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[
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Argentina has the largest railway system in Latin America, with 36,966 km (22,970 mi) of operating lines in 2008, out of a full network of almost 48,000 km (29,826 mi)."
}
] |
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Argentina ranks third in South America in total population, fourth in Latin America and 33rd globally."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Argentina maintains the second largest economy in South America, the third-largest in Latin America, and is a member of G-15 and G20."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Transport",
"text": "Argentina has the largest railway system in Latin America, with 36,966 km (22,970 mi) of operating lines in 2008, out of a full network of almost 48,000 km (29,826 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Argentina (Spanish: [aɾxenˈtina]), officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: República Argentina), is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The country's capital city, Buenos Aires, is the most visited city in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 sq mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the fourth largest in the Americas, the second largest in South America after Brazil, and the largest Spanish-speaking nation by area."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Tourism",
"text": "The country had 5.57 million visitors in 2013, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the top destination in South America, and second in Latin America after Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "With a mainland surface area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,518 sq mi), Argentina is located in southern South America, sharing land borders with Chile across the Andes to the west; Bolivia and Paraguay to the north; Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east; and the Drake Passage to the south; for an overall land border length of 9,376 km (5,826 mi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Benefiting from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, a diversified industrial base, and an export-oriented agricultural sector, the economy of Argentina is Latin America's third-largest, and the second largest in South America."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Rise of the modern nation",
"text": "Its railway mileage rose from 503 to 31,104 km (313 to 19,327 mi)."
}
] |
Argentina has the smallest railway organization of South America.
| 0 | 0 |
Argentina
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "After a failed business venture with his brothers, Irving filed for bankruptcy in 1818."
}
] |
xJzKdJVLFdTdPt2GtRUq
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"Rip Van Winkle\" is a short story by the American author Washington Irving, first published in 1819."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "After a failed business venture with his brothers, Irving filed for bankruptcy in 1818."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Beverages",
"text": "Pappy Van Winkle's Family Reserve is the flagship brand of Bourbon whiskey owned by the \"Old Rip Van Winkle Distillery\" company, actually distilled and bottled by the Sazerac Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "A British edition was published shortly afterward, by John Miller, who went out of business immediately thereafter."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Cartoons and animated films",
"text": "Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special from 1970, presented adaptations of \"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow\" and \"Rip Van Winkle\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "He presented the first draft of \"Rip Van Winkle\" to the Van Wart family over breakfast."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Music",
"text": "Numerous modern songs have been written whose lyrics retell the story, including the 1961 song \"Rip Van Winkle\" by The Devotions, the 2006 song \"Rip Van Winkle\" by Witch, and \"Kaatskill Serenade\" by David Bromberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and publication history",
"text": "\"Rip Van Winkle\" was one of the first stories Irving proposed for his new book, The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture | Music",
"text": "Leave you sleeping in the dirt like your name was Rip Van.\" \"Mountain Music\" is a song written by Randy Owen, and recorded by the American country music band Alabama."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes and literary forerunners",
"text": "Missing his family and friends, he asks to pay them a visit."
}
] |
Rip Van Winkle was written after the author Washington Irving left the family business to start his own business.
| 0 | 2 |
Rip van Winkle
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wasps (Classical Greek: Σφῆκες, romanized: Sphēkes) is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy'."
}
] |
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|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Some events that influenced The Wasps",
"text": "Aristophanes' play The Clouds came third (i.e. last)."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Athenian politicians and generals",
"text": ", he is the arch-villain in all of Aristophanes' early plays."
},
{
"section_header": "The Wasps and Old Comedy",
"text": "The Wasps has been thought to exemplify all the conventions of Old Comedy at their best – structural elements that are common to most of Aristophanes' plays are all found in this play in a complete and readily identifiable form."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "A third man is positioned at the top of an exterior wall with a view into the inner courtyard but he too is asleep."
},
{
"section_header": "Places and people mentioned in The Wasps | Poets and other artists",
"text": "Euripides: Frequently a target of Aristophanes' plays, the tragic poet is mentioned in line 61 as the butt of tired old jokes that are made by other comic poets."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As in his other early plays, Aristophanes satirizes the demagogue Cleon, but in The Wasps he also ridicules one of the Athenian institutions that provided Cleon with his power base: the law courts."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Cleon and the Athenian jury system",
"text": "Aristophanes' plays promote conservative values and support an honourable peace with Sparta, whereas Cleon was a radical democrat and a leader of the pro-war faction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Wasps (Classical Greek: Σφῆκες, romanized: Sphēkes) is the fourth in chronological order of the eleven surviving plays by Aristophanes, the master of an ancient genre of drama called 'Old Comedy'."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Some events that influenced The Wasps",
"text": "426 : Aristophanes won first prize at the City Dionysia with his second play, The Babylonians (now lost), and he was subsequently prosecuted by Cleon for being the author of slanders against the polis."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Some events that influenced The Wasps",
"text": "424 : Aristophanes won first prize at the Lenaia with The Knights in which he lampooned Cleon mercilessly."
}
] |
The Wasps was the third of 11 plays by Aristophanes.
| 0 | 0 |
The Wasps
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrhenius's contributions to science are memorialized by the Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius acid, lunar crater Arrhenius, Martian crater Arrhenius, the mountain of Arrheniusfjellet, and the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "Arrhenius's explanation was that in forming a solution, the salt disassociates into charged particles, to which Michael Faraday had given the name ions many years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": ", Arrhenius was one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "In 1901 Arrhenius was elected to the Swedish Academy of Sciences, against strong opposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrhenius's contributions to science are memorialized by the Arrhenius equation, Arrhenius acid, lunar crater Arrhenius, Martian crater Arrhenius, the mountain of Arrheniusfjellet, and the Arrhenius Labs at Stockholm University."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Svante Arrhenius, 1896b, On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air upon the Temperature of the Ground, London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science (fifth series), April 1896."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Nobel Prizes",
"text": "He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Abstract of the proceedings of the Royal Academy of Science, 58, 25–58."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Society memberships",
"text": "he became foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ionic disassociation",
"text": "The dissertation did not impress the professors at Uppsala, but Arrhenius sent it to a number of scientists in Europe who were developing the new science of physical chemistry, such as Rudolf Clausius, Wilhelm Ostwald, and J. H. van 't Hoff."
},
{
"section_header": "Greenhouse effect",
"text": "This conclusion has been extensively tested, winning a place at the core of modern climate science."
}
] |
Arrhenius had many offerings to science and has been immortalized in several ways.
| 0 | 0 |
Svante Arrhenius
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard, over Arnold."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born on July 30, 1947 in Thal, Styria, the second son of Aurelia (née Jadrny; 1922–1998) and Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907–1972)."
}
] |
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SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early education and bodybuilding beginnings",
"text": "\"Schwarzenegger's brother, Meinhard, died in a car crash on May 20, 1971."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Gustav had a preference for his elder son, Meinhard, over Arnold."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early education and bodybuilding beginnings",
"text": "Meinhard was engaged to Erika Knapp, and they had a three-year-old son named Patrick."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Arnold Sports Festival, considered the second most important bodybuilding event after Mr. Olympia, is named after him."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Early roles",
"text": "Credited under the stage name \"Arnold Strong\", his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early education and bodybuilding beginnings",
"text": "In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder became a huge success."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Early roles",
"text": "You name it, and they told me I had to change it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Early education and bodybuilding beginnings",
"text": "However, Barbara Baker, his first serious girlfriend, recalled that he informed her of his father's death without emotion and that he never spoke of his brother."
},
{
"section_header": "Political career | Governor of California",
"text": "In its April 2010 report, Progressive ethics watchdog group Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington named Schwarzenegger one of 11 \"worst governors\" in the United States because of various ethics issues throughout Schwarzenegger's term as governor."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Action superstar",
"text": "In 1993, the National Association of Theatre Owners named him the \"International Star of the Decade\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger was born on July 30, 1947 in Thal, Styria, the second son of Aurelia (née Jadrny; 1922–1998) and Gustav Schwarzenegger (1907–1972)."
}
] |
Arnold Schwarzenegger's older brother was named Meinhard.
| 1 | 2 |
Arnold Schwarzenegger
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Agreed battlefields",
"text": "Conventionally, the battlefield had to be considered a fair one, not greatly advantaging one side or the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields",
"text": "The occurrence of a battle at a particular location may be entirely accidental, if an encounter between hostile forces occurs with neither side having expected the encounter."
}
] |
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "Some locations are chosen for certain features giving advantage to one side or another."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields",
"text": "The occurrence of a battle at a particular location may be entirely accidental, if an encounter between hostile forces occurs with neither side having expected the encounter."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Agreed battlefields",
"text": "The occurrence of the battle therefore generally reflects the belief by both sides that the battlefield and other circumstances are advantageous for their side."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields",
"text": "Typically, however, the location is chosen deliberately, either by agreement of the two sides or, more commonly, by the commander of one side, who attempts to either initiate an attack on terrain favorable to the attack, or position forces on ground favorable to defense, if anticipating an attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Agreed battlefields",
"text": "Conventionally, the battlefield had to be considered a fair one, not greatly advantaging one side or the other."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Agreed battlefields",
"text": "trees\". In a pitched battle, although the battlefield is not formally agreed upon, either side can choose to withdraw rather than engaging in the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "The nature of the battlefield influences the tactics used; in Vietnam, heavy jungle favored ambush."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "He divided the battlefield in two: one favorable for attack and one for defense, and argued that the greater the benefit of one over the other, the stronger a position was."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A battlefield, battleground, or field of battle is the location of a present or historic battle involving ground warfare."
},
{
"section_header": "Choice of battlefields | Geography and the choice of battlefield",
"text": "He then advises that troops should be situated so that the ground they defend is favorable, while the ground through which the enemy must advance is unfavorable: A position which combines these two kinds of fields of battle is doubly strong, both by its situation, and by the obstacles which cover it."
}
] |
The battleground is an accidentally chosen site, in which one or both sides have a favorable advantage to do battle while choosing a unnatural tactic.
| 0 | 0 |
Battleground
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "The origin of the nicknames \"Big Poison\" and \"Little Poison\" that were given to Paul and his younger brother Lloyd, respectively, is from a game at the Polo Grounds during the 1927 season when a fan pronounced \"person\" as \"poison\" as he called out to the brothers."
}
] |
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SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Waner was born with the middle name of John but his middle name was changed from John to Glee after an uncle named Glee gave him a shotgun at the age of 6."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "The origin of the nicknames \"Big Poison\" and \"Little Poison\" that were given to Paul and his younger brother Lloyd, respectively, is from a game at the Polo Grounds during the 1927 season when a fan pronounced \"person\" as \"poison\" as he called out to the brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Waner was named to the National Baseball Hall of Fame on July 21, 1952."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "\"Gee. It's what I've been looking for a long time, but I had almost given up hope of making it,\" he said."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The 1927 season was a standout year for Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul and Lloyd also hold the record for most hits recorded by brothers (5,611)."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Waner recorded one six-hit game, five five-hit games, and 55 four-hit games in his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "For most of the period from 1927 to 1940, Paul patrolled right field at Forbes Field while Lloyd covered the ground next to him in center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Give him a shot of whiskey.\" After that Waner hit .331 in the remaining games to finish the season with a batting average of .321 with 78 RBIs and 176 hits in 139 games."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
}
] |
Paul Waner was given a pet-name after a spectator shouted the names in a game.
| 2 | 3 |
Paul Waner
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment."
}
] |
xLfPX4wiOfVQWVvKf25w
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1938, Packard and Hewlett began part-time work in a rented garage with an initial capital investment of US$538."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company was founded in a one-car garage in Palo Alto, California by Bill Hewlett and David Packard in 1939, and initially produced a line of electronic test and measurement equipment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This success led Hewlett and Packard to formally establish their Hewlett-Packard Company on January 1, 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1939, Hewlett and Packard decided to formalize their partnership."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company originated in a garage in nearby Palo Alto during a fellowship they had with past professor Frederick Terman at Stanford during the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2010–2012",
"text": "The purchase of Palm's webOS began a big gamble – to build HP's own ecosystem."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980s",
"text": "In 1987, the Palo Alto garage where Hewlett and Packard started their business was designated as a California State historical landmark."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The HP Garage at 367 Addison Avenue is now designated an official California Historical Landmark, and is marked with a plaque calling it the \"Birthplace of 'Silicon Valley'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2000–2005",
"text": "In 2004, HP released the DV 1000 Series, including the HP Pavilion dv 1658 and 1040 two years later in May 2006, HP began its campaign, \"The Computer is Personal Again\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "HP's profit at the end of 1939, its first full year of business, was $1563 on revenues of $5369.They worked on counter-radar technology and artillery shell proximity fuzes during World War II, which allowed Packard (but not Hewlett) to be exempt from the draft."
}
] |
The company, Hewlett-Packard, began in a garage in 1939.
| 1 | 4 |
Hewlett-Packard
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛ̀dvɑɖ ˈhɑ̀ːɡərʉp ˈɡrɪɡː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist."
}
] |
xLweM04rQ1024EZ1iQY5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers, and his music is part of the standard classical repertoire worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "In 1906, he met the composer and pianist Percy Grainger in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edvard Hagerup Grieg ( GREEG, Norwegian: [ˈɛ̀dvɑɖ ˈhɑ̀ːɡərʉp ˈɡrɪɡː]; 15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Nordraak died in 1866, and Grieg composed a funeral march in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He also met his fellow Norwegian composer Rikard Nordraak (composer of the Norwegian national anthem), who became a good friend and source of inspiration."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Russian composer Nikolai Myaskovsky used a theme by Grieg for the variations with which he closed his Third String Quartet."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later years",
"text": "There is a large statue of Grieg in Seattle, while one of the largest hotels in Bergen (his hometown) is named Quality Hotel Edvard Grieg (with over 370 rooms), and a large crater on the planet Mercury is named after Grieg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He met the Danish composers J. P. E. Hartmann and Niels Gade."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Grieg also composed the incidental music for Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, which includes the famous excerpt titled, \"In the Hall of the Mountain King\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Edvard Grieg was raised in a musical family."
}
] |
Edvard Grieg was a German composer and pianist widely considered one of the leading Romantic era composers.
| 0 | 0 |
Edvard Grieg
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "In late 2018, the Arc de Triomphe suffered acts of vandalism as part of the Yellow vests movement protests."
}
] |
xML6zgybDe9kCP3EVebw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "In late 2018, the Arc de Triomphe suffered acts of vandalism as part of the Yellow vests movement protests."
}
] |
In 2018, it suffered acts of vandalism from the Yellow Vests movement protests.
| 2 | 5 |
Arc de Triomphe
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has also been adapted for the stage, notably in the 1960s by the 69 Theatre Company in Manchester with Vanessa Redgrave cast as the heroine Gwendolen Harleth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been adapted for film three times, once as a silent feature and twice for television."
}
] |
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|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1921 film",
"text": "Walter Courtney Rowden made the film at Teddington Studios by Master Films."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel has been adapted for film three times, once as a silent feature and twice for television."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1921 film",
"text": "In 1921 a British silent drama film was produced starring Reginald Fox, Ann Trevor and Clive Brook."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It has also been adapted for the stage, notably in the 1960s by the 69 Theatre Company in Manchester with Vanessa Redgrave cast as the heroine Gwendolen Harleth."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Daniel Deronda — The ward of the wealthy Sir Hugo Mallinger and hero of the novel, Deronda has a tendency to help others at a cost to himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 1970 miniseries",
"text": "John Nolan starred as Daniel Deronda, with Martha Henry as Gwendolen and Robert Hardy as Grandcourt."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel begins in late August 1865 with the meeting of Daniel Deronda and Gwendolen Harleth in the fictional town of Leubronn, Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Daniel Deronda is a novel written by Mary Ann Evans under the pen name of George Eliot, first published in 1876."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He also advises Gwendolen not to try for a life on the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | 2002 miniseries",
"text": "Hugh Dancy starred as the titular Daniel Deronda, with the show winning two British Academy Television Craft Awards, a Banff Rockie Award, and a Broadcasting Press Guild Award."
}
] |
The novel Daniel Deronda has been adapted for film and the stage.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Deronda
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The first adaptation was in 1939, two years after the publication of the novella, and starred Lon Chaney Jr. as Lennie, with Burgess Meredith as George, and was directed by Lewis Milestone."
}
] |
xNd9K91O2kiq4I25yrz2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gang Gang aft agley\". (The best laid schemes of mice and men / Often go awry.) While it is a book taught in many schools, Of Mice and Men has been a frequent target of censors for vulgarity, and what some consider offensive and racist language; consequently, it appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of 21st Century."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "As a result of being a frequent target of censors, Of Mice and Men appears on the American Library Association's list of the Most Challenged Books of the 21st Century (number 4)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of Mice and Men is a novella written by John Steinbeck."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Radio",
"text": "Of Mice and Men was adapted by Donna Franceschild as a radio play directed by Kirsty Williams starring David Tennant and Liam Brennan broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on 7 March 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Whipper repeated this role in the 1939 film version."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Chaney's performance in the role resulted in his casting in the movie."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "An early draft of Of Mice and Men was eaten by Steinbeck's dog, named Max."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Of Mice and Men has been challenged (proposed for censorship) 54 times since it was published in 1936."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "The first adaptation was in 1939, two years after the publication of the novella, and starred Lon Chaney Jr. as Lennie, with Burgess Meredith as George, and was directed by Lewis Milestone."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "For this adaptation, both men reprised their roles from the 1980 Steppenwolf Theatre Company production."
}
] |
1939 was the 1st movie adaptation of the book Of Mice and Men.
| 3 | 6 |
Of Mice and Men
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Koufax's career peaked with a run of six outstanding years from 1961 to 1966, before arthritis in his left elbow ended his career prematurely at age 30."
}
] |
xObVn8PqvvcaUzHwfYC1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Early years (1955–1960)",
"text": "The year 1956 was not very different from 1955 for Koufax."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Domination (1961–1964) | 1962 season",
"text": "Koufax was pitching better than ever, however, so he ignored the problem, hoping that the condition would clear up."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Career overall",
"text": "He is on the very short list of pitchers who retired with more career strikeouts than innings pitched."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Campanis later said, \"There are two times in my life the hair on my arms has stood up: The first time I saw the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the second time, I saw Sandy Koufax throw a fastball.\" The Dodgers signed Koufax for a $6,000 ($57,000 today) salary, with a $14,000 ($133,000 today) signing bonus."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Before tenth grade, Koufax's family moved back to the Bensonhurst section of Brooklyn."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "It not only appeared to move very late but also might move two or three distinct times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Domination (1961–1964) | 1961 season",
"text": "Koufax tried one more year of baseball and showed up for the 1961 season in better condition than he had in previous years."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Early years (1955–1960)",
"text": "Jackie Robinson, in his final season, clashed with Alston on Koufax's usage."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Playing in pain (1965–66) | 1966 season | Season",
"text": "Less than six weeks later, Koufax announced his retirement due to his arthritic condition on Friday, November 18, 1966."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "During his Pirates tryout, Koufax's fastball broke the thumb of Sam Narron, the team's bullpen coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Koufax's career peaked with a run of six outstanding years from 1961 to 1966, before arthritis in his left elbow ended his career prematurely at age 30."
}
] |
Sandy Koufax's career was halted very early because of a health condition.
| 1 | 2 |
Sandy Koufax
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McGinnity's father, Peter, was born in Dublin, Ireland."
}
] |
xOcKkdfgWMQqsBfrysmu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Irish team was included in The Book of Lists, published the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Though Stein chose McGinnity as the right-handed pitcher for the Irish team, the team was omitted from the article due to space limitations."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Joe received little formal schooling."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Their second son, Peter, was born in 1869, and Joe was born in 1871."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the age of eight, Joe and his older brothers went to work in the mines to support their family."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1880, the family moved to Springfield, Illinois, where Joe and his brothers worked for the Springfield Coal Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "Joe Kelley, star player for the Orioles and son-in-law of part-owner John Mahon, reported that the team owed as much as $12,000 ($354,600 in current dollar terms)."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "With the ownership consolidation, Orioles player-manager Ned Hanlon, who received an ownership stake in the clubs, moved from Baltimore to Brooklyn and assigned many of his best players to Brooklyn, including Joe Kelley, Dan McGann, Hughie Jennings and Willie Keeler."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "He tried to waive McGinnity again in August, but both times McGinnity went unclaimed."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Major League Baseball",
"text": "The Giants released McGinnity on February 27, 1909, when McGinnity decided to pay for his own release."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "McGinnity's father, Peter, was born in Dublin, Ireland."
}
] |
Joe McGinnity had Irish roots.
| 0 | 0 |
Joe McGinnity
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Descent and inheritance",
"text": "The son of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, and Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of the German king Henry the Fowler, Hugh was born sometime between 938 and 941."
}
] |
xOfkdfKqzMZfoTulPGYF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "All monarchs of the Kingdom of France from Hugh Capet to Philip II of France were titled 'King of the Franks'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hugh Capet (c. 939 – 24 October 996) was the King of the Franks from 987 to 996."
},
{
"section_header": "Duke of the Franks",
"text": "The royal diplomas of the 960s show that the nobles were faithful not only to the Duke of the Franks, as in the days of Hugh the Great, but also to King Lothair."
},
{
"section_header": "Duke of the Franks",
"text": "\" This victory allowed Hugh Capet to regain his position as the first noble of the Frankish kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Hugh Capet in literature",
"text": "Hugh Capet is encountered in the Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri (c.1265-1321); the poet places him on the fifth terrace of Mount Purgatory (Purgatorio, Canto XX) among sinners performing penitence for avarice."
},
{
"section_header": "France under Ottonian influence",
"text": "Otto I, King of Germany, intended to bring western Francia under his control, which was possible since he was the maternal uncle of Hugh Capet and Lothair of France, the new king of the Franks, who succeeded Louis IV in 954, at the age of 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the founder and first king from the House of Capet."
},
{
"section_header": "Election",
"text": "For ten years, Hugh Capet had been openly competing against his king, and appeared to have subjected the great vassals."
},
{
"section_header": "Rise of the Robertians",
"text": "Robert I, Hugh the Great's father, was succeeded as King of the Franks by his son-in-law, Rudolph of Burgundy."
},
{
"section_header": "Duke of the Franks",
"text": "Sickness among his troops brought on by winter, and a French relief army under Hugh Capet, forced Otto II and Charles to lift the siege on November 30 and return to Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Descent and inheritance",
"text": "The son of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks, and Hedwige of Saxony, daughter of the German king Henry the Fowler, Hugh was born sometime between 938 and 941."
}
] |
The exact birthday of Hugh Capet, King of the Franks, is unknown.
| 0 | 0 |
Hugh Capet
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic."
}
] |
xOq1E9m1695lu5Fdbf12
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins | The need for roads",
"text": "The Appian Way was a Roman road used as a main route for military supplies since its construction for that purpose in 312 BC.The Appian Way was the first long road built specifically to transport troops outside the smaller region of greater Rome (this was essential to the Romans)."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria",
"text": "Roman expansion alarmed Tarentum, the leading city of the Greek presence (Magna Graecia) in southern Italy."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria | Rediscovery",
"text": "In the first half of the 20th century, the professor of ancient Roman topography Giuseppe Lugli managed to discover, with the then innovative technique of photogrammetry, what probably was the route of the Appian Way from Gravina in Puglia (Silvium) up to Taranto."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road",
"text": "The main part of the Appian Way was started and finished in 312 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Appian Way (Latin and Italian: Via Appia) is one of the earliest and strategically most important Roman roads of the ancient republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria",
"text": "The heel of Italy lay open to the Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Between Rome and Lake Albano",
"text": "The road began in the Forum Romanum, passed through the Servian Wall at the porta Capena, went through a cutting in the clivus Martis, and left the city."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Apulia and Calabria",
"text": "The Roman Republic was the government of Italy, for the time being."
},
{
"section_header": "Main sights | Via Appia antica",
"text": "The old Appian Way close to Rome is now a free tourist attraction."
},
{
"section_header": "Construction of the road | Extension to Beneventum",
"text": "Rome dealt the northerners a crushing blow at the Battle of Sentinum in Umbria in 295."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It connected Rome to Brindisi, in southeast Italy."
}
] |
The Roman road, The Appian Way, was a trade route that went between northern to southern Italy.
| 0 | 0 |
Appian Way
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel."
}
] |
xP1OlJP388scfII0qzuS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "T. S. Eliot called it \"the first, the longest, and the best of modern English detective novels in a genre invented by Collins and not by Poe,\" and Dorothy L. Sayers praised it as \"probably the very finest detective story ever written\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, radio, and television adaptations",
"text": "In 1934 the book was made into a critically acclaimed American film, The Moonstone by Monogram Pictures Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "The book is regarded by some as the precursor of the modern mystery novel and the suspense novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The mystery of what Blake did while in his drugged state is solved: he encountered Ablewhite in the passageway outside Rachel's room and gave the Moonstone to him to be put back in his father's bank, from which it had been withdrawn on the morning of the party to be given to Rachel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "However, The Moonstone introduced a number of the elements that became classic attributes of the twentieth-century detective story in novel form, as opposed to Poe's short story form."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is generally considered to be the first detective novel, and it established many of the ground rules of the modern detective novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "a bungling local constabulary detective enquiries"
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "a final twist in the plot. Franklin Blake, the gifted amateur, is an early example of the gentleman detective."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance",
"text": "In The Victorian Age in Literature G. K. Chesterton calls it \"probably the best detective tale in the world\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Despite the efforts of Sergeant Cuff, a renowned detective, the house party ends with the mystery unsolved, and the protagonists disperse."
}
] |
The Moonstone is often given recognition as the 1st detective book written.
| 2 | 4 |
The Moonstone
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has five children: one with Knight, two with Broussard (including Lorraine Nicholson), and one each with Susan Anspach and Winnie Hollman."
}
] |
xPP52iMnHcKswlzC6ivJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph \"Jack\" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spanned more than 60 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1994, at 57, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "After that, who is there but Jack Nicholson?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s",
"text": "The film's director, Rob Reiner, recalls how Nicholson's level of acting experience affected the other actors during rehearsals: \"I had the luck of having Jack Nicholson there."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "\"Within a month after the film's release that September, the movie became a blockbuster, making Nicholson a leading man and the \"new American anti-hero\", according to McDougal."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Jack Nicholson's performance is a wonder of insight."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "Jack is a very curious, alive human being."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She married Italian-American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) in 1936, before realizing that he was already married."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1970s",
"text": "\"I think that Jack really has very little in common with Bobby."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "With twelve Academy Award nominations (eight for Best Actor and four for Best Supporting Actor), Nicholson is the most nominated male actor in Academy Awards history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has five children: one with Knight, two with Broussard (including Lorraine Nicholson), and one each with Susan Anspach and Winnie Hollman."
}
] |
American actor Jack Nicholson has seven kids.
| 0 | 0 |
Jack Nicholson
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) Academy Award for Best Original Score (Aaron Copland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) Academy Award for Best Original Score (Aaron Copland) Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture (Olivia de Havilland) National Board of Review Award for Best Actor (Ralph Richardson) New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland)NominationsAcademy Award for Best Picture"
}
] |
xQjXwtat6faH3e97xzV9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "He has brought the full-bodied people very closely and vividly to view, while maintaining the clarity and sharpness of their personalities, their emotions and their styles ... The Heiress is one of the handsome, intense and adult dramas of the year.\"TV"
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "He finds Catherine wealthy and unmarried, and is more attracted to her (and possibly her fortune) than before."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In his review in The New York Times, Bosley Crowther said the film \"crackles with allusive life and fire in its tender and agonized telling of an extraordinarily characterful tale\" and added, \"Mr. Wyler ... has given this somewhat austere drama an absorbing intimacy and a warming illusion of nearness that it did not have on the stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Catherine's gregarious Aunt Lavinia Penniman (Miriam Hopkins) moves into the household after becoming widowed, and attempts to prod Catherine into being more social and find a husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Heiress received universal critical acclaim and won four Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dr. Sloper believes Morris, being far more attractive and charming than Catherine, but poor and with few prospects after he wasted his own inheritance, is an idler courting Catherine only to get her sizable income."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "play The Heiress. The play was suggested by the 1880 novel Washington Square by Henry James."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "After seeing The Heiress on Broadway, Olivia de Havilland approached William Wyler about directing her in a screen adaptation of the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1996, The Heiress was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\"."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "\"Channel 4 says of the performances, \"de Havilland's portrayal ... is spine-chilling ... Clift brings a subtle ambiguity to one of his least interesting roles, and Richardson is also excellent.\" In 1975, the twenty-first episode of the eighth season of The Carol Burnett Show featured a take-off of the film called \"The Lady Heir\", with Carol Burnett as Catherine and Roddy McDowell as Morris."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations",
"text": "AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) Academy Award for Best Original Score (Aaron Copland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) AwardsAcademy Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland) Academy Award for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration, Black and White (John Meehan, Harry Horner, and Emile Kuri) Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Edith Head and Gile Steele) Academy Award for Best Original Score (Aaron Copland) Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture (Olivia de Havilland) National Board of Review Award for Best Actor (Ralph Richardson) New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress (Olivia de Havilland)NominationsAcademy Award for Best Picture"
}
] |
The Heiress and its cast were given more official accolades than the average person can count on their fingers.
| 1 | 4 |
The Heiress
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Books and memoirs",
"text": "The Way I Am was published. Detailing his struggles with poverty, drugs, fame, heartbreak, and depression, it includes stories of his rise to fame, commentary about past controversies and original lyric sheets from \"Stan\" and \"The Real Slim Shady\"."
}
] |
xRfCh6fMEyUYn9HS3M0N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Books and memoirs",
"text": "On October 21, 2008 his autobiography"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Books and memoirs",
"text": "An autobiography of Eminem's mother (My Son Marshall, My Son Eminem) was published the following month, in which Debbie Nelson describes her childhood and adolescence, meeting Eminem's father and her son's rise to (and struggles with) fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2000–2002: The Marshall Mathers LP, lyrical conflicts and The Eminem Show",
"text": "The Eminem Show was released in May 2002."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2008–2009: Comeback, Relapse and Relapse: Refill",
"text": "\"According to a March 5, 2009 press release, Eminem would release two new albums that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1997–1999: Introduction to Slim Shady, The Slim Shady LP and rise to success",
"text": "Eminem released The Slim Shady LP in February 1999."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2000–2002: The Marshall Mathers LP, lyrical conflicts and The Eminem Show",
"text": "The Marshall Mathers LP was released in May 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2014–2016: Shady XV, vinyl box set, and Southpaw",
"text": "Shady Records released a cypher to promote the album, in which Eminem did a seven-minute freestyle."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Shady Records",
"text": "The project began as a mixtape, but when Eminem found the material better than expected he released it as an album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2011: Recovery and Bad Meets Evil reunion",
"text": "Eminem was featured on Royce da 5'9\"'s \"Writer's Block\", released on April 8, 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2012–2013: The Marshall Mathers LP 2",
"text": "Eminem announced on May 24, 2012, that he was working on his next album, scheduled for release the following year."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Books and memoirs",
"text": "The Way I Am was published. Detailing his struggles with poverty, drugs, fame, heartbreak, and depression, it includes stories of his rise to fame, commentary about past controversies and original lyric sheets from \"Stan\" and \"The Real Slim Shady\"."
}
] |
Eminem has not yet released an autobiography.
| 0 | 1 |
Eminem
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It concerns the attempts of a Catholic bishop and a priest to establish a diocese in New Mexico Territory."
}
] |
xS7RHLUZQHULmNGsd3mL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death Comes for the Archbishop"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "is a 1927 novel by American author Willa Cather."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The novel ends with the death of (retired) Archbishop Latour in Santa Fe: Vaillant has pre-deceased Latour as the first Bishop of Colorado after the Colorado gold rush (in reality Machebeuf was the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Denver)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also included on Time's 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005 and Modern Library's list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century and was chosen by the Western Writers of America to be the 7th-best \"Western Novel\" of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novel was reprinted in the Modern Library series in 1931."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Vaillant, described as being ugly but purpose-filled, is given the nickname \"Blanchet\" (\"Whitey\") as well as \"Trompe-la-morte\" (\"Death-cheater\") for his complexion and his numerous instances of bad health, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "The novel is based on the life of Jean-Baptiste Lamy (1814-1888), and partially chronicles the construction of the Cathedral Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Father Martinez at Taos is removed for denying the necessity of priestly celibacy (and having children, although he is also described as starting a revolt and then profiting from the executions of the rebels to seize their property) and his friend Father Lucero at Arroyo Hondo (described as a miser) is also removed when he joins Father Martinez's new church (Martinez dies an apostate while Lucero receives absolution from Vaillant after repenting near death)."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Near the beginning of the novel, Latour and Vaillant are saved from being murdered by the villainous Buck Scales (at whose house they have sought shelter for the night) by Scales's abused wife Magdalena."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Latour, again presented favourably, nevertheless does operate with a view to politics: he successfully canvasses donations to build a Romanesque cathedral in Santa Fe according to his own desires (he chooses the stone and brings the architect Molny from France to complete it), and bides his time to remove dissenting priests and help a poor Mexican slave-woman named Sada until he is in a position of political strength (his help of Sada is never described in the novel)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It concerns the attempts of a Catholic bishop and a priest to establish a diocese in New Mexico Territory."
}
] |
The 1927 novel Death Comes for the Archbishop is about colonization of the Americas and the Christian diaspora.
| 0 | 0 |
Death Comes for the Archbishop
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993."
}
] |
xSDqExguvX7BEWeKi6SO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Joey rooms with his best friend Chandler for years, and later with Rachel."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Rachel and Ross have a daughter named Emma in \"The One Where Rachel Has a Baby, Part Two\" at the end of season eight."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Conception",
"text": "NBC liked the script and ordered the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reception",
"text": "It wrapped up the story while reminding us why we liked the show and will miss it."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Cox wanted to play the role of Monica because she liked the \"strong\" character, but the producers had her in mind to play Rachel because of her \"cheery, upbeat energy\", which was not how they envisioned Monica; after Cox's audition, though, Kauffman agreed with Cox, and she got the role."
},
{
"section_header": "Series finale",
"text": "They liked the ones that stayed true to the series, citing the finale of The Mary Tyler Moore Show as the gold standard."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Ross is involved in an on-again, off-again relationship with Rachel throughout the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "In the final episode of the series, Ross and Rachel confess their love for each other, and Rachel gives up a job in Paris to be with him."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like Us, the series was finally named Friends."
}
] |
Friends was originally written under the name of Friends like Us and ran for 10 years with characters like Rachel and Ross.
| 2 | 5 |
Friends
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt, Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones."
}
] |
xSpqErRh7MDKMamdhVln
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "As a featured player, he began to attract the attention of major film studios."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Friendships, interests, and character",
"text": "Cooper also had a lifelong passion for automobiles, with a collection that included a 1930 Duesenberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "Norman Rockwell depicted Cooper in his role as The Texan for the cover of The Saturday Evening Post on May 24, 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cooper began his career as a film extra and stunt rider, but soon landed acting roles."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "One of the more important performances in Cooper's early career was his portrayal of a sullen legionnaire in Josef von Sternberg's film Morocco (also 1930) with Marlene Dietrich in her introduction to American audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion",
"text": "He began attending church with them regularly, and met with their parish priest, who offered Cooper spiritual guidance."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Romantic relationships",
"text": "In 1948, after finishing work on The Fountainhead, Cooper began an affair with actress Patricia Neal, his co-star."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "Looking to capitalize on Cooper's growing popularity, Paramount cast him in several Westerns and wartime dramas, including Only the Brave, The Texan, Seven Days' Leave, A Man from Wyoming, and The Spoilers (all released in 1930)."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Romantic relationships",
"text": "In 1929, while filming The Wolf Song, Cooper began an intense affair with Lupe Vélez, which was the most important romance of his early life."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Friendships, interests, and character",
"text": "Free to everybody ... Cooper's twenty-year friendship with Ernest Hemingway began at Sun Valley in October 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt, Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones."
}
] |
Gary Cooper began his career in the 1930s.
| 0 | 0 |
Gary Cooper
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Revelations about the Doctor",
"text": "\" In \"Smith and Jones\" (2007), when asked if he had a brother, he replied, \"No, not any more.\" In both \"Fear Her\" (2006) and \"The Doctor's Daughter\" (2008), he states that he had, in the past, been a father."
}
] |
xT0csYWTbeGIBqPniZss
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Revelations about the Doctor",
"text": "The name Eleventh is still used for this incarnation; the same episode depicts the prophesied \"Fall of the Eleventh\" which had been trailed throughout the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Adversaries | Daleks",
"text": "Their main weakness is their eyestalk; attacks upon them using various weapons can blind a Dalek, making it go mad."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Public consciousness",
"text": "In 1996, the BBC applied for a trade mark to use the TARDIS' blue police box design in merchandising associated with Doctor Who."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Changes of appearance",
"text": "Jodie Whittaker took over the role as the Thirteenth Doctor at the end of the 2017 Christmas special, and is the first woman to be cast as the character."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor",
"text": "The Doctor was initially shrouded in mystery."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Incidental music",
"text": "Since its 2005 return, the series has featured occasional use of excerpts of pop music from the 1970s to the 2000s."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Revelations about the Doctor",
"text": "In subsequent stories the First Doctor was depicted as the earliest incarnation of the Doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Companions",
"text": "Dramatically, these characters provide a figure with whom the audience can identify, and serve to further the story by requesting exposition from the Doctor and manufacturing peril for the Doctor to resolve."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Revelations about the Doctor",
"text": "In the same story, it was revealed that First Doctor was not actually the earliest incarnation of the Doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor",
"text": "Doctor quickly mellowed into a more compassionate figure and was eventually revealed to be a Time Lord, whose race are from the planet Gallifrey, which the Doctor fled by stealing the TARDIS."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | The Doctor | Revelations about the Doctor",
"text": "\" In \"Smith and Jones\" (2007), when asked if he had a brother, he replied, \"No, not any more.\" In both \"Fear Her\" (2006) and \"The Doctor's Daughter\" (2008), he states that he had, in the past, been a father."
}
] |
The character of the Doctor, of Doctor Who, used to have a sibling.
| 1 | 1 |
Doctor Who
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After several lineup changes in its early years, the band settled on nine members for more than a decade: Crahan, Jordison, Gray, Craig Jones, Mick Thomson, Corey Taylor, Sid Wilson, Chris Fehn, and Jim Root."
}
] |
xT8vbhSvLNBWr5itUmTG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Awards and nominations | Grammy Awards and nominations",
"text": "Slipknot have been nominated for ten Grammy Awards and have won one."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After several lineup changes in its early years, the band settled on nine members for more than a decade: Crahan, Jordison, Gray, Craig Jones, Mick Thomson, Corey Taylor, Sid Wilson, Chris Fehn, and Jim Root."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style, influences, and lyrical themes",
"text": "No More, Dead Kennedys, and Metallica."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage performances",
"text": "In later years, they tended to refrain from acts this extreme."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Demo recording and beginnings (1995–1998)",
"text": "It was at this time that the band sought more melodic vocals for their music."
},
{
"section_header": "Image and identities",
"text": "Taylor said in 2002, \"it's our way of becoming more intimate with the music."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jordison's departure, .5: The Gray Chapter, and new members (2013–2016)",
"text": "After years of both sides being silent and evasive as to the reasons for his leaving the band, Jordison revealed in June 2016 that he suffered from Transverse myelitis, a neurological disease that cost him the ability to play the drums toward the end of his time with Slipknot."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "In the years before Slipknot formed, a state of shifting band membership existed throughout the heavy metal scene in Des Moines, Iowa."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Jordison's departure, .5: The Gray Chapter, and new members (2013–2016)",
"text": "On December 12, 2013, the band announced through its official website that Joey Jordison had left the band after 18 years, citing personal reasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The 2001 follow-up album, Iowa, although darker in tone, made the band more popular."
}
] |
Slipknot had ten members for more than ten years.
| 3 | 8 |
Slipknot (band)
|
History
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer."
}
] |
xVHJWFxVYEIwLMQdzutO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Historical rankings in surveys of experts in Canadian political history have consistently placed Macdonald as one of the highest rated Prime Ministers in Canadian history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In polls, Macdonald has consistently been ranked as one of the greatest Prime Ministers in Canadian history."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years, 1815–1830",
"text": "John Alexander Macdonald was the third of five children."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2017, The Canadian Historical Association voted to remove Macdonald's name from their prize for best scholarly book about Canadian history."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sir John Alexander Macdonald (10 or 11 January 1815 – 6 June 1891) was the first prime minister of Canada (1867–1873, 1878–1891)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Macdonald was the first Prime Minister of the new nation, and served 19 years; only William Lyon Mackenzie King served longer."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of Canada | First majority, 1867–1871",
"text": "The Canadian Parliament ratified the terms after a debate over the high cost that cabinet member Alexander Morris described as the worst fight the Conservatives had had since Confederation."
},
{
"section_header": "Prime Minister of Canada | Opposition, 1873–1878",
"text": "In the election, Macdonald was defeated in his riding by Alexander Gunn, but the Conservatives swept to victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years, 1815–1830",
"text": "John Alexander Macdonald was born in Ramshorn parish in Glasgow, Scotland, on 10 (official record) or 11 (father's journal) January 1815."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise, 1843–1864 | Parliamentary advancement, 1843–1857",
"text": "In August 1847 their son John Alexander Macdonald Jr. was born in New York, but as Isabella remained ill, relatives cared for the infant."
}
] |
John Alexander Macdonald is the longest serving prime minister in Canadian history.
| 2 | 6 |
John A. Macdonald
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was known for often violent conflicts, he spoke favorably about black players joining the Major Leagues and was a well known philanthropist ."
}
] |
xVPiCfuvq7OQc7Kjtoo8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was known for often violent conflicts, he spoke favorably about black players joining the Major Leagues and was a well known philanthropist ."
},
{
"section_header": "Post professional career",
"text": "Even so, he was known to help out young players."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Stump was later discredited when it became known that he had stolen items belonging to Cobb and also betrayed the access Cobb gave him in his final months."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "As described in Smithsonian Magazine, \"In 1907 during spring training in Augusta, Georgia, a black groundskeeper named Bungy Cummings, whom Cobb had known for years, attempted to shake Cobb's hand or pat him on the shoulder."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "\" Well, he proved it to me, and I told the other players to let him alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cobb's reputation as a violent man was fanned by his first biographer, sportswriter Al Stump, whose stories about Cobb have been discredited as sensationalized, and have largely proven to be fictional."
}
] |
Ty Cobb was often known for violent conflicts and was a well known philanthropist.
| 1 | 3 |
Ty Cobb
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Memorial",
"text": "Ali's memorial was watched by an estimated 1 billion viewers worldwide."
}
] |
xWXdinOe3Hc5DURNmtxp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death | Memorial",
"text": "The services began in Louisville on June 9, 2016, with an Islamic Janazah prayer service at Freedom Hall on the grounds of the Kentucky Exposition Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Memorial",
"text": "Ali's funeral had been pre-planned by himself and others for several years prior to his actual death."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Memorial",
"text": "A public memorial service for Ali at downtown Louisville's KFC Yum!"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional boxing | World heavyweight champion (second reign) | Third fight against Joe Frazier",
"text": "You might have seen the last of me."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "Following Ali's death, he was the number-one trending topic on Twitter for over 12 hours and on Facebook for several days."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "\"The day after Ali's death, the UFC paid tribute to Ali at their UFC 199 event in a lengthy video tribute package, crediting Ali for his accomplishments and inspiring multiple UFC champions."
},
{
"section_header": "Vietnam War and resistance to the draft | Impact of Ali's draft refusal",
"text": "\"Ali's resistance to the draft was covered in the 2013 documentary The Trials of Muhammad Ali."
},
{
"section_header": "Entertainment career | Spoken word poetry and rap music",
"text": "Ali spoke like no man the world had seen before."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "BET played their documentary Muhammad Ali: Made In Miami."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | News coverage and tributes",
"text": "Louisville Mayor Greg Fischer stated, \"Muhammad Ali belongs to the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Death | Memorial",
"text": "Ali's memorial was watched by an estimated 1 billion viewers worldwide."
}
] |
It is thought that after his death, Muhammad Ali's funerary service was seen by about 1,000,000,000 people.
| 0 | 0 |
Muhammad Ali
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Japanese government perceived a Russian threat to their plans for expansion into Asia and chose to go to war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria."
}
] |
xXDtnyaCjwmGcPlw6pQ6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Declaration of war",
"text": "Tsar Nicholas II was stunned by news of the attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "Some scholars have suggested that Tsar Nicholas II dragged Japan into war intentionally, in hopes of reviving Russian nationalism."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace and aftermath | Treaty of Portsmouth",
"text": "Tsar Nicholas II elected to negotiate peace so he could concentrate on internal matters after the disaster of Bloody Sunday on 9 January 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "The 1890s and 1900s marked the height of the \"Yellow Peril\" propaganda by the German government and the German Emperor Wilhelm II often wrote letters to his cousin Nicholas II of Russia, praising him as the \"savior of the white race\" and urging Russia forward in Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "Potential diplomatic resolution of territorial concerns between Japan and Russia failed; historians have argued that this directly resulted from the actions of Tsar Nicholas II."
},
{
"section_header": "Peace and aftermath | Political consequences | Effects on Russia",
"text": "This was because Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto, which included only limited reforms such as the Duma and failed to address the societal problems of Russia at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Pre-war negotiations",
"text": "Although certain scholars contend the situation arose from the determination of Tsar Nicholas II to use the war against Japan to spark a revival in Russian patriotism, no historical evidence supports this claim."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background | Modernization of Japan",
"text": "Much of the pressure for an aggressive foreign policy in Japan came from below, with the advocates of \"people's rights\" movement calling for an elected parliament also favoring an ultra-nationalist line that took it for granted the Japanese had the \"right\" to annex Korea, as the \"people's right\" movement was led by those who favored invading Korea in the years"
},
{
"section_header": "Peace and aftermath | Treaty of Portsmouth",
"text": "The United States was widely blamed in Japan for the Treaty of Portsmouth with Roosevelt having allegedly \"cheated\" Japan out of its rightful claims at the peace conference."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Russia suffered multiple defeats by Japan, but Tsar Nicholas II was convinced that Russia would win and chose to remain engaged in the war; at first, to await the outcomes of certain naval battles, and later to preserve the dignity of Russia by averting a \"humiliating peace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Japanese government perceived a Russian threat to their plans for expansion into Asia and chose to go to war."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since the end of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, Japan feared Russian encroachment on its plans to create a sphere of influence in Korea and Manchuria."
}
] |
Tsar Nicholas II is thought to have accidentally provoked Japanese aggression by buying mining rights in China in the early 1900s.
| 2 | 4 |
Russo-Japanese War
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "Most medieval battles were short-lived, lasting only a few hours, so the Battle of Bannockburn is unusual in that it lasted two days."
}
] |
xXEwZklvCttMUBlrAN80
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "Not long after daybreak, Edward was surprised to see the Scottish pikemen emerge from the cover of the woods and advance towards his position."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Although, it did not bring an end to the war, victory which would only be secured 14 more years after the battle, Bannockburn was a landmark in Scottish history."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "A Scottish knight, Alexander Seton, who was fighting in the service of Edward II of England, deserted the English camp and told Bruce that English morale was low and encouraged him to attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "Most medieval battles were short-lived, lasting only a few hours, so the Battle of Bannockburn is unusual in that it lasted two days."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Location of the battlefield",
"text": "A large number of alternative locations have been considered but modern researchers believe only two merit serious consideration: An area of peaty ground outside the village of Balquhiderock known as the Dryfield, about .75 miles (1.21 km) east of the traditional site."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Under the treaty the English crown recognised the full independence of the Kingdom of Scotland, and acknowledged Robert the Bruce, and his heirs and successors, as the rightful rulers."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After the death of Edward I, his son Edward II of England came to the throne in 1307 but was incapable of providing the determined leadership his father had shown, and the English position soon became more difficult."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The precise numerical advantage of the English forces relative to the Scottish forces is unknown, but modern researchers estimate that the Scottish faced English forces one-and-a-half to two or three times their size."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | First day of battle",
"text": "others to the king's army, which having already left the road through the wood had debouched upon a plain near the water of Forth beyond Bannockburn, an evil, deep, wet marsh, where the said English army unharnessed and remained all night, having sadly lost confidence and being too much disaffected by the events of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | Second day of battle",
"text": "During the night the English forces crossed the stream known as the Bannockburn, establishing their position on the plain beyond it."
}
] |
The Battle of Bannockburn came to an end after 2 full days of fighting, which was considered at the time, a long and drawn out battle.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Bannockburn
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "Lux Radio Theatre presented The Jolson Story on February 16, 1948."
}
] |
xXXoIwSzH0DWnmBIvoog
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Jolson Story is a 1946 American Technicolor musical biography film which purports to tell the life story of singer Al Jolson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Jolson is seen entirely in long shot; he performs on a theater runway."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Dockstader fires him, but wishes him luck for the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Radio adaptation",
"text": "Lux Radio Theatre presented The Jolson Story on February 16, 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A sequel called Jolson Sings Again was released in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Filming was already under way as a black-and-white feature when studio chief Harry Cohn, impressed by the scenes already filmed, decided to start the project all over as a Technicolor production."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "That's really something!\" (Jolson, discussing the new talking picture) \"Tonight, folks, I'm only going to sing two thousand songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "– his singing was so bad that Hammerstein paid him off if he agreed to quit singing for good."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "Music nobody ever heard of before, but the only kind I want to sing.\" (Jolson, explaining what he's been doing) \"That's an audience that never saw a live show."
},
{
"section_header": "Quotations",
"text": "Audience of millions. I'd be singing to every one of them at the same time."
}
] |
The Jolson Story was shot in the 1930s but it was set in the future ten years and features lots of singing and romance.
| 0 | 0 |
The Jolson Story
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Twenty-year-old Will Hunting (Matt Damon) of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan."
}
] |
xXja7MFZVxjd5opCrXn2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Goldman consistently denied the persistent rumor that he wrote Good Will Hunting or acted as a script doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The musical score for Good Will Hunting was composed by Danny Elfman, who had previously collaborated with Gus Van Sant on To Die For and would go on to score many of the director's other films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Owen Gleiberman, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave the film a \"B\", stating \"Good Will Hunting is stuffed — indeed, overstuffed — with heart, soul, audacity, and blarney."
},
{
"section_header": "Mathematics",
"text": "In an early version of the script, Will Hunting was going to be a physics prodigy, but Nobel Laureate in Physics Sheldon Glashow at Harvard told Damon the subject should be math instead of physics."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Twenty-year-old Will Hunting (Matt Damon) of South Boston is a self-taught genius, though he works as a janitor at MIT and spends his free time drinking with his friends Chuckie, Billy, and Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written by Affleck and Damon, the film follows 20-year-old South Boston janitor Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Filming took place between April and June 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Mathematics",
"text": "In the spring of 1997, Damon and Affleck asked Kleitman to \"speak math to us\" for writing realistic dialogue, so Kleitman invited postdoc Tom Bohman to join him giving them a \"quick lecture\"."
}
] |
Good Will Hunting is a 1997 film with a few eccentric characters like a custodian math genius called Will Hunting.
| 0 | 0 |
Good Will Hunting
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play differs from other farces at the time by employing dynamic characters like Alceste and Célimène as opposed to the traditionally flat characters used by most satirists to criticize problems in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play, though not a commercial success in its time, survives as Molière's best known work today."
}
] |
xXnXIiwbDC9NDU7UkduX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "His insecurity is revealed when he is unable to handle Alceste's criticism of his love sonnet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play differs from other farces at the time by employing dynamic characters like Alceste and Célimène as opposed to the traditionally flat characters used by most satirists to criticize problems in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play, though not a commercial success in its time, survives as Molière's best known work today."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molière has received much criticism for The Misanthrope."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He is quick to criticize the flaws of everyone around him, including himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Alceste The protagonist and \"misanthrope\" of the title."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Guard A messenger of the Marshals of France who asks Alceste to answer for his criticism of Oronte's poetry."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions",
"text": "The Misanthrope was first performed at the Stratford Festival in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Modern adaptations of the play have been written by Tony Harrison and Liz Lochhead."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Because both Tartuffe and Don Juan, two of Molière's previous plays, had already been banned by the French government, Molière may have subdued his actual ideas to make his play more socially acceptable."
}
] |
The Misanthrope is a criticized play about the flat roles for the insecure actors and became an overnight success.
| 0 | 0 |
The Misanthrope
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan",
"text": "On Glubbdubdrib, he visits a magician's dwelling and discusses history with the ghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the \"ancients versus moderns\" theme in the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan",
"text": "The ghosts include Julius Caesar, Brutus, Homer, Aristotle, René Descartes, and Pierre Gassendi."
}
] |
xXwHQAwW3RbvJoV8tLgP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gulliver's Travels, or Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Comic misanthropy",
"text": "Misanthropy is a theme that scholars have identified in Gulliver's Travels."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "In this sense, Gulliver's Travels is a very modern and complex novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Swift claimed that he wrote Gulliver's Travels \"to vex the world rather than divert it\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes | Comic misanthropy",
"text": "Stone points out that Gulliver's Travels takes a cue from the genre of the travel book, which was popular during Swift's time period."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history | Faulkner's 1735 edition",
"text": "Generally, this is regarded as the Editio Princeps of Gulliver's Travels with one small exception."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Swift, Jonathan Gulliver's Travels (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2008) ISBN 978-0141439495."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Swift, Jonathan Gulliver's Travels (New York: W.W. Norton, 2001) ISBN 0393957241."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Swift, Jonathan Gulliver's Travels (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005) ISBN 978-0192805348."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition and history | Faulkner's 1735 edition",
"text": "In 1735 an Irish publisher, George Faulkner, printed a set of Swift's works, Volume III of which was Gulliver's Travels."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan",
"text": "On Glubbdubdrib, he visits a magician's dwelling and discusses history with the ghosts of historical figures, the most obvious restatement of the \"ancients versus moderns\" theme in the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib and Japan",
"text": "The ghosts include Julius Caesar, Brutus, Homer, Aristotle, René Descartes, and Pierre Gassendi."
}
] |
There are phantoms and apparitions in Gulliver's Travels.
| 0 | 0 |
Gulliver's Travels
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written by Affleck and Damon, the film follows 20-year-old South Boston janitor Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor."
}
] |
xY45eWFy52SutlwERoG1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Good Will Hunting is a 1997 American drama film directed by Gus Van Sant, and starring Robin Williams, Matt Damon, Ben Affleck, Minnie Driver, and Stellan Skarsgård."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Written by Affleck and Damon, the film follows 20-year-old South Boston janitor Will Hunting, an unrecognized genius who, as part of a deferred prosecution agreement after assaulting a police officer, becomes a client of a therapist and studies advanced mathematics with a renowned professor."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Goldman consistently denied the persistent rumor that he wrote Good Will Hunting or acted as a script doctor."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Gus Van Sant Nominated: Writers Guild of America Award for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen – Ben Affleck & Matt Damon"
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "The musical score for Good Will Hunting was composed by Danny Elfman, who had previously collaborated with Gus Van Sant on To Die For and would go on to score many of the director's other films."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Owen Gleiberman, writing for Entertainment Weekly, gave the film a \"B\", stating \"Good Will Hunting is stuffed — indeed, overstuffed — with heart, soul, audacity, and blarney."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Damon said the only scene from that script that survived — \"it survived verbatim\" — was when Will Hunting (Damon) meets his therapist, Dr. Maguire (Robin Williams)."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Meanwhile, Kevin Smith was working with Affleck on Mallrats and with both Damon and Affleck on Chasing Amy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads, \"It follows a predictable narrative arc, but Good Will Hunting adds enough quirks to the journey – and is loaded with enough powerful performances – that it remains an entertaining, emotionally rich drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "Matt Damon Won: Humanitas Prize for Feature Film – Matt Damon & Ben Affleck"
}
] |
Good Will Hunting was written by Affleck and Damon.
| 0 | 0 |
Good Will Hunting
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the mid-1960s Tammany Hall ceased to exist."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s."
}
] |
xYIfjrydgujvKKuQGZg2
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "Tammany Hall also served as a social integrator for immigrants by familiarizing them with American society and its political institutions and by helping them become naturalized citizens."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "German immigrants were also present in large numbers in the city at this time, but did not actively seek to participate in city politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City and New York State politics and helping immigrants, most notably the Irish, rise in American politics from the 1790s to the 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By 1854, the support which Tammany Hall received from immigrants would firmly establish the organization as the leader of New York City's political scene."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "With this, Tammany Hall became an influential political organization in the area."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1789–1840",
"text": "Tammany Hall became a locally organized machine dedicated to stopping Clinton and Federalists from rising to power in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Indian Summer, 1950s",
"text": "Although the Kefauver hearings, an investigation into organized crime, did not directly impact Tammany, it did not help its image regarding its appeared connection to organized crime."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Machine politics versus the reformers",
"text": "They typically had strong local organizations, known as \"political clubs\", as well as one prominent leader often called the \"boss\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "At first, in the latter 1810s, immigrants were not allowed membership in Tammany Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Immigrant support",
"text": "By the 1820s, Tammany Hall was accepting Irish immigrants as members of the group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "By the mid-1960s Tammany Hall ceased to exist."
}
] |
Tammany Hall was a political organization that helped immigrants rise in American politics for the past 3 centuries into present time.
| 0 | 3 |
Tammany Hall
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily, which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen, the Capetian House of Anjou, Spain, and the House of Habsburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [siˈtʃiːlja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [sɪˈʃiːlja]) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy."
}
] |
xYNh22rMnSk6pj7b39Ko
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Italian unification",
"text": "As a result of the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, Sicily became part of the kingdom on 17 March 1861."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom of Sicily",
"text": "During this period, the Kingdom of Sicily was prosperous and politically powerful, becoming one of the wealthiest states in all of Europe—even wealthier than the Kingdom of England."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "In preparation for the invasion, the Allies revitalised the Mafia to aid them."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Flag and emblem",
"text": "Their plan was to help Sicily become independent and form a free republic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Kingdom of Sicily",
"text": "Muslims, Jews, Byzantine Greeks, Lombards, and Normans worked together fairly amicably."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "Traditionally, Sicily gives center-right results during elections."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea, to the northeast of mainland Sicily form a volcanic complex, and include Stromboli."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th and 21st centuries",
"text": "There was an allied invasion of Sicily during World War II starting on 10 July 1943."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Antiquity",
"text": "Syracuse gained Sparta and Corinth as allies and, as a result, the Athenian expedition was defeated."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Byzantine period (535–965)",
"text": "Sicily was used as a base for the Byzantines to conquer the rest of Italy, with Naples, Rome, Milan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily, which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen, the Capetian House of Anjou, Spain, and the House of Habsburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sicily (Italian: Sicilia [siˈtʃiːlja]; Sicilian: Sicilia [sɪˈʃiːlja]) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy."
}
] |
Sicily's kingdom was formed as a result of the Byzantine invasion.
| 0 | 0 |
Sicily
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960."
}
] |
xYTwefqn7aZYjQEVIQMl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They are the best-selling act in the US, with certified sales of 183 million units."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development",
"text": "In Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever, Scott Schinder and Andy Schwartz describe the Beatles' musical evolution: In their initial incarnation as cheerful, wisecracking moptops, the Fab Four revolutionised the sound, style, and attitude of popular music and opened rock and roll's doors to a tidal wave of British rock acts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They were integral to the development of 1960s counterculture and popular music's recognition as an art form."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "The album caught the attention of music critic William Mann of The Times, who suggested that Lennon and McCartney were \"the outstanding English composers of 1963\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2000s",
"text": "The Beatles: Rock Band, a music video game in the Rock Band series, was issued on the same day."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and development",
"text": "Although their initial style was a highly original, irresistibly catchy synthesis of early American rock and roll and R&B, the Beatles spent the rest of the 1960s expanding rock's stylistic frontiers, consistently staking out new musical territory on each release."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Their musical innovations and commercial success inspired musicians worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | First visit to the United States and the British Invasion",
"text": "The band flew to Florida, where they appeared on the weekly Ed Sullivan Show a second time, before another 70 million viewers, before returning to the UK on 22 February."
}
] |
The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Manchester in 1960, and are the best-selling music act of all time, with estimated sales of 600 million units worldwide.
| 0 | 0 |
The Beatles
|
Popular Culture
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
}
] |
xZ9Vj1RTdktRielAklYl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "George Clooney as Michael Raymond Clayton."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "At the Movies with Ebert & Roeper"
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "On March 11, 2008 the movie was also released on HD DVD."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) Washington"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) Satellite Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) San Francisco Film Critics Circle"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Best Actor (George Clooney) Best Director (Tony Gilroy) Best Picture"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "But it does have enough of a melodramatic pulse to keep you engaged in its story and, better than that, it is full of plausible characters who are capable of surprising—and surpassing—your expectations\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus reads: \"Michael Clayton is one of the most sharply scripted films of 2007, with an engrossing premise and faultless acting."
}
] |
Michael Clayton was a movie by George Clooney and he played the main character in the movie.
| 2 | 5 |
Michael Clayton
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This play is believed to have been William Shakespeare's final play before he retired to Stratford-Upon-Avon and died three years later."
}
] |
xZNQ0Ut7z64KbcTDQIiw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Noble Kinsmen is a Jacobean tragicomedy, first published in 1634 and attributed to John Fletcher and William Shakespeare."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "Links between The Two Noble Kinsmen and contemporaneous works point to 1613–1614 as its date of composition and first performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Shakespeare and Fletcher contributions",
"text": "Researchers have applied a range of tests and techniques to determine the relative shares of Shakespeare and Fletcher in the play in their attempts to distinguish the shares of Shakespeare and Fletcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In addition to whatever public performances there were around 1613–1614, evidence suggests a performance of The Two Noble Kinsmen at Court in 1619."
},
{
"section_header": "Shakespeare and Fletcher contributions",
"text": "For example, Smith (1974) cites \"metrical characteristics, vocabulary and word-compounding, incidence of certain contractions, kinds and uses of imagery, and characteristic lines of certain types\", and offers a breakdown that agrees, in general if not in all details, with those of other scholars: Shakespeare"
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history",
"text": "In 1664, after theatres had re-opened after Charles II returned to the throne at the beginning of the English Restoration period, Sir William Davenant produced an adaptation of The Two Noble Kinsmen for the Duke's Company titled The Rivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | In popular culture",
"text": "In The Simpsons' Season 15 episode \"Co-Dependent's Day,\" after Moe Szyslak unthinkingly gives away a rare 1886 bottle of Château Latour, he proceeds to dry his tears with another priceless collector's item, an original manuscript of The Two Noble Kinsmen."
},
{
"section_header": "Shakespeare and Fletcher contributions",
"text": "Act I, scenes 1–3; Act II, scene 1; Act III, scene 1; Act V, scene 1, lines 34–173, and scenes 3 and 4.Fletcher Prologue; Act II, scenes 2–6; Act III, scenes 2–6; Act IV, scenes 1 and 3; Act V, scene 1, lines 1–33, and scene 2; Epilogue.uncertain"
},
{
"section_header": "Shakespeare and Fletcher contributions",
"text": "Act I, scenes 4 and 5; Act IV, scene 2."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "This play is believed to have been William Shakespeare's final play before he retired to Stratford-Upon-Avon and died three years later."
}
] |
The Two Noble Kinsmen is thought to be the final theatrical script Shakespeare contributed to.
| 1 | 3 |
The Two Noble Kinsmen
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw was first published in the magazine Collier's Weekly, serialised in 12 instalments (27 January – 16 April 1898)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898)."
}
] |
xaPLRgOBlb3UISti4z6V
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In The Collier's Weekly Version of The Turn of the Screw (2010), the tale is presented in its original serial form with a detailed analysis of the changes James made over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "James revised The Turn of the Screw ten years later for his New York Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Critical Companion to Henry James: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "The Critical Reception of Henry James: Creating a Master."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "\" The Haunting of Henry James: Jealous Ghosts, Affinities and The Others\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw has been the subject of a range of adaptations and reworkings in a variety of media, and these reworkings and adaptations have, themselves, been analysed in the academic literature on Henry James and neo-Victorian culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898)."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Its profoundest pleasure lies in the beautifully fussed over way in which James refuses to come down on either side [...]"
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "James's The Turn of the Screw: A Readers Guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Henry James's Legacy: The Afterlife of His Figure and Fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw was first published in the magazine Collier's Weekly, serialised in 12 instalments (27 January – 16 April 1898)."
}
] |
Harper's Bazaar issued The Turn of the Screw as individual chapters, paying Henry James $900 over the course of a year for rights to his work.
| 1 | 3 |
The Turn of the Screw
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Real estate and construction (22.6%), trade (16%), entrepôt (15%) and financial services (11%) are the largest contributors to Dubai's economy."
}
] |
xajC9AWC4G82SzhvPyge
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Since the economy of Dubai relies majorly on real estate, transportation and tourism, it was highly exposed to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Real estate and construction (22.6%), trade (16%), entrepôt (15%) and financial services (11%) are the largest contributors to Dubai's economy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century, Dubai's economy relies on revenues from trade, tourism, aviation, real estate, and financial services."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The AED 4 billion first phase of the project will be complete by January 2015.In September 2019, Dubai's ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ordered to establish the Higher Committee for Real Estate Planning to study and evaluate future real estate construction projects, in ordered to achieve a balance between supply and demand, which is seen as a move to curb the pace of construction projects following property prices fall."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Much of Dubai's real-estate boom is concentrated to the west of Dubai Creek, on the Jumeirah coastal belt."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The large-scale real estate development projects have led to the construction of some of the tallest skyscrapers and largest projects in the world such as the Emirates Towers, the Burj Khalifa, the Palm Islands and the most expensive hotel, the Burj Al Arab."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "One of the world's fastest growing economies, Dubai's gross domestic product is projected at US$107.1 billion, with a growth rate of 6.1% in 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Dubai's Jebel Ali port, constructed in the 1970s, has the largest man-made harbour in the world and was ranked seventh globally for the volume of container traffic it supports."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Pre-oil Dubai",
"text": "In 1970 a new airport terminal building was constructed which included Dubai's first duty-free shops."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The government's decision to diversify from a trade-based, oil-reliant economy to one that is service- and tourism-oriented made property more valuable, resulting in the property appreciation from 2004 to 2006."
}
] |
Dubai's economy relies on real estate and construction now.
| 3 | 5 |
Dubai
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In the 2016 census, Quebec had a population of 8,164,361 living in 3,531,663 of its 3,858,943 total dwellings, a 3.3% change from its 2011 population of 7,903,001."
}
] |
xbBU2iRzhMnxMZiYNw1s
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Quebec is the second-most populous province of Canada, after Ontario."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In the 2016 census, Quebec had a population of 8,164,361 living in 3,531,663 of its 3,858,943 total dwellings, a 3.3% change from its 2011 population of 7,903,001."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Although Quebec is home to only 24% of the population of Canada, the number of international adoptions in Quebec is the highest of all provinces of Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "With a land area of 1,356,625.27 km2 (523,795.95 sq mi), it had a population density of 6.0/km2 (15.6/sq mi) in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Canadian Confederation",
"text": "The former Province of Canada was divided into its two previous parts as the provinces of Ontario (Upper Canada) and Quebec (Lower Canada)."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "In 2013, Statistics Canada estimated the province's population to be 8,155,334."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Quebec is unique among the provinces in its overwhelmingly Roman Catholic population, though recently with a low church attendance."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Language",
"text": "Quebec is the only Canadian province whose population is mainly Francophone; 6,102,210 people (78.1 percent of the population) recorded it as their sole native language in the 2011 Census, and 6,249,085 (80.0%) recorded that they spoke it most often at home."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Quebec Act",
"text": "At that time, French-speaking Canadians formed the vast majority of the population of the province of Quebec (more than 99%) and British immigration was not going well."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Effects of the American Revolution | Separation of the Province of Quebec",
"text": "The creation of Upper and Lower Canada in 1791 allowed most Loyalists to live under British laws and institutions, while the French-speaking population of Lower Canada could maintain their familiar French civil law and the Catholic religion."
}
] |
Quebec had a population of 8,164,361 in 2016, making it the second-most populous province of Canada, after Ontario.
| 0 | 0 |
Quebec
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rogue One is the first film in the Star Wars anthology series, a series of standalone spin-off films in the Star Wars franchise."
}
] |
xbXkPWpsEtKRndB5rqHP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (or simply Rogue One) is a 2016 American epic space opera film directed by Gareth Edwards."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Tie-in novels",
"text": "Written by veteran Star Wars novelist James Luceno, the story is set some years before the events of Rogue One, and provides a backstory to the 2016 film."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Rogue One is the first film in the Star Wars anthology series, a series of standalone spin-off films in the Star Wars franchise."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogue One follows a group of rebels on a mission to steal the plans for the Death Star, the Galactic Empire's super weapon, just before the events of the original Star Wars film."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Marketing",
"text": "Paramount Pictures registered and cleared the title with the Motion Picture Association of America in January 2015, well before Disney announced the title of its forthcoming Star Wars spinoff."
},
{
"section_header": "Soundtrack",
"text": "Yes, it's an action movie, and it's a Star Wars film, and it has all the things that you would come to expect and love about that, but I didn't want to forget that it was also an incredibly emotional movie as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "In a poll on the official Star Wars website in May 2017, in which more than 30,000 people voted, Chirrut Îmwe was voted as the most popular Rogue One character."
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "Several characters and concepts from the film were also included in the mobile games Star Wars: Force Arena, Star Wars Commander and Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes, all available on iOS and Android."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "\"At the 2016 Star Wars Celebration"
},
{
"section_header": "In other media | Video games",
"text": "A downloadable expansion pack was released for the Star Wars Battlefront reboot, titled Rogue One: Scarif, that allows players the ability to play through the various locations, characters and set pieces from the planet introduced in Rogue One."
}
] |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story is a spin-off of the orginal Star Wars movies.
| 0 | 4 |
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | \"No-brand\" branding",
"text": "\"No brand\" branding may be construed as a type of branding as the product is made conspicuous through the absence of a brand name."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | \"No-brand\" branding",
"text": "This no-brand strategy means that little is spent on advertisement or classical marketing and Muji's success is attributed to the word-of-mouth, simple shopping experience and the anti-brand movement."
}
] |
xbff6WhBPXKqvFsoAbK8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Global brand variables | Brand identity",
"text": "Self-image: How does one brand-customer portrays their ideal self – how they want to look and behave; what they aspire to – brands can target their messaging accordingly and make the brand's aspirations reflect theirs."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand personality",
"text": "A brand can, therefore, become one of the most valuable elements in an advertising theme, as it demonstrates what the brand owner is able to offer in the marketplace."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multi-brands",
"text": "Cannibalization is a particular challenge with a multi-brand strategy approach, in which the new brand takes business away from an established one which the organization also owns."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand awareness",
"text": "Brand recognition (also known as aided brand awareness) occurs when consumers see or read a list of brands, and express familiarity with a particular brand only after they hear or see it as a type of memory aide."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multiproduct branding strategy",
"text": "Multiproduct branding strategy is when a company uses one name across all its products in a product class."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand awareness",
"text": "Thus, the brand offers the customer a short-cut to understanding the different product or service offerings that make up a particular category."
},
{
"section_header": "Brand elements | Brand communication",
"text": "For example, a brand may recognize that advertising touch points are most effective during the pre-purchase experience stage therefore they may target their advertisements to new customers rather than to existing customers."
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand names and trademarks",
"text": "More than a product it is a statement that one should seek to purchase by proxy of the brand"
},
{
"section_header": "Concepts | Brand awareness",
"text": "Brand awareness involves a customers' ability to recall and/or recognize brands, logos, and branded advertising."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | Multiproduct branding strategy | Product line extension",
"text": "This approach is seen as favourable as it can result in lower promotion costs and advertising due to the same name being used on all products, therefore increasing the level of brand awareness."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | \"No-brand\" branding",
"text": "\"No brand\" branding may be construed as a type of branding as the product is made conspicuous through the absence of a brand name."
},
{
"section_header": "Branding strategies | \"No-brand\" branding",
"text": "This no-brand strategy means that little is spent on advertisement or classical marketing and Muji's success is attributed to the word-of-mouth, simple shopping experience and the anti-brand movement."
}
] |
Some brands advertise their brand by not putting a brand on their particular brand of product, thus relying on people's pre-existing knowledge of their brand to aid the advertising of their brand, rather than the brand's brand.
| 0 | 0 |
Brand
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Daniel Boone died of natural causes (other sources say from acute indigestion) on September 26, 1820, at Nathan Boone's home on Femme Osage Creek, five weeks short of his 86th birthday."
}
] |
xdU28nNgr9NFzHbuCMm6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "Blackfish wanted to continue to Boonesborough and capture it, since it was now poorly defended, but Boone convinced him that the women and children were not hardy enough to survive a winter trek."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "Apparently thinking that they had killed Daniel Boone, the Shawnees beheaded Ned and took the head home as a trophy, to prove that they had really killed Daniel Boone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Through this work, Boone first learned the easy routes westward."
},
{
"section_header": "Kentucky",
"text": "This, as well as the unrest in North Carolina due to the Regulator Movement, likely prompted Boone to extend his exploration."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After his death, Boone became the subject of many heroic tall tales and works of fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Businessman and politician from the Ohio River valley",
"text": "There he operated a trading post and occasionally worked as a surveyor's assistant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1720, Squire Boone, who worked primarily as a weaver and a blacksmith, married Sarah Morgan (1700–77)."
},
{
"section_header": "Businessman and politician from the Ohio River valley",
"text": "A celebrity, Boone kept a tavern in Limestone, and also worked as a surveyor, horse trader and land speculator."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "Kenton became Boone's close friend, as well as a legendary frontiersman in his own right."
},
{
"section_header": "American Revolution",
"text": "While Boone recovered, Shawnees kept up their attacks outside Boonesborough, killing cattle and destroying crops."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Daniel Boone died of natural causes (other sources say from acute indigestion) on September 26, 1820, at Nathan Boone's home on Femme Osage Creek, five weeks short of his 86th birthday."
}
] |
Boone was killed by his stomach not working well enough.
| 0 | 0 |
Daniel Boone
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw is widely held to be \"the best player to become a great manager\" in the history of baseball."
}
] |
xdVU8u9gZLxtE8UmoCfk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "Although for most of his career McGraw wore the same baseball uniform his players wore, he eventually took a page out of Mack's book toward the end of his career and began managing in a three piece suit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw is widely held to be \"the best player to become a great manager\" in the history of baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Joseph McGraw (April 7, 1873 – February 25, 1934), nicknamed \"Little Napoleon\" and \"Mugsy\", was a Major League Baseball (MLB) player and manager of the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minor leagues",
"text": "While the young Gainesville club lost the game 9–6, McGraw managed three doubles in five at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Managerial record | New York Giants managerial record",
"text": "McGraw became the third of three managers for the New York Giants in 1902, and held the position until 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | 1899–1932",
"text": "Despite great success as a player, McGraw is most remembered for his tremendous accomplishments as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "My Thirty Years in Baseball. He stepped down as manager of the New York Giants in the middle of the 1932 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "McGraw was a key player on the pennant-winning 1890s Baltimore Orioles, and later applied his talents and temper while a captain (playing)-manager, transitioning in 1902 to the New York Giants, for whom he became a bench manager in 1907 until his retirement in 1932."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Even with his success and fame as a player, he is best known for his managing, especially since it was with a team as popular as the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial career | Managerial record | New York Giants managerial record",
"text": "He took another leave of absence during the 1927 season; player-coach Hornsby served as interim manager during this time."
}
] |
John McGraw was a baseball player and manager who wore a three piece suit as a manager.
| 0 | 1 |
John McGraw
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "All seven boys took up baseball, five of them playing the game professionally."
}
] |
xdZGDQL4D2GKXHjgegAp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "His brother Frank Manush was 18 years older than Heinie and played professional baseball from 1907 to 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "\" In the dining car, O'Brien continues even as he orders, \"Filet mignon that's for me, filet mignon that's for me, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush, filet mignon, medium rare, Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "In 1918, Manush moved to Iowa to join another brother in the plumbing business."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Manush was nicknamed \"Heinie\" due to his German ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "After Manush's 1922 performance in Omaha, he was purchased by the Detroit Tigers."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Ty Cobb later accepted responsibility for Manush's slump in 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "After working with Cobb, Manush's batting average and self-confidence plummeted."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "\"The 1942 motion picture Obliging Young Lady opens with a comedic sequence in which Edmond O'Brien keeps repeating \"Heinie Manush, Heinie Manush\" in cadence with the sound of the train on which he is riding."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Hall of Fame and legacy",
"text": "At one point, a porter interrupts, \"Who is Heinie Manush?\", and O'Brien replies, \"The great baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry Emmett Manush (July 20, 1901 – May 12, 1971), nicknamed \"Heinie\", was an American baseball outfielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "All seven boys took up baseball, five of them playing the game professionally."
}
] |
All of Heinie Manush's brothers played baseball.
| 2 | 4 |
Heinie Manush
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston's hometown of Eatonville, Florida, celebrates her life annually in Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities."
}
] |
xe1qKgWna7f986a8J9GC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston (January 7, 1891 – January 28, 1960) was an American author, anthropologist, and filmmaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "She later described this personal literary awakening as a kind of \"birth\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Interest was revived in 1975 after author Alice Walker published an article, \"In Search of Zora Neale Hurston\", in the March issue of Ms. magazine that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "When the consciousness we know as life ceases, I know that I shall still be part and parcel of the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "In 1887, it was one of the first all-black towns incorporated in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early life and education",
"text": "A few years later, her father was elected as mayor of the town in 1897."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Work and study",
"text": "At this time, apparently to qualify for a free high-school education, the 26-year-old Hurston began claiming 1901 as her year of birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork",
"text": "From October 1947 to February 1948, Hurston lived in Honduras, at the north coastal town of Puerto Cortés."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics",
"text": "I shall return with the earth to Father Sun, and still exist in substance when the sun has lost its fire, and disintegrated into infinity to perhaps become a part of the whirling rubble of space."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Anthropological and folkloric fieldwork",
"text": "the judge in the trial placed on the defense but by her inability to get residents in town to talk about the case; both blacks and whites were silent."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary career | Posthumous recognition",
"text": "Zora Neale Hurston's hometown of Eatonville, Florida, celebrates her life annually in Zora Neale Hurston Festival of the Arts and Humanities."
}
] |
Zora was an author that that is still honered in her birth town.
| 2 | 5 |
Zora Neale Hurston
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
}
] |
xeXpQsocVIpV7qq1k4mN
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The web site's critical consensus reads, \"The Dark Knight Rises is an ambitious, thoughtful, and potent action film that concludes Christopher Nolan's franchise in spectacular fashion."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Bale has stated that The Dark Knight Rises will be his final Batman film."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film directed by Christopher Nolan, who co-wrote the screenplay with his brother Jonathan Nolan, and the story with David S. Goyer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Based on the DC Comics character Batman, it is the final installment in Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy, and the sequel to The Dark Knight (2008)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Dark Knight. In 2014, Empire ranked The Dark Knight Rises the 72nd greatest film ever made on their list of \"The 301 Greatest Movies Of All Time\" as voted by the magazine's readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises opened on Friday, July 20, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises premiered in New York City on July 16, 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Production photos from filming in Pittsburgh showed a second Tumbler chassis after the first was destroyed, indicating that a new Batmobile would be in the film, following the destruction of the first in The Dark Knight."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises featured over an hour of footage shot in IMAX (by comparison, The Dark Knight contained 28 minutes)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The Dark Knight Rises was released on November 28, 2012 in Hong Kong and New Zealand."
}
] |
The Dark Knight Rises is a 2012 superhero film, the follow up movie to The Dark Knight, and the 2nd film in Nolan's Batman franchise.
| 0 | 0 |
The Dark Knight Rises
|
History
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth II."
}
] |
xelxiDU4UMShp8kHdiM8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Empire to Commonwealth",
"text": "George VI's reign saw the acceleration of the dissolution of the British Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "George VI's coronation at Westminster Abbey took place on 12 May 1937, the date previously intended for Edward's coronation."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his early life in the shadow of his elder brother, Edward."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father was Prince George, Duke of York (later King George V), the second and eldest surviving son of the Prince and Princess of Wales (later King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra)."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "The Duke and Duchess had two children: Elizabeth (called \"Lilibet\" by the family) who was born in 1926, and Margaret who was born in 1930."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "In a break with tradition, his mother Queen Mary attended the ceremony in a show of support for her son."
},
{
"section_header": "Reluctant king",
"text": "King George V had severe reservations about Prince Edward, saying \"After I am dead, the boy will ruin himself in twelve months\" and \"I pray God that my eldest son will never marry and that nothing will come between Bertie and Lilibet and the throne."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness and death",
"text": "His daughter flew back to Britain from Kenya as Queen Elizabeth II.From 9 February for two days George VI's coffin rested in St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, before lying in state at Westminster Hall from 11 February."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "The King, Emperor of IndiaGeorge held a number of titles throughout his life, as successively great-grandson, grandson and son of the monarch."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was succeeded by his daughter, Elizabeth II."
}
] |
Georges VI's son called "Georges VII" did succeed to him.
| 4 | 7 |
George VI
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Before it became a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google Inc. was first structured as the owner of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
}
] |
xf0DOM7K9ducEqb61gnv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "These include widely used products and services long associated with Google, such as the Android mobile operating system, YouTube, and Google Search, which remain direct components of Google."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The establishment of Alphabet Inc. was prompted by a desire to make the core Google business \"cleaner and more accountable\" while allowing greater autonomy to group companies that operate in businesses other than Internet services."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet is the world's fourth-largest technology company by revenue and one of the world's most valuable companies."
},
{
"section_header": "Revenue",
"text": "Of these, 53% came from its international operations."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity",
"text": "Page explained the origin of the company's name: We liked the name Alphabet because it means a collection of letters that represent language, one of humanity's most important innovations, and is the core of how we index with Google search!"
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Before it became a subsidiary of Alphabet, Google Inc. was first structured as the owner of Alphabet."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Inc. (referring to the Roman numeral of 26, the number of letters in the alphabet), so that they can be valued and legally separated from Google."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. Google CEO Larry Page made this announcement in a blog post on Google's official blog."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure",
"text": "Beside its largest subsidiary, Google, Alphabet Inc. has several other subsidiaries in several other industries, among others: As of September 1, 2017, their equity is held by a subsidiary known as XXVI Holdings,"
},
{
"section_header": "Investments and acquisitions | Acquisitions",
"text": "Flatiron Health, a startup founded by two former Google employees and backed by Alphabet, Inc., announced that it was to be acquired by health conglomerate Hoffmann-La Roche for $1.8 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California."
}
] |
Alphabet Inc. is a small sector of Google, focused mainly on YouTube operations.
| 1 | 2 |
Alphabet Inc.
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by thermal state",
"text": "Glaciers which are partly cold-based and partly warm-based are known as polythermal."
}
] |
xfRJmTOq1uf0adzb6ICe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Motion | Ogives",
"text": "They are linked to seasonal motion of glaciers; the width of one dark and one light band generally equals the annual movement of the glacier."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Within high-altitude and Antarctic environments, the seasonal temperature difference is often not sufficient to release meltwater."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "In glaciated areas where the glacier moves faster than one km per year, glacial earthquakes occur."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by thermal state",
"text": "In a similar way, the thermal regime of a glacier is often described by its basal temperature."
},
{
"section_header": "Glacial geology | Drumlins",
"text": "One of these fields is found east of Rochester, New York; it is estimated to contain about 10,000 drumlins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since glacial mass is affected by long-term climatic changes, e.g., precipitation, mean temperature, and cloud cover, glacial mass changes are considered among the most sensitive indicators of climate change and are a major source of variations in sea level."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by thermal state",
"text": "Thermally, a temperate glacier is at melting point throughout the year, from its surface to its base."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Fracture zone and cracks",
"text": "Crevasses form because of differences in glacier velocity."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion",
"text": "As it became clear that glaciers behaved to some degree as if the ice were a viscous fluid, it was argued that \"regelation\", or the melting and refreezing of ice at a temperature lowered by the pressure on the ice inside the glacier, was what allowed the ice to deform and flow."
},
{
"section_header": "Motion | Speed",
"text": "Temporary rates up to 90 m (300 ft) per day have occurred when increased temperature or overlying pressure caused bottom ice to melt and water to accumulate beneath a glacier."
},
{
"section_header": "Types | Classification by thermal state",
"text": "Glaciers which are partly cold-based and partly warm-based are known as polythermal."
}
] |
Glaciers can differ in temperature from one another, but one glacier mass is the same temperature throughout.
| 1 | 1 |
Glacier
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ernesto Guevara was born to Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna y Llosa, on 14 June 1928, in Rosario, Argentina."
}
] |
xfaiSXPYoHnnqpNyBMHS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Guatemala, Árbenz, and United Fruit",
"text": "Guevara then established contact with a group of Cuban exiles linked to Fidel Castro through the 26 July 1953 attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-execution and memorial",
"text": "Rallies in support of Guevara were held from \"Mexico to Santiago, Algiers to Angola, and Cairo to Calcutta\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ernesto Guevara was born to Ernesto Guevara Lynch and Celia de la Serna y Llosa, on 14 June 1928, in Rosario, Argentina."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | Invasion, warfare, and Santa Clara",
"text": "On 2 June 1959, he married Aleida March, a Cuban-born member of 26 July movement with whom he had been living since late 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Bolivia",
"text": "The Argentine-born East German operative Haydée Tamara Bunke Bider, better known by her nom de guerre \"Tania\", had been installed as Che's primary agent in La Paz."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-execution and memorial",
"text": "They were later sent to Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "Cuban Revolution | La Cabaña, land reform, and literacy",
"text": "Guevara states unequivocally: \"The executions by firing squads are not only a necessity for the people of Cuba, but also an imposition of the people.\"Along"
},
{
"section_header": "Mexico City and preparation",
"text": "Guevara then married Gadea in Mexico in September 1955, before embarking on his plan to assist in the liberation of Cuba."
},
{
"section_header": "International diplomacy | Algiers, the Soviets, and China",
"text": "Two weeks after his Algiers speech and his return to Cuba, Guevara dropped out of public life and then vanished altogether."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-execution and memorial",
"text": "In the view of military historian Erik Durschmied: \"In those heady months of 1968, Che Guevara was not dead."
}
] |
Che Guevara was born in Santiago, Cuba.
| 3 | 4 |
Che Guevara
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Germinal is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart."
}
] |
xfyHiWtcYRej5AfYWDPW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was first serialized between November 1884 and February 1885 in the periodical Gil Blas, then in March 1885 published as a book."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "Since then the book has come to symbolize working class causes and to this day retains a special place in French mining-town folklore."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Germinal is the thirteenth novel in Émile Zola's twenty-volume series Les Rougon-Macquart."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "Les Enfants de Germinal. (The children of Germinal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "At his funeral crowds of workers gathered, cheering the cortège with shouts of \"Germinal! Germinal!\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The title, Germinal, is drawn from the springtime seventh month of the French Revolutionary Calendar and is meant to evoke imagery of germination, new growth and fertility."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Men were springing forth, a black avenging army, germinating slowly in the furrows, growing towards the harvests of the next century, and their germination would soon overturn the earth."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Germinal was written between April 1884 and January 1885."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "The creators ZA/UM have cited Germinal as a source of major inspiration."
},
{
"section_header": "Tributes",
"text": "KFC Germinal Ekeren, a Belgian football club took its name after the novel."
}
] |
Germinal is the 13th book in a 20 book series.
| 0 | 0 |
Germinal (novel)
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As an adult, Ruth admitted that as a youth he had been running the streets and rarely attending school, as well as drinking beer when his father was not looking."
}
] |
xgV1AbXBdpxW5xrFMbLq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As an adult, Ruth admitted that as a youth he had been running the streets and rarely attending school, as well as drinking beer when his father was not looking."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | Murderers' Row (1926–1928)",
"text": "Ruth promised the child that he would hit a home run on his behalf."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "As a child, Ruth spoke German."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Only one of young Ruth's seven siblings, his younger sister Mamie, survived infancy."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He would visit orphanages, schools, and hospitals throughout his life, often avoiding publicity."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In her book, My Dad, the Babe, Dorothy claimed that she was Ruth's biological child by a mistress named Juanita Jennings."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Some accounts say that following a violent incident at his father's saloon, the city authorities decided that this environment was unsuitable for a small child."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "When Ruth was a toddler, the family moved to 339 South Woodyear Street, not far from the rail yards; by the time he was six years old, his father had a saloon with an upstairs apartment at 426 West Camden Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "the young pitcher had a habit of signaling his intent to throw a curveball by sticking out his tongue slightly, and that he was easy to hit until this changed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "The food was simple, and the Xaverian Brothers who ran the school insisted on strict discipline; corporal punishment was common."
}
] |
Babe Ruth said that as a young child, he had been running the streets and was skipping school.
| 1 | 1 |
Babe Ruth
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel is a 2014 comedy-drama film written and directed by Wes Anderson, which explores tragedy, war, fascism, nostalgia, friendship, and loyalty."
}
] |
xgVlWUFMdjnVUzohDuRw
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Set design",
"text": "\"Pastries are an important motif in The Grand Budapest Hotel story."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel ensemble comprised mostly bit cameos."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "Saoirse Ronan joined The Grand Budapest Hotel in November 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel was considered a surprise box office success."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In Paris, The Grand Budapest Hotel screenings were the weekend's biggest numbers."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "A seventeen-actor ensemble received star billing in The Grand Budapest Hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel appeared on several critics' top-ten lists."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In 1932, Zero is the newly hired lobby boy at the prestigious Grand Budapest Hotel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel ended its North American run on February 26, 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel was not an immediate favorite to dominate the 87th Academy Awards season."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Grand Budapest Hotel is a 2014 comedy-drama film written and directed by Wes Anderson, which explores tragedy, war, fascism, nostalgia, friendship, and loyalty."
}
] |
The Grand Budapest Hotel is a horror movie.
| 0 | 2 |
The Grand Budapest Hotel
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The Canadian music industry is the sixth-largest in the world producing internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles."
}
] |
xgYKroJzDxBi8LS81aqn
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Music broadcasting in the country is regulated by the CRTC."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The Canadian music industry is the sixth-largest in the world producing internationally renowned composers, musicians and ensembles."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding the Canadian Confederation by over 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "The Canadian Music Hall of Fame established in 1976 honours Canadian musicians for their lifetime achievements."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Calixa Lavallée wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "However, Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of its primary sector, in which the forestry and petroleum industries are two of the most prominent components."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early 20th century",
"text": "The Canadian economy boomed during the war as its industries manufactured military materiel for Canada, Britain, China, and the Soviet Union."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics",
"text": "In addition, the minister of finance and minister of industry utilize the Statistics Canada agency for financial planning and economic policy development."
}
] |
Canada is the 7th largest worldwide in the industry of music and broadcasting is regulated by the CRTC.
| 1 | 5 |
Canada
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craig Alan Biggio (; born December 14, 1965) is an American former second baseman, outfielder and catcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career from 1988 through 2007 for the Houston Astros."
}
] |
xgfjMqtOFc6xMtoswTmo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | College career",
"text": "In 1986, he played collegiate summer baseball in the Cape Cod Baseball League for the Yarmouth-Dennis Red Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and highlights | Other distinctions",
"text": "The only other player to accomplish this is fellow Hall of Famer Tris Speaker for the Boston Red Sox in 1912."
},
{
"section_header": "Number retirement",
"text": "On May 23, 2008, during a pre-game ceremony, Biggio received an award for MLB.com's This Year in Baseball 2007 Moment of the Year award for his 3,000th hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Craig Alan Biggio (; born December 14, 1965) is an American former second baseman, outfielder and catcher in Major League Baseball who played his entire career from 1988 through 2007 for the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in the community",
"text": "During 2007 spring training, MLB informed Biggio that he would no longer be allowed to wear the small yellow sun on his cap during interviews, photo shoots, or spring training."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Late career: Return to second base and milestones | World Series appearance (2005)",
"text": "After having played 4,714 games and their entire major league careers together in Houston, Biggio and Bagwell appeared in their first World Series in 2005 against the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Work in the community",
"text": "Part of the reason Biggio was given the award was for his multiple position changes, but also because of his work in the community and inspiring other teammates to participate as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Post-retirement",
"text": "Craig Biggio has been a special assistant to the general manager since 2008."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early career: Conversion from catcher to second base | Shift to second base",
"text": "If a catcher changes positions, it is usually to first base, or occasionally to outfield or third base."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and highlights | Other distinctions",
"text": "Hit for the cycle against the Colorado Rockies, the sixth in Astros history (April 8, 2002) Craig, alongside his son, Cavan (who hit for the cycle for the Toronto Blue Jays on September 17, 2019), join Gary Ward and his son Daryle as only the second father and son duo to hit for the cycle in MLB history."
}
] |
Craig Alan Biggio played 3 positions during his 17 year tenure with the Red Sox.
| 0 | 1 |
Craig Biggio
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
}
] |
xiwkJJHKyBQXh98jbXYr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" During the 1884 season, Radbourn won 60 games, setting an MLB single-season record that has never been broken, or even seriously approached."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Gardner Radbourn (December 11, 1854 – February 5, 1897), nicknamed \"Old Hoss\", was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1881–1883 seasons",
"text": "Radbourn pitched 325.1 innings and compiled a win-loss record of 25-11."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He spent the next four seasons with the club, spent one year with the Boston franchise of the single-season Players' League, and finished his MLB career with Cincinnati."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season | Statistical notes",
"text": "Radbourn came in to relieve, and pitched shutout ball over the final four innings, while the Grays went on to score four more and win the game, 11–4."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1885 season",
"text": "In 1885, he pitched 445.2 innings and went 28-21."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season | Statistical notes",
"text": "However, under modern scoring rules, Miller would get the win, being the \"pitcher of record\" when he left the game, and Radbourn would have been credited with a save for closing the game and \"pitching effectively for three or more innings\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1884 season",
"text": "Radbourn finished the season with a league-leading 678.2 innings pitched and 73 complete games, and he won the Triple Crown with a record of 60-12, a 1.38 earned run average, and 441 strikeouts."
},
{
"section_header": "Providence Grays | 1881–1883 seasons",
"text": "In 1883, he pitched 632.1 innings and led the league in wins, going 48-25."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the regular season, he helped the Grays win the 1884 World Series, pitching every inning of the three games."
}
] |
Radbourn was sometimes referred to as "Big Boss" in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Charles Radbourn
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea."
}
] |
xj0j9s5ViL6ty5LQ3ifU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Life properties",
"text": "Scientific opinions differ on whether viruses are a form of life, or organic structures that interact with living organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Life properties",
"text": "Accepted forms of life use cell division to reproduce, whereas viruses spontaneously assemble within cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Applications | Life sciences and medicine | Virotherapy",
"text": "When this virus infects cancer cells, it destroys them and in doing so the presence the GM-CSF gene attracts dendritic cells from the surrounding tissues of the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Archaeal viruses",
"text": "Most archaea have CRISPR–Cas systems as an adaptive defence against viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Microbiology | Structure | Giant viruses",
"text": "Some viruses that infect Archaea have complex structures unrelated to any other form of virus, with a wide variety of unusual shapes, ranging from spindle-shaped structures to viruses that resemble hooked rods, teardrops or even bottles."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Archaeal viruses",
"text": "These viruses have been studied in most detail in the thermophilic archaea, particularly the orders Sulfolobales and Thermoproteales."
},
{
"section_header": "Role in human disease | Epidemics and pandemics",
"text": "With the exception of smallpox, most pandemics are caused by newly evolved viruses."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species | Archaeal viruses",
"text": "Some viruses replicate within archaea: these are double-stranded DNA viruses with unusual and sometimes unique shapes."
},
{
"section_header": "Infection in other species",
"text": "Viruses infect all cellular life and, although viruses occur universally, each cellular species has its own specific range that often infect only that species."
}
] |
Viruses can infect all kinds of life forms except archaea which do not get virses.
| 3 | 4 |
Virus
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other media appearances",
"text": "He appeared in Blues Brothers 2000 as one of the Louisiana Gator Boys."
}
] |
xj7KBpgxnfZoPBcGK5QX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clapton ranked second in Rolling Stone's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and fourth in Gibson's \"Top 50 Guitarists of All Time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He ranked second in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the \"100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\" and fourth in Gibson's Top 50 Guitarists of All Time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Clapton has been referred to as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media appearances",
"text": "He appeared in Blues Brothers 2000 as one of the Louisiana Gator Boys."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Collaboration albums",
"text": "In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked Clapton No. 53 on their list of the \"100 Greatest Artists of All Time\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media appearances",
"text": "He was introduced by Top Gear host Jeremy Clarkson as a \"local guitarist\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eric Patrick Clapton, (born 30 March 1945) is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Clapton, Old Sock and I Still Do",
"text": "On 25 June 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Eric Clapton among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early career, breakthrough, and international success | The Yardbirds and the Bluesbreakers",
"text": ", Clapton forged a distinctive style and rapidly became one of the most talked-about guitarists in the British music scene."
}
] |
Eric Clapton did not appear in the Blues Brothers despite being asked because he is one of the greatest guitarist of all time according to Rollingstone who listed him as one of the Top Guitarist of All Time.
| 0 | 0 |
Eric Clapton
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Near the end of Frick's term as commissioner, he purchased a second home in Broadmoor, Colorado, though he maintained his primary residence in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his stint as a baseball player, Frick lived in Colorado Springs."
}
] |
xjLveZLLPfDsHGhnTVcr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick was also a broadcaster for WOR in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick moonlighted for The Gazette, covering sports and news until he left to work for the War Department near the conclusion of World War I. When the war was over, Frick worked in Denver for the Rocky Mountain News."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After working as a teacher and as a sportswriter for the New York American, he served as public relations director of the National League (NL), then as the league's president from 1934 to 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball Commissioner",
"text": "Frick decided to relocate the office from Cincinnati to New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Near the end of Frick's term as commissioner, he purchased a second home in Broadmoor, Colorado, though he maintained his primary residence in New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The recognition from the flood helped Frick get a position with the New York American in 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Frick died on April 8, 1978 at a hospital in Bronxville, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "NL President",
"text": "In the late 1930s, Frick played a central role in establishing the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Frick went to Colorado to play semipro baseball in Walsenburg."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After his stint as a baseball player, Frick lived in Colorado Springs."
}
] |
Frick worked in Colorado and New York.
| 0 | 0 |
Ford Frick
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Yount met his wife Michele at Taft High School and they have been married since 1979.Yount's brother Larry was a pitcher and was briefly called up to play in the major leagues."
}
] |
xjwYHmLj5mVKwuoBFnnL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Robin R. Yount (; nicknamed,\"The Kid\", and \"Rockin' Robin\", born September 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Yount met his wife Michele at Taft High School and they have been married since 1979.Yount's brother Larry was a pitcher and was briefly called up to play in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Yount's son Dustin played baseball in the minor leagues for several years."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Yount's nephew Austin Yount played professional baseball for the Dodgers organization."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Since his retirement as a player, he has held several roles as a baseball coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "He was an early proponent of weight training – then uncommon in baseball – and by 1980 Yount's power hitting had improved, particularly for a shortstop."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Robin attended William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career",
"text": "Yount collected more hits (1731) in the decade of the 1980s than any other player."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Yount's demands were met; when he returned to the team, Molitor was moved from shortstop to second base to make room for Yount."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Early years",
"text": "Early in the season, Paul Molitor was called up from the Brewers Class A affiliate to the major league team because of Yount's absence."
}
] |
Robin Yount's brother was also a baseball player and played as a pitcher.
| 2 | 3 |
Robin Yount
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Towers was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy."
}
] |
xk4dKWhx8v7iXgnK717Q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers is a 2002 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the second volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The screenwriters did not originally script The Two Towers as its own film: instead, parts of it were the conclusion to The Fellowship of the Ring, the first of two planned films under Miramax."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison to the source material",
"text": "The Two Towers was the most difficult of the Rings films to make, having neither a clear beginning nor end to focus the script."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Principal photography",
"text": "The Two Towers shared principal photography with The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Towers is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Score",
"text": "The musical score for The Two Towers was composed, orchestrated, and conducted by Howard Shore, who also composed the music for the other two films in the series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the second instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne, Fran Walsh and Jackson, and written by Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Stephen Sinclair and Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Blu-ray editionThe theatrical Blu-ray version of The Lord of the Rings was released in the United States in April 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Like the other films in the series, The Two Towers has an ensemble cast, and the cast and their respective characters include: Elijah Wood as Frodo Baggins: A young hobbit sent on a quest to destroy the One Ring, the burden of which is becoming heavier."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It made $62 million in its opening weekend in the US and Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Two Towers was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers was filmed in Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Silent film adaptations of the novel were produced in 1910, in 1913, and in 1916."
}
] |
xkJjnIQNkBEUcdZoEMIr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "In 1959 an Italian television series The Vicar of Wakefield was broadcast."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "The novel was The Vicar of Wakefield, and Johnson had sold it to Francis Newbery, a nephew of John."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Silent film adaptations of the novel were produced in 1910, in 1913, and in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Among these he announced to us the Vicar of Wakefield as an excellent work, with a German translation of which he would make us acquainted by reading it aloud to us himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "He planned to marry her in a mock ceremony and leave her then shortly after, as he had done with several women before."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In literary history books, The Vicar of Wakefield is often described as a sentimental novel, which displays the belief in the innate goodness of human beings."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Also, references are made to the squire's uncle Sir William Thornhill, who is known throughout the country for his worthiness and generosity."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vicar of Wakefield – subtitled A Tale, Supposed to be written by Himself – is a novel by Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774)."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Dr. Samuel Johnson, one of Goldsmith's closest friends, told how The Vicar of Wakefield came to be sold for publication: I received one morning a message from poor Goldsmith that he was in great distress, and, as it was not in his power to come to me, begging that I would come to him as soon as possible."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "As the vicar cannot pay, he is brought to prison."
}
] |
Several films inspired from The Vicar of Wakefield were made.
| 2 | 3 |
The Vicar of Wakefield
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the sequel to Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) and the 23rd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)."
}
] |
xkRbmiK5xkzwbJex9y9F
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Lloyd felt comfortable working within the aesthetic of the MCU after acting as director of photography on the first season of the MCU television series Daredevil and the miniseries The Defenders, as well as working on additional photography for the films Thor: Ragnarok (2017) and Captain Marvel (2019)."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on digital on September 17, 2019, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray and DVD on October 1."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Post-production",
"text": "Post-production for Spider-Man: Far From Home was completed in June 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Far From Home was projected to gross around $350 million worldwide by the end of its first week of release, and about $500 million over its first 10 days."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "Holland and Gyllenhaal debuted the first trailer for Far From Home at Sony's CCXP Brazil panel on December 8, 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home had its world premiere at the TCL Chinese Theatre in Hollywood on June 26, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "In December, after the successful release of the first Homecoming trailer, Sony slated a sequel to the film for July 5, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing",
"text": "The second trailer was viewed 135 million times in 24 hours, surpassing the first Far From Home trailer as the most viewed Sony Pictures trailer in that time period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home premiered at the TCL Chinese Theatre on June 26, 2019, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 2, as the last film in Phase Three of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Far From Home ended up grossing $580.1 million worldwide over its first 10 days of release, including $238 million from international territories in its opening weekend."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Spider-Man: Far From Home is a 2019 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, co-produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Studios, and distributed by Sony Pictures Releasing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the sequel to Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017) and the 23rd film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)."
}
] |
The 2019 film Spider-Man: Far From Home is the first in the series.
| 0 | 0 |
Spider-Man: Far From Home
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many literary critics consider The Great Gatsby to be one of the greatest novels ever written."
}
] |
xkltOByK1zpAgyiqXHxQ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many literary critics consider The Great Gatsby to be one of the greatest novels ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title of the \"Great American Novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Cover art",
"text": "The cover was completed before the novel, and Fitzgerald was so enamored with it that he told his publisher he had \"written it into\" the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Wolfsheim appears only twice in the novel, the second time refusing to attend Gatsby's funeral."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "Hindus argued that the Jewish stereotypes displayed by Wolfsheim were typical of the time period in which the novel was written and set, and that its anti-Semitism was of the \"habitual, customary, 'harmless,' unpolitical variety."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "The Great Gatsby received mixed reviews from literary critics of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "By mid-1923, Fitzgerald had written 18,000 words for his novel, but discarded most of his new story as a false start."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "These figures were all considered to be \"new money,\" unlike those who came from Manhasset Neck or Cow Neck Peninsula—places that were home to many of New York's wealthiest established families, and which sat across the bay from Great Neck."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "\" Fitzgerald had hoped the novel would be a great commercial success, perhaps selling as many as 75,000 copies."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival and reassessment",
"text": "\" This revival was paved by interest shown by literary critic Edmund Wilson, who was Fitzgerald's friend."
}
] |
It has been considered by many literary critics as the second greatest novel ever written.
| 0 | 4 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
}
] |
xlhdY8VabaLXpeGt3WzK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "Nirvāṇa is a term found in the texts of all major Indian religions – Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "This term is found in texts such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Nirvana Upanishad, likely composed in the post-Buddha era."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "It was later adopted by other Indian religions, but with different meanings and description (Moksha), such as in the Hindu text Bhagavad Gita of the Mahabharata."
},
{
"section_header": "Hinduism",
"text": "The most ancient texts of Hinduism such as the Vedas and early Upanishads don't mention the soteriological term Nirvana."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "Nirvana appears in Sikh texts as the term Nirban."
},
{
"section_header": "Jainism",
"text": "The terms moksa and nirvana are often used interchangeably in the Jain texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins",
"text": "The liberation from Saṃsāra developed as an ultimate goal and soteriological value in the Indian culture, and called by different terms such as nirvana, moksha, mukti and kaivalya."
},
{
"section_header": "Sikhism",
"text": "The concept of liberation as \"extinction of suffering\", along with the idea of sansara as the \"cycle of rebirth\" is also part of Sikhism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pali: निब्बान nibbāna; Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa, literally \"blown out\", as in an oil lamp) is commonly associated with Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, Buddhist and non-Buddhist traditions describe these terms for liberation differently."
}
] |
The term is found in the texts of different religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism and Sikhism.
| 2 | 3 |
Nirvana
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Texas Rangers (on two different tours, comprising the majority of his career), Florida Marlins, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, Houston Astros and Washington Nationals."
}
] |
xlqNdqIT6zKrdYgIXGC5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Iván Rodríguez Torres (born November 27, 1971), nicknamed \"Pudge\", is a former Major League Baseball catcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Washington Nationals",
"text": "In this debut, Strasburg struck out 14 batters and walked none over seven complete innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "Even though he was injured, he was still named to the second-team of Baseball America's Major League Baseball All-Star Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "On October 26, 2005, Major League Baseball named him the catcher on their Latino Legends Team."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Florida Marlins",
"text": "By then a major-league veteran of over a decade, he helped lead the young team to victory in the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "He was selected to the Major League Baseball All-Star team that played a series in Japan against the Japanese all-stars after the season was over."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "Rodríguez was third on the team in doubles, home runs, and stolen bases, and fourth in runs batted in."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Return to Puerto Rican League",
"text": "Upon leaving the team on vacation, Rodríguez noted that his intention was to return to action if the Criollos advanced to the playoffs."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Texas Rangers",
"text": "In the 1997 season, Rodríguez also placed first among catchers in many categories in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "In 2007, Rodríguez walked in only 1.8 percent of his plate appearances, the lowest percentage in the major leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played for the Texas Rangers (on two different tours, comprising the majority of his career), Florida Marlins, Detroit Tigers, New York Yankees, Houston Astros and Washington Nationals."
}
] |
Iván Rodríguez played in the Majors for multiple teams.
| 2 | 6 |
Iván Rodríguez
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "\"Differing opinions of the statue and its placement led to a relocation to the sidewalk outside the Spectrum Arena, although the statue was temporarily returned to the top of the steps in 1990 for Rocky V, and again in 2006 for the 30th anniversary of the original Rocky (although this time it was placed at the bottom of the steps)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "Later that year, it was permanently moved to a spot next to the steps."
}
] |
xmFooI6mjEeUdDii849x
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "The famous scene of Rocky running up the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art has become a cultural icon, with the steps acquiring the vernacular title of \"Rocky Steps\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "During the 1996 Summer Olympics torch relay, Philadelphia native Dawn Staley was chosen to run up the museum steps."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "Some of the plot's most memorable moments—Rocky's carcass-punching scenes and Rocky running up the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, as part of his training regimen—are taken from the real-life exploits of Joe Frazier, for which he received no credit."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "In 1982, a statue of Rocky, commissioned by Stallone for Rocky III, was placed at the top of the Rocky Steps."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "In the fourth-season finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, as the credits roll at the end of the episode, Will is seen running up the same steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art; however, as he celebrates after finishing his climb, he passes out in exhaustion, and while he lies unconscious on the ground, a pickpocket steals his wallet and his wool hat."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Inventor/operator Garrett Brown's new Steadicam was used to accomplish smooth photography while running alongside Rocky during the film's Philadelphia street jogging/training sequences and the run up the Art Museum's flight of stairs, now colloquially known as the Rocky Steps."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "Later that year, it was permanently moved to a spot next to the steps."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "\"Differing opinions of the statue and its placement led to a relocation to the sidewalk outside the Spectrum Arena, although the statue was temporarily returned to the top of the steps in 1990 for Rocky V, and again in 2006 for the 30th anniversary of the original Rocky (although this time it was placed at the bottom of the steps)."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "In The Nutty Professor, there is a scene where Sherman Klump (Eddie Murphy) struggles to and eventually succeeds at running up a lengthy flight of steps on his college campus, victoriously throwing punches at the top."
},
{
"section_header": "Other media | Rocky Steps",
"text": "In the 2008 movie You Don't Mess with the Zohan, Zohan's nemesis, Phantom, goes through a parodied training sequence finishing with him running up a desert dune and raising his hands in victory."
}
] |
A statue of Rocky running up the steps of the Philadelphia Museum of Art was permanently installed in 1982.
| 0 | 0 |
Rocky
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Jin, or \"Forbidden\", referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor's permission."
}
] |
xmNx8VBA3SwpFI5TB5GC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The common English name \"Forbidden City\" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijin Cheng (Chinese: 紫禁城; pinyin: Zǐjìnchéng; lit.: 'Purple Forbidden City')."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Jin, or \"Forbidden\", referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor's permission."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Another English name of similar origin is \"Forbidden Palace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The name \"Zijin Cheng\" is a name with significance on many levels."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The Forbidden City, as the residence of the terrestrial emperor, was its earthly counterpart."
},
{
"section_header": "Collections",
"text": "Of these, the largest portion come from Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "The name Zijin Cheng first formally appeared in 1576."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "When Hongwu Emperor's son Zhu Di became the Yongle Emperor, he moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, and construction began in 1406 on what would become the Forbidden City."
},
{
"section_header": "Name",
"text": "Cheng means a city. Today, the site is most commonly known in Chinese as Gùgōng (故宫), which means the \"Former Palace\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure | Inner Court or the Northern Section | Back Three Palaces",
"text": "The Palace of Heavenly Purity then became the Emperor's audience hall."
}
] |
The Forbidden City got its name from only those at the emperor's behest could come into it or vacate it.
| 1 | 2 |
Forbidden City
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "Italy would also later win the gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics with a 2–1 victory in extra time in the gold medal match over Austria on 15 August 1936.After declining to participate in the inaugural World Cup (1930, in Uruguay) the Italy national team won two consecutive editions of the tournament in 1934 and 1938, under the direction of coach Vittorio Pozzo and the performance of Giuseppe Meazza, who is considered one of the best Italian football players of all time by some."
}
] |
xmRuXtKEAH99ygZspqfm
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "Italy hosted the 1934 World Cup, and played their first ever World Cup match in a 7–1 win over the United States in Rome."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2016–present: Failure to qualify for 2018 World Cup and resurgence",
"text": "Italy were then required to go through the play-off against Sweden."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "Italy defeated Czechoslovakia 2–1 in extra time in the final in Rome, with goals by Raimundo Orsi and Angelo Schiavio to achieve their first World cup title in 1934."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1994: World Cup runners-up",
"text": "Italy played nearly all of their matches in Rome and did not concede a single goal in their first five matches, however, Italy lost in the semi-final to defending champion Argentina in Naples, losing 4–3 on penalty kicks following a 1–1 draw after extra time."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "Italy defeated France by a score of 6–2, with Italy's first goal scored by Pietro Lana."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1994: World Cup runners-up",
"text": "In the final, which took place in Los Angeles's Rose Bowl stadium 2,700 miles (4,320 km) and three time zones away from the Atlantic Northeast part of the United States where they had played all their previous matches, Italy, who had 24 hours less rest than Brazil, played 120 minutes of scoreless football, taking the match to a penalty shootout, the first time a World Cup final was settled in a penalty shootout."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "The Italian team played with a (2–3–5) system and consisted of: De Simoni; Varisco, Calì; Trerè, Fossati, Capello; Debernardi, Rizzi, Cevenini I, Lana, Boiocchi."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2006–2010: Post World Cup and Lippi's second term",
"text": "Italy played in the 2008 UEFA European Football Championship qualifying Group B, along with France."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "In the 1927–30 and 1933–35 Central European International Cup, Italy achieved the first place out of five Central European teams, topping the group with 11 points in both editions of the tournament."
},
{
"section_header": "Rivalries",
"text": "Croatia has not lost against Italy, with most of the fixtures played in qualifications and at tournaments."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1910–1938: Origins and first two World Cups",
"text": "Italy would also later win the gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics with a 2–1 victory in extra time in the gold medal match over Austria on 15 August 1936.After declining to participate in the inaugural World Cup (1930, in Uruguay) the Italy national team won two consecutive editions of the tournament in 1934 and 1938, under the direction of coach Vittorio Pozzo and the performance of Giuseppe Meazza, who is considered one of the best Italian football players of all time by some."
}
] |
Italy was not interested in playing in the first World Cup.
| 0 | 1 |
Italy national football team
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
}
] |
xnEm2jAgcqX997dsTVus
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "Two Hollywood film versions of The Glass Menagerie have been produced."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie is a memory play by Tennessee Williams that premiered in 1944 and catapulted Williams from obscurity to fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "With the success of The Glass Menagerie, Williams was to give half of the royalties from the play to his mother."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie was Williams' first successful play; he went on to become one of America's most highly regarded playwrights."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie has had several Broadway revivals."
},
{
"section_header": "Autobiographical elements",
"text": "Williams gave credit to two Chicago critics, Claudia Cassidy and Ashton Stevens, for \"giving him a 'start...in a fashion'... \" Cassidy wrote that the play had \"the stamina of success ... \" Stevens wrote that the play had \"the courage of true poetry ...\" The characters and story mimic Williams' own life more closely than any of his other works."
},
{
"section_header": "Original Broadway cast",
"text": "The Glass Menagerie opened on Broadway in the Playhouse Theatre on March 31, 1945, and played there until June 29, 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "The play had not found an audience and production was being considered for closing after the opening night in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Later stage productions",
"text": "In October 2016, it was announced that The Glass Menagerie would be returning to the West End, opening in February 2017 at the Duke of York's Theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "Rose died in 1996. The play was reworked from one of Williams' short stories \"Portrait of a Girl in Glass\" (1943; published 1948)."
}
] |
The play by Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie, which would later be made into two Hollywood films, was not successful.
| 1 | 4 |
The Glass Menagerie
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Composition | Dedication",
"text": "The poem is dedicated to Elizabeth I who is represented in the poem as the Faerie Queene Gloriana, as well as the character Belphoebe."
}
] |
xnPsL1YLER45UWreHdNJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Faerie Queene is an English epic poem by Edmund Spenser."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Dedication",
"text": "The poem is dedicated to Elizabeth I who is represented in the poem as the Faerie Queene Gloriana, as well as the character Belphoebe."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Spenser's intentions",
"text": "The Faerie Queene was written for Elizabeth to read and was dedicated to her."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Roche, Thomas P., Jr (1984), \"Editorial Apparatus\", The Faerie Queene, by Spenser, Edmund, Penguin Books,"
},
{
"section_header": "References in popular culture",
"text": "In the final scene, Queen Elizabeth II, portrayed by Claire Foy, is being photographed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Faerie Queene is notable for its form: it is one of the longest poems in the English language as well as the work in which Spenser invented the verse form known as the Spenserian stanza."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The poem was a clear effort to gain court favour, and as a reward Elizabeth granted Spenser a pension for life amounting to £50 a year, though there is no further evidence that Elizabeth I ever read any of the poem."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Dedication",
"text": "Spenser prefaces the poem with sonnets additionally dedicated to Sir Christopher Hatton, Lord Burleigh, the Earl of Oxford, the Earl of Northumberland, the Earl of Cumberland, the Earl of Essex, the Earl of Ormond and Ossory, High Admiral Charles Howard, Lord Hunsdon, Lord Grey of Wilton, Lord Buckhurst, Sir Francis Walsingham, Sir John Norris, Sir Walter Raleigh, the Countess of Pembroke (on the subject of her brother Sir Philip Sidney), and Lady Carew."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Spenser's \"Letter of the Authors\", he states that the entire epic poem is \"cloudily enwrapped in Allegorical devices\", and the aim of publishing The Faerie Queene was to \"fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous and gentle"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "discipline\". Spenser presented the first three books of The Faerie Queene to Elizabeth I in 1589, probably sponsored by Sir Walter Raleigh."
}
] |
The English epic poem "The Faerie Queene" by Edmund Spenser is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth II.
| 0 | 0 |
The Faerie Queene
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Genoa ( JEN-oh-ə; Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] (listen); Ligurian: Zêna [ˈzeːna]; English, historically, and Latin: Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy."
}
] |
xnTsBRnp62mX3AKNAU9q
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Buildings and palaces",
"text": "Outside the city walls is Christopher Columbus House, where Christopher Columbus is said to have lived as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the birthplace of Guglielmo Embriaco, Christopher Columbus, Andrea Doria, Niccolò Paganini, Giuseppe Mazzini, Renzo Piano and Grimaldo Canella, founder of the House of Grimaldi, among others."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "On the occasion of the Christopher Columbus celebration in 1992, new musical life was given to the area around the old port, including the restoration of the house of Paganini and presentations of the trallalero, the traditional singing of Genoese dock workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | People",
"text": "Famous Genoese include Sinibaldo and Ottobuono Fieschi (Popes Innocent IV and Adrian V), Giovanni Battista Cybo (Pope Innocent VIII) and Giacomo della Chiesa (Pope Benedict XV), navigators Christopher Columbus, Antonio de Noli,"
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Churches",
"text": "The city was the birthplace of several popes (Innocent IV, Adrian V, Innocent VIII, and Benedict XV) and various saints (Syrus of Genoa, Romulus of Genoa, Catherine of Genoa, and Virginia Centurione Bracelli)."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "The main destinations for the cargo-passenger traffic are Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Barcelona, and the Canary Islands."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Genoa is the birthplace of the composer Simone Molinaro, violinist and composer Niccolò Paganini, violinist Camillo Sivori and composer Cesare Pugni."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Music",
"text": "Genoa is also the birthplace of the condcuctor Fabio Luisi and of many opera singers like Giuseppe Taddei, Margherita Carosio, Luciana Serra, and Daniela Dessì."
},
{
"section_header": "Cityscape | Main sights",
"text": "The total restoration of Doge's Palace and of the Old Harbour, and the rebuilding of Teatro Carlo Felice, destroyed by bombing in the Second World War, were two more points of strength for the realisation of a new Genoa."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Literature",
"text": "The city has been the birthplace of the historian Caffaro di Rustico da Caschifellone, of the poet \"Martin Piaggio\", of the famous historian, philosopher and journalist Giuseppe Mazzini, of the writer Piero Jahier, of the poet Nobel Prize Eugenio Montale."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Genoa ( JEN-oh-ə; Italian: Genova [ˈdʒɛːnova] (listen); Ligurian: Zêna [ˈzeːna]; English, historically, and Latin: Genua) is the capital of the Italian region of Liguria and the sixth-largest city in Italy."
}
] |
Genoa is the second biggest city in Sicily and the birthplace of Christopher Columbus.
| 0 | 0 |
Genoa
|
Literature
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Classified as both gothic fiction and a ghost story, the novella focuses on a governess who, caring for two children at a remote estate, becomes convinced that the grounds are haunted."
}
] |
xnvagizgBP3LJdOUIg2i
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REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The imagery of The Turn of the Screw is reminiscent of gothic fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Classified as both gothic fiction and a ghost story, the novella focuses on a governess who, caring for two children at a remote estate, becomes convinced that the grounds are haunted."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "Wilson eventually recanted his opinion after considering the governess's point-by-point description of Quint."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw has also influenced television."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Henry James's Legacy: The Afterlife of His Figure and Fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "James's The Turn of the Screw: A Readers Guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The framing introduction and subsequent first-person narrative by the governess have been studied by theorists of fiction interested in the power of fictional narratives to convince or even manipulate readers."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "Haunting and Spectrality in Neo-Victorian Fiction: Possessing the Past."
},
{
"section_header": "Literary significance and criticism",
"text": "According to Leithauser, the reader is meant to entertain both the proposition that the governess is mad and the proposition that the ghosts really do exist, and consider the dreadful implications of each."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "Young adult novels inspired by The Turn of the Screw include The Turning (2012) by Francine Prose and Tighter (2011) by Adele Griffin."
}
] |
The Turn of the Screw was considered only gothic fiction.
| 2 | 10 |
The Turn of the Screw
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performance in the English language",
"text": "The production used a real skene building whose roof was the landing and dance platform for the Chorus of Oceanids."
}
] |
xoUDn37JcDYHhggu5ft1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Performance in the English language",
"text": "In April 2015 MacMillan Films, in the United States, staged Prometheus Bound for camera using Peter Arnott's translation with James Thomas directing, Tanya Rodina as Io, and Casey McIntyre as the Chorus Leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence",
"text": "Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote a play, Prometheus Unbound, which used some of the materials of the play as a vehicle for Shelley's own vision."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Increasingly, arguments for and against the attribution to Aeschylus have been based on metrical-stylistic grounds: the play's diction, the use of so-called Eigenwoerter, the use of recitative anapests in the meter, etc."
},
{
"section_header": "Prometheus Trilogy",
"text": "There is evidence that Prometheus Bound was the first play in a trilogy conventionally called the Prometheia, but the other two plays, Prometheus Unbound and Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, survive only in fragments."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and influence",
"text": "Prometheus Bound enjoyed a measure of popularity in antiquity."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Using such criteria in 1977, Mark Griffith made a case against the attribution."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance in the English language",
"text": "The production used a real skene building whose roof was the landing and dance platform for the Chorus of Oceanids."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound was the first work in a trilogy that also included the plays Prometheus Lyomenos (Prometheus Unbound) and Prometheus Pyrphoros (Prometheus the Fire-Bearer), neither of which has survived."
},
{
"section_header": "Debate over authenticity",
"text": "Scholars at the Great Library of Alexandria unanimously deemed Aeschylus to be the author of Prometheus Bound."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prometheus Bound (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεὺς Δεσμώτης, Promētheús Desmṓtēs) is an Ancient Greek tragedy."
}
] |
A structure was used to produce Prometheus Bound.
| 1 | 7 |
Prometheus Bound
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and evolution",
"text": "The first rail delivery between Liverpool and Manchester took place on 11 November 1830."
}
] |
xonhpXZGqDcbo0pc8K3T
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and evolution",
"text": "The development of railways in the 1830s spelled the end for stagecoaches and mail coaches."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and evolution",
"text": "The first rail delivery between Liverpool and Manchester took place on 11 November 1830."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "It occurred to him that this stagecoach service could be developed into a national mail delivery service, so in 1782 he suggested to the Post Office in London that they take up the idea."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "Palmer made much use of the \"flying\" stagecoach services between cities in the course of his business, and noted that it seemed far more efficient than the system of mail delivery then in operation."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Improved coach design",
"text": "The period from 1800 to 1830 saw great improvements in the design of coaches, notably by John Besant in 1792 and 1795."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Improved coach design",
"text": "His patent lasted 14 years delaying development because Elliott allowed no others to license and use his patent."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "The postal delivery service in Britain had existed in the same form for about 150 years—from its introduction in 1635, mounted carriers had ridden between \"posts\" where the postmaster would remove the letters for the local area before handing the remaining letters and any additions to the next rider."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Origins",
"text": "One pamphleteer denounced the stagecoach as"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Decline and evolution | Competitive display and sport",
"text": "While stagecoaches vanished as rail penetrated the countryside"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Royal Mail stagecoaches",
"text": "Within the month the service had been extended from London to Norwich, Nottingham, Liverpool and Manchester, and by the end of 1785 services to the following major towns and cities of England and Wales had also been linked: Leeds, Dover, Portsmouth, Poole, Exeter, Gloucester, Worcester, Holyhead and Carlisle."
}
] |
The development of railways in the 1830s meant the end for stagecoaches and mail coaches when the last rail delivery between Doncaster and Sheffield unfolded on 11 December 1830.
| 0 | 0 |
Stagecoach
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "McClintock spent her later years, post Nobel Prize, as a key leader and researcher in the field at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Missouri",
"text": "She accepted a visiting Professorship at Columbia University, where her former Cornell colleague Marcus Rhoades was a professor."
}
] |
xp99opXYKmKrbNnNlEkP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "University of Missouri",
"text": "She accepted a visiting Professorship at Columbia University, where her former Cornell colleague Marcus Rhoades was a professor."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Missouri",
"text": "Rhoades also offered to share his research field at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | Rediscovery",
"text": "This honor allowed her to continue working with graduate students and colleagues in the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory as scientist emerita; she lived in the town."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "McClintock spent her later years, post Nobel Prize, as a key leader and researcher in the field at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory on Long Island, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor | The origins of maize",
"text": "She was interested in studying the evolution of maize through chromosomal changes, and being in South America would allow her to work on a larger scale."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor",
"text": "There, she was highly productive and continued her work with the breakage-fusion-bridge cycle, using it to substitute for X-rays as a tool for mapping new genes."
},
{
"section_header": "Cold Spring Harbor",
"text": "After her year-long temporary appointment, McClintock accepted a full-time research position at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "Later years",
"text": "McClintock died of natural causes in Huntington, New York, on September 2, 1992 at the age of 90; she never married or had children."
},
{
"section_header": "Education and research at Cornell",
"text": "McClintock's breakthrough publications, and support from her colleagues, led to her being awarded several postdoctoral fellowships from the National Research Council."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He works at a laboratory loosely based on Cold Spring Harbor."
}
] |
Barbara McClintock worked as a reasearcher at Cold Spring Harbor in New York after being offered the job by her friend and former colleague Marcuse Rhoades.
| 1 | 4 |
Barbara McClintock
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Boston Red Sox | 2000–2004",
"text": "He pitched effectively in the playoffs, contributing to the team's first World Series win in 86 years."
}
] |
xpQaz2bFONfVaTKD43kS
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Memorable games | World Series debut",
"text": "After a comparatively lackluster season in 2004 (though still a solid season by general standards), Pedro Martínez got the win in Game 3 of the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorable games | Another close call",
"text": "Pedro Martínez never threw an official no-hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | After retirement",
"text": "Pedro Martinez is an MLB on TBS studio analyst for Postseason coverage with Gary Sheffield, Jimmy Rollins, and Casey Stern."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorable games | Who's Your Daddy?",
"text": "In both the 2004 ALCS and the 2009 World Series, Martínez was greeted with the chant"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Boston Red Sox | 1998–1999",
"text": "Boston won the next two games to tie the series, but Martínez was still too injured to start the fifth and final game."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Boston Red Sox | 2000–2004",
"text": "He pitched effectively in the playoffs, contributing to the team's first World Series win in 86 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Sports Illustrated's Joe Posnanski wrote, \"There has never been a pitcher in baseball history—not Walter Johnson, not Lefty Grove, not Sandy Koufax, not Tom Seaver, not Roger Clemens—who was more overwhelming than the young Pedro."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Intense media interest preceded Martínez's \"return to Yankee Stadium\" in Game 2 of the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Memorable games | 1999 ALCS",
"text": "Game 3 of the American League Championship Series was the long anticipated matchup between Pedro Martínez and Roger Clemens."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New York Mets",
"text": "After Boston's World Series triumph in 2004, Martínez became a free agent and signed a 4-year, $53 million contract with the New York Mets."
}
] |
Pedro Martinez was nicknamed "El Duque" and he never won a World Series.
| 1 | 5 |
Pedro Martinez
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Layout",
"text": "There are three eating venues at the top of the building: a café (called One Café), a bar and \"small plates\" grill (One Mix), and a fine dining restaurant (One Dining)."
}
] |
xpZsM4q1sb9kfqgXTLTt
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Construction and later development",
"text": "In 2009, the Port Authority changed the official name of the building from \"Freedom Tower\" to \"One World Trade Center\", stating that this name was the \"easiest for people to identify with."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Construction and later development",
"text": "A report in September 2013 revealed that, at the time of the report, the World Trade Center Association (WTCA) was negotiating with regard to the \"World Trade Center\" name, as the WTCA had purchased the rights to the name in 1986."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The building opened on November 3, 2014; the One World Observatory opened on May 29, 2015.On March 26, 2009, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) confirmed that the building would be officially known by its legal name of \"One World Trade Center\", rather than its colloquial name of \"Freedom Tower\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Original building (1971–2001) | Specifications and operations",
"text": "One World Trade Center was the North Tower, and Two World Trade Center was the South Tower."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One World Trade Center (also known as One World Trade, One WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Construction and later development",
"text": "The WTCA sought $500,000 worth of free office space in the tower in exchange for the use of \"World Trade Center\" in the tower's name and associated souvenirs."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Sustainability",
"text": "Like other buildings in the new World Trade Center complex, One World Trade Center includes sustainable architecture features."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Layout",
"text": "There are three eating venues at the top of the building: a café (called One Café), a bar and \"small plates\" grill (One Mix), and a fine dining restaurant (One Dining)."
},
{
"section_header": "Current building (2013–present) | Architecture and design | Sustainability",
"text": "Like all of the new facilities at the World Trade Center site, One World Trade Center is heated by steam, with limited oil or natural gas utilities on-site."
}
] |
The eating establishments inside of the One World Trade Center don't subscribe to a hokey naming convention where they all have 'one' in their title.
| 0 | 0 |
One World Trade Center
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1970A Royal Nepal Airlines Fokker F27-200 (9N-AAR) after a flight from Kathmandu, Nepal was caught in severe thunderstorms with turbulence and downdrafts on final approach to Palam Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1973Indian Airlines Flight 440 crashed while on approach to Palam Airport, killing 48 of the 65 passengers and crew on board."
}
] |
xpa87tOPyTl9hB2JkSL8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1990An Air India Boeing 747 flying on the London-Delhi-Mumbai route and carrying 215 people (195 passengers and 20 crew) touched down at Indira Gandhi International Airport after a flight from London Heathrow Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Jewar Airport is being planned to offset the load of Indira Gandhi International Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Indira Gandhi International Airport (IATA: DEL, ICAO: VIDP) serves as the major international aviation hub of the Indian capital city of New Delhi as well as India."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "With the inauguration of this new international terminal, Terminal 2, on 2 May 1986, the airport was renamed as Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA).The old domestic airport (Palam) is known as Terminal 1 and was divided into separate buildings- 1A, 1B, and 1C. Blocks 1A and 1B used to handle international operations while domestic operations took place in 1C. Today, block 1A became a dedicated terminal for domestic Air India, which is now demolished."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Named after former Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi, it is the busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic since 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Domestic and International Operations",
"text": "Terminal 3 is used for international flights."
},
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1973Indian Airlines Flight 440 crashed while on approach to Palam Airport, killing 48 of the 65 passengers and crew on board."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers category in 2015, by Airports Council International."
},
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1970A Royal Nepal Airlines Fokker F27-200 (9N-AAR) after a flight from Kathmandu, Nepal was caught in severe thunderstorms with turbulence and downdrafts on final approach to Palam Airport."
},
{
"section_header": "Accidents and Incidents",
"text": "1972Japan Airlines Flight 471 crashed outside of Palam Airport, killing 82 of 87 occupants; ten of eleven crew members and 72 of 76 passengers died, as did three people on the ground."
}
] |
The Indira Ghandi International Airport never had any accidents.
| 2 | 3 |
Indira Gandhi International Airport
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "4,009 were missing and presumed dead; 290 died in accidents and 29 committed suicide."
}
] |
xqWggZOAc6Znt84EXmvp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Subsequent events | Paris Commune",
"text": "Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Analysis",
"text": "Reservists rarely lived more than a day's travel from their regiment's depot."
},
{
"section_header": "Prussian Army advance | Battle of Gravelotte",
"text": "St. Privat (18 August), was the largest battle during the Franco-Prussian War."
},
{
"section_header": "Prussian Army advance | Battle of Wissembourg",
"text": "The first action of the Franco-Prussian War took place on 4 August 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "During the war the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) established an international tracing agency in Basel for prisoners of that war."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Analysis",
"text": "At the start of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired, through poor planning and administration."
},
{
"section_header": "Prussian Army advance | Battle of Sedan",
"text": "But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield."
},
{
"section_header": "French Army incursion | Preparations for the offensive",
"text": "Marshal MacMahon took command of I Corps (4 infantry divisions) near Wissembourg"
},
{
"section_header": "War at sea | Pacific and Caribbean",
"text": "SMS Hertha in Nagasaki and the Battle of Havana took place between the Prussian gunboat SMS Meteor and the French aviso Bouvet off Havana, Cuba, in November 1870."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "In addition, 90,192 French soldiers were interned in Switzerland and 6,300 in Belgium."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath | Casualties",
"text": "4,009 were missing and presumed dead; 290 died in accidents and 29 committed suicide."
}
] |
Twenty nine French soldiers took their own lives during The Franco-Prussian War.
| 0 | 0 |
Franco-Prussian War
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia (Tish) Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
}
] |
xqi935oUGlBSyxUfbHor
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Destiny Hope Cyrus was born November 23, 1992, in Franklin, Tennessee, to Leticia (Tish) Jean Finley and country singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Her father's first child, Christopher Cody, was born in April 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "On December 23, Cyrus and Hemsworth married in a private wedding ceremony in their home in Nashville, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Bangerz and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz",
"text": "On May 23, 2013, it was confirmed that Cyrus would be featured on the Mike Will Made It single \"23\", with Wiz Khalifa and Juicy J."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Billboard's Top 125 Artists of All Time list in 2019.Cyrus was born in Franklin, Tennessee, and is a daughter of country music singer Billy Ray Cyrus."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "The Cyrus farmhouse is on 500 acres of land outside Nashville, Tennessee."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Cyrus was born with supraventricular tachycardia, a condition causing an abnormal resting heart rate."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Bangerz and Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz",
"text": "Reports began to surface in 2015 that Cyrus was working on two albums simultaneously, one of which she hoped to release at no charge."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2002: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Cyrus attended Heritage Elementary School in Williamson County, when her family lived in Thompson's Station, Tennessee."
}
] |
Miley Cyrus was born in Malan, Tennessee on Novemeber 23, 1992.
| 1 | 7 |
Miley Cyrus
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials."
}
] |
xrUujI4CiMvQT57PTJHr
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Trial",
"text": "In 1981, the four deposed leaders were subjected to a show trial and convicted of anti-party activities."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four (simplified Chinese: 四人帮; traditional Chinese: 四人幫; pinyin: Sì rén bāng) was a political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four controlled the power organs of the Communist Party of China through the later stages of the Cultural Revolution, although it remains unclear which major decisions were made by Mao Zedong and carried out by the Gang, and which were the result of the Gang of Four's own planning."
},
{
"section_header": "Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 2013, Mainland Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Joseph Zen and Jimmy Lai as ‘Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"’ due to their alleged foreign connections."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "That night Mao Yuanxin was arrested in Manchuria, and the propagandists of the Gang of Four in Peking University and in newspaper offices were taken into custody."
},
{
"section_header": "Hong Kong's \"Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In 2019, Chinese state media labelled Anson Chan, Martin Lee, Jimmy Lai and Albert Ho as the gang of four due to their alleged collusion with foreign forces in relation to the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "On October 4 the radical group warned, via an article in the Guangming Daily, that any revisionist who interfered with the established principles would \"come to no good end\"."
},
{
"section_header": "\"New Gang of Four\"",
"text": "In the Xi Jinping era, some commentators and political observers dubbed the loose political grouping of former security chief Zhou Yongkang, former Central Military Commission vice-chairman Xu Caihou, former Chongqing party chief Bo Xilai, and former General Office chief Ling Jihua as the \"New Gang of Four\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Gang of Four, together with general Lin Biao who died in 1971, were labeled the two major \"counter-revolutionary forces\" of the Cultural Revolution and officially blamed by the Chinese government for the worst excesses of the societal chaos that ensued during the ten years of turmoil."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall",
"text": "For the next few weeks the Gang of Four retained control over the government media, and many articles appeared on the theme of \"principles laid down\" (or \"established\") by Mao near the end of his life. (The words \"principles laid down\" were themselves supposedly a quotation from Mao, but their canonical status was in dispute.) Urban militia units commanded by supporters of the radical group were placed on a heightened state of readiness."
}
] |
The Gang of Four was made up of 4 Chinese Commie officers and were convicted of a few illegal activities.
| 0 | 0 |
Gang of Four
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "On the third day a major hemorrhage occurred and the emperor died during the night."
}
] |
xrjdyfSj9b5Yf9bUO6d5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "He received a wound from a spear that reportedly pierced the lower lobe of his liver, the peritoneum and intestines."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "Fourteen years later, Libanius said that Julian was killed by a Saracen (Lakhmid) and this may have been confirmed by Julian's doctor Oribasius who, having examined the wound, said that it was from a spear used by a group of Lakhmid auxiliaries in Persian service."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "On the third day a major hemorrhage occurred and the emperor died during the night."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "The wound was not immediately deadly."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious issues | Attempt to rebuild the Jewish Temple",
"text": "Julian's support of Jews caused Jews to call him \"Julian the Hellene\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the Battle of Samarra, Julian was mortally wounded under mysterious circumstances."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Rebellion in Paris",
"text": "His forces claimed control of Illyricum and his general, Nevitta, secured the pass of Succi into Thrace."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Persian campaign | Death",
"text": "Julian was treated by his personal physician, Oribasius of Pergamum, who seems to have made every attempt to treat the wound."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His rejection of Christianity, and his promotion of Neoplatonic Hellenism in its place, caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate by the Christian Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Clash with the Antiochenes",
"text": "Julian soon discovered that wealthy merchants were causing food problems, apparently by hoarding food and selling it at high prices."
}
] |
Julian passed from a hemorrhage caused by a spear wound.
| 3 | 8 |
Julian (emperor)
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "As in other Nordic countries, equality between the sexes is very high; Iceland is consistently ranked among the top three countries in the world for women to live in."
}
] |
xssJEN6hJShKWaXF0eAl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Nevertheless, according to the Economist Intelligence Index of 2011, Iceland has the 2nd highest quality of life in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Sport",
"text": "Iceland is also one of the leading countries in ocean rowing."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "It is now one of the most developed countries in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy",
"text": "Property rights are strong and Iceland is one of the few countries where they are applied to fishery management."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Animals",
"text": "This is low compared with other countries (over one million species have been described worldwide)."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "The country is considered a \"strong performer\" in environmental protection, having been ranked 13th in Yale University's Environmental Performance Index of 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "A Gallup poll conducted in 2012 found that 57% of Icelanders considered themselves \"religious\", 31% considered themselves \"non-religious\", while 10% defined themselves as \"convinced atheists\", placing Iceland among the ten countries with the highest proportions of atheists in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1944–present: Republic of Iceland | Economic boom and crisis",
"text": "It was quickly becoming one of the most prosperous countries in the world but was hit hard by a major financial crisis."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Energy",
"text": "Iceland is one of the few countries that have filling stations dispensing hydrogen fuel for cars powered by fuel cells."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics",
"text": "Iceland has a relatively young population for a developed country, with one out of five people being 14 years old or younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture",
"text": "As in other Nordic countries, equality between the sexes is very high; Iceland is consistently ranked among the top three countries in the world for women to live in."
}
] |
The country of Iceland is considered one of the worst countries for women's quality of life.
| 0 | 0 |
Iceland
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mississippi Burning is a 1988 American biographical crime thriller film directed by Alan Parker that is loosely based on the 1964 Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner murder investigation in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Gene Hackman and Willem Dafoe as two FBI agents assigned to investigate the disappearance of three civil rights workers in fictional Jessup County, Mississippi."
}
] |
xteZPAmvbPGn01AGAyaL
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "He released the three men on bail seven hours later and followed them out of town."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "Parker and Colesberry had difficulty finding a small town for the story setting before choosing LaFayette, Alabama to act as scenes set in the fictional town of Jessup County, Mississippi, with other scenes being shot in a number of locales in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "The film generated strong local interest in the state of Mississippi, resulting in sold-out showings in the first four days of wide release."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "There, he is left with a black man, who threatens to castrate him unless he speaks out."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The consensus reads, \"Mississippi Burning draws on real-life tragedy to impart a worthy message with the measured control of an intelligent drama and the hard-hitting impact of a thriller.\" Another review aggregator, Metacritic, assigned the film a weighted average score of 65 out of 100 based on 11 reviews from mainstream critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "They also visited Canton, Mississippi before travelling to Vaiden, Mississippi, where they scouted more than 200 courthouses that could be used for filming."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mississippi Burning is a 1988 American biographical crime thriller film directed by Alan Parker that is loosely based on the 1964 Chaney, Goodman and Schwerner murder investigation in Mississippi."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Before leaving town, Anderson and Ward visit an integrated congregation, gathered at an African-American cemetery, where the black civil rights activist's desecrated gravestone reads, \"Not Forgotten\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The filmmakers were initially reluctant about filming in Mississippi; they expressed interest in filming in Forsyth County, Georgia before being persuaded by John Horne, head of Mississippi's film commission."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "The filmmakers did not retain the names of actual people; many of the supporting characters were composites of people related to the murder case."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film stars Gene Hackman and Willem Dafoe as two FBI agents assigned to investigate the disappearance of three civil rights workers in fictional Jessup County, Mississippi."
}
] |
Mississippi is a thriller movie about a fire breaking out in a rural town in Mississippi and the fire watch has to put out the fires and evacuate people before they are all burnt to a crisp.
| 0 | 0 |
Mississippi Burning
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Lasorda signed with the Philadelphia Phillies as an undrafted free agent in 1945 and began his professional career that season with the Concord Weavers of the Class D North Carolina State League."
}
] |
xuQvs1A9rxirBnd7kaow
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "He made his only start for the Dodgers on May 5, 1955 but was removed after the first inning after tying a Major League record with three wild pitches in one inning and being spiked by Wally Moon of the St. Louis Cardinals."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "On May 31, 1948, he struck out 25 Amsterdam Rugmakers in a 15-inning game, setting a professional record (since broken), and drove in the winning run with a single."
},
{
"section_header": "Dodger executive",
"text": "Tommy Lasorda was named Vice-President of the Dodgers upon his retirement from managing in 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | Manager of the Dodgers",
"text": "The Dodgers retired his uniform number (2) on August 15, 1997 and renamed a street in Dodgertown as \"Tommy Lasorda Lane\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | 2001 All-Star Game",
"text": "While at the plate, Vladimir Guerrero lost his bat while swinging, and it flew towards Lasorda, causing him to fall backwards, but Tommy was unharmed."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In his next two starts, he struck out 15 and 13, gaining the attention of the Dodgers, who drafted him from the Phillies chain and sent him to the Greenville Spinners in 1949."
},
{
"section_header": "Coaching career | Minor leagues",
"text": "Lasorda was also a manager for the Dominican Winter Baseball League team Tigres del Licey (Licey Tigers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Lasorda also pitched for the Cristobal Mottas in the Canal Zone Baseball League in Panama from 1948 through 1950, winning the championship in 1948."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial record | Public persona",
"text": "Lasorda portrayed the Dugout Wizard in the syndicated children's television show The Baseball Bunch."
},
{
"section_header": "Managerial record | Public persona",
"text": "Lasorda was famous for his colorful personality and outspoken opinions regarding players and other personnel associated with baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Lasorda signed with the Philadelphia Phillies as an undrafted free agent in 1945 and began his professional career that season with the Concord Weavers of the Class D North Carolina State League."
}
] |
Tommy Lasorda started his career in baseball in the 1960's.
| 0 | 0 |
Tommy Lasorda
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Traynor and Waner went to a bar before playing the Giants on May 19, and when Waner ordered a beer"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Famous for his ability to hit while hung over, when Waner gave up drinking in 1938 at management's request, he hit only .280—the"
}
] |
xuVjGZs7yNOBv97sfqoO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "The origin of the nicknames \"Big Poison\" and \"Little Poison\" that were given to Paul and his younger brother Lloyd, respectively, is from a game at the Polo Grounds during the 1927 season when a fan pronounced \"person\" as \"poison\" as he called out to the brothers."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "The 1927 season was a standout year for Paul."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "On August 26, Waner collected 6 hits in 6 at-bats during a game against the Giants, and he accomplished this feat using 6 different bats from 6 different players."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "On April 17, 1926, against the Cincinnati Reds, he collected his first major league hit."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul and Lloyd also hold the record for most hits recorded by brothers (5,611)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the only postseason appearance of his career, he hit .333 in the Pirates' 1927 World Series loss against the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "On September 15, 1938, the brothers hit back-to-back home runs against Cliff Melton of the New York Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Paul Glee Waner (April 16, 1903 – August 29, 1965), nicknamed \"Big Poison\", was an American professional baseball right fielder who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four teams between 1926 and 1945, most notably playing his first 15 seasons with the Pittsburgh Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "For most of the period from 1927 to 1940, Paul patrolled right field at Forbes Field while Lloyd covered the ground next to him in center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Traynor and Waner went to a bar before playing the Giants on May 19, and when Waner ordered a beer"
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Famous for his ability to hit while hung over, when Waner gave up drinking in 1938 at management's request, he hit only .280—the"
}
] |
Paul Waner always had a strict personal code against baseball while inebriated.
| 1 | 3 |
Paul Waner
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aloysius Harry Simmons (May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956), born Alois Szymanski, was an American professional baseball player."
}
] |
xvCsSVmVmz8dHaLm49tK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Simmons was known by his birth last name (Szymanski) until he was playing for a local minor league team and he was tired of hearing people mispronounce it."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He saw an advertisement for a company named Simmons Hardware and decided to take on the last name of Simmons."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Aloysius Harry Simmons (May 22, 1902 – May 26, 1956), born Alois Szymanski, was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "While Cleveland manager Al López encouraged Simmons to think about his decision, Simmons said he could no longer help the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons died on May 26, 1956."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons was purchased from the Senators by the Boston Bees in 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Later career (1933–1944)",
"text": "Simmons played in the major leagues until 1944."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Overview",
"text": "Simmons was one of the best hitters in MLB history."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Simmons was the right fielder on Stein's Polish team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Simmons was born in Milwaukee and grew up as a fan of the Philadelphia Athletics."
}
] |
Aloysius Simmons is not his birth name.
| 1 | 2 |
Al Simmons
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Owned studios | Headquarters",
"text": "In the fall of 2010, Zynga signed a rental agreement for 270,000 square feet (25,000 m2) of office space at the site of former Sega offices."
}
] |
xvD83kxWBnbKOIoFSYls
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Owned studios | Headquarters",
"text": "In 2012, the company purchased the entire building, with about 407,000 square feet of total space, for $228 million."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company unveiled the Zynga Partners for Mobile program to help increase Zynga's presence on mobile devices."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The company primarily focuses on mobile and social networking platforms."
},
{
"section_header": "Owned studios | Headquarters",
"text": "The building was reported to be worth about $500 million in 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate culture",
"text": "Two former senior Zynga employees, quoted anonymously by the Times, speculated that Zynga's corporate culture caused the company to lose a bid to acquire mobile game company PopCap and nearly derailed its acquisition of MyMiniLife, which later developed the technology that is the basis for FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Zynga also announced the Zynga API, intended to help developers build social games."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "The Learning Company had previously contacted Zynga about an Oregon Trail game on Facebook, but Zynga declined."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "According to the company, Zynga has had over one billion people play its games since its inception in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Business model | Hasbro partnership",
"text": "The Hasbro games included ties to Zynga Web and mobile games, such as in-game currency that players can use in the digital versions of CityVille and FarmVille."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception and controversies | Intellectual property infringement",
"text": "In November 2011, Inside Mobile Apps wrote that Zynga's lawyers demanded that mobile game developer Latman Interactive abandon its trademark registration for the game Quackville."
},
{
"section_header": "Owned studios | Headquarters",
"text": "In the fall of 2010, Zynga signed a rental agreement for 270,000 square feet (25,000 m2) of office space at the site of former Sega offices."
}
] |
Zynga, the mobile games company, is headquartered in a building that was occupied formerly by a Japanese gaming company.
| 0 | 0 |
Zynga
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received seven nominations at the 58th Academy Awards (including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor) with Huston winning for Best Supporting Actress."
}
] |
xvgDlXDCwSEoiylkMEPC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor was theatrically released on June 14, 1985 by 20th Century Fox."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Anjelica Huston was paid the SAG-AFTRA scale rate of $14,000 for her role in Prizzi's Honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Do I ice her? Which one of these?\") Each pulls a weapon simultaneously in the bedroom."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "We don’t even want her in this movie.”"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prizzi's Honor is a 1985 American black comedy crime film directed by John Huston from a screenplay written by Richard Condon and Janet Roach based on Condon's 1982 novel of the same name."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Jack Nicholson's average-guyness as Charley, the clan's enforcer, is the film's touchstone: this is a baroque comedy about people who behave in ordinary ways in grotesque circumstances, and it has the juice of everyday family craziness in it.\" Roger Ebert gave the film three and half stars out of four and wrote:\"This is the most bizarre comedy in many a month, a movie so dark, so cynical and so funny that perhaps only Jack Nicholson and Kathleen Turner could have kept straight faces during the love scenes.\" On Rotten Tomatoes Prizzi's Honor holds an 86% rating based on thirty-six reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "In time, the don tells Charley that his wife's \"gotta go.\" In time, the don tells Charley that his wife's \"gotta go.\" Things come to a head in California when, acting as if everything were all right, Charley comes home to his wife. (A famous line from the movie, spoken by Charley, is \"Do I marry her?"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film received seven nominations at the 58th Academy Awards (including for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor) with Huston winning for Best Supporting Actress."
}
] |
The Prizzi's honor movie won one Oscar.
| 0 | 0 |
Prizzi's Honor
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Personality",
"text": "Thanks to his gregarious personality, Thome is the rare athlete who played in several cities and was beloved everywhere he went."
}
] |
xx2POiwsap8R4fLrBiRZ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minnesota Twins (2010–2011)",
"text": "Thome did it while a member of the Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Moreover, the Thomes try \"to stay connected with at least one or two organizations in each of the cities\" that Thome has played."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles (2012)",
"text": "Thome remarked, \"I talk the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1989–1991)",
"text": "Thome later said, \"[Manuel] saw something in me"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles (2012)",
"text": "Orioles catcher Matt Wieters said of Thome,"
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1998–2002",
"text": "During his stint with the Cleveland Indians, when Jim Thome would hit a home run, the scoreboard would often display \"THOME RUN\" to mark this accomplishment."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cleveland Indians (1991–2002) | 1998–2002",
"text": "In addition, Thome had 124 RBI and 111 walks."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Personality",
"text": "I saw the Twins and Phillies play each other in Philadelphia when Thome was with the Twins, and the same two teams in Minnesota two years later when Thome was a Phillie, and the opposing crowd cheered Thome both times, even when he hit home runs for the road team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Thome was known for his consistently positive attitude and \"gregarious\" personality."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Baltimore Orioles (2012)",
"text": "Thome hit .133 in the playoffs with no home runs or RBIs."
},
{
"section_header": "Player profile | Personality",
"text": "Thanks to his gregarious personality, Thome is the rare athlete who played in several cities and was beloved everywhere he went."
}
] |
Jim Thome was liked where ever he traveled to.
| 1 | 3 |
Jim Thome
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City."
}
] |
xx5qQkZSHC87fRt3pAdK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Titanic is the second largest ocean liner wreck in the world, only being surpassed by her sister ship HMHS Britannic, however, she is the largest sunk while in service as a liner, as Britannic was in use as a hospital ship at the time of her sinking."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time she entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage | Collecting passengers",
"text": "An accident was narrowly averted only a few minutes later, as Titanic passed the moored liners SS City of New York of the American Line and Oceanic of the White Star Line, the latter of which would have been her running mate on the service from Southampton."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Mail and cargo",
"text": "Although Titanic was primarily a passenger liner, she also carried a substantial amount of cargo."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in the early morning hours of 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe, who were seeking a new life in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Passenger facilities",
"text": "Her interior design was a departure from that of other passenger liners, which had typically been decorated in the rather heavy style of a manor house or an English country house."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath of sinking | Retrieval and burial of the dead",
"text": "After their retrieval from Collapsible A by Oceanic, the bodies were buried at sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Maiden voyage",
"text": "The Southampton-Cherbourg-New York run would become so popular that most British ocean liners began using the port after World War I. Out of respect for Liverpool, ships continued to be registered there until the early 1960s."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural",
"text": "In the novel the ship is the SS Titan, a four-stacked liner, the largest in the world and considered unsinkable."
}
] |
The Titanic was a passenger liner that did not sink in the Pacific Ocean.
| 0 | 0 |
Titanic
|
Music
| 8 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Barber became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, Vanessa, which premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1958."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won a Pulitzer Prize twice, for The Consul (1950) and for The Saint of Bleecker Street (1955)."
}
] |
xxhdFBOvJTjumMm0HuoB
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career as composer",
"text": "Menotti won a second Pulitzer Prize for his opera"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He won a Pulitzer Prize twice, for The Consul (1950) and for The Saint of Bleecker Street (1955)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "As a student, Menotti spent much of his time with the Barber family in West Chester, Pennsylvania."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as composer",
"text": "His first full-length opera, The Consul, which premiered in 1950, won both the Pulitzer Prize for Music and the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award for Musical Play of the Year (the latter in 1954)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career as composer",
"text": "Menotti wrote the libretti for two of Samuel Barber's operas, Vanessa and A Hand of Bridge, as well as revising the libretto for Antony and Cleopatra."
},
{
"section_header": "Spoleto Festivals",
"text": "Menotti founded the Festival of Two Worlds in Spoleto, Italy in 1958, and its companion festival, Spoleto Festival USA, in Charleston, South Carolina in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Spoleto Festivals",
"text": "In June and July 2007 the Festival of Two Worlds, which Menotti founded and oversaw until his death, dedicated the 50th Anniversary of the Festival to his memory, organised by his son Francis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He wrote the classic Christmas opera Amahl and the Night Visitors, along with over two dozen other operas intended to appeal to popular taste."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He founded the Festival dei Due Mondi (Festival of the Two Worlds) in Spoleto in 1958 and its American counterpart, Spoleto Festival USA, in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "After graduation, the two men bought a house together in Mount Kisco, New York, which they named \"Capricorn\" and shared for over forty years."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Barber became Menotti's partner in life and in work, with Menotti crafting the libretto for Barber's most famous opera, Vanessa, which premiered at the Metropolitan Opera in 1958."
}
] |
Menotti is a two time Pulitzer Prize winner.
| 3 | 8 |
Gian Carlo Menotti
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; French: Croisade des albigeois, Occitan: Crosada dels albigeses) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France."
}
] |
xxva2Q2Sj7rycZd9ykje
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Initial success 1209 to 1215 | Fall of Carcassonne",
"text": "The siege did not last long. By August 7 they had cut the city's water supply."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | Initial success 1209 to 1215 | Toulouse",
"text": "Innocent trusted Peter and was hoping to bring an end to the Albigensian Crusade in order to launch a new crusade in the Middle East and to maintain pressure on the Moors."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "As a result of the Albigensian Crusade, there were only a small number of French recruits for the Fifth and Sixth crusades."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade is considered by many historians to be an act of genocide against the Cathars."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade had a role in the creation and institutionalization of both the Dominican Order and the Medieval Inquisition."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Albigensian Crusade or the Cathar Crusade (1209–1229; French: Croisade des albigeois, Occitan: Crosada dels albigeses) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in southern France."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Genocide",
"text": "Kurt Jonassohn and Karin Solveig Björnson describe the Albigensian Crusade as \"the first ideological genocide\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Influence",
"text": "Strayer argues that the Albigensian Crusade increased the power of the French monarchy and made the papacy more dependent on it."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Genocide",
"text": "Mark Gregory Pegg writes that \"The Albigensian Crusade ushered genocide into the West by linking divine salvation to mass murder, by making slaughter as loving an act as His sacrifice on the cross.\" Robert E. Lerner argues that Pegg's classification of the Albigensian Crusade as a genocide is inappropriate, on the grounds that it \"was proclaimed against unbelievers ... not against a 'genus' or people; those who joined the crusade had no intention of annihilating the population of southern France ... If Pegg wishes to connect the Albigensian Crusade to modern ethnic slaughter, well—words fail me (as they do him).\" Laurence Marvin is not as dismissive as Lerner regarding Pegg's contention that the Albigensian Crusade was a genocide; he does, however, take issue with Pegg's argument that the Albigensian Crusade formed an important historical precedent for later genocides including the Holocaust."
},
{
"section_header": "Military campaigns | French royal intervention",
"text": "The council gathered a thousand churchmen to authorize a tax on their annual incomes, the \"Albigensian tenth\", to support the Crusade, though permanent reforms intended to fund the papacy in perpetuity foundered."
}
] |
Albigensian Crusade was a long campaign initiated by a Protestant clergyman.
| 0 | 0 |
Albigensian Crusade
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry is also known as \"the father of the Royal Navy,\" as he invested heavily in the navy, increasing its size from a few to more than 50 ships, and established the Navy Board."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king."
}
] |
xyAwXL7BFdVou0WpW2DQ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death in 1547."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "This final provision failed when James VI of Scotland became King of England in 1603."
},
{
"section_header": "Early reign",
"text": "Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and arms",
"text": "Or (for England). In 1535, Henry added the \"supremacy phrase\" to the royal style, which became \"Henry the Eighth, by the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith, Lord of Ireland and of the Church of England in Earth Supreme Head\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Shrines destroyed and monasteries dissolved",
"text": "As a consequence, the king was excommunicated by Pope Paul III on 17 December of the same year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Henry is also known as \"the father of the Royal Navy,\" as he invested heavily in the navy, increasing its size from a few to more than 50 ships, and established the Navy Board."
},
{
"section_header": "France and the Habsburgs",
"text": "After Pope Julius II created the anti-French Holy League in October 1511, Henry followed Ferdinand's lead and brought England into the new League."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and arms",
"text": "In 1521, pursuant to a grant from Pope Leo X rewarding Henry for his Defence of the Seven Sacraments, the royal style became \"Henry the Eighth, by the Grace of God, King of England and France, Defender of the Faith and Lord of Ireland\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Government | Military",
"text": "Henry is traditionally cited as one of the founders of the Royal Navy."
},
{
"section_header": "Style and arms",
"text": "The meeting of Irish Parliament that proclaimed Henry VIII as King of Ireland was the first meeting attended by the Gaelic Irish chieftains as well as the Anglo-Irish aristocrats."
}
] |
Henry VIII of England became king when he was 17 and created a navy.
| 0 | 0 |
Henry VIII of England
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Roger Ebert gave a positive review in January 1972, saying: \"This is no ordinary musical."
}
] |
xyb9L7v5rYFKrmUALvV3
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Historical basis",
"text": "Many of the Berlin cabaret denizens befriended by Isherwood would later flee abroad:164–166 or die in labor camps.:150,"
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Reaction of Isherwood and others",
"text": "The poet Stephen Spender lamented how Cabaret (1972) glossed over Weimar Berlin's crushing poverty: \"There is not a single meal, or club, in the movie Cabaret, that Christopher [Isherwood] and I could have afforded [in 1931]."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "The movie does not exploit decadence; rather, it gives it its due."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Cabaret has been cited by TV Guide as among the greatest films ever made, and in Movieline magazine as one of the \"100 Best Movies Ever\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Bob Fosse's generally excellent direction recreates the milieu of Germany some 40 years ago.\" Roger Greenspun of The New York Times wrote in February 1972 that \"Cabaret is one of those immensely gratifying imperfect works in which from beginning to end you can literally feel a movie coming to life.\" Likewise, Pauline Kael of The New Yorker wrote a review that same month in which she applauded the film: \"A great movie musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After the box office failure of his film version of Sweet Charity in 1969, Bob Fosse bounced back with Cabaret in 1972, a year that made him the most honored director in the movie business."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Controversies",
"text": "However, critic Steven Belletto wrote a critique of Cabaret in the Criticism journal, published by Wayne State University Press, in which he highlighted the anti-fascist themes in the film present both within and outside of the musical acts."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Reaction of Isherwood and others",
"text": "was critical of the 1972 film due to what he perceived as its negative portrayal of homosexuality: \"In the film of Cabaret, the male lead is called Brian Roberts."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | American Film Institute recognition",
"text": "AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – No. 5"
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Controversies",
"text": "According to Belletto, \"despite the ways that the film has been understood by a variety of critics, [Cabaret] rejects the logic of fascist certainty by staging various numbers committed to irony and ambiguity."
},
{
"section_header": "Release and reaction | Critical reception | Contemporary reviews",
"text": "Roger Ebert gave a positive review in January 1972, saying: \"This is no ordinary musical."
}
] |
The movie Cabaret was a flop with many critics.
| 0 | 0 |
Cabaret (1972 film)
|
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