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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clooney was born on May 6, 1961 in Lexington, Kentucky."
}
] |
ychJbEkgr4tjCj1HJCO6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "The Clooneys moved back to Kentucky when George was midway through the seventh grade."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clooney was born on May 6, 1961 in Lexington, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "his parents moved to Augusta, Kentucky, Clooney attended Augusta High School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Timothy Clooney (born May 6, 1961) is an American actor, film director, producer, and screenwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "The cover story in a February 2008 issue of Time magazine was headlined with: \"George Clooney: The last movie"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Real estate",
"text": "He purchased the 7,354-square-foot (683.2 m2) house in 1995 through his George Guilfoyle Trust."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He attended Northern Kentucky University from 1979 to 1981, majoring in broadcast journalism, and very briefly attended the University of Cincinnati, but did not graduate from either."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Clooney was raised a strict Roman Catholic but said in 2006 that he did not know if he believed \"in Heaven, or even God.\" He has said, \"Yes, we were Catholic, big-time, whole family, whole group.\" He began his education at the Blessed Sacrament School in Fort Mitchell, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early work, 1978–1993",
"text": "Clooney's first role was as an extra in the television mini-series Centennial in 1978, which was based on the novel of the same name by James A. Michener and was partly filmed in Clooney's hometown of Augusta, Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Activism and public advocacy | Political views",
"text": "Clooney is a supporter of gay rights."
}
] |
George Clooney is a native of Kentucky.
| 0 | 0 |
George Clooney
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley decided to return to baseball in 1937."
}
] |
ycsn0rpopqoB9KuZTRW0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bottomley was nicknamed \"Sunny Jim\" because of his cheerful disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Bottomley had also sought Cincinnati's managerial position that offseason, which instead went to Donie Bush."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "The Cardinals decided to invite Bottomley to a tryout in late 1919, and signed him to a $150-a-month ($2,212 in current dollar terms) contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "During a July road trip, Bottomley announced his retirement as a result of an injured back; however, he changed his mind and decided to remain with the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "During his time in the minor leagues, the media began to call Bottomley \"Sunny Jim\", due to his pleasant disposition."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Browns",
"text": "Bottomley decided to return to baseball in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal",
"text": "Bottomley returned to baseball as a scout for the Cardinals in 1955."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "While he was playing semi-professional baseball, the Cardinals scouted and signed Bottomley."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | St. Louis Cardinals",
"text": "Bottomley began his professional career in minor league baseball in 1920."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "Bottomley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame posthumously in 1974 by the Veterans Committee."
}
] |
Jim Bottomley went back to baseball in the late 1930's.
| 1 | 5 |
Jim Bottomley
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
}
] |
ydDhWOCctRryCD0cwHMu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Three treaties were signed to end each of the overlapping wars: the Peace of Münster, the Treaty of Münster, and the Treaty of Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They ended the Thirty Years' War and brought peace to the Holy Roman Empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "In Münster, negotiations took place between the Holy Roman Empire and France, as well as between the Dutch Republic and Spain who on 30 January 1648 signed a peace treaty, that was not part of the Peace of Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "The Holy Roman Empire and Sweden declared that the preparations of Cologne and the Treaty of Hamburg were preliminaries of an overall peace agreement."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Three separate treaties constituted the peace settlement."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The treaties did not entirely end conflicts arising out of the Thirty Years' War."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "The Peace of Münster was signed by the Dutch Republic and the Kingdom of Spain on 30 January 1648, and was ratified in Münster on 15 May 1648."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "Two complementary treaties were signed on 24 October 1648: The Treaty of Münster (Instrumentum Pacis Monasteriensis, IPM), between the Holy Roman Emperor and France, along with their respective allies"
},
{
"section_header": "Treaties",
"text": "The Treaty of Osnabrück (Instrumentum Pacis Osnabrugensis, IPO), between the Holy Roman Empire and Sweden, along with their respective allies."
}
] |
The Peace of Westphalia was were peace treaties were signed and it ended a long war for the Roman Empire.
| 0 | 0 |
Peace of Westphalia
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Asexual reproduction",
"text": "Some oligochaetes, such as Aulophorus furcatus, seem to reproduce entirely asexually, while others reproduce asexually in summer and sexually in autumn."
}
] |
ydZPHVmpvNvvOdfPaOe8
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The annelids (Annelida, from Latin anellus, \"little ring\"), also known as the ringed worms or segmented worms, are a large phylum, with over 22,000 extant species including ragworms, earthworms, and leeches."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Sexual reproduction",
"text": "Some polychaetes breed only once in their lives, while others breed almost continuously or through several breeding seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Ecological significance",
"text": "Earthworms migrate only a limited distance annually on their own, and the spread of invasive worms is increased rapidly by anglers and from worms or their cocoons in the dirt on vehicle tires or footwear."
},
{
"section_header": "Interaction with humans",
"text": "Anglers sometimes find that worms are more effective bait than artificial flies, and worms can be kept for several days in a tin lined with damp moss."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Nervous system and senses",
"text": "This enables these worms to withdraw rapidly from danger by shortening their bodies."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Asexual reproduction",
"text": "Some oligochaetes, such as Aulophorus furcatus, seem to reproduce entirely asexually, while others reproduce asexually in summer and sexually in autumn."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Segmentation",
"text": "The phylum's name is derived from the Latin word annelus, meaning \"little ring\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Asexual reproduction",
"text": "However, leeches have never been seen reproducing asexually."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Nervous system and senses",
"text": "Some tube-worms use ocelli widely spread over their bodies to detect the shadows of fish, so that they can quickly withdraw into their tubes."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Reproduction and life cycle | Asexual reproduction",
"text": "Asexual reproduction in oligochaetes is always by dividing into two or more pieces, rather than by budding."
}
] |
Annelida are commonly known as ringed worms or segmented worms that only breed asexually.
| 0 | 0 |
Annelida
|
Literature
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 is set in an unspecified city (likely in the American Midwest) in the year 1999 (according to Ray Bradbury's Coda), though it is written as if set in a distant future."
}
] |
ydkb2v977uNSPwRt8QLB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\"Fahrenheit 451 was number seven on the list of \"Top Check Outs OF ALL TIME\" by the New York Public Library"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Censorship/banning incidents",
"text": "The following are some notable incidents: In 1987, Fahrenheit 451 was given \"third tier\" status by the Bay County School Board in Panama City, Florida under then-superintendent Leonard Hall's new three-tier classification system."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "After the completion of the New York run, the production then transferred to the Edinburgh Festival where it was a 2006 Edinburgh Festival Pick of the Fringe."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 is set in an unspecified city (likely in the American Midwest) in the year 1999 (according to Ray Bradbury's Coda), though it is written as if set in a distant future."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "As in the movie, Clarisse does not simply disappear but in the finale meets up with Montag as a book character (she as Robert Louis Stevenson, he as Edgar Allan Poe).The UK premiere of Bradbury's stage adaptation was not until 2003 in Nottingham, while it took until 2006 before the Godlight Theatre Company produced and performed its New York City premiere at 59E59 Theaters."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "a proto-Fahrenheit 451. In the Preface of his 2006 anthology Match to Flame: The Fictional Paths to Fahrenheit 451 he states that this is an oversimplification."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "According to Bradbury, it is the people, not the state, who are the culprit in Fahrenheit 451."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and development",
"text": "The full genealogy of Fahrenheit 451 given in Match to Flame is involved."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Theater",
"text": "Fahrenheit 451 inspired the Birmingham Repertory Theatre production Time"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The play combined plot ideas from Fahrenheit 451 and Nineteen Eighty-Four."
}
] |
Fahrenheit 451 happens in New York City.
| 4 | 8 |
Fahrenheit 451
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "Hungary is a unitary state nation divided into 19 counties (megye)."
}
] |
ydwqW8JlJqTUl5rJhVcO
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Urbanization",
"text": "All county seats except Budapest are urban counties."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "Hungary is a unitary state nation divided into 19 counties (megye)."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "The counties and the capital are the 20 NUTS third-level units of Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Urbanization",
"text": "The capital Budapest has a special status and is not included in any county while 23 of the towns are so-called urban counties (megyei jogú város – town with county rights)."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Ottoman wars 1526–1699",
"text": "The vast majority of the seventeen and nineteen thousand Ottoman soldiers in service in the Ottoman fortresses in the territory of Hungary were Orthodox and Muslim Balkan Slavs rather than ethnic Turkish people."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "The districts are further divided into towns and villages, of which 23 are designated towns with county rights (megyei jogú város), sometimes known as \"urban counties\" in English."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Law and judicial system",
"text": "The body is divided into county police departments which are also divided into regional and town police departments."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "Since 1996, the counties and City of Budapest have been grouped into seven regions for statistical and development purposes."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "County and district councils and municipalities have different roles and separate responsibilities relating to local government."
},
{
"section_header": "Government and politics | Administrative divisions",
"text": "The role of the counties are basically administrative and focus on strategic development, while preschools, public water utilities, garbage disposal, elderly care and rescue services are administered by the municipalities."
}
] |
Hungary has nineteen counties.
| 0 | 1 |
Hungary
|
Popular Culture
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On the day of Bonnie's kindergarten orientation, Woody worries over her and sneaks into her backpack."
}
] |
yeDpcxSLpBvlU5nrfQOv
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Woody and Bo begin a new life with Ducky, Bunny, Giggle, and Duke, dedicated to finding new owners for lost toys."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Just as they finish the rescue, Woody watches as Bo is donated to a new owner, and considers going with her, but ultimately decides to remain with Andy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "At the carousel, Woody and Bo share a bittersweet goodbye, but Woody is hesitant to leave Bo again."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "The toys part ways, but Woody watches Gabby as she is rejected by her ideal owner, Harmony."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Woody comforts a heartbroken Gabby and invites her to become one of Bonnie's toys."
},
{
"section_header": "Future | Short film",
"text": "If there is, it's tomorrow's problem.\" A short film titled Lamp Life reveals Bo Peep's whereabouts between leaving and reuniting with Woody."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Meanwhile, Buzz searches for Woody but gets lost at a fairground and becomes a carnival game prize."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "Bo Peep's becoming a lost toy also reflects a fear Woody has had through the series, and challenges his world view."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "As Forky becomes Bonnie's favorite toy, Woody takes it upon himself to prevent Forky from throwing himself away."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film directly follows Toy Story 3, as Sheriff Woody, Buzz Lightyear, and their other toy friends have found new appreciation living with Bonnie."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "On the day of Bonnie's kindergarten orientation, Woody worries over her and sneaks into her backpack."
}
] |
Woody becomes concerned about his new owner and leaves the playroom.
| 0 | 3 |
Toy Story 4
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "The title is a reference to director Sergio Leone's second western/American trilogy, Once Upon a Time in the West, Once Upon a Time… the Revolution (which producers insisted on retitling Duck, You Sucker! ), and Once Upon a Time in America."
}
] |
yeIfg8x5R4fTLxW27bih
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Soundtrack",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is also the name of the soundtrack."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is a 2019 comedy-drama film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing and development",
"text": "The work that would become the screenplay for Once Upon a Time in Hollywood was developed slowly over several years by Tarantino."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Additional music",
"text": "Herrman's music from that film included in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is \"The Killing\", and \"The Radiogram\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 21, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Pop culture references",
"text": "The title is a reference to director Sergio Leone's second western/American trilogy, Once Upon a Time in the West, Once Upon a Time… the Revolution (which producers insisted on retitling Duck, You Sucker! ), and Once Upon a Time in America."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Writing and development",
"text": "While he knew he wanted the work to be titled Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, evoking the idea of a fairy tale set in 1960s"
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Casting",
"text": "On February 28, 2018, the film was titled Once Upon a Time in Hollywood, with Pitt cast in the role Cruise was also up for."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "In April 2020 Media Play News magazine announced Once Upon a Time in Hollywood earned the top prize in the 10th annual Home Media Awards, which honor the best home video releases of 2019, taking Title of the Year and Best Theatrical Home Release."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Once Upon a Time in Hollywood grossed $142.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $231.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $374.3 million."
}
] |
Tarantino called the movie Once Upon a Time in Hollywood because it is what an expose from a famous gossip magazine about the 1940s is called.
| 0 | 1 |
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
}
] |
yelMp7UIE805cnXwF43G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley (1797–1851) that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | Modern Prometheus",
"text": "The Modern Prometheus is the novel's subtitle (though modern editions now drop it, only mentioning it in introduction)."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | Modern Prometheus",
"text": "The term \"Modern Prometheus\" was derived from Immanuel Kant who described Benjamin Franklin as the \"Prometheus of modern times\" in reference to his experiments with electricity."
},
{
"section_header": "Frankenstein and the Monster | The Creature",
"text": "During a telling of Frankenstein, Shelley referred to the creature as \"Adam\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "Shelley completed her writing in April/May 1817, and Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus was published on 1 January 1818 by the small London publishing house Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor, & Jones."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Creates the monster. The creature (Frankenstein's monster) – The hideous creature created by Victor Frankenstein."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition",
"text": "Shelley wrote much of the book while residing in a lodging house in the centre of Bath in 1816.Shelley's manuscripts for the first three-volume edition in 1818 (written 1816–1817), as well as the fair copy for her publisher, are now housed in the Bodleian Library in Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "This edition is the one most widely published and read now, although a few editions follow the 1818 text."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After thinking for days, Shelley dreamt about a scientist who created life and was horrified by what he had made, inspiring the novel."
}
] |
Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel by Mary Shelley that tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a hideous sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment, was written when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in America when she was 20.
| 0 | 0 |
Frankenstein
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In retaliation, a private militia composed of both US citizens and Canadians attacked a British vessel and destroyed it."
}
] |
yeqSxSm83ttzZhjEccd2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caroline affair (also known as the Caroline case) was a diplomatic crisis beginning in 1837 involving the United States, Britain, and the Canadian independence movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "McLeod was arrested in the United States in 1840 for his role in Durfee's death during the attack."
},
{
"section_header": "Events",
"text": "Public opinion across the United States was outraged against the British."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In retaliation, a private militia composed of both US citizens and Canadians attacked a British vessel and destroyed it."
},
{
"section_header": "Aftermath",
"text": "Shortly after the incident, a Canadian sheriff named Alexander McLeod claimed that he had helped attack the Caroline during the Caroline affair."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The principle states that the necessity for [self-defense] must be \"instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation\", as formulated by Daniel Webster in his response to British claims that they attacked the Caroline in self-defense."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The Reform Movement of Upper Canada (today's Ontario) was a movement to make the British colonial rule in Canada more democratic and less corrupt."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "In December 1837, Mackenzie began the Upper Canada Rebellion by fighting the British in the Battle of Montgomery's Tavern."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "After these defeats, Mackenzie fled to Navy Island in the Niagara River, which they declared the Republic of Canada, on board the vessel SS Caroline."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It began in 1837 when William Lyon Mackenzie and other Canadian rebels, with support from US citizens, fled to an island in the Niagara River, in the ship Caroline."
}
] |
The Caroline Affair was a rare instance of citizens of the United States and Canada joining together to physically attack the British.
| 0 | 0 |
Caroline affair
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots",
"text": "The Robots described in Čapek's play are not robots in the popularly understood sense of an automaton."
}
] |
yfJxNeJcV3uxUK6xSMGg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "One of the robots is seen driving a car with \"RUR\" as the license plate number."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "R.U.R. is a 1920 science fiction play by the Czech writer Karel Čapek."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "On 26 November 2015 The RUR-Play: Prologue, the world's first version of R.U.R. with robots appearing in all the roles, was presented during the robot performance festival of Cafe Neu Romance at the gallery of the National Library of Technology in Prague.."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots",
"text": "The Robots described in Čapek's play are not robots in the popularly understood sense of an automaton."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots",
"text": "biological organisms that may be mistaken for humans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They seem happy to work for humans at first, but a robot rebellion leads to the extinction of the human race."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history | Adaptations",
"text": "It utilized actual robots on stage interacting with the human actors."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Epilogue",
"text": "Busman is killed attempting to negotiate a peace with the Robots, who then storm the factory and kill all the humans except for Alquist, the company's chief engineer, whom the Robots spare because they recognize that \"he works with his hands like the Robots.\" Years have passed and almost all humans had been killed by the robot revolution except for Alquist."
},
{
"section_header": "Robots | Origin of the word",
"text": "The play introduced the word robot, which displaced older words such as \"automaton\" or \"android\" in languages around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Epilogue",
"text": "The robot government has attempted to search for surviving humans to help Alquist but they have not been able to find any."
}
] |
The 1920 play R.U.R. portrays human like robots that are unlike the robots commonly known today.
| 1 | 1 |
R.U.R.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical."
}
] |
yfPtjoaJWN0h6S7uMcwD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "King Arthur (Welsh: Brenin Arthur, Cornish: Arthur Gernow, Breton: Roue Arzhur) was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), saw Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons some time in the late 5th to early 6th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "Bede ascribed to these legendary figures a historical role in the 5th-century Anglo-Saxon conquest of eastern Britain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline, revival, and the modern legend | Modern legend",
"text": "Clemence Dane's series of radio plays, The Saviours (1942), used a historical Arthur to embody the spirit of heroic resistance against desperate odds, and Robert Sherriff's play The Long Sunset (1955) saw Arthur rallying Romano-British resistance against the Germanic invaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "It is not even certain that Arthur was considered a king in the early texts."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Geoffrey of Monmouth",
"text": "This work is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader."
},
{
"section_header": "Historicity",
"text": "These modern admissions of ignorance are a relatively recent trend; earlier generations of historians were less sceptical."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain)."
},
{
"section_header": "Medieval literary traditions | Geoffrey of Monmouth",
"text": "Geoffrey Ashe is one dissenter from this view, believing that Geoffrey's narrative is partially derived from a lost source telling of the deeds of a 5th-century British king named Riotamus, this figure being the original Arthur, although historians and Celticists have been reluctant to follow Ashe in his conclusions."
}
] |
King Arthur was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries and even modern historians generally agree that he is historical.
| 0 | 0 |
King Arthur
|
NOCAT
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kapu āiwa means mysterious kapu or sacred one protected by supernatural powers."
}
] |
yfbJxvmzYEh1WuqYI0fv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "The change was made shortly before the death of Prince Albert Kamehameha, the only son of Kamehameha IV."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Kapu āiwa means mysterious kapu or sacred one protected by supernatural powers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "He founded the Royal Order of Kamehameha I society and the Royal Order of Kamehameha"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Kamehameha V: Lot Kapuāiwa. Honolulu: Kamehameha Schools Press."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "He was the last ruling monarch of the House of Kamehameha styled under the Kamehameha name."
},
{
"section_header": "Succession",
"text": "Kamehameha V's cousin William Charles Lunalilo, a Kamehameha by birth from his mother, demanded a general election and won."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "After leaving school (Kamehameha Kapalama in Hawaii), he traveled abroad with his brother Alexander Liholiho."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Since King Kamehameha III declared him eligible for the throne, he was educated at the Royal School like his cousins and siblings."
},
{
"section_header": "New constitution and new laws",
"text": "Kamehameha V surprised the supporters of bill, saying \"I will never sign the death warrant of my people."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "was Mataio Kekūanāoʻa. His siblings included David Kamehameha, Moses Kekūāiwa, Alexander Liholiho, and Victoria Kamāmalu."
}
] |
Kamehameha definitely had extraordinary unnatural abilities, as was made clear by his name's meaning.
| 1 | 5 |
Kamehameha V
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the pitching coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas."
}
] |
yfbgaXAsAy2oofpAJ6B4
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He will serve as the pitching coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "This approach was emphasized under former Atlanta Braves pitching coach Leo Mazzone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is the pitching coach at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching profile",
"text": "\" The batter, Los Angeles' José Hernández, drove the next pitch into the chest of the Dodgers' first base coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching profile",
"text": "On another occasion while sitting on the bench, Maddux once told his teammates, \"Watch this, we might need to call an ambulance for the first base coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "He was announced as the pitching coach for the USA team in the 2013 World Baseball Classic."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "For the 2012 season Maddux left his position with the Cubs and joined the Texas Rangers organization, where his brother Mike was the pitching coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "On July 6, 2016, Maddux was hired as an assistant baseball coach for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gregory Alan Maddux (born April 14, 1966) is an American college baseball coach and former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Pitching style",
"text": "Maddux said of that pitch, \"That was just my normal fastball that did that."
}
] |
Maddux is a pitching coach at UNLV.
| 0 | 0 |
Greg Maddux
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a wealthy landowner of Spanish and Irish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (Spanish pronunciation: [beɾˈnaɾðo oˈ(x)iɣins] (listen); 1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence."
}
] |
yfuuU7QxewDN4VyJXZoG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Peruvian independence and O'Higgins' final years",
"text": "In 1842, the National Congress of Chile finally voted to allow O'Higgins to return to Chile."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "O'Higgins is widely commemorated today, both in Chile and beyond."
},
{
"section_header": "O'Higgins as Supreme Director",
"text": "O'Higgins accepted the position instead, and became the leader of an independent Chile."
},
{
"section_header": "O'Higgins as Supreme Director",
"text": "On 12 February 1818, Chile proclaimed itself an independent republic."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2005, a bust was erected \"To the Liberator of Chile\" by the Chilean Embassy in the Parque"
},
{
"section_header": "Role in Chilean independence movement",
"text": "The criollo leaders in Chile did not support Joseph Bonaparte's rule in Spain, and a limited self-government under the Government Junta of Chile was created, with the aim of restoring the legitimate Spanish throne."
},
{
"section_header": "O'Higgins as Supreme Director",
"text": "O'Higgins was made governor of Concepción, an appointment which did not last long: it was time for him to leave Chile."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "A statue of Bernardo O'Higgins in the city of Concepción was destroyed during the 2010 earthquake in Chile."
},
{
"section_header": "Peruvian independence and O'Higgins' final years",
"text": "After travelling to Callao to embark for Chile, however, O'Higgins began to succumb to cardiac problems and was too weak to travel."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "After his death, his remains were first buried in Peru, before being repatriated to Chile in 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a wealthy landowner of Spanish and Irish ancestry."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme (Spanish pronunciation: [beɾˈnaɾðo oˈ(x)iɣins] (listen); 1778–1842) was a Chilean independence leader who freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence."
}
] |
O'Higgins was an impoverished farmhand from Chile.
| 0 | 0 |
Bernardo O'Higgins
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
}
] |
ygXejWxktWexw4rfe1s7
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act One",
"text": "Abigail angrily mocks John for denying his true feelings for her."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act One",
"text": "Parris becomes concerned that the event will cause him to be removed from his position as the town's preacher."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is regarded as a central work in the canon of American drama."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Four",
"text": "John says he is refusing to confess not out of religious conviction but through contempt for his accusers and the court."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act One",
"text": "The narrator speculates that the lack of civil liberties, isolation from civilization, and lack of stability in the colony caused latent internal tensions which would contribute to the events depicted in the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy",
"text": "In the 1953 essay, Journey to The Crucible, Miller writes of visiting Salem and feeling like the only one interested in what really happened in 1692."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical accuracy | Language of the period",
"text": "The people on whom the characters are based would have retained strong regional dialects from their home country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Crucible is a 1953 play by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Film",
"text": "1996 – The Crucible with a screenplay by Arthur Miller himself."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act Two",
"text": "John and Elizabeth are incredulous that nearly forty people have been arrested for witchcraft based on the pronouncements of Abigail and the other girls."
}
] |
The Crucible was a religious drama based on a true event.
| 0 | 1 |
The Crucible
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of \"Sir Thomas Malory\" in the late 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Sir Thomas inherited the family estate in 1434, but by 1450 he was fully engaged in a life of crime."
}
] |
yh9fUZW2Nj95Wk5i6h1Q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "This is taken as supporting evidence for the identification most widely accepted by scholars: that the author was the Thomas Malory born in the year 1416, to Sir John Malory of Newbold Revel, Warwickshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "The exact identity of the author of Le Morte d'Arthur has long been the subject of speculation, owing to the fact that at least six historical figures bore the name of \"Sir Thomas Malory\" in the late 15th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and themes | Book I (Caxton I–IV)",
"text": "According to Helen Cooper in Sir Thomas Malory: Le Morte D'arthur – The Winchester Manuscript, the prose style, which mimics historical documents of the time, lends an air of authority to the whole work."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Le Morte d'Arthur (originally spelled Le Morte Darthur, ungrammatical Middle French for \"The Death of Arthur\") is a 15th-century Middle English prose reworking by Sir Thomas Malory of tales about the legendary King Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot, Merlin and the Knights of the Round Table—along with their respective folklore."
},
{
"section_header": "History and sources",
"text": "Where the Canterbury Tales are in Middle English, Malory extends \"one hand to Chaucer, and one to Spenser\" by constructing a manuscript which is hard to place in one category."
},
{
"section_header": "History and sources",
"text": "Like other English prose in the 15th century, Le Morte d'Arthur was highly influenced by French writings, but Malory blends these with other English verse and prose forms."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | The work itself",
"text": "Le Morte Darthur by Sir Thomas Malory."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "It was during this final stint at Newgate Prison in London that he is believed to have written Le Morte d'Arthur."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis and themes | Book V (Caxton VIII–XII)",
"text": "Based on the French Prose Tristan, or a lost English adaptation of it (possibly also the Middle English verse romance Sir Tristrem), Malory's treatment of the legend of Tristan is the literal centerpiece of Le Morte d'Arthur as well as the longest of his eight books."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, this is one of the best-known works of Arthurian literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Authorship",
"text": "Sir Thomas inherited the family estate in 1434, but by 1450 he was fully engaged in a life of crime."
}
] |
The English prose reworking Le Morte d'Arthur by Sir Thomas Malory has some confusion over who is the author as there were at were six men who went by that name but mostly scholars believe it was the one born in 1416 as the other one around at the time was a thief.
| 1 | 7 |
Le Morte d'Arthur
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Married life",
"text": "Elizabeth and Alexander Hamilton had eight children, though there is often confusion because two sons were named Philip: Philip (1782–1801), died in a duel, just as his father would three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death",
"text": "Before the duel, Hamilton wrote a defense of his decision to duel while at the same time intending to \"throw away\" his shot."
}
] |
yhGnmVPj6R8bAqqFfBQP
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 – July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker, and economist."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Married life",
"text": "Elizabeth and Alexander Hamilton had eight children, though there is often confusion because two sons were named Philip: Philip (1782–1801), died in a duel, just as his father would three years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and memorials | Geographic sites",
"text": "Numerous American towns and cities, including Hamilton, Kansas; Hamilton, Missouri; Hamilton, Massachusetts; and Hamilton, Ohio; were named in honor of Alexander Hamilton."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death",
"text": "Before the duel, Hamilton wrote a defense of his decision to duel while at the same time intending to \"throw away\" his shot."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death",
"text": "After final visits from his family and friends and considerable suffering for at least 31 hours, Hamilton died at two o'clock the following afternoon, July 12, 1804, at Bayard's home just below the present Gansevoort Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "but Burr shot and mortally wounded Hamilton, who died the following day."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood in the Caribbean",
"text": "She contracted yellow fever and died on February 19, 1768, at 1:02 am, leaving Hamilton orphaned."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death",
"text": "Hamilton also refused the hairspring set of dueling pistols (needing less trigger pressure) offered by Nathaniel Pendleton."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death",
"text": "Coincidentally, the duel took place relatively close to the location of the duel that had ended the life of Hamilton's eldest son, Philip, three years earlier."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-secretary years | Duel with Burr and death",
"text": "Such affairs were often concluded prior to reaching their final stage, a duel."
}
] |
American statesman Alexander Hamilton died in a duel.
| 0 | 0 |
Alexander Hamilton
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Volpone (Italian for \"sly fox\") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable."
}
] |
yhHfwvh9icK9lPzgIN3k
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "Earlier in the century, critics had complained about the improbability of the fifth act, frequently likened to farce, and to Jonson's highly Latinate language."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Just before Corvino and Celia are due to arrive at Volpone's house, Corbaccio's son Bonario arrives to catch his father in the act of disinheriting him."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Nano – a dwarf, companion of Volpone Androgyno – a hermaphrodite, companion of Volpone Castrone – a eunuch, companion of Volpone"
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "Volpone was played by Tamás Major."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Believing that Volpone has been rendered impotent by his illness, Corvino offers his wife in order that, when he is revived, Volpone will recognise Corvino as his sole heir."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "To Volpone, Mosca mentions that Corvino has a beautiful wife, Celia."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Disguised as Scoto the Mountebank, Volpone goes to see Celia."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions",
"text": "At the same theatre in 1955, Eric Porter played Volpone."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "This version was used by George Antheil in his 1953 opera Volpone."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "Mosca guides Bonario to a sideroom, and Volpone and Celia are left alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Volpone (Italian for \"sly fox\") is a comedy play by English playwright Ben Jonson first produced in 1605–1606, drawing on elements of city comedy and beast fable."
}
] |
Volpone can be described as a comedic act.
| 0 | 5 |
Volpone
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "For example, in her senior year of high school, she wrote a piece called, \"Lulu's Wedding (A True Story)\" in which she recalled the wedding of a family serving girl."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Instead of romanticizing the event, she revealed the true, unromantic, arranged marriage that Lulu went through because the man would take her, even though he was much older."
}
] |
yhvoH21PFgLvZ7Z75o4J
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | College and marriage",
"text": "That summer Ruth fell deeply in love with Stanley as he began to visit her more, and accepted his proposal for marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "As a toddler, she contracted measles which left her partially deaf, which was not discovered until she began school."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Education and early career",
"text": "One student who felt especially fond of Ruth Benedict was Ruth Landes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College and marriage",
"text": "Over the next few years, Ruth took up many different jobs."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2005 Ruth Fulton Benedict was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Relationship with Margaret Mead",
"text": "Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict are considered the two most influential and famous anthropologists of their time."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College and marriage",
"text": "The girls were successful in school and entered Vassar College in September 1905 where Ruth thrived in an all-female atmosphere."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | College and marriage",
"text": "Nevertheless, Ruth explored her interests in college and found writing as her way of expressing herself as an \"intellectual radical\" as she was sometimes called by her classmates."
},
{
"section_header": "Career in anthropology | Education and early career",
"text": "When Boas retired in 1937, most of his students considered Ruth Benedict to be the obvious choice for the head of the anthropology department."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The 'Ruth Benedict Prize' has two categories, one for monographs by one writer and one for edited volumes."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "For example, in her senior year of high school, she wrote a piece called, \"Lulu's Wedding (A True Story)\" in which she recalled the wedding of a family serving girl."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "Instead of romanticizing the event, she revealed the true, unromantic, arranged marriage that Lulu went through because the man would take her, even though he was much older."
}
] |
Ruth Benedict supports marriage by contract.
| 2 | 4 |
Ruth Benedict
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 1973, Antonio Bibalo wrote an opera (revised in 1975) which has been performed over 160 times in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 1977, William Alwyn's opera, with an English libretto adapted from the play by the composer, was premiered as a BBC Radio 3 broadcast."
}
] |
yiii5JTDP0XUPp4nEExT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Miss Julie (Swedish: Fröken Julie) is a naturalistic play written in 1888 by August Strindberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "He tells a story of seeing Miss Julie many times as a child and loving her even then, but the truth of the story is later denied (there is good evidence both for and against its veracity)."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 1973, Antonio Bibalo wrote an opera (revised in 1975) which has been performed over 160 times in Germany."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "The work is widely known for its many adaptations."
},
{
"section_header": "Naturalism",
"text": "Miss Julie is not only successful as a naturalistic drama, but it is a play that has achieved the rare distinction of being performed on stages all over the world every year since it was written in 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 1977, William Alwyn's opera, with an English libretto adapted from the play by the composer, was premiered as a BBC Radio 3 broadcast."
},
{
"section_header": "Origins of the play",
"text": "For example, the first audiences were spared the shock of hearing Miss Julie, in an angry moment, compare making love to Jean to an act of bestiality.) With disastrous timing for new theater, the censors announced during the dress rehearsal that Miss Julie would be forbidden."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 1965, it was adapted as an opera by Ned Rorem to an English libretto by Kenward Elmslie."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 2005, it was adapted as an opera by Philippe Boesmans to a German libretto by Luc Bondy."
},
{
"section_header": "Performances and adaptations",
"text": "In 2018 it was adapted (in a contemporary reworking) as an opera Juliana by Joseph Phibbs to an English libretto by Laurie Slade."
}
] |
The 1888 play Miss Julie has been adapted many times including as an opera.
| 0 | 0 |
Miss Julie
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The campus is a popular tourist destination, with a visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army."
}
] |
yj4AJeTkeTAX8OD68Ytf
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "If a candidate is considered academically disqualified and not selected, he or she may receive an offer to attend to the United States Military Academy Preparatory School."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The academy traces its roots to 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish the United States Military Academy at West Point."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial period, founding, and early years",
"text": "In 1801, shortly after his inauguration as president, Thomas Jefferson directed that plans be set in motion to establish at West Point the United States Military Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The United States Military Academy (USMA), also known as West Point, Army, Army West Point, The Academy, or simply The Point, is a four-year federal service academy in West Point, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "Curriculum | Military",
"text": "Cadets also have the opportunity during their second, third and fourth summers to serve in active army units and military schools around the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "The majority of candidates receive a nomination from their United States Representative or Senator."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Admission requirements",
"text": "Some receive a nomination from the Vice President or even the President of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Cadet life | Life in the corps",
"text": "Cadets attend the United States Military Academy free of charge, with all tuition and board paid for by the Army in return for a service commitment of five years of active duty and three years of reserve status upon graduation."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable alumni",
"text": "Notable people An unofficial motto of the academy's history department is \"Much of the history we teach was made by people we taught.\" Graduates of the academy refer to themselves as \"The Long Gray Line,\" a phrase taken from the academy's traditional hymn \"The Corps."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Colonial period, founding, and early years",
"text": "The impending War of 1812 caused the United States Congress to authorize a more formal system of education at the academy and increased the size of the Corps of Cadets to 250."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The campus is a popular tourist destination, with a visitor center and the oldest museum in the United States Army."
}
] |
The United States Military Academy is visited by people.
| 0 | 0 |
United States Military Academy
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An icon of the \"swinging London\" era of the 1960s, she has received such accolades as an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award."
}
] |
yj7wOIO7jy6sMSRpbQ2x
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940) is a British actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Polley has said Christie liked the script but initially turned it down as she was ambivalent about acting."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She received the Academy Award for Best Actress and the BAFTA Award for Best British Actress in a Leading Role for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "On 22 January 2008, Christie received her fourth Oscar nomination for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role at the 80th Academy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "According to Life magazine, 1965 was \"The Year of Julie Christie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "An icon of the \"swinging London\" era of the 1960s, she has received such accolades as an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, and a Screen Actors Guild Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie received a third Oscar nomination for her role."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Her breakthrough role, however, was as Liz, the friend and would-be lover of the eponymous character played by Tom Courtenay in Billy Liar (1963), for which she received a BAFTA Award nomination."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1967, Time magazine said of her: \"What Julie Christie wears has more real impact on fashion than all the clothes of the ten best-dressed women"
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Don't Look Now in particular has received acclaim, with Christie nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, and in 2017 a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics for Time Out magazine ranked it the greatest British film ever."
}
] |
Julie Frances Christie has received at least 4 awards in her acting career.
| 1 | 6 |
Julie Christie
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Longfellow drew some of his material from his friendship with Ojibwe Chief Kahge-ga-gah-bowh, who would visit at Longfellow's home."
}
] |
yjfx4gJAaGzHfIUWiSFu
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Inspiration from the Finnish Kalevala",
"text": "\" Trochaic is not a correct descriptor for Ojibwe oratory, song, or storytelling, but Schoolcraft was writing long before the study of Native American linguistics had come of age."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Song of Hiawatha is an 1855 epic poem in trochaic tetrameter by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow which features Native American characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques",
"text": "Longfellow used Henry Rowe Schoolcraft as a source of Native American legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Inspiration from the Finnish Kalevala",
"text": "He was not the first American poet to use the trochaic (or tetrameter) in writing Indian romances."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Artistic use",
"text": "Her father was Haitian and her mother was Native American and African American."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Hiawatha and Kalevala: A Study of the Relationship between Longfellow's 'Indian Edda' and the Finnish Epic."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques | Indian words recorded by Longfellow",
"text": "Though the majority of the Native American words included in the text accurately reflect pronunciation and definitions, some words appear incomplete."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural response | Artistic use",
"text": "Early paintings were by artists who concentrated on authentic American Native subjects."
},
{
"section_header": "Folkloric and ethnographic critiques",
"text": "\"In his book on the development of the image of the Indian in American thought and literature, Pearce wrote about The Song of Hiawatha: It was Longfellow who fully realized for mid-nineteenth century Americans the possibility of [the] image of the noble savage."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication and plot",
"text": "Hiawatha and the chiefs accept the Christian message."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Longfellow drew some of his material from his friendship with Ojibwe Chief Kahge-ga-gah-bowh, who would visit at Longfellow's home."
}
] |
Friendly relationships with Native American chiefs inspired Longfellow to write The Song of Hiawatha.
| 2 | 4 |
The Song of Hiawatha
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "1716–1718: Norway",
"text": "The Norwegian campaigns were halted and the army withdrawn when Charles XII was shot dead while besieging Norwegian Fredriksten on 30 November 1718 (OS)."
}
] |
ymIitisUocVBZQAyIg6h
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "1710–1716: Sweden and Northern Germany",
"text": "Charles was then at war with much of Northern Europe, and Stralsund was doomed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In Sweden, the absolute monarchy had come to an end with the death of Charles XII, and Sweden's Age of Liberty began."
},
{
"section_header": "1710–1716: Sweden and Northern Germany",
"text": "In 1714, Charles XII returned from the Ottoman Empire, arriving in Stralsund in November."
},
{
"section_header": "1702–1710: Russia and the Baltic provinces",
"text": "This shattering defeat in 1709 did not end the war, although it decided it."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles XII moved from Saxony into Russia to confront Peter, but the campaign ended in 1709 with the destruction of the main Swedish army at the decisive Battle of Poltava (in present-day Ukraine) and Charles' exile in the Ottoman town of Bender."
},
{
"section_header": "1716–1718: Norway",
"text": "This resulted in Great Britain declaring war on Sweden in 1717."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The formal conclusion of the Great Northern War came with the Swedish-Hanoverian and Swedish-Prussian Treaties of Stockholm (1719), the Dano-Swedish Treaty of Frederiksborg (1720), and the Russo-Swedish Treaty of Nystad (1721)."
},
{
"section_header": "Opposing parties | Swedish camp",
"text": "During the war, the most important Swedish commanders besides Charles XII were his close friend Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, also Magnus Stenbock and Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles XII led the Swedish army."
},
{
"section_header": "1716–1718: Norway",
"text": "The Norwegian campaigns were halted and the army withdrawn when Charles XII was shot dead while besieging Norwegian Fredriksten on 30 November 1718 (OS)."
}
] |
The Great Northern War ended with Charles XII dying from pneumonia.
| 0 | 0 |
Great Northern War
|
Music
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
}
] |
ymLnkR5DVBKjRDVrONcC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life, friends, and collaborators",
"text": "His third wife, the artist Candy Jernigan, died of liver cancer in 1991, aged 39."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "At the age of 15, he entered an accelerated college program at the University of Chicago where he studied mathematics and philosophy."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1937–1964: Beginnings, early education and influences",
"text": "This openness to modern sounds affected Glass at an early age: My father was self-taught, but he ended up having a very refined and rich knowledge of classical, chamber, and contemporary music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1975–79: Another Look at Harmony: The Portrait Trilogy",
"text": "Glass also turned to other media; two multi-movement instrumental works for the Philip Glass Ensemble originated as music for film and TV: North Star (1977 score for the documentary North Star: Mark di Suvero by François de Menil and Barbara Rose) and four short cues for the children's TV series"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Philip Glass (born January 31, 1937) is an American composer and pianist."
}
] |
Philip Glass died in a car crash at the age of 72.
| 2 | 8 |
Philip Glass
|
Literature
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Troilus and Cressida () is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602."
}
] |
ymm1jbxar1toh0XljM1o
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Genre identification problems",
"text": "To Oates Troilus and Cressida is one of the most intriguing plays ever written, and in her opinion appears remarkably 'modern'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Troilus and Cressida () is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1602."
},
{
"section_header": "Performance history | Modern revivals",
"text": "He stated that Troilus and Cressida pine for each other, like their more famous counterparts, and share a passionate evening, the morning after which Troilus is eager to leave."
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The play is believed to have been written around 1602, shortly after the completion of Hamlet."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre identification problems",
"text": "A famous 19th century literary critic named Frederick S. Boas argued that Troilus and Cressida (along with Measure for Measure"
},
{
"section_header": "Date and text",
"text": "The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid, but the First Folio classed it with the tragedies, under the title The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida."
},
{
"section_header": "Genre identification problems",
"text": "The confusing nature of Troilus and Cressida made it hard for readers to understand the play."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Synopsis",
"text": "As he attempts to visit her in the Greek camp, Troilus glimpses Diomedes flirting with his beloved Cressida, and decides to avenge her perfidy."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Act 4 | Scene 5",
"text": "In the Greek camp, the newly arrived Cressida is greeted by all the Greek commanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The play ends on a very bleak note with the death of the noble Trojan Hector and destruction of the love between Troilus and Cressida."
}
] |
Troilus and Cressida is a famous Greek Play written by Sophocles.
| 1 | 4 |
Troilus and Cressida
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Jackson found The Return of the King the easiest of the films to make, because it contained the climax of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critics consensus reads, \"Visually breathtaking and emotionally powerful, The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King is a moving and satisfying conclusion to a great trilogy."
}
] |
ymoldQUMv8ovPtJH6mjV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson, based on the third volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "The Return of the King also has practical effects."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critics consensus reads, \"Visually breathtaking and emotionally powerful, The Lord of the Rings - The Return of the King is a moving and satisfying conclusion to a great trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The main criticism of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King was its running time, particularly the epilogue; even rave reviews for the film commented on its length."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was highly acclaimed by critics and fans alike, who considered it to be a landmark in filmmaking and the fantasy film genre."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "Worldwide, it is the 24th highest-grossing film of all time when not adjusted for inflation, the highest-grossing film of 2003, the second highest-grossing film of the 2000s, the highest-grossing instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, and the highest-grossing film ever to be released by New Line Cinema."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "In the US and Canada, it is the 27th highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing 2003 film, and the highest-grossing instalment in The Lord of the Rings trilogy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film is the final instalment in the Lord of the Rings trilogy and was produced by Barrie M. Osborne, Jackson and Fran Walsh, and written by Walsh, Philippa Boyens and Jackson."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Jackson found The Return of the King the easiest of the films to make, because it contained the climax of the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Return of the King was financed and distributed by American studio New Line Cinema, but filmed and edited entirely in Jackson's native New Zealand, concurrently with the other two parts of the trilogy."
}
] |
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King is a 2003 epic fantasy adventure film that had some practical effects, and the easiest of the trilogy to produce while viewers and critics alike agree that it is one of the rare and spectacular endings in cinema.
| 0 | 0 |
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Members | Former",
"text": "Axl Rose – lead and occasional backing vocals, piano, percussion (1985–present) Duff McKagan – bass guitar, backing and occasional lead vocals (1985–1997, 2016–present) Slash – lead and rhythm guitars, occasional backing vocals (1985–1996, 2016–present) Dizzy Reed – keyboards, piano, backing vocals, percussion (1990–present) Richard Fortus – rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (2002–present) Frank Ferrer – drums, percussion, occasional backing vocals (2006–present) Melissa Reese – synthesizers, keyboards, backing vocals, sub-bass, programming (2016–present) See List of Guns N' Roses members"
}
] |
yn1AKtYKQErcFfH0xg23
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "Describing why he continued using the Guns N' Roses name, instead of labeling the upcoming album an 'Axl Rose solo album', Rose stated \"It is something I lived by before these guys were in it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "It's not an Axl Rose album, even if it's what I wanted it to be."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy, style, influence, and criticism",
"text": "Guns N' Roses signed with a major record label within eight months of the band's inception, and topped national sales charts weeks after garnering late hours airplay on MTV."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Background of new album",
"text": "A new Guns N' Roses album had reportedly been in the works since 1994, with Rose the only original member still in the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "In 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L.A. Guns member Tracii Guns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | International success and band turmoil (1990–1993) | Use Your Illusion Tour",
"text": "On VH1's Behind the Music documentary about Metallica, Hetfield stated that \"We couldn't relate to Axl and his attitude.\" Other members of Metallica and Rose stated that the groups were not friendly."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Title announcement and touring, tour cancellation and member departures",
"text": "At the time, Sean Beavan was producing, but Caram Costanzo and Axl Rose became the final credited producers on the album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Guns recalled the formation of the band in a 2019 interview, stating: \"Axl got into an argument with our manager and our manager fired Axl"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "Sorum said that It's Five O'Clock Somewhere, the debut album from Slash's band Slash's Snakepit, \"could have been a Guns N' Roses album, but Axl didn't think it was good enough\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Members | Former",
"text": "Axl Rose – lead and occasional backing vocals, piano, percussion (1985–present) Duff McKagan – bass guitar, backing and occasional lead vocals (1985–1997, 2016–present) Slash – lead and rhythm guitars, occasional backing vocals (1985–1996, 2016–present) Dizzy Reed – keyboards, piano, backing vocals, percussion (1990–present) Richard Fortus – rhythm and lead guitars, backing vocals (2002–present) Frank Ferrer – drums, percussion, occasional backing vocals (2006–present) Melissa Reese – synthesizers, keyboards, backing vocals, sub-bass, programming (2016–present) See List of Guns N' Roses members"
}
] |
Axl Roses has been the only constant Guns and Roses band member since their inception.
| 2 | 5 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516."
}
] |
ynJlhfxg8sC6OVk4wFX3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism | The Peach Blossom Spring",
"text": "Eventually, the Chinese term Peach Blossom Spring came to be synonymous for the concept of utopia."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Religious utopias",
"text": "new heavens and a new earth./The former things will not be remembered,/nor will they come to mind\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology | Interpretations and definitions",
"text": "- - Alphonse De Lamartine None of the abstract concepts comes closer to fulfilled utopia than that of eternal peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Ecological",
"text": "According to the Dutch philosopher Marius de Geus, ecological utopias could be inspirational sources for movements involving green politics."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The term was coined by Sir Thomas More for his 1516 book Utopia, describing a fictional island society in the south Atlantic Ocean off the coast of South America."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "“Utopia” comes from Greek: οὐ (“not”) and τόπος (“place”) which translates as “no-place” and literally means any non-existent society, when ‘described in considerable detail’."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Utopianism | The Land of Cockaigne",
"text": "The Land of Cockaigne (also Cockaygne, Cokaygne), was an imaginary land of idleness and luxury, famous in medieval stories and the subject of several poems, one of which, an early translation of a 13th-century French work, is given in George Ellis' Specimens of Early English Poets."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "In his original work, More carefully pointed out the similarity of utopia to eutopia, which is from Greek: εὖ (“good” or “well”) and τόπος (“place”), hence eutopia means “good place”, which ostensibly would be the more appropriate term for the concept the word “utopia” has in modern English."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "The Commonwealth of Oceana, published in 1656, inspired English country-party republicanism (1680s to 1740s) and became influential in the design of three American colonies."
},
{
"section_header": "Varieties | Economics",
"text": "The back-to-the-land movements and hippies inspired many to try to live in peace and harmony on farms or in remote areas and to set up new types of governance."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The word utopia was coined from Ancient Greek by Sir Thomas More in 1516."
}
] |
The inspiration for the term Utopia comes from early Greece.
| 0 | 0 |
Utopia
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Allusions to historical events",
"text": "The opening event in Lord Jim may have been based in part on an actual abandonment of a ship."
}
] |
ynKP1jUALYh3VHAMHkl6
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Jim: Young parson's son who takes to the sea, training for the merchant service as steam ships mix with sailing ships."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Recovered from an injury, Jim seeks a position on the Patna, a steamer serving the transport of 800 \"pilgrims of an exacting belief\" to a port on the Red Sea."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references to Lord Jim in other works",
"text": "Lord Jim is referenced in the final section of Herman Wouk's 1951 novel The Caine Mutiny as the captain of the Caine struggles to come to terms with his own decision to abandon ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions and references to Lord Jim in other works",
"text": "The Disney motion picture, Spooner, used the story of Lord Jim as a shadow and point of comparison for the dilemmas faced by the movie's main character, Harry Spooner/Michael Norlan (played by Robert Urich)."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Captain Gustav: Captain of the Patna, an Australian born in Germany, who is interested in the money made from this ship, with no concern for his honour as a captain."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Ship's engineers: Three men who keep the steam boiler working; one is George, who dies of a heart attack on the Patna as the others leave the ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The captain thinks the ship will sink, and Jim agrees, but wants to put the passengers on the few boats before that can happen."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to historical events",
"text": "The opening event in Lord Jim may have been based in part on an actual abandonment of a ship."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Tamb' Itam: Malay servant and loyal bodyguard to Jim. Captain Brown: A cruel captain of a latter-day pirate crew, who kills because he can, and is not a success in life."
},
{
"section_header": "Allusions to historical events",
"text": "The pilgrims were left to their fate, and apparently certain death."
}
] |
The steam ship and its 800 pilgrims in Lord Jim, which the main character lets wreck alongside its captain, was a pure invention of the author.
| 2 | 4 |
Lord Jim
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Business and philanthropy",
"text": "He has written two books: Ode to Happiness and Shadows, both of which are collaborations with Grant; he provided the text to her photographs and art."
}
] |
ynSnJnmmqQ0BTUH7mHEv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "In the media",
"text": "The images were posted on the 4chan discussion board and were soon distributed via several blogs and media outlets, leading to the \"Sad Keanu\" meme being spread on the internet."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2013: Thrillers, documentaries and directorial debut",
"text": "Rebecca Miller's The Private Lives of Pippa Lee was Reeves' sole release of 2009, which premiered at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–1998: Continued acting efforts",
"text": "Based on Andrew Neiderman's novel of the same name, the feature is about a successful young lawyer invited to New York City to work for a major firm, who discovers the owner of the firm is a devil."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (texts by); Grant, Alexandra (photographs by) (2014)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Shadows: A Collaborative Project by Alexandra Grant and Keanu Reeves."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Reeves, Keanu (text by); Grant, Alexandra (drawings by, book design by) (2011)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2014–present",
"text": "His next release, the comedy Keanu, was better received."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "When asked by Stephen Colbert about his views on what happens after death, Reeves replied, \"I know that the ones who love us will miss us\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2005–2013: Thrillers, documentaries and directorial debut",
"text": "Based on the novel of the same name by Philip K. Dick, the film was a box office failure."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1995–1998: Continued acting efforts",
"text": "Sunday Times critic Roger Lewis believed his performance, writing he \"quite embodied the innocence, the splendid fury, the animal grace of the leaps and bounds, the emotional violence, that form the Prince of Denmark ... He is one of the top three Hamlets I have seen, for a simple reason: he is Hamlet\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Business and philanthropy",
"text": "He has written two books: Ode to Happiness and Shadows, both of which are collaborations with Grant; he provided the text to her photographs and art."
}
] |
Keanu Reeves has not authored any novels, rather relying on his acting career as his sole creative outlet.
| 3 | 4 |
Keanu Reeves
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rodney Cline Carew (born October 1, 1945) is a Panamanian former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman, second baseman and coach who played from 1967 to 1985 for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels."
}
] |
ynXhOSsxrsT90YkrSY5i
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "On January 19, 2004, Panama City's National Stadium was renamed \"Rod Carew Stadium\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "After the season, Rod Carew was granted free agency, after the Angels declined to offer him a new contract, but he received no offers from other teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "The Angels went to the playoffs in 1982, which was Carew's fourth and final appearance in postseason play."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "When one daughter, Michelle, died at age 18, services were held at Beth Shalom, and she was buried in the family plot at the United Hebrew Brotherhood Cemetery in Richfield, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis, where Rod Carew played for the Minnesota Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Outside baseball | Confusion over conversion to Judaism",
"text": "But guess who is: Hall of Famer Rod Carew. -"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "a painter. Carew is a Zonian and was born to a Panamanian mother on a train in the town of Gatún, which, at that time, was in the Panama Canal Zone."
},
{
"section_header": "After retirement",
"text": "Carew moved to the community of Anaheim Hills, California while playing with the Angels and remained there after his retirement."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Instead, Carew played semi-pro baseball for the Bronx Cavaliers, which is where he was discovered by Minnesota Twins' scout Monroe Katz (whose son, Steve, played with Carew on the Cavaliers)."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | California Angels",
"text": "He played in 138 games that year and hit .319."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "the AL batting title was renamed to the Rod Carew American League batting title."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rodney Cline Carew (born October 1, 1945) is a Panamanian former Major League Baseball (MLB) first baseman, second baseman and coach who played from 1967 to 1985 for the Minnesota Twins and the California Angels."
}
] |
Rod Carew is from Panama and played for the Twins and the Angels.
| 0 | 0 |
Rod Carew
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye (or Tevye the Dairyman) and his Daughters, a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century."
}
] |
ynYkWDsERXby17E8Z54E
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof is a musical with music by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and book by Joseph Stein, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia in or around 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye (or Tevye the Dairyman) and his Daughters, a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society published a musical theatre and album parody of Fiddler on the Roof called A Shoggoth on the Roof, which incorporates the works of H. P. Lovecraft."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "with an all-black cast dressed in Fiddler on the Roof costumes singing \"It's Hard to Be Jewish in Russia, Yo\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Covers",
"text": "For example, in 1964, jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded the album Fiddler on the Roof, which featured jazz arrangements of eight songs from the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural influence | Parodies",
"text": "In 2001, Chicago's Improv Olympic produced a well-received parody, \"The Roof Is on Fiddler\", that used most of the original book of the musical but replaced the songs with 1980's pop songs."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The show found the right balance for its time, even if not entirely authentic, to become \"one of the first popular post-Holocaust depictions of the vanished world of Eastern European Jewry\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered \"too Jewish\" to attract mainstream audiences."
},
{
"section_header": "Productions | Other notable US productions",
"text": "Topol in 'Fiddler on the Roof': The Farewell Tour opened on January 20, 2009, in Wilmington, Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Background",
"text": "The writers and Robbins considered naming the musical Tevye, before landing on a title suggested by various paintings by Marc Chagall (Green Violinist (1924), Le Mort (1924), The Fiddler (1912)) that also inspired the original set design."
}
] |
The musical Fiddler on the Roof, set in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, was first published as ballads.
| 0 | 0 |
Fiddler on the Roof
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Films",
"text": "Moulin Rouge Dancers 1&2 (1898) – USA – silent film about the Moulin Rouge"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film",
"text": "A Night at the Moulin Rouge (1951) is a film (also circulated under the title Ding Dong!) of burlesque acts of the Moulin Rouge club in Oakland, California"
}
] |
yniuFdFpU6ug6Iyu26bT
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Enterprises",
"text": "The Moulin Rouge in Paris was a source of inspiration for: Moulin Rouge Hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Greatest moments",
"text": "The early years of the Moulin Rouge are marked by extravagant shows, inspired by the circus, and attractions that are still famous such as Pétomane."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Creation and early success",
"text": "Japonism, an artistic movement inspired by the Orient, with Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec as its most brilliant disciple, was also at its height."
},
{
"section_header": "Books | About Moulin Rouge and its characters",
"text": "Toulouse-Lautrec : The Moulin Rouge And The City Of Light, Paris (2003), by Robert Burleigh –"
},
{
"section_header": "Books | About Moulin Rouge and its characters",
"text": "Publisher: Youpeka Moulin Rouge, a novel based on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (1950), by Pierre La Mure –"
},
{
"section_header": "Books | About Moulin Rouge and its characters",
"text": "Publisher: Random House Jane Avril of the Moulin Rouge (1954), by Jose Shercliff – Publisher : Macrae Smith Co"
},
{
"section_header": "Books | About Moulin Rouge and its characters",
"text": "Le Pétomane 1857–1945 a tribute to the unique act which shook and shattered the Moulin-Rouge (1967), By Jean Nohain and François Caradec – Publisher : Souvenir Press"
},
{
"section_header": "Films",
"text": "Moulin Rouge Dancers 1&2 (1898) – USA – silent film about the Moulin Rouge"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Stage adaptations",
"text": "The 2018 musical Moulin Rouge!"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Greatest moments",
"text": "In many other countries imitation \"Moulin Rouges\" and"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Film",
"text": "A Night at the Moulin Rouge (1951) is a film (also circulated under the title Ding Dong!) of burlesque acts of the Moulin Rouge club in Oakland, California"
}
] |
The Moulin Rouge has not inspired any movies.
| 0 | 0 |
Moulin Rouge
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "His father, John Cochrane, had immigrated from Omagh, County Tyrone in what is now Northern Ireland and his mother, Sadie Campbell,"
}
] |
ynzIhFm5SzgrnitbXraK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gordon Stanley \"Mickey\" Cochrane (April 6, 1903 – June 28, 1962), nicknamed \"Black Mike\", was an American professional baseball player, manager and coach."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Philadelphia Athletics",
"text": "His father, John Cochrane, had immigrated from Omagh, County Tyrone in what is now Northern Ireland and his mother, Sadie Campbell,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane's career batting average (.320) stood as a record for MLB catchers until 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cochrane's career ended abruptly after a near-fatal head injury from a pitched ball in 1937."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "Cochrane's leadership and strategic skills won him the 1934 Most Valuable Player Award, remarkable considering that Lou Gehrig had won the Triple Crown."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "Long after the Athletics left Philadelphia for Kansas City in 1954 without retiring his uniform number 2, the Philadelphia Phillies honored him by electing him to the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame at Veterans Stadium, although the Athletics' plaques from that display have been moved to the Philadelphia Athletics Museum in Hatboro, Pennsylvania."
}
] |
Gordon Stanley "Mickey" Cochrane's father moved from England in 1900.
| 3 | 3 |
Mickey Cochrane
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in the 1939."
}
] |
yo8OdY0An84aRXjcZHT7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "According to Halberstadt, Wolfe's later books (including The Web and the Rock) were \"not really written by Wolfe in the usual sense but were predominantly the work of... Aswell.\" Aswell removed the entire first section (covering Webber's ancestors) and later published this as a separate work, The Hills Beyond."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Thus, The Web and the Rock was very heavily edited by Aswell."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "\"Leo Gurko, in his book Thomas Wolfe: Beyond the Romantic Ego, wrote of the book \"Read, as it should be, as an intensely articulated mural, first of the provincial and then, climatically, of the urban landscape, it not only does not suffer by comparison with its famous predecessor, but is not to be compared [with anything else]\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Web and the Rock is an American bildungsroman novel by Thomas Wolfe, published posthumously in the 1939."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "Wolfe believed that the book represented an artistic evolution for him, which is why he changed the name of the protagonist from Eugene Gant to George Webber, who was also more mature and aware than Gant."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The book, which like all of Wolfe's major works mirrors Wolfe's own life experience, takes Webber from a Southern small-town boyhood to college (with its escape from the \"web\" of family ties), to New York City where he seeks the meaning of life and attempts to establish himself as a novelist, engages in a stormy affair with the sophisticated married woman Esther Jack (based on Wolfe's real-life affair with Aline Bernstein), goes to Europe, is disillusioned by Hitler's rise to power, and dreams of returning to his home town, but realizes that he can't recapture the past: the book's ending words are the title of his next novel – \"you can't go home again.\" My sister and I were brave and beautiful as children."
},
{
"section_header": "Creation",
"text": "Kirkus Reviews described The Web and the Rock as a further example of Wolfe's \"utter inability to select and discard, his obsession with himself and his actions and motives and emotional turmoils\" coupled with his \"queer streak of genius\", resulting in a \"turgid outpouring of his own emotional life, put into fictional form\" which demonstrates \"the same weaknesses, even more sharply emphasized, and the same sense of power that made his earlier work memorable\"."
}
] |
The author of The Web and the Rock book passed away before his book was released to the public.
| 1 | 2 |
The Web and the Rock
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "Lyons resigned as manager in October 1948.Lyons coached the pitchers for the Detroit Tigers (1949–52) and Brooklyn Dodgers (1954)."
}
] |
yolkbQgpUvKUq85VVj9a
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Theodore Amar Lyons (December 28, 1900 – July 25, 1986) was an American professional baseball starting pitcher, manager and coach in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "Lyons resigned as manager in October 1948.Lyons coached the pitchers for the Detroit Tigers (1949–52) and Brooklyn Dodgers (1954)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He played in 21 MLB seasons, all with the Chicago White Sox."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lyons won 20 or more games three times (in 1925, 1927, and 1930) and became a fan favorite in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Playing career",
"text": "Lyons was at his crafty best in 1930, when he posted a 22–15 record and A.L.-leading totals of 29 complete games and 297⅔ innings for a team that finished 62–92."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "Lyons succeeded Dykes as the White Sox manager in May 1946 after an apparent contract dispute between Dykes and Grace Comiskey."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Managing and coaching career",
"text": "He had less success as a manager than he had as a player, guiding them to a meager 185–245 record."
}
] |
Ted Lyons became a coach for the MLB in 1948.
| 1 | 6 |
Ted Lyons
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was offered a contract by the minor league Kansas City Blues for $135 a month, more money than his father was making."
}
] |
yonE97w8HpEjyTHadb9N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Brooklyn years (1912–1917)",
"text": "A holdout ensued, together with a war of words waged in the press."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "so Louis could take an insurance job."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Brooklyn years (1912–1917)",
"text": "\" Stengel, mostly playing right field, hit .279 with eight home runs, one less than the team leader in that category, Wheat."
},
{
"section_header": "The Amazins': Casey and the Mets (1962–1965) | Hiring and 1962 season",
"text": "The team was less successful on the field, finishing with a record of 40–120, the most losses of any 20th century major league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early managerial career (1925–1948) | Minor leagues (1925–1931)",
"text": "The team recovered for third in 1930, but by then both Stengel and the team (in which he had invested) were having financial problems due to the start of the Great Depression."
},
{
"section_header": "Glory days: Yankee dynasty (1949–1960) | Hiring and 1949 season",
"text": "The Yankees won Game 3, and during Game 4, a Yankee victory, Stengel left the dugout to shout to catcher Yogi Berra to throw the ball to second base, which Berra did to catch Pee Wee Reese trying to take an extra base."
},
{
"section_header": "The Amazins': Casey and the Mets (1962–1965) | Hiring and 1962 season",
"text": "Stengel was successful in selling the team to some extent, as the Mets drew 900,000 fans, half again as many as the Giants had prior to their departure, though the games against the Giants and Dodgers accounted for half of the total."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Pittsburgh and Philadelphia (1918–1921)",
"text": "Both wanted to see Stengel traded, but no deal was immediately made."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Brooklyn years (1912–1917)",
"text": "Stengel made his MLB debut at Brooklyn's Washington Park on September 17, 1912, as the starting center fielder, and went 4–4 with a walk, two stolen bases and two tie-breaking runs batted in, leading seventh-place Brooklyn to a 7–3 win over the Pirates."
},
{
"section_header": "The Amazins': Casey and the Mets (1962–1965) | Hiring and 1962 season",
"text": "or you'll have a lot of passed balls\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was offered a contract by the minor league Kansas City Blues for $135 a month, more money than his father was making."
}
] |
Casey's wage for playing ball for the team based in Missouri would have been less than his dad made selling insurance.
| 1 | 4 |
Casey Stengel
|
History
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life as a slave | Birth family",
"text": "Douglass claimed that his mother Harriet Bailey gave him his grand name and, after escaping to the North years later, he took the surname Douglass, having already dropped his two middle names."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman."
}
] |
yoqY0FKIHs3Ifkx7h6bC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher",
"text": "After meeting and staying with Nathan and Mary Johnson, they adopted Douglass as their married name: Douglass had grown up using his mother's surname of Bailey; after escaping slavery he had changed his surname first to Stanley and then to Johnson."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "The Frederick Douglass Memorial Bridge, sometimes referred to as the South Capitol Street Bridge, just south of the US Capitol in Washington DC, was built in 1950 and named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Abolitionist and preacher | Return to the United States",
"text": "Douglass's change of opinion about the Constitution and his splitting from Garrison around 1847 became one of the abolitionist movement's most notable divisions."
},
{
"section_header": "Life as a slave | Birth family",
"text": "Douglass claimed that his mother Harriet Bailey gave him his grand name and, after escaping to the North years later, he took the surname Douglass, having already dropped his two middle names."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the Civil War, Douglass remained an active campaigner against slavery and wrote his last autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante named Frederick Douglass to his list of 100 Greatest African Americans."
},
{
"section_header": "In pop culture | Literature",
"text": "In this history, Frederick Douglass (along with Harriet Tubman) is the revered Founder of a Black state created in the Deep South."
},
{
"section_header": "Religious views",
"text": "He described this approach in his last biography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: I was not more than thirteen years old, when in my loneliness and destitution I longed for some one to whom I could go, as to a father and protector."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and honors",
"text": "On January 7, 2015, as a parting gift in honor of Governor Martin O'Malley's last Board of Public Works a portrait of Frederick Douglass was gifted to him by Peter Franchot."
},
{
"section_header": "Life as a slave | Birth family",
"text": "After separation from his mother during infancy, young Frederick lived with his maternal grandmother Betsy Bailey, who was also a slave, and his maternal grandfather Isaac, who was free."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey; c. February 1818 – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman."
}
] |
Frederick Douglass's last name at birth was Stanley but changed it when he left the south.
| 4 | 7 |
Frederick Douglass
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (UK: , US: ; Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi] (listen); 4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, and Roman Catholic priest."
}
] |
ypLVZmmjgp80alaFtJ5X
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Later life and death",
"text": "Some of his later operas were created in collaboration with two of Italy's major writers of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Opera impresario",
"text": "While Vivaldi certainly composed many operas in his time, he never attained the prominence of other great composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti, Johann Adolph Hasse, Leonardo Leo, and Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced by his inability to keep a production running for an extended period of time in any major opera house."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogs of Vivaldi works",
"text": "Compositions by Vivaldi are identified today by RV number, the number assigned by Danish musicologist Peter Ryom in works published mostly in the 1970s, such as the \"Ryom-Verzeichnis\" or \"Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogs of Vivaldi works",
"text": "Scholarly work intended to increase the accuracy and variety of Vivaldi performances also supported new discoveries which made old catalogs incomplete."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogs of Vivaldi works",
"text": "This cataloging work was led by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, where Gian Francesco Malipiero was both the director and the editor of the published scores (Edizioni G. Ricordi)."
},
{
"section_header": "Catalogs of Vivaldi works",
"text": "Combined Complete Edition (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common in the work of Italian groups driving the mid-20th century revival of Vivaldi, such as Gli Accademici di Milano under Piero Santi."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Childhood",
"text": "Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso Vivaldi, Margarita Gabriela Vivaldi, Cecilia Maria Vivaldi, Francesco Gaetano Vivaldi, and Zanetta Anna Vivaldi."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Opera impresario",
"text": "It proved most profitable for Vivaldi."
},
{
"section_header": "Works",
"text": "Vivaldi wrote more than 500 other concertos."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | At the Ospedale della Pietà",
"text": "He was a musician himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (UK: , US: ; Italian: [anˈtɔːnjo ˈluːtʃo viˈvaldi] (listen); 4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian Baroque musical composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, and Roman Catholic priest."
}
] |
Vivaldi was a writer of great novels.
| 0 | 0 |
Antonio Vivaldi
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Delegations",
"text": "The peace negotiations had no exact beginning and ending, because the 109 delegations never met in a plenary session."
},
{
"section_header": "Delegations",
"text": "Instead, various delegations arrived between 1643 and 1646 and left between 1647 and 1649."
}
] |
ypnM9kXkHnzgrlJTpohL
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "The main peace negotiations took place in Westphalia, in the neighboring cities of Münster and Osnabrück."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "In Münster, negotiations took place between the Holy Roman Empire and France, as well as between the Dutch Republic and Spain who on 30 January 1648 signed a peace treaty, that was not part of the Peace of Westphalia."
},
{
"section_header": "Locations",
"text": "Peace negotiations between France and the Habsburgs began in Cologne in 1641."
},
{
"section_header": "Results | Internal political boundaries",
"text": "The rulers of the Imperial States could henceforth choose their own official religions."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Nevertheless, the Peace of Westphalia did settle many outstanding European issues of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Peace of Westphalia (German: Westfälischer Friede) were two peace treaties signed in October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster."
},
{
"section_header": "Delegations",
"text": "The peace negotiations had no exact beginning and ending, because the 109 delegations never met in a plenary session."
},
{
"section_header": "Results | Internal political boundaries",
"text": "Catholics and Protestants were redefined as equal before the law, and Calvinism was given legal recognition as an official religion."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Westphalian sovereignty",
"text": "Although scholars have challenged the association with the Peace of Westphalia, the debate is still structured around the concept of Westphalian sovereignty."
},
{
"section_header": "Results | Tenets",
"text": "The main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia were: All parties would recognise the Peace of Augsburg of 1555, in which each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state (the principle of cuius regio, eius religio)."
},
{
"section_header": "Delegations",
"text": "Instead, various delegations arrived between 1643 and 1646 and left between 1647 and 1649."
}
] |
There wasn't really an official start or finish to the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia.
| 0 | 0 |
Peace of Westphalia
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot",
"text": "The underside consists of a muscular foot, which has adapted to different purposes in different classes."
}
] |
yqJKOfpeyb04UJnhgYbH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot",
"text": "In forms having only a top shell, such as limpets, the foot acts as a sucker attaching the animal to a hard surface, and the vertical muscles clamp the shell down over it; in other molluscs, the vertical muscles pull the foot and other exposed soft parts into the shell."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot",
"text": "In bivalves, the foot is adapted for burrowing into the sediment; in cephalopods it is used for jet propulsion, and the tentacles and arms are derived from the foot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The members are known as molluscs or mollusks ()."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot",
"text": "The foot carries a pair of statocysts, which act as balance sensors."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Foot",
"text": "The underside consists of a muscular foot, which has adapted to different purposes in different classes."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Phylogeny",
"text": "Scientists disagree about this: Giribet and colleagues concluded, in 2006, the repetition of gills and of the foot's retractor muscles were later developments, while in 2007, Sigwart concluded the ancestral mollusc was metameric, and it had a foot used for creeping and a \"shell\" that was mineralized."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The words mollusc and mollusk are both derived from the French mollusque, which originated from the Latin molluscus, from mollis, soft."
},
{
"section_header": "Human interaction | Uses by humans",
"text": "\"Mollusc shells, including those of cowries, were used as a kind of money (shell money) in several preindustrial societies."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Respiration",
"text": "Their filaments have three kinds of cilia, one of which drives the water current through the mantle cavity, while the other two help to keep the gills clean."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Eating, digestion, and excretion",
"text": "Periodically, circular muscles at the hindgut's entrance pinch off and excrete a piece of the prostyle, preventing the prostyle from growing too large."
}
] |
Underneath a mollusk is a kind of muscle foot.
| 1 | 1 |
Mollusca
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Façade and entrance",
"text": "This narrow way of access to such a large structure has proven to be hazardous at times."
}
] |
yqeZtJ3GhqCrzNFLvqLA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Description | Façade and entrance",
"text": "For example, when a fire broke out in 1840, dozens of pilgrims were trampled to death."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Façade and entrance",
"text": "This narrow way of access to such a large structure has proven to be hazardous at times."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Façade and entrance",
"text": "The wooden doors that compose the main entrance are the original, highly carved arched doors."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo",
"text": "None of these controls the main entrance."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Catholicon",
"text": "In the central nave of the Crusader-era church, just east of the larger rotunda, is the Crusader structure housing the main altar of the Church, today the Greek Orthodox catholicon."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Calvary (Golgotha)",
"text": "Just inside the church entrance is a stairway leading up to Calvary (Golgotha), traditionally regarded as the site of Jesus' crucifixion and the most lavishly decorated part of the church."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Stone of Anointing",
"text": "To the right of the entrance is a wall along the ambulatory containing the staircase leading to Golgotha."
},
{
"section_header": "Status Quo",
"text": "The wooden doors that compose the main entrance are the original, highly carved doors."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Façade and entrance",
"text": "The entrance to the church is in the south transept, through the crusader façade, in the parvis of a larger courtyard."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Parvis (courtyard)",
"text": "North of the parvis, in front of the church façade or against it: Chapel of the Franks—a blue-domed Roman Catholic Crusader chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Sorrows, which once provided exclusive access to Calvary."
}
] |
The main entrance of the Church provided a narrow passage to the large structure which lead to the death dozens of pilgrims in 1840.
| 0 | 0 |
Church of the Holy Sepulchre
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures."
}
] |
yqlQTU9yyw3oJRYoYErp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War was the first film released in Phase Three of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on April 23, 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "In September 2014, TNT acquired the cable broadcast rights for Captain America: Civil War to air two years after its theatrical release."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on September 2, 2016, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and DVD on September 13, 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Theatrical",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War premiered at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood on April 12, 2016, and was screened at CinemaCon 2016 on April 13."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | United States and Canada",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War earned $75.5 million on its opening day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War held its world premiere in Los Angeles on April 12, 2016, and was released in the United States on May 6, as the first film in Phase Three of the MCU."
},
{
"section_header": "Marketing | Promotion",
"text": "In one program, Everhart discusses events leading to Captain America: Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Future",
"text": "According to Feige, Civil War is the conclusion of the Captain America trilogy that began with The First Avenger."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Captain America: Civil War is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures."
}
] |
Captain America: Civil War released in 2015.
| 1 | 2 |
Captain America: Civil War
|
Popular Culture
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British and American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "received seven Academy Award nominations, including a record-tying five consecutive nominations (1941–45) in the Best Actress category, winning the award for her performance in the title role of the 1942 film Mrs. Miniver."
}
] |
yr6uQJE3DMJv2Z2zkVoC
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Colman was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Random Harvest, but Garson could not be nominated for hers as she was already nominated for her title role in Mrs. Miniver."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "received seven Academy Award nominations, including a record-tying five consecutive nominations (1941–45) in the Best Actress category, winning the award for her performance in the title role of the 1942 film Mrs. Miniver."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Set at the end of World War I, with Ronald Colman as an amnesiac soldier and Greer Garson as his love interest, Random Harvest received seven Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Eileen Evelyn Greer Garson (29 September 1904 – 6 April 1996) was a British and American actress and singer."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "She received her first Oscar nomination for the role but lost to Vivien Leigh for Gone with the Wind."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Garson won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1942 for her role as a strong British wife and mother protecting the homefront during World War II in Mrs. Miniver."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1942, Garson also co-starred in the powerful, dramatic film Random Harvest with Academy Award winner Ronald Colman."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Garson also received Oscar nominations for her performances in the films Madame Curie (1943), Mrs. Parkington (1944), and The Valley of Decision (1945)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "It lost to Mrs. Miniver, Garson's other major film that year."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "While in Castlewellan, David Greer lived in a large detached house built on the lower part of what was known as Pig Street, or locally known as the Back Way, near Shilliday's builder's yard."
}
] |
The British and American actress and singer Greer Garson received seven Academy Award nominations and is known for her roles in Mrs. Miniver, Random Harvest and Gone with the Wind.
| 4 | 7 |
Greer Garson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 1850s, Douglas was one of the foremost advocates of popular sovereignty, which held that each territory should be allowed to determine whether to permit slavery within its borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the Lincoln–Douglas debates, Douglas articulated the Freeport Doctrine, which held that territories could effectively exclude slavery despite the Supreme Court's ruling in the 1857 case of Dred Scott v. Sandford."
}
] |
yrBxqcw4J1J3pHkGf4Pb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Stephen Arnold Douglas (April 23, 1813 – June 3, 1861) was an American politician and lawyer from Illinois."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Stephen Arnold Douglass in Brandon, Vermont, on April 23, 1813, to physician Stephen Arnold Douglass and his wife, Sarah Fisk."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage and family",
"text": "They had two sons: Robert M. Douglas (1849–1917) and Stephen Arnold Douglas, Jr., (1850–1908)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career | Illinois politician",
"text": "Joseph Smith then pronounced the following prophecy on the head of Stephen A. Douglas: Judge, you will aspire to the presidency of the United States; and if ever you turn your hand against me or the Latter-day Saints, you will feel the weight of the hand of Almighty upon you; and you will live to see and know that I have testified the truth to you; for the conversation of this day will stick to you through life."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Richard Dreyfuss portrayed Stephen A. Douglas in a Lincoln–Douglas debate audiobook."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In popular culture",
"text": "Edgar Lee Masters' work Children of the Marketplace: A fictitious biography is about Stephen Douglas."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Buchanan administration | Lincoln-Douglas debates",
"text": "Lincoln disclaimed the radical-for-the-time views on racial equality attributed to him by Douglas, arguing only for the right of African Americans to personal liberty and to earn their own livings."
},
{
"section_header": "Position on slavery",
"text": "He cites recent scholarship as (equally briefly) finding Douglas \"insensitive to the moral repugnance of slavery\" or even \"proslavery\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He died on June 3, coincidentally on the same day as the Battle of Philippi, the first skirmish of the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Senator | Pierce administration",
"text": "Anti-slavery activists like Charles Sumner attacked Douglas for the report; one Northern paper wrote, \"Douglas has brains, but so has the Devil, so had Judas and Benedict Arnold.\" As the crisis in Kansas continued, the Whig Party collapsed, and many former Whigs joined the Republican Party, the Know Nothings, or, in the South, the Democratic Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the 1850s, Douglas was one of the foremost advocates of popular sovereignty, which held that each territory should be allowed to determine whether to permit slavery within its borders."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During the Lincoln–Douglas debates, Douglas articulated the Freeport Doctrine, which held that territories could effectively exclude slavery despite the Supreme Court's ruling in the 1857 case of Dred Scott v. Sandford."
}
] |
American politician Stephen Arnold Douglas was for slavery.
| 0 | 0 |
Stephen A. Douglas
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the 20th century's most prolific piano composers, he is best known for his works for the instrument, which include seven symphonies for piano solo, four toccatas, Sequentia cyclica, 100 Transcendental Studies, Opus clavicembalisticum, six piano sonatas and his \"Gulistān\"—Nocturne for Piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and religious views",
"text": "He broke his leg as a child; possibly as a consequence of his two trips to India, he experienced recurring attacks of malaria; in 1976, due to sciatica, he had trouble walking and at some points he even found himself housebound; and near the end of his life, he was crippled with arthritis."
}
] |
yrFfztpzmOsfrbpJDtyH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music | Pianism and keyboard music | As a composer",
"text": "His writing for the instrument was influenced by that of composers such as Liszt, Alkan and Godowsky, and he has been called a composer-pianist in their tradition, partly because he was one of the 20th century's most prolific piano composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Health and religious views",
"text": "He broke his leg as a child; possibly as a consequence of his two trips to India, he experienced recurring attacks of malaria; in 1976, due to sciatica, he had trouble walking and at some points he even found himself housebound; and near the end of his life, he was crippled with arthritis."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "One of the 20th century's most prolific piano composers, he is best known for his works for the instrument, which include seven symphonies for piano solo, four toccatas, Sequentia cyclica, 100 Transcendental Studies, Opus clavicembalisticum, six piano sonatas and his \"Gulistān\"—Nocturne for Piano."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (born Leon Dudley Sorabji; 14 August 1892 – 15 October 1988) was an English composer, music critic, pianist and writer."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Social life",
"text": "Some of his friendships, like those with Norman Peterkin or Alistair Hinton, lasted until the death of either party; others were broken, such as the one with Frank Holliday."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji was born Leon Dudley Sorabji in Chingford, Essex (now Greater London), on 14 August 1892."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "From the early 1910s until 1916, he studied music with pianist and composer Charles A. Trew (1854–1929)."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Pianism and keyboard music | As a composer",
"text": "Sorabji once said, \"If a composer can't sing, a composer can't compose.\"His"
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Ban and seclusion",
"text": "The decade was the most prolific of his life and saw the creation of many of his largest works."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Renewed visibility",
"text": "Sorabji went on to take part in two more broadcasts: one in 1979 for the centenary of the birth of composer Francis George Scott, and one in 1980 on BBC Radio 3, commemorating Medtner's centenary."
}
] |
Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji, one of the 20th century's most prolific piano composers, dealt with recurring attacks of malaria, and was crippled with arthritis until his death in 1992.
| 0 | 0 |
Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Metabolism",
"text": "Nutrition can vary according to the type of protist."
},
{
"section_header": "Metabolism",
"text": "Some are mixotrophic. Some protists that do not have / lost chloroplasts/mitochondria have entered into endosymbiontic relationship with other bacteria/algae to replace the missing functionality."
}
] |
yrQWDrHYNneChuy0EwSk
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Classification | Modern classifications",
"text": "However, there are sometimes discordances between molecular and morphological investigations; these can be categorized as two types: (i) one morphology, multiple lineages (e.g. morphological convergence, cryptic species) and (ii) one lineage, multiple morphologies (e.g. phenotypic plasticity,"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A protist () is any eukaryotic organism (one with cells containing a nucleus) that is not an animal, plant, or fungus."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Modern classifications",
"text": "multiple life-cycle stages).Because the protists as a whole are paraphyletic, new systems often split up or abandon the kingdom, instead treating the protist groups as separate lines of eukaryotes."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "Some species, for example Plasmodium falciparum, have extremely complex life cycles that involve multiple forms of the organism, some of which reproduce sexually and others asexually."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Modern classifications",
"text": "The most popular contemporary definition is a phylogenetic one, that identifies a paraphyletic group: a protist is any eukaryote that is not an animal, (land) plant, or (true) fungus; this definition excludes many unicellular groups, like the Microsporidia (fungi), many Chytridiomycetes (fungi), and yeasts (fungi), and also a non-unicellular group included in Protista in the past, the Myxozoa (animal)."
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "The earliest eukaryotes were likely protists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The study of protists is termed protistology."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification | Modern classifications",
"text": "The taxonomy of protists is still changing."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Physiology, ecology and paleontology",
"text": "Protist Diversity and Geographical Distribution."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "So some protists may be more closely related to animals, plants, or fungi than they are to other protists; however, like algae, invertebrates, or protozoans, the grouping is used for convenience."
},
{
"section_header": "Metabolism",
"text": "Nutrition can vary according to the type of protist."
},
{
"section_header": "Metabolism",
"text": "Some are mixotrophic. Some protists that do not have / lost chloroplasts/mitochondria have entered into endosymbiontic relationship with other bacteria/algae to replace the missing functionality."
}
] |
Protists, depending on what kind they are, can often get energy from multiple sources.
| 0 | 0 |
Protista
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal has historically been regarded as the worst such scandal in the United States – the \"high water mark\" of cabinet corruption."
}
] |
yrZ2Pt8Av7Lmbl4xPWcK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before the Watergate scandal, Teapot Dome was regarded as the \"greatest and most sensational scandal in the history of American politics\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal was a bribery scandal involving the administration of United States President Warren G. Harding from 1921 to 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison",
"text": "The Teapot Dome scandal has historically been regarded as the worst such scandal in the United States – the \"high water mark\" of cabinet corruption."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Fall attempted to keep his actions secret, but the sudden improvement in his standard of living was suspect."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "The Court invalidated the Elk Hills lease in February 1927, and the Teapot Dome lease in October."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "The Teapot Dome oil field was then idled for 49 years, but went back into production in 1976."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Later in 1922, Interior Secretary Albert Fall leased the oil production rights at Teapot Dome to Harry F. Sinclair of Mammoth Oil, a subsidiary of Sinclair Oil Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Investigation and outcome",
"text": "This discovery broke open the scandal."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming as well as two locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding."
},
{
"section_header": "Comparison",
"text": "It is often used as a benchmark for comparison with subsequent scandals."
}
] |
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a follow-up event to the Boston Tea Party in which the British loyalists living in Boston were thrown into the harbor and drowned.
| 0 | 0 |
Teapot Dome scandal
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "To help Swift break into country music, her father transferred to Merrill Lynch's Nashville office when she was 14 years old, and the family relocated to a lakefront house in Hendersonville, Tennessee."
}
] |
ysKq0gkyDUsuhy4N2dmD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Musical style",
"text": "\"Swift's singing voice was described by Sophie Schillaci of The Hollywood Reporter as \"sweet, but soft\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Influences",
"text": "One of Swift's earliest musical memories is listening to her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay, sing in church."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "After watching a documentary about Faith Hill, Swift felt sure she needed to move to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue a career in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2010–2014: Speak Now and Red",
"text": "She also joined Florida Georgia Line on stage during their set at the 2013 Country Radio Seminar to sing \"Cruise\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, Swift relocated to Nashville, Tennessee in 2004 to pursue a career in music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "She was rejected, however, because \"everyone in that town wanted to do what I wanted to do."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Songwriting",
"text": "In addition to romance and love, Swift's songs have discussed parent-child relationships, friendships, alienation, fame, and career ambitions."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Politics and activism",
"text": "Swift has supported the March for Our Lives movement and gun control reform in the U.S."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2004–2008: Career beginnings and Taylor Swift",
"text": "Jon Caramanica of The New York Times described it as \"a small masterpiece of pop-minded country, both wide-eyed and cynical, held together by Ms. Swift's firm, pleading voice.\" Taylor Swift peaked at number five on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States, spending 157 weeks there—"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2019–present: Lover and Folklore",
"text": "Lover Fest, Swift's concert tour in support of the album, was postponed to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1989–2003: Early life",
"text": "To help Swift break into country music, her father transferred to Merrill Lynch's Nashville office when she was 14 years old, and the family relocated to a lakefront house in Hendersonville, Tennessee."
}
] |
Taylor Swift's parents were supportive of her singing career, but didn't want to uproot their lives for it, so she would fly to Nashville almost every week to pursue her singing career.
| 2 | 3 |
Taylor Swift
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nikolay I Pavlovich; 6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855."
}
] |
ysQF0HGtlWKduuhlmkEo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Later on, however, he led Russia into the Crimean War (1853–1856), with disastrous results."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy",
"text": "Nicholas liked to appoint generals who had seen combat, and at least 30 of the men who served as a minister under him had seen action in the wars against France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sweden."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and road to power",
"text": "This led to the Decembrist Revolt on 26 (14 Old Style) December 1825, an uprising Nicholas was successful in quickly suppressing."
},
{
"section_header": "Minorities under Nicholas I | Life of Jews under Nicholas I",
"text": "In 1851 the Jewish population numbered at 2.4 million with 212,000 of them living in Russian controlled Poland territory."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy | Europe",
"text": "Immediately on his succession Nicholas began to limit the liberties that existed under the constitutional monarchy in Congress Poland."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was also the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy | Europe",
"text": "The Tsar reacted by sending Russian troops into Poland."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy | Europe",
"text": "After the November Uprising broke out, in 1831 the Polish parliament deposed Nicholas as king of Poland in response to his repeated curtailment of its constitutional rights."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and foreign policy | Europe",
"text": "Nicholas crushed the rebellion, abrogated the Polish constitution, reduced Poland to the status of a province, Privislinsky Krai, and embarked on a policy of repression towards Catholics."
},
{
"section_header": "Emperor and principles | Local policies",
"text": "The results of these Slavophile principles led, broadly speaking, to increasing repression of all classes, excessive censorship and surveillance of independent minded intellectuals like Pushkin and Lermontov and to the persecution of non-Russian languages and non-Orthodox religions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Nikolay I Pavlovich; 6 July [O.S. 25 June] 1796 – 2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1855) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855."
}
] |
Nicholas led Russia, Sweden, and Poland.
| 0 | 1 |
Nicholas I of Russia
|
Technology
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "As of 2018, public access to YouTube is blocked in many countries, including China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Sudan and South Sudan."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "Preventing criticism of a ruler (e.g. in North Korea), government (e.g. in China) or its actions (e.g. in Morocco), government officials (e.g. in Turkey and Libya), or religion (e.g. in Pakistan)."
}
] |
yshVDsde3uDcQchn23LV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "The blocking was criticized by Human Rights Watch."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "This led to a near global blackout of the YouTube site for around two hours, as the Pakistani block was inadvertently transferred to other countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "In some countries, YouTube is blocked for more limited periods of time such as during periods of unrest, the run-up to an election, or in response to upcoming political anniversaries."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "Morocco blocked access in May 2007, possibly as a result of videos critical of Morocco's occupation of Western Sahara."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Content accessibility",
"text": "Numerous third-party web sites, applications and browser plug-ins allow users to download YouTube videos."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "As of 2018, public access to YouTube is blocked in many countries, including China, North Korea, Iran, Syria, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Eritrea, Sudan and South Sudan."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | COPPA violations",
"text": "The new policies have faced criticism, with some channel owners having considered YouTube and the FTC's guidance to be unclear in certain edge cases, such as video gaming (where content may typically be directed towards teens and young adults, but may still contain characters that appeal to children)."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | User comments",
"text": "The stated motivation for the change was giving creators more power to moderate and block comments, thereby addressing frequent criticisms of their quality and tone."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Localization",
"text": "In some cases, the message \"This video is not available in your country\" may appear because of copyright restrictions or inappropriate content."
},
{
"section_header": "Community policy | Controversial videos",
"text": "YouTube has also faced criticism over the handling of offensive content in some of its videos."
},
{
"section_header": "Censorship and filtering",
"text": "Preventing criticism of a ruler (e.g. in North Korea), government (e.g. in China) or its actions (e.g. in Morocco), government officials (e.g. in Turkey and Libya), or religion (e.g. in Pakistan)."
}
] |
YouTube has been blocked in a certain country because of videos that criticize the dictator.
| 1 | 2 |
YouTube
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "He moved from France to Charleston, South Carolina and then New York, where he built a successful merchant empire."
}
] |
ytUQ1yp5cMo98HhDUsIF
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "Jay's mother was Mary Van Cortlandt, of Dutch ancestry, who had married Peter Jay in 1728 in the Dutch Church."
},
{
"section_header": "As a diplomat | Secretary of Foreign Affairs",
"text": "Jay sought to establish a strong and durable American foreign policy: to seek the recognition of the young independent nation by powerful and established foreign European powers; to establish a stable American currency and credit supported at first by financial loans from European banks; to pay back America's creditors and to quickly pay off the country's heavy War-debt; to secure the infant nation's territorial boundaries under the most-advantageous terms possible and against possible incursions by the Indians, Spanish, the French and the English; to solve regional difficulties among the colonies themselves; to secure Newfoundland fishing rights; to establish a robust maritime trade for American goods with new economic trading partners; to protect American trading vessels against piracy; to preserve America's reputation at home and abroad; and to hold the country together politically under the fledgling Articles of Confederation."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay Treaty",
"text": "Democratic-Republicans were incensed at what they perceived as a betrayal of American interests, and Jay was denounced by protesters with such graffiti as \"Damn John Jay!"
},
{
"section_header": "Jay Treaty",
"text": "Washington rejected that policy and sent Jay as a special envoy to Great Britain to negotiate a new treaty; Jay remained Chief Justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay Treaty",
"text": "Damn everyone who won't damn John Jay!!"
},
{
"section_header": "Jay court",
"text": "Jay swore his oath of office on October 19, 1789."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay court",
"text": "However, Jay also established an early precedent for the Court's independence in 1790, when Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton wrote to Jay requesting the Court's endorsement of legislation that would assume the debts of the states."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay Treaty",
"text": "Washington had Alexander Hamilton write instructions for Jay that were to guide him in the negotiations."
},
{
"section_header": "Jay Treaty",
"text": "\" One newspaper editor wrote, \"John Jay, ah!"
},
{
"section_header": "Jay Treaty",
"text": "In March 1795, the resulting treaty, known as the Jay Treaty, was brought to Philadelphia."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education | Family history",
"text": "He moved from France to Charleston, South Carolina and then New York, where he built a successful merchant empire."
}
] |
Jay had an European ancestry.
| 1 | 4 |
John Jay
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A widely referenced article published in 1993 estimated there may be over 1 million species of nematode, a claim which has since been repeated in numerous publications."
}
] |
ytW2LrnJ5MHP1wc5gg72
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many other publications have since vigorously refuted this claim on the grounds that it is unsupported by fact."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "One form of nematode is entirely dependent upon fig wasps, which are the sole source of fig fertilization."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "Due to the lack of knowledge regarding many nematodes, their systematics is contentious."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A widely referenced article published in 1993 estimated there may be over 1 million species of nematode, a claim which has since been repeated in numerous publications."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "CSIRO has found a 13- to 14-fold reduction of nematode population densities in plots having Indian mustard Brassica juncea green manure or seed meal in the soil."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "For example, marigolds, grown over one or more seasons (the effect is cumulative), can be used to control nematodes."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "This scheme was adhered to in many later classifications, though the Adenophorea were not in a uniform group."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy | Excretory system",
"text": "However, the structures for excreting salt to maintain osmoregulation are typically more complex."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The many parasitic forms include pathogens in most plants and animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "More recent, fact-based estimates have placed the true figure closer to 40,000 species worldwide."
}
] |
Many sources have claimed that there are more than 1000000 types of nematode.
| 1 | 5 |
Nematoda
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "Couldn't he have made some of them against Giants manager McGraw?\") Robinson and McGraw joined as business partners in the Baltimore Orioles, a team that would debut in the new American League (AL) in 1901."
}
] |
yte3VuojZXHpT2URW8r8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Wilbert Robinson (June 29, 1864 – August 8, 1934), nicknamed \"Uncle Robbie\", was an American catcher, coach and manager in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 by the Old-Timers Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Retirement and death",
"text": "After his retirement from managing, Robinson became the president of the Atlanta Crackers minor league team."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Over the course of his career, Robinson played 1,316 games as a catcher, which prepared him for his second baseball career as a manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "Ruth Law, the aviator, supposedly forgot to bring a baseball and instead dropped a grapefruit, which splattered all over the manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Robinson and Ruth Law",
"text": "On March 13, 1915, at spring training in Daytona Beach, Florida, Robinson decided to try to set a record of sorts by catching a baseball dropped from an airplane being flown 525 feet (160 m) overhead."
},
{
"section_header": "American League Orioles",
"text": "Couldn't he have made some of them against Giants manager McGraw?\") Robinson and McGraw joined as business partners in the Baltimore Orioles, a team that would debut in the new American League (AL) in 1901."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "He lasted in the majors until 1902, playing much of his career with two separate Baltimore Orioles franchises – from 1890 to 1899 with the Orioles team which folded after the 1899 National League season, and in 1901–02 with the American League team which moved to New York City in 1903 and became the Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Brooklyn Dodgers",
"text": "Among the pitchers he guided to success were Joe McGinnity with both Orioles teams and the Giants, Rube Marquard with the Giants, and Dazzy Vance and Burleigh Grimes with the Dodgers."
}
] |
Wilbert Robinson was the co-founder of a professional baseball team.
| 2 | 5 |
Wilbert Robinson
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "Some historians suggest that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a \"personal Napoleonic one\" after the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II."
}
] |
ytkXQNjoU2v4cLOnPGw2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Battle",
"text": "At first, Napoleon was not totally confident of victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "Napoleon did not succeed in defeating the Allied army as thoroughly as he wanted, but historians and enthusiasts alike recognise that the original plan provided a significant victory, comparable to other great tactical battles such as Cannae."
},
{
"section_header": "Rewards",
"text": "This battle is one of four for which Napoleon never awarded a victory title, the others being Marengo, Jena, and Friedland."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "Some historians suggest that Napoleon was so successful at Austerlitz that he lost touch with reality, and what used to be French foreign policy became a \"personal Napoleonic one\" after the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Military and political results",
"text": "The great victory was met by sheer amazement and delirium in Paris, where just days earlier the nation had been teetering on the brink of financial collapse."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "At about 8:45 a.m., satisfied at the weakness in the enemy centre, Napoleon asked Soult how long it would take for his men to reach the Pratzen Heights, to which the Marshal replied, \"Less than twenty minutes, sire.\" About 15 minutes later, Napoleon ordered the attack, adding, \"One sharp blow and the war is over."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important and decisive engagements of the Napoleonic Wars."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical views",
"text": "On the other hand, some residents of France's overseas departments protested against what they viewed as the \"official commemoration of Napoleon,\" arguing that Austerlitz should not be celebrated since they believed that Napoleon committed genocide against colonial people."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle | \"One sharp blow and the war is over\"",
"text": "Sensing trouble, Napoleon ordered his own heavy Guard cavalry forward."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Desperate to lure the Allies into battle, Napoleon gave every indication in the days preceding the engagement that the French army was in a pitiful state, even abandoning the dominant Pratzen Heights near Austerlitz."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In what is widely regarded as the greatest victory achieved by Napoleon, the Grande Armée of France defeated a larger Russian and Austrian army led by Emperor Alexander I and Holy Roman Emperor Francis II."
}
] |
The Battle of Austerlitz, a battle in the Napoleonic Wars, was a great victory by Napoleon.
| 0 | 0 |
Battle of Austerlitz
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
}
] |
yuCEGu8hqZtUunM9JMPg
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "[The Hunchback of Notre Dame], he accomplishes for the modern world in Les Miserables\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, several alternatives have been used, including The Miserables, The Wretched, The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones, The Wretched Poor, The Victims and The Dispossessed."
},
{
"section_header": "Hugo's sources",
"text": "When the book was finally written, Tréjean became Valjean."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "Humankind's wounds, those huge sores that litter the world, do not stop at the blue and red lines drawn on maps."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Volume IV: The Idyll in the Rue Plumet and the Epic in the Rue St. Denis",
"text": "It is written by Cosette. He learns Cosette's whereabouts and he writes a farewell letter to her."
},
{
"section_header": "Novel form",
"text": "The novel as a whole is one of the longest ever written, with 655,478 words in the original French."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "des illusions and Marius ou le fugitif."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Sequels",
"text": "Laura Kalpakian's Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables was published in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables (, French: [le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Les Misérables has been popularized through numerous adaptations for film, television and the stage, including a musical."
}
] |
Les Miserables was written by Victoria Huges.
| 0 | 0 |
Les Misérables
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande where the U.S. wanted to build a transcontinental railroad along a deep southern route, which the Southern Pacific Railroad later completed in 1881–1883."
}
] |
yuJLaGzfKfnLMKrX6NRS
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Mesilla Valley",
"text": "The treaty provided for a joint commission, made up of a surveyor and commissioner from each country, to determine the final boundary between the United States and Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "These two transcontinental railroads, the Southern Pacific (now part of the Union Pacific Railroad) and the Santa Fe (now part of the BNSF), are among the busiest rail lines in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Southern route for the Transcontinental Railroad | Southern commercial conventions",
"text": "In January 1845, Asa Whitney of New York state presented the United States Congress with the first plan to construct a transcontinental railroad."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The portion in New Mexico runs largely through the territory that had been disputed between Mexico and the United States after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had gone into effect, and before the time of the Gadsden Purchase."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "On March 21, 1853, a treaty initiated in the Fillmore administration, that would provide joint Mexican and United States protection for the Sloo grant was signed in Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "Santa Anna was willing to deal with the United States because he needed money to rebuild the Mexican Army for defense against the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Final negotiations and ratification of the treaty of purchase | Gadsden and Santa Anna",
"text": "At the same time that this treaty was received in Washington, Pierce learned that New Mexico Territorial Governor William C. Lane had issued a proclamation claiming the Mesilla Valley as part of New Mexico, leading to protests from Mexico."
},
{
"section_header": "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | Mesilla Valley",
"text": "Mexico favored the map, but the United States put faith in the results of the survey."
},
{
"section_header": "Growth of the region after 1854 | Railroad development",
"text": "The remainder of the Gila Valley pre-Purchase border area was traversed by the Arizona Eastern Railway by 1899 and the Copper Basin Railway by 1904."
},
{
"section_header": "Southern route for the Transcontinental Railroad | James Gadsden and California",
"text": "The railway or highway would transport people to the California gold fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The purchase included lands south of the Gila River and west of the Rio Grande where the U.S. wanted to build a transcontinental railroad along a deep southern route, which the Southern Pacific Railroad later completed in 1881–1883."
}
] |
The Gadsden Purchase was made by the United States from Mexico in part so that a railway could be constructed.
| 3 | 4 |
Gadsden Purchase
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
}
] |
yuUd2V5XP6PTHM4uVxW1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Molluscs have more varied forms than any other animal phylum."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms."
},
{
"section_header": "Classification",
"text": "Tentaculita may also be in Mollusca (see Tentaculites)."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "The giant squid, which until recently had not been observed alive in its adult form, is one of the largest invertebrates, but a recently caught specimen of the colossal squid, 10 m (33 ft) long and weighing 500 kg (1,100 lb), may have overtaken it."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Fossil record",
"text": "Authors who suggest they deserve their own phylum do not comment on the position of this phylum in the tree of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Evolution | Phylogeny",
"text": "However, an analysis in 2009 using both morphological and molecular phylogenetics comparisons concluded the molluscs are not monophyletic; in particular, Scaphopoda and Bivalvia are both separate, monophyletic lineages unrelated to the remaining molluscan classes; the traditional phylum Mollusca is polyphyletic, and it can only be made monophyletic if scaphopods and bivalves are excluded."
},
{
"section_header": "Diversity",
"text": "Cephalopoda such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses are among the neurologically most advanced of all invertebrates."
},
{
"section_header": "Hypothetical ancestral mollusc | Eating, digestion, and excretion",
"text": "The radula is unique to the molluscs and has no equivalent in any other animal."
}
] |
Mollusca is the largest phylum of invertebrate animals.
| 4 | 4 |
Mollusca
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Amateur career",
"text": "He then attended Brigham Young University (BYU), and played college baseball for the BYU Cougars."
}
] |
yuzGNbXdd0cEc5hNPeAC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Post-career activities",
"text": "Morris has two sons from his first marriage and one with his second."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minnesota Twins",
"text": "In 1991, Morris signed a one-year contract with his hometown Minnesota Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Morris was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2018."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is one of seven players in MLB history to have won back-to back World Series championships on different teams, the other six being Ben Zobrist, Jake Peavy, Bill Skowron, Clem Labine, Don Gullett, and Ryan Theriot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Scott Morris (born May 16, 1955) is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher."
},
{
"section_header": "Hall of Fame candidacy",
"text": "Morris was eligible for the National Baseball Hall of Fame from 2000 to 2014, but did not receive the required 75% of the vote in any of his eligible years."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Detroit Tigers",
"text": "The Tigers headed to the postseason again in 1987 behind a team-leading 18 wins from Morris, but this time Morris' postseason performance was below expectations."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Wildness",
"text": "His 206 wild pitches in his career rank eighth in baseball history."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Cleveland Indians and Cincinnati Reds",
"text": "Morris joined the Cleveland Indians in 1994, but was released by the team on August 9, three days before the season was ended by a strike."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Minnesota Twins",
"text": "Morris won both of his starts over the Toronto Blue Jays in the ALCS, and his team went on to face the Atlanta Braves in the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Amateur career",
"text": "He then attended Brigham Young University (BYU), and played college baseball for the BYU Cougars."
}
] |
Jack Morris was on the Stanford baseball team.
| 4 | 5 |
Jack Morris
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "Largely of wood, traditional housing and many temple buildings see the use of tatami mats and sliding doors that break down the distinction between rooms and indoor and outdoor space."
}
] |
yv4Y4tGsZj2QUFaA8dDn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "Japanese sculpture, largely of wood, and Japanese painting are among the oldest of the Japanese arts, with early figurative paintings dating to at least 300 BC."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "Japanese architecture is a combination between local and other influences."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "The Shrines of Ise have been celebrated as the prototype of Japanese architecture."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "Largely of wood, traditional housing and many temple buildings see the use of tatami mats and sliding doors that break down the distinction between rooms and indoor and outdoor space."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture | Art and architecture",
"text": "Since the 19th century, however, Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and post-modern architecture into construction and design."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Prehistoric to classical history",
"text": "A smallpox epidemic in 735–737 is believed to have killed as much as one-third of Japan's population."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | Agriculture and fishery",
"text": "Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch, prompting some claims that Japan's fishing is leading to depletion in fish stocks such as tuna."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Foreign relations",
"text": "It is one of the G4 nations seeking permanent membership in the Security Council."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Military",
"text": "Japan maintains one of the largest military budgets of any country in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education",
"text": "Japan is one of the top-performing OECD countries in reading literacy, math and sciences with the average student scoring 529 and has one of the world's highest-educated labor forces among OECD countries."
}
] |
Japan's architecture relies on wood.
| 0 | 0 |
Japan
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "In season 2 Marshall marries Lily, with whom he has been in love since his freshman year of college; they have a child during season 7."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin, a kindergarten teacher, an aspiring artist, and Marshall's wife."
}
] |
yvK0qoCD7agkQR8b1fO3
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "Alyson Hannigan's absent-mindedness while pregnant, and Josh Radnor's intellectualism."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "She is shown to be very career-centric and rejects traditional roles, such as getting married and having kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Production",
"text": "There also was a complication with the writing of the show because of actress Alyson Hannigan's absence due to her pregnancy; in response, the writers had to create episodes that did not include one of the five main characters."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Hannigan's husband Alexis Denisof appeared in ten episodes as Sandy Rivers."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "She marries Marshall in season 2 and gives birth to Marvin in season 7."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Ted is on a quest for happiness and \"The One\", the woman he will marry."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin, a kindergarten teacher, an aspiring artist, and Marshall's wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Tie-ins | Soundtracks",
"text": "A second soundtrack album entitled How I Met Your Music: Deluxe was released digitally to iTunes on September 23, 2014, featuring songs from the final two seasons."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast and characters",
"text": "In season 2 Marshall marries Lily, with whom he has been in love since his freshman year of college; they have a child during season 7."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "\"The second season received critical acclaim."
}
] |
Alyson Hannigan's character gets married in the second season.
| 0 | 0 |
How I Met Your Mother
|
Geography
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
}
] |
yvNTPIMCAkLcCAv8JL9U
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Damage and ruins",
"text": "These records do not state whether the ruins were being used by devotees to gather and worship, or part of the damaged temple was still in use for some other purpose."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "The current Konark temple dates to the 13th century, though evidence suggests that a sun temple was built in the Konark area by at least the 9th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Theories range from natural damage to deliberate destruction of the temple in the course of being sacked several times by Muslim armies between the 15th and 17th centuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The relief on the platform is similar in style to that found on the surviving walls of the temple."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "According to Ernest Binfield Havell, the Konark temple is \"one of the grandest examples of Indian sculpture extant\", adding that they express \"as much fire and passion as the greatest European art\" such as that found in Venice."
},
{
"section_header": "Description | Other temples and monuments",
"text": "Kitchen – This monument is found south of the bhoga mandapa (feeding hall)."
},
{
"section_header": "Cultural significance | In heraldry",
"text": "The Warrior and Horse statue found in the temple grounds forms the basis of the state emblem of Odisha."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Konark in texts",
"text": "Since he visited India in the 7th century, he could not have been referring to the 13th-century temple, but his description suggests either Konark or another Odisha port city already featuring towering structures with sculptures."
},
{
"section_header": "Description",
"text": "The design manual for this style is found in the Silpa Sastra of ancient Odisha."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "cause of the destruction of the Konark temple"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Konark Sun Temple (Konark Surya Mandir) is a 13th-century CE Sun temple at Konark about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast from Puri on the coastline of Odisha, India."
}
] |
Konark Temple can be found in Southern Asia
| 1 | 2 |
Konark Sun Temple
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny reached the top of the New York Times best seller list on August 12, 1951, after 17 weeks on the list, replacing From Here to Eternity."
}
] |
yw0LAEglc5ccjwu7HWs7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny is the 1951 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Herman Wouk."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "Wouk served during World War II aboard two destroyer-minesweepers converted from World War I-era Clemson-class destroyers, USS Zane being the first and USS Southard being the second. (Wouk uses the latter name for one of his characters in the novel, Captain Randolph Patterson Southard."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "He calls Keefer, not Maryk, \"the true author of 'The Caine Mutiny'\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Keefer reluctantly supports Maryk, then gets cold feet and backs out, warning Maryk that his actions will be seen as mutiny."
},
{
"section_header": "The court martial",
"text": "On reflection, he decides to ask May (now a blonde and using her real name of Marie Minotti) to marry him."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Maryk turns Caine into the wind and rides out the storm."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "Soon afterward, the Caine is caught in a typhoon, an ordeal that sinks three destroyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "After the novel's success, Wouk adapted the court-martial sequence into a full-length, two-act Broadway play, The Caine Mutiny Court Martial."
},
{
"section_header": "Climax of the novel",
"text": "This sequence of events and its resolution marks the climax and most thrilling portion of the novel, and it parallels Wouk's experiences as Executive Officer aboard the destroyer minesweeper USS Southard in Okinawa during Typhoon Ida in September of 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The Caine Mutiny reached the top of the New York Times best seller list on August 12, 1951, after 17 weeks on the list, replacing From Here to Eternity."
}
] |
The Caine Mutiny used to be the most sold novel.
| 0 | 0 |
The Caine Mutiny
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vicar of Wakefield – subtitled A Tale, Supposed to be written by Himself – is a novel by Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774)."
}
] |
ywtXTkbX8P81XghG1Yc9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Main characters | Deborah Primrose",
"text": "She could read any English book without much spelling, but for pickling, preserving, and cookery, none could excel her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was written from 1761 to 1762 and published in 1766."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication",
"text": "It was later illustrated by English illustrator Arthur Rackham (1867–1939) for the 1929 edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Main characters | Charles Primrose",
"text": "He presents one of the most harmlessly simple and unsophisticated yet also ironically complex figures ever to appear in English fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Moreover, an analogy can be drawn between Mr. Primrose's suffering and the Book of Job."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Vicar of Wakefield – subtitled A Tale, Supposed to be written by Himself – is a novel by Irish writer Oliver Goldsmith (1728–1774)."
},
{
"section_header": "Structure and narrative technique",
"text": "The book consists of 32 chapters which fall into three parts: Chapters 1–3: beginning"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In literary history books, The Vicar of Wakefield is often described as a sentimental novel, which displays the belief in the innate goodness of human beings."
}
] |
The book was written by an English author.
| 0 | 0 |
The Vicar of Wakefield
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Gomez began her career by appearing on the children's television series Barney & Friends (2002–2004)."
}
] |
yxA2LWtyZpprMuAiirNs
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Discography",
"text": "Gomez was the lead singer of the former band Selena Gomez & the Scene, which released three studio albums and one remix album."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2015–2016: Revival and personal struggles",
"text": "In August 2015, Gomez appeared in the documentary Unity among many other actors and actresses."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2012: Breakthrough with Disney and Selena Gomez & the Scene",
"text": "Gomez appeared in a cameo role in the film The Muppets and appeared in the Disney shows"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1992–2006: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Amanda Dawn \"Mandy\" Cornett. Gomez was named after Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla, who died in 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2017–present: 13 Reasons Why, standalone singles and Rare",
"text": "Why. She shared the first trailer of the show on January 25, 2017, and the show premiered on Netflix on March 31, 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religious beliefs",
"text": "She stated, \"He actually used me as an example for other kids."
},
{
"section_header": "Artistry | Sound",
"text": "Gomez has been described as a pop singer and songwriter."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "However, they broke up again in March 2018.Gomez reportedly started dating The Weeknd in January 2017"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Selena Marie Gomez (born July 22, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and television producer."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2007–2012: Breakthrough with Disney and Selena Gomez & the Scene",
"text": "For the film, Gomez and Lovato recorded the song \"One and the Same\", which was later released as a promotional single."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Texas, Gomez began her career by appearing on the children's television series Barney & Friends (2002–2004)."
}
] |
Selena Gomez is an actor and singer who started her career on a kids show.
| 0 | 0 |
Selena Gomez
|
Literature
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898)."
}
] |
yxHe5rPUJzLD0cNVptx9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "In The Collier's Weekly Version of The Turn of the Screw (2010), the tale is presented in its original serial form with a detailed analysis of the changes James made over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Among many other revisions, James changed the children's ages."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The novella has been adapted numerous times in radio drama, film, stage, and television, including a 1950 Broadway play, the 1961 film The Innocents, and a 2020 modern adaptation named The Turning."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Television",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw has also influenced television."
},
{
"section_header": "Works cited",
"text": "James's The Turn of the Screw: A Readers Guide."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "The imagery of The Turn of the Screw is reminiscent of gothic fiction."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Literature",
"text": "Young adult novels inspired by The Turn of the Screw include The Turning (2012) by Francine Prose and Tighter (2011) by Adele Griffin."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "James revised The Turn of the Screw ten years later for his New York Edition."
},
{
"section_header": "Major themes",
"text": "With The Turn of the Screw, many critics have wondered if the \"strange and sinister\" were only in the governess's mind and not part of reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In the century following its publication, The Turn of the Screw became a cornerstone text of academics who subscribed to New Criticism."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Turn of the Screw is an 1898 horror novella by Henry James that first appeared in serial format in Collier's Weekly magazine (January 27 – April 16, 1898)."
}
] |
The Turn of the Screw changed it name to the Taming of the Shrew.
| 3 | 6 |
The Turn of the Screw
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I."
}
] |
yxJDFFRnXqwLRBtRVBa5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "Although her many decades of exposure to radiation caused chronic illnesses (including near-blindness due to cataracts) and ultimately her death, she never really acknowledged the health risks of radiation exposure."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New elements",
"text": "They were unaware of the deleterious effects of radiation exposure attendant on their continued unprotected work with radioactive substances."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "A few months later, on 4 July 1934, she died at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy, Haute-Savoie, from aplastic anaemia believed to have been contracted from her long-term exposure to radiation."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "She died of tuberculosis in May 1878, when Maria was ten years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In medicine, the radioactivity of radium appeared to offer a means by which cancer could be successfully attacked."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New elements",
"text": "She was acutely aware of the importance of promptly publishing her discoveries and thus establishing her priority."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms using radioactive isotopes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | New elements",
"text": "She began a systematic search for additional substances that emit radiation, and by 1898 she discovered that the element thorium was also radioactive."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours, tributes",
"text": "In Britain, Marie Curie Cancer Care was organized in 1948 to care for the terminally ill."
}
] |
Maria died of cancer casued by acute radiation poisoning due to exposure by her many studies of radioactivity.
| 1 | 1 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Family and friends",
"text": "Diogenes Laërtius states that Pythagoras \"did not indulge in the pleasures of love\" and that he cautioned others to only have sex \"whenever you are willing to be weaker than yourself\"."
}
] |
yxKCyv8HXSOkeGTnrAza
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Pythagoreanism | Prohibitions and regulations",
"text": "It is more or less agreed that Pythagoras issued a prohibition against the consumption of beans and the meat of non-sacrificial animals such as fish and poultry."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | In Croton",
"text": "Christoph Riedweg, a German scholar of early Pythagoreanism, states that it is entirely possible Pythagoras may have taught on Samos, but cautions that Antiphon's account, which makes reference to a specific building that was still in use during his own time, appears to be motivated by Samian patriotic interest."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "The supporters of democracy, headed by Cylon and Ninon, the former of whom is said to have been irritated by his exclusion from Pythagoras's brotherhood, roused the populace against them."
},
{
"section_header": "Attributed discoveries | In music",
"text": "According to legend, Pythagoras discovered that musical notes could be translated into mathematical equations when he passed blacksmiths at work one day and heard the sound of their hammers clanging against the anvils."
},
{
"section_header": "Later influence in antiquity | In early Christianity",
"text": "Eusebius (c. 260 – c. 340 AD), bishop of Caesarea, praises Pythagoras in his Against Hierokles for his rule of silence, his frugality, his \"extraordinary\" morality, and his wise teachings."
},
{
"section_header": "Biographical sources",
"text": "The two later lives were written by the Neoplatonist philosophers Porphyry and Iamblichus and were partially intended as polemics against the rise of Christianity."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence after antiquity | On vegetarianism",
"text": "John Donne's Progress of the Soul discusses the implications of the doctrines expounded in the speech, and Michel de Montaigne quoted the speech no less than three times in his treatise \"Of Cruelty\" to voice his moral objections against the mistreatment of animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence after antiquity | On Western esotericism",
"text": "The Voyages of Pythagoras, declared that all revolutionaries in all time periods are the \"heirs of Pythagoras\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Teachings | Mysticism",
"text": "Pythagoras was said to have practiced divination and prophecy."
},
{
"section_header": "Legends",
"text": "Pythagoras was said to have had extraordinary success in dealing with animals."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Family and friends",
"text": "Diogenes Laërtius states that Pythagoras \"did not indulge in the pleasures of love\" and that he cautioned others to only have sex \"whenever you are willing to be weaker than yourself\"."
}
] |
Pythagoras was specifically against romance.
| 0 | 0 |
Pythagoras
|
Popular Culture
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film opened to the public on October 6, 1960 at the DeMille Theatre in New York City after four days of invitational previews."
}
] |
yxmWF2uGvSMzeAJuzKYV
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Release | 1991 restoration",
"text": "The general release began in Los Angeles, New York City, and Toronto on the following day."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | 1991 restoration",
"text": "For the 1991 theatrical re-release, Universal Pictures partnered with American Film Institute, in which the restored film premiered at the Directors Guild of America Theater in Los Angeles on April 25 with the proceeds going towards the AFI Preservation Fund and the Film Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical reaction",
"text": "He demonstrates here a technical talent and comprehension of human values.\" John L. Scott of the Los Angeles Times praised the \"fabulous cast,\" Trumbo's \"expert screenplay\" and \"impressive\" climactic battle scenes, writing, \"Here young director Stanley Kubrick gives notice that from now on he's definitely to be reckoned with."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The film was first released on Blu-ray in 2010 by Universal Pictures."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The original score for Spartacus was composed and conducted by six-time Academy Award nominee Alex North."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Screenplay development",
"text": "Douglas and Lewis found Kubrick's eagerness to take credit for Trumbo's work revolting, and the next day, Douglas called the gate at Universal saying, \"I'd like to leave a pass for Dalton Trumbo.\" Douglas writes, \"For the first time in ten years, [Trumbo] walked on to a studio lot."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film was re-released in 1967, without 23 minutes that had been in the original release."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "The 2015 restoration had originally been scheduled to have its theatrical premiere in March 2015 at the TCM Classic Film Festival, but was pulled from the festival, and from a July 2015 engagement in Chicago, because the restoration had not been completed in time."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "For the 1991 release, the same 23 minutes were restored by Robert A. Harris, as were another 14 minutes that had been cut from the film before its original release."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Screenwriter Dalton Trumbo was blacklisted at the time as one of the Hollywood Ten."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "The film opened to the public on October 6, 1960 at the DeMille Theatre in New York City after four days of invitational previews."
}
] |
Spartacus was released for the first time in Los Angeles.
| 0 | 2 |
Spartacus (film)
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time."
}
] |
yz2OF651meQHBZFYGcKh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "According to the RIAA she is the only female artist in history to have three (consecutive) albums certified Diamond by the RIAA."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "It is also the eighth biggest-selling album by any type of artist in the US and the top selling country album in history."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "She continued to break international boundaries for country music and female crossover artists."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "and is the sixth best-selling female artist in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1994: Shania Twain",
"text": "However, Twain's future success generated enough interest for the album to be certified platinum six years later by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over 1 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2002–2004: Up!",
"text": "In January 2008, Up! had sold 5.5 million copies in the US and was certified by the RIAA as 11x platinum (the organization counts double albums as two units)."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2010: Greatest Hits and delay of new album",
"text": "As of 2012, it had sold over 4.15 million copies in the US."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Her third studio album, Come On Over (1997), became the best-selling studio album of all time by a female act in any genre and the best-selling country album, selling nearly 40 million copies worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1997–2001: Come On Over and international pop breakthrough",
"text": "The album stayed on the charts for the next two years, going on to sell 40 million copies worldwide, making it the biggest-selling album of all time by a female musician."
}
] |
Shania Twain has sold over 100 million records and is the best-selling female artist in country music history, and the only female artist in history to have three (consecutive) albums certified Diamond by the RIAA.
| 0 | 0 |
Shania Twain
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Although Let It Be was the Beatles' final album release, it was largely recorded before Abbey Road."
}
] |
yz5EEFsKMwbiBAdZCtCZ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Although Let It Be was the Beatles' final album release, it was largely recorded before Abbey Road."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Released on 26 September, Abbey Road sold four million copies within three months and topped the UK charts for a total of seventeen weeks."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "The primary recording sessions for Abbey Road began on 2 July."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Its accompanying single, \"The Long and Winding Road\", was the Beatles' last; it was released in the US, but not in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Abbey Road received mixed reviews, although the medley met with general acclaim."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "Martin stated that he was surprised when McCartney asked him to produce another album, as the Get Back sessions had been \"a miserable experience\" and he had \"thought it was the end of the road for all of us\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "The Beatles broke their own record for the album with the longest gap between topping the charts as Abbey Road hit the top spot 50 years after its original release."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "McCartney's demands that the alterations to the song be reverted were ignored, and he publicly announced his departure from the band on 10 April, a week before the release of his first, self-titled solo album."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1966–1970: Studio years | Abbey Road, Let It Be and separation",
"text": "On 8 May 1970, Let It Be was released."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–present: After the break-up | 2010s",
"text": "Similar box sets were released for The Beatles in November 2018, and Abbey Road in September 2019."
}
] |
Abbey Road was the Beatles' final album release.
| 1 | 4 |
The Beatles
|
Technology
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of Silicon Valley, at 1–6 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California."
}
] |
yzLEclM4iyfHojDR1taR
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Apple Inc.'s world corporate headquarters are located in the middle of Silicon Valley, at 1–6 Infinite Loop, Cupertino, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate identity | Headquarters",
"text": "Sobrato Development Cos. Apple has a satellite campus in neighboring Sunnyvale, California, where it houses a testing and research laboratory."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2007: Return to profitability",
"text": "On May 19, 2001, Apple opened its first official eponymous retail stores in Virginia and California."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2011–present: Post–Steve Jobs era; Tim Cook leadership",
"text": "On May 14, 2020, Apple acquired NextVR, a virtual reality company, based in Newport Beach, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate culture | Lack of innovation",
"text": "\"Siri is a textbook of leading on something in tech and then losing an edge despite having all the money and the talent and sitting in Silicon Valley\", Holger Mueller, a technology analyst, told the Journal."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Environmental practices and initiatives | Apple Energy",
"text": "As of June 6, 2016, Apple's solar farms in California and Nevada have been declared to provide 217.9 megawatts of solar generation capacity."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2007–2011: Success with mobile devices",
"text": "Alongside peer entities such as Atari and Cisco Systems, Apple was featured in the documentary Something Ventured, which premiered in 2011 and explored the three-decade era that led to the establishment and dominance of Silicon Valley."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Environmental practices and initiatives | Energy and resources",
"text": "Liam was introduced to the world, an advanced robotic disassembler and sorter designed by Apple Engineers in California specifically for recycling outdated or broken iPhones."
},
{
"section_header": "Corporate affairs | Corporate culture | Lack of innovation",
"text": "Apple quickly released an update, done during the nighttime in Cupertino, California time and outside of their usual software release window, with one of the headlining features of the update needing to be delayed for a few days."
}
] |
Apple Inc. moved it's headquarters from Sunnydale, California to Silicon Valley, California.
| 0 | 5 |
Apple Inc.
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor."
}
] |
yznKP1vE1oxEZ19N3ed1
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 1990s: Film breakthrough, Oscar win",
"text": "Rush also continued his work in theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Theatre work",
"text": "Following these, Rush left for Paris where he studied further."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rush was born in Toowoomba, Queensland, the son of Merle (Bischof), a department store sales assistant, and Roy Baden Rush, an accountant for the Royal Australian Air Force."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rush began his career with QTC in 1971, appearing in 17 productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Theatre work",
"text": "Rush made his film debut in the Australian film Hoodwink in 1981."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Rush lives in Melbourne, and spent several years in Castlemaine, Victoria."
},
{
"section_header": "Defamation case",
"text": "When testifying over a text sent by Rush to Norvill about him \"thinking of you more than is socially appropriate\", Rush said that he was only using mentoring talk and that a drooling emoji sent to her was the closest to one he wanted to send."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Geoffrey Roy Rush (born 6 July 1951) is an Australian actor."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1980s: Theatre work",
"text": "Rush made his theatre debut in the QTC's production of Wrong Side of the Moon."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2000s: Pirates of the Caribbean films",
"text": "In 2006, Rush hosted the Australian Film Institute Awards for the Nine Network."
}
] |
Rush is from Ireland.
| 0 | 0 |
Geoffrey Rush
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "Death of a Salesman was welcomed in China."
}
] |
yzo71PrsHG0LAhBoya7G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Rajinder Paul said that \"Death of a Salesman has only an indirect influence on Indian theatre practitions.\" However, it was translated and produced in Bengali as 'Pheriwalar Mrityu' by the theater group Nandikar."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "Death of a Salesman was welcomed in China."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "Some people, such as Eric Keown, think of Death of a Salesman as \"a potential tragedy deflected from its true course by Marxist sympathies.\" The play was hailed as \"the most important and successful night\" in Hebbel-Theater in Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In Germany",
"text": "It was said that \"it was impossible to get the audience to leave the theatre\" at the end of the performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Reality and illusion",
"text": "Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In the United States",
"text": "Death of a Salesman first opened on February 10, 1949, to great success."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Death of a Salesman is a 1949 stage play written by American playwright Arthur Miller."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In India",
"text": "Compared to Tennessee Williams and Beckett, Arthur Miller and his Death of a Salesman were less influential."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "\" The Chinese father always wants his sons to be 'dragons.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | In China",
"text": "It is easier for the Chinese public to understand the relationship between father and son because \"One thing about the play that is very Chinese is the way Willy tries to make his sons successful."
}
] |
Chinese audiences did not appreciate Death of a Salesman when it came to theaters.
| 1 | 4 |
Death of a Salesman
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport is the third busiest airport serving New York City, and the twentieth busiest in the United States."
}
] |
z022nFuer6xt3r50Z6W8
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport has been ranked in numerous customer surveys as the worst in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The airport is the third busiest airport serving New York City, and the twentieth busiest in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later development",
"text": "In late 2006, construction began to replace the Wallace Harrison designed air traffic control tower built in 1962 with a more modern one."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Opening and early years",
"text": "Transatlantic landplane airline flights started in late 1945; some continued after Idlewild (now John F. Kennedy International) opened in July 1948, but the last ones shifted to Idlewild in April 1951."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Reconstruction | Reconstruction work",
"text": "On July 27, 2015, Governor Andrew Cuomo, joined by then-Vice President Joe Biden, announced a $4 billion plan to rebuild the terminals as one contiguous building with terminal bridges connecting buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Facilities | Other facilities",
"text": "Its LaGuardia Airport Command is located in Building 137."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport covers 680 acres (280 ha).In 2016, LaGuardia Airport had a strong growth in passenger traffic; about 29.8 million passengers used the airport, a 14.2 percent increase from the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is an airport in Queens, New York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later development",
"text": "US Airways Shuttle flights would have moved to the Marine Air Terminal, and mainline US Airways flights would have moved to Terminal D (the present Delta terminal).The United States Department of Transportation announced that they would approve the Delta/US Airways transaction under the condition that they sell slots to other airlines."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Later development",
"text": "Although LaGuardia was a large airport for the era in which it was built, it soon became too small."
}
] |
LaGuardia Airport is one of the top 20 busiest airports in the United States, and ranked one of the worst as well.
| 0 | 0 |
LaGuardia Airport
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Final years and forced resignation",
"text": "Bismarck was succeeded as Imperial Chancellor and Minister President of Prussia by Leo von Caprivi."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Reputation",
"text": "The historian Jonathan Steinberg portrays a demonic genius who was deeply vengeful, even toward his closest friends and family members: [Bismarck's friend, German diplomat Kurd von Schlözer] began to see Bismarck as a kind of malign genius who, behind the various postures, concealed an ice-cold contempt for his fellow human beings and a methodical determination to control and ruin them."
}
] |
z1CM9BxuvbIuerdtSvpF
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Final years and forced resignation",
"text": "Steinberg sums up: Thus ended the extraordinary public career of Otto von Bismarck, who ... had presided over the affairs of a state he made great and glorious. ... Now the humble posture that he had necessarily adopted in his written communications with his royal master had become his real posture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg (born von Bismarck-Schönhausen; German: Otto Eduard Leopold Fürst von Bismarck, Herzog zu Lauenburg; 1 April 1815 – 30 July 1898), known as Otto von Bismarck (German: [ˈɔto fɔn ˈbɪsmaʁk] (listen)), was a conservative German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890, in which capacity he dominated European affairs for two decades."
},
{
"section_header": "Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles",
"text": "1815–1865: Junker Otto von Bismarck 1865–1871: His Illustrious Highness The Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen 1871–1890: His Serene Highness The Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen 1890–1898: His Serene Highness The Prince of Bismarck, Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of LauenburgBismarck was created Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen (\"Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen\") in 1865; this comital title is borne by all his descendants in the male line."
},
{
"section_header": "Downfall | Final years and forced resignation",
"text": "Bismarck was succeeded as Imperial Chancellor and Minister President of Prussia by Leo von Caprivi."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the German Empire | Social legislation | Early legislation",
"text": "The usual help for the poor, however, leaves a lot to be desired, especially in large cities, where it is very much worse than in the country."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy and memory | Reputation",
"text": "The historian Jonathan Steinberg portrays a demonic genius who was deeply vengeful, even toward his closest friends and family members: [Bismarck's friend, German diplomat Kurd von Schlözer] began to see Bismarck as a kind of malign genius who, behind the various postures, concealed an ice-cold contempt for his fellow human beings and a methodical determination to control and ruin them."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the German Empire",
"text": "The office of Minister President of Prussia was temporarily separated from that of Chancellor in 1873, when Albrecht von Roon was appointed to the former office."
},
{
"section_header": "Chancellor of the German Empire | Foreign policies | France",
"text": "Bismarck had no desire for war either, and the crisis soon blew over."
},
{
"section_header": "Minister President of Prussia | Unification of Germany",
"text": "The King of Prussia, as German Emperor, was not sovereign over the entirety of Germany; he was only primus inter pares, or first among equals."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Around age 30, Bismarck formed an intense friendship with Marie von Thadden, newly married to one of his friends, Moritz von Blanckenburg."
}
] |
Otto von Bismarck presided over the Germans with poor posture and scandal.
| 0 | 0 |
Otto von Bismarck
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, he managed the Browns in 1952 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1952 to 1953."
}
] |
z1byy51arKMZejZkGf4C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "By the age of 15, Hornsby was already playing for several semi-professional teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After retiring as a player, he managed the Browns in 1952 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1952 to 1953."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fort Worth, Texas, Hornsby played for several semi-professional and minor league teams."
},
{
"section_header": "Later baseball career",
"text": "Following his release from the Browns, Hornsby was unable to retire because he had lost so much money gambling over the years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Rogers Hornsby Sr. (April 27, 1896 – January 5, 1963), nicknamed \"The Rajah\", was an American baseball infielder, manager, and coach who played 23 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB)."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1915–1919",
"text": "During the offseason, Miller Huggins, unhappy with the Cardinals' management, left the team to manage the New York Yankees."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Hornsby started playing baseball at a very young age; he once said, \"I can't remember anything that happened before I had a baseball in my hand.\" He took a job with the Swift and Company meat industry plant as a messenger boy when he was 10, and he also served as a substitute infielder on its baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Chicago Cubs",
"text": "Over the next year-and-a-half, Veeck grew increasingly dissatisfied with Hornsby, believing his autocratic managing style hurt team morale."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Billy played baseball for several years in the minor leagues, but never reached the majors."
},
{
"section_header": "St. Louis Cardinals | 1915–1919",
"text": "He rotated among infield positions before finally settling in at third base for much of the second half of the year."
}
] |
Hornsby was a manager several teams after his retirement as an infielder.
| 0 | 0 |
Rogers Hornsby
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "King found influence in the mythology and history surrounding the construction of the sewer system in Bangor, Maine."
}
] |
z2Mpfnh780JHXfYvcL5I
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1984–1985",
"text": "Before he goes, he takes Audra, still catatonic, for a ride on Silver, which awakens her from her catatonia, and they share a kiss."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | 1957–1958",
"text": "After the battle, not knowing if they killed It or not, the Losers get lost in the sewers until they take part in an orgy to bring unity back to the group."
},
{
"section_header": "Development",
"text": "King found influence in the mythology and history surrounding the construction of the sewer system in Bangor, Maine."
}
] |
It takes place mainly in vents.
| 0 | 0 |
It (novel)
|
History
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party was largely focused on the single issue of opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States."
}
] |
z2VZjIDZJVsITlgi9gPp
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Wilmot Proviso",
"text": "Unlike some Northern Whigs, Wilmot and other anti-slavery Democrats were largely unconcerned by the issue of racial equality, and instead opposed the expansion of slavery because they believed the institution was detrimental to the \"laboring white man."
},
{
"section_header": "Base of support",
"text": "One leading women's rights activist, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was the wife of Free Soil leader Henry Brewster Stanton and a cousin of Free Soil Congressman Gerrit Smith."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party was largely focused on the single issue of opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Republican Party",
"text": "Many of the larger conventions agreed to nominate a fusion ticket of candidate opposed to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, and some adopted portions of the Free Soil platform from 1848 and 1852."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Between elections, 1849–1852",
"text": "Free Soilers strongly opposed this proposal, focusing especially on the fugitive slave law."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Republican Party",
"text": "One of these groups met in Ripon, Wisconsin, and agreed to establish a new party known as the Republican Party in the event that the Kansas–Nebraska Act passed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "Most leaders of both parties opposed opening the question of annexation in 1843 due to their fear of stoking the debate over slavery; the annexation of Texas was widely viewed as a pro-slavery initiative because it would add another slave state to the union."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Led by individuals like Salmon P. Chase of Ohio, John P. Hale of New Hampshire, and Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, the Free Soilers strongly opposed the Compromise of 1850, which temporarily settled the issue of slavery in the Mexican Cession."
},
{
"section_header": "Base of support",
"text": "About one-fifth of those who voted for Van Buren were former members of the Liberty Party, though a small number of Liberty Party members voted for Gerrit Smith instead."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Free Soilers in the Republican Party",
"text": "Like their Free Soil predecessors, Republican leaders in the late 1850s generally did not call for the abolition of slavery, but instead sought to prevent the extension of slavery into the territories."
}
] |
The Free Soil Party was mostly engrossed on opposing the spread of slavery.
| 1 | 4 |
Free Soil Party
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Communism 1945–1989",
"text": "Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union."
}
] |
z2qUvY8IQ2vvTG4mAY7h
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | World War II 1941–1945",
"text": "Hungary formally entered World War II as an Axis Power on 26 June 1941, declaring war on the Soviet Union after unidentified planes bombed Kassa, Munkács, and Rahó."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II 1941–1945",
"text": "The war left Hungary devastated, destroying over 60% of the economy and causing significant loss of life."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II 1941–1945",
"text": "Szálasi pledged all the country's capabilities in service of the German war machine."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Following the tumultuous interwar period, Hungary joined the Axis Powers in World War II, suffering significant damage and casualties."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Third Republic 1989–present",
"text": "József Antall became the first democratically elected Prime Minister since World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The \"H\" in the name of Hungary (and Latin Hungaria) is most likely due to founded historical associations with the Huns, who had settled Hungary prior to the Avars."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Religion",
"text": "Orthodox Christianity in Hungary is associated with the country's ethnic minorities:Armenians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Romanians, Rusyns, Ukrainians, and Serbs."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II 1941–1945",
"text": "After German occupation, Hungary participated in the Holocaust."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II 1941–1945",
"text": "In October, as the Soviet front approached and the Hungarian government made further efforts to disengage from the war, German troops ousted Horthy and installed a puppet government under Szálasi's fascist Arrow Cross Party."
},
{
"section_header": "History | World War II 1941–1945",
"text": "200,000 Hungarians were expelled from Czechoslovakia in exchange for 70,000 Slovaks living in Hungary."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Communism 1945–1989",
"text": "Following the defeat of Nazi Germany, Hungary became a satellite state of the Soviet Union."
}
] |
After World War II, Hungary was associated with the USSR.
| 0 | 0 |
Hungary
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Banks's visions of her daughter, Hannah, are revealed to actually be premonitions; her daughter will not be born until some time in the future."
}
] |
z2x7iCDFLansvtSDhmlO
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered one of the best films of 2016, Arrival appeared on numerous critics' year-end lists and was selected by the American Film Institute as one of ten \"Movies of the Year\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "They talk about life choices and whether he would change them if he could see the future."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Linguistics",
"text": "Heisserer said at the Alamo Drafthouse's Fantastic Fest premiere of Arrival at the end of September 2016 that Shang's wife's last words, translated into English, were \"In war, there are no winners, only widows\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Visual effects",
"text": "\"Rodeo FX completed 60 visual shots for the film, and stated that the biggest challenge for them was the sequence in which Louise and Ian first enter the alien craft."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Linguist Louise Banks's daughter, Hannah, dies at the age of twelve from an incurable illness."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office",
"text": "It ended up grossing $24.1 million over the weekend, finishing third at the box office."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "And there is a mid-film revelation—less a sudden twist than sleek unwinding of everything you think you know—that feels, when it hits you, like your seat is tipping back.\" Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com gave the film three out of four: \"It's a movie designed to simultaneously challenge viewers, move them and get them talking."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Filming",
"text": "The scenes of the university where Banks teaches were shot at HEC Montréal."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Writing for USA Today, Brian Truitt referred to Adams as a \"definite Oscar contender, and credited Adams as \"spectacular in giving Louise the right emotional balance\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Arrival is a 2016 American science fiction film directed by Denis Villeneuve and written by Eric Heisserer."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Banks's visions of her daughter, Hannah, are revealed to actually be premonitions; her daughter will not be born until some time in the future."
}
] |
At the end of the film Arrival, Louise Banks realizes she can talk with the dead.
| 0 | 0 |
Arrival (film)
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world."
}
] |
z31bV5meAVoF1hYyFQQG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern library: Bibliotheca Alexandrina",
"text": "The idea of reviving the ancient Library of Alexandria in the modern era was first proposed in 1974, when Lotfy Dowidar was president of the University of Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In antiquity",
"text": "The Library of Alexandria was one of the largest and most prestigious libraries of the ancient world, but it was far from the only one."
},
{
"section_header": "Under Ptolemaic patronage | Founding",
"text": "The Library was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world, but details about it are a mixture of history and legend."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | In antiquity",
"text": "In late antiquity, as the Roman Empire became Christianized, Christian libraries modeled directly on the Library of Alexandria and other great libraries of earlier pagan times began to be founded all across the Greek-speaking eastern part of the empire."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern library: Bibliotheca Alexandrina",
"text": "Egypt devoted four hectares of land for the building of the Library and established the National High Commission for the Library of Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical background",
"text": "A long tradition of libraries existed in both Greece and in the ancient Near East."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Modern library: Bibliotheca Alexandrina",
"text": "Completed in 2002, the Bibliotheca Alexandrina now functions as a modern library and cultural center, commemorating the original Library of Alexandria."
},
{
"section_header": "Decline | Roman Period and destruction",
"text": "The scholars who worked and studied at the Library of Alexandria during the time of the Roman Empire were less well known than the ones who had studied there during the Ptolemaic Period."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Between 270 and 275 AD, the city of Alexandria saw a rebellion and an imperial counterattack that probably destroyed whatever remained of the Library, if it still existed at that time."
}
] |
Library of Alexandria is the smallest library of the ancient times.
| 1 | 3 |
Library of Alexandria
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edgar Charles \"Sam\" Rice (February 20, 1890 – October 13, 1974) was an American pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball."
}
] |
z37qOZYgCn9VCkq3FPef
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major league career | The catch",
"text": "In the middle of the 8th inning, Rice was moved from center field to right field."
},
{
"section_header": "Early baseball career",
"text": "Leigh is credited with two acts which influenced Rice's subsequent career: he changed the player's name from \"Edgar\" to \"Sam\", and he convinced the Senators to let Rice play in the outfield instead of pitching."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "Though the team lost, Rice batted once in the second game, picking up a pinch hit single."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rice had to attend two funerals: one for his parents and sisters, and a second for his wife and children."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Later career",
"text": "The Senators held \"Sam Rice Day\" in late 1932, where the team presented him with several gifts, including a check for more than $2200 and a new Studebaker automobile."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Playing for the Washington Senators from 1915 until 1933, he was regularly among the American League leaders in runs scored, hits, stolen bases and batting average."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | The catch",
"text": "With two out in the top of the inning, Pirate catcher Earl Smith drove a ball to right-center field."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | First MLB seasons",
"text": "He hit .338 in 1920, recorded a league-leading and career-high 63 stolen bases and was caught stealing a league-high 30 times."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edgar Charles \"Sam\" Rice (February 20, 1890 – October 13, 1974) was an American pitcher and outfielder in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | First MLB seasons",
"text": "Rice played 19 of his 20 seasons with the Washington Senators."
}
] |
Sam Rice played second base in the majors for most of his career.
| 2 | 3 |
Sam Rice
|
Literature
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Between 1905, when Joyce first sent a manuscript to a publisher, and 1914, when the book was finally published, Joyce submitted the book 18 times to a total of 15 publishers."
}
] |
z3VkWYP4OBANxbTX5ctv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dubliners is a collection of fifteen short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Between 1905, when Joyce first sent a manuscript to a publisher, and 1914, when the book was finally published, Joyce submitted the book 18 times to a total of 15 publishers."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "He then returned to submitting the manuscript to other publishers, and in 1914 Grant Richards once again agreed to publish the book, using the page proofs saved from Maunsel as copy."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Joyce thereupon resubmitted the manuscript to other publishers, and about three years later (1909) he found a willing candidate in Maunsel & Roberts of Dublin."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Yet, a similar controversy developed and Maunsel too refused to publish it, even threatening to sue Joyce for printing costs already incurred."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "The London house of Grant Richards agreed to publish it in 1905."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "Hugh Leonard adapted six stories as Dublin One which was staged at the Gate Theatre, Dublin, in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Media adaptations",
"text": "The series ended with a dramatization of \"The Dead\", which was first broadcast in 1994 under the title 'Distant Music'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "They centre on Joyce's idea of an epiphany: a moment where a character experiences a life-changing self-understanding or illumination, and the idea of paralysis where Joyce felt Irish nationalism stagnated cultural progression, placing Dublin at the heart of this regressive movement."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history",
"text": "Joyce protested, but eventually did agree to some of the requested changes."
}
] |
The Dubliners was published by the first publisher that James Joyce submitted the stories.
| 1 | 2 |
Dubliners
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amos Wilson Rusie (May 30, 1871 – December 6, 1942), nicknamed \"The Hoosier Thunderbolt\", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball during the late 19th century."
}
] |
z48zMMPWME0iT5cCfRLu
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "Rusie completed the season with 67 games pitched, 62 games started, 56 complete games, four shutouts, 548.2 innings pitched,"
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1890–1892",
"text": "Three days later, on May 12, Rusie was on the winning side of a pitching duel with future Hall of Famer Kid Nichols, in a game that ended with a home run by the Giants' Mike Tiernan in the 13th inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Although his fastball was difficult to hit, he did not have good control of it, walking 116 batters in 225 innings pitched, although he struck out 109 and led the league with 11 games finished (as a relief pitcher)."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "This was partially out of respect for Rusie."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rusie was born on May 30, 1871 in Mooresville, Indiana, to mason and plasterer William Asbury Rusie and his wife Mary Donovan."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Rusie died in Seattle, Washington, in 1942."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "In 1894, Rusie won pitching's triple crown."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "Owners implored Rusie and Freedman to compromise; neither would budge."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "The 1893 campaign was a truly extraordinary one for Amos Rusie."
},
{
"section_header": "New York Giants | 1893–1898",
"text": "Rusie won his last strikeout crown in the 1895 campaign with 201."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Amos Wilson Rusie (May 30, 1871 – December 6, 1942), nicknamed \"The Hoosier Thunderbolt\", was an American right-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball during the late 19th century."
}
] |
Rusie was referred to sometimes as "The Lightning" in MLB.
| 0 | 0 |
Amos Rusie
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Gates co-founded Microsoft with childhood friend Paul Allen in 1975, in Albuquerque, New Mexico; it went on to become the world's largest personal computer software company."
}
] |
z4WVitYqgJGxfPv6EZy9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | External business ventures and investments (partial list)",
"text": "I freight railway. As of 2019, Bill Gates is the largest single shareholder of CN stock."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Born and raised in Seattle, Washington, Gates co-founded Microsoft with childhood friend Paul Allen in 1975, in Albuquerque, New Mexico; it went on to become the world's largest personal computer software company."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), president and chief software architect, while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He has given sizable amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, reported to be the world's largest private charity."
},
{
"section_header": "Philanthropy | Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation",
"text": "Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller, and donated some of his Microsoft stock in 1994 to create the \"William H. Gates Foundation.\" In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations and Gates donated stock valued at $5 billion to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which was identified by the Funds for NGOs company in 2013, as the world's wealthiest charitable foundation, with assets reportedly valued at more than $34.6 billion."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1975, the MITS Altair 8800 was released based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw the opportunity to start their own computer software company."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | External business ventures and investments (partial list)",
"text": "Canadian National Railway (CN), a Canadian Class"
},
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | IBM partnership",
"text": "IBM, the leading supplier of computer equipment to commercial enterprises at the time, approached Microsoft in July 1980 concerning software for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC."
},
{
"section_header": "Microsoft | BASIC",
"text": "This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "At the end of the ban, they offered to find bugs in CCC's software in exchange for extra computer time."
}
] |
Bill Gates co-founded the world's largest personal computer software company and is the largest single shareholder of CN stock.
| 0 | 0 |
Bill Gates
|
Sports
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lloyd was a janitor for the Atlantic City School System, including Atlantic City High School."
}
] |
z5omdXjFiyKcQfMzzexX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Before Lloyd had completed elementary school, he had to go to work full-time."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "Lloyd finished up his career managing the Bacharach Giants in 1931–32, and upon his retirement settled permanently in Atlantic City."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "In 1918, Lloyd served as player manager of the Brooklyn Royal Giants, leaving the club early to work for the Army Quartermaster Depot in Chicago."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "He acquired the nickname \"El Cuchara\", which translates to \"The Shovel\" or \"The Tablespoon\", a reference to his ability to field batted balls."
},
{
"section_header": "Later career",
"text": "In Cuba he was called La Cuchara, \"The Spoon,\" either due to his practice of scooping up ground balls, or because of his prominent chin."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Henry \"Pop\" Lloyd (April 25, 1884 – March 19, 1964), nicknamed \"El Cuchara\", was an American baseball shortstop and manager in the Negro leagues."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "The team was named after politico Nucky Johnson and was later known as the Farley Stars after powerful state senator Frank S. Farley. (Farley had driven the creation of Atlantic City's Pop Lloyd Field to gain support from the city's large black population.) Lloyd could not run well by that time and he shifted to playing first base, but a former teammate said that he was still able to hit line drives."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Lloyd is thought to have been born in Palatka, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was a descendant of slaves and his father had died when Lloyd was a baby."
},
{
"section_header": "Early career",
"text": "In 1914, Lloyd travelled west again to play for the American Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "Lloyd was a janitor for the Atlantic City School System, including Atlantic City High School."
}
] |
After he retired from pro ball, Pop Lloyd worked for a factory as a nighttime security guard.
| 0 | 1 |
Pop Lloyd
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film won several accolades, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Grammy Awards."
}
] |
z5uMEQwUSOb7CH1Ez5wd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "\" Skyfall\" also won the Brit Award for Best British Single at the 2013 BRIT Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film won several accolades, including two Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards and two Grammy Awards."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "The song was nominated for and won the Academy Award for Best Original Song."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Skyfall is a 2012 spy film and the twenty-third in the James Bond series produced by Eon Productions."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Music",
"text": "It was the first time a Bond song had won, and the fourth time one had been nominated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the fourteenth film to gross over $1 billion worldwide, and the only James Bond film to do so."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues, although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras."
},
{
"section_header": "Cast",
"text": "Daniel Craig as James Bond, agent 007."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production | Casting",
"text": "Over the course of the film, M's ability to run MI6 is called into question, culminating in a public inquiry into her running of the service."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Pre-production",
"text": "On 30 August Eon Productions officially denied any link between Bond 23 and Carte Blanche, stating that \"the new film is not going to be called Carte Blanche and will have nothing to do with the Jeffery Deaver book\"."
}
] |
The 23rd James Bond film is called Skyfall and won awards.
| 0 | 0 |
Skyfall
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Roman London",
"text": "Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans about four years after the invasion of AD 43."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman London",
"text": "At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000."
}
] |
z6Ke0RJR4fYXkF2G4ly2
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Geography | Architecture",
"text": "Nelson's Column is a nationally recognised monument in Trafalgar Square, one of the focal points of central London."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman London",
"text": "At its height in the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman London",
"text": "The next, heavily planned, incarnation of Londinium prospered, and it superseded Colchester as the capital of the Roman province of Britannia in 100."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Roman London",
"text": "Although there is evidence of scattered Brythonic settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the Romans about four years after the invasion of AD 43."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Topography",
"text": "Historically London grew up at the lowest bridging point on the Thames."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Londinium was founded by the Romans."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Anglo-Saxon and Viking period London",
"text": "With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London ceased to be a capital, and the walled city of Londinium was effectively abandoned, although Roman civilisation continued in the area of St Martin-in-the-Fields until around 450."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Architecture",
"text": "Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the City."
},
{
"section_header": "Administration | Local government",
"text": "National Health Service ambulance services are provided by the London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust, the largest free-at-the-point-of-use emergency ambulance service in the world."
},
{
"section_header": "Economy | The City of London",
"text": "London is one of the pre-eminent financial centres of the world as the most important location for international finance."
}
] |
London was settled by the Romans at one point.
| 0 | 0 |
London
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri."
}
] |
z6TTZ8368sGhSsridTzT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri."
},
{
"section_header": "Tourism",
"text": "The small town to the south of the Taj, known as Taj Ganji or Mumtazabad, was initially constructed with caravanserais, bazaars and markets to serve the needs of visitors and workers."
},
{
"section_header": "Myths",
"text": "This case was brought by Amar Nath Mishra, a social worker and preacher who says that the Taj Mahal was built by the Hindu King Parmar Dev in 1196.A theory that the Taj Mahal was designed by an Italian, Geronimo Vereneo, held sway for a brief period after it was first promoted by Henry George Keene in 1879 who went by a translation of a Spanish work Itinerario, (The Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique, 1629–1643)."
}
] |
The conctruction of it employed 20,000 workers .
| 1 | 6 |
Taj Mahal
|
Music
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With constant touring, and the support of college radio following years of underground success, R.E.M. achieved a mainstream hit with the 1987 single \"The One I Love\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1988, and began to espouse political and environmental concerns while playing large arenas worldwide."
}
] |
z6eE3k5UvhhFM5AJGWXo
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1996, R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. for a reported US$80 million, at the time the most expensive recording contract ever."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The group signed to Warner Bros. Records in 1988, and began to espouse political and environmental concerns while playing large arenas worldwide."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "R.E.M. re-signed with Warner Bros. Records in 1996 for a reported $80 million (a figure the band constantly asserted originated with the media), rumored to be the largest recording contract in history at that point."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "Frustrated that its records did not see satisfactory overseas distribution, R.E.M. left I.R.S. when its contract expired and signed with the major label Warner Bros. Records."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1980–1982: Formation and first releases",
"text": "Dr. Rafael Pelayo reports that when his colleague Dr. William Dement, the sleep scientist who coined the term REM, reached out to the band, Dr. Dement was told that the band was named \"not after REM sleep\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1997–2006: Continuing as three-piece with mixed success",
"text": "\"In 2003, Warner Bros. released the compilation album and DVD"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup releases and events",
"text": "Digital download collections of I.R.S. and Warner Bros. rarities followed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Post-breakup releases and events",
"text": "In December 2015, the band members agreed to a distribution deal with Concord Bicycle Music to re-release their Warner Bros. albums."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "The band's 1988 Warner Bros. debut, Green, was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee, and showcased the group experimenting with its sound."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1997: International breakout and alternative rock stardom",
"text": "Though other labels offered more money, R.E.M. ultimately signed with Warner Bros.—reportedly for an amount between $6 million and $12 million—due to the company's assurance of total creative freedom. (Jay Boberg claimed that R.E.M.'s deal with Warner Bros. was for $22 million, which Peter Buck disputed as \"definitely wrong\".) In the aftermath of the group's departure, I.R.S. released the 1988 \"best of\" compilation Eponymous (assembled with input from the band members) to capitalize on assets the company still possessed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "With constant touring, and the support of college radio following years of underground success, R.E.M. achieved a mainstream hit with the 1987 single \"The One I Love\"."
}
] |
The R.E.M. band signed with Warner Bros. in 1991.
| 2 | 5 |
R.E.M.
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith cheered on his son Nikko as he cracked the top 10 finalists of the 2005 edition of American Idol."
}
] |
z6l3wkQ8op17GiMyCEje
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith cheered on his son Nikko as he cracked the top 10 finalists of the 2005 edition of American Idol."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Smith is the father to three children from his marriage to former wife Denise; sons Nikko and Dustin, and daughter Taryn."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1982–1984",
"text": "\"Smith became a father for the first time during the 1982 season with the birth of his son O.J., today known as Nikko, on April 28."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "\"Because of his injury, Smith let his then four-year-old son Nikko perform his traditional Opening Day backflip before the Cardinals' first home game of the 1986 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, after which his son Dustin presented his Hall of Fame plaque."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1987–1990",
"text": "The 1987 World Series matched the Cardinals against the American League champion Minnesota Twins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1965, at age 10, he endured the Watts Riots with his family, recalling that, \"We had to sleep on the floor because of all the sniping and looting going on.\"While"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Later named an All-American athlete, he established school records in career at bats (754) and career stolen bases (110) before graduating in 1977."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | San Diego Padres",
"text": "The Padres played host to the Atlanta Braves on April 20, 1978, and with two out in the top of the fourth inning, Atlanta's Jeff Burroughs hit a ground ball up the middle."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball career | St. Louis Cardinals | 1985–1986",
"text": "In the top of the ninth inning, Phillies pinch-hitter Von Hayes hit a short fly ball to left field, which was pursued by both Smith and left fielder Curt Ford."
}
] |
Ozzie Smith's son, Nikko, was a top 10 finalist of the 2008 edition of American Idol.
| 3 | 6 |
Ozzie Smith
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon his retirement, Baines ranked seventh in American League (AL) history in games played (2,830) and tenth in runs batted in (RBI) (1,628)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Douglas Baines (born March 15, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter (DH), who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and Cleveland Indians, for 22 seasons (1980–2001)."
}
] |
z6nutPzTP0xJXlB5ZP8r
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "\" Baines ended the longest game in major league history (eight hours and six minutes over 25 innings on successive evenings) with a walk-off home run against the Milwaukee Brewers' Chuck Porter on May 8, 1984; the bat he used is currently kept at the Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "In 1990 Baines was traded to the Oakland Athletics for minor league pitchers Scott Chiamparino and Joe Bitker, and he helped them reach the postseason only to be swept by the Cincinnati Reds in the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Upon his retirement, Baines ranked seventh in American League (AL) history in games played (2,830) and tenth in runs batted in (RBI) (1,628)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "In 1992 the Athletics returned to the playoffs, but lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in the ALCS.Prior to the 1993 season, Baines was traded by the A's to the Baltimore Orioles for minor league pitchers Bobby Chouinard and Allen Plaster."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "In 1986, a succession of knee problems began which gradually ended his fielding career, forcing him to become a regular designated hitter."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Baines batted over .300 eight times and hit .324 in 31 career postseason games, topping the .350 mark in five separate series."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors | Hall of Fame candidacy",
"text": "Baines had been eligible for the National Baseball Hall of Fame beginning with the 2007 election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Noted as well for his power hitting in clutch situations, he is tied for seventh in AL history in grand slams (13), fourth in three-home-run games (3), and tied for seventh in major league history in walk-off home runs (10)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career",
"text": "His career RBI total is 34th all-time (through 2019); prior to his induction, he had the ninth highest RBI count among retired players not elected in the Hall of Fame; his hit total ranks 46st"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Baines's hometown of St. Michaels has designated January 9 as Harold Baines Day."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harold Douglas Baines (born March 15, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and designated hitter (DH), who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, Texas Rangers, Oakland Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, and Cleveland Indians, for 22 seasons (1980–2001)."
}
] |
By the end of his career, Harold Baines ranked among the top 10 pitchers in the National League.
| 0 | 0 |
Harold Baines
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gehrig was renowned for his prowess as a hitter and for his durability, which earned him his nickname \"The Iron Horse."
}
] |
z7CBOG8GtEqxpugqHCQK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gehrig was renowned for his prowess as a hitter and for his durability, which earned him his nickname \"The Iron Horse."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | New York Yankees (1923–1939) | 2,130 consecutive games",
"text": "During the streak sportswriters in 1931 nicknamed Gehrig \"the Iron Horse\"."
}
] |
Lou Gehrig earned the nickname "The Iron Horse".
| 1 | 6 |
Lou Gehrig
|
Science
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pierre de Fermat (French: [pjɛːʁ də fɛʁma]) (between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "The oldest and most prestigious high school in Toulouse is named after him: the Lycée Pierre-de-Fermat."
}
] |
z7F1hVMTN2wceQohCq7n
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Fermat thereby became entitled to change his name from Pierre Fermat to Pierre de Fermat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "The oldest and most prestigious high school in Toulouse is named after him: the Lycée Pierre-de-Fermat."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "Pierre de Fermat died on January 12, 1665, at Castres, in the present-day department of Tarn."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Death",
"text": "French sculptor Théophile Barrau made a marble statue named Hommage à Pierre Fermat as a tribute to Fermat, now at the Capitole de Toulouse."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "He attended the University of Orléans from 1623 and received a bachelor in civil law in 1626, before moving to Bordeaux."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "On 1 June 1631, Fermat married Louise de Long, a fourth cousin of his mother Claire de Fermat (née de Long)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Pierre de Fermat (French: [pjɛːʁ də fɛʁma]) (between 31 October and 6 December 1607 – 12 January 1665) was a French lawyer at the Parlement of Toulouse, France, and a mathematician who is given credit for early developments that led to infinitesimal calculus, including his technique of adequality."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Pierre had one brother and two sisters and was almost certainly brought up in the town of his birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Fermat was born in 1607 in Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France—the late 15th-century mansion where Fermat was born is now a museum."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "His mother was Claire de Long."
}
] |
Pierre de Fermat was an Austrian law practitioner.
| 2 | 3 |
Pierre de Fermat
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through to the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood."
}
] |
z7SYllle4eR8XnSdnNMH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "According to Quigley's annual poll, Cooper was one of the top money-making stars for eighteen years, appearing in the top ten in 1936–37, 1941–49, and 1951–57."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Cooper and Arthur spent their summers at the ranch and learned to ride horses, hunt, and fish."
},
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "Worked for Gary Cooper.\" Gary Cooper is referenced several times in the critically acclaimed television series The Sopranos, with protagonist Tony Soprano asking \"What ever happened to Gary Cooper?"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American folk hero, 1936–43 | From The Westerner to For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1940–1943",
"text": "Cooper quickly learned the physical movements of a baseball player and developed a fluid, believable swing."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "The film was a major success."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting style and reputation",
"text": "I really fell in love with Gary Cooper, and his stuff."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting style and reputation",
"text": "High Noon's later Gary Cooper, I liked that."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Silent films, 1925–28",
"text": "Knowing that other actors were using the name \"Frank Cooper\", Collins suggested he change his first name to \"Gary\" after her hometown of Gary, Indiana."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Hollywood stardom, 1929–35",
"text": "Cooper changed his name legally to \"Gary Cooper\" in August 1933."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | American folk hero, 1936–43 | From Mr. Deeds to The Real Glory, 1936–1939",
"text": "Our Mr. Deeds had to symbolize uncorruptibility, and in my mind Gary Cooper was that symbol."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Gary Cooper (born Frank James Cooper; May 7, 1901 – May 13, 1961) was an American actor known for his natural, authentic, and understated acting style."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a major movie star from the end of the silent film era through to the end of the golden age of Classical Hollywood."
}
] |
Gary Cooper spent eighteen years in major league baseball.
| 0 | 0 |
Gary Cooper
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lloyd Webber has been married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Andrew Lloyd Webber was born in Kensington, London, the elder son of William Lloyd Webber (1914–1982), a composer and organist, and Jean Hermione Johnstone (1921–1993), a violinist and pianist."
}
] |
z7XFNy1E7BiAg2Y3iLRG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Other works",
"text": "Requiem (1985) – A classical choral work composed in honour of his father, William."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His father enrolled him as a part-time student at the Eric Gilder School of Music in the spring of 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Shows",
"text": "Note: Music composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber unless otherwise noted."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 1980s",
"text": "The show also runs full-time in a custom-built theatre in Bochum, Germany, where it has been running since 1988.Lloyd Webber wrote a Requiem Mass dedicated to his father, William, who had died in 1982."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1992 he set up the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation which supports the arts, culture and heritage in the UK."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | 1980s",
"text": "Is Your Life in November 1980 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews in the foyer of Thames Television's Euston Road Studios in London."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Andrew Lloyd Webber, Baron Lloyd-Webber (born 22 March 1948) is an English composer and impresario of musical theatre."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "An exhibition of works from his collection was presented at the Royal Academy in 2003 under the title Pre-Raphaelite and Other Masters – The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In 2006, Lloyd Webber planned to sell Portrait of Angel Fernández de Soto by Pablo Picasso to benefit the Andrew Lloyd Webber Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Daily Telegraph ranked him the \"fifth most powerful person in British culture\" in 2008, with lyricist Don Black writing \"Andrew more or less single-handedly reinvented the musical."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Lloyd Webber has been married three times."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Andrew Lloyd Webber was born in Kensington, London, the elder son of William Lloyd Webber (1914–1982), a composer and organist, and Jean Hermione Johnstone (1921–1993), a violinist and pianist."
}
] |
Andrew Lloyd-Webber's father was an engineer.
| 0 | 0 |
Andrew Lloyd-Webber
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Williams was expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for spreading \"new and dangerous ideas\", and he established the Providence Plantations in 1636 as a refuge offering what he called \"liberty of conscience\"."
}
] |
z7vzB1vxbMJXXr1P19En
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with Native Americans, and he was one of the first abolitionists."
},
{
"section_header": "Separation of church and state",
"text": "He declared that the state should concern itself only with matters of civil order, not with religious belief, and he rejected any attempt by civil authorities to enforce the \"first Table\" of the Ten Commandments, those commandments that deal with an individual's relationship with and belief in God."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Williams knew that Puritan leaders planned to migrate to the New World."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Roger Williams (c. 21 December 1603 – between 27 January and 15 March 1683) was a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded Providence Plantations, which became the Colony of Rhode Island."
},
{
"section_header": "Separation of church and state",
"text": "He was convinced that civil government had no basis for meddling in matters of religious belief."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Pequot War and relations with Native Americans",
"text": "Williams was trusted by the Native Americans more than any other Colonist, and he proved trustworthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Return to England and charter matters",
"text": "Freedom of conscience was again proclaimed, and the colony became a safe haven for people who were persecuted for their beliefs, including Baptists, Quakers, and Jews."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Pequot War and relations with Native Americans",
"text": "Williams formed firm friendships and developed deep trust among the Native American tribes, especially the Narragansetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Williams was expelled by the Puritan leaders from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for spreading \"new and dangerous ideas\", and he established the Providence Plantations in 1636 as a refuge offering what he called \"liberty of conscience\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Settlement at Providence | Pequot War and relations with Native Americans",
"text": "The Narragansetts thus became the most powerful Native American tribe in southern New England."
}
] |
Roger Williams (theologian), was upheld by Puritan leaders for his belief in religious freedom and encouraging positive relationships with Native Americans.
| 1 | 4 |
Roger Williams (theologian)
|
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