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stringlengths 3
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race, ethnicity, religion, and languages",
"text": "As of the 2010 census, the ethnic makeup and population of San Francisco included: 390,387 whites (48%), 267,915 Asians (33%), 48,870 African Americans (6%), and others."
}
] |
uRbINvG5KZJPHT3qa8sa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Education, households, and income",
"text": "452,986 people (56%) lived in rental housing units, and 327,985 people (41%) lived in owner-occupied housing units."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race, ethnicity, religion, and languages",
"text": "As of the 2010 census, the ethnic makeup and population of San Francisco included: 390,387 whites (48%), 267,915 Asians (33%), 48,870 African Americans (6%), and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race, ethnicity, religion, and languages",
"text": "San Francisco has a minority-majority population, as non-Hispanic whites comprise less than half of the population, 41.9%, down from 92.5% in 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and contemporary life",
"text": "Since the 1990s, the demand for skilled information technology workers from local startups and nearby Silicon Valley has attracted white-collar workers from all over the world and created a high standard of living in San Francisco."
},
{
"section_header": "Culture and contemporary life | LGBT",
"text": "In 2013, over 1.5 million people attended, around 500,000 more than the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Race, ethnicity, religion, and languages | Ethnic clustering",
"text": "Research collected on the immigrant clusters in the city show that more than half of the Asian population in San Francisco is either Chinese born (40.3%) or Philippine born (13.1%), and of the Mexican population 21% were Mexican born, meaning these are people who recently immigrated to the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Contemporary accounts reported that 498 people lost their lives, though modern estimates put the number in the several thousands."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography",
"text": "Dominating this area is Sutro Tower, a large red and white radio and television transmission tower."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "By the mid-2000s (decade), the social media boom had begun, with San Francisco becoming a popular location for tech offices and a common place to live for people employed in Silicon Valley companies such as Apple and Google."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1974, the Zebra murders left at least 16 people dead."
}
] |
There are more people who are not ethnically white that live in San Francisco than people who are white.
| 0 | 0 |
San Francisco
|
Technology
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Security",
"text": "Observers noted that Adobe was spying on its customers by including spyware in the Creative Suite 3 software and quietly sending user data to a firm named Omniture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
}
] |
uRo6xFEXQzx3bRImGNK1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The company was started in John Warnock's garage."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Adobe Inc. ( ə-DOH-bee), is an American multinational computer software company headquartered in San Jose, California, and incorporated in Delaware."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Security",
"text": "Observers noted that Adobe was spying on its customers by including spyware in the Creative Suite 3 software and quietly sending user data to a firm named Omniture."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "In October 2008, Adobe Systems Canada Inc. was named one of \"Canada's Top 100 Employers\" by Mediacorp Canada Inc. and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Pricing",
"text": "For example, it is significantly cheaper to pay for a return airfare ticket to the United States and purchase one particular collection of Adobe's software there than to buy it locally in Australia."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Customer data breach",
"text": "Security researcher Alex Holden, chief information security officer of Hold Security, characterized this Adobe breach, which affected Acrobat, ColdFusion and numerous other applications, as \"one of the worst in US history\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Customer data breach",
"text": "On October 3, 2013, the company initially revealed that 2.9 million customers' sensitive and personal data was stolen in security breach which included encrypted credit card information."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticisms | Customer data breach",
"text": "Adobe offered its affected US customers a free membership in a credit monitoring service, but no similar arrangements have been made for non-US customers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the same year, Adobe acquired LaserTools Corp and Compution Inc."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In July 2010, Adobe bought Day Software integrating their line of CQ Products: WCM, DAM, SOCO, and MobileIn January 2011, Adobe acquired DemDex, Inc. with the intent of adding DemDex's audience-optimization software to its online marketing suite."
}
] |
The American software company Adobe Inc. was started in a garage and has been criticized for spying on their customers.
| 1 | 3 |
Adobe Inc.
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845 after briefly serving as the tenth vice president in 1841; he was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison."
}
] |
uRw9hePe35e2c1XyGBMH
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In the aftermath of Jackson's determined use of the powers of the Executive Branch, the Whigs wanted the president to be dominated by Congress, and Clay treated Tyler as a subordinate."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Annexation of Texas | 1844 candidacy",
"text": "He formed a third party, the Democratic-Republicans, using the officeholders and political networks he had built over the previous year."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | U.S. Senate | Democratic maverick",
"text": "Tyler was particularly offended by Jackson's use of the recess appointment power to name three treaty commissioners to meet with emissaries from the Ottoman Empire, and introduced a bill chastising the president for this."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | U.S. House of Representatives",
"text": "He believed each state should construct necessary projects within its borders using locally generated funds."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | Return to state politics",
"text": "The congressional nominating caucus, an early system for choosing presidential candidates, was still used despite its growing unpopularity."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | U.S. Senate | Break with the party",
"text": "Tyler, who sympathized with South Carolina's reasons for nullification, rejected Jackson's use of military force against a state and gave a speech in February 1833 outlining his views."
},
{
"section_header": "Political rise | U.S. Senate | Break with the party",
"text": "President Jackson, who denied such a right, prepared to sign a Force Bill allowing the federal government to use military action to enforce the tariff."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845) | Economic policy and party conflicts | Impeachment attempt",
"text": "The Botts resolution was tabled until the following January when it was rejected by a vote of 127 to 83.A House select committee headed by John Quincy Adams, an ardent abolitionist who disliked slaveholders like Tyler, condemned the president's use of the veto and assailed his character."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (1841–1845)",
"text": "However, Tyler never wavered from his conviction that he was the rightful president; when his political opponents sent correspondence to the White House addressed to the \"vice president\" or \"acting president\", Tyler had it returned unopened."
},
{
"section_header": "1840 presidential election | Adding Tyler to the ticket",
"text": "he did not say this until after the subsequent break between President Tyler and the Whig Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth president of the United States from 1841 to 1845 after briefly serving as the tenth vice president in 1841; he was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with President William Henry Harrison."
}
] |
Tyler was the 10th president of the US.
| 0 | 0 |
John Tyler
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "It grossed $27,900,000 in foreign countries including $8,755,794 of the United Kingdom, $2,761,258 of Australia, making a worldwide total gross of $55,198,285."
}
] |
uS8RZ4JDT3R80cSRqc0q
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack, and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "It grossed $27,900,000 in foreign countries including $8,755,794 of the United Kingdom, $2,761,258 of Australia, making a worldwide total gross of $55,198,285."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Box office",
"text": "After a total of 182 days, the film ended its American theatrical run on May 1, 2014 with a gross of $27,298,285 in North America."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Presidential biographer and PEN-USA winner Bill Minutaglio wrote the first magazine profile of The Dallas Buyers Club in 1992."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades",
"text": "The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film grossed over $52 million worldwide against a budget of $5 million."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States on November 1, 2013, by Focus Features, entering wide release on November 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Upon its premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival, Dallas Buyers Club received universal acclaim by critics and audiences, who greatly praised the film for its acting (particularly for McConaughey and Leto), screenplay and direction."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On April 23, 2013, Focus Features acquired the United States and Latin American distribution rights for the theatrical release of the film."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\" The Wrap's Alonso Duralde said why he watched the film, \"McConaughey is the only reason to see Dallas Buyers Club, but he's enough of a reason to see Dallas Buyers Club."
}
] |
Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film with a worldwide total gross of $55,198,285.
| 0 | 0 |
Dallas Buyers Club
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He was buried at a convent there, in Madrid, but his grave no longer exists."
}
] |
uSNxKd9SaZXJ0vTu8jwX
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Many of Scarlatti's figurations and dissonances are suggestive of the guitar."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "Muzio Clementi brought Scarlatti's sonatas into the classical style by editing what is known to be its first publication."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Other distinctive attributes of Scarlatti's style are the following: The influence of Iberian (Portuguese and Spanish) folk music."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "The many sonatas that were unpublished during Scarlatti's lifetime have appeared in print irregularly in the two and a half centuries since."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Scarlatti's compositions were influenced by the Spanish guitar as can be seen in notes being played repetitively in a rapid manner."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "An example is Scarlatti's use of the Phrygian mode and other tonal inflections more or less alien to European art music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "After this, nothing is known of Scarlatti's life until 1709, when he went to Rome and entered the service of the exiled Polish queen Marie Casimire."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Only a fraction of Scarlatti's compositions were published during his lifetime; Scarlatti himself seems to have overseen the publication in 1738 of the most famous collection, his 30 Essercizi (\"Exercises\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Although the exact dates of composition for these surviving sonatas are not known, Kirkpatrick concludes that they may all have been composed late in Scarlatti's career (after 1735), with the majority perhaps dating from after the composer's sixty-seventh birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas are single movements, mostly in binary form, and some in early sonata form, and mostly written for the harpsichord or the earliest pianofortes. (There are four for organ, and a few for small instrumental group)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career",
"text": "He was buried at a convent there, in Madrid, but his grave no longer exists."
}
] |
Scarlatti's burial site is obsolete.
| 0 | 4 |
Domenico Scarlatti
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A film version was produced in 1958, and there is an operatic setting by Edward Thomas."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Eben – He is twenty-five, tall and sinewy."
}
] |
uSg0MmStoL50yFwo2E59
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Desire Under the Elms is a 1924 play written by Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Desire Under the Elms was inspired by plot elements and characters from the Euripides play Hippolytus."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "In Desire Under the Elms: In the Light of Strindberg's Influence, Murray Hartman also saw strong parallels between Desire Under the Elms and the work of August Strindberg, writing \"At any rate, there is hardly a plot element in the play that cannot be traced to one or more sources in Strindberg.\" He details several elements of O'Neill and Strindberg's biographies that are similar, and how they manifest in Desire Under the Elms, in addition to naming several specific works of Strindberg's, such as The People of Hemsö, The Bridal Crown, and The Son of a Servant."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "O'Neill takes this one step further in Desire Under the Elms and makes Abbie's misguided actions the begetting and murder of her child."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "\" This can be seen in Desire under the Elms through Eben's opinion that Ephraim worked his mother to death and largely drives the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like Mourning Becomes Electra, Desire Under the Elms signifies an attempt by O'Neill to adapt plot elements and themes of Greek tragedy to a rural New England setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "This play was adapted by Balwant Gargi (under the name \"Balde Tibbe\") in Punjabi, Department of Drama and Dramatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, as the second—year final production of 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "Broadway (1952) – Directed by Harold Clurman, produced by The American National Theater and Academy."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "New Vic Theatre (Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, UK, 2010) – Directed by James Dacre, starring Gareth Thomas as Ephraim Cabot, Victoria Lloyd as Anna Putnam, Cary Crankson as Eben Cabot, Owen Oakeshott as Peter Cabot and Timothy Chipping as Simeon Cabot. Lyric Hammersmith (2012) – Directed by Sean Holmes and designed by Ian MacNeil, starring Morgan Watkins as Eben Cabot, Denise Gough as Anna Putnam and Finbar Lynch as Ephraim Cabot."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A film version was produced in 1958, and there is an operatic setting by Edward Thomas."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Eben – He is twenty-five, tall and sinewy."
}
] |
Desire Under the Elms is a movie about a 14-year-old African American who was lynched in Mississippi in 1955 named Emmett Till.
| 0 | 0 |
Desire Under the Elms
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Background | Post-war Germany",
"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, what remained of pre-war Germany west of the Oder-Neisse line was divided into four occupation zones (as per the Potsdam Agreement), each one controlled by one of the four occupying Allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union."
}
] |
uSo2GtUqlXZRJH9tNYCl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Crossing",
"text": "Citizens of other East European countries were in general subject to the same prohibition of visiting Western countries as East Germans, though the applicable exception (if any) varied from country to country."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Before the Wall's erection, 3.5 million East Germans circumvented Eastern Bloc emigration restrictions and defected from the GDR, many by crossing over the border from East Berlin into West Berlin; from there they could then travel to West Germany and to other Western European countries."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Crossing",
"text": "A particular area of concern for the Western Allies involved official dealings with East German authorities when crossing the border, since Allied policy did not recognize the authority of the GDR to regulate Allied military traffic to and from West Berlin, as well as the Allied presence within Greater Berlin, including entry into, exit from, and presence within East Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage",
"text": "These could be used for transit between West Germany and West Berlin, for visits by West Berliners into East Germany, for transit into countries neighbouring East Germany ("
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage",
"text": "These allowed visits by West Berliners, other West Germans, Western foreigners and Allied personnel into East Berlin, as well as visits by GDR citizens and citizens of other socialist countries into West Berlin, provided that they held the necessary permits."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Crossing",
"text": "Ordinary citizens of the Western Allied powers, not formally affiliated with the Allied forces, were authorized to use all designated transit routes through East Germany to and from West Berlin."
},
{
"section_header": "Fall of the Berlin Wall",
"text": "However, he had not been involved in the discussions about the new regulations and had not been fully updated."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage | Crossing",
"text": "West Germans and citizens of other Western countries could generally visit East Germany, often after applying for a visa at an East German embassy several weeks in advance."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"fall of the Berlin Wall\" paved the way for German reunification, which formally took place on 3 October 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Official crossings and usage",
"text": "These crossings were restricted according to which nationality was allowed to use it (East Germans, West Germans, West Berliners, other countries)."
},
{
"section_header": "Background | Post-war Germany",
"text": "After the end of World War II in Europe, what remained of pre-war Germany west of the Oder-Neisse line was divided into four occupation zones (as per the Potsdam Agreement), each one controlled by one of the four occupying Allied powers: the United States, the United Kingdom, France and the Soviet Union."
}
] |
The Berlin Wall involved 3 European countries allied with either East or West Germany.
| 1 | 4 |
Berlin Wall
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Usually, capacitance in semiconductor devices is positive."
}
] |
uTaYXXYUJ0oXElyBpeEC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Negative capacitance has been demonstrated and explored in many different types of semiconductor devices."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "However, in some devices and under certain conditions (temperature, applied voltages, frequency, etc.), capacitance can become negative."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Non-monotonic behavior of the transient current in response to a step-like excitation has been proposed as the mechanism of negative capacitance."
},
{
"section_header": "Negative capacitance in semiconductor devices",
"text": "Usually, capacitance in semiconductor devices is positive."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "In electronic and semiconductor devices, transient or frequency-dependent current between terminals contains both conduction and displacement components."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitors",
"text": "But if nearby there is another conductor with a negative charge on it, the electrical field of the positive conductor repelling the second positive charge is weakened (the second positive charge also feels the attracting force of the negative charge)."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "In general, capacitance is a function of frequency."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "At high frequencies, capacitance approaches a constant value, equal to \"geometric\" capacitance, determined by the terminals' geometry and dielectric content in the device."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitors",
"text": "So due to the second conductor with a negative charge, it becomes easier to put a positive charge on the already positive charged first conductor, and vice versa; i.e., the necessary voltage is lowered."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "A more general definition of capacitance, encompassing electrostatic formula, is: C"
}
] |
Negative capacitances occur most frequently with semiconductors.
| 0 | 0 |
Capacitance
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Gold-Bug\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843."
}
] |
uThTmvnJ59e3tsMwnPPK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "newspapers made \"The Gold-Bug\" Poe's most widely read short story during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Gold-Bug\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. \" The Gold-Bug\" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It was used in the story for the antagonists to communicate and is decrypted by its writer, Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "One character learns that the main characters are searching for treasure, and he asks them if they have been reading Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe won the grand prize; in addition to winning $100, the story was published in two installments on June 21 and June 28, 1843, in the newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Analysis",
"text": "Though the story is often included amongst the short list of detective stories by Poe, \"The Gold-Bug\" is not technically detective fiction because Legrand withholds the evidence until after the solution is given."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Jewish Russian author David Shrayer-Petrov published \"The House of Edgar Allan Poe\" in 2011 Prose, with \"The Gold-Bug\" serving as a major influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "O. Henry alludes to the stature of \"The Gold-Bug\" within the buried-treasure genre in his short story \"Supply and Demand\"."
}
] |
"The Gold-Bug" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843 in which newspapers made "The Gold-Bug" Poe's most widely read short story during his lifetime.
| 0 | 0 |
The Gold Bug
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors."
}
] |
uUFWfmWuWdr6KqLB6x0r
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It narrates the struggle between two groups of cousins in the Kurukshetra War and the fates of the Kaurava and the Pāṇḍava princes and their successors."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The end of the Pandavas",
"text": "It is at this sacrifice that the tale of his ancestors is narrated to him."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Indraprastha",
"text": "They invite their Kaurava cousins to Indraprastha."
},
{
"section_header": "Jain version",
"text": "Krishna and Balrama are shown as contemporaries and cousins of 22nd Tirthankara, Neminatha."
},
{
"section_header": "Kuru family tree",
"text": "e: Duryodhana and his siblings were born at the same time, and they were of the same generation as their Pandava cousins."
},
{
"section_header": "Historical context",
"text": "The evidence of the Puranas is of two kinds."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The older generations",
"text": "Shantanu has two sons by Satyavati, Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The two collateral branches of the family that participate in the struggle are the Kaurava and the Pandava."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The battle at Kurukshetra",
"text": "Before the battle, Arjuna, noticing that the opposing army includes his own cousins and relatives, including his grandfather Bhishma and his teacher Drona, has grave doubts about the fight."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The battle at Kurukshetra",
"text": "The two sides summon vast armies to their help and line up at Kurukshetra for a war."
}
] |
The narration is about two groups of cousins.
| 2 | 5 |
Mahabharata
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "I blush to say this: Independence is the only benefit we have acquired, to the detriment of all the rest.\" Saying that \"all who served the revolution have plowed the sea\", Bolívar finally resigned the presidency on 27 April 1830, intending to leave the country for exile in Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "It is said that before Simón Bolívar had passed away, he had declared that \"America is ungovernable."
}
] |
uUIEUdORsrOqM7HDVtdM
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life | Childhood",
"text": "His father died before Bolívar's third birthday to tuberculosis, and his mother died when he was almost nine."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Venezuela and New Granada, 1807–1821 | Campaigns in Venezuela, 1816–1818",
"text": "To honor Bolivar's efforts to help Venezuela during its independence movement, the city of Angostura was renamed to Ciudad Bolivar in 1846."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "He had already sent several crates containing his belongings and writings ahead of him to Europe, but he died before setting sail from Cartagena."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "Another factor could have been from the lack of political unity, but it is unclear what had led him to being pessimistic."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Consolidation of independence, 1825–1830 | Struggles inside Gran Colombia",
"text": "Venezuela was proclaimed independent on 13 January 1830 and José Antonio Páez maintained the presidency of that country, banishing Bolivar."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "The Bolivar Peninsula in Texas, Bolivar County, Mississippi, Bolivar, New York, Bolivar, West Virginia and Bolivar, Tennessee are also named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Monuments and physical legacy",
"text": "Monuments to Bolívar's military legacy also comprise one of Venezuelan Navy's sail training barques, which is named after him, and the USS Simon Bolivar, a Benjamin Franklin-class fleet ballistic missile submarine which served with the U.S. Navy between 1965 and 1995."
},
{
"section_header": "Bolivar's Personal Beliefs | Politics",
"text": "The Bolivian constitution intended to establish a lifelong presidency and a hereditary senate, essentially recreating the British unwritten constitution, as it existed at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "It is said that before Simón Bolívar had passed away, he had declared that \"America is ungovernable."
},
{
"section_header": "Political and military career | Ecuador and Peru, 1822–1825",
"text": "Thereafter, Bolívar took over the task of fully liberating Peru."
},
{
"section_header": "Final months and death",
"text": "I blush to say this: Independence is the only benefit we have acquired, to the detriment of all the rest.\" Saying that \"all who served the revolution have plowed the sea\", Bolívar finally resigned the presidency on 27 April 1830, intending to leave the country for exile in Europe."
}
] |
Before he died , Simon Bolivar was unimpressed with the rewards that his lifelong efforts had yielded, and very pessimistic over his country.
| 0 | 4 |
Simon Bolivar
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "In 1975, the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was completed in 438 BC, although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC."
}
] |
uUoHbz0k8pCJLH9x7bWI
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Later history | Late antiquity",
"text": "However, it is debated exactly when during the 5th-century that the closure of the Parthenon as a temple was actually put in practice."
},
{
"section_header": "Function | Present building",
"text": "In the mid-5th century BC, when the Athenian Acropolis became the seat of the Delian League and Athens was the greatest cultural center of its time, Pericles initiated an ambitious building project that lasted the entire second half of the century."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "Stabilizing pins added in the 19th century were not so coated, and corroded."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "In 5th-century building accounts, the structure is simply called ὁ νᾱός (ho naos; lit. \"the temple\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Sculpture | Metopes",
"text": "According to Eleftherotypia daily, the archaeologists claimed the metopes had been placed there in the 18th century when the Acropolis wall was being repaired."
},
{
"section_header": "Etymology",
"text": "The first instance in which Parthenon definitely refers to the entire building is found in the writings of the 4th century BC orator Demosthenes."
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "The temple, wrote John Julius Cooper, \"Enjoys the reputation of being the most perfect Doric temple ever built."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "In 1975, the Greek government began a concerted effort to restore the Parthenon and other Acropolis structures."
},
{
"section_header": "Restoration",
"text": "These were dismantled, and a careful process of restoration began."
},
{
"section_header": "Later history | Islamic mosque",
"text": "Some time before the close of the fifteenth century, the Parthenon became a mosque."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was completed in 438 BC, although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC."
}
] |
The Parthenon was restored in the 20th century after being built in the 5th century BC.
| 2 | 4 |
Parthenon
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp does not disclose how the Yelp Elite are selected."
}
] |
uUpOX5rh0QibC6KjXtCU
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Origins (2004–2009)",
"text": "The idea was rejected by investors and did not attract users beyond the cofounders' friends and family."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "As of 2014, users could give a \"thumbs-up\" to reviews they liked, which caused these reviews to be featured more prominently in the system."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Members may nominate other reviewers for elite status."
},
{
"section_header": "Features | Features for businesses",
"text": "In some cases, Yelp users that had a bad experience have updated their reviews more favorably due to the businesses' efforts to resolve their complaints."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Litigation over review content",
"text": "In 2012, the Alexandria Circuit Court and the Virginia Court of Appeals held Yelp in contempt for refusing to disclose the identities of seven reviewers who anonymously criticized a carpet-cleaning business."
},
{
"section_header": "Controversy and litigation | Astroturfing",
"text": "As Yelp became more influential, the phenomenon of business owners and competitors writing fake reviews, known as \"astroturfing\", became more prevalent."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Each year members of the Yelp community are invited or self-nominated to the \"Yelp Elite Squad\" and some are accepted based on an evaluation of the quality and frequency of their reviews."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "To accept a nomination, members must not own a business."
},
{
"section_header": "Company history (2004–present) | Private company (2009–2012)",
"text": "Tech Crunch reported that Google refused to match Yahoo's offer."
},
{
"section_header": "Features",
"text": "In addition to writing reviews, users can react to reviews, plan events, or discuss their personal lives."
},
{
"section_header": "Community",
"text": "Yelp does not disclose how the Yelp Elite are selected."
}
] |
Yelp has a category of reviewers that matter more than the rest of the users generating reviews, and they refuse to tell anyone how they are chosen beyond the nomination process.
| 0 | 0 |
Yelp
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part two",
"text": "Cecil is a sophisticated London aesthete whose rank and class make him a desirable match, despite his despising country society; he is a rather comic figure who is snobbish and gives himself pretentious airs."
}
] |
uVEF7WLq64kCg9Pv8hbo
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Appendix",
"text": "In some editions, an appendix to the novel is given entitled \"A View without a Room\", written by Forster in 1958 as to what occurred between Lucy and George after the events of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part two",
"text": "Cecil enticed them to come to the village as a comeuppance to the villa's landlord, Sir Harry Otway, whom Cecil (who believes himself to be very democratic) thinks is a snob."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing",
"text": "A Room with a View had a lengthy gestation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Modern Library ranked A Room with a View 79th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century (1998)."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Noël Coward composed the 1928 hit song called \"A Room with a View\", whose title he acknowledged as coming from Forster's novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A Room with a View is a 1908 novel by English writer E. M. Forster, about a young woman in the restrained culture of Edwardian era England."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part one",
"text": "The novel opens in Florence with the women complaining about their rooms at the Pensione Bertolini."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage, film, radio, and television adaptations",
"text": "In 2006, Andrew Davies announced that he was to adapt A Room with a View for ITV."
},
{
"section_header": "In popular culture",
"text": "Your Enemy\" features the line \"As we move into '92/Still in a room without a view\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part two",
"text": "Cecil is a sophisticated London aesthete whose rank and class make him a desirable match, despite his despising country society; he is a rather comic figure who is snobbish and gives himself pretentious airs."
}
] |
In the novel A Room with a View, Cecil is a pretentious snob.
| 0 | 0 |
A Room with a View
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Maurice Ravel (French: [ʒɔzɛf mɔʁis ʁavɛl]; 7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor."
}
] |
uVHU9SgWYdWUW2MwxCoB
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Honours and legacy",
"text": "As of 2018 the maison-musée de Maurice Ravel remains open for guided tours."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Joseph Maurice Ravel (French: [ʒɔzɛf mɔʁis ʁavɛl]; 7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Scandal and success",
"text": "L'affaire Ravel became a national scandal, leading to the early retirement of Dubois and his replacement by Fauré, appointed by the government to carry out a radical reorganisation of the Conservatoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Music",
"text": "National and regional consciousness was important to him, and although a planned concerto on Basque themes never materialised, his works include allusions to Hebraic, Greek, Hungarian and gypsy themes."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | War",
"text": "Ravel declined to join, telling the committee of the league in 1916, \"It would be dangerous for French composers to ignore systematically the productions of their foreign colleagues, and thus form themselves into a sort of national coterie: our musical art, which is so rich at the present time, would soon degenerate, becoming isolated in banal formulas."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Early years",
"text": "The family moved to Paris three months later, and there a younger son, Édouard, was born. (He was close to his father, whom he eventually followed into the engineering profession.) Maurice was particularly devoted to their mother; her Basque-Spanish heritage was a strong influence on his life and music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Last years",
"text": "Ravel composed no more after this."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1910 to First World War",
"text": "This appealed to Ravel, and after discussing the action in great detail with Fokine, Ravel began composing the music."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1920s",
"text": ", Ravel moved to the countryside."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | Paris Conservatoire",
"text": "Ravel was one of the first musicians –"
}
] |
Maurice Ravel is a Polish national.
| 0 | 1 |
Maurice Ravel
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1981–1997: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portell, was English (born in London), and one of Spears's maternal great-great-grandfathers was Maltese."
}
] |
uW28GJ22XElO1LilA14x
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1998–2000: ...Baby One More Time and Oops!... I Did It Again",
"text": "It would later become the 25th-most successful song of all time in British chart history."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 1981–1997: Early life and career beginnings",
"text": "Her maternal grandmother, Lillian Portell, was English (born in London), and one of Spears's maternal great-great-grandfathers was Maltese."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2011–2012: Femme Fatale and The X Factor",
"text": "The music video caused controversy when British politicians criticized Spears for using replica guns while filming the video in an area of London that had been badly affected by the 2011 England riots."
}
] |
Britney Spears's grandmother is British.
| 0 | 1 |
Britney Spears
|
Music
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "During his career, Mercury's flamboyant stage performances sometimes led journalists to allude to his sexuality."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "During public events in the 1980s, Mercury often kept a distance from his partner, Jim Hutton."
}
] |
uXSwtBcEs1nJdHI3CCmD
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "During public events in the 1980s, Mercury often kept a distance from his partner, Jim Hutton."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "According to his partner Jim Hutton, Mercury was diagnosed with AIDS in late April 1987."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Tributes",
"text": "On 24 February 2020 a street in Feltham was renamed Freddie Mercury Close during a ceremony attended by his sister Kashmira."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "By 1985, he began another long-term relationship with Irish-born hairdresser Jim Hutton (1949–2010), whom he referred to as his husband."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Relationships",
"text": "Hutton, who tested HIV-positive in 1990, lived with Mercury for the last seven years of his life, nursed him during his illness, and was present at his bedside when he died."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "He left £500,000 to his chef, Joe Fanelli; £500,000 to his personal assistant, Peter Freestone; £100,000 to his driver, Terry Giddings; and £500,000 to Jim Hutton."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Appearances in lists of influential individuals",
"text": "For instance, in a 2002 vote to determine who the UK public considers the greatest British people in history, Mercury was ranked 58 in the list of the 100 Greatest Britons, broadcast by the BBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness | Death",
"text": "Hutton was involved in a 2000 biography of Mercury, Freddie Mercury, the Untold Story, and also gave an interview for The Times in September 2006 for what would have been Mercury's 60th birthday."
},
{
"section_header": "Illness",
"text": "On 22 November 1991, Mercury called Queen's manager Jim Beach to his Kensington home to prepare a public statement, which was released the following day: Following the enormous conjecture in the press over the last two weeks, I wish to confirm that I have been tested HIV positive and have AIDS."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "While some commentators claimed Mercury hid his sexual orientation from the public, others claimed he was \"openly gay\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Sexual orientation",
"text": "During his career, Mercury's flamboyant stage performances sometimes led journalists to allude to his sexuality."
}
] |
Freddie Mercury wa often seen close by his partner, Jim Hutton during public appearances.
| 0 | 1 |
Freddie Mercury
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered one of the greatest offensive and defensive center fielders in the history of Major League Baseball (MLB), he compiled a career batting average of .345 (sixth all-time)."
}
] |
uXTMXH41vxC802rMvp6G
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Miller said, \"Some of the early people inducted in the Hall were members of the Ku Klux Klan: Tris Speaker, Cap Anson, and some people suspect Ty Cobb as well."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 2008, former baseball players' union chief Marvin Miller, trying to defend the recently retired catcher Mike Piazza against claims that he should not be elected to the Hall of Fame because of association with the use of steroids, on the basis that the Hall of Fame has various unsavory people in it, opined that Speaker should be removed from the Hall of Fame because of alleged membership in the Ku Klux Klan."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Miller, age 91 at the time the 2008 article appeared, is the earliest source for declaring that it is factual that Anson was a member of the Klan, based purely on an Internet search of sources that try to link Anson to the Klan."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Speaker resigned as Cleveland's manager in 1926 after he and Ty Cobb faced game fixing allegations; both men were later cleared."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Stint as player-manager",
"text": "Only Napoleon Lajoie had previously accomplished the feat as a member of the Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Stint as player-manager",
"text": "On May 17, 1925, Speaker became the fifth member of the 3,000 hit club when he hit a single off pitcher Tom Zachary of the Washington Senators."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In 1961, the Tris Speaker Memorial Award was created by the Baseball Writers' Association of America to honor players or officials who make outstanding contributions to baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Klan went all out to recruit prominent people in all fields, provided they were native born, Protestant and white."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "A SPORT photograph that accompanied the article shows Speaker mentoring five members of the Indians: Luke Easter, Jim Hegan, Ray Boone, Al Rosen and Doby."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "By contrast, Speaker-Cobb-Rogers Hornsby biographer Charles C. Alexander, a Klan expert in his general history writings, told fellow baseball author Marty Appel, apparently referring to the 1920s (Anson died in 1922), “As I’ve suggested in the biographies, it’s possible that they [Speaker, Cobb and Hornsby] were briefly in the Klan, which was very strong in Texas and especially in Fort Worth and Dallas."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Considered one of the greatest offensive and defensive center fielders in the history of Major League Baseball (MLB), he compiled a career batting average of .345 (sixth all-time)."
}
] |
Tris Speaker was a shortstop and an alleged member of the Ku Klux Klan.
| 0 | 0 |
Tris Speaker
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Sports | American football",
"text": "Another first was recorded in 2014 as three regular season NFL games were played at Wembley."
}
] |
uY8IlQdTB30qnXZV62n7
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Pitch",
"text": "Wembley is used for American Football matches in the National Football League's International Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | American football",
"text": "In 2015, another first occurred as the first ever divisional match took place at Wembley between the American Football Conference – Eastern Division's Miami Dolphins and New York Jets."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | American football",
"text": "Another first was recorded in 2014 as three regular season NFL games were played at Wembley."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Wembley has had a long association with American football."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby union",
"text": "The first top level rugby union match was a non-cap match between the Barbarians and Australia on 3 December 2008.Between 2009 and 2017."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Rugby union",
"text": "The stadium was used regularly by Saracens for some major Aviva Premiership, Heineken Cup and International matches."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Covering",
"text": "However, it was mentioned during live commentary of the mid-May 2007 FA Cup Final that the pitch was in partial shade at the start at 3 pm and also during the match."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | American football",
"text": "On 30 October 2016, for the first time in an NFL game played outside the US, the game carried into overtime and subsequently ended in a tie (another first for both Wembley and a London Game) in a week 8 match between the Washington Redskins and the Cincinnati Bengals."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Covering",
"text": "Angus Campbell, the chief architect, also said that an aim was for the pitch to be in sunlight during matches played between 3 pm and 5 pm from the beginning of May to the end of June, when the FA and World Cups would be played."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The stadium hosts major football matches including home matches of the England national football team, and the FA Cup Final."
}
] |
Wembley stadium was used for 3 American football matches in 2014.
| 2 | 6 |
Wembley Stadium
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine named them among the 20th century's 100 most important people."
}
] |
uYHszAT7XUh1apwE3MaA
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Time magazine named them among the 20th century's 100 most important people."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "They were collectively included in Time magazine's compilation of the 20th century's 100 most influential people."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Beatles are regarded as British cultural icons, with young adults from abroad naming the band among a group of people that they most associated with UK culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2008, the group topped Billboard's list of the all-time most successful artists on the Billboard Hot 100."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "They ranked number one on Billboard magazine's list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, released in 2008 to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "Beatles are named after the Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1963–1966: Beatlemania and touring years | Please Please Me and With the Beatles",
"text": "Around 50 to 100 journalists and photographers, as well as representatives from the BBC, also joined the airport reception, the first of more than 100 such events."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that another local group was already using the name."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards and achievements",
"text": "one hits on the Billboard Hot 100, with twenty."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1957–1963: Formation, Hamburg, and UK popularity",
"text": "By early July, they had refashioned themselves as the Silver Beatles, and by the middle of August shortened the name to the Beatles."
}
] |
They got named among the 20th century's 100 most important people by Time magazine.
| 3 | 3 |
The Beatles
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | British colony",
"text": "It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, the highest percentage outside Charleston, South Carolina."
},
{
"section_header": "History | British colony",
"text": "New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s."
}
] |
uYIa6Mc6OfwtC7lkAgks
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Nineteenth century",
"text": "Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Architecture",
"text": "In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | American Revolution",
"text": "New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Nineteenth century",
"text": "New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School."
},
{
"section_header": "History | British colony",
"text": "New York grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule in the early 1700s."
},
{
"section_header": "History | English rule",
"text": "The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in the colony and allowed for religious freedom."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Streets and highways | River crossings",
"text": "The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and cargo ships that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation | Rapid transit | Rail",
"text": "Multibillion-dollar heavy rail transit projects under construction in New York City include the Second Avenue Subway, and the East Side Access project."
},
{
"section_header": "Geography | Architecture",
"text": "The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below."
},
{
"section_header": "History | British colony",
"text": "It also became a center of slavery, with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, the highest percentage outside Charleston, South Carolina."
}
] |
While under control of Britain, New York was a free city, meaning no slave-owning allowed.
| 0 | 0 |
New York City
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph)."
}
] |
uYNGn9szc6MglEI83jyd
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "In September 2011, Mitsubishi Electric announced that it had won a bid to construct the Shanghai Tower's elevator system."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "Working closely with Gensler's design and technical teams to create a highly efficient core, Edgett created an elevator system in which office floors are served via 4 sky lobbies each served by double-deck shuttle elevators."
},
{
"section_header": "Planning and funding",
"text": "Planning models for the Lujiazui financial district dating back to 1993 show plans for a close group of three supertall skyscrapers."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-construction history",
"text": "Following a report in June 2017, approximately 60% of its office space has been leased, but only 33% of those tenants have moved in, leaving entire floors of the tower empty; the luxury J hotel has also yet to open."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "When they were installed (2014), they were the world's fastest single-deck elevators (18 metres/second) and double-deck elevators (10 metres/second)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "The Shanghai Tower's tuned mass damper, designed to limit swaying at the top of the structure, was the world's largest at the time of its installation."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "Mitsubishi supplied all of the tower's 149 elevators, including three high-speed models capable of travelling at 1,080 metres (3,540 ft) per minute (64.8 kilometres (40.3 mi) per hour)."
},
{
"section_header": "Design | Vertical transportation system",
"text": "These three shuttle elevators are supplemented by three fireman's elevators which will significantly increase the visitor throughput to the observation deck at peak usage periods."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-construction history",
"text": "According to the local newspaper Shanghai Observer, there were misinformation videos circulating online showing that the tower's ceiling was collapsed, but was in fact from a shopping center in Nanning 2016."
},
{
"section_header": "Design",
"text": "The transparent façade is a unique design feature, because most buildings have only a single façade using highly reflective glass to reduce heat absorption, but the Shanghai Tower's double layer of glass eliminates the need for either layer to be opaqued."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It is the world's second-tallest building by height to architectural top and it shares the record (along with the Ping An Finance Center) of having the world's highest observation deck within a building or structure at 562 m. It had the world's second-fastest elevators at a top speed of 20.5 metres per second (74 km/h; 46 mph) until 2017, when it was surpassed by the Guangzhou CTF Finance Centre, with a top speed of 21 metres per second (76 km/h; 47 mph)."
}
] |
Shanghai Tower's elevators move close to 50mph.
| 1 | 5 |
Shanghai Tower
|
Technology
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones",
"text": "Huawei is the second-biggest smartphone maker in the world, after Samsung, as of the first quarter of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (; Chinese: 华为; pinyin: Huáwéi) is a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong."
}
] |
uYVqmrkALT2m3veXUh38
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It overtook Ericsson in 2012 as the largest telecommunications equipment manufacturer in the world, and overtook Apple in 2018 as the second-largest manufacturer of smartphones in the world, behind Samsung Electronics."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "Another major turning point for the company came in 1996 when the government in Beijing adopted an explicit policy of supporting domestic telecommunications manufacturers and restricting access to foreign competitors."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Initially focused on manufacturing phone switches, Huawei has expanded its business to include building telecommunications networks, providing operational and consulting services and equipment to enterprises inside and outside of China, and manufacturing communications devices for the consumer market."
},
{
"section_header": "Partners",
"text": "The first smartphone to be co-engineered with a Leica camera was the Huawei P9.In 2020, Huawei partners with Dutch navigation device company TomTom for Google map alternative."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Early years",
"text": "Meanwhile, it was reverse-engineering imported switches and investing heavily in research and development to manufacture its own technologies."
},
{
"section_header": "Partners",
"text": "T-Mobile T-Mobile TalkTalk VodafoneSince 2016, German camera company Leica has established a partnership with Huawei, and Leica cameras will be co-engineered into Huawei smartphones, including the P and Mate Series."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Recent performance",
"text": "As of the end of 2018, Huawei sold 200 million smartphones."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Software | EMUI (Emotion User Interface)",
"text": "EMUI is pre-installed on most Huawei Smartphone devices and its subsidiaries the Honor series."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones | History of Huawei phones",
"text": "The U8220 was Huawei's first Android smartphone and was unveiled in MWC 2009."
},
{
"section_header": "Products and services | Phones",
"text": "Huawei is the second-biggest smartphone maker in the world, after Samsung, as of the first quarter of 2019."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (; Chinese: 华为; pinyin: Huáwéi) is a Chinese multinational technology company headquartered in Shenzhen, Guangdong."
}
] |
Huawei is an Asian company that manufactures smartphones.
| 5 | 9 |
Huawei
|
History
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1897–1919) | Ohio state leader",
"text": "Harding, as a loyal Republican, supported Taft."
}
] |
uYWkbHFVoo8o2AyDfWt6
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Harding died of a heart attack in San Francisco while on a western tour and was succeeded by Vice President Calvin Coolidge."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential election of 1920 | Primary campaign",
"text": "These plans ended when Roosevelt suddenly died on January 6, 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Scandals | Teapot Dome | Veterans' Bureau",
"text": "At first Harding did not believe it, but Sawyer secured proof in January 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Political setbacks and western tour",
"text": "Most Republicans realized that there was no practical alternative to supporting Harding in 1924.In the first half of 1923, Harding did two acts that were later said to indicate foreknowledge of death: he sold the Star (though undertaking to remain as a contributing editor for ten years after his presidency), and made a new will."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923) was the 29th president of the United States from 1921 until his death in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "Scandals | Teapot Dome | Veterans' Bureau",
"text": "Forbes began to serve his sentence in 1926; Thompson, who had a bad heart, died that year before commencing his."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1897–1919) | Ohio state leader",
"text": "Foraker and Hanna (who died of typhoid fever in February 1904) both campaigned for what was dubbed the Four-H ticket."
},
{
"section_header": "Rising politician (1897–1919) | Ohio state leader",
"text": "Harding, as a loyal Republican, supported Taft."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career | Start in politics",
"text": "Dean ties these visits to early occurrences of the heart ailment that would kill Harding in 1923."
},
{
"section_header": "President (1921–1923) | Political setbacks and western tour",
"text": "\"In early June 1923, Harding set out on a journey, which he dubbed the \"Voyage of Understanding."
}
] |
Harding was a Republican and died in 1923.
| 2 | 4 |
Warren G. Harding
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Wilmot Proviso",
"text": "Following the annexation of Texas in 1845, President Polk began preparations for a potential war with Mexico, which still regarded Texas as a part of its republic."
}
] |
uZPvdRBaYNeXx9RDOEF9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "Nonetheless, in April 1844, Secretary of State John C. Calhoun reached a treaty with Texas providing for the annexation of that country."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Wilmot Proviso",
"text": "Meanwhile, former Democratic Congressman John P. Hale had defied party leaders by denouncing the annexation of Texas, causing him to lose re-election in 1845."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "Most leaders of both parties opposed opening the question of annexation in 1843 due to their fear of stoking the debate over slavery; the annexation of Texas was widely viewed as a pro-slavery initiative because it would add another slave state to the union."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation of the Free Soil Party | Wilmot Proviso",
"text": "Following the annexation of Texas in 1845, President Polk began preparations for a potential war with Mexico, which still regarded Texas as a part of its republic."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Background",
"text": "Beginning in May 1843, President John Tyler made the annexation of Texas his key priority."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Between elections, 1849–1852",
"text": "In January 1850, Senator Clay introduced a separate proposal which included the admission of California as a free state, the cession by Texas of some of its northern and western territorial claims in return for debt relief, the establishment of New Mexico and Utah territories, a ban on the importation of slaves into the District of Columbia for sale, and a more stringent fugitive slave law."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The party was largely focused on the single issue of opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories of the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Free Soilers in the Republican Party",
"text": "In 1865, the Civil War came to an end with the surrender of the Confederacy, and the United States abolished slavery nationwide by ratifying the Thirteenth Amendment."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Most Free Soilers joined the Republican Party, which emerged as the dominant political party in the United States in the subsequent Third Party System (1856–1894)."
}
] |
When Texas was brought into the United States by being annexed, its former owner refused to release its claim.
| 0 | 0 |
Free Soil Party
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rooney was born Ninnian Joseph Yule Jr. on September 23, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York, the only child of vaudevillians"
}
] |
ua3uuSmdEvVd4lmUg98r
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "When Rooney was born, his parents were appearing in a Brooklyn production of A Gaiety Girl."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In the late 1970s, Rooney became a born-again Christian and was a fan of Pat Robertson."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Andy Hardy, Boys Town and Hollywood stardom",
"text": "During his long and illustrious career, Rooney also worked with many of the screen's female stars, including Elizabeth Taylor in National Velvet (1944) and Audrey Hepburn in Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Rooney was born Ninnian Joseph Yule Jr. on September 23, 1920 in Brooklyn, New York, the only child of vaudevillians"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Mickey Rooney (born Joseph Yule Jr.; September 23, 1920 – April 6, 2014) was an American actor, vaudevillian, comedian, producer and radio personality."
}
] |
Mickey Rooney was born in Long Island.
| 0 | 0 |
Mickey Rooney
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part Two",
"text": "Amy is chosen over Jo to go on a European tour with her aunt."
}
] |
uaOHUmILauNg2abpr0Ta
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Inspiration",
"text": "In addition to her own childhood and that of her sisters, scholars who have examined the diaries of Louisa Alcott's mother, Abigail Alcott, have surmised that Little Women was also heavily inspired by Abigail Alcott's own early life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832–1888) which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Josephine \"Jo\" March",
"text": "\"Ted\" Bhaer. Jo also writes the first part of Little Women during the second portion of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part Two",
"text": "A year goes by without much success, when Aunt March dies and leaves her large estate Plumfield to Jo."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations | Stage",
"text": "Her Little Women featured an appearance by author, Louisa May Alcott."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Alcott's Jo also made professional writing imaginable for generations of women."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Little Women has a timeless resonance which reflects Alcott's grasp of her historical framework in the 1860s."
},
{
"section_header": "Development history",
"text": "Louisa confided to a friend, “I could not write a girls' story knowing little about any but my own sisters and always preferring boys”, as quoted in Anne Boyd Rioux's Meg Jo Beth Amy, a condensed biographical account of Alcott's life and writing."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters | Josephine \"Jo\" March",
"text": "It has been said that much of Louisa"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The two volumes were issued in 1880 as a single novel titled Little Women."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary | Part Two",
"text": "Amy is chosen over Jo to go on a European tour with her aunt."
}
] |
In Louisa May Alcott's novel Little Women, Jo goes to Europe with her aunt.
| 0 | 0 |
Little Women
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band went through personal turmoil while recording the album, as both the romantic partnerships in the band (one being John and Christine McVie, and the other being Buckingham and Nicks) separated while continuing to make music together."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac soon asked Buckingham to be their new lead guitarist, and Buckingham agreed on condition that Nicks would also join the band."
}
] |
uaixKklFQBXOgxHisXbg
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "In the meantime Peter Green and Mick Fleetwood had teamed up with slide guitarist Jeremy Spencer and bassist Bob Brunning."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "These were Fleetwood Mac's last all-blues recordings."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1987–1995: Departure of Buckingham and Nicks",
"text": "Clinton had made Fleetwood Mac's \"Don't Stop\" his campaign theme song."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Name dispute and 'fake Fleetwood Mac'",
"text": "The band struggled on and played further dates in the face of increasing hostility and heckling, more dates were pulled, the keyboard player quit, and after a concert in Edmonton where bottles were thrown at the stage, the tour collapsed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "Former guitarist and singer Bob Weston was found dead on 3 January 2012 at the age of 64."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "They said: \"We are sorry not to be able to play these Australian and New Zealand dates."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1970: Formation and early years",
"text": "Within weeks of this show, John McVie agreed to join the band as permanent bassist."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1974: Return of the authentic Fleetwood Mac",
"text": "Neither musician proved to be a long-term addition to the line-up."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1970–1974: Transitional era",
"text": "The last date played was Lincoln, Nebraska, on 20 October 1973."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 2008–2013: Unleashed tour and Extended Play",
"text": "Another date, Sunday 20 December, was added and also sold out."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The band went through personal turmoil while recording the album, as both the romantic partnerships in the band (one being John and Christine McVie, and the other being Buckingham and Nicks) separated while continuing to make music together."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Fleetwood Mac soon asked Buckingham to be their new lead guitarist, and Buckingham agreed on condition that Nicks would also join the band."
}
] |
Fleetwood Mac's singer dated and then broke up with their bassist.
| 0 | 0 |
Fleetwood Mac
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
}
] |
ub3nYtlWQL2flRTB6Gva
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Competitors",
"text": "is another competitor that uses a kiosk approach: Rather than mailing DVDs, customers pick up and return DVDs at self-service kiosks located in metropolitan areas."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Establishment",
"text": "When the disc arrived intact, they decided to take on the $16 billion home-video sales and rental industry."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "In addition, Netflix sold used discs, delivered and billed identically as rentals."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Viewership figure claims",
"text": "In the fourth quarter of 2019, Netflix changed the method it used to estimate viewers for a show."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | History",
"text": "Creating an unlimited-DVDs-by-mail plan (no streaming) at our lowest price ever, $7.99, does make sense and will ensure a long life for our DVDs-by-mail offering."
},
{
"section_header": "Services",
"text": "According to a Nielsen survey in July 2011, 42% of Netflix users used a standalone computer, 25% used the Wii, 14% by connecting computers to a television, 13% with a PlayStation 3 and 12% an Xbox 360.When"
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "By 2016, Netflix had quietly rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Content | Film and television deals",
"text": "Titles available on DVD were not affected and can still be acquired from Netflix via their DVD-by-mail service."
},
{
"section_header": "Services | Disc rental",
"text": "On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced that it would split out and rebrand its DVD-by-mail service as Qwikster."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism | Content and partnerships",
"text": "Netflix was criticized for using stock footage from the 2013 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster in Bird Box and Travelers."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail, but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business."
}
] |
Netflix used to arrive in the mail.
| 0 | 0 |
Netflix
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The town is noted architecturally for the extensive ruins of Kenilworth Castle, the ruins of Kenilworth Abbey in Abbey Fields park, St Nicholas's Parish Church, and the town's clock tower."
}
] |
ubKCGOHbk7C9uk0pCAAj
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Most older buildings in Kenilworth are found in Castle Green, New Row and High Street, which has long-established shops."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Most buildings along Warwick Road date from this period and later, but a few earlier cottages survive."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "The original settlement along present-day Warwick Road has been redeveloped continually since the 12th century and retains few original buildings."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The town is noted architecturally for the extensive ruins of Kenilworth Castle, the ruins of Kenilworth Abbey in Abbey Fields park, St Nicholas's Parish Church, and the town's clock tower."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "For example, Towers Close was built on the grounds of Rouncil Towers."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This Parliament led to the Dictum of Kenilworth: a settlement that offered the rebels a way of recovering the lands that the Crown had seized from them."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In 1905 it moved again to a \"tin tabernacle\" iron building newly erected in Albion Street and consecrated as Saint Barnabas Mission Church, a daughter church of St Nicholas."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "It re-entered the English football pyramid in the 2013–14 season and was placed in the Midland Football League Division 3, the 12th highest tier in the English league system."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports | Two Castles Run",
"text": "It has grown into an English Athletics-licensed run with 3,000 entrants in 2010."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable people",
"text": "Edith Emma Cooper (1862–1913) was one half of Michael Field, known as a poet, dramatist and diarist."
}
] |
The English town of Kenilworth is known for its row of older buildings along High Street, which offer some of the finest examples of architecture in the region.
| 0 | 0 |
Kenilworth
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "In a 2014 mid-year report of the 100 most-used baby names conducted by BabyCenter, Elsa was ranked 88; it was the first time the name had appeared on the site's chart."
}
] |
ubySReX3JUEVljJLGu5p
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "Vice president of Disney UK Anna Hill later commented that \"We're delighted that Elsa is a popular name for babies"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "On April 25, 2014, Frozen became the nineteenth film to gross $400 million in North America and the fifteenth to do so without a major re-release."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | Commercial analysis",
"text": "\" As Frozen approached the first anniversary of its release, Menzel mentioned the film's continuing popularity in an October 2014 interview: \"It's just a remarkable thing."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "In a 2014 mid-year report of the 100 most-used baby names conducted by BabyCenter, Elsa was ranked 88; it was the first time the name had appeared on the site's chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Cultural impact",
"text": "Sarah Barrett, managing director of the site, explained that while the film's popular heroine is called Anna, \"Elsa offers a more unique name and is also a strong female role model."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "On January 31, 2014, a sing-along version of Frozen was released in 2,057 theaters in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Release",
"text": "After its wide release in Japan on March 14, 2014, a similar sing-along version of Frozen was released in the country in select theaters on April 26."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Frozen became Fandango's top advance ticket seller among original animated films, ahead of previous record-holder Brave, and became the top-selling animated film in the company's history in late January 2014."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Box office | North America",
"text": "Frozen became the first film since Avatar to reach first place in its sixth weekend of wide release."
},
{
"section_header": "Release | Home media",
"text": "Frozen was released for digital download on February 25, 2014, on Google Play, the iTunes Store, and Amazon Video."
}
] |
In 2014, Queen Elsa became one of the most popular names after the release of Frozen.
| 1 | 2 |
Frozen (2013 film)
|
Sports
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Herman \"Babe\" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935."
}
] |
ubyeT1mJG5TH7lKg6uvT
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "George Herman \"Babe\" Ruth Jr. (February 6, 1895 – August 16, 1948) was an American professional baseball player whose career in Major League Baseball (MLB) spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Sale to New York",
"text": "He demanded that his salary be doubled, or he would sit out the season and cash in on his popularity through other ventures."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During his career, Ruth led the AL in home runs during a season 12 times."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Sale to New York",
"text": "Ruth, fully aware of baseball's popularity and his role in it, wanted to renegotiate his contract, signed before the 1919 season for $10,000 per year through 1921."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | Batting title and \"bellyache\" (1924–1925)",
"text": "Although the Yankees won 18 of 22 at one point in September, the Senators beat out the Yankees by two games."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | Initial success (1920–1923)",
"text": "An emotional Ruth promised reform, and, to the surprise of many, followed through."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Braves (1935)",
"text": "Although Fairfax regretted that he could not have the time to make Ruth a cricket player, Ruth had lost any interest in such a career upon learning that the best batsmen made only about $40 per week."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | \"Called shot\" and final Yankee years (1929–1934)",
"text": "He could still handle a bat and recorded a .288 batting average with 22 home runs; these were statistics that Reisler described as \"merely mortal\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | Boston Red Sox (1914–1919) | Developing star",
"text": "On July 11, 1914, Ruth arrived in Boston with Egan and Shore."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional baseball | New York Yankees (1920–1934) | Initial success (1920–1923)",
"text": "Ruth hit home runs early and often in the 1921 season, during which he broke Roger Connor's mark for home runs in a career, 138."
}
] |
Babe Ruth's career spanned 22 seasons, from 1914 through 1935.
| 1 | 5 |
Babe Ruth
|
Sports
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
}
] |
ucGoCg9v74VePIQe1idJ
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was born in Sanford, Florida, to Ned and Florence Raines."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "The baseball complex at Seminole High School in Sanford, Florida, Raines' alma mater, has been renamed Tim Raines Athletic Park in his honor, and Raines' number 22 has been retired at the school."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Raines was one of seven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "On October 3, the Expos traded Raines to the Baltimore Orioles, thereby permitting Raines to play in a major league game with his son."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "On December 21, Raines was signed by the Expos."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "On October 4, Raines Jr. played"
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "Raines was also gifted a ceremonious key to the city of Sanford in March of 2019, and the Sanford Historical Museum dedicated an exhibit to Raines, filling it with memorabilia from his career."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Recovery and return",
"text": "Raines returned to the major league club on August 22."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors and awards",
"text": "In 2013, Raines was elected into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Montreal Expos",
"text": "Raines would later testify at the Pittsburgh drug trials in September 1985."
}
] |
Raines had 6 siblings.
| 1 | 5 |
Tim Raines
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians takes place in Susa, which at the time was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire, and opens with a chorus of old men of Susa, who are soon joined by the Queen Mother, Atossa, as they await news of her son King Xerxes' expedition against the Greeks."
}
] |
ucHaiSzdeWDDCbOkVEit
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\" This is an unusual beginning for a tragedy by Aeschylus; normally the chorus would not appear until slightly later, after a speech by a minor character."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians takes place in Susa, which at the time was one of the capitals of the Persian Empire, and opens with a chorus of old men of Susa, who are soon joined by the Queen Mother, Atossa, as they await news of her son King Xerxes' expedition against the Greeks."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Persians (Ancient Greek: Πέρσαι, Persai, Latinised as Persae) is an ancient Greek tragedy written during the Classical period of Ancient Greece by the Greek tragedian Aeschylus."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "The first play in the trilogy, called Phineus, presumably dealt with Jason and the Argonauts' rescue of King Phineus from the torture that the monstrous harpies inflicted at the behest of Zeus."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Aeschylus himself had fought the Persians at Marathon (490 BC)."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The second, Phoenician Women (written in 476 BCE, four years before Aeschylus' version), treated the same historical event as Aeschylus' Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The first, The Sack of Miletus (written in 493 BCE, 21 years before Aeschylus' play), concerned the destruction of an Ionian colony of Athens in Asia Minor by the Persians."
},
{
"section_header": "Subsequent production history",
"text": "Οn the occasion of the 2500th anniversary of the Battle of Salamis, in July 25th, 2020, \"Persians\" was the first Ancient Greek Tragedy that was played at its natural environment, i.e. the open-air theatre of Epidaurus, and was live streamed internationally via YouTube."
},
{
"section_header": "Discussion",
"text": "The sympathetic school has the considerable weight of Aristotelian criticism behind it; indeed, every other extant Greek tragedy arguably invites an audience's sympathy for one or more characters on stage."
},
{
"section_header": "Place in Aeschylus' work",
"text": "Given Aeschylus' propensity for writing connected trilogies, the theme of divine retribution may connect the three."
}
] |
The Persians takes place in Susa, which is an unusual beginning for a Greek tragedy written by Aeschylus and is about the ice-cold conflict with Zeus and his harpies
| 0 | 0 |
The Persians
|
Science
| 7 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The reciprocal of capacitance is called elastance."
}
] |
ucQ5qfG9dgH0ClqEtVVN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Mutual capacitance | Capacitance matrix",
"text": "Thus the system can be described by a collection of coefficients known as the elastance matrix or reciprocal capacitance matrix, which is defined as: P"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The reciprocal of capacitance is called elastance."
},
{
"section_header": "Mutual capacitance | Capacitance matrix",
"text": "\\displaystyle C_{ij}={\\frac {\\partial Q_{i}}{\\partial V_{j}}}} is known as the capacitance matrix, and is the inverse of the elastance matrix."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring capacitance",
"text": "By varying the values of the other legs in the bridge (so as to bring the bridge into balance), the value of the unknown capacitor is determined."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitance in electronic and semiconductor devices",
"text": "At high frequencies, capacitance approaches a constant value, equal to \"geometric\" capacitance, determined by the terminals' geometry and dielectric content in the device."
},
{
"section_header": "Capacitors",
"text": "Capacitance can be calculated if the geometry of the conductors and the dielectric properties of the insulator between the conductors are known."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring capacitance",
"text": "These usually operate by charging and discharging the capacitor under test with a known current and measuring the rate of rise of the resulting voltage; the slower the rate of rise, the larger the capacitance."
},
{
"section_header": "Measuring capacitance",
"text": "It is also possible to measure capacitance by passing a known high-frequency alternating current through the device under test and measuring the resulting voltage across it (does not work for polarised capacitors)."
},
{
"section_header": "Self capacitance",
"text": "R {\\displaystyle C=4\\pi \\varepsilon _{0}R\\,} Example values of self capacitance are: for the top \"plate\" of a van de Graaff generator, typically a sphere 20 cm in radius: 22.24 pF, the planet Earth: about 710 µF.The inter-winding capacitance of a coil is sometimes called self capacitance, but this is a different phenomenon."
},
{
"section_header": "Stray capacitance",
"text": "This (often unwanted) capacitance is called parasitic or \"stray capacitance\"."
}
] |
The reciprocated value of the Capacitance is known as elastance.
| 2 | 10 |
Capacitance
|
History
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "Although the Germans managed to begin their offensive with complete surprise and enjoyed some initial successes, they were not able to seize the initiative on the Western Front."
}
] |
ucYQHyFj6OiXkvBvqk6c
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge was the bloodiest battle for U.S. forces in World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, was the last major German offensive campaign on the Western Front during World War II, and took place from 16 December 1944 to 25 January 1945."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The \"Bulge\" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history."
},
{
"section_header": "Battle credit",
"text": "After the war ended, the U.S. Army issued battle credit in the form of the Ardennes-Alsace campaign citation to units and individuals that took part in operations in northwest Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Attack on the northern shoulder | Operation Stösser",
"text": "It was the German paratroopers' only night time drop during World War II."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "U.S. losses alone over the same period were similarly heavy, totaling 733 tanks and tank destroyers."
},
{
"section_header": "Casualties",
"text": "Casualty estimates for the battle vary widely."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "The phrase \"Battle of the Bulge\" was coined by contemporary press to describe the bulge in German front lines on wartime news maps, and it became the most widely used name for the battle."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "During World War II, most U.S. black soldiers still served only in maintenance or service positions, or in segregated units."
},
{
"section_header": "German counterattack",
"text": "This offensive, known as Unternehmen Nordwind (Operation North Wind), was the last major German offensive of the war on the Western Front."
},
{
"section_header": "Result",
"text": "Although the Germans managed to begin their offensive with complete surprise and enjoyed some initial successes, they were not able to seize the initiative on the Western Front."
}
] |
The Battle of the Bulge was a battle in World War II ended in the Germans taking the Western front but they had over 125,000 casualties on their side alone.
| 3 | 5 |
Battle of the Bulge
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor."
}
] |
ueyoIwuUYjeGuL4AG9zx
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "In 2011, Bieber was honoured with a star in front of Avon Theater in Stratford, Ontario, Canada, where he used to busk when he was younger."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2009: Career beginnings and My World",
"text": "The song was certified platinum in Canada and the US and gold in Australia and New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2009: Career beginnings and My World",
"text": "My World was eventually certified platinum in the US and double platinum in both Canada and the United Kingdom."
},
{
"section_header": "Achievements",
"text": "On November 23, 2012, Bieber was presented with the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal by the Prime Minister of Canada, Stephen Harper."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2010–2011: My World 2.0 and Never Say Never",
"text": "\"U Smile\", were top thirty hits on the US Hot 100, and top twenty hits in Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2012–2014: Believe, Journals, and other appearances",
"text": "The album sold 57,000 copies in its first week in Canada, debuting atop the Canadian Albums Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Bieber has said he is not interested in obtaining US citizenship, and has praised Canada as being \"the best country in the world\", citing its mostly government-funded health care system as a model example."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 2008–2009: Career beginnings and My World",
"text": "Less Lonely Girl\" was later also released to radio and peaked within the top 20 in Canada and the US, and was certified gold in the latter."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bieber has maintained contact with his father."
},
{
"section_header": "Public image | General",
"text": "Usher commented that while he and Bieber were both signed at the same age, \"I had the chance to ramp up my success, where this has happened to Bieber abruptly\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Justin Drew Bieber (; born March 1, 1994) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actor."
}
] |
Bieber is from Canada.
| 0 | 0 |
Justin Bieber
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1915, after serving three years in the U.S. Army, the Indianapolis, Indiana, native continued his baseball career as a professional with the Indianapolis ABCs; his career ended in 1954 as a player-manager for the Indianapolis Clowns."
}
] |
ufbvn4kMOVAFAeu9CYvY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Early years, 1915–1920",
"text": "After his honorable discharge from the U.S. Army in 1915, Charleston returned to the United States and immediately began his baseball career with the Indianapolis ABCs."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Oscar McKinley Charleston (October 14, 1896 – October 5, 1954) was an American center fielder and manager in Negro league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Oscar McKinley Charleston was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, on October 14, 1896, the seventh of eleven children."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1915, after serving three years in the U.S. Army, the Indianapolis, Indiana, native continued his baseball career as a professional with the Indianapolis ABCs; his career ended in 1954 as a player-manager for the Indianapolis Clowns."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "On March 7, 1912, fifteen-year-old Charleston lied about his age to enlist in the U.S. Army."
},
{
"section_header": "Death and legacy | Honors and awards",
"text": "The Indianapolis chapter of the Society for American Baseball Research is named the Oscar Charleston Chapter."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "Oscar spent his youth playing sandlot baseball and was a batboy for the Indianapolis ABCs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and family",
"text": "He was assigned to Company B of the Twenty-Fourth Infantry Regiment and served in the Philippines, where he ran track and played baseball on the regiment's team."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Early years, 1915–1920",
"text": "When Charleston returned to Indiana in 1919, the owner of the ABCs did not field a team, so he joined the Chicago American Giants."
},
{
"section_header": "Career and statistics | Team manager and scout, 1941–1954",
"text": "In September 1945 Charleston began his third enlistment in the military, this time serving as a security guard at the Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, but his main responsibility was managing the depot's integrated baseball team."
}
] |
In 1913, Oscar McKinley Charleston returned to baseball after serving in the Army for 3 years.
| 1 | 5 |
Oscar Charleston
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "In these works, Glass often employs old musical forms such as the chaconne and the passacaglia—for instance in Satyagraha, the Violin Concerto No. 1 (1987), Symphony No. 3 (1995), Echorus (1995) and also recent works such as Symphony No. 8 (2005), and Songs and Poems for Solo Cello (2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "In taking this direction his chamber and orchestral works were also written in a more and more traditional and lyrical style."
}
] |
ufdGeuKmH98ugxOq6I7b
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "Music from \"The Screens\" is on occasion a touring piece for Glass and Suso (one set of tours also included percussionist Yousif Sheronick ), and individual pieces found its way to the repertoire of Glass and the cellist Wendy Sutter."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Glass, Philip (1987). Music by Philip Glass."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1975–79: Another Look at Harmony: The Portrait Trilogy",
"text": "The piece was praised by The Washington Post as \"one of the seminal artworks of the century\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Tape 2: Philip Glass. Produced and directed by Robert Ashley Philip Glass, from Four American Composers (1983); directed by Peter Greenaway"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 2008–present: Chamber music, concertos, and symphonies",
"text": "Pendulum (2010, a one-movement piece for violin and piano), a second Suite of cello pieces for Wendy Sutter (2011), and Partita for solo violin for violinist"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1964–1966: Paris",
"text": "The resulting piece (written for two soprano saxophones) was directly influenced by the play's open-ended, repetitive and almost musical structure and was the first one of a series of four early pieces in a minimalist, yet still dissonant, idiom."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "A Composer's Notes: Philip Glass and the Making of an Opera (1985); directed by Michael Blackwood"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "In the same year Glass met the poet Allen Ginsberg by chance in a book store in the East Village of New York City, and they immediately \"decided on the spot to do something together, reached for one of Allen's books and chose Wichita Vortex Sutra\", a piece for reciter and piano which in turn developed into a music theatre piece for singers and ensemble, Hydrogen Jukebox (1990)."
},
{
"section_header": "Documentaries about Glass",
"text": "Looking Glass (2005); directed by Éric Darmon Glass: A Portrait of Philip in Twelve Parts (2007) ; directed by Scott Hicks"
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1967–1974: Minimalism: From Strung Out to Music in 12 Parts",
"text": "These pieces were performed by The Philip Glass Ensemble in the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1969 and in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1970, often encountering hostile reaction from critics, but Glass's music was also met with enthusiasm from younger artists such as Brian Eno and David Bowie (at the Royal College of Art ca. 1970)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "In these works, Glass often employs old musical forms such as the chaconne and the passacaglia—for instance in Satyagraha, the Violin Concerto No. 1 (1987), Symphony No. 3 (1995), Echorus (1995) and also recent works such as Symphony No. 8 (2005), and Songs and Poems for Solo Cello (2006)."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and work | 1987–91: Operas and the turn to symphonic music",
"text": "In taking this direction his chamber and orchestral works were also written in a more and more traditional and lyrical style."
}
] |
For his musical pieces, Philip Glass often relies on polyphony and tempo rubato.
| 0 | 0 |
Philip Glass
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, story of Savitri and Satyavan, an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, and the story of Ṛṣyasringa, often considered as works in their own right."
}
] |
ufkmo9MWoKqcacqhX047
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among the principal works and stories in the Mahābhārata are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Damayanti, story of Savitri and Satyavan, an abbreviated version of the Rāmāyaṇa, and the story of Ṛṣyasringa, often considered as works in their own right."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure",
"text": "The epic employs the story within a story structure, otherwise known as frametales, popular in many Indian religious and non-religious works."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "The core story of the work is that of a dynastic struggle for the throne of Hastinapura, the kingdom ruled by the Kuru clan."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Regional versions",
"text": "Many regional versions of the work developed over time, mostly differing only in minor details, or with verses or subsidiary stories being added."
},
{
"section_header": "Jain version",
"text": "Jain versions of Mahābhārata can be found in the various Jain texts like Harivamsapurana (the story of Harivamsa) Trisastisalakapurusa Caritra (Hagiography of 63 Illustrious persons), Pandavacaritra (lives of Pandavas) and Pandavapurana (stories of Pandavas)."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Just war",
"text": "In the story, one of five brothers asks if the suffering caused by war can ever be justified."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Historical references",
"text": "Several stories within the Mahābhārata took on separate identities of their own in Classical Sanskrit literature."
},
{
"section_header": "Versions, translations, and derivative works | Derivative literature",
"text": "V. S. Khandekar's Marathi novel, Yayati (1960), and Girish Karnad's debut play Yayati (1961) are based on the story of King Yayati found in the Mahabharat."
},
{
"section_header": "Textual history and structure | Historical references",
"text": "However, Indian scholars have, in general, taken this as evidence for the existence of a Mahābhārata at this date, whose episodes Dio or his sources identify with the story of the Iliad."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | The battle at Kurukshetra",
"text": "At this time, Krishna reminds him of his duty as a Kshatriya to fight for a righteous cause in the famous Bhagavad Gita section of the epic."
}
] |
The principal works and stories in it are the Bhagavad Gita, the story of Samayanti, the story of Savitri and Satyavan.
| 1 | 3 |
Mahabharata
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was two and her mother moved to Timmins, Ontario, with her daughters."
}
] |
ugDv0w2CmJIIASKdjFbG
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | 2004–2010: Greatest Hits and delay of new album",
"text": "This was Twain's final recording with husband Lange as producer; on May 15, 2008, it was announced that Twain and Lange were separating."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "On May 15, 2008, it was announced that Twain and Lange were separating after Lange allegedly had an affair with Twain's best friend, Marie-Anne Thiébaud."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "She created Shania Kids Can in 2010, to address the needs of young school children who are typically overlooked by social assistance programs."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents earned little money, and food was often scarce in their household."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents divorced when she was two and her mother moved to Timmins, Ontario, with her daughters."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1994: Shania Twain",
"text": "During this time, she changed her name to Shania, which was said to be an Ojibwa word which means \"on my way.\" However, Twain's biographer, Robin Eggar, writes: \"There is a continuing confusion about what 'Shania' means and if indeed it is an Ojibwe word or phrase at all. ... There is no mispronounced or misheard phrase in either Ojibwe or Cree that comes close to meaning 'on my way.'"
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her mother and stepfather's marriage was stormy at times, and from a young age she witnessed violence between them."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1994: Shania Twain",
"text": "\"she's on the way\". Twain's self-titled debut album was released in 1993 in North America and garnered her audiences outside Canada."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1994: Shania Twain",
"text": "While Shania Twain only reached No. 67 on the US Country Albums Chart, it gained positive reviews from critics."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | 1993–1994: Shania Twain",
"text": "It is therefore possible that someone with an imperfect knowledge of the Ojibwe language created Shania with the incorrect idea it would mean"
}
] |
Shania Twain's parents did get separated when she was young.
| 2 | 6 |
Shania Twain
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The book was banned in Boston and other cities and denounced from pulpits across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One cleric suggested that Lewis should be imprisoned for five years, and there were also threats of physical violence against the author."
}
] |
ugMP1uL1GAVV6WysaWzr
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Elmer Gantry is a satirical novel written by Sinclair Lewis in 1926 that presents aspects of the religious activity of America in fundamentalist and evangelistic circles and the attitudes of the 1920s public toward it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Shortly after the publication of Elmer Gantry, H. G. Wells published a widely syndicated newspaper article called \"The New American People\", in which he largely based his observations of American culture on Lewis' novels."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" Schorer also says that, while researching the book, Lewis attended two or three church services every Sunday while in Kansas City, and that: \"He took advantage of every possible tangential experience in the religious community."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "\" The result is a novel that satirically represents the religious activity of America in evangelistic circles and the attitudes of the 1920s toward it."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "Elmer Gantry also appears as a minor character in two later, lesser-known Lewis novels: The Man Who Knew Coolidge and Gideon Planish."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis",
"text": "He marries well and eventually obtains a large congregation in Lewis's fictional Midwestern city of Zenith."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "There have been five adaptations of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "On publication in 1927, Elmer Gantry created a public furor."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "145–66. James Benedict Moore, \"The Sources of Elmer Gantry\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "OCLC 288825. Mark Schorer, \"Afterword\", Elmer Gantry,"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "The book was banned in Boston and other cities and denounced from pulpits across the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception",
"text": "One cleric suggested that Lewis should be imprisoned for five years, and there were also threats of physical violence against the author."
}
] |
The 1926 novel Elmer Gantry was well received by the religious community.
| 0 | 0 |
Elmer Gantry
|
Literature
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegorical work, it can be read on several levels of allegory, including as praise (or, later, criticism) of Queen Elizabeth I."
}
] |
ugcrfbFa9bzTUD0hLH0O
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Archimago, an evil sorcerer who is sent to stop the knights in the service of the Faerie Queene."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "Britomart carries an enchanted spear that allows her to defeat every knight she encounters, until she loses to a knight who turns out to be her beloved Artegall. (Parallel figure in Ariosto: Bradamante.) Britomart is one of the most important knights in the story."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He is madly in love with the Faerie Queene and spends his time in pursuit of her when not helping the other knights out of their sundry predicaments."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Poetic structure",
"text": "The Faerie Queene was written in Spenserian stanza, which Spenser created specifically for The Faerie Queene."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptation and derivative works",
"text": "In \"The Mathematics of Magic\", the second of Fletcher Pratt and L. Sprague de Camp's Harold Shea stories, the modern American adventurers Harold Shea and Reed Chalmers visit the world of The Faerie Queene, where they discover that the greater difficulties faced by Spenser's knights in the later portions of the poem are explained by the evil enchanters of the piece having organized a guild to more effectively oppose them."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Symbolism and allusion",
"text": "The Faerie Queene was then banned in Scotland."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Spenser's intentions",
"text": "The Faerie Queene still being incomplete."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes | Allegory of virtue",
"text": "A letter written by Spenser to Sir Walter Raleigh in 1590 contains a preface for The Faerie Queene, in which Spenser describes the allegorical presentation of virtues through Arthurian knights in the mythical \"Faerieland\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Major characters",
"text": "He is on a quest from the Faerie Queene to slay the Blatant Beast."
},
{
"section_header": "Composition | Spenser's intentions",
"text": "The Faerie Queene was written for Elizabeth to read and was dedicated to her."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "On a literal level, the poem follows several knights as a means to examine different virtues, and though the text is primarily an allegorical work, it can be read on several levels of allegory, including as praise (or, later, criticism) of Queen Elizabeth I."
}
] |
The Faerie Queene is a story about knights.
| 3 | 7 |
The Faerie Queene
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "While trying to pull out his sword, he was stabbed in the throat, then fell to the floor where he was stabbed many times.\" Pizarro (who now was maybe as old as 70 years and at least 62), collapsed on the floor, alone, painted a cross in his own blood and cried for Jesus Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "In Lima, on 26 June 1541 \"a group of 20 heavily armed supporters of Diego de Almagro II \"el mozo\" stormed Pizarro's palace, assassinating him and then forcing the terrified city council to appoint young Almagro as the new governor of Peru\", according to Burkholder and Johnson."
}
] |
ugq5jj0bhZ4Kw772khVN
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Palace of the Conquest",
"text": "Francisca Pizarro Yupanqui and her uncle/husband Hernando Pizarro ordered the building of the palace; it features busts of them and others."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Palace of the Conquest",
"text": "After returning from Peru extremely wealthy, the Pizarro family erected a plateresque-style palace on the corner of the Plaza Mayor in Trujillo."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Palace of the Conquest",
"text": "The opulent palace is structured in four stands, giving it the significance of the coat of arms of the Pizarro family, which is situated at one of its corner balconies displaying its iconographic content."
},
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "While trying to pull out his sword, he was stabbed in the throat, then fell to the floor where he was stabbed many times.\" Pizarro (who now was maybe as old as 70 years and at least 62), collapsed on the floor, alone, painted a cross in his own blood and cried for Jesus Christ."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Pizarro is also reviled for ordering Atahualpa's death despite the ransom payment (which Pizarro kept, after paying the Spanish king his due)."
},
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "The skull within the lead box not only bore the marks of multiple sword blows, but the features bore a remarkable resemblance to portraits made of the man in life."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Second expedition (1526) | The Famous Thirteen",
"text": "The natives began calling the Spanish the \"Children of the Sun\" due to their fair complexions and brilliant armor."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "Francisco Pizarro and de Soto were opposed to Atahualpa's execution, but Francisco consented to the trial due to the \"great agitation among the soldiers\", particularly by Almagro."
},
{
"section_header": "Expeditions to South America | Conquest of Peru (1532)",
"text": "Though Pizarro's main objective was then to set sail and dock at Tumbes like his previous expedition, he was forced to confront the Punian natives in the Battle of Puná, leaving three or four Spaniards dead and many wounded."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Sculptures",
"text": "The statue faces the Rímac River and the Government Palace."
},
{
"section_header": "Pizarro's death",
"text": "In Lima, on 26 June 1541 \"a group of 20 heavily armed supporters of Diego de Almagro II \"el mozo\" stormed Pizarro's palace, assassinating him and then forcing the terrified city council to appoint young Almagro as the new governor of Peru\", according to Burkholder and Johnson."
}
] |
Pizarro passed in his palace due to multiple stab wounds.
| 0 | 4 |
Francisco Pizarro
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and politics",
"text": "Disturbed at seeing a small group of communist members manipulating the committee, she removed the pro-communist material from her speeches and rewrote them to reflect Democratic President Harry S. Truman's anti-communist platform."
}
] |
uh66mCAHPRA2wYzxOZ2y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | War years, 1941–1944",
"text": ", \"Hollywood owes Olivia a great deal.\" Warner Bros. reacted to de Havilland's lawsuit by circulating a letter to other studios that had the effect of a \"virtual blacklisting\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Olivia Mary de Havilland was born on July 1, 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and politics",
"text": "And I knew they had to be Communists."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and politics",
"text": "Disturbed at seeing a small group of communist members manipulating the committee, she removed the pro-communist material from her speeches and rewrote them to reflect Democratic President Harry S. Truman's anti-communist platform."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Early films, 1935–1937",
"text": "In March, de Havilland and her mother moved into an apartment at the Chateau des Fleurs at 6626 Franklin Avenue in Hollywood."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and politics",
"text": "line—the group was later identified as a Communist front organisation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dame Olivia Mary de Havilland (; July 1, 1916 – July 26, 2020) was a British-American actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Religion and politics",
"text": "In June 1946, she was asked to deliver speeches for the committee that reflected the Communist Party"
},
{
"section_header": "Career | New life in Paris, 1953–1962",
"text": "Many Americans and Britishers who visit the country never quite adjust to this, and the idea persists that the natives speak the language just to show off or be difficult."
},
{
"section_header": "Career assessment and legacy",
"text": "how it affected contemporary female Hollywood stars."
}
] |
Olivia de Havilland was quite seriously concerned with communists running Hollywood.
| 0 | 2 |
Olivia de Havilland
|
Sports
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bancroft was born on April 20, 1891, in Sioux City, Iowa, the youngest of three children of Ella (née Gearhart) and Frank Bancroft."
}
] |
uhYJVv0y7pDG9tsPb1yK
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Boston Braves",
"text": "Upon becoming manager, he became the youngest manager in the National League (NL)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Bancroft was born on April 20, 1891, in Sioux City, Iowa, the youngest of three children of Ella (née Gearhart) and Frank Bancroft."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | New York Giants",
"text": "With the Giants, Bancroft was an able performer."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Giants traded for Bancroft during the 1920 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Bancroft batted third in the Phillies' lineup in 1916."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | New York Giants",
"text": "Bancroft played in all 156 games in the 1922 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Boston Braves",
"text": "With a young Travis Jackson ready to succeed Bancroft as the Giants' shortstop, and with Bancroft desiring an opportunity to manage, McGraw traded Bancroft to the Boston Braves with Bill Cunningham and Casey Stengel for Joe Oeschger and Billy Southworth after the 1923 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Bancroft feuded with Cravath, who became the Phillies' manager in 1919."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Later career",
"text": "After retiring as a player, Bancroft managed in minor league baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Major League Baseball | Philadelphia Phillies",
"text": "Portland's manager was quoted as saying he did not expect Bancroft would last with the Phillies."
}
] |
Dave Bancroft was the youngest child in his family.
| 2 | 6 |
Dave Bancroft
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His middle name, Grant, was bestowed on him in honor of Ulysses S. Grant, the Civil War general."
}
] |
uheP6z2VWjfemXmEziiC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Edward Grant Barrow (May 10, 1868 – December 15, 1953) was an American manager and front office executive in Major League Baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Barrow also effectively blackballed Ruth from MLB's managerial ranks by suggesting to executives of other teams that Ruth was not equipped to manage a baseball team."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He became a reporter for the Des Moines Leader after graduating from high school."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to baseball",
"text": "Barrow returned to baseball in 1910, managing Montreal."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Return to baseball",
"text": "Barrow became manager of the Boston Red Sox in 1918."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Barrow served as field manager until the collapse of the league that season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Barrow managed Paterson again in 1899, but the league folded after the season."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "Barrow told Huggins: \"You're the manager, and you'll not be second guessed by me."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | New York Yankees",
"text": "When Huggins died in 1929, Barrow chose Bob Shawkey to replace him as manager, passing over Ruth, who wanted the opportunity to become a player-manager."
},
{
"section_header": "Baseball career | Early career",
"text": "Disheartened with baseball after finishing in last place, Barrow hired Joe Kelley to manage Toronto in 1907, and after signing the rest of the team's players, became manager of the Windsor Arms Hotel in Toronto."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His middle name, Grant, was bestowed on him in honor of Ulysses S. Grant, the Civil War general."
}
] |
Edward Barrow was a baseball manager partially christened after a high ranking Confederate officer.
| 0 | 0 |
Ed Barrow
|
Geography
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When completed in 1825, it was the second longest canal in the world (after the Grand Canal in China) and greatly enhanced the development and economy of New York, New York City, and the United States."
}
] |
ui6ad1rIzn7cZRpeV5GM
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Construction",
"text": "It was acclaimed as an engineering marvel that united the country and helped New York City develop as an international trade center."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When completed in 1825, it was the second longest canal in the world (after the Grand Canal in China) and greatly enhanced the development and economy of New York, New York City, and the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Route",
"text": "The canal system thus gave New York a competitive advantage, helped New York City develop as an international trade center, and allowed Buffalo to grow from just 200 settlers in 1820 to more than 18,000 people by 1840."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "Earth extracted from the canal was transported to the New York City area and used as landfill in New York and New Jersey."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The canal also made an immense contribution to the wealth and importance of New York City, Buffalo and New York State."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The Canal also helped bind the still-new nation closer to Britain and Europe."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was built to create a navigable water route from New York City and the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes."
},
{
"section_header": "Competition",
"text": "As the canal brought travelers to New York City, it took business away from other ports such as Philadelphia and Baltimore."
},
{
"section_header": "20th century | New York State Canal System",
"text": "In 1992, the New York State Barge Canal was renamed the New York State Canal System (including the Erie, Cayuga-Seneca, Oswego, and Champlain canals) and placed under the newly created New York State Canal Corporation, a subsidiary of the New York State Thruway Authority."
},
{
"section_header": "Impact",
"text": "The Erie Canal greatly lowered the cost of shipping between the Midwest and the Northeast, bringing much lower food costs to Eastern cities and allowing the East to economically ship machinery and manufactured goods to the Midwest."
}
] |
It greatly helped the financial situtation in New York City.
| 2 | 7 |
Erie Canal
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer",
"text": "Strauss never joined the Nazi party, and studiously avoided Nazi forms of greeting."
}
] |
uidXKxmCBzRx4R3wxaoW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer",
"text": "For reasons of expediency, however, he was initially drawn into cooperating with the early Nazi regime in the hope that Hitler—an ardent Wagnerian and music lover who had admired Strauss' work since viewing Salome in 1907—would promote German art and culture."
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer",
"text": "Strauss never joined the Nazi party, and studiously avoided Nazi forms of greeting."
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer",
"text": "In March 1933, when Strauss was 68, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Richard Georg Strauss (German pronunciation: [ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈʃtʁaʊs]; 11 June 1864 – 8 September 1949) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, and violinist."
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer",
"text": "On 17 June 1935, Strauss wrote a letter to Stefan Zweig, in which he stated: Do you believe I am ever, in any of my actions, guided by the thought that I am 'German'?"
},
{
"section_header": "Nazi Germany (1933–1945) | Reichsmusikkammer",
"text": "However, in 1933 he dedicated an orchestral song, \"Das Bächlein\" (\"The Little Brook\"), to Goebbels, in order to gain his cooperation in extending German music copyright laws from 30 years to 50 years."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His opera Friedenstag, which premiered just before the outbreak of World War II, was a thinly veiled criticism of the Nazi party that attempted to persuade Germans to abandon violence for peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Strauss as a conductor",
"text": "The preference for German and Austrian composers in Germany in the 1920s through the 1940s was typical of the German nationalism that existed after World War I. Strauss clearly capitalized on national pride for the great German-speaking composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Strauss as a conductor",
"text": "Strauss, as conductor, made a large number of recordings, both of his own music as well as music by German and Austrian composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Fame and success with operas (1898–1933)",
"text": "He used all of these posts to champion contemporary German composers like Mahler."
}
] |
German composer Richard Strauss cooperated with Hitler because he wanted him to promote German culture and he joined the Nazi party in 1935.
| 0 | 0 |
Richard Strauss
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "So it is just natural.\" Grohl said in 2005, \"I love being in a rock band, but I don't know if I necessarily wanna be in an alternative rock band from the 1990s for the rest of my life.\" Grohl noted that the band's acoustic tour was an attempt to broaden the group's sound."
}
] |
uj99jMUYgMJsOA6aLCRy
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as a one-man project following the dissolution of Nirvana after the suicide of Kurt Cobain."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "Foo Fighters frontman Dave Grohl joined the grunge group Nirvana as its drummer in 1990."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "Foo Fighters have been described as grunge, alternative rock, post-grunge and hard rock."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "So it is just natural.\" Grohl said in 2005, \"I love being in a rock band, but I don't know if I necessarily wanna be in an alternative rock band from the 1990s for the rest of my life.\" Grohl noted that the band's acoustic tour was an attempt to broaden the group's sound."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Wasting Light (2010–2012)",
"text": "The film, entitled Back and Forth, chronicles the band's career, from the dissolution of Nirvana due to the death of frontman Kurt Cobain to the formation of Foo Fighters as Dave Grohl's \"one-man band\" to the status of the band in 2011."
},
{
"section_header": "History | There Is Nothing Left to Lose (1998–2001)",
"text": "Around 2001, Foo Fighters established a relationship with rock band Queen, of whom the band (particularly Grohl and Hawkins) were fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Foo Fighters is an American rock band, formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1994."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Prior to the release of Foo Fighters' 1995 debut album Foo Fighters, which featured Grohl as the only official member, Grohl recruited bassist Nate Mendel and drummer William Goldsmith, both formerly of Sunny Day Real Estate, as well as"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation and debut album (1994–1995)",
"text": "\"I was supposed to just join another band and be a drummer the rest of my life,\" Grohl later said."
},
{
"section_header": "Musical style and legacy",
"text": "When Grohl first started the band, its music was often compared to that of his previous group, Nirvana."
}
] |
The Foo Fighters was founded by Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl as an alternative rock band.
| 0 | 0 |
Foo Fighters
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines."
}
] |
ujJN2fTcebhcbDPRvZmG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her father was Owen Jones, a lecturer in chemistry, and her mother was Ida Spärck, a Norwegian who moved to Britain during World War II leaving on one of the last boats out of Norway after the German invasion in 1940."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "An annual British Computer Society Karen Spärck Jones lecture is named in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Karen Ida Boalth Spärck Jones was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "IDF is used in most search engines today, usually as part of the tf-idf weighting scheme."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 2019, The New York Times published her belated obituary in its series Overlooked, calling her \"a pioneer of computer science for work combining statistics and linguistics, and an advocate for women in the field.\" From 2008, to recognize her achievements in the fields of IR and NLP, the Karen Spärck Jones Award is awarded to a new recipient with outstanding research in one or both of her fields."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Karen Spärck Jones FBA (26 August 1935 – 4 April 2007) was a pioneering British computer scientist responsible for the concept of inverse document frequency, a technology that underlies most modern search engines."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In August 2017, the University of Huddersfield renamed one of its campus buildings in her honour."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Formerly known as Canalside West, the Spärck Jones building houses the University's School of Computing and Engineering."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "One of her most important contributions was the concept of inverse document frequency (IDF) weighting in information retrieval, which she introduced in a 1972 paper."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Spärck Jones worked at the Cambridge Language Research Unit from the late 1950s, then at Cambridge University Computer Laboratory from 1974 until her retirement in 2002."
}
] |
Karen Jones had little lasting effect on the uses of computers and the internet.
| 1 | 2 |
Karen Sparck Jones
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Speaker was born on April 4, 1888, in Hubbard, Texas, to Archie and Nancy Poer Speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tristram Edgar Speaker (April 4, 1888 – December 8, 1958), nicknamed \"The Gray Eagle\", was an American professional baseball player."
}
] |
ujlPzr21moPdr8WVwZF9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "As a youth, Speaker broke his arm after he fell from a horse; the injury forced him to become left-handed."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Speaker was born on April 4, 1888, in Hubbard, Texas, to Archie and Nancy Poer Speaker."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Tristram Edgar Speaker (April 4, 1888 – December 8, 1958), nicknamed \"The Gray Eagle\", was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Speaker was buried at Fairview Cemetery in Hubbard, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "He was described as having \"better than an even chance to live\" and was suffering from a skull fracture, a broken arm and possible internal injuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Newspaper reports have held that Speaker suffered a football injury and nearly had his arm amputated around this time; biographer Timothy Gay characterizes this as \"a story that the macho Speaker never disspelled [sic].\" He worked on a ranch before beginning his professional baseball career."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In January 1933 he became a part owner and manager of the Kansas City Blues."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Traded to the Indians",
"text": "On April 8, 1916, Lannin traded Speaker to the Cleveland Indians."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "The Red Sox won the game in the bottom of the tenth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Major league career | Early years",
"text": "In Fenway Park's first game, Speaker drove in the winning run in the 11th inning, giving Boston the 7–6 win."
}
] |
Tris Speaker aka " The Blue Eagle" was born on April 4, 1888, in Hubbard, Texas, and as a youth broke his arm after he fell from a horse; the injury forced him to become left-handed
| 0 | 0 |
Tris Speaker
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976."
}
] |
ukLtGHOG6kAjdUc9rj00
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Radio",
"text": "\" Boyer would later star in his own radio show entitled \"Presenting Charles Boyer\" during 1950 over NBC."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "He was successful. Then he appeared in a play La Bataille and Boyer became a theatre star overnight."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "He began studies briefly at the Sorbonne, and was waiting for a chance to study acting at the Paris Conservatory."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early acting career",
"text": "In the 1920s, he not only played a suave and sophisticated ladies' man on the stage but also appeared in several silent films."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Walter Wanger",
"text": "Boyer played Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "It was directed by actor Charles Laughton."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Universal",
"text": "In January 1942 Boyer signed a three-year contract with Universal to act and produce."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "Boyer's only child, Michael Charles Boyer (9 December 1943 – 21 September 1965), committed suicide at age 21."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life and death",
"text": "He was playing Russian roulette after separating from his girlfriend."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Broadway",
"text": "This is the act popularly known as Don Juan in Hell."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Charles Boyer (French: [bwaje]; 28 August 1899 – 26 August 1978) was a French-American actor who appeared in more than 80 films between 1920 and 1976."
}
] |
Charles Boyer was a German-American who acted in over 90 plays.
| 1 | 2 |
Charles Boyer
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two years later, their mother, still in her teens and unable to cope with raising two young children, abandoned the family."
}
] |
ukY3KjVu41cLOuKnG8IR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "In 1899, Chandler's brother Robert was born."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Chandler's father allegedly rescued his mother from an orphanage and married her when she was 15, but no record of their marriage has ever been found."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "\"Happy\" because of his jovial nature."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "He was the eldest child of Joseph Sweet and Callie (Saunders) Chandler."
},
{
"section_header": "First term as governor",
"text": "He also endorsed the proposed Child Labor Amendment to the US Constitution and secured passage of a state anti-child-labor law that had been defeated twice in the state legislature by overwhelming margins."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Years later, he sought his mother and found her living in Jacksonville, Florida."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "His full brother, Robert Chandler, died when he fell from a cherry tree when he was 13 years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Two years later, their mother, still in her teens and unable to cope with raising two young children, abandoned the family."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Albert Benjamin Albert Benjamin \"Happy\" Chandler Sr. (July 14, 1898 – June 15, 1991) was an American politician from Kentucky."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "In 1987, filmmaker Robby Henson profiled Chandler in a 30-minute documentary entitled Roads Home: The Life and Times of A.B. 'Happy' Chandler."
}
] |
Happy Chandler's mother deserted him and his brother when he was a child.
| 3 | 4 |
Happy Chandler
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "The story introduces Miss Amelia Evans, strong in both body and mind, who is approached by a hunchbacked man with only a suitcase in hand who claims to be her kin."
}
] |
ulStZSzVYy4JHVXhZH4g
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "\"The Ballad of the Sad Cafe\" opens in a small, isolated town in the Southern United States."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "Miss Amelia had been married to a man named Marvin Macy, who was a vicious and cruel character before he fell in love with her."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "When Miss Amelia, whom the townspeople see as a calculating woman who never acts without reason, takes the stranger into her home, rumors begin to circulate that Miss Amelia has done so in order to take what the hunchback has in his suitcase."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "The Ballad of the Sad Café was adapted into a stage play of the same name by Edward Albee in 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Ballad of the Sad Café, first published in 1951, is a book by Carson McCullers comprising a novella of the same title along with six short stories: \"Wunderkind\", \"The Jockey\", \"Madame Zilensky and the King of Finland\", \"The Sojourner\", \"A Domestic Dilemma\", and \"A Tree, a Rock, a Cloud\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "Macy and Miss Amelia engage in a physical fight, and just as Miss Amelia is about to take the upper hand, Lymon jumps her from behind, allowing Macy to prevail."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "With everyone gathered inside, Miss Amelia brings out some liquor and crackers, which further shocks the men, as they have never witnessed Miss Amelia be hospitable enough to allow drinking inside her home."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "Macy and Cousin Lymon ransack the café, break the till, steal Miss Amelia's curios and money, and disappear from town, leaving Miss Amelia alone."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "It is apparent, though surprising, to the townspeople that Miss Amelia has fallen in love with Cousin Lymon, and has begun to change slightly."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "When the townspeople see this, they relate it to another odd incident in which Miss Amelia was also involved: the issue of her ten-day marriage."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot of the novella",
"text": "The story introduces Miss Amelia Evans, strong in both body and mind, who is approached by a hunchbacked man with only a suitcase in hand who claims to be her kin."
}
] |
One of the characters in The Ballad of the Sad Cafe is Miss Amelia, a shy and meek woman.
| 1 | 3 |
The Ballad of the Sad Cafe
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Senate during the American Civil War."
}
] |
ulU2j65Fk7YX9qvkJH5e
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "In 1847, Sumner denounced a Boston Representative's vote for the declaration of war against Mexico with such vigor that he became a leader of the Conscience Whigs faction of the Massachusetts Whig Party."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Reconstruction and Civil rights",
"text": "As one of the Radical Republican leaders in the post-war Senate, Sumner fought to provide equal civil and voting rights for the freedmen on the grounds that \"consent of the governed\" was a basic principle of American republicanism and in order to keep ex-Confederates from gaining political offices and undoing the North's victory in the Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As an academic lawyer and a powerful orator, Sumner was the leader of the anti-slavery forces in the state and a leader of the Radical Republicans in the U.S. Senate during the American Civil War."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Reconstruction and Civil rights",
"text": "Sumner remained a champion of civil rights for blacks."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Conciliation to South",
"text": "Unlike some other Radical Republicans, he had strongly opposed any hanging or imprisonment of Confederate leaders."
},
{
"section_header": "Senate service | Reconstruction and Civil rights",
"text": "It was the last civil rights legislation for 82 years until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Sumner, teaming with House leader Thaddeus Stevens, battled Andrew Johnson's reconstruction plans and sought to impose a Radical program on the South."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "Sumner lost the case, but the Massachusetts legislature abolished school segregation in 1855."
},
{
"section_header": "Early political career",
"text": "Sumner worked with Horace Mann to improve the system of public education in Massachusetts."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "As the chief Radical leader in the Senate during Reconstruction, Sumner fought hard to provide equal civil and voting rights for the freedmen on the grounds that \"consent of the governed\" was a basic principle of American republicanism, and to block ex-Confederates from power so they would not reverse the gains made from the Union's victory in the Civil War."
}
] |
Sumner was the leader in Massachusetts for women's rights.
| 0 | 3 |
Charles Sumner
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became the fourth person to be elected president without a popular vote victory."
}
] |
umknSiCra9trYW9NLt0Y
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Bush is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush, and the second son to become the American president after his father, the first being John Quincy Adams."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential campaigns | 2004 presidential candidacy",
"text": "Bush's father George H.W. Bush was the previous president who won an absolute majority of the popular vote; he accomplished that feat in the 1988 election."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He became the fourth person to be elected president without a popular vote victory."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential campaigns | 2000 presidential candidacy | General election",
"text": "Bush was the first person to win an American presidential election with fewer popular votes than another candidate since Benjamin Harrison in 1888."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential campaigns | 2004 presidential candidacy",
"text": "Additionally, it was the first time since Herbert Hoover's election in 1928 that a Republican president was elected alongside re-elected Republican majorities in both Houses of Congress."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidency (2001–2009) | Domestic policy | Stem cell research and first veto",
"text": "On July 19, 2006, Bush used his veto power for the first time in his presidency to veto the Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-presidency (2009–present) | Art",
"text": "The net proceeds from his book are donated to the George W. Bush Presidential Center."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential campaigns | 2000 presidential candidacy | General election",
"text": "Although he had received 543,895 fewer individual nationwide votes than Gore, Bush won the election, receiving 271 electoral votes to Gore's 266 (Gore had actually been awarded a total of 267 votes by the states pledged to him plus the District of Columbia, but one D.C. elector abstained)."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and career",
"text": "He was the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and Barbara Pierce."
},
{
"section_header": "Presidential campaigns | 2004 presidential candidacy",
"text": "He won an absolute majority of the popular vote (50.7 percent to his opponent's 48.3 percent)."
}
] |
George W. Bush was not the first US president to be elected without a majority of the people's vote.
| 1 | 1 |
George W. Bush
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Adulthood and first operas",
"text": "Except for a brief return trip to London and to Turin for an opera seria commissioned by King Victor Amadeus III, Cherubini spent the rest of his life in France where he was initiated into Grand Orient de France \"Saint-Jean de Palestine\" Masonic Lodge in 1784."
}
] |
unVpzVyPTKnX3xUWLHeC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Luigi Cherubini ( KERR-uu-BEE-nee, Italian: [luˈiːdʒi keruˈbiːni]; 8 or 14 September 1760 – 15 March 1842) was an Italian Classical and Romantic composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "In 1841, Ingres produced the most celebrated portrait of the old composer."
},
{
"section_header": "Adulthood and first operas",
"text": "His music was strongly influenced by Niccolò Jommelli, Tommaso Traetta, and Antonio Sacchini, who were the leading Italian composers of the day."
},
{
"section_header": "From opera to church music",
"text": "Disappointed with his lack of acclaim in the theater, Cherubini turned increasingly to church music, writing seven masses, two requiems, and many shorter pieces."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "His role at the Conservatoire brought him into conflict with the young Hector Berlioz, who portrayed the old composer in his memoirs as a crotchety pedant."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Although 14 September is sometimes stated, evidence from baptismal records and Cherubini himself suggests the 8th is correct."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "His tomb was designed by the architect Achille Leclère and includes a figure by the sculptor Augustin-Alexandre Dumont representing \"Music\" crowning a bust of the composer with a wreath."
},
{
"section_header": "Adulthood and first operas",
"text": "Cherubini received an important commission to write Démophoon to a French libretto by Jean-François Marmontel that would be his first tragédie en musique."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "By the time he was thirteen, he had composed several religious works."
},
{
"section_header": "Old age and legacy",
"text": "His String Quintet for two violins, viola and two cellos is also considered a first-rate work."
},
{
"section_header": "Adulthood and first operas",
"text": "Except for a brief return trip to London and to Turin for an opera seria commissioned by King Victor Amadeus III, Cherubini spent the rest of his life in France where he was initiated into Grand Orient de France \"Saint-Jean de Palestine\" Masonic Lodge in 1784."
}
] |
The first piece Cherubini composed was at the age of 14.
| 0 | 0 |
Luigi Cherubini
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "MacAbee Beach and San Carlos Beach, which bookend Cannery Row are both popular spots for kayak-launching; San Carlos Beach is one of Monterey Bay's most popular scuba-diving spots."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "The Monterey Bay Aquarium (opened in 1984) is located at the north end of Cannery Row, at the former site of the major Hovden Cannery."
}
] |
unWVzpwJRVlDtcRJ5IWA
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cannery Row is the waterfront street in the New Monterey section of Monterey, California."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "The Monterey Bay Aquarium (opened in 1984) is located at the north end of Cannery Row, at the former site of the major Hovden Cannery."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "MacAbee Beach and San Carlos Beach, which bookend Cannery Row are both popular spots for kayak-launching; San Carlos Beach is one of Monterey Bay's most popular scuba-diving spots."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "By canning squid at the end of its life, Hovden Cannery managed to outlast its neighbors, finally closing its doors in 1973 when it became the last cannery on the row to close."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The street name, formerly a nickname for Ocean View Avenue, became official in January 1958 to honor John Steinbeck and his well-known novel Cannery Row."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the novel's opening sentence, Steinbeck described the street as \"a poem, a stink, a grating noise, a quality of light, a tone, a habit, a nostalgia, a dream.\" Cannery Row was the setting of John Steinbeck's novels Cannery Row (1945) and Sweet Thursday (1954)."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Cannery Row itself is now a tourist attraction with many restaurants and hotels, several of which are located in former cannery buildings, and a few historic attractions."
},
{
"section_header": "Today",
"text": "Some privately owned fishing companies still exist on Cannery Row, housed on piers located a short distance from the historic district frequented by tourists."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "A historical marker is located on the site of the former mansion."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "Pacific Biological Laboratories, a biological supply house, was located at 800 Ocean View Avenue (now 800 Cannery Row) from 1928 to 1948, and operated by Edward F. Ricketts, who was the inspiration for several characters in Steinbeck novels."
}
] |
Cannery Row is the street in the New Monterey section of Mexico located at the north end of Cabo San Lucas beach with a famous aquarium.
| 0 | 0 |
Cannery Row
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "To the Inhabitants of America (1780) The Boot Monument at Saratoga National Historical Park pays tribute to Arnold but does not mention his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: \"major general… born 1740\"."
}
] |
ungY9PzjWbu3ckbyULnV
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Death and afterward | Legacy",
"text": "The boy is not identified until the end of the story, when his place of birth is given as Norwich, Connecticut, and his name is given as Benedict Arnold."
},
{
"section_header": "Plotting to change sides",
"text": "Washington was one of the few who genuinely liked and admired him, but Arnold thought that Washington had betrayed him."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War (American service) | Saratoga Campaign",
"text": "Arnold spent several months recovering from his injuries."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "The house where Arnold lived at 62 Gloucester Place in central London bears a plaque describing him as an \"American Patriot\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "To the Inhabitants of America (1780) The Boot Monument at Saratoga National Historical Park pays tribute to Arnold but does not mention his name."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War (American service) | Saratoga Campaign",
"text": "He was again severely wounded in the left leg late in the fighting."
},
{
"section_header": "Colonial merchant",
"text": "Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on 5 March 1770."
},
{
"section_header": "Plotting to change sides | Offer to surrender West Point",
"text": "He also provided information on a proposed French-American invasion of Quebec that was to go up the Connecticut River (Arnold did not know that this proposed invasion was a ruse intended to divert British resources)."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "\" The victory monument at Saratoga has four niches, three of which are occupied by statues of Generals Gates, Schuyler, and Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Revolutionary War (British service) | British surrender and exile in England",
"text": "Arnold then applied to accompany General Carleton, who was going to New York to replace Clinton as commander-in-chief, but the request went nowhere."
},
{
"section_header": "Honours",
"text": "One plaque bears only a rank and a date but no name: \"major general… born 1740\"."
}
] |
Benedict Arnold still has a place in several American monuments, in which his identity and likeness go purposely unmentioned.
| 0 | 0 |
Benedict Arnold
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes took his own life, to avoid being arrested by Archias of Thurii, Antipater's confidant."
}
] |
unwRBxgt9aGgkU8JfIuY
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years and personal life | Family and personal life",
"text": "His daughter died young and unmarried a few days before Philip II's death."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last political initiatives and death | Case of Harpalus and death",
"text": "But, O gracious Neptune, I, for my part, while I am yet alive, arise up and depart out of this sacred place; though Antipater and the Macedonians have not left so much as the temple unpolluted.\" After saying these words, he passed by the altar, fell down and died."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Confrontation with Philip II | Peace of Philocrates (347–345 BC)",
"text": "Demosthenes was among those who adopted a pragmatic approach, and recommended this stance in his oration On the Peace."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Last political initiatives and death | Confrontation with Alexander",
"text": "Demosthenes encouraged the fortification of Athens and was chosen by the ekklesia to deliver the Funeral Oration."
},
{
"section_header": "Rhetorical legacy",
"text": "In modern history, orators such as Henry Clay would mimic Demosthenes' technique."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Confrontation with Philip II | Case of Meidias (348 BC)",
"text": "Demosthenes decided to prosecute his wealthy opponent and wrote the judicial oration Against Meidias."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Confrontation with Philip II | First Philippic and the Olynthiacs (351–349 BC)",
"text": "Most of Demosthenes' major orations were directed against the growing power of King Philip II of Macedon."
},
{
"section_header": "Works and transmission",
"text": "In the end, sixty-one orations attributed to Demosthenes survived till the present day (some however are pseudonymous)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Cicero said of him that inter omnis unus excellat (\"he stands alone among all the orators\"), and also acclaimed him as \"the perfect orator\" who lacked nothing."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Demosthenes took his own life, to avoid being arrested by Archias of Thurii, Antipater's confidant."
}
] |
Demosthenes was an orator who died in his sleep.
| 0 | 0 |
Demosthenes
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Naver is also frequently referred to as 'the Google of South Korea'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also the world's first operator to introduce the comprehensive search feature, which compiles search results from various categories and presents them in a single page."
}
] |
uo1hhjF78G8Baj89zVXh
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "This was five years before Google launched a similar offer with its 'universal search' function."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Naver is also frequently referred to as 'the Google of South Korea'."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Naver (Hangul: 네이버) is a South Korean online platform operated by Naver Corporation."
},
{
"section_header": "Criticism",
"text": "Their knowledge and blogs are not to be searched on other search sites, which is to operate the site to maximize."
},
{
"section_header": "Junior Naver",
"text": "Ever since its competitors Daum Kids and Yahoo Kids have closed down, Junior Naver is the only children's portal site operating in Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "History",
"text": "In the early days of Naver's operation, there was a relative dearth of webpages available in the Korean language."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was also the world's first operator to introduce the comprehensive search feature, which compiles search results from various categories and presents them in a single page."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver TV",
"text": "Naver TV (formerly Naver TV Cast) is a web broadcast network which mainly provides web dramas distributed by Naver."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Cafe",
"text": "Naver Cafe (Hangul: 네이버 카페) is a service that allows Naver users to create their own internet communities."
},
{
"section_header": "Naver Blog",
"text": "Bloggers' appeared as a newly introduced career with the creation of the Naver blog."
}
] |
When it comes to it's fundamental operation, Naver functions much like Google.
| 0 | 0 |
Naver
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich."
}
] |
uo64kKr5HMnG4z8me1Sm
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "In 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L.A. Guns member Tracii Guns."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slash and McKagan rejoin, tour, and future (2015–present)",
"text": "Guns N' Roses was officially announced as the headliner of Coachella on January 4, 2016, with KROQ reporting Slash and Duff McKagan were rejoining the band."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slash and McKagan rejoin, tour, and future (2015–present) | Not In This Lifetime... Tour",
"text": "The tour's name is a reference to a 2012 interview"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Slash and McKagan rejoin, tour, and future (2015–present)",
"text": "The Coachella festival confirmed via press release that McKagan and Slash were rejoining."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "So, that same night he got fired we started Guns N’"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "\" Rose reportedly purchased the full rights to the Guns N' Roses name in 1997."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Lineup changes and sporadic activity (1994–1999)",
"text": "And that's when Slash really started going, 'Fuck this."
},
{
"section_header": "History | New lineups and Chinese Democracy (1999–2008) | Greatest Hits and label conflict, lawsuits",
"text": "In August 2006, Slash and McKagan sued Rose over Guns N'"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "When they signed to Geffen Records in 1986, the band comprised vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Roses and I called Izzy the next day and said 'Hey, we are gonna start this new band called Guns N’ Roses, do you want in?”"
},
{
"section_header": "History | Formation (1985–1986)",
"text": "Months later, Guns N' Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose, rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with L.A. Guns founders lead guitarist Guns, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich."
}
] |
Guns N' Roses started off with a guitarist named Lizzy McKagan and Slash in 1984.
| 0 | 0 |
Guns N' Roses
|
Geography
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "With Wall Street being historically a commuter destination, a plethora of transportation infrastructure has been developed to serve it."
}
] |
uoIQnLl0cwv1bpa9ULzn
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Pedestrians easily slip through groups of them as they make their way onto Wall Street from the area around historic Trinity Church."
},
{
"section_header": "Transportation",
"text": "With Wall Street being historically a commuter destination, a plethora of transportation infrastructure has been developed to serve it."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "By 2010, Wall Street firms, in Clark's view, were \"getting back to their old selves as engine rooms of wealth, prosperity and excess\"."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Beginning in September 2011, demonstrators disenchanted with the financial system protested in parks and plazas around Wall Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | In the public imagination | In popular culture",
"text": "Scenes were filmed in and around the New York Stock Exchange, with the J.P. Morgan Building at Wall Street and Broad Street standing in for the Exchange."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 20th century | Regulation",
"text": "And the customer — an undercover agent himself -was learning the ways, the wiles and the conventions of Wall Street's drug subculture."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | As an economic engine | Versus Midtown Manhattan",
"text": "A report described the migration from Wall Street: The financial industry has been slowly migrating from its historic home in the warren of streets around Wall Street to the more spacious and glamorous office towers of Midtown Manhattan."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | In the public imagination | As a financial symbol",
"text": "When large firms such as Enron, WorldCom, and Global Crossing were found guilty of fraud, Wall Street was often blamed, even though these firms had headquarters around the nation and not in Wall Street."
},
{
"section_header": "Importance | As an economic engine | Versus Midtown Manhattan",
"text": "A requirement of the New York Stock Exchange was that brokerage firms had to have offices \"clustered around Wall Street\" so clerks could deliver physical paper copies of stock certificates each week."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 21st century",
"text": "Most Wall Street banks didn't actually go around the US hawking dodgy mortgages; they bought and packaged loans from on-the-ground firms such as Countrywide Financial and New Century Financial, both of which hit a financial wall in the crisis."
}
] |
Wall Street has plenty of ways to get around for commuters.
| 2 | 3 |
Wall Street
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1722."
}
] |
uoMlKtVY7KhG205PQlqi
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "However, the original printing did not have an author, as it was an apparent autobiography."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "Includes a chapter on Moll Flanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Defoe's Whig views are nevertheless evident in the story of Moll, and the novel's full title gives some insight into this and the outline of the plot:It is usually assumed that the novel was written by Daniel Defoe, and his name is commonly given as the author in modern printings of the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "Watt, Ian \"The Recent Critical Fortunes of Moll Flanders\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Film, TV, or theatrical adaptations",
"text": "A later American adaptation, Moll Flanders (1996) starred Robin Wright Penn as Moll Flanders and Morgan Freeman as Hibble, with Stockard Channing as Mrs. Allworthy."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Moll Flanders is a novel by Daniel Defoe, first published in 1722."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "She becomes well known among those \"in the trade,\" and is given the name Moll Flanders."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Editions",
"text": "Defoe, Daniel. Defoe, Daniel. Moll Flanders. (Wordsworth Classics, 2001)."
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography | Works of criticism",
"text": "online Chaber, Lois A. \"Matriarchal Mirror: Women and Capital in Moll Flanders\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Her mother is eventually transported to Colonial United States, and Moll Flanders (not her birth name"
}
] |
Moll Flanders was printed in the 1720s.
| 0 | 0 |
Moll Flanders
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall."
}
] |
uoQGMjQIOvjtAQVfL9O9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "The website's critical consensus states, \"Powered by Clint Eastwood's sure-handed direction and a gripping central performance from Bradley Cooper"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "American Sniper is a 2014 American biographical war drama film directed by Clint Eastwood and written by Jason Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The film was produced by Eastwood, Robert Lorenz, Andrew Lazar, Bradley Cooper, and Peter Morgan."
},
{
"section_header": "Production | Development",
"text": "On May 24, 2012, it was announced that Warner Bros. (WB) had acquired the rights to the book with Bradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "At the 87th Academy Awards, American Sniper received six nominations, including Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Actor for Cooper, ultimately winning one award for Best Sound Editing."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "American Sniper nobly presents the case for the other side.\"Peter"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "\"Bradley Cooper stated that much of the criticism ignores that the film was about widespread neglect of returning veterans, and that people who take issue with Kyle should redirect their attention to the leaders who put the troops there in the first place."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": "Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying \"Bradley Cooper, as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, and director Eastwood salute Kyle's patriotism best by not denying its toll."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Critical response",
"text": ", American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Top ten lists",
"text": "Gimme the doll, kid.'\" American Sniper was listed on many critics' top ten lists."
}
] |
American Sniper was directed by Bradley Cooper.
| 0 | 0 |
American Sniper
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three",
"text": "He becomes the butt of practical jokes by the older fellow students."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three",
"text": "Eugene begins his education at UNC as a teenage boy, alienated and out of place."
}
] |
uofGneRB5CYeiW4SuH7C
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Wolfe, Thomas (1929). Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life is a 1929 novel by Thomas Wolfe."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel is written in a \"stream of consciousness\" narrative reminiscent of James Joyce."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A restored version of the original manuscript of Look Homeward, Angel, entitled, O Lost, was published in 2000."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations and performances",
"text": "Frings' adaptation of Look Homeward"
},
{
"section_header": "Critical reception",
"text": "Look Homeward, Angel was published in 1929 to generally positive reviews in North America, most praising the author's brilliance and emotional power."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "O Lost, the original \"author's cut\" of Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by scholars Arlyn and Matthew Bruccoli and published in 2000 on the centennial of Wolfe's birth."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "\"The title of Thomas Wolfe's novel comes from the John Milton poem Lycidas: \"Look homeward Angel now, and melt with ruth: And, O ye Dolphins, waft the hapless youth."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot",
"text": "Matthew Bruccoli said that while Perkins was a talented editor, Look Homeward, Angel is inferior to the complete work of O Lost and that the publication of the complete novel \"marks nothing less than the restoration of a masterpiece to the literary canon.\" The book is divided into three parts, with a total of forty chapters."
},
{
"section_header": "Genesis and publication history",
"text": "The angel was then moved to that town's Oakdale Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three",
"text": "He becomes the butt of practical jokes by the older fellow students."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot | Part Three",
"text": "Eugene begins his education at UNC as a teenage boy, alienated and out of place."
}
] |
In Look Homeward, Angel, Eugene is tormented by his schoolmates' pranks.
| 1 | 3 |
Look Homeward, Angel
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Glavine was born in Concord, Massachusetts and raised in Billerica, Massachusetts."
}
] |
uowIvhrMeBVGgUAtWSXC
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Return to Atlanta Braves (2008)",
"text": "He started against the Chicago Cubs, and he gave up 7 runs in only 4 innings."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "He started Game 2 of the Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, pitching six shutout innings and surrendering only four hits to pick up the win, as the Mets went on to sweep the series from the Dodgers."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "He then started Game 1 of the National League Championship Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, pitching seven shutout innings to pick up the win, helped by Carlos Beltrán's two-run home run."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine did get to enjoy a personal highlight at the end of the season, however, when the Mets called up his brother Mike to join the team."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "According to the pitcher, \"Doctors... picked something up when they did the ultrasound."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine's postseason scoreless innings streak ended in his next start."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Atlanta Braves (1987–2002)",
"text": "In Game 6, he pitched eight innings of one-hit shutout baseball."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "He pitched 6⅓ innings and won 8–3, bringing his lifetime record to 300–197."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "He went on to post a slightly better record, though still a losing one, going 11–14.He started off 2005 slowly, but rebounded after advice from pitching coach Rick Peterson, who encouraged Glavine to begin pitching inside more often (including a change up in) and incorporate a curveball in his repertoire."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | New York Mets (2003–2007)",
"text": "Glavine and the Mets got a scare in August 2006."
},
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "Glavine was born in Concord, Massachusetts and raised in Billerica, Massachusetts."
}
] |
Glavine grew up in Montana.
| 0 | 0 |
Tom Glavine
|
Geography
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "An emphasis on public health and preventive medicine has characterized Chinese health policy since the early 1950s."
}
] |
upZffRSbxXsp1c0xatt9
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The National Health and Family Planning Commission, together with its counterparts in the local commissions, oversees the health needs of the Chinese population."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "By 2011, the campaign resulted in 95% of China's population having basic health insurance coverage."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "The Chinese government has been criticized for its handling of the epidemic and accused of concealing the extent of the outbreak before it became an international pandemic."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "An emphasis on public health and preventive medicine has characterized Chinese health policy since the early 1950s."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "Despite significant improvements in health and the construction of advanced medical facilities, China has several emerging public health problems, such as respiratory illnesses caused by widespread air pollution, hundreds of millions of cigarette smokers, and an increase in obesity among urban youths."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "After Deng Xiaoping began instituting economic reforms in 1978, the health of the Chinese public improved rapidly because of better nutrition, although many of the free public health services provided in the countryside disappeared along with the People's Communes."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "In 2011, China was estimated to be the world's third-largest supplier of pharmaceuticals, but its population has suffered from the development and distribution of counterfeit medications."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "China's large population and densely populated cities have led to serious disease outbreaks in recent years, such as the 2003 outbreak of SARS, although this has since been largely contained."
},
{
"section_header": "Demographics | Health",
"text": "At that time, the Communist Party started the Patriotic Health Campaign, which was aimed at improving sanitation and hygiene, as well as treating and preventing several diseases."
},
{
"section_header": "Politics | Sociopolitical issues and human rights",
"text": "The Chinese democracy movement, social activists, and some members of the Communist Party of China believe in the need for social and political reform."
}
] |
China has a reactionary system in place to handle the populations health needs.
| 1 | 4 |
China
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
}
] |
upbuEFL62XyTOsKy0Dd5
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Best Supporting Actor for Wilkinson, and Best Supporting Actress for Swinton, which she won."
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Academy Award Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) British Academy of Film and Television Arts"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Awards",
"text": "Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) National Board of Review"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Best Screenplay, Original (Tony Gilroy) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Most Promising Filmmaker (Tony Gilroy) Best Screenplay, Original (Tony Gilroy) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Most Promising Filmmaker (Tony Gilroy) London Film Critics Circle Awards Actor of the Year (George Clooney) Best Screenplay, Original (Tony Gilroy) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Most Promising Filmmaker (Tony Gilroy) Best Screenplay, Original (Tony Gilroy) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Most Promising Filmmaker (Tony Gilroy) London Film Critics Circle Awards Actor of the Year (George Clooney) British Actor of the Year (Tom Wilkinson) British Supporting Actress of the Year (Tilda Swinton) Satellite Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Best Picture Best Actor (George Clooney) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Supporting Actress (Tilda Swinton) Best Writer (Tony Gilroy) Chicago Film Critics Association Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Drama (Tilda Swinton) Best Original Screenplay (Tony Gilroy) Screen Actors Guild Awards"
},
{
"section_header": "Reception | Accolades | Nominations",
"text": "Best Director (Tony Gilroy) Best Actor (George Clooney) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Original Screenplay (Tony Gilroy) Best Original Score (James Newton Howard) Best Director (Tony Gilroy) Best Actor (George Clooney) Best Supporting Actor (Tom Wilkinson) Best Original Screenplay (Tony Gilroy) Best Original Score (James Newton Howard) 61st British Academy Film Awards Best Actor in a Leading Role (George Clooney) Best Editing (John Gilroy) Best Original Screenplay (Tony Gilroy) Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Tom Wilkinson) Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Tilda Swinton) 65th Golden Globe AwardsBest Motion Picture – Drama"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy in his feature directorial debut and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton, and Sydney Pollack."
}
] |
Michael Clayton was written by John Grisham and won an award for Best Supporting Actress.
| 0 | 0 |
Michael Clayton
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
}
] |
uphS0Z7gpgYcL9p0P2uz
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel written by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows a cast of characters living in the fictional towns of West Egg and East Egg on prosperous Long Island in the summer of 1922."
},
{
"section_header": "Revival and reassessment",
"text": "His obituary in The New York Times mentioned Gatsby as Fitzgerald \"at his best."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical analysis | Controversy",
"text": "Like many of Fitzgerald's works, The Great Gatsby has been accused of displaying anti-Semitism through the use of Jewish stereotypes."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "One evening, Nick dines with his distant relative, Daisy Buchanan, in the fashionable town of East Egg."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "The town was used as the scene of The Great Gatsby."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Many literary critics consider The Great Gatsby to be one of the greatest novels ever written."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Today, The Great Gatsby is widely considered to be a literary classic and a contender for the title of the \"Great American Novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Contemporary reception",
"text": "Although the novel went through two initial printings, some of these copies remained unsold years later."
},
{
"section_header": "Writing and production",
"text": "\" In this novel, Great Neck (Kings Point) became the \"new money\" peninsula of West Egg and Port Washington (Sands Point) became the \"old money\" East Egg."
},
{
"section_header": "Cover art",
"text": "The cover was completed before the novel, and Fitzgerald was so enamored with it that he told his publisher he had \"written it into\" the novel."
}
] |
Some consider The Great Gatsby as the best novel of all time as it covers Gatsby through the towns of North Egg and South Egg through an exciting summer in the 1920s.
| 1 | 4 |
The Great Gatsby
|
Literature
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. \" The Gold-Bug\" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime."
}
] |
uqGvvNI8FUGRltfwOQpc
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "\"The Gold-Bug\" is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Incidentally, Poe did not return the money to Graham and instead offered to make it up to him with reviews he would write."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe's friend Thomas Holley Chivers said that \"The Gold-Bug\" ushered in \"the Golden Age of Poe's Literary Life\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "Jewish Russian author David Shrayer-Petrov published \"The House of Edgar Allan Poe\" in 2011 Prose, with \"The Gold-Bug\" serving as a major influence."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His story won the grand prize and was published in three installments, beginning in June 1843."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "newspapers made \"The Gold-Bug\" Poe's most widely read short story during his lifetime."
},
{
"section_header": "Adaptations",
"text": "It was used in the story for the antagonists to communicate and is decrypted by its writer, Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Influence",
"text": "One character learns that the main characters are searching for treasure, and he asks them if they have been reading Edgar Allan Poe."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "Poe won the grand prize; in addition to winning $100, the story was published in two installments on June 21 and June 28, 1843, in the newspaper."
},
{
"section_header": "Publication history and reception",
"text": "\"The Gold-Bug\" was republished as the first story in the Wiley & Putnam collection of Poe's Tales in June 1845, followed by \"The Black Cat\" and ten other stories."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The prize also included $100, probably the largest single sum that Poe received for any of his works. \" The Gold-Bug\" was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of Poe's works during his lifetime."
}
] |
Edgar Allen Poe's "The Gold Bug" won money for him in a competition.
| 0 | 5 |
The Gold Bug
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "It was in Nashville that his nickname had taken hold with the fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "He hit .340 in 1923 for the Nashville Vols of the Southern Association."
}
] |
uqPBZFs0rehq45vZXIby
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "Two explanations have been given for the origin of Cuyler's nickname, \"Kiki\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "He hit .340 in 1923 for the Nashville Vols of the Southern Association."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "It was in Nashville that his nickname had taken hold with the fans."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "When a fly ball was hit to the Nashville outfield and it was judged to be Cuyler's play, the shortstop would call out \"Cuy\" and this call would be echoed by the second baseman."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hazen Shirley Cuyler (; August 30, 1898 – February 11, 1950), nicknamed Kiki, was an American professional baseball right fielder."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "The Giants scored 4 runs in the top of the tenth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "\" Cuyler was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968.In Harrisville, Cuyler's son Harold opened a restaurant after his father's death called Ki Cuyler's Bar & Grill, and he owned and operated it for a time."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Pittsburgh Pirates",
"text": "In the second explanation, \"Kiki Cuyler\" came from the player's stuttering problem and the way it sounded when Cuyler said his own last name."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life and legacy",
"text": "In 2008, State Highway M-72 within Alcona County was named the \"Hazen Shirley 'Kiki' Cuyler Memorial Highway\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Chicago Cubs and later career",
"text": "After two straight outs to start the bottom of the tenth inning, teammate Mark Koenig hit a solo home run, this was followed by three straight singles."
}
] |
Kiki Cuyler's nickname stuck when he played for the Vols in Nashville.
| 0 | 0 |
Kiki Cuyler
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He retired after the 1964 season, but returned to work as a substitute umpire for 17 games in 1965.Conlan was known for several trademarks: Instead of a regular dress tie like most umpires of the day wore, Conlan wore a natty bow tie for his career."
}
] |
uqpV1Uy9zxwfQqw1SnHH
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Bertrand \"Jocko\" Conlan (December 6, 1899 – April 16, 1989) was an American baseball umpire who worked in the National League (NL) from 1941 to 1965."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument with Leo Durocher",
"text": "As Conlan was wearing shin guards, he was not injured by Durocher's kicks."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "In those days, only two umpires covered typical regular-season games, and a player with a reputation for honesty might be pressed into service if one umpire became incapacitated."
},
{
"section_header": "Later life",
"text": "\"Conlan was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Committee on Baseball Veterans in 1974."
},
{
"section_header": "Argument with Leo Durocher",
"text": "But I admired him for his courage as a player and an official.\" Jocko Conlan and manager Leo Durocher were both known as colorful characters, and sometimes they would clash."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "Conlan's name was mentioned several times in a fictitious baseball game celebrated in the 1962 song \"The Los Angeles Dodgers\", recorded by Danny Kaye."
},
{
"section_header": "Popular culture",
"text": "The book Carl Erskine's Tales from the Dodgers Dugout: Extra Innings (2004) includes short stories from former Dodger pitcher Carl Erskine."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career",
"text": "Beginning his professional baseball career in 1920, Conlan spent 13 years as a minor league player."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1974 by the Veterans Committee."
},
{
"section_header": "Umpiring career",
"text": "He retired after the 1964 season, but returned to work as a substitute umpire for 17 games in 1965.Conlan was known for several trademarks: Instead of a regular dress tie like most umpires of the day wore, Conlan wore a natty bow tie for his career."
}
] |
Jocko Conlan became an umpire after he was injured in a baseball game.
| 0 | 0 |
Jocko Conlan
|
Literature
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "\" James' portrayal of Boston reformers was denounced as inaccurate and unfair, especially because some felt James had satirised actual persons in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society."
}
] |
urWOxwRfc6vTzpS7ynxv
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James, first published as a serial in The Century Magazine in 1885–1886 and then as a book in 1886."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "James shows remarkable ability to create a broad cross-section of American society, which helps refute the charge that he could only handle small, closed-off bits of life."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Another theme in the book, much discussed recently, is Olive's possible lesbian attraction to Verena. (The term Boston marriage, apparently first used here by James, came to connote just such an ambiguous co-habiting long-term relationship between two women.) James is not explicit here, partially due to the conventions of the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "The final sentence of the novel shows Verena in tears – not to be her last, James assures us."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "\" James' portrayal of Boston reformers was denounced as inaccurate and unfair, especially because some felt James had satirised actual persons in the novel."
},
{
"section_header": "Themes",
"text": "Unlike much of James' work, The Bostonians deals with explicitly political themes: feminism and the general role of women in society."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "James himself once wrote an observation that The Bostonians had never, \"even to my much-disciplined patience, received any sort of justice."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "The Bostonians is allegedly based on the novel \"The Evangelist,\" by Alphonse Daudet."
},
{
"section_header": "Critical evaluation",
"text": "Edmund Wilson wrote in 1938, in his book The Triple Thinkers: Ten Essays on Literature, \"The first hundred pages of The Bostonians, with the arrival of the young Southerner in Boston and his first contacts with the Boston reformers, is, in its way, one of the most masterly things that Henry James ever did.\" The quiet but significant struggle between Olive Chancellor and Basil Ransom does seem more pertinent and engrossing today than it might have appeared to 19th century readers, because it records the struggles of a historical period that has had, we can now see, a profound impact upon the kind of country America has become."
},
{
"section_header": "Plot summary",
"text": "Ransom shows up at the hall just before Verena is scheduled to begin her speech."
}
] |
The Bostonians is a novel by Henry James showing the policies for the male population in shreds, much like the large cross pictured in Boston's reformer convention center at the time.
| 0 | 0 |
The Bostonians
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by the myth of Phaedra, Hippolytus, and Theseus."
}
] |
usKoA8L6w9L0tb5L7nKe
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "Desire Under the Elms was inspired by plot elements and characters from the Euripides play Hippolytus."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Desire Under the Elms is a 1924 play written by Eugene O'Neill."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "O'Neill takes this one step further in Desire Under the Elms and makes Abbie's misguided actions the begetting and murder of her child."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "\" This can be seen in Desire under the Elms through Eben's opinion that Ephraim worked his mother to death and largely drives the plot."
},
{
"section_header": "Influences",
"text": "In Desire Under the Elms: In the Light of Strindberg's Influence, Murray Hartman also saw strong parallels between Desire Under the Elms and the work of August Strindberg, writing \"At any rate, there is hardly a plot element in the play that cannot be traced to one or more sources in Strindberg.\" He details several elements of O'Neill and Strindberg's biographies that are similar, and how they manifest in Desire Under the Elms, in addition to naming several specific works of Strindberg's, such as The People of Hemsö, The Bridal Crown, and The Son of a Servant."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Like Mourning Becomes Electra, Desire Under the Elms signifies an attempt by O'Neill to adapt plot elements and themes of Greek tragedy to a rural New England setting."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It was inspired by the myth of Phaedra, Hippolytus, and Theseus."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "This play was adapted by Balwant Gargi (under the name \"Balde Tibbe\") in Punjabi, Department of Drama and Dramatics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, as the second—year final production of 2015."
},
{
"section_header": "Production history",
"text": "New Vic Theatre (Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, UK, 2010) – Directed by James Dacre, starring Gareth Thomas as Ephraim Cabot, Victoria Lloyd as Anna Putnam, Cary Crankson as Eben Cabot, Owen Oakeshott as Peter Cabot and Timothy Chipping as Simeon Cabot. Lyric Hammersmith (2012) – Directed by Sean Holmes and designed by Ian MacNeil, starring Morgan Watkins as Eben Cabot, Denise Gough as Anna Putnam and Finbar Lynch as Ephraim Cabot."
}
] |
Desire Under the Elms was inspired by O'Neill's siblings.
| 1 | 5 |
Desire Under the Elms
|
Music
| 6 |
[
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product and endorsements",
"text": "In 2001, she signed a deal with shoe company Skechers, and a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, their biggest entertainment deal at the time."
}
] |
usOxNWGGNfKJWL3luHaw
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "The company now ships to over 200 countries including Australia and New Zealand."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "The company said it aimed to shake up the 'jungle' world of fashion with Spears's 'La Collection Memento"
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product and endorsements",
"text": "In 2001, she signed a deal with shoe company Skechers, and a $7–8 million promotional deal with Pepsi, their biggest entertainment deal at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | Product and endorsements",
"text": "In July 2011, a Los Angeles judge denied the request by the company lawyers, claiming the fact that Spears is still under conservatorship."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2001–2002: Britney and Crossroads",
"text": "[...] It does sound like the work of a star who has now found and refined her voice, resulting in her best record yet."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "Spears began work on her eighth studio album, Britney Jean, in December 2012, and enlisted"
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Spears has had a direct influence on singer Porcelain Black's work after growing up around her music as a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2018–present: Piece of Me Tour, hiatus, and the #FreeBritney movement",
"text": "Her team also announced that Spears would go on an indefinite work hiatus, putting all activities and commitments on hold, so that she can spend time with her family."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "number one single \"Hold It Against Me\". \" Work Bitch\" debuted and peaked at number 7 on the UK Singles Chart."
},
{
"section_header": "Life and career | 2013–2015: Britney Jean and Britney: Piece of Me",
"text": "\"Work Bitch\" was released as the lead single from Britney Jean on September 16, 2013, one day earlier than expected after being leaked online."
}
] |
Britney Spears has worked with a soft drink company.
| 2 | 6 |
Britney Spears
|
Geography
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two partially retractable roof structures over the east and west end of the stadium can be opened to allow sunlight and aid pitch growth."
}
] |
usZlp8ZQNdp8afQOV0MX
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "It supports all the weight of the north roof and 60% of the weight of the retractable roof on the southern side."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium",
"text": "The all-seater stadium is a bowl design with a capacity of 90,000, protected from the elements by a sliding roof that does not completely enclose it."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport connections | Onsite parking",
"text": "Stations near by: The onsite parking facility is shared with Wembley Arena, essentially being the open air surface parking surrounding the eastern flank of Wembley Stadium and the multi-storey car park."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Structure",
"text": "4,000 separate piles form the foundations of the new stadium, the deepest of which is 35 m (115 ft)."
},
{
"section_header": "Sports",
"text": "Since the new Wembley Stadium opened in 2007 Wembley has hosted games during the NFL regular season."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Handover and opening",
"text": "The official Wembley Stadium website had announced that the stadium would be open for public viewing for local residents of Brent on 3 March 2007, however this was delayed by two weeks and instead happened on 17 March."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Two partially retractable roof structures over the east and west end of the stadium can be opened to allow sunlight and aid pitch growth."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Construction",
"text": "WNSL was expected to pay around £36m to Multiplex, on top of the amount of the original fixed-price contract."
},
{
"section_header": "Transport connections",
"text": "The \"Wembley Stadium Protective Parking Scheme\" sets a boundary in which parking on street is restricted to only those that hold an event day parking permit."
},
{
"section_header": "Stadium | Handover and opening",
"text": "While the stadium had hosted football matches since the handover in March, the stadium was officially opened on Saturday 19 May, with the staging of the 2007 FA Cup Final."
}
] |
The new Wembley Stadium has weather protection in the form of fixed plexiglass stepped roofing overhead with open air sides.
| 0 | 0 |
Wembley Stadium
|
Music
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of mixed race birth, Coleridge-Taylor achieved such success that he was referred to by white New York musicians as the \"African Mahler\" when he had three tours of the United States in the early 1900s."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "Her parents objected to the marriage because Taylor was of mixed-race parentage, but relented and attended the wedding."
}
] |
ut9nf3s4IbhMiQQjSmI1
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In the United States, he became increasingly interested in his paternal racial heritage."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "They were not married, and Daniel Taylor returned to Africa without learning that Alice was pregnant. (Alice Hare Martin's parents were not married at her birth, either.) Alice Martin named her son Samuel Coleridge Taylor after the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born in 1875 in Holborn, London, to Alice Hare Martin (1856–1953), an English woman, and Dr. Daniel Peter Hughes Taylor, a Creole from Sierra Leone who had studied medicine in the capital."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriage",
"text": "Her parents objected to the marriage because Taylor was of mixed-race parentage, but relented and attended the wedding."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous publishing | Thelma, the missing opera",
"text": "There are minor discrepancies between the full score and the vocal score (the occasional passage occurring in different keys in the two, for example), but nothing that would inhibit the production of a complete, staged performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "The Heritage of Samuel Coleridge-Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous publishing",
"text": "This group subsequently made world premiere recordings of the Nonet, Fantasiestücke for string quartet and Six Negro Folksongs for piano trio, which were released in 1998 by Afka Records."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "Coleridge-Taylor's greatest success was undoubtedly his cantata Hiawatha's Wedding Feast, which was widely performed by choral groups in England during Coleridge-Taylor's lifetime and in the decades after his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Posthumous publishing",
"text": "The first modern performance of the Piano Quintet was given on 7 November 2001 by Burrage's chamber music group, Ensemble Liverpool / Live-A-Music in Liverpool Philharmonic Hall."
},
{
"section_header": "Sources and further reading",
"text": "Green, Jeffrey (2011). Samuel Coleridge-Taylor, a Musical Life."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of mixed race birth, Coleridge-Taylor achieved such success that he was referred to by white New York musicians as the \"African Mahler\" when he had three tours of the United States in the early 1900s."
}
] |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was born to parents of the different racial group.
| 0 | 4 |
Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
|
Science
| 4 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During some period of their life cycle, chordates possess a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail: these five anatomical features define this phylum."
}
] |
uu1DmrNpjVVlMu9Ngqmp
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chordates are divided into three subphyla: Vertebrata (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals); Tunicata or Urochordata (sea squirts, salps); and Cephalochordata (which includes lancelets)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A chordate () is an animal of the phylum Chordata."
},
{
"section_header": "History of name",
"text": "Benton included the Superclass Tetrapoda in the Subclass Sarcopterygii in order to reflect the direct descent of tetrapods from lobe-finned fish, despite the former being assigned a higher taxonomic rank.)Class Amphibia (amphibians; 8,100+ species) Class Sauropsida (reptiles (including birds); 19,000+ species – 10,000+ species of birds and 9,500+ species of reptiles) Class Synapsida (mammals; 5,700+ species) Although the name Chordata is attributed to William Bateson (1885), it was already in prevalent use by 1880."
},
{
"section_header": "Anatomy",
"text": "The Craniata and Tunicata compose the clade Olfactores. (See diagram under Phylogeny.) Chordates form a phylum of animals that are defined by having at some stage in their lives all of the following anatomical features: A notochord, a fairly stiff rod of cartilage that extends along the inside of the body."
},
{
"section_header": "Phylogeny | Overview",
"text": "Fossils of one major deuterostome group, the echinoderms (whose modern members include starfish, sea urchins and crinoids), are quite common from the start of the Cambrian, 542 million years ago."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Of the more than 65,000 living species of chordates, about half are bony fish that are members of the superclass Pisces, class Osteichthyes."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Hemichordata (which includes the acorn worms) has been presented as a fourth chordate subphylum, but now is treated as a separate phylum: hemichordates and Echinodermata form the Ambulacraria, the sister phylum of the Chordates."
},
{
"section_header": "Subphyla | Cephalochordata: Lancelets",
"text": "Cephalochordates, one of the three subdivisions of chordates, are small, \"vaguely fish-shaped\" animals that lack brains, clearly defined heads and specialized sense organs."
},
{
"section_header": "Phylogeny | Overview",
"text": "The current consensus is that chordates are monophyletic, meaning that the Chordata include all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor, which is itself a chordate, and that craniates' nearest relatives are tunicates."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "During some period of their life cycle, chordates possess a notochord, a dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, an endostyle, and a post-anal tail: these five anatomical features define this phylum."
}
] |
The phylum Chordata includes sea squirts, fish and reptiles and is defined by all members having backbones.
| 3 | 7 |
Chordata
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "The following season, his playing time was limited, but the Tigers reached the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "The Reds won the series 4 games to 3."
}
] |
uum2TqfUUdhR6GgAA4mJ
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "Averill was traded to the Detroit Tigers in the middle of the 1939 season (June 14)."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "His son, Earl D. Averill, also played in the majors from 1956 through 1963."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "The following season, his playing time was limited, but the Tigers reached the World Series."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "The Reds won the series 4 games to 3."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "His nickname was \"The Earl of Snohomish\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Howard Earl Averill (May 21, 1902 – August 16, 1983) was an American professional baseball player."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "After his career, he was very outspoken on being elected to the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He was a six-time All-Star (1933–1938) and was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975."
},
{
"section_header": "After baseball",
"text": "While he did not campaign for induction, he did make the statement that, \"Had I been elected after my death, I had made arrangements that my name never be placed in the Hall of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Major League Baseball career",
"text": "In a 13-year career, Averill was in 1669 games played, compiling a .318 batting average (2019-6353) with 1224 runs scored, 401 doubles, 128 triples, 238 home runs, 1164 RBI and 774 bases on balls."
}
] |
Earl Averill is a Hall of Famer that played Major League Baseball and won a Championship with the Detroit Tigers.
| 0 | 0 |
Earl Averill
|
Science
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans."
}
] |
uuui9yGuLnXGRl7E5Qe5
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Free-living species",
"text": "Different free-living species feed on materials as varied as algae, fungi, small animals, fecal matter, dead organisms, and living tissues."
},
{
"section_header": "Free-living species",
"text": "One roundworm of note, C. elegans, lives in the soil and has found much use as a model organism."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "The understanding of roundworm systematics and phylogeny as of 2002 is summarised below: Phylum Nematoda"
},
{
"section_header": "Reproduction",
"text": "In free-living roundworms, the eggs hatch into larvae, which appear essentially identical to the adults, except for an underdeveloped reproductive system; in parasitic roundworms, the lifecycle is often much more complicated."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Greek: Νηματώδη; Latin: Nematoda) or roundworms constitute the phylum Nematoda (also called Nemathelminthes), with plant-parasitic nematodes being known as eelworms."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Nematode systematics",
"text": "RhabditinaAs it seems, the Secernentea are indeed a natural group of closest relatives, but the \"Adenophorea\" appear to be a paraphyletic assemblage of roundworms simply retaining a good number of ancestral traits."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Some nematode species transmit plant viruses through their feeding activity on roots."
},
{
"section_header": "Taxonomy and systematics | Phylogeny",
"text": "Morphological characters and molecular phylogenies agree with placement of the roundworms as a sister taxon to the parasitic Nematomorpha; together, they make up the Nematoida."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species | Agriculture and horticulture",
"text": "Depending on the species, a nematode may be beneficial or detrimental to plant health."
},
{
"section_header": "Parasitic species",
"text": "Several phytoparasitic nematode species cause histological damages to roots, including the formation of visible galls (e.g. by root-knot nematodes), which are useful characters for their diagnostic in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A third of the genera occur as parasites of vertebrates; about 35 nematode species occur in humans."
}
] |
The nematodes is a roundworm and there is 50 different species.
| 0 | 0 |
Nematoda
|
History
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "From age 40 his heart condition returned with increasing severity until his death from heart failure in 1902, aged 48, at his seaside cottage in Muizenberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career never recovered; his heart was weak and after years of poor health he died in 1902."
}
] |
uuzLVDg6VQCx6axOYuYa
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Childhood | England and Jersey",
"text": "His health was weak and there were fears that he might be consumptive (have tuberculosis), a disease of which several of the family showed symptoms."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "His career never recovered; his heart was weak and after years of poor health he died in 1902."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal relationships | Personal life",
"text": "Pickering eventually died in Rhodes's arms."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "On returning to England in 1872, his health again deteriorated with heart and lung problems, to the extent that his doctor, Sir Morell Mackenzie, believed he would survive only six months."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal relationships | Personal life",
"text": "Rhodes made Pickering the sole beneficiary of his will, but an accident resulted in Pickering catching septicaemia, during which time Rhodes spent six weeks trying to nurse Pickering back to health."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "Although Rhodes remained a leading figure in the politics of southern Africa, especially during the Second Boer War, he was dogged by ill health throughout his relatively short life."
},
{
"section_header": "Childhood | South Africa",
"text": "The diseased vineyards were dug up and replanted, and farmers were looking for alternatives to wine."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "From age 40 his heart condition returned with increasing severity until his death from heart failure in 1902, aged 48, at his seaside cottage in Muizenberg."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal relationships | Princess Radziwiłł",
"text": "Her accusations were eventually proven to be false."
},
{
"section_header": "Death",
"text": "He returned to Kimberley where his health improved."
}
] |
Rhodes struggled with health issues most his life and passed from congestive heart disease eventually.
| 1 | 3 |
Cecil Rhodes
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees were a British pop music group formed in 1958."
}
] |
uvc5dxc4leW0RDWItUgU
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "We didn't know what was going to happen."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "The group later acknowledged that this enabled them to greatly improve their skills as recording artists."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "In March 1978, the Bee Gees held the top two positions on the US charts with \"Night Fever\" and \"Stayin' Alive\", the first time this had happened since the Beatles."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1955–1966: Music origins, Bee Gees formation and popularity in Australia",
"text": "They formed a skiffle/rock-and-roll group, the Rattlesnakes, which consisted of Barry on guitar and vocals, Robin and Maurice on vocals and friends Paul Frost on drums and Kenny Horrocks on tea-chest bass."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "That's an iconic group. Not just a great band, but a great group of songwriters."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Bee Gees' 1st, Horizontal and Idea",
"text": "After that, the group was off to Switzerland."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1967–1969: International fame and touring years | Odessa, Cucumber Castle and breakup",
"text": "They had recruited their sister, Lesley, into the group at this time."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There, in 1955, they formed the skiffle/rock and roll group the Rattlesnakes."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1975–1979: Turning to disco | Saturday Night Fever and Spirits Having Flown",
"text": "That's our life span, like most groups in the late '60s."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy | Songwriting",
"text": "It is a loss to the music industry and a loss of an iconic group."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Bee Gees were a British pop music group formed in 1958."
}
] |
The formation of the group happened in 1961.
| 0 | 0 |
Bee Gees
|
Sports
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary",
"text": "According to AL umpire Bill Summers, \"[O]n account of Red Ruffing, the slider got to be the thing.\" Joe Paparella, also an AL umpire, said \"The first game I ever worked behind the plate in the major leagues was against the guy who invented the slider and had the best slider ever seen — Red Ruffing\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary",
"text": "Ruffing threw a fastball, a \"sharp\" curveball, and a slider."
}
] |
uw1m0afIkZdE7BCX1VSi
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary",
"text": "Ruffing could also handle the bat very well compared to most other pitchers, hitting 36 home runs and batting .269 in 1,937 career at-bats."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He won only nine games. Ruffing often had difficulty pitching more than five innings in a game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "He pitched without earning a decision in over 23 innings pitched, and had a 6.65 earned run average (ERA)."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "Someone in the Red Sox organization suggested to Ruffing that he should try to gain weight by drinking beer, which saw him grow from 185 pounds (84 kg) to 240 pounds (110 kg).During the 1930 season, Bob Quinn, the owner of the Red Sox, was in debt and afraid he would lose the team due to foreclosure."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | New York Yankees | 1930–1938",
"text": "This helped Ruffing save his arm strength for the later innings of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary",
"text": "According to AL umpire Bill Summers, \"[O]n account of Red Ruffing, the slider got to be the thing.\" Joe Paparella, also an AL umpire, said \"The first game I ever worked behind the plate in the major leagues was against the guy who invented the slider and had the best slider ever seen — Red Ruffing\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "After struggling with Boston, pitching to a 36–96 win–loss record, the Red Sox traded Ruffing to the Yankees, where he became successful, pitching as the Yankees' ace through 1946."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Minor leagues (1923–24)",
"text": "After pitching for Danville in the 1923 season, the Boston Red Sox purchased Ruffing from Danville for $4,000 ($60,023 in current dollar terms).The Red Sox assigned Ruffing to the Dover Senators of the Class D Eastern Shore League to pitch at the start of the 1924 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "Ruffing made his major league debut with the Red Sox on May 31, 1924."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Boston Red Sox (1924–1930)",
"text": "The Red Sox chose Ruffing to be their Opening Day starting pitcher for the 1929 season."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional career | Major leagues | Career summary",
"text": "Ruffing threw a fastball, a \"sharp\" curveball, and a slider."
}
] |
Red Ruffing lobbed the ball at the man with the weighted stick in a very standard way He was a very mediocre pitching man that did not do tricky things.
| 0 | 0 |
Red Ruffing
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "To write and certify the will, his family requested Giovanni Giustiniani, a priest of San Procolo."
}
] |
uw7QAYdQdcyOQvvC9J6N
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Scholarly analyses | Assessments",
"text": "\"If Marco was a liar,\" Haw writes, \"then he must have been an implausibly meticulous one."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life and Asian travel",
"text": "In 1168, his great-uncle, Marco Polo, borrowed money and commanded a ship in Constantinople."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo | Role of the Dominican Order",
"text": "In his writings, the Dominican brother Jacopo d'Acqui explains why his contemporaries were skeptical about the content of the book."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life and Asian travel",
"text": "Meanwhile, Marco Polo's mother died, and an aunt and uncle raised him."
},
{
"section_header": "Travels of Marco Polo | Narrative",
"text": "The book opens with a preface describing his father and uncle traveling to Bolghar where Prince Berke Khan lived."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Birthplace and family origin",
"text": "His first known ancestor was a great uncle, Marco Polo (the older) from Venice, who lent some money and commanded a ship in Costantinople."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "To write and certify the will, his family requested Giovanni Giustiniani, a priest of San Procolo."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Genoese captivity and later life",
"text": "Marco and his uncle Maffeo financed other expeditions, but likely never left Venetian provinces, nor returned to the Silk Road and Asia."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early life and Asian travel",
"text": "In 1271, during the rule of Doge Lorenzo Tiepolo, Marco Polo (at seventeen years of age), his father, and his uncle set off for Asia on the series of adventures that Marco later documented in his book."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "There is substantial literature based on Polo's writings; he also influenced European cartography, leading to the introduction of the Fra Mauro map."
}
] |
Marco Polo had his uncle write his will.
| 0 | 0 |
Marco Polo
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War"
}
] |
uwmE7G5ylyW1gNCdHTpG
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "Temple, William H. \"William H. Seward: Secretary of State March 5, 1861, to March 4, 1869 \" in Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "William Henry Seward (May 16, 1801 – October 10, 1872) was United States Secretary of State from 1861 to 1869, and earlier served as governor of New York and as a United States Senator."
},
{
"section_header": "Lawyer and state senator | State senator and gubernatorial candidate",
"text": "Democratic Governor William Marcy was heavily favored to be re-elected, and few prominent Whigs were anxious to run a campaign which would most likely be lost."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1860 | Candidate for the nomination",
"text": "each stated that if Seward or another Radical Republican was elected, he would meet with the resistance of a united South."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | Involvement in wartime detentions",
"text": "Seward took action against them: his son Frederick, the United States Assistant Secretary of State, reported to his father that the disloyal legislators were in prison."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Johnson administration | Reconstruction and impeachment",
"text": "The Republican anger against Johnson extended to his Secretary of State—"
},
{
"section_header": "Bibliography",
"text": "pp 3–115. pp 3–115. Valone, Stephen J. (Fall 1995). \" \"Weakness offers temptation\": William H. Seward and the reassertion of the Monroe Doctrine\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Election of 1860 | Candidate for the nomination",
"text": "Conservative factions in the evolving Republican Party opposed Seward."
},
{
"section_header": "Secretary of State | Lincoln administration | 1864 election; Hampton Roads Conference",
"text": "Lincoln sought nomination by the National Union Party, composed of Republicans and War Democrats."
},
{
"section_header": "U.S. Senator | First term",
"text": "Although Clay had hoped the Compromise would be a final settlement on the matter of slavery that could unite the nation, it divided his Whig Party, especially when the 1852 Whig National Convention endorsed it to the anger of liberal northerners like Seward."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "A determined opponent of the spread of slavery in the years leading up to the American Civil War"
}
] |
William H. Seward was a United States Secretary of State for the Republican party and favored slavery.
| 0 | 0 |
William H. Seward
|
Music
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among his best-known marches are \"The Stars and Stripes"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forever\" (National March of the United States of America), \"Semper Fidelis\" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), \"The Liberty Bell\", \"The Thunderer\", and \"The Washington Post\"."
}
] |
uwyVvNtQOhRkRam9YJ90
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "John Philip Sousa Award",
"text": "Even after death, Sousa continues to be remembered as \"The March King\" through the John Philip Sousa Foundation."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "John Philip Sousa (; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era known primarily for American military marches."
},
{
"section_header": "John Philip Sousa Award",
"text": "The non-profit organization founded in 1981, recognizes one superior student in marching band for \"musicianship, dependability, loyalty, and cooperation.\" The John Philip Sousa Foundation provides awards, scholarships, and projects such as The Sudler Trophy, The Sudler Shield, The Sudler Silver Scroll, The Sudler Flag of Honor, The Historic Roll of Honor, The Sudler Cup, The Hawkins Scholarship, National Young Artists, The National Community Band, and The Junior Honor Band Project."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Marches",
"text": "Sousa wrote over 130 marches, published by Harry Coleman of Philadelphia, Carl Fischer Music, the John Church Company, and the Sam Fox Publishing Company, the last association beginning in 1917 and continuing until his death."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "All were buried in the John Philip Sousa plot in the Congressional Cemetery."
},
{
"section_header": "Honors",
"text": "The World War II Liberty Ship SS John Philip Sousa was named in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Operettas",
"text": "In addition, Sousa wrote a march based on themes from Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera"
},
{
"section_header": "Memberships",
"text": "Sousa was a member of the Sons of the Revolution, Military Order of Foreign Wars, American Legion, Freemasons and the Society of Artists and Composers."
},
{
"section_header": "Music | Marches",
"text": "\"Pride of the Wolverines\" (1926) \"Minnesota March\" (1927) \"New Mexico March\" (1928) \"Salvation Army March\" (1930) (dedicated to the Salvation Army's 50th anniversary in the U.S.)Sousa wrote marches for several American universities, including the University of Minnesota, University of Illinois, University of Nebraska, Kansas State University, Marquette University, Pennsylvania Military College (Widener University), and the University of Michigan."
},
{
"section_header": "Career | Military service",
"text": "The Columbia Phonograph Company produced 60 recordings of the Marine Band conducted by Sousa which led to his national fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Among his best-known marches are \"The Stars and Stripes"
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Forever\" (National March of the United States of America), \"Semper Fidelis\" (official march of the United States Marine Corps), \"The Liberty Bell\", \"The Thunderer\", and \"The Washington Post\"."
}
] |
John Philip Sousa was a composer of military marches and wrote the National Anthem.
| 2 | 4 |
John Philip Sousa
|
Music
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Works | Other works",
"text": "Dvořák did not use actual folk tunes in his dances, but created his own themes in the authentic style of traditional folk music, using only rhythms of original folk dances."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Other works",
"text": "In 2018 new composition \"From The Future World\" was created using artificial intelligence to complement the works of Antonín Dvořák."
}
] |
uxZGTIovFn8gd7FSvtt0
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dvořák displayed his musical gifts at an early age, being an apt violin student from age six."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "At the age of 13, through the influence of his father, Dvořák was sent to Zlonice to live with his uncle Antonín Zdenĕk in order to learn the German language."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Other works",
"text": "Dvořák did not use actual folk tunes in his dances, but created his own themes in the authentic style of traditional folk music, using only rhythms of original folk dances."
},
{
"section_header": "Works | Other works",
"text": "In 2018 new composition \"From The Future World\" was created using artificial intelligence to complement the works of Antonín Dvořák."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dvořák's own style has been described as \"the fullest recreation of a national idiom with that of the symphonic tradition, absorbing folk influences and finding effective ways of using them\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "František was pleased with his son's gifts."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "In July 1863, Dvořák played in a program devoted to the German composer Richard Wagner, who conducted the orchestra."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Antonín Leopold Dvořák ( d(ə-)VOR-zha(h)k, Czech: [ˈantoɲiːn ˈlɛopold ˈdvor̝aːk] (listen); 8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904) was a Czech composer, one of the first to achieve worldwide recognition."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Early years",
"text": "It was through these piano lessons that he met his future wife."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography | Composer and organist",
"text": "When Dvořák turned age 33 in 1874, however, he remained almost unknown as a composer outside the area of Prague."
}
] |
Gifted at an early age Antonín Dvořák, was one of the first composers to use his dreams from the future with German folk tradition.
| 0 | 0 |
Antonín Dvořák
|
Geography
| 5 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520."
}
] |
uy7huzcOP2SsW6gU4hVR
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remained the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years, until Seville Cathedral was completed in 1520."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The focal point of the Eastern Orthodox Church for nearly one thousand years, the building witnessed the excommunication of Patriarch Michael"
},
{
"section_header": "Architecture",
"text": "Justinian himself had overseen the completion of the greatest cathedral ever built up to that time, and it was to remain the largest cathedral for 1,000 years up until the completion of the cathedral in Seville in Spain."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Built in AD 537, during the reign of Justinian, it was the world's largest building and an engineering marvel of its time."
},
{
"section_header": "Works modeled on the Hagia Sophia",
"text": "The interior of the Kronstadt Naval Cathedral is a nearly 1-to-1 copy of the Hagia Sophia."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Basilica of the Hagia Sophia (current structure)",
"text": "More than ten thousand people were employed."
},
{
"section_header": "History | Church of Constantius II",
"text": "It was claimed to be one of the world's most outstanding monuments at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Notable elements and decorations | The Emperor Door",
"text": "It is the largest door in the Hagia Sophia and has been dated to the 6th century."
},
{
"section_header": "Works modeled on the Hagia Sophia",
"text": "The Kronstadt Naval Cathedral and Poti Cathedral closely replicate the internal geometry of the Hagia Sophia."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "It remained a mosque until 1931 when it was closed to the public for four years."
}
] |
It was the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years.
| 2 | 5 |
Hagia Sophia
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I."
}
] |
uyafCKgOg1IlVb67PfNa
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Marie Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, of aplastic anaemia from exposure to radiation in the course of her scientific research and in the course of her radiological work at field hospitals during World War I."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "She died of tuberculosis in May 1878, when Maria was ten years old."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister Bronisława to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Early years",
"text": "Less than three years earlier, Maria's oldest sibling, Zofia, had died of typhus contracted from a boarder."
},
{
"section_header": "Life | Death",
"text": "A few months later, on 4 July 1934, she died at the Sancellemoz sanatorium in Passy, Haute-Savoie, from aplastic anaemia believed to have been contracted from her long-term exposure to radiation."
}
] |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie died in 1936 at the age of 65.
| 0 | 2 |
Maria Skłodowska-Curie
|
Technology
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1995: Consumer struggles",
"text": "In 1988, Samsung Electronics launched its first mobile phone in the South Korean market."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1995: Consumer struggles",
"text": "Sales were initially poor, and by the early 1990s, Motorola held a market share of over 60 percent in the country's mobile phone market compared to just 10 percent for Samsung."
}
] |
uydascPqG0jZrDuIMyHl
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile phones",
"text": "Although Samsung has made clamshell design cell phones, Samsung's flagship mobile handset line is the Samsung Galaxy S series of smartphones, which many consider a direct competitor of the Apple iPhone."
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Stores | Korea",
"text": "Samsung has various service stores throughout all of South Korea, which have showcases of various Samsung products available for purchase, and also have repair centers for those items."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile phones",
"text": "It was initially launched in Singapore, Malaysia and South Korea in June 2010, followed by the United States in July."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1995: Consumer struggles",
"text": "In 1988, Samsung Electronics launched its first mobile phone in the South Korean market."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "Samsung Electric Industries was established as an industrial part of Samsung Group in January 1969 in Suwon, South Korea."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile phones",
"text": "While many other handset manufacturers focused on one or two operating systems, Samsung for a time used several of them: Symbian, Windows Phone, Linux-based LiMo, and Samsung's proprietary Touch Wiz and Bada."
},
{
"section_header": "Samsung Stores | Canada | Toronto",
"text": "On the first floor there are phones, tablets, smartwatches, other electronics and accessories on display."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile phones",
"text": "That year Samsung released at least 43 Android phones or tablets and two Windows Phones."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1969–1987: Early years",
"text": "In 1974, Samsung Group expanded into the semiconductor business by acquiring Korea Semiconductor, who was on the verge of bankruptcy whilst building one of the first chip-making facilities in the country at the time."
},
{
"section_header": "Products | Mobile phones",
"text": "It sold more than one million units within the first 45 days on sale in the United States."
},
{
"section_header": "History | 1988–1995: Consumer struggles",
"text": "Sales were initially poor, and by the early 1990s, Motorola held a market share of over 60 percent in the country's mobile phone market compared to just 10 percent for Samsung."
}
] |
Samsung's first cell phone was a hit in South Korea.
| 0 | 0 |
Samsung Electronics
|
Popular Culture
| 1 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has a younger brother, Clive, and an older (now deceased) half-sister, June, from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation."
}
] |
uyfmVkRtbZEfbBlFCSZ9
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Her parents separated when Julie was a child."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "According to Life magazine, 1965 was \"The Year of Julie Christie\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Christie appeared in two comedies for Independent Artists: Crooks Anonymous and The Fast Lady (both 1962)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Julie Frances Christie (born 14 April 1940) is a British actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In July 2006 she was a member of the jury at the 28th Moscow International Film Festival."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "In 1967, Time magazine said of her: \"What Julie Christie wears has more real impact on fashion than all the clothes of the ten best-dressed women"
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "In January 2008, several news outlets reported that the couple had quietly married in India two months earlier, in November 2007, which Christie called \"nonsense\", adding, \"I have been married for a few years."
},
{
"section_header": "Career",
"text": "Around the same time, she also appeared in two other high-profile films: Wolfgang Petersen's Troy and Marc Forster's Finding Neverland (both 2004), playing mother to Brad Pitt and Kate Winslet, respectively."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "She has a younger brother, Clive, and an older (now deceased) half-sister, June, from her father's relationship with an Indian woman, who worked as a tea picker on his plantation."
}
] |
Julie had two siblings.
| 0 | 2 |
Julie Christie
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan was born in Refugio, Texas, a small town located just south of Victoria in the southern part of the state."
}
] |
uzBZPK5RflhfrZij5TBW
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Personal life",
"text": "Nolan Ryan resides in the Cimarron Hills community in Georgetown, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan's family lived in nearby Woodsboro, Texas in Refugio County, until they moved to Alvin, Texas in Brazoria County, when Nolan was six weeks old."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Ryan was born in Refugio, Texas, a small town located just south of Victoria in the southern part of the state."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr. (born January 31, 1947), nicknamed The Ryan Express, is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, previous chief executive officer (CEO) of the Texas Rangers, and previous executive advisor to the Houston Astros."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Nolan Ryan Foundation is a Texas nonprofit that supports youth, education and community development and is headquartered in Round Rock, Texas."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "On August 6, 1992, Ryan had the only ejection of his career when he was ejected after engaging in a shouting match with Oakland Athletics outfielder Willie Wilson with two outs in the ninth inning."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Texas Rangers (1989–1993)",
"text": "In five seasons with the Rangers, Ryan had a 51–39 record, a 3.43 ERA, 1.12 WHIP, with 353 walks and 939 strikeouts in 840 innings over 129 starts."
},
{
"section_header": "Later activity",
"text": "That game went 14 innings, equaling the longest in innings in World Series history (at 5:41, it was the longest in time)."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The California Angels (now the Los Angeles Angels) retired the number 30 on June 16, 1992; the Texas Rangers retired his number 34 on September 15, 1996; and the Houston Astros retired number 34 on September 29, 1996."
},
{
"section_header": "Professional playing career | Houston Astros (1980–1988)",
"text": "Ryan got a no-decision as his Astros lost in 12 innings."
}
] |
Nolan was born in Refuge, Texas, and now lives in Georgetown, Texas.
| 2 | 3 |
Nolan Ryan
|
Sports
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Roy Campanella in Philadelphia to parents Ida, who was African American, and John Campanella, son of Italian immigrants."
}
] |
uzBinQNcJoDaX5YfY7Ss
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "Roy was one of four children born to the couple."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Negro leagues",
"text": "Of mixed-race, Campanella was considered on the wrong side of the baseball color line and prohibited from MLB play."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The book is entitled Campy – The Two Lives of Roy Campanella."
},
{
"section_header": "Playing career | Mexican League",
"text": "Lázaro Salazar, the team's manager, told Campanella that one day he would play at the major league level."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "In September 2006, the Los Angeles Dodgers announced the creation of the Roy Campanella Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life and education",
"text": "He was born Roy Campanella in Philadelphia to parents Ida, who was African American, and John Campanella, son of Italian immigrants."
},
{
"section_header": "Marriages and family",
"text": "They also had three children together (including a son, Roy Campanella II, who became a television director)."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "He is widely considered to be one of the greatest catchers in the history of the game."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "SpiritClips.com, a sub-division of Hallmark Channel, released \"Roy Campanella Night\", a 2013 short film documenting the period of paralysis and convalescence that preceded Roy Campanella receiving a public tribute on May 7, 1959 at Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum."
},
{
"section_header": "Post-playing career",
"text": "On May 7, 1959, the Dodgers, then playing their second season in Los Angeles, honored Campanella with Roy Campanella Night at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum."
}
] |
Roy Campanella had roots from Italy on his father's side.
| 1 | 5 |
Roy Campanella
|
History
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
}
] |
uzUal1SEd9aXYZcC9fr0
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second Sino-Japanese War",
"text": "acquainted Chiang Kaishek with the Xidaotang jiaozhu Ma Mingren in 1941 in Chongqing."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to China",
"text": "Chen valued Chiang despite Chiang's already legendary temper, regarding such bellicosity as useful in a military leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Return to China",
"text": "Chiang then succeeded Chen as leader of the Chinese Revolutionary Party in Shanghai."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also known as Chiang Chung-cheng and romanized via Mandarin as Chiang Chieh-shih and Jiang Jieshi, was a Chinese nationalist politician, revolutionary and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949"
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Conditions during the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "Although Chiang had achieved status abroad as a world leader, his government deteriorated as the result of corruption and inflation."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule | Second phase of the Chinese Civil War | Conditions during the Chinese Civil War",
"text": "Following the war, the United States encouraged peace talks between Chiang and Communist leader Mao Zedong in Chongqing."
},
{
"section_header": "Rule",
"text": "The Communists, tipped off that a Nationalist offensive was imminent, retreated in the Long March, during which Mao Zedong rose from a mere military official to the most influential leader of the Communist Party of China."
},
{
"section_header": "Establishing the Kuomintang's position",
"text": "Chiang wrote in his diary, \"It is not worth it to sacrifice the interest of the country for the sake of my son.\" Chiang even refused to negotiate a prisoner swap for his son in exchange for the Chinese Communist Party leader."
},
{
"section_header": "Religion and relationships with religious communities | Relationship with Muslims",
"text": "The Yuehua, a Chinese Muslim publication, quoted the Quran and Hadith to justify submitting to Chiang Kai-shek as the leader of China, and as justification for Jihad in the war against Japan."
},
{
"section_header": "Education in Japan",
"text": "Chiang decided to pursue a military career."
}
] |
Chiang Kai-shek was a Chinese military leader.
| 0 | 0 |
Chiang Kai-shek
|
Popular Culture
| 0 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was married eight times to seven men, converted to Judaism, endured several serious illnesses, and led a jet set lifestyle, including assembling one of the most expensive private collections of jewelry in the world."
}
] |
v00avbH6eWqPWDxbAInb
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor (February 27, 1932 – March 23, 2011) was an English-American actress, businesswoman, and humanitarian."
},
{
"section_header": "Early life",
"text": "Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor was born on February 27, 1932, at Heathwood, her family's home on 8 Wildwood Road in Hampstead Garden Suburb, London."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "As Fisher was still married to actress Debbie Reynolds, the affair resulted in a public scandal, with Taylor being branded a \"homewrecker\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Personal life | Marriages, relationships, and children",
"text": "They were married at the Neverland Ranch of her long-time friend Michael Jackson on October 6, 1991."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Critical acclaim (1956–1960)",
"text": "Although the film failed to become the type of success MGM had planned, Taylor was nominated for the first time for an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career decline (1968–1979)",
"text": "Although it was overall not successful, Taylor received some good reviews, with Vincent Canby of The New York Times writing that she has \"a certain vulgar, ratty charm\", and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times saying, \"The spectacle of Elizabeth Taylor growing older and more beautiful continues to amaze the population\"."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Career decline (1968–1979)",
"text": "Zee and Co., which portrayed Michael Caine and her as a troubled married couple, won her the David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actress."
},
{
"section_header": "Other ventures | HIV/AIDS activism",
"text": "She was made a Knight of the French Legion of Honour in 1987, and received the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, the Screen Actors' Guild Lifetime Achievement Award for Humanitarian service in 1997, the GLAAD Vanguard Award in 2000, and the Presidential Citizens Medal in 2001."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Stage and television roles; retirement (1980–2007)",
"text": "Zev Buffman founded the Elizabeth Taylor Repertory Company."
},
{
"section_header": "Acting career | Stage and television roles; retirement (1980–2007)",
"text": "Frank Rich of The New York Times wrote that Taylor's performance as \"Regina Giddens, that malignant Southern bitch-goddess ... begins gingerly, soon gathers steam, and then explodes into a black and thunderous storm that may just knock you out of your seat\", while Dan Sullivan of the Los Angeles Times stated, \"Taylor presents a possible Regina Giddens, as seen through the persona of Elizabeth Taylor."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "She was married eight times to seven men, converted to Judaism, endured several serious illnesses, and led a jet set lifestyle, including assembling one of the most expensive private collections of jewelry in the world."
}
] |
English-American actress and humanitarian Elizabeth Taylor was married 8 times.
| 0 | 0 |
Elizabeth Taylor
|
Science
| 2 |
[
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Goldwasser's research areas include computational complexity theory, cryptography and computational number theory."
}
] |
v0XoOx51dGRyM5rhS7oW
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "Shafrira \"Shafi\" Goldwasser (Hebrew: שפרירה גולדווסר) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and winner of the Turing Award in 2012."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Goldwasser was a co-recipient of the 2012 Turing Award."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser is featured in the Notable Women in Computing cards."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "On 26 June 2019 Goldwasser was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Science by the University of Oxford."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser was awarded the 2012 Turing Award along with Silvio Micali for their work in the field of cryptography."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "On January 1, 2018, Goldwasser became the director of the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing at the University of California, Berkeley."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser received the 2008-2009 Athena Lecturer Award of the Association for Computing Machinery's Committee on Women in Computing."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Since November 2016, Goldwasser is Chief Scientist and Co-Founder of Duality Technologies, an Israeli-American start-up which offers secure data analytics using advanced cryptographic techniques."
},
{
"section_header": "Awards",
"text": "Goldwasser has twice won the Gödel Prize in theoretical computer science: first in 1993 (for \"The knowledge complexity of interactive proof systems\"), and again in 2001 (for \"Interactive Proofs and the Hardness of Approximating Cliques\")."
},
{
"section_header": "Biography",
"text": "Born in 1958 in New York City, Goldwasser obtained her B.S. (1979) in mathematics and science from Carnegie Mellon University, and M.S. (1981) and PhD (1984) in computer science from the University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of Manuel Blum, who is well known for advising some of the most prominent researchers in the field."
},
{
"section_header": "Scientific career",
"text": "Goldwasser's research areas include computational complexity theory, cryptography and computational number theory."
}
] |
Shafi Goldwasser has studied codebreaking.
| 1 | 2 |
Shafi Goldwasser
|
Literature
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier."
}
] |
v0c867QFVNDCpGa5gJkK
|
REFUTES
|
[
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "The play opens with Argan, a severe hypochondriac, going through the bill from his apothecary (the pharmacist) item by item."
},
{
"section_header": "Summary",
"text": "The Imaginary Invalid or The Hypochondriac (French title Le malade imaginaire, [lə malad imaʒinɛːʁ]) is a three-act comédie-ballet by the French playwright Molière with dance sequences and musical interludes by Marc-Antoine Charpentier."
},
{
"section_header": "Stage productions",
"text": "The American Conservatory Theater (San Francisco) produced \"The Imaginary Invalid\", an 'adaptation' by Constance Congdon, directed by Ron Lagomarsino, in 2007."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Argan, a severe hypochondriac."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Béline, second wife of Argan."
},
{
"section_header": "Synopsis | Act 1",
"text": "He pays out only about half of what is on the bill."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Béralde, brother of Argan. Cléante, lover of Angélique."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Kind, but not very bright. Mr. Purgon, physician to Argan, who exploits his hypochondria."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Mr. de Bonnefoi, a notary. Toinette, witty maid-servant of Argan."
},
{
"section_header": "Characters",
"text": "Angélique, daughter of Argan, in love with Cléante. Louison, Argan's young daughter, sister of Angélique."
}
] |
The Imaginary Invalid is a ballet by Mikhail Baryshnikov and opens with the character named Argan going through the bill from his pharmacist.
| 1 | 4 |
The Imaginary Invalid
|
Sports
| 3 |
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He never had a middle name and never signed his name with an \"A\" initial."
}
] |
v1DmQgM6ttHl1qMhD7Pq
|
SUPPORTS
|
[
{
"section_header": "Early years",
"text": "He never had a middle name and never signed his name with an \"A\" initial."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "They ended up in a free-for-all in the middle of the gym floor."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Also following each \"goal\", a jump ball was taken in the middle of the court."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "In Lawrence, James Naismith has a road named in his honor, Naismith Drive, which runs in front of Allen Fieldhouse and James Naismith Court therein are named in his honor, despite Naismith having the worst record in school history."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The FIBA Basketball World Cup trophy is named the \"James Naismith Trophy\" in his honor."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, is named in his honor, and he was an inaugural inductee in 1959."
},
{
"section_header": "Springfield college: invention of basketball",
"text": "Finally, Naismith further reduced body contact by making the goal unguardable, namely placing it high above the player's heads."
},
{
"section_header": "University of Kansas",
"text": "During the Olympics, he was named the honorary president of the International Basketball Federation."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "The University of Kansas constructed an $18 million building named the Debruce Center, which houses the rules and opened in March 2016.In July 2019, Naismith was inducted into the Canada Walk of Fame."
},
{
"section_header": "Legacy",
"text": "ESPN and the Associated Press both conducted polls to name the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century."
}
] |
Naismith never had a middle name.
| 1 | 3 |
James Naismith
|
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