option
list | question
stringlengths 11
354
| article
stringlengths 231
6.74k
| id
stringlengths 5
8
| label
int64 0
3
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
[
"they can design future buildings themselves",
"they have new ideas and rich imagination",
"they are given enough time to design models",
"they need not worry about making mistakes"
]
| The children feel free in the program because _ . | "My kids really understand solar and earth-heat energy," says a second-grade teacher in Saugus, California. "Some of them are building solar collectors for their energy course. " These young scientists are part of City Building Educational Program (CBEP), a particular program for kindergarten through twelfth grade that uses the stages of city planning to teach basic reading, writing and math skills, and more.
The children don't just plan any city. They map and analyze the housing, energy, and transportation requirements of their own district and foretell its needs in 100 years. With the aid of an architect ( ) who visits the classroom once a week, they invent new ways to meet these needs and build models of their creations. " Designing buildings of the future gives children a lot of freedom," says the teacher who developed this program. "They are able to use their own rich imagination and inventions without fear of blame, because there are no wrong answers in a future context. In fact, as the class enters the final model-building stage of the program, an elected ‘ official' and ‘ planning group' make all the design decisions for the model city, and the teacher steps back and becomes an adviser. "
CBEP is a set of activities, games and imitations that teach the basic steps necessary for problem-solving: observing, analyzing, working out possible answers, and judging them based on the children's own standards. | 3250.txt | 3 |
[
"their earlier experience of feeling lonely",
"the unfavorable living conditions in their native countries",
"the common worry about their income",
"the geographical distance between parents and children"
]
| According to the passage, the loneliness of aged parents is mainly caused by _ . | While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenonis commonly known as "Empty Nest Syndrome".
In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing responsein time for their aged parents living by themselves.
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as "distant parent phenomenon", which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for "Empty Nest Syndrome". | 3218.txt | 3 |
[
"live in the countries with more money",
"seek a better place for their aged parents",
"continue their studies abroad",
"realize their dreams in foreign countries"
]
| Many young people have gone abroad, leaving their aged parents behind, to _ . | While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenonis commonly known as "Empty Nest Syndrome".
In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing responsein time for their aged parents living by themselves.
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as "distant parent phenomenon", which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for "Empty Nest Syndrome". | 3218.txt | 3 |
[
"they do not hold to the value of duty at all",
"they can give some help to their parents back home",
"they cannot do what they should for their parents",
"they believe what they actually do is right"
]
| If young people go abroad, _ . | While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenonis commonly known as "Empty Nest Syndrome".
In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing responsein time for their aged parents living by themselves.
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as "distant parent phenomenon", which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for "Empty Nest Syndrome". | 3218.txt | 2 |
[
"the situations in the developed and developing countries are different",
"\"Empty Nest Syndrome\" has arrived unexpectedly in our society",
"children will become independent as soon as they go abroad",
"the aged parents are not fully prepared for \"Empty Nest Syndrome\""
]
| From the last paragraph, we can infer that _ . | While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenonis commonly known as "Empty Nest Syndrome".
In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact that most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty as they would have if they had not left their countries. Whatever the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match what they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing responsein time for their aged parents living by themselves.
The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents has been described as "distant parent phenomenon", which is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for "Empty Nest Syndrome". | 3218.txt | 1 |
[
"Food riots and hunger in the world．",
"News headlines in the leading media．",
"The decline of the grain yield growth．",
"The food supply in populous countries．"
]
| What does the author try to draw attention to? | Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comesfrom agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these mattersis rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's majorcrops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks atwhere．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most importantcrops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of allharvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down inthe l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has beenparticularly sharp in the world's most populouscountries，India and China．Theirability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within thecountries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down orreverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll andsoyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important asfoods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are moreimportant as feed grains．The authors note that"we have preferentially focused our cropimprovement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people andare the basis of food security in much of the world．"
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests thatthe world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks toslowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revertto forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumescontinued improvements in yields which may not actually happen | 2196.txt | 2 |
[
"Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets．",
"Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years．",
"Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns．",
"1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted．"
]
| Why does the author mention India and China in particular? | Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comesfrom agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these mattersis rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's majorcrops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks atwhere．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most importantcrops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of allharvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down inthe l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has beenparticularly sharp in the world's most populouscountries，India and China．Theirability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within thecountries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down orreverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll andsoyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important asfoods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are moreimportant as feed grains．The authors note that"we have preferentially focused our cropimprovement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people andare the basis of food security in much of the world．"
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests thatthe world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks toslowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revertto forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumescontinued improvements in yields which may not actually happen | 2196.txt | 0 |
[
"They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s．",
"They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production．",
"They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world．",
"They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains．"
]
| What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvementefforts? | Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comesfrom agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these mattersis rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's majorcrops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks atwhere．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most importantcrops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of allharvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down inthe l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has beenparticularly sharp in the world's most populouscountries，India and China．Theirability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within thecountries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down orreverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll andsoyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important asfoods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are moreimportant as feed grains．The authors note that"we have preferentially focused our cropimprovement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people andare the basis of food security in much of the world．"
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests thatthe world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks toslowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revertto forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumescontinued improvements in yields which may not actually happen | 2196.txt | 3 |
[
"The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies．",
"The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution．",
"The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be\"reversed．",
"The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland．"
]
| What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in thecoming decades? | Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comesfrom agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these mattersis rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's majorcrops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks atwhere．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most importantcrops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of allharvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down inthe l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has beenparticularly sharp in the world's most populouscountries，India and China．Theirability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within thecountries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down orreverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll andsoyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important asfoods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are moreimportant as feed grains．The authors note that"we have preferentially focused our cropimprovement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people andare the basis of food security in much of the world．"
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests thatthe world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks toslowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revertto forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumescontinued improvements in yields which may not actually happen | 2196.txt | 3 |
[
"It is built on the findings of a new study．",
"It is based on a doubtful assumption．",
"It is backed by strong evidence．",
"It is open to further discussion．"
]
| How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation? | Some of the world's most significant problems never hit headlines．One example comesfrom agriculture．Food riots and hunger make news．But the trend lying behind these mattersis rarely talked about．This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's majorcrops．A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks atwhere．and how far．this decline is occurring．
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most importantcrops：rice，wheat，corn and soyabeans．They find that on between 24％ and 39％ of allharvested areas，the improvement in yields that took place before the l980s slowed down inthe l990s and 2000s．There are two worrying features of the slowdown．One is that it has beenparticularly sharp in the world's most populouscountries，India and China．Theirability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within thecountries and on world food markets．
That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slow down orreverse．Second，yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in coll andsoyabeans．This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important asfoods，accounting for around half of all calories consumed．Corn and soyabeans are moreimportant as feed grains．The authors note that"we have preferentially focused our cropimprovement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people andare the basis of food security in much of the world．"
The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests thatthe world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050，as the Food and Agriculture Organisation has argued． Instead，it says，thanks toslowing population growth，land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revertto forest or wilderness．This could happen．The trouble is that the forecast assumescontinued improvements in yields which may not actually happen | 2196.txt | 1 |
[
"There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.",
"Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.",
"In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.",
"An animal will be useless unless domesticated."
]
| What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph? | Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. | 794.txt | 1 |
[
"refuse to obey its master",
"immediately fall ill",
"require its master to offer some food",
"seek for food on its own"
]
| When an animal is underfed, it will probably _ . | Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. | 794.txt | 0 |
[
"They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.",
"They have great adaptation for the environment.",
"There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.",
"The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world."
]
| Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage? | Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. | 794.txt | 3 |
[
"not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it",
"to pay attention to its proper feeding",
"not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise",
"to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations"
]
| To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised _ . | Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. | 794.txt | 1 |
[
"Domesticated Animals - Man's Best Friend",
"Proper Diet - the Road to Health",
"The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals",
"Some Tips on Pet-keeping"
]
| Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage? | Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.
Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.
All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.
Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health. | 794.txt | 0 |
[
"explaining how the brain receives images",
"synthesizing hypotheses of visual recognition",
"examining the evidence supporting the serial-recognition hypothesis",
"discussing visual recognition and some hypotheses proposed to explain it"
]
| The author is primarily concerned with | Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain's memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object's features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. | 2017.txt | 3 |
[
"not a neural activity",
"not possible when an object is viewed for the very first time",
"not possible if a feature of a familiar object is changed in some way",
"only possible when a retinal image is received in the brain as a unitary whole"
]
| It can be inferred from the passage that the matching process in visual recognition is | Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain's memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object's features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. | 2017.txt | 1 |
[
"a biased exposition",
"a speculative study",
"a dispassionate presentation",
"an indignant denial"
]
| It terms of its tone and form, the passage can best be characterized as | Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving memories. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain's memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal representation and thereby recognized. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a parallel, one-step process or a serial, step-by-step one. Psychologists of the Gestalt school maintain that objects are recognized as wholes in a parallel procedure: the internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation. Other psychologists have proposed that internal representation features are matched serially with an object's features. Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. | 2017.txt | 2 |
[
"From ancient times.",
"At the end of the nineteenth century.",
"Not until this century.",
"Only very recently."
]
| According to the passage, when did sunlight begin to play a more important part in the treatment of disease? | Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people knew about the healing powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important： the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red and ultra-violet rays; but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "sun-cure". There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places. | 2722.txt | 1 |
[
"Because they both made use of sunlight to treat illness.",
"Because they were the first people who used sunlight for treatment.",
"Because they were both famous European doctors.",
"Because they used sunlight in very different ways."
]
| Why are a Danish doctor and a Swiss doctor mentioned in the second and third paragraphs? | Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people knew about the healing powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important： the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red and ultra-violet rays; but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "sun-cure". There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places. | 2722.txt | 0 |
[
"most children could stay in his hospital",
"children could study while being treated",
"the school was expected to be full of pupils",
"the school was high up in the mountains"
]
| Dr Roller set up a "sun-cure" school probably for the reason that _ . | Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people knew about the healing powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important： the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red and ultra-violet rays; but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "sun-cure". There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places. | 2722.txt | 1 |
[
"\"Sun-cure\" schools are becoming popular everywhere.",
"Switzerland is the only country where \"sun-cure\" schools are popular.",
"Proper conditions are necessary for the running of a \"sun-cure\" school.",
"\"Sun-cure\" schools are found in countries where there is a lot of sunshine."
]
| What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? | Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health. In ancient Greece people knew about the healing powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people. A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important： the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red and ultra-violet rays; but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his "sun-cure". There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full. In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began. Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm. Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places. | 2722.txt | 2 |
[
"examinations exert a pernicious influence on education.",
"examinations are ineffective.",
"examinations are profitable for institutions.",
"examinations are a burden on students."
]
| The main idea of this passage is _ . | We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died.Little things like that don't count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs'：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.' | 273.txt | 0 |
[
"detest.",
"approval.",
"critical.",
"indifferent."
]
| The author's attitude toward examinations is _ . | We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died.Little things like that don't count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs'：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.' | 273.txt | 2 |
[
"education.",
"institutions.",
"examinations.",
"students themselves."
]
| The fate of students is decided by _ . | We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died.Little things like that don't count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs'：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.' | 273.txt | 2 |
[
"to encourage students to read widely.",
"to train students to think on their own.",
"to teach students how to tackle exams.",
"to master his fate."
]
| According to the author, the most important of a good education is _ . | We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died.Little things like that don't count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs'：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.' | 273.txt | 1 |
[
"Give an example.",
"For comparison.",
"It shows that teachers' evolutions depend on the results of examinations.",
"It shows the results of court is more effectise."
]
| Why does the author mention court? | We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were.It really is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to device anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.For all the pious claim that examinations text what you know, it is common knowledge that they more often do the exact opposite.They may be a good means of testing memory, or the knack of working rapidly under extreme pressure, but they can tell you nothing about a person's true ability and aptitude.
As anxiety-makers, examinations are second to none.That is because so much depends on them.They are the mark of success of failure in our society.Your whole future may be decided in one fateful day.It doesn't matter that you weren't feeling very well, or that your mother died.Little things like that don't count：the exam goes on.No one can give of his best when he is in mortal terror, or after a sleepless night, yet this is precisely what the examination system expects him to do.The moment a child begins school, he enters a world of vicious competition where success and failure are clearly defined and measured.Can we wonder at the increasing number of ‘drop-outs'：young people who are written off as utter failures before they have even embarked on a career? Can we be surprised at the suicide rate among students?
A good education should, among other things, train you to think for yourself.The examination system does anything but that.What has to be learnt is rigidly laid down by a syllabus, so the student is encouraged to memorize.Examinations do not motivate a student to read widely, but to restrict his reading; they do not enable him to seek more and more knowledge, but induce cramming.They lower the standards of teaching, for they deprive the teacher of all freedoms.Teachers themselves are often judged by examination results and instead of teaching their subjects, they are reduced to training their students in exam techniques which they despise.The most successful candidates are not always the best educated; they are the best trained in the technique of working under duress.
The results on which so much depends are often nothing more than a subjective assessment by some anonymous examiner.Examiners are only human.They get tired and hungry; they make mistakes.Yet they have to mark stacks of hastily scrawled scripts in a limited amount of time.They work under the same sort of pressure as the candidates.And their word carries weight.After a judge's decision you have the right of appeal, but not after an examiner's.There must surely be many simpler and more effective ways of assessing a person's true abilities.Is it cynical to suggest that examinations are merely a profitable business for the institutions that run them? This is what it boils down to in the last analysis.The best comment on the system is this illiterate message recently scrawled on a wall：‘I were a teenage drop-out and now I are a teenage millionaire.' | 273.txt | 1 |
[
"To build massive complexes for public amusement.",
"To prevent possible damages to the National Park.",
"To help protect and improve the Park for all to enjoy.",
"To sponsor publications and projects in local schools."
]
| Which of the following is discouraged by the Friends organization? | Attractions
Do you：
◆Love the National Park, value it and hope to safeguard its future?
◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?
◆Like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the Park?
Aims
The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy. We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.
Activities
We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides.
We keep an eye on planning applications， Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes. We work with like??minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective., We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,
Benefits,◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.,◆All members receive our regular News and Views.,◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.,◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale.,◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties， for those willing and able to be involved.,If interested， please complete the Application Form at www. fpnp.org. uk. | 3099.txt | 0 |
[
"have Friends' goods free of charge",
"visit any place not open to the public",
"take part in work parties if they want to",
"give talks in their fields on current issues"
]
| One of the benefits for members of Friends is to _ . | Attractions
Do you：
◆Love the National Park, value it and hope to safeguard its future?
◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?
◆Like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the Park?
Aims
The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy. We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.
Activities
We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides.
We keep an eye on planning applications， Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes. We work with like??minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective., We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,
Benefits,◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.,◆All members receive our regular News and Views.,◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.,◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale.,◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties， for those willing and able to be involved.,If interested， please complete the Application Form at www. fpnp.org. uk. | 3099.txt | 2 |
[
"raise money for the Friends organization",
"join the Friends organization and be members of it",
"work as managers for Pembrokeshire National Park",
"enjoy the landscape of Pembrokeshire National Park"
]
| The purpose of this poster is to invite more people to _ . | Attractions
Do you：
◆Love the National Park, value it and hope to safeguard its future?
◆Wish to see the beautiful landscape of the Park protected?
◆Like to enjoy peaceful, informal recreation within the Park?
Aims
The Friends organization aims are to help protect and improve the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park for all to enjoy. We are a voluntary organization and registered charity without financial links to the National Park Authority.
Activities
We encourage everyone to enjoy the National Park through regular talks and visits to interesting places in the Park with expert guides.
We keep an eye on planning applications， Park Authority policies and threats to the National Park such as massive leisure complexes. We work with like??minded organizations such as the Campaign for National Parks to make our voice more effective., We help children to understand the National Park by sponsoring publications such as an adventure booklet and projects in local schools.,
Benefits,◆Guided visits to places of interest which may not always be available to the general public.,◆All members receive our regular News and Views.,◆Talks by experts in their fields on current issues.,◆A discount is available on Friends items for sale.,◆Satisfaction of participation in work parties， for those willing and able to be involved.,If interested， please complete the Application Form at www. fpnp.org. uk. | 3099.txt | 1 |
[
"condemning.",
"reaffirming.",
"dishonoring.",
"securing."
]
| The phrase "reneging on"(Line 3, Para.1) is closest in meaning to | A deal is a deal-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It's a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont's only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. ③In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn't foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management - especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. ④But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. ②But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company's application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. | 1665.txt | 2 |
[
"obtain protection from Vermont regulators.",
"seek favor from the federal legislature.",
"acquire an extension of its business license .",
"get permission to purchase a power plant."
]
| By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to | A deal is a deal-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It's a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont's only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. ③In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn't foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management - especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. ④But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. ②But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company's application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. | 1665.txt | 3 |
[
"managerial practices.",
"technical innovativeness.",
"financial goals.",
"business vision"
]
| According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its | A deal is a deal-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It's a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont's only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. ③In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn't foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management - especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. ④But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. ②But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company's application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. | 1665.txt | 0 |
[
"Entergy's capacity to fulfill all its promises.",
"the mature of states' patchwork regulations.",
"the federal authority over nuclear issues .",
"the limits of states' power over nuclear issues."
]
| In the author's view, the Vermont case will test | A deal is a deal-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It's a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont's only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. ③In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn't foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management - especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. ④But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. ②But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company's application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. | 1665.txt | 3 |
[
"Entergy's business elsewhere might be affected.",
"the authority of the NRC will be defied.",
"Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.",
"Vermont's reputation might be damaged."
]
| It can be inferred from the last paragraph that | A deal is a deal-except, apparently, when Entergy is involved. ②The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state's strict nuclear regulations.
Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not: challenge the constitutionality of Vermont's rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant running. It's a stunning move.
The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont's only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. ③In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant's license be subject to Vermont legislature's approval. Then, too, the company went along.
Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn't foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 2007 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both Vermont Yankee's safety and Entergy's management - especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy's behavior, the Vermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.
Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do have some regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say the Vermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. ④But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.
The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in Vermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. ②But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a public trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) reviews the company's application, it should keep in mind what promises from Entergy are worth. | 1665.txt | 0 |
[
"She was caught in a storm.",
"The altimeter went out of order.",
"Her engine went wrong.",
"She lost her direction."
]
| Which of the following statements is NOT the difficulty which Amelia Earhart met in her flight from north America to England? | The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter failed and she didn't know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.
Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.
In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.
What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.
In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation and that air travel was useful. | 2011.txt | 3 |
[
"She did nothing but pray for herself.",
"She changed her direction and landed in Ireland.",
"She continued flying.",
"She lost hope of reaching land."
]
| When Amelia Earhart saw flames coming from the engine, what did she do? | The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter failed and she didn't know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.
Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.
In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.
What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.
In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation and that air travel was useful. | 2011.txt | 2 |
[
"To set a new record for flying time.",
"To be the first woman to fly around the world.",
"To show that aviation was not just for men.",
"To become famous in the world."
]
| According to the passage, what was Amelia Earhart's reason for making her flights? | The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter failed and she didn't know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.
Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.
In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.
What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.
In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation and that air travel was useful. | 2011.txt | 2 |
[
"She was the first woman who succeeded in flying across the Atlantic Ocean alone.",
"She showed great courage in overcoming the difficulties during the flight.",
"She was warmly welcomed in England, Europe and the United States.",
"She made plans to fly around the world."
]
| Which of the following statements was NOT mentioned? | The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter failed and she didn't know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.
Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.
In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.
What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.
In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation and that air travel was useful. | 2011.txt | 3 |
[
"Amelia Earhart-First Across the Atlantic.",
"Amelia Earhart-Pioneer in Women's Aviation.",
"A New Record for Flying Time.",
"A Dangerous Flight from North America to England."
]
| Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? | The year was 1932. Amelia Earhart was flying alone from North America to England in a small single-engined aeroplane. At midnight, several hours after she had left Newfoundland, she ran into bad weather. To make things worse, her altimeter failed and she didn't know how high she was flying. At night, and in a storm, a pilot is in great difficulty without an altimeter. At times, her plane nearly plunged into the sea.
Just before dawn, there was further trouble. Amelia noticed flames coming from the engine. Would she be able to reach land? There was nothing to do except to keep going and to hope.
In the end, Amelia Earhart did reach Ireland, and for the courage she had shown, she was warmly welcomed in England and Europe. When she returned to the United States, she was honored by President Hoover at a special dinner in the White House. From that time on, Amelia Earhart was famous.
What was so important about her flight? Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly the Atlantic Ocean alone, and she had set a record of fourteen hours and fifty-six minutes.
In the years that followed, Amelia Earhart made several flights across the United States, and on each occasion she set a new record for flying time. Amelia Earhart made these flights to show that women had a place in aviation and that air travel was useful. | 2011.txt | 1 |
[
"Six Stages for Repairing Sam's Bicycle",
"Possible Ways to Problem-solving",
"Necessities of Problem Analysis",
"Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem"
]
| What is the best title for this passage? | People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(¿ÚÏãÌÇ)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem. | 1161.txt | 1 |
[
"recognize and define the problem",
"look for information to make the problem clearer",
"have suggestions for a possible solution",
"find a solution by trial or mistake"
]
| In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except. | People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(¿ÚÏãÌÇ)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem. | 1161.txt | 3 |
[
"illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle",
"discuss the problems of his bicycle",
"tell us how to solve a problem",
"show us how to analyses a problem"
]
| By referring to Sam's broken bicycle, the author intends to. | People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(¿ÚÏãÌÇ)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem. | 1161.txt | 2 |
[
"People do not analyze the problem they meet.",
"People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.",
"People may learn from their past experience",
"People can not solve some problems they meet."
]
| Which of the following is NOT true? | People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(¿ÚÏãÌÇ)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem. | 1161.txt | 0 |
[
"in the long run",
"in detail",
"in a word",
"in the end"
]
| As used in the last sentence, the phrase in short means. | People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(¿ÚÏãÌÇ)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem. | 1161.txt | 2 |
[
"They were once combine in a larger body.",
"Some of them burned up before entering the atmosphere of Jupiter.",
"Some of them are still orbiting Jupiter.",
"They have an unusual orbit."
]
| The passage mentions which of the following with respect to the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9? | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 0 |
[
"respectively",
"popularly",
"also",
"together"
]
| The word "collectively" in line 3 is closest in meaning to | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 3 |
[
"a dismembered body",
"a train",
"a pearl necklace",
"a giant planet"
]
| The author compares the fragments of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 to all of the following EXCEPT | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 3 |
[
"had been unaware of its existence",
"had been tracking it for only a few months",
"had observed its breakup into twenty-odd fragments",
"had decided it would not collide with the planet"
]
| Before comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 hit Jupiter in July 1994, scientists | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 1 |
[
"invisible",
"black",
"frozen",
"exploding"
]
| Before the comet fragments entered the atmosphere of Jupiter, they were most likely | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 2 |
[
"hit the surface of Jupiter",
"were pulled into Jupiter's orbit",
"were ejected back through the tunnel",
"entered the atmosphere of Jupiter"
]
| Superheated fireballs were produced as soon as the fragments of comet Shoemaker- Levy 9 | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 3 |
[
"burned up",
"broke into smaller pieces",
"increased its speed",
"grew in size"
]
| The phrase "incinerated itself" in line 9 is closest in meaning to | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 0 |
[
"fireballs",
"ice masses",
"black marks",
"tunnels"
]
| Which of the following is mentioned as evidence of the explosions that is still visible on Jupiter? | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 2 |
[
"its importance as an event of great scientific significance",
"its effect on public awareness of the possibility of damage to Earth",
"the changes it made to the surface of Jupiter",
"the effect it had on television broadcasting"
]
| Paragraph 2 discusses the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 primarily in terms of | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 1 |
[
"Earth",
"Jupiter",
"the solar system",
"a comet"
]
| The "target" in line 20 most probably referred to | In July of 1994, an astounding series of events took place. The world anxiously watched as, every few hours, a hurtling chunk of comet plunged into the atmosphere of Jupiter. All of the twenty-odd fragments, collectively called comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 after its discoverers, were once part of the same object, now dismembered and strung out along the same orbit. This cometary train, glistening like a string of pearls, had been first glimpsed only a few months before its fateful impact with Jupiter, and rather quickly scientists had predicted that the fragments were on a collision course with the giant planet. The impact caused an explosion clearly visible from Earth, a bright flaming fire that quickly expanded as each icy mass incinerated itself. When each fragment slammed at 60 kilometers per second into the dense atmosphere, its immense kinetic energy was transformed into heat, producing a superheated fireball that was ejected back through the tunnel the fragment had made a few seconds earlier. The residues from these explosions left huge black marks on the face of Jupiter, some of which have stretched out to form dark ribbons.
Although this impact event was of considerable scientific import, it especially piqued public curiosity and interest. Photographs of each collision made the evening television newscast and were posted on the Internet. This was possibly the most open scientific endeavor in history. The face of the largest planet in the solar system was changed before our very eyes. And for the very first time, most of humanity came to fully appreciate the fact that we ourselves live on a similar target, a world subject to catastrophe by random assaults from celestial bodies. That realization was a surprise to many, but it should not have been. One of the great truths revealed by the last few decades of planetary exploration is that collisions between bodies of all sizes are relatively commonplace, at least in geologic terms, and were even more frequent in the early solar system. | 1966.txt | 0 |
[
"Children who are very naughty.",
"Children who are a little dull.",
"Children who are extraordinarily smart.",
"Children who quite sensitive."
]
| What does the word"whiz kids"mean(Line 3.Para.2)? | Milleunialshave a reputation for being pretty savvywith technology and social media--not to mention their finances----but today's young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge.Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit--just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance-but millennials have the dubious distinctionof being even less-informed than other age groups.
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three.quarters of older people surveyed.
They're more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can't).And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer's credit when doing business with them.
They're also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit.just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not.mey've actually goRen their free credit report(if you're one of the many who haven't，you can do so at annualcreditreport.corn).Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.
"Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores."CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement."It's so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores." | 1356.txt | 2 |
[
"Credit scoring has nothing to do with age.",
"Declaring bankruptcy can lead to bad credit data.",
"Government will never track a consumer's credit.",
"It doesn't matter if you have any credit card debt or not."
]
| What do the millennials think of credit? | Milleunialshave a reputation for being pretty savvywith technology and social media--not to mention their finances----but today's young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge.Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit--just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance-but millennials have the dubious distinctionof being even less-informed than other age groups.
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three.quarters of older people surveyed.
They're more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can't).And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer's credit when doing business with them.
They're also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit.just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not.mey've actually goRen their free credit report(if you're one of the many who haven't，you can do so at annualcreditreport.corn).Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.
"Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores."CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement."It's so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores." | 1356.txt | 1 |
[
"You can get a free copy ofyour credit report from the website.",
"People interested in credit report can't be interested in credit scores.",
"People with credit reports have little knowledge of credit scores.",
"Getting the copy of credit report may discourage people to leam more about credit."
]
| Which of the following statement about credit report is TRUE? | Milleunialshave a reputation for being pretty savvywith technology and social media--not to mention their finances----but today's young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge.Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit--just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance-but millennials have the dubious distinctionof being even less-informed than other age groups.
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three.quarters of older people surveyed.
They're more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can't).And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer's credit when doing business with them.
They're also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit.just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not.mey've actually goRen their free credit report(if you're one of the many who haven't，you can do so at annualcreditreport.corn).Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.
"Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores."CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement."It's so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores." | 1356.txt | 0 |
[
"Millennials prefer to get their credit reports than to have credit scores.",
"You can ask credit repair services to fix your credit.",
"Despite of bad credit，a mortgage lender Will trade with you.",
"With bad credit,you'll have to pay a higher loan interest."
]
| What can be inferred from this passage? | Milleunialshave a reputation for being pretty savvywith technology and social media--not to mention their finances----but today's young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge.Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit--just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance-but millennials have the dubious distinctionof being even less-informed than other age groups.
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three.quarters of older people surveyed.
They're more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can't).And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer's credit when doing business with them.
They're also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit.just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not.mey've actually goRen their free credit report(if you're one of the many who haven't，you can do so at annualcreditreport.corn).Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.
"Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores."CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement."It's so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores." | 1356.txt | 3 |
[
"Millennials are not smart enough to learn about credit.",
"Millennials should learn more about credit scores.",
"Millennials should get their credit reports.",
"Milleunials should realize the consequences ofbad credit."
]
| What's the main idea ofthis passage? | Milleunialshave a reputation for being pretty savvywith technology and social media--not to mention their finances----but today's young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit.
A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge.Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit--just over 40％of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance-but millennials have the dubious distinctionof being even less-informed than other age groups.
Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three.quarters of older people surveyed.
They're more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can't).And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6％got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score.
Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer's credit when doing business with them.
They're also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit.just 1 5％knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan.
One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not.mey've actually goRen their free credit report(if you're one of the many who haven't，you can do so at annualcreditreport.corn).Interestingly,
people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores.
"Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores."CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement."It's so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores." | 1356.txt | 1 |
[
"New Economic Pattern of the 21st Century",
"The Influence of Japan on the World Economy",
"A Global Economy and an Information Society",
"A System of High Productivity"
]
| The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is | In the age of a global economy and an information society, the world is now seeking a new economic pattern beyond traditional capitalism and socialism.
As the influence of Japan in the world economy becomes greater, Japanese companies will necessarily be globalized in a "borderless" economy. There are two aspects to the information revolution. The first is rapid technologic innovation in various fields such as microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology. The second is the reorganization of industrial structure. These environmental changes require the Japanese economy to be a driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities. Japanese companies should meet requirements not only to survive themselves, but also to lead the new industrial revolution throughout the world.
We can say that the concept of HES proposes a new economic system which Japan has actually developed in the process of adaptation to a changing environment. HES is a system that can integrate both the efficiency of capitalistic competition and the equality of socialistic democracy. It is a system that can resolve the internal contradiction of both the systems of capitalism and socialism, in which power is concentrated in minority-the capitalists or the central government. Moreover, HES is a system of high productivity, which the Japanese economy demonstrates.
In Japan, there seems to have been an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites. " Historically, Japan has allowed the coexistence of various religions such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity. In the process of modernization after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has incorporated Western science and technology onto the Eastern spiritual culture. Since the Second World War, Japan has built a cooperative relationship between management and labor unions. Today, Japan is trying to synthesize capitalism and socialism into a new economic system. | 1442.txt | 0 |
[
"lack of border",
"edgeless",
"international.",
"global"
]
| In the 2nd paragraph, the word "borderless" could best be replaced by which of the following? | In the age of a global economy and an information society, the world is now seeking a new economic pattern beyond traditional capitalism and socialism.
As the influence of Japan in the world economy becomes greater, Japanese companies will necessarily be globalized in a "borderless" economy. There are two aspects to the information revolution. The first is rapid technologic innovation in various fields such as microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology. The second is the reorganization of industrial structure. These environmental changes require the Japanese economy to be a driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities. Japanese companies should meet requirements not only to survive themselves, but also to lead the new industrial revolution throughout the world.
We can say that the concept of HES proposes a new economic system which Japan has actually developed in the process of adaptation to a changing environment. HES is a system that can integrate both the efficiency of capitalistic competition and the equality of socialistic democracy. It is a system that can resolve the internal contradiction of both the systems of capitalism and socialism, in which power is concentrated in minority-the capitalists or the central government. Moreover, HES is a system of high productivity, which the Japanese economy demonstrates.
In Japan, there seems to have been an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites. " Historically, Japan has allowed the coexistence of various religions such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity. In the process of modernization after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has incorporated Western science and technology onto the Eastern spiritual culture. Since the Second World War, Japan has built a cooperative relationship between management and labor unions. Today, Japan is trying to synthesize capitalism and socialism into a new economic system. | 1442.txt | 3 |
[
"environmental changes",
"rapid technological innovation and reorganization of industrial structure",
"the Japanese economy to be driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities",
"two aspects of information revolution"
]
| The phrase "These requirements" in Paragraph 2 means | In the age of a global economy and an information society, the world is now seeking a new economic pattern beyond traditional capitalism and socialism.
As the influence of Japan in the world economy becomes greater, Japanese companies will necessarily be globalized in a "borderless" economy. There are two aspects to the information revolution. The first is rapid technologic innovation in various fields such as microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology. The second is the reorganization of industrial structure. These environmental changes require the Japanese economy to be a driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities. Japanese companies should meet requirements not only to survive themselves, but also to lead the new industrial revolution throughout the world.
We can say that the concept of HES proposes a new economic system which Japan has actually developed in the process of adaptation to a changing environment. HES is a system that can integrate both the efficiency of capitalistic competition and the equality of socialistic democracy. It is a system that can resolve the internal contradiction of both the systems of capitalism and socialism, in which power is concentrated in minority-the capitalists or the central government. Moreover, HES is a system of high productivity, which the Japanese economy demonstrates.
In Japan, there seems to have been an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites. " Historically, Japan has allowed the coexistence of various religions such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity. In the process of modernization after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has incorporated Western science and technology onto the Eastern spiritual culture. Since the Second World War, Japan has built a cooperative relationship between management and labor unions. Today, Japan is trying to synthesize capitalism and socialism into a new economic system. | 1442.txt | 2 |
[
"that is a mixture of capitalism and socialism",
"whose concept has been created by a changing environment of the world",
"in which Japanese productivity is high",
"in which power is concentrated in a minority"
]
| HES is a system_ . | In the age of a global economy and an information society, the world is now seeking a new economic pattern beyond traditional capitalism and socialism.
As the influence of Japan in the world economy becomes greater, Japanese companies will necessarily be globalized in a "borderless" economy. There are two aspects to the information revolution. The first is rapid technologic innovation in various fields such as microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology. The second is the reorganization of industrial structure. These environmental changes require the Japanese economy to be a driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities. Japanese companies should meet requirements not only to survive themselves, but also to lead the new industrial revolution throughout the world.
We can say that the concept of HES proposes a new economic system which Japan has actually developed in the process of adaptation to a changing environment. HES is a system that can integrate both the efficiency of capitalistic competition and the equality of socialistic democracy. It is a system that can resolve the internal contradiction of both the systems of capitalism and socialism, in which power is concentrated in minority-the capitalists or the central government. Moreover, HES is a system of high productivity, which the Japanese economy demonstrates.
In Japan, there seems to have been an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites. " Historically, Japan has allowed the coexistence of various religions such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity. In the process of modernization after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has incorporated Western science and technology onto the Eastern spiritual culture. Since the Second World War, Japan has built a cooperative relationship between management and labor unions. Today, Japan is trying to synthesize capitalism and socialism into a new economic system. | 1442.txt | 0 |
[
"two",
"three",
"four",
"five"
]
| In Japan, an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites" is shown in the passage in _ respects. | In the age of a global economy and an information society, the world is now seeking a new economic pattern beyond traditional capitalism and socialism.
As the influence of Japan in the world economy becomes greater, Japanese companies will necessarily be globalized in a "borderless" economy. There are two aspects to the information revolution. The first is rapid technologic innovation in various fields such as microelectronics, new materials and biotechnology. The second is the reorganization of industrial structure. These environmental changes require the Japanese economy to be a driving force of technological innovation and to create new business and new employment opportunities. Japanese companies should meet requirements not only to survive themselves, but also to lead the new industrial revolution throughout the world.
We can say that the concept of HES proposes a new economic system which Japan has actually developed in the process of adaptation to a changing environment. HES is a system that can integrate both the efficiency of capitalistic competition and the equality of socialistic democracy. It is a system that can resolve the internal contradiction of both the systems of capitalism and socialism, in which power is concentrated in minority-the capitalists or the central government. Moreover, HES is a system of high productivity, which the Japanese economy demonstrates.
In Japan, there seems to have been an invisible principle of "coexistence of opposites. " Historically, Japan has allowed the coexistence of various religions such as Shintoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism and Christianity. In the process of modernization after the Meiji Restoration, Japan has incorporated Western science and technology onto the Eastern spiritual culture. Since the Second World War, Japan has built a cooperative relationship between management and labor unions. Today, Japan is trying to synthesize capitalism and socialism into a new economic system. | 1442.txt | 2 |
[
"teens may develop a different sense of values",
"nothing is wrong with teens'chatting online",
"teens can manage their social connections",
"spending hours online does much good to teens"
]
| The researchers argue that. (A) | Teens don't understand the big fass .As the first generation to grow up in a wired world,they hardly know a time when computers weren't around, and they cagerly eatch the chance to spend hours online, chatting with friends,So what?
But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated,less skillful at person-to-person relationships, and perhaps numb to the chcatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world."And a tenn's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless,"said shetty Turklt.
Another resarcher, Pobert Kraut, said he's worried about the"opportunity costs" of so much online time for youths. He found that teens who used computers,even just a few hours a week, showed incrcased signs of loneliness and socol isolation."Chatting onine may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends,"he said.
Today's teens, however,don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives,"School is busy and full of pressurs. There's almost no time to just hang out."said Parker Rice, 17. "Talking online is just catch up time."
Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply. Some teens admit that asking someone for a date, or breaking up, can be easier in message form,though they don't want to do so. But they insist there's no harm. | 3357.txt | 0 |
[
"use computers properly",
"improve their school work",
"develop an interest in soeial skills",
"reduce their mental pressures"
]
| The text mainly deals with. (D) | Teens don't understand the big fass .As the first generation to grow up in a wired world,they hardly know a time when computers weren't around, and they cagerly eatch the chance to spend hours online, chatting with friends,So what?
But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated,less skillful at person-to-person relationships, and perhaps numb to the chcatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world."And a tenn's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless,"said shetty Turklt.
Another resarcher, Pobert Kraut, said he's worried about the"opportunity costs" of so much online time for youths. He found that teens who used computers,even just a few hours a week, showed incrcased signs of loneliness and socol isolation."Chatting onine may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends,"he said.
Today's teens, however,don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives,"School is busy and full of pressurs. There's almost no time to just hang out."said Parker Rice, 17. "Talking online is just catch up time."
Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply. Some teens admit that asking someone for a date, or breaking up, can be easier in message form,though they don't want to do so. But they insist there's no harm. | 3357.txt | 3 |
[
"tcens' pleasant online experience",
"teens' computer skills and school work",
"the effects of the computer world on teens",
"different opinions on teens' chatting online"
]
| The text mainly deals with. (D) | Teens don't understand the big fass .As the first generation to grow up in a wired world,they hardly know a time when computers weren't around, and they cagerly eatch the chance to spend hours online, chatting with friends,So what?
But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated,less skillful at person-to-person relationships, and perhaps numb to the chcatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world."And a tenn's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless,"said shetty Turklt.
Another resarcher, Pobert Kraut, said he's worried about the"opportunity costs" of so much online time for youths. He found that teens who used computers,even just a few hours a week, showed incrcased signs of loneliness and socol isolation."Chatting onine may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends,"he said.
Today's teens, however,don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives,"School is busy and full of pressurs. There's almost no time to just hang out."said Parker Rice, 17. "Talking online is just catch up time."
Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply. Some teens admit that asking someone for a date, or breaking up, can be easier in message form,though they don't want to do so. But they insist there's no harm. | 3357.txt | 3 |
[
"describe computer research results",
"draw attention to teens' computer habits",
"suggest ways to deal with problem teens",
"discuss problems teens have at school"
]
| The purpose of the text is to. (B) | Teens don't understand the big fass .As the first generation to grow up in a wired world,they hardly know a time when computers weren't around, and they cagerly eatch the chance to spend hours online, chatting with friends,So what?
But researchers nationwide are increasingly worried that teens are becoming isolated,less skillful at person-to-person relationships, and perhaps numb to the chcatings that are so much a part of the e-mail world."And a tenn's sense of self and values may be changed in a world where personal connections can be limitless,"said shetty Turklt.
Another resarcher, Pobert Kraut, said he's worried about the"opportunity costs" of so much online time for youths. He found that teens who used computers,even just a few hours a week, showed incrcased signs of loneliness and socol isolation."Chatting onine may be better than watching television, but it's worse than hanging out with real friends,"he said.
Today's teens, however,don't see anything strange in the fact that the computer takes up a central place in their social lives,"School is busy and full of pressurs. There's almost no time to just hang out."said Parker Rice, 17. "Talking online is just catch up time."
Teens say they feel good about what they say online or taking the time to think about a reply. Some teens admit that asking someone for a date, or breaking up, can be easier in message form,though they don't want to do so. But they insist there's no harm. | 3357.txt | 1 |
[
"Weakness of human nature.",
"Concern about climate change.",
"Importance of practical thinking.",
"Optimism about human progress."
]
| What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book? | Feeling blue about world ? "Cheer up." Says science writer Matt Ridley."The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature."
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist-tactical.because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic.because that offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting.He views mankind as grand enterprise that.on the whole.has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty.our own generation has access to more nutritious food.more convenient transport.bigger houses, better ears.and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.
3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet around our necks. | 1664.txt | 3 |
[
"It encourages the creation of things.",
"It results in shortage of goods.",
"It demands more fossil fuels.",
"It causes a poverry problem."
]
| How does Ridley look at shopping? | Feeling blue about world ? "Cheer up." Says science writer Matt Ridley."The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature."
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist-tactical.because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic.because that offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting.He views mankind as grand enterprise that.on the whole.has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty.our own generation has access to more nutritious food.more convenient transport.bigger houses, better ears.and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.
3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet around our necks. | 1664.txt | 0 |
[
"oil lamps give off more light than candles",
"shortening working time brings about a happier life.",
"advanced technology helps to produce better candles.",
"increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods."
]
| The candle and lamp example is used to show that. | Feeling blue about world ? "Cheer up." Says science writer Matt Ridley."The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature."
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist-tactical.because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic.because that offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting.He views mankind as grand enterprise that.on the whole.has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty.our own generation has access to more nutritious food.more convenient transport.bigger houses, better ears.and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.
3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet around our necks. | 1664.txt | 3 |
[
"Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.",
"Overreaction to cliamate change may be dangerous.",
"People's health is closely related to climate change.",
"Careless medical treatment may cause great pain."
]
| What does the last sentence of the passage imply? | Feeling blue about world ? "Cheer up." Says science writer Matt Ridley."The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and got nature."
Ridley calls himself a tat ional optimist-tactical.because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic.because that offence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good.And this is what he's set out to prone from unique point of view in his most recent book. The Rant anal Opting.He views mankind as grand enterprise that.on the whole.has done little but progress for 100.000 years. He backed his finding with hard gathered though years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different producers for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty.our own generation has access to more nutritious food.more convenient transport.bigger houses, better ears.and of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us.This will continue as long as we there things to make other things, This more we specialize and exchange, the better off we'll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ener before is that the four most basie human needs -food, clothing, fuel and shelter- have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it's half second.
3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating climate change could prove just as damaging to human welface as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fassil-fuel electrieity is forhidden by well meaming members of green polucal movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that mes in a flood caused by climate change. If chmaic change proves to be xxxx, but cutting carbon canses realparn, we may well find that we have stopped a nose bleed by putting a tournquet around our necks. | 1664.txt | 1 |
[
"It will exhaust the nation's oil reserves.",
"It will help secure the future of ANWR.",
"It will help reduce the nation's oil imports.",
"It will increase 's energy consumption."
]
| What does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR? | Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease 's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the from . Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease 's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output-and just 3% of the nation's. | 735.txt | 2 |
[
"believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields",
"tends to exaggerate 's reliance on foreign oil",
"shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR",
"expects to stop oil imports from"
]
| We learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry _ . | Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease 's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the from . Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease 's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output-and just 3% of the nation's. | 735.txt | 0 |
[
"it can cause serious damage to the environment",
"it can do little to solve energy problems",
"it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region",
"it will not have much commercial value"
]
| Those against oil drilling in ANWR argue that _ . | Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease 's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the from . Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease 's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output-and just 3% of the nation's. | 735.txt | 1 |
[
"Oil exploitation takes a long time",
"The oil drilling should be delayed",
"Don't be too optimistic",
"Don't expect fast returns"
]
| What do the environmentalists mean by saying "Not so fast" (Line 1, Para. 3)? | Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease 's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the from . Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease 's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output-and just 3% of the nation's. | 735.txt | 2 |
[
"remains a controversial issue",
"is expected to get under way soon",
"involves a lot of technological problems",
"will enable the to be oil independent"
]
| It can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR's frozen earth _ . | Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease 's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the from . Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease 's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output-and just 3% of the nation's. | 735.txt | 0 |
[
"establishing self-independence",
"rebelling against parents",
"learning to deliver newspapers",
"going to get prepared for attending college"
]
| Financial independence for American youth is one way of_ . | Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should " cut the (umbilical) cord " and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" arid to "stand on their own two feet. "
Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing independence. Nine-or-ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers may baby-sit at neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollars a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciating the value of money. | 1458.txt | 0 |
[
"to become dependent on one's parents",
"to cut a piece of string",
"an expression used by electricians",
"to become independent of one's parents"
]
| "To cut the cord" is_ . | Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should " cut the (umbilical) cord " and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" arid to "stand on their own two feet. "
Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing independence. Nine-or-ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers may baby-sit at neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollars a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciating the value of money. | 1458.txt | 3 |
[
"are those caught in their mothers' aprons",
"must always wear an apron when they eat",
"are very dependent on their mothers",
"are those who are busy with making aprons"
]
| Children who are "tied to their mothers' apron strings" | Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should " cut the (umbilical) cord " and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" arid to "stand on their own two feet. "
Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing independence. Nine-or-ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers may baby-sit at neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollars a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciating the value of money. | 1458.txt | 2 |
[
"from 13 to 17",
"from 12 to 18",
"from 13 to 19",
"from 13 to 18"
]
| Teenagers are children_ . | Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should " cut the (umbilical) cord " and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" arid to "stand on their own two feet. "
Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing independence. Nine-or-ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers may baby-sit at neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollars a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciating the value of money. | 1458.txt | 2 |
[
"Independence for Children.",
"Child Raising in America.",
"How to Look After the Newborns.",
"How to Be a Good Mother."
]
| What could be the best title for this passage? | Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should " cut the (umbilical) cord " and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" arid to "stand on their own two feet. "
Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing independence. Nine-or-ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers may baby-sit at neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollars a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciating the value of money. | 1458.txt | 1 |
[
"The shrinking biodiversity worldwide.",
"The rapid increase of world population.",
"The ongoing global economic recession.",
"The impact of accelerating urbanization."
]
| What issue does the author try to draw people's attention to? | It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a lessconspicuous kind of social upheaval underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet andthe way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the firsttime in human history, more than half the world's population was living in towns and cities. And as arecently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come--with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn't just about themigration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger toaccommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversityhotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species--when.they move into new territory, they often displace thewildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities--especially in the densetropical forests--carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It's true that as people in developingnations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could inturn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents inthe countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the realdifference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanyingincrease in income--and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, whichin turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing--but it does carry an environmental price.
The urbanization wave can't be stopped--and it shouldn't be. But Seto's paper does underscore theimportance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization's impact onthe environment. "There's an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to thinkabout how we urbanize," says Seto. "One thing that's clear is that we can't build cities the way we haveover the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won't allow that." We're headed towardsan urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us. | 1451.txt | 3 |
[
"They are much greedier than other species.",
"They are a unique species born to conquer.",
"They force other species out of their territories.",
"They have an urge to expand their living space."
]
| In what sense are humans the ultimate invasive species? | It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a lessconspicuous kind of social upheaval underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet andthe way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the firsttime in human history, more than half the world's population was living in towns and cities. And as arecently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come--with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn't just about themigration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger toaccommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversityhotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species--when.they move into new territory, they often displace thewildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities--especially in the densetropical forests--carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It's true that as people in developingnations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could inturn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents inthe countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the realdifference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanyingincrease in income--and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, whichin turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing--but it does carry an environmental price.
The urbanization wave can't be stopped--and it shouldn't be. But Seto's paper does underscore theimportance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization's impact onthe environment. "There's an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to thinkabout how we urbanize," says Seto. "One thing that's clear is that we can't build cities the way we haveover the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won't allow that." We're headed towardsan urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us. | 1451.txt | 2 |
[
"More land will be preserved for wildlife.",
"The pressure on farmland will be lessened.",
"Carbon emissions will be considerably reduced.",
"Natural resources will be used more effectively."
]
| In what way is urbanization in poor countries good for the environment? | It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a lessconspicuous kind of social upheaval underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet andthe way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the firsttime in human history, more than half the world's population was living in towns and cities. And as arecently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come--with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn't just about themigration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger toaccommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversityhotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species--when.they move into new territory, they often displace thewildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities--especially in the densetropical forests--carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It's true that as people in developingnations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could inturn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents inthe countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the realdifference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanyingincrease in income--and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, whichin turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing--but it does carry an environmental price.
The urbanization wave can't be stopped--and it shouldn't be. But Seto's paper does underscore theimportance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization's impact onthe environment. "There's an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to thinkabout how we urbanize," says Seto. "One thing that's clear is that we can't build cities the way we haveover the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won't allow that." We're headed towardsan urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us. | 1451.txt | 1 |
[
"It incurs a high environmental price.",
"It brings poverty and insecurity to an end.",
"It causes a big change in people's lifestyle.",
"It narrows the gap between city and country."
]
| What does the author say about living comfortably in the city? | It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a lessconspicuous kind of social upheaval underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet andthe way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the firsttime in human history, more than half the world's population was living in towns and cities. And as arecently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come--with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn't just about themigration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger toaccommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversityhotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species--when.they move into new territory, they often displace thewildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities--especially in the densetropical forests--carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It's true that as people in developingnations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could inturn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents inthe countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the realdifference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanyingincrease in income--and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, whichin turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing--but it does carry an environmental price.
The urbanization wave can't be stopped--and it shouldn't be. But Seto's paper does underscore theimportance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization's impact onthe environment. "There's an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to thinkabout how we urbanize," says Seto. "One thing that's clear is that we can't build cities the way we haveover the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won't allow that." We're headed towardsan urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us. | 1451.txt | 0 |
[
"Slowing down the speed of transition.",
"Innovative use of advanced technology.",
"Appropriate management of the process.",
"Enhancing people's sense of responsibility."
]
| What can be done to minimize the negative impact of urbanization according to Seto? | It is easy to miss amid the day-to-day headlines of global economic recession, but there is a lessconspicuous kind of social upheaval underway that is fast altering both the face of the planet andthe way human beings live. That change is the rapid acceleration of urbanization. In 2008, for the firsttime in human history, more than half the world's population was living in towns and cities. And as arecently published paper shows, the process of urbanization will only accelerate in the decades to come--with an enormous impact on biodiversity and potentially on climate change.
As Karen Seto, the lead author of the paper, points out, the wave of urbanization isn't just about themigration of people into urban environments, but about the environments themselves becoming bigger toaccommodate all those people. The rapid expansion of urban areas will have a huge impact on biodiversityhotspots and on carbon emissions in those urban areas.
Humans are the ultimate invasive species--when.they move into new territory, they often displace thewildlife that was already living there. And as land is cleared for those new cities--especially in the densetropical forests--carbon will be released into the atmosphere as well. It's true that as people in developingnations move from the countryside to the city, the shift may reduce the pressure on land, which could inturn be good for the environment. This is especially so in desperately poor countries, where residents inthe countryside slash and burn forests each growing season to clear space for farming. But the realdifference is that in developing nations, the move from rural areas to cities often leads to an accompanyingincrease in income--and that increase leads to an increase in the consumption of food and energy, whichin turn causes a rise in carbon emissions. Getting enough to eat and enjoying the safety and comfort of living fully on the grid is certainly a good thing--but it does carry an environmental price.
The urbanization wave can't be stopped--and it shouldn't be. But Seto's paper does underscore theimportance of managing that transition. If we do it the right way, we can reduce urbanization's impact onthe environment. "There's an enormous opportunity here, and a lot of pressure and responsibility to thinkabout how we urbanize," says Seto. "One thing that's clear is that we can't build cities the way we haveover the last couple of hundred years. The scale of this transition won't allow that." We're headed towardsan urban planet no matter what, but whether it becomes heaven or hell is up to us. | 1451.txt | 2 |
[
"Whether immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.",
"The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now it's a different story.",
"The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.",
"The general public thinks differently from most economists on the impact of immigration."
]
| What can we learn from the first paragraph? | At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. | 1089.txt | 3 |
[
"They can access all kinds of public services.",
"They can get consumer goods at lower prices.",
"They can mix with people of different cultures.",
"They can avoid doing much of the manual labor."
]
| In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration? | At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. | 1089.txt | 1 |
[
"They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.",
"They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.",
"They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.",
"They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor skills."
]
| Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration? | At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. | 1089.txt | 2 |
[
"It may change the existing social structure.",
"It may pose a threat to their economic status.",
"It may lead to social instability in the country.",
"It may place a great strain on the state budget."
]
| What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants? | At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. | 1089.txt | 3 |
[
"Even economists can't reach a consensus about its impact.",
"Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.",
"People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.",
"There is no essential difference between seemingly opposite opinions."
]
| What is the irony about the debate over immigration? | At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal, provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants' impact on the economy and the reality?
There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, arguing that foreigners add to the nation's fears and insecurities. There's some truth to all these explanations, but they aren't quite sufficient.
To get a better understanding of what's going on, consider the way immigration's impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants' low-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers' savings probably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a study by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000.
Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services. What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants' access to certain benefits.
The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isn't all that dramatic. "The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions," says Daniel Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. "But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one." Too bad most people don't realize it. | 1089.txt | 2 |
[
"he had prescribed wrong medicine for patients by mistake",
"he had treated his patients with something illegal, causing bad result",
"he had pretended to be a prominent surgeon",
"he had sold an unauthorized product in large amount"
]
| Doctor Sheldon Pollack was charged that _ . | A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.
Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. what she says he didn't tell her is that it isn't approved for use in Canada. "I didn't know what liquid silicone was and he just called it 'liquid gold'," Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.
"My upper lip is always numb and it burns," Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. "The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing," says lawyer Douglas Elliott.
Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barbiero's case, "...at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country ...I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbiero's chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications."
Dr. Pollack declined to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the case raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. "There's a larger message and that is: buyer beware," says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, "It's incumbent on consumers to do their research." | 2689.txt | 1 |
[
"A person whose work is filling, cleaning and taking out teeth.",
"A person whose work is studying mental diseases.",
"A person whose work is healing eye diseases.",
"A person whose work is curing skin diseases."
]
| What does the word "dermatologist" (Line 2, Para. 2) mean? | A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.
Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. what she says he didn't tell her is that it isn't approved for use in Canada. "I didn't know what liquid silicone was and he just called it 'liquid gold'," Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.
"My upper lip is always numb and it burns," Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. "The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing," says lawyer Douglas Elliott.
Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barbiero's case, "...at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country ...I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbiero's chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications."
Dr. Pollack declined to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the case raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. "There's a larger message and that is: buyer beware," says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, "It's incumbent on consumers to do their research." | 2689.txt | 3 |
[
"whether he still has illegal treatment on his patients",
"how many patients have been abused",
"if he told his patients about the risk",
"how much money he got from his illegal treatment"
]
| The investigation of Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is to find _ . | A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.
Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. what she says he didn't tell her is that it isn't approved for use in Canada. "I didn't know what liquid silicone was and he just called it 'liquid gold'," Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.
"My upper lip is always numb and it burns," Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. "The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing," says lawyer Douglas Elliott.
Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barbiero's case, "...at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country ...I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbiero's chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications."
Dr. Pollack declined to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the case raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. "There's a larger message and that is: buyer beware," says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, "It's incumbent on consumers to do their research." | 2689.txt | 0 |
[
"Barbiero took the treatment after being told the risk.",
"Dr. Sheldon Pollack started his work with the patients' agreement to accept the potential risk.",
"A famous doctor should be authorized to use something he thinks okay on patients.",
"Barbiero is suffering a lot."
]
| Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? | A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.
Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. what she says he didn't tell her is that it isn't approved for use in Canada. "I didn't know what liquid silicone was and he just called it 'liquid gold'," Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.
"My upper lip is always numb and it burns," Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. "The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing," says lawyer Douglas Elliott.
Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barbiero's case, "...at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country ...I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbiero's chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications."
Dr. Pollack declined to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the case raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. "There's a larger message and that is: buyer beware," says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, "It's incumbent on consumers to do their research." | 2689.txt | 3 |
[
"Barbiero will win the lawsuit",
"Dr. Sheldon Pollack will win the lawsuit",
"the cases have been dismissed",
"governing bodies to monitor doctor will be charged"
]
| From the ending part of the passage, we can conclude that _ . | A class action lawsuit has been filed against a prominent Toronto doctor by patients who allege he injected a banned substance into their faces for cosmetic purposes. The doctor had already been investigated for more than three years for using the liquid silicone, a product not authorized for use in Canada.
Some patients say they are now suffering health problems and think the liquid silicone may be to blame. One of those patients is Anna Barbiero. She says her Toronto dermatologist told her he was using liquid silicone to smooth out wrinkles. what she says he didn't tell her is that it isn't approved for use in Canada. "I didn't know what liquid silicone was and he just called it 'liquid gold'," Barbiero remembers. After her last treatment, Anna discovered Dr. Sheldon Pollack had been ordered to stop using the silicone two years earlier by Health Canada. Experts say silicone can migrate through the body, and cause inflammation and deformities.
"My upper lip is always numb and it burns," Barbiero says. Barbiero is spearheading a lawsuit against the doctor, who her lawyer thinks might involve up to 100 patients injected with the same material. "The fact, a physician of his stature would use an unauthorized product on a patient because he thought it was okay, is really very disturbing," says lawyer Douglas Elliott.
Ontario's College of Physicians and Surgeons is also investigating Dr. Pollack to see if, in fact, he continued to use the silicone after agreeing to stop and whether he wrote in patient records that he used another legal product when he used silicone. However, in a letter to the College, Dr. Pollack wrote that he had always told patients that the silicone was not approved for sale in Canada, and had warned them of the risks. And in Barbiero's case, "...at the time of her first visit, prior to her ever receiving IGLS treatment, I specifically informed her that the material was not approved for sale in Canada by the Health Protection Branch and that I did receive the material from outside the country ...I would like to emphasize that, as is evident on Ms. Barbiero's chart, I drew a specific diagram on the chart which I carefully discussed with and explained to Ms. Barbiero as I did with every other patient to explain the nature and likelihood of complications and the reasons and consequences of those possible complications."
Dr. Pollack declined to speak to CTV News, or to have his lawyer discuss the case. None of the allegations have been proven in court. But the case raises questions about the ability of governing bodies to monitor doctors. "There's a larger message and that is: buyer beware," says Nancy Neilsen of Cosmetic Surgery Canada, "It's incumbent on consumers to do their research." | 2689.txt | 2 |
[
"Very hot tea may cause prostate cancer.",
"There may be a link between very hot tea and esophageal cancer.",
"Over-drinking tea is the cause of prostate cancer.",
"Drinking too much tea may worsen esophageal cancer."
]
| What can be inferred about tea from Paragraph 3? | Recent reports suggest that tea can cause brittle bones-but you'll probably be safe if you drink less than a gallon a day.
Do you fancy a cup of tea? We drink, on average, three mugs a day. But you might want to try another strong alcohol after hearing the case of a 47-year-old woman, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), who developed brittle bones and lost all of her teeth after drinking too much tea.
Tea may not be so great for prostates either. Last year, research from the University of Glasgow found that men who drank more than seven or more cups of tea a day had a 50% higher risk of prostate cancer. And in 2009 a paper in the British Medical Journal showed that drinking very hot tea(70ｏC or more) increased the likelihood of esophageal cancer.
Still gasping for that cup of tea? There is some evidence that tea can be good for you too, with antioxidant properties, so maybe you're not actually drinking enough of the stuff.
The poor woman in the NEJM study is not alone. There are a few other cases of people who have damaged their bones through too much tea. But she (like those in other studies) was drinking excessive amounts: 100 - 150 tea bags a day to make 12 cups of tea. A litre of tea can contain up to 9mg of fluoride, which in excess can cause skeletal fluorosis, reducing bone quality and causing pain and stiffening of the ligaments. Other studies show you generally need to drink a gallon a day for three decades to develop this condition.
You also shouldn't worry about the Glasgow study as it wasn't designed to show that drinking tea actually caused prostate cancer. All it proved was an association and people were only asked how much tea they drank at the start of the study, which went on for about 28 years.
The National Cancer Institute in the U.S. concludes that the evidence isn't good enough to say tea either harms or helps our health. However it does seem sensible in the light of the BMJ study to wait for your tea to cool down for a few minutes.
Black tea, which makes up 75% of the world's consumption, may have healthy properties from its plant chemicals called poly phenols, which are antioxidants. Green tea contains more poly phenols but isn't so nice to dunk digestives into.
A review of the evidence in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sponsored by the Tea Council--which, the authors say, had no part in the study--found the research showed more than three cups of black tea a day reduced heart disease. It found no evidence of harm "in amounts typically consumed". So as long as you drink less than a gallon of tea a day you should be absolutely fine. | 893.txt | 1 |
[
"increase the likelihood of heart attack",
"cause the bone fracture",
"cause fluorosis in the blood",
"weaken the bone quality and hurt the ligaments"
]
| Excessive intake of fluoride may | Recent reports suggest that tea can cause brittle bones-but you'll probably be safe if you drink less than a gallon a day.
Do you fancy a cup of tea? We drink, on average, three mugs a day. But you might want to try another strong alcohol after hearing the case of a 47-year-old woman, published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), who developed brittle bones and lost all of her teeth after drinking too much tea.
Tea may not be so great for prostates either. Last year, research from the University of Glasgow found that men who drank more than seven or more cups of tea a day had a 50% higher risk of prostate cancer. And in 2009 a paper in the British Medical Journal showed that drinking very hot tea(70ｏC or more) increased the likelihood of esophageal cancer.
Still gasping for that cup of tea? There is some evidence that tea can be good for you too, with antioxidant properties, so maybe you're not actually drinking enough of the stuff.
The poor woman in the NEJM study is not alone. There are a few other cases of people who have damaged their bones through too much tea. But she (like those in other studies) was drinking excessive amounts: 100 - 150 tea bags a day to make 12 cups of tea. A litre of tea can contain up to 9mg of fluoride, which in excess can cause skeletal fluorosis, reducing bone quality and causing pain and stiffening of the ligaments. Other studies show you generally need to drink a gallon a day for three decades to develop this condition.
You also shouldn't worry about the Glasgow study as it wasn't designed to show that drinking tea actually caused prostate cancer. All it proved was an association and people were only asked how much tea they drank at the start of the study, which went on for about 28 years.
The National Cancer Institute in the U.S. concludes that the evidence isn't good enough to say tea either harms or helps our health. However it does seem sensible in the light of the BMJ study to wait for your tea to cool down for a few minutes.
Black tea, which makes up 75% of the world's consumption, may have healthy properties from its plant chemicals called poly phenols, which are antioxidants. Green tea contains more poly phenols but isn't so nice to dunk digestives into.
A review of the evidence in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, sponsored by the Tea Council--which, the authors say, had no part in the study--found the research showed more than three cups of black tea a day reduced heart disease. It found no evidence of harm "in amounts typically consumed". So as long as you drink less than a gallon of tea a day you should be absolutely fine. | 893.txt | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.