."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Gender",
"text": "The misreading has been often repeated in market research, reinforcing American culture's association of pink with girls on the basis of imagined innate characteristics."
},
{
"section_header": "History, art and fashion | 20th century - present",
"text": "The US presidential inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1953 when Eisenhower's wife Mamie Eisenhower wore a pink dress as her inaugural gown is thought to have been a key turning point to the association of pink as a color associated with girls."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Common associations and popularity",
"text": "where green is the color most associated with springtime."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Common associations and popularity",
"text": "In Japan, pink is the color most commonly associated with springtime due to the blooming cherry blossoms."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Common associations and popularity",
"text": "Although it did not have any strong negative associations in these surveys, few respondents chose pink as their favorite color."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Common associations and popularity",
"text": "According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, softness, childhood, the feminine, and the romantic."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Gender",
"text": "Blue was also the usual color of school uniforms, for boys and girls."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Toys",
"text": "Toys aimed at girls often display pink prominently on packaging and the toy themselves."
},
{
"section_header": "In symbolism and culture | Gender",
"text": "Blue was associated with seriousness and study, while pink was associated with childhood and softness."
}
] |
Pink has often been associated with girls.
| 0 | 0 |
Pink
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegorical work, it can be read on several levels of allegory, including as praise (or, later, criticism) of Queen Elizabeth I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it is one of the longest poems in the English language as well as the work in which Spenser invented the verse form known as the Spenserian stanza."
}
] |
x5l7vFH6ZGafqoePKe5o
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegorical work, it can be read on several levels of allegory, including as praise (or, later, criticism) of Queen Elizabeth I."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it is one of the longest poems in the English language as well as the work in which Spenser invented the verse form known as the Spenserian stanza."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Dedication",
"text": "The poem is dedicated to Elizabeth I who is represented in the poem as the Faerie Queene Gloriana, as well as the character Belphoebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Symbolism and allusion",
"text": "Other symbols prevalent in The Faerie Queene are the numerous animal characters present in the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Archimago, an evil sorcerer who is sent to stop the knights in the service of the Faerie Queene."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "The Redcrosse Knight, hero of Book I. Introduced in the first canto of the poem"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "House of Pride (Faerie Queene) House of Pride (Faerie Queene) Abrams, M. H., ed. (2000), Norton Anthology of English Literature (7th ed.), New York: House of Pride (Faerie Queene) House of Pride (Faerie Queene) Abrams, M. H., ed. (2000), Norton Anthology of English Literature (7th ed.), New York: Norton Black, Joseph, ed. (2007), The Broadview Anthology of British Literature, A (concise ed.), Broadview Press, ISBN 978"
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Symbolism and allusion",
"text": "Throughout The Faerie Queene, Spenser creates \"a network of allusions to events, issues, and particular persons in England and Ireland\" including Mary, Queen of Scots, the Spanish Armada, the English Reformation, and even the Queen herself."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He is madly in love with the Faerie Queene and spends his time in pursuit of her when not helping the other knights out of their sundry predicaments."
}
] |
The Faerie Queene is an English poem that follows some knights.
| 3 | 5 |
The Faerie Queene
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "Typically he would come home and have dinner, and then sit in his armchair and listen to music until almost midnight."
}
] |
x64QoAMxOl9ADlEr8Hkt
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "The Concerto is dedicated to the memory of Glass's father: \"His favorite form was the violin concerto, and so I grew up listening to the Mendelssohn, the Paganini, the Brahms concertos."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "Typically he would come home and have dinner, and then sit in his armchair and listen to music until almost midnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "This openness to modern sounds affected Glass at an early age: My father was self-taught, but he ended up having a very refined and rich knowledge of classical, chamber, and contemporary music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 2008–present: Chamber music, concertos, and symphonies",
"text": "In August 2011, Glass presented a series of music, dance, and theater performances as part of the Days and Nights Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Music for film",
"text": "For television, Glass composed the theme for Night Stalker (2005) and the soundtrack for Tales from the Loop (2020)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 2008–present: Chamber music, concertos, and symphonies",
"text": "instruments\". In 2009 and 2010, Glass returned to the concerto genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "Glass developed his appreciation of music from his father, discovering later his father's side of the family had many musicians."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "He spent many hours listening to them, developing his knowledge and taste in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "I caught on to this very early, and I would go and listen with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "Glass's father often received promotional copies of new recordings at his music store."
}
] |
Glass picked up his love of music from his father who would listen every night when you returned home.
| 1 | 2 |
Philip Glass
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was nicknamed \"Deacon\" because he sang in his church choir and generally lived a quiet life."
}
] |
x667KGIc2AIUy3YfRLe6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "According to one baseball reference work, McKechnie had a poor sense of direction, which did not improve when, as the Reds' manager, he began traveling by plane."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "McKechnie was fired after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "Where do you think you are?\" \"Pittsburgh\", McKechnie said."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "McKechnie left the club after the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Cincinnati Reds and later career",
"text": "McKechnie gave him the names of the nearby streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "McKechnie died at age 79 in Bradenton, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "McKechnie, who by inclination was a player's manager, initially appeared to support them."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McKechnie was born on August 7, 1886 to Archibald and Mary McKechnie, two Scottish immigrants who had settled in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania shortly before Bill was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Gabby Street managed for a game before McKechnie returned as manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Managing career | Newark Peppers",
"text": "In 1913, McKechnie had his worst season as a full-time player, batting only .134."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was nicknamed \"Deacon\" because he sang in his church choir and generally lived a quiet life."
}
] |
McKechnie was referred to sometimes as "Duder".
| 1 | 6 |
Bill McKechnie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Before Pandora's arrival, man had lived free from evils, toil and illness, but she had been given a jar which contained all these curses; this she opened, releasing all its contents but Elpis (Ἔλπις, \"Hope\" or \"Expectation\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Zeus instructed the gods to build an \"evil\" for mankind: that is, Pandora, whom Prometheus's brother Epimetheus accepted from Hermes despite his brother's warnings never to accept gifts from the gods."
}
] |
x6Jd5qf8WQzveT106dUf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days (Ancient Greek: Ἔργα καὶ Ἡμέραι, Erga kai Hēmerai) is a didactic poem written by the ancient Greek poet Hesiod around 700 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "pp. 147–63. Peabody, Berkley, The Winged Word: A Study in the Technique of Ancient Greek Oral Composition as Seen Principally Through Hesiod's Works and Days, State University of New York Press, 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Works and Days is perhaps best known for its two mythological aetiologies for the toil and pain that define the human condition: the story of Prometheus and Pandora, and the so-called Myth of Five Ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The first lesson is why the immortals keep an easy livelihood hidden from mankind: the story of Prometheus and Pandora is the answer."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Zeus instructed the gods to build an \"evil\" for mankind: that is, Pandora, whom Prometheus's brother Epimetheus accepted from Hermes despite his brother's warnings never to accept gifts from the gods."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "In the Theogony, Pandora and the \"tribe of women\" had been sent as a plague upon man in punishment for Prometheus's attempt to deceive Zeus of his deserved portion when men and gods were dividing a feast, and for his subsequent theft of fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Kenaan, Vered Lev, Pandora's Senses : The Feminine Character of the Ancient Text, Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press, 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Hesiod then appeals to Zeus to guide his undertaking: \"Hearken, seeing and hearing, and through justice put straight the laws; and may I speak the truth to Perses.\" Hesiod begins the poem proper by directly engaging with the content of the Theogony."
},
{
"section_header": "Select editions and translations | Translations",
"text": "English translation with introduction and facing Greek text."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Verdenius, Willem Jacob, A Commentary on Hesiod Works and Days vv."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Before Pandora's arrival, man had lived free from evils, toil and illness, but she had been given a jar which contained all these curses; this she opened, releasing all its contents but Elpis (Ἔλπις, \"Hope\" or \"Expectation\")."
}
] |
The ancient Greek poem The Works and Days tells the story of Zeus and Pandora.
| 0 | 0 |
Works and Days
|
NOCAT
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "was Mataio Kekūanāoʻa. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu."
}
] |
x6P0TjoppkG9XKe0gHkK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kamehameha V: Lot Kapuāiwa. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "His sister and only named Heir Apparent to the throne, Crown Princess Victoria Kamāmalu had died childless in 1866 and through the remainder of his reign, Kamehameha V did not name a successor."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Since King Kamehameha III declared him eligible for the throne, he was educated at the Royal School like his cousins and siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "was Mataio Kekūanāoʻa. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "Kamehameha V surprised the supporters of bill, saying \"I will never sign the death warrant of my people."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "Before his death Kamehameha V stated The throne belongs to Lunalilo; I will not appoint him, because I consider him unworthy of the position."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth in travel to Hawaii",
"text": "He stayed for four months under his real name, Samuel Clemens, writing letters back to the Sacramento Union describing the islands."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "On July 7, 1864, he proposed a new constitution rather than amending the old one."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kapu āiwa means mysterious kapu or sacred one protected by supernatural powers."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "\" Alcoholism was one of the many causes of the already declining population of the native Hawaiians."
}
] |
Kamehameha V had four siblings, but one died when he was young.
| 0 | 0 |
Kamehameha V
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Thomas took the poem seriously and personally, and it may have been significant in Thomas' decision to enlist in World War I. Thomas was killed two years later in the Battle of Arras."
}
] |
x6b2jAcxgMv2XKIc18Je
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Road Not Taken\" is a poem by Robert Frost, published in 1916 as the first poem in the collection Mountain Interval."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"The Road Not Taken\" is a narrative poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Thompson also says that when introducing the poem in readings, Frost would say that the speaker was based on his friend Edward Thomas."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "After Frost returned to New Hampshire in 1915, he sent Thomas an advance copy of \"The Road Not Taken\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Thomas and Frost became close friends and took many walks together."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "According to the biographer Lawrance Thompson, as Frost was once about to read the poem, he commented to his audience, \"You have to be careful of that one; it's a tricky poem—very tricky,\" perhaps intending to suggest the poem's ironic possibilities."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Some have said that it is one of his most misunderstood poems, claiming that it is not simply a poem that champions the idea of \"following your own path\", but that the poem, they suggest, expresses some irony regarding that idea."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "In Frost's words, Thomas was \"a person who, whichever road he went, would be sorry he didn't go the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": ", it may be seen as an expression of regret or of satisfaction, but there is significance in the difference between what the speaker has just said of the two roads, and what he will say in the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "\"David Orr in the Paris Review argued the poem was widely misinterpreted."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Thomas took the poem seriously and personally, and it may have been significant in Thomas' decision to enlist in World War I. Thomas was killed two years later in the Battle of Arras."
}
] |
The Road Not Taken is a poem by Robert Frost that was written for his friend not to join the military.
| 0 | 0 |
The Road Not Taken
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's screenplay was written by Jackson, his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Del Toro left the project in May 2010, after about two years of working with Jackson and his production team, due to delays caused in part by financial problems at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer."
}
] |
x6z6FkgXOV3ZCe49cQ8c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Jackson was initially going to produce a two-film adaptation of The Hobbit, which was to be directed by Guillermo del Toro."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film's screenplay was written by Jackson, his longtime collaborators Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct the film before leaving the project in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is a 2012 epic high fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Del Toro left the project in May 2010, after about two years of working with Jackson and his production team, due to delays caused in part by financial problems at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "A film adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's novel The Hobbit (1937) was in development for several years after the critical and financial success of The Lord of the Rings film trilogy (2001–2003), co-written, co-produced, and directed by Peter Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | High frame rate",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey used a shooting and projection frame rate of 48 frames per second, becoming the first feature film with a wide release to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Animal deaths",
"text": "According to news reports, up to 27 animals died during the production of The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Distribution | Video games",
"text": "Guardians of Middle-earth, which was released with the special disclaimer on the front art, marking the connection to the feature film and contains models and characters from The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, including Nori, Gollum, Dwalin and others. Lego The Lord of the Rings, which was released around the same time as the motion picture and contains a Lego model of Radagast, based on his portrayal in The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Pick-ups for An Unexpected Journey were filmed in July 2012 as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey grossed $303 million in the United States and Canada and $718.1 million elsewhere for a worldwide total of $1.021 billion, becoming the 15th film in history to reach $1 billion."
}
] |
The success of the film The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey is due to the single direction of its lone director Guillermo del Toro.
| 1 | 1 |
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States."
}
] |
x7FPLmNnOYHqX03bxaiQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "Dean was sweating; the sweat poured down his collar. '"
},
{
"section_header": "Film adaptation",
"text": "In preparation for the film, Salles traveled the United States, tracing Kerouac's journey and filming a documentary on the search for On the Road."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical study",
"text": "The more reckless and youthful parts of the text that gave it its energy are the parts that have \"run afoul of the new gentility, the rules laid down by the health experts, childcare experts, guidance counselors, safety advisers, admissions officers, virtuecrats and employers to regulate the lives of the young.\" He claims that the \"ethos\" of the book has been lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "On the Road not laid down the template; likewise, films such as Easy Rider, Paris, Texas, and even Thelma and Louise."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "Sal, Dean, and their friends are repeatedly depicted listening to specific records and going to clubs to hear their musical favorites."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Initial reaction",
"text": "The ringing phone woke him the next morning, and he was famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "Music is an important part of the scene that Kerouac sets in On the Road."
},
{
"section_header": "Music in On the Road",
"text": "And as I sat there listening to that sound of the night which bop has come to represent for all of us, I thought of all my friends from one end of the country to the other and how they were really all in the same vast backyard doing something so frantic and rushing-about.\" Main characters Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty are clearly enthusiastic fans of the jazz/bebop and early rhythm-and-blues musicians and records that were in the musical mix during the years when story took place, 1947-50."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On the Road is a 1957 novel by American writer Jack Kerouac, based on the travels of Kerouac and his friends across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part One",
"text": "After taking several buses and hitchhiking, he arrives in Denver, where he hooks up with Carlo Marx, Dean, and their friends."
}
] |
On the Road is a book about the journey of a young boy and his friend down the famous road of Route 66.
| 0 | 0 |
On the Road
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Dome",
"text": "Dome dunes are rare and occur at the far upwind margins of sand seas."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Dome",
"text": "Oval or circular mounds that generally lack a slipface."
}
] |
x8TJzoqRnskXqMOhF5gz
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes",
"text": "Five basic dune types are recognized: crescentic, linear, star, dome, and parabolic."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Dune complexity",
"text": "Compound dunes are large dunes on which smaller dunes of similar type and slipface orientation are superimposed."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Dune complexity",
"text": "Simple dunes are basic forms with the minimum number of slipfaces that define the geometric type."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Barchan or crescentic",
"text": "These dunes form under winds that blow consistently from one direction (unimodal winds)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Dome",
"text": "Dome dunes are rare and occur at the far upwind margins of sand seas."
},
{
"section_header": "Formation",
"text": "A side of a dune that the sand has slid down is called a slip face (or slipface)."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Dome",
"text": "Oval or circular mounds that generally lack a slipface."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Parabolic",
"text": "A type of extensive parabolic dune that lacks discernible slipfaces and has mostly coarse grained sand is known as a zibar."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Aeolian dune shapes | Reversing dunes",
"text": "The minor slipfaces are usually temporary, as they appear after a reverse wind and are generally destroyed when the wind next blows in the dominant direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Aeolian dunes | Coastal dunes | Ecological succession on coastal dunes",
"text": "Young dunes are called yellow dunes and dunes which have high humus content are called grey dunes."
}
] |
Dunes that often do not have a slipface because of wind patterns are called dome dunes and are one of the 5 types of dunes.
| 3 | 5 |
Dune
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher in 1942 and then from 1946 until 1965, most notably for the Boston Braves who became the Milwaukee Braves after the team moved west before the 1953 season."
}
] |
x95R9DsE8a6wHnAnrtYl
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Warren Spahn Award, given annually to the major leagues' best left-handed pitcher, is named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Also in 1999, editors at The Sporting News ranked Warren Spahn 21st on their list of \"Baseball's 100 Greatest Players\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Edward Spahn (April 23, 1921 – November 24, 2003) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": "Had he played, it is possible that Spahn would have finished his career behind only Walter Johnson and Cy Young in all-time wins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With 363 victories over the span of his 21-year baseball playing career, Spahn holds the major league record for most career wins by a left-handed pitcher and, the most by a pitcher who played his entire career in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher in 1942 and then from 1946 until 1965, most notably for the Boston Braves who became the Milwaukee Braves after the team moved west before the 1953 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "Spahn pitched on two other Braves pennant winners, in 1948 and 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | World War II",
"text": ", \"I'm probably the only guy who played for Casey before and after he was a genius.\" Along with many other major leaguers, Spahn chose to enlist in the United States Army, after finishing the 1942 season in the minors."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Career statistics",
"text": "His 363 career win total ranks sixth overall in major league history; it is also the most by a pitcher who played his entire career in the post-1920 live-ball era."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Milwaukee Braves",
"text": "Other sayings have been derived from \"Spahn and Sain and pray for rain.\" For example, some referred to the 1993 San Francisco Giants' imbalanced rotation as \"Burkett and Swift and pray for snow drift.\" In 1957, Spahn was the ace of the champion Milwaukee Braves."
}
] |
Warren Spahn played for the Braves.
| 0 | 3 |
Warren Spahn
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "The ways in which humans deal with death are also at the focus of this play, as are the futility and nihilism some encounter when confronted with imminent mortality."
}
] |
x9HABkFPWyFwzpNa4DuJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof features motifs such as social mores, greed, superficiality, mendacity, decay, sexual desire, repression and death."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is the story of a Southern family in crisis, especially the husband Brick and wife Margaret (usually called Maggie or \"Maggie the Cat\"), and their interaction with Brick's family over the course of one evening's gathering at the family estate in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a three-act play written by Tennessee Williams; an adaptation of his 1952 short story Three Players of a Summer Game; he wrote the play between 1953 and 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1976, a television version of Cat on a Hot Tin Roof was produced, starring the then husband-and-wife team of Natalie Wood and Robert Wagner, and featuring Laurence Olivier as Big Daddy and Maureen Stapleton as Big Mama."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "The ways in which humans deal with death are also at the focus of this play, as are the futility and nihilism some encounter when confronted with imminent mortality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of Williams's more famous works and his personal favorite"
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions | Revivals",
"text": "For this production, Williams restored much of the text which he had removed from the original one at the insistence of Elia Kazan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Set in the \"plantation home in the Mississippi Delta\" of Big Daddy Pollitt, a wealthy cotton tycoon, the play examines the relationships among members of Big Daddy's family, primarily between his son Brick and Maggie the \"Cat\", Brick's wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "Similar ideas are found in Dylan Thomas's \"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night\", which Williams excerpted and added as an epigraph to his 1974 version."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Facing death",
"text": "These lines are appropriate, as Thomas wrote the poem to his own dying father."
}
] |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof is a play that highlights the viewpoints that people have when handling death.
| 0 | 0 |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to the West Wind\" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy."
}
] |
x9TcS0wP2a6Qjo2Iautq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Conclusion",
"text": "This poem is a highly controlled text about the role of the poet as the agent of political and moral change."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His other poems written at the same time—\"The Masque of Anarchy\", Prometheus Unbound, and \"England in 1819\"—take up these same themes of political change, revolution, and role of the poet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Ode to the West Wind\" is an ode, written by Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819 near Florence, Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The poem \"Ode to the West Wind\" consists of five sections (cantos) written in terza rima."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem allegorises the role of the poet as the voice of change and revolution."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "The Ode is written in iambic pentameter."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Third Canto",
"text": "This again shows the influence of the west wind which announces the change of the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | First Canto",
"text": "The form of the apostrophe makes the wind also a personification."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "In the last two sections, the poet speaks directly to the wind, asking for its power, to lift him up and make him its companion in its wanderings."
},
{
"section_header": "Interpretation of the poem | Fourth Canto",
"text": "Whereas the cantos one to three began with \"O wild West Wind\" and \"Thou\" (15, 29) and were clearly directed to the wind, there is a change in the fourth canto."
}
] |
Ode to the West Wind is a poem that was written by Charles Canto about the role poets have to make political and moral change.
| 0 | 5 |
Ode to the West Wind
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Origins (July 1965 – August 1966)",
"text": "The Doors began with a meeting between acquaintances"
}
] |
x9jGGhVcxA5PgNSkN7xf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | The Doors and Strange Days (August 1966 – December 1967)",
"text": "From March 7 to 11, 1967, the Doors performed at the Matrix Club in San Francisco, California."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "In 2002, Ray Manzarek and Robby Krieger formed a new version of the Doors which they called the Doors of the 21st Century."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "The Butts Band formed in 1973, signing with Blue Thumb records."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "In recent years Densmore formed a jazz band called Tribaljazz"
},
{
"section_header": "History | The Doors and Strange Days (August 1966 – December 1967)",
"text": "The debut album, The Doors, was released in the first week of January 1967."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Morrison Hotel and Absolutely Live (November 1969 – December 1970)",
"text": "The Doors staged a return to form with their 1970 LP Morrison Hotel, their fifth album."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "They began working on their first album titled Butts Band that was released the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "After Morrison died in 1971, Krieger and Densmore formed the Butts Band as a consequence of trying to find a new lead singer to replace Morrison."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Doors were the first American band to accumulate eight consecutive gold LPs."
},
{
"section_header": "After the Doors",
"text": "Manzarek made three solo albums from 1974 to 1983 and formed a band called Nite City in 1975, which released two albums from 1977 to 1978."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins (July 1965 – August 1966)",
"text": "The Doors began with a meeting between acquaintances"
}
] |
The Doors first formed in California.
| 0 | 0 |
The Doors
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "Southworth remained with the Braves as a scout in the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Late in life, Southworth served as a scout for the Braves."
}
] |
xBG6WbxrW1LZ7C7NfMRX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Late in the season, Southworth received word that Billy Jr. had been accidentally shot by a neighbor in Columbus."
},
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "Southworth remained with the Braves as a scout in the 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Late in life, Southworth served as a scout for the Braves."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career as a manager",
"text": "Only one year removed from being a teammate of his charges, he attempted to impose discipline on the Cardinals, banning them from driving their own automobiles."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Though he had quit smoking many years earlier, Southworth died of emphysema that year in Columbus, Ohio, and was buried in Green Lawn Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "Billy Southworth Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and playing career",
"text": "He ran into difficulty with New York manager John McGraw that year, as Southworth's independent style became incompatible with McGraw's strict leadership."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Southworth had a son, Billy Southworth Jr., and a cousin, Bill Southworth, who both played professional baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Later managerial career",
"text": "He was acquitted of drunken driving charges after a 1955 arrest, and retired from scouting at the end of his contract following the 1956 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Six years later, the Cardinals inducted him into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum."
}
] |
Billy was a scout in his years as a manager.
| 0 | 0 |
Billy Southworth
|
History
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661."
}
] |
xBOn5G1RqAf9eFIr5ByN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Chief minister of France – Diplomacy",
"text": "They hinted to the King that de Noyers had secretly made an agreement with Anne of Austria to make her the regent of France after the King's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Chief minister of France – Diplomacy",
"text": "Richelieu did, according to Mazarin himself, advise the King to employ Mazarin, who until that time had no official position at Court."
},
{
"section_header": "Educator of Louis XIV",
"text": "...you must remember your responsibilities to God for your actions and for your safety, and to the world for the support of your glory and your reputation.\" Mazarin also threatened to depart France with his family if the King did not agree to stop communicating with Marie."
},
{
"section_header": "Chief minister of France – Diplomacy",
"text": "The King had specifically instructed that his wife, Anne of Austria, not rule in his place as regent."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal Envoy",
"text": "When the Pope refused to send him back to France, or to represent the Vatican at a peace conference, he wrote: \"I am not a subject of the King of France, but I believe I can truly say that the declarations of the Spanish have declared me to be French, so that with justice one can say that France is my country."
},
{
"section_header": "Chief minister of France – Diplomacy",
"text": "Mazarin continued Richelieu's costly war against the chief rivals of France in Europe, the Habsburgs of Austria and Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Papal Envoy",
"text": "In November 1636 he left Avignon to return to Rome, carrying instructions from Richelieu that made him a discreet ambassador for the king of France."
},
{
"section_header": "Educator of Louis XIV",
"text": "Beginning in 1659, as the King reached the age of twenty-one, and Mazarin approached the end of his life, he wrote a series of guidelines in political affairs for the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Mazarin probably calculated that the King would be too embarrassed to take all of his mentor's and chief Minister's wealth."
},
{
"section_header": "Books cited in text",
"text": "Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cardinal Jules Mazarin (, also UK: , US: , French: [ʒyl mazaʁɛ̃]; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (Italian: [ˈdʒuːljo raiˈmondo madːzaˈriːno]) or Mazarini, was an Italian cardinal, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 until his death in 1661."
}
] |
Mazarin was a chef for the kings of France.
| 2 | 9 |
Cardinal Mazarin
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is metempsychosis, or the \"transmigration of souls\", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body."
}
] |
xBkhISFZUBvkEpQWB8N5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pythagoras of Samos (c. 570 – c. 495 BC) was an ancient Ionian Greek philosopher and the eponymous founder of Pythagoreanism."
},
{
"section_header": "Pythagoreanism | Communal lifestyle",
"text": "The Pythagoreans believed that music was a purification for the soul, just as medicine was a purification for the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Ancient sources also record Pythagoras having studied under a variety of native Greek thinkers."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | On Greek philosophy",
"text": "The later first-century Neopythagorean philosopher Moderatus of Gades expanded on Pythagorean number philosophy and probably understood the soul as a \"kind of mathematical harmony."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "The Neoplatonists wrote of a \"sacred discourse\" Pythagoras had written on the gods in the Doric Greek dialect, which they believed had been dictated to Pythagoras by the Orphic priest Aglaophamus upon his initiation to the orphic Mysteries at Leibethra."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Alleged Greek teachers",
"text": "Pythagoras and Pherecydes also appear to have shared similar views on the soul and the teaching of metempsychosis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pythagorean ideas on mathematical perfection also impacted ancient Greek art."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life",
"text": "Pythagoras's early life also coincided with the flowering of early Ionian natural philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | On Greek philosophy",
"text": "Plato and Pythagoras shared a \"mystical approach to the soul and its place in the material world\" and it is probable that both were influenced by Orphism."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | On art and architecture",
"text": "Maurice Bowra believes that these ideas influenced the theory of Pythagoras and his students, who believed that \"all things are numbers\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The teaching most securely identified with Pythagoras is metempsychosis, or the \"transmigration of souls\", which holds that every soul is immortal and, upon death, enters into a new body."
}
] |
The ancient Ionian Greek philosopher Pythagoras believed that souls are eternal.
| 0 | 0 |
Pythagoras
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Influence | Film",
"text": "There have also been numerous film adaptations of the poem Evangeline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847."
}
] |
xC9pOCaAJFfImdiunWAh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influence | Place names | Louisiana",
"text": "In Louisiana, places named Evangeline include: Evangeline Parish, Louisiana"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Place names | Canada",
"text": "Places named Evangeline in Canada include, for example: Evangeline, Gloucester County, New Brunswick Evangeline-Miscouche, a rural community in Prince Edward Island"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Music and musical theatre",
"text": "Evangeline has been the subject of numerous songs: A popular song in French titled \"Evangeline\" was written in 1971 by Michel Conte."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Other",
"text": "A depiction of Evangeline from Longfellow's poem was incorporated into the Dominion Atlantic Railway logo along with the text \"Land of Evangeline Route\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Film",
"text": "There have also been numerous film adaptations of the poem Evangeline."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Film",
"text": "Evangeline is also referenced in the 2009 Disney film The Princess and the Frog, wherein a Cajun firefly named Raymond falls in love with Evangeline, who appears as a star."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence | Place names | Canada",
"text": "Evangeline, a community within Greater Moncton in Westmorland County"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Evangeline describes the betrothal of a fictional Acadian girl named Evangeline Bellefontaine to her beloved, Gabriel Lajeunesse, and their separation as the British deport the Acadians from Acadie in the Great Upheaval."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "The name Evangeline comes from the Latin word \"evangelium\" meaning \"gospel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical response",
"text": "Evangeline became Longfellow's most famous work in his lifetime and was widely read."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Evangeline, A Tale of Acadie is an epic poem by the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, written in English and published in 1847."
}
] |
Evangeline is a poetry piece from the 1840's.
| 0 | 0 |
Evangeline
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman."
}
] |
xCFvZELlOoxhvBxRqWvo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Public entity (2012–present)",
"text": "For example, the Transportation Security Administration created official TSA Yelp pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Origins (2004–2009)",
"text": "Two former PayPal employees, Jeremy Stoppelman and Russel Simmons, founded Yelp at a business incubator, MRL Ventures, in 2004."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Public entity (2012–present)",
"text": "In late 2015, a \"Public Services & Government\" section was introduced to Yelp and the General Services Administration began encouraging government agencies to create and monitor official government pages."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Origins (2004–2009)",
"text": "The co-founders' former colleague from PayPal and founder of MRL Ventures, Max Levchin, provided $1 million in initial funding."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp does not disclose how the Yelp Elite are selected."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp reviewers are not required to disclose their identity, but Yelp encourages them to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Astroturfing",
"text": "The lawyer said Yelp was trying to get revenge for his legal disputes and activism against Yelp."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "Businesses can also offer discounts to Yelp users that visit often using a Yelp \"check in\" feature."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Alleged unfair business practices",
"text": "\"This business is a Yelp sponsor."
}
] |
Yelp was created by previous PayPal workers.
| 0 | 0 |
Yelp
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Because the play is based on memory, Tom cautions the audience that what they see may not be precisely what happened."
}
] |
xChm3KAdloFj7C5T6fZx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Rose died in 1996. The play was reworked from one of Williams' short stories \"Portrait of a Girl in Glass\" (1943; published 1948)."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The story is also written from narrator Tom Wingfield, and many of his soliloquies from The Glass Menagerie seem lifted straight from this original."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Generally, the story contains the same plot as the play, with certain sections given more emphasis, and character details edited (for example, in the story,"
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie opened on Broadway in the Playhouse Theatre on March 31, 1945, and played there until June 29, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Because the play is based on memory, Tom cautions the audience that what they see may not be precisely what happened."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura."
}
] |
The story of the play The Glass Menagerie comes from the memories of one of the characters.
| 0 | 0 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale pitched for the Dodgers instead of Koufax, giving up seven runs in 2 2⁄3 innings."
}
] |
xD39IIdQWv1IVgmiDOrn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1962, Drysdale won 25 games and the Cy Young Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Drysdale won the 1962 Cy Young Award and in 1968 pitched a record six consecutive shutouts and 58 2⁄3 consecutive scoreless innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Broadcasting career",
"text": "In the meantime, Drysdale filled in for Jackson on play-by-play for the early innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Drysdale and Meyers had three children together: Don Junior (\"DJ\") (son), Darren (son), and Drew (daughter)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Drysdale pitched for the Dodgers instead of Koufax, giving up seven runs in 2 2⁄3 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "That year, he also won 23 games and helped the Dodgers to their third World Championship in Los Angeles."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1968, Drysdale set Major League records with six consecutive shutouts and 58 2⁄3 consecutive scoreless innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In 1963, he struck out 251 batters and won Game 3 of the World Series at Los Angeles' Dodger Stadium over the Yankees, 1–0."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He won three NL Player of the Month awards: June 1959 (6-0 record, 1.71 earned run average, 51 strikeouts),"
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "At the time of his retirement, Drysdale was the last remaining player on the Dodgers who had played for Brooklyn."
}
] |
Don Drysdale won the MVP in 1962 while playing shortstop.
| 2 | 3 |
Don Drysdale
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Strauss was born into a Catholic family in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Strauss I."
}
] |
xDRfAcHKCmKkE6uABT7V
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "Two museums in Vienna are dedicated to Johann Strauss II."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "The Strauss Museum is about the whole family with a focus on Johann Strauss II."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In addition, the Wiener Johann Strauss Orchester, which was formed in 1966, pays tribute to the touring orchestras which once made the Strauss family so famous."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Johann Strauss II (born Johann Baptist Strauss; 25 October 1825 – 3 June 1899), also known as Johann Strauss Jr., the Younger, the Son (German: Sohn), son of Johann Strauss I, was an Austrian composer of light music, particularly dance music and operettas."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy",
"text": "In 1987 Dutch violinist and conductor André Rieu also created a Johann Strauss Orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayals in the media",
"text": "Tom and Jerry features a mouse mesmerised by the playing of several Strauss waltzes by Johann Strauss himself, and later, by Tom."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Strauss was born into a Catholic family in St Ulrich near Vienna (now a part of Neubau), Austria, on 25 October 1825, to the composer Johann Strauss I."
},
{
"section_header": "Debut as a composer",
"text": "Johann Strauss I's influence over the local entertainment establishments meant that many of them were wary of offering the younger Strauss a contract for fear of angering the father."
},
{
"section_header": "Debut as a composer",
"text": "Johann Jr. decided to side with the revolutionaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Portrayals in the media",
"text": "Another 1953 animated short \"Johann Mouse\" from the series"
}
] |
Johann Strauss II was a Wiener.
| 0 | 0 |
Johann Strauss, the Younger
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, the second-most behind the Boston Celtics."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "There have been 22 head coaches for the Lakers franchise."
}
] |
xDjPC6esvWkjPg69sK6w
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Team history | 2016–present: Post-Bryant era",
"text": "On May 13, Frank Vogel was named the Lakers' head coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "Frank Vogel was named his successor on a multiyear deal announced on May 13, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "There have been 22 head coaches for the Lakers franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "Assistant coach Bernie Bickerstaff served as interim head coach for five games before the Lakers selected Mike D'Antoni as their new head coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "Jackson, who had two stints as head coach, was coach from 2005 to 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "In July 2014, Byron Scott was hired as head coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "On April 29, 2016, former Lakers player Luke Walton was named as Scott's replacement, and served as head coach until the end of the 2018–19 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Head coaches",
"text": "George Mikan, Jim Pollard, Jerry West, Pat Riley, Magic Johnson, Kurt Rambis, Byron Scott and Luke Walton have all played and head coached for the Lakers."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1996–2016: The Kobe Bryant era | 2011–2016: Post-Jackson era",
"text": "Assistant Coach Bernie Bickerstaff took over as interim head coach, leading the Lakers to a 5–5 record."
},
{
"section_header": "Team history | 1996–2016: The Kobe Bryant era | 2011–2016: Post-Jackson era",
"text": "On April 30, 2014, Mike D'Antoni resigned from his position as head coach after a 27–55 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, the second-most behind the Boston Celtics."
}
] |
The Lakers have had over 30 head coaches, with Frank Vogel being their most recent.
| 0 | 0 |
Los Angeles Lakers
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Properties | Compounds | Atomic hydrogen",
"text": "NASA has investigated the use of atomic hydrogen as a rocket propellant."
}
] |
xEte1rvUfvIew36XUyC4
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Properties | Combustion | Flame",
"text": "The detection of a burning hydrogen leak may require a flame detector; such leaks can be very dangerous."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety and precautions",
"text": "In addition, liquid hydrogen is a cryogen and presents dangers (such as frostbite) associated with very cold liquids."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Compounds | Hydrides",
"text": "For hydrides other than group 1 and 2 metals, the term is quite misleading, considering the low electronegativity of hydrogen."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most hydrogen is used near the site of its production, the two largest uses being fossil fuel processing (e.g., hydrocracking) and ammonia production, mostly for the fertilizer market."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety and precautions",
"text": "Moreover, hydrogen fire, while being extremely hot, is almost invisible, and thus can lead to accidental burns."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Isotopes",
"text": "The exotic atom muonium (symbol Mu), composed of an antimuon and an electron, is also sometimes considered as a light radioisotope of hydrogen, due to the mass difference between the antimuon and the electron."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Compounds | Protons and acids",
"text": "However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H9O+4."
},
{
"section_header": "Safety and precautions",
"text": "Hydrogen poses a number of hazards to human safety, from potential detonations and fires when mixed with air to being an asphyxiant in its pure, oxygen-free form."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Compounds | Protons and acids",
"text": "To avoid the implication of the naked \"solvated proton\" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the \"hydronium ion\" (H3O+)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Discovery and use",
"text": "Hydrogen-lifted airships were used as observation platforms and bombers during the war."
},
{
"section_header": "Properties | Compounds | Atomic hydrogen",
"text": "NASA has investigated the use of atomic hydrogen as a rocket propellant."
}
] |
Hydrogen is much to dangerous to be considered for use in propulsion.
| 0 | 0 |
Hydrogen
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "In November, Spears guest starred as a fictionalized version of herself on The CW series, Jane the Virgin."
}
] |
xEz1KM9uKtFyeeJHmA8V
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2010: Conservatorship and Circus",
"text": "In September 2010, she made a cameo appearance on a Spears-themed tribute episode of American TV show Glee, titled \"Britney/Brittany\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "During the same appearance, Spears announced that Britney Jean would be released on December 3, 2013, in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads",
"text": "– Spears created one of the most striking visuals in the 27-year history of the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1981–1997: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "She also appeared as a contestant on the popular television show Star Search and was cast in a number of commercials."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads",
"text": "Her self-titled third studio album, Britney, was released in November 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "In November, Spears guest starred as a fictionalized version of herself on The CW series, Jane the Virgin."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–2018: Glory, continued residency, and the Piece of Me Tour",
"text": "On December 31, 2017, Spears performed the final show of Britney: Piece of Me."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "On September 17, 2013, she appeared on Good Morning America to announce her two-year concert residency at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, titled Britney: Piece of Me."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again",
"text": "Spears premiered songs from her upcoming second album during the show."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2016–2018: Glory, continued residency, and the Piece of Me Tour",
"text": "On November 4, 2017, Spears attended the grand opening of the Nevada Childhood Cancer Foundation Britney Spears Campus in Las Vegas."
}
] |
Britney Spears appeared on a TV Show in November.
| 2 | 4 |
Britney Spears
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London, published in 1903 and set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand."
}
] |
xFJ5A1sLCxUguPiBbm1j
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception and legacy | Adaptations",
"text": "Chris Sanders directed another film adaptation titled The Call of the Wild, a live-action/computer-animated film, released on February 21, 2020 by 20th Century Studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Modern Library hundred best novels of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Modern Library hundred best novels of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Modern Library hundred best novels of the twentieth century."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre",
"text": "As a writer London tended to skimp on form, according to biographer Labor, and neither The Call of the Wild nor White Fang \"is a conventional novel\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre",
"text": "London was influenced by Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, written a few years earlier, with its combination of parable and animal fable, and by other animal stories popular in the early 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre",
"text": "London presents the motif simply, clearly, and powerfully in the story, a motif later echoed by 20th century American writers William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway (most notably in \"Big Two-Hearted River\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Call of the Wild is a short adventure novel by Jack London, published in 1903 and set in Yukon, Canada, during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush, when strong sled dogs were in high demand."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "\"Answering the Call of the Wild\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "The Call of the Wild and White Fang."
}
] |
The Call of the Wild is a 20th century novel.
| 0 | 0 |
The Call of the Wild
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hardy's television roles include the HBO war drama mini-series Band of Brothers (2001), the BBC historical drama mini-series The Virgin Queen (2005), Bill Sikes in the BBC's mini-series Oliver Twist (2007), ITV's Wuthering Heights (2009), the Sky 1 drama series"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After studying acting at the Drama Centre London, he made his film debut in Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down (2001) and has since appeared in such films as Star Trek: Nemesis (2002), RocknRolla (2008), Bronson (2008), Warrior (2011), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Lawless (2012), Locke (2013), The Drop (2014), and The Revenant (2015), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor."
}
] |
xFMWtcCzO0D5ARrKCHN9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "During the filming of Bronson, Hardy met prisoner Charles Bronson several times and the two became friends."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "Hardy has signed up to play the lead role of Sam Fisher in Ubisoft's forthcoming film adaptation of their video game series Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After studying acting at the Drama Centre London, he made his film debut in Ridley Scott's Black Hawk Down (2001) and has since appeared in such films as Star Trek: Nemesis (2002), RocknRolla (2008), Bronson (2008), Warrior (2011), Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (2011), Lawless (2012), Locke (2013), The Drop (2014), and The Revenant (2015), for which he received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "The following year, he appeared in the film"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "On 7 December 2015, Hardy won Best Actor at the British Independent Film Awards for his portrayal of the Kray twins, and on the same night attended the premiere of the biographical western thriller The Revenant, in which he reunited with his Inception co-star Leonardo DiCaprio, at Leicester Square, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "Hardy replaced Michael Fassbender in the 2011 film adaptation of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, released on 5 September 2011 at the 68th edition of the Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1998–2010",
"text": "In September 2008, he appeared in Guy Ritchie's London gangster film, RocknRolla; Hardy played the role of gay gangster Handsome Bob."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Thomas Hardy (born 15 September 1977) is an English actor and producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2011–present",
"text": "The Drop alongside James Gandolfini, in what would be the latter's final appearance in a feature film before his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Upcoming projects",
"text": "In 2020, he is attached to star as iconic British war photographer Don McCullin in a film based on McCullin's autobiography, Unreasonable Behaviour."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hardy's television roles include the HBO war drama mini-series Band of Brothers (2001), the BBC historical drama mini-series The Virgin Queen (2005), Bill Sikes in the BBC's mini-series Oliver Twist (2007), ITV's Wuthering Heights (2009), the Sky 1 drama series"
}
] |
Tom Hardy is a British actor and has appeared in several documentaries and films, including a soldier, mobster, and a wanted fugitive.
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Hardy
|
Geography
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Iceland has a high level of car ownership per capita; with a car for every 1.5 inhabitants; it is the main form of transport."
}
] |
xFatazjqs7J5qdvAQH1i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "One such genetic study indicated that the majority of the male settlers were of Nordic origin while the majority of the women were of Gaelic origin, meaning many settlers of Iceland were Norsemen who brought Gaelic slaves with them."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "Historically, due to cultural, economic and linguistic similarities, Iceland is a Nordic country, and it participates in intergovernmental cooperation through the Nordic Council."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1944–present: Republic of Iceland | Economic boom and crisis",
"text": "It was quickly becoming one of the most prosperous countries in the world but was hit hard by a major financial crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Economic contraction",
"text": "On 20 November 2008, the Nordic countries agreed to lend Iceland $2.5 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Iceland is a very secular country; as with other Nordic nations, church attendance is relatively low."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Iceland has a high level of car ownership per capita; with a car for every 1.5 inhabitants; it is the main form of transport."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "As in other Nordic countries, equality between the sexes is very high; Iceland is consistently ranked among the top three countries in the world for women to live in."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Keflavík International Airport (KEF) is the largest airport and the main aviation hub for international passenger transport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Iceland (Icelandic: Ísland; [ˈistlant] (listen)) is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of 364,134 and an area of 103,000 km2 (40,000 sq mi), making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "The original population of Iceland was of Nordic and Gaelic origin."
}
] |
The majority mode of transportation in the Nordic country, Iceland is automobile .
| 1 | 3 |
Iceland
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)",
"text": "The invasion (known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion) took place on 14 April 1961, during the term of President John F. Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)",
"text": "In March 1960, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave his approval to a CIA plan to arm and train a group of Cuban refugees to overthrow the Castro regime."
}
] |
xFfJz7EDyfwuvmiwNiIe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As a fragile republic, in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Independence movements",
"text": "An advance guard of U.S. forces under former Confederate General Joseph Wheeler ignored Cuban scouting parties and orders to proceed with caution."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Similarly, the use of contraceptives is also widespread, estimated at 79% of the female population (in the upper third of countries in the Western Hemisphere)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)",
"text": "In addition, Hugo Chávez, then-President of Venezuela, and Evo Morales, President of Bolivia, became allies and both countries are major oil and gas exporters."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The reforms aim to expand land use and increase efficiency."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Republic (1902–1959) | Constitution of 1940",
"text": "Facing certain electoral defeat, he led a military coup that preempted the election."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "In 1996, the United States, then under President Bill Clinton, brought in the Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act, better known as the Helms–Burton Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "Article 136 states: \" In order for deputies or delegates to be considered elected they must get more than half the number of valid votes cast in the electoral districts\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Languages",
"text": "Lucumí, a dialect of the West African language Yoruba, is also used as a liturgical language by practitioners of Santería, and so only as a second language."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)",
"text": "About 1,400 Cuban exiles disembarked at the Bay of Pigs, but failed in their attempt to overthrow Castro."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)",
"text": "The invasion (known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion) took place on 14 April 1961, during the term of President John F. Kennedy."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Revolution and Communist party rule (1959–present)",
"text": "In March 1960, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower gave his approval to a CIA plan to arm and train a group of Cuban refugees to overthrow the Castro regime."
}
] |
The U.S. attempted to stage a coup by assassinating the dictator of the country under the orders of president Nixon.
| 0 | 0 |
Cuba
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joss, who was 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg), pitched the fourth perfect game in baseball history (which, additionally, was only the second of the modern era)."
}
] |
xFfxOGYFa6oAXG62ptu7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Addie Joss was born on April 12, 1880, in Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1908 season and perfect game",
"text": "\"In what proved to be one of the tightest ever pitching duels in a perfect game, Joss took the mound for the Naps, while the White Sox pitcher was future Hall of Famer Ed Walsh."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1908 season and perfect game",
"text": "Neither pitcher would give up an earned run in the 1–0 game."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1908 season and perfect game",
"text": "\" Three games remained in the regular season and the Naps were a half-game behind the Detroit Tigers as they headed into an October 2, 1908, match-up against the Chicago White Sox, who trailed the Naps by one game."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"I'll do anything they want for Addie Joss' family\", Johnson said."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and benefit game",
"text": "\"The memory of Addie Joss is sacred to everyone with whom he ever came in contact."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adrian \"Addie\" Joss (April 12, 1880 – April 14, 1911), nicknamed \"The Human Hairpin,\" was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | 1908 season and perfect game",
"text": "With the win, Joss recorded the second ever perfect game in MLB's modern era."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Final years with Naps (1909–10)",
"text": "In his final game, he allowed three runs on five hits and two walks with six strikeouts in a 4–0 loss."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joss was born and raised in Wisconsin, where he attended St. Mary's College (later part of Wyalusing Academy) in Prairie du Chien and the University of Wisconsin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joss, who was 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) and weighed 185 pounds (84 kg), pitched the fourth perfect game in baseball history (which, additionally, was only the second of the modern era)."
}
] |
Addie Joss was from Wisconsin and pitcher three perfect games.
| 0 | 4 |
Addie Joss
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beowulf kills Grendel with his bare hands and Grendel's mother with a giant's sword that he found in her lair."
}
] |
xFm2br94p0ZXPXRJMRct
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After Beowulf slays him, Grendel's mother attacks the hall and is then also defeated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "Grendel's mother pulls him in, and she and Beowulf engage in fierce combat."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "Hrothgar, Beowulf, and their men track Grendel's mother to her lair under a lake."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "Grendel's mother, angry that her son has been killed, sets out to get revenge."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "Grendel's mother violently kills Æschere, who is Hrothgar's most loyal fighter, and escapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | First battle: Grendel",
"text": "Beowulf begins with the story of Hrothgar, who constructed the great hall Heorot for himself and his warriors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "After stipulating a number of conditions to Hrothgar in case of his death (including the taking in of his kinsmen and the inheritance by Unferth of Beowulf's estate), Beowulf jumps into the lake, and while harassed by water monsters gets to the bottom, where he finds a cavern."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Second battle: Grendel's mother",
"text": "At first, Grendel's mother appears to prevail, and Hrunting proves incapable of hurting the woman; she throws Beowulf to the ground and, sitting astride him, tries to kill him with a short sword, but Beowulf is saved by his armour."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | First battle: Grendel",
"text": "Finally, Beowulf tears Grendel's arm from his body at the shoulder and Grendel runs to his home in the marshes where he dies."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary | Third battle: The dragon",
"text": "Beowulf and his warriors come to fight the dragon, but Beowulf tells his men that he will fight the dragon alone and that they should wait on the barrow."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Beowulf kills Grendel with his bare hands and Grendel's mother with a giant's sword that he found in her lair."
}
] |
In the poem Beowulf, Grendel's mother dies from injuries she gets fighting the thanes in the great hall.
| 0 | 0 |
Beowulf
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "In 2009, a panel of judges called Absalom, Absalom!"
}
] |
xGHHhmFLvOLDpCyx5Jnq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Absalom, Absalom! is a novel by the American author William Faulkner, first published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "In 2009, a panel of judges called Absalom, Absalom!"
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Like other Faulkner novels, Absalom, Absalom!"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "the best Southern novel of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "Absalom, Absalom, along with The Sound and the Fury, helped Faulkner win the Nobel Prize in Literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "Drummer Neil Peart, the band's lyricist, said he \"loved the sound of\" the title of Faulkner's novel and was inspired to look up the Biblical story of Absalom after reading the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Discussing Absalom, Absalom!, Faulkner stated that the curse under which the South labors is slavery, and Thomas Sutpen's personal curse, or flaw, was his belief that he was too strong to need to be a part of the human family."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "The 1983 Guinness Book of World Records says the \"Longest Sentence in Literature\" is a sentence from Absalom, Absalom!"
},
{
"section_header": "Influence and significance",
"text": "The final lyric of Distant Early Warning, a single released by the Canadian rock band Rush, is the word 'Absalom' repeated three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Absalom, Absalom! juxtaposes ostensible fact, informed guesswork, and outright speculation, with the implication that reconstructions of the past remain irretrievable and therefore imaginative."
}
] |
Absalom, Absalom! is a novel by the American author William Faulkner published in 1936, and in 2009, a panel of judges called Absalom, Absalom! the best Southern novel of all time.
| 0 | 0 |
Absalom, Absalom!
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square",
"text": "The rally began peacefully under a light rain on the evening of May 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square",
"text": "The crowd was so calm that Mayor Carter Harrison Sr., who had stopped by to watch, walked home early."
}
] |
xGLoeVAvJNa04Ot6mCPu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "An anonymous police official told the Chicago Tribune, \"A very large number of the police were wounded by each other's revolvers. ... It was every man for himself, and while some got two or three squares away, the rest emptied their revolvers, mainly into each other."
},
{
"section_header": "Haymarket memorials",
"text": "On May 4, 1886, spectators at a labor rally had gathered around the mouth of Crane's Alley."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "What is not disputed is that in less than five minutes the square was empty except for the casualties."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Haymarket affair (also known as the Haymarket massacre, Haymarket riot, or Haymarket Square riot) was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on May 4, 1886 at Haymarket Square in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "The Chicago Herald described a scene of \"wild carnage\" and estimated at least fifty dead or wounded civilians lay in the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "Witnesses maintained that immediately after the bomb blast there was an exchange of gunshots between police and demonstrators."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "A home-made bomb with a brittle metal casing filled with dynamite and ignited by a fuse was thrown into the crowd."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "\"\"Haymarket Affair Hangings\"\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square | Bombing and gunfire",
"text": "Its fuse briefly sputtered, and then the bomb exploded killing several people amongst them an unknown number of protestors, policeman Mathias J. Degan and six other officers."
},
{
"section_header": "Suspected bombers",
"text": "Owen confessed to the bombing on his deathbed by saying, \"I was at the Haymarket riot and am an anarchist and say that I threw a bomb in that riot.\" Other accounts note that long before his accident he had said he was at the Haymarket and saw the bomb thrower."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square",
"text": "The rally began peacefully under a light rain on the evening of May 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Rally at Haymarket Square",
"text": "The crowd was so calm that Mayor Carter Harrison Sr., who had stopped by to watch, walked home early."
}
] |
Before the bombing and gunfire, the gathering at Haymarket Square in Chicago for workers' rights was tranquil.
| 0 | 0 |
Haymarket affair
|
History
| 9 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Childhood and education",
"text": "In 1870, the Harding family, who were abolitionists, moved to Caledonia, Ohio, where Tryon acquired The Argus, a local weekly newspaper."
}
] |
xGqSCi2qjSSRkCC9ZLRL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Childhood and education",
"text": "He and a friend put out a small newspaper, the Iberia Spectator, during their final year at Ohio Central, intended to appeal to both the college and the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Childhood and education",
"text": "In late 1879, at the age of 14, Harding enrolled at his father's alma mater – Ohio Central College in Iberia – where he proved an adept student."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Childhood and education",
"text": "In 1870, the Harding family, who were abolitionists, moved to Caledonia, Ohio, where Tryon acquired The Argus, a local weekly newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Political setbacks and western tour",
"text": "The party was to return to Seward by the Richardson Trail, but due to Harding's fatigue, it went by train."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Start in politics",
"text": "Harding, always a party loyalist, supported Foraker in the complex internecine warfare that was Ohio Republican politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Editor",
"text": "By 1886, Florence Kling had obtained a divorce, and she and Harding were courting, though who was pursuing whom is uncertain, depending on who later told the story of their romance."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1897–1919) | Ohio state leader",
"text": "Also helpful in saving Harding's career was the fact that he was popular with, and had done favors for, the more progressive forces that now controlled the Ohio Republican Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Start in politics",
"text": "Foraker was part of the war generation that challenged older Ohio Republicans, such as Senator John Sherman, for control of state politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Editor",
"text": "As hard-headed as her father, Florence came into conflict with him after returning from music college."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Start in politics",
"text": "Harding's success as an editor took a toll on his health."
}
] |
The Harding's were abolitionists and he went to Ohio Central College to pursue his career in politics.
| 3 | 9 |
Warren G. Harding
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game (German: Das Glasperlenspiel, pronounced [das ˈɡlaːspɛʁlənˌʃpiːl] (listen)) is the last full-length novel of the German author Hermann Hesse."
}
] |
xHWoJvH0PKVRXttKOHVD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Earlier plans",
"text": "Instead, he focused on a story set in the future and placed the three shorter stories, \"authored\" by Knecht in The Glass Bead Game, at the end of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "The game",
"text": "Although the Glass Bead Game is described lucidly, the rules and mechanics are not explained in detail."
},
{
"section_header": "The game",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game is \"a kind of synthesis of human learning\" in which themes, such as a musical phrase or a philosophical thought, are stated."
},
{
"section_header": "Castalia",
"text": "A third role is to cultivate and develop the Glass Bead Game."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game takes place at an unspecified date centuries into the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The first section contains Knecht's poetry from various periods of his life, followed by three short stories labeled \"Three Lives\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It became the \"island of love\" or at least an island of the spirit.\" Freedman opined that in the Glass Bead Game \"contemplation, the secrets of the Chinese I Ching and Western mathematics and music fashioned the perennial conflicts of his life into a unifying design.\" In 2010, The Glass Bead Game was dramatised by Lavinia Greenlaw for BBC Radio 4."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Bead Game (German: Das Glasperlenspiel, pronounced [das ˈɡlaːspɛʁlənˌʃpiːl] (listen)) is the last full-length novel of the German author Hermann Hesse."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In reality, the book touches on many different genres, and the bulk of the story is on one level a parody of the biography genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The fictional narrator leaves off before the final sections of the book, remarking that the end of the story is beyond the scope of his biography."
}
] |
The Glass Bead Game is a large book of short stories.
| 0 | 0 |
The Glass Bead Game
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Environment | Climate",
"text": "Albania experiences predominantly a mediterranean and continental climate, with four distinct seasons."
}
] |
xI1xkfKpJZYideN3fj4U
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demography",
"text": "The overall life expectancy at birth is 78.5 years; 75.8 years for males and 81.4 years for females."
},
{
"section_header": "Environment | Climate",
"text": "Rainfall naturally varies from season to season and from year to year."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tertiary sector",
"text": "Albania had only 500,000 visitors in 2005, while in 2012 had an estimated 4.2 million, an increase of 740 percent in only 7 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health",
"text": "The life expectancy at birth in Albania is at 77.8 years and ranks 37th in the world outperforming several developed countries."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Communism",
"text": "Preaching religion carried a three to ten-year prison sentence."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Primary sector",
"text": "The oldest found seeds in the region are 4,000 to 6,000 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Cuisine",
"text": "Albanian wine is also common throughout the country, and has been cultivated for thousands of years."
},
{
"section_header": "Demography | Language",
"text": "The young people have shown a growing interest in German language in recent years."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Health",
"text": "The average healthy life expectancy is at 68.8 years and ranks as well 37th in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Infrastructure | Education",
"text": "The academic year is apportioned into two semesters beginning in September or October and ending in June or July."
},
{
"section_header": "Environment | Climate",
"text": "Albania experiences predominantly a mediterranean and continental climate, with four distinct seasons."
}
] |
Albania is relatively cold year around and snows almost every year.
| 2 | 2 |
Albania
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "By the age of 16, White had fathered two children with his first wife Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "They had four children together."
}
] |
xIXirsO9cqeuxp6IctMi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "White had four children with his second wife Glodean James."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "By the age of 16, White had fathered two children with his first wife Mary."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "They had four children together."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "White had at least nine children."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "In 2017, his son Darryl White from his first marriage sued his estate claiming he was cut off financially."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1980s",
"text": "After four years he signed with A&M Records, and with the release of 1987's The Right Night & Barry White, the single entitled"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "She was accepted by White and with his help she changed her name to Denise White."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages",
"text": "White was first married to his childhood sweetheart, identified as just Mary in his autobiography, by the time he was 19."
},
{
"section_header": "Music career | 1970s solo career",
"text": "\"You're the First, the Last, My Everything\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Children",
"text": "White had a daughter, Denise Donnell born in 1962 to Gurtha Allen."
}
] |
White and his first wife had four children.
| 1 | 3 |
Barry White
|
Music
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "In 1911, Bartók wrote what was to be his only opera, Bluebeard's Castle, dedicated to Márta."
}
] |
xIaGUxMAvJqMmYcPBv31
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Folk music and composition",
"text": "The outbreak of World War I forced him to stop the expeditions, but he returned to composing with a ballet called The Wooden Prince (1914–16) and the String Quartet No. 2"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "In 1911, Bartók wrote what was to be his only opera, Bluebeard's Castle, dedicated to Márta."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "Following the 1919 revolution in which he actively participated, he was pressured by the Horthy regime to remove the name of librettist Béla Balázs from the opera, as Balázs was of Jewish origin, was blacklisted, and had left the country for Vienna."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Middle years and career (1909–39) | Opera",
"text": "For the remainder of his life, although passionately devoted to Hungary, its people and its culture, he never felt much loyalty to the government or its official establishments."
},
{
"section_header": "Statues",
"text": "In This House / During the Last Year of His Life\" (Matthews 2012) A bust of him is located in the front yard of Ankara State Conservatory, Ankara, Turkey, right next to the bust of Ahmet Adnan Saygun."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | New influences (1903–11)",
"text": "Until 1911, Bartók composed widely differing works which ranged from adherence to romantic-style, to folk song arrangements and to his modernist opera Bluebeard's Castle."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Early years (1890–1902)",
"text": "Following his matriculation into the Budapest Academy in 1890 he composed very little, though he began to work on exercises in orchestration and familiarized himself thoroughly with the operas of Wagner (Stevens 1993, 12)."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "There was little American interest in his music during his final years."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "Bartók's economic difficulties during his first years in America were mitigated by publication royalties, teaching and performance tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | World War II and last years in America (1940–45)",
"text": "Although he was not a member of the ASCAP, the society paid for any medical care he needed during his last two years, to which Bartók reluctantly agreed."
}
] |
Bartok only composed 2 operas during his life.
| 0 | 2 |
Béla Bartók
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "He had two older sisters and a brother: María Antonia, Juana, and Juan Vicente."
}
] |
xJN1QIqvZtFKxJrXlp3S
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Campaigns in Venezuela, 1816–1818",
"text": ", Bolivar set up a temporary government in Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas, Bolivar County, Mississippi, Bolivar, New York, Bolivar, West Virginia and Bolivar, Tennessee are also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He established an organized national congress within three years."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Bolivar, though, commuted the sentence."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "In 1876, he was moved to a monument set up for his interment at the National Pantheon of Venezuela."
},
{
"section_header": "Relatives",
"text": "He had three children, Benjamín Bolívar Gauthier, Santiago Hernández Bolívar, and Claudio Bolívar Taraja."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Dissolution of Gran Colombia",
"text": "Do not listen, I beg you, to the vile slander and the tawdry envy stirring up discord on all sides."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "After the facts, Bolivar continued to govern in a rarefied environment, cornered by fractional disputes."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "In January 2008, then-President of Venezuela Hugo Chávez set up a commission to investigate theories that Bolívar was the victim of an assassination."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "The convention almost ended up drafting a document which would have implemented a radically federalist form of government, which would have greatly reduced the powers of a central administration."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "He had two older sisters and a brother: María Antonia, Juana, and Juan Vicente."
}
] |
Bolivar grew up with three siblings.
| 0 | 0 |
Simón Bolívar
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "Its presentation of musical numbers in the style of a music video was a major influence on other 1980s films in the dance film genre, such as Flashdance (1983), Footloose (1984) and Dirty Dancing (1987)."
}
] |
xJdhRrKtdFGxT26Ifyva
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "In 2014, IndieWire added the song \"Fame\" to its list of \"The 20 Greatest Movie Theme Songs of the 1980s\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development and writing",
"text": "Parker attended a weekend screening with Marshall, and the enthusiastic crowd inspired him to write a similar scene for the film, during which the character Doris Finsecker dances along to the \"Time Warp\" musical number."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Bruno's father plays his music (\"Fame\") outside the school, inspiring the student body to dance in the streets."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Intercut with the performance are scenes of Leroy dancing and Bruno playing with a rock band, finally sharing his music with others."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "It also inspired the creation of other similar performing arts schools around the world, including the Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts (LIPA), and the BRIT School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fame is a 1980 American teen musical drama film directed by Alan Parker."
},
{
"section_header": "Franchise",
"text": "After the series was renewed, The Kids from \"Fame\" produced three additional albums, all of which proved less successful and resulted in the band members parting ways to pursue other projects."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "That same year, the film was a nominee for AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune awarded the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, writing, \"When the kids perform, the movie sings, but their fictionalized personal stories are melodramatic drivel.\" Dave Kehr of the Chicago Reader wrote, \"The film is cut at such a frenzied pitch that it's often possible to believe (mistakenly) that something significant is going on.\" Variety magazine wrote, \"The great strength of the film is in the school scenes – when it wanders away from the scholastic side as it does with increasing frequency as the overlong feature moves along, it loses dramatic intensity and slows the pace.\" Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three-and-a-half stars out of four writing, \"Fame is a genuine treasure, moving and entertaining, a movie that understands being a teen-ager as well as Breaking Away did, but studies its characters in a completely different milieu.\" William Gallagher, in his review for the BBC, wrote, \"Alan Parker manages to make this a fairly horrible story even while it remains entertaining."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was shot on location in New York City, with principal photography beginning in July 1979 and concluding after 91 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath and legacy",
"text": "Its presentation of musical numbers in the style of a music video was a major influence on other 1980s films in the dance film genre, such as Flashdance (1983), Footloose (1984) and Dirty Dancing (1987)."
}
] |
Fame inspired other teen movies with a dance theme to be shot in a similar way.
| 0 | 1 |
Fame (1980 film)
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.