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[
"customers often use phones to express their anger",
"people still prefer to buy goods online",
"customer care becomes more attention",
"customers rely on their phones to obtain services"
]
| The writer mentions "phone rage"(Paragraph 3) to show that _ . | In the more and more competitive service industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer "delighi" is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to investa lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
"Many people do not like talking to machines ,"says Dr. Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest- the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucheras an unexpected "thank you" to regntlar customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an aplogy and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,"I know how you must feel") , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever faimess suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the tourhest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technieal problems.
For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a "we are here to help" attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. | 2823.txt | 2 |
[
"Calling customers regularly",
"Giving a \"thank you\" note.",
"Delivering a quicker service",
"Promising more gifts."
]
| What does the writer recommend to create delight? | In the more and more competitive service industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer "delighi" is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to investa lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
"Many people do not like talking to machines ,"says Dr. Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest- the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucheras an unexpected "thank you" to regntlar customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an aplogy and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,"I know how you must feel") , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever faimess suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the tourhest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technieal problems.
For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a "we are here to help" attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. | 2823.txt | 2 |
[
"\"I know how upset you must be.\"",
"\"I appreciate your understanding.\"",
"\"I'm sorry for the delay.\"",
"\"I know it's our fault.\""
]
| If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph6), what would he probably say? | In the more and more competitive service industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer "delighi" is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to investa lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
"Many people do not like talking to machines ,"says Dr. Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest- the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucheras an unexpected "thank you" to regntlar customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an aplogy and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,"I know how you must feel") , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever faimess suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the tourhest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technieal problems.
For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a "we are here to help" attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. | 2823.txt | 0 |
[
"their telephone style remains anchanged",
"they are more likely to meet with complaints",
"the services cost them a lot of money",
"the policies can be applied to their staff"
]
| Customer delight is important for airlines because _ . | In the more and more competitive service industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer "delighi" is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to investa lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
"Many people do not like talking to machines ,"says Dr. Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest- the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucheras an unexpected "thank you" to regntlar customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an aplogy and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,"I know how you must feel") , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever faimess suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the tourhest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technieal problems.
For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a "we are here to help" attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. | 2823.txt | 1 |
[
"Face-to-face service creatcs comfortable feelings among customers.",
"Companies that promise more will naturally attract more customers.",
"A company should promise less but do more in a competitive market.",
"Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks."
]
| Which of the following is conveyed in this article? | In the more and more competitive service industry , it is no longer enough to promise customrr satisfaction. Today , customer "delighi" is what companies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share.
It is accepted in the marketing industry , and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people : those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their complaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New llenges for customer care have come when peoplecan obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Intemet. For example , many companies now have to investa lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the "phone rage"-caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
"Many people do not like talking to machines ,"says Dr. Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketng at City University Business School. "Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them.The aim is to make the customet feel they know you and that you can trest- the sort of comfortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager."
Recommended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be camed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucheras an unexpected "thank you" to regntlar customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are complaints.
Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result. This can be eased by offering an aplogy and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,"I know how you must feel") , and possible solutions (replacement , compensation or whatever faimess suggests best meets the case).
Airlines face some of the tourhest challenges over customer care. Fierce competition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather ,unclaimed luggage and technieal problems.
For British Airways staff , a winning telephone style is considercd vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly ,with their name , job title and a "we are here to help" attitude. The company has investod heavily in information technology to make sure that infomation is available instantly on scren.
British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the company and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service.
Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish company that used slogans such as "we do as we please". On the other hand , the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. | 2823.txt | 2 |
[
"He is a brother of Andrew Carson.",
"He is a close friend of the Carsons.",
"He is a student of Judy Carson.",
"He is a student who pays to live and have meals at the Carsons' house."
]
| What is the relationship between the speaker and the Carsons? | I'm a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.
The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in they evening, they often ask me to look after their children.
Judy's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on Judy's children. They often sent the children presents.
Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn't surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn't think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no deed for me to move, for they hadn't yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. "Naturally I'm worried about my mother. She has been in poor health." She smiled sadly and added. "To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We'll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Moter will be all right living herself, of perhaps they will both change their minds."
That was six months ago. During this time I've heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she's still living alone and I'm still living in the basement room. | 1076.txt | 3 |
[
"Because Mr. Morris was dead.",
"Because Mrs. Morris suffered from illness.",
"Because Mrs. Morris lived all by herself.",
"Because of all the reasons mentioned in A, B and"
]
| Why did the speaker expect Mrs. Morris to come to live with her daughter? | I'm a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.
The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in they evening, they often ask me to look after their children.
Judy's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on Judy's children. They often sent the children presents.
Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn't surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn't think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no deed for me to move, for they hadn't yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. "Naturally I'm worried about my mother. She has been in poor health." She smiled sadly and added. "To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We'll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Moter will be all right living herself, of perhaps they will both change their minds."
That was six months ago. During this time I've heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she's still living alone and I'm still living in the basement room. | 1076.txt | 3 |
[
"Mrs. Morris was coming to live with the Carsons, so they asked the speaker to move.",
"Judy had no brothers or sisters to look after her mother.",
"Mrs. Morris loved her grandchildren very much.",
"The Carsons once suggested that Mrs. Morris go to live in a nursing home."
]
| Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? | I'm a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.
The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in they evening, they often ask me to look after their children.
Judy's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on Judy's children. They often sent the children presents.
Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn't surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn't think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no deed for me to move, for they hadn't yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. "Naturally I'm worried about my mother. She has been in poor health." She smiled sadly and added. "To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We'll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Moter will be all right living herself, of perhaps they will both change their minds."
That was six months ago. During this time I've heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she's still living alone and I'm still living in the basement room. | 1076.txt | 0 |
[
"Because the speaker lived in the basement room and there was no other room for her to live in.",
"Because she did not have a good relationship with her son-in-law.",
"Because she was in rather poor health and could not come.",
"Because she did not want to leave her own house."
]
| Why didn't Mrs. Morris come to live with her daughter's family? | I'm a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.
The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in they evening, they often ask me to look after their children.
Judy's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on Judy's children. They often sent the children presents.
Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn't surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn't think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no deed for me to move, for they hadn't yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. "Naturally I'm worried about my mother. She has been in poor health." She smiled sadly and added. "To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We'll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Moter will be all right living herself, of perhaps they will both change their minds."
That was six months ago. During this time I've heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she's still living alone and I'm still living in the basement room. | 1076.txt | 1 |
[
"My Landlady.",
"The Boarder.",
"Family Relationships is Canada.",
"Nursing Homes and the Aged."
]
| Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? | I'm a Chinese student studying in Canada. I have been a boarder with the Carsons for more than a year and a half.
The Carsons live in their own house, which has four bedrooms including the one in the basement which I live in. Judy does all the work in the house and Andrew is responsible for the work in the garden. When they go out in they evening, they often ask me to look after their children.
Judy's parents, Mr. and Mrs. Morris, lived in another city. Judy was their only child and naturally they doted on Judy's children. They often sent the children presents.
Last April Mr. Morris died. Now that Mrs. Morris was quite alone, I expected that Judy would want her to come and live with them. One day, Margaret told me grandma was coming to live with them and her daddy and mummy would want my room back. The news didn't surprise me and the next day I went to Judy and asked her about it. I said I couldn't think of living in their basement room any longer if it was needed for Mrs. Morris. Judy seemed surprised at first. Then she told me there was no deed for me to move, for they hadn't yet come to any decision about her mother coming to live with them. "Naturally I'm worried about my mother. She has been in poor health." She smiled sadly and added. "To be honest, Andrew and my mother have never got on well. We'll wait a bit and see what happens. Perhaps Moter will be all right living herself, of perhaps they will both change their minds."
That was six months ago. During this time I've heard that Mrs. Morris has had two illnesses and that her health has got worse. A nursing home was mentioned once but Mrs. Morris refused to go there. So up to now she's still living alone and I'm still living in the basement room. | 1076.txt | 2 |
[
"British lyrical tradition",
"French avant-garde experiment",
"notionalist energies",
"Italian painting"
]
| Which of the following art most probably exerted the greatest influence on Irish painting in the 19th century? | In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne's exposure to " plein air" painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.
However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce, reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery's (1907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography of Ireland's Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nascet Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp, the national symbol of independent Ireland.
In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen's. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World WarⅠ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century. | 3970.txt | 0 |
[
"Sir John Lavery",
"Sir William Orpen",
"Beatrice Elvery",
"Se Keating"
]
| It is implied _ was least influenced by the contemporary art of Frence. | In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne's exposure to " plein air" painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.
However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce, reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery's (1907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography of Ireland's Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nascet Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp, the national symbol of independent Ireland.
In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen's. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World WarⅠ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century. | 3970.txt | 0 |
[
"Yeats' paintings differed significantly in subject matter from those of his contemporaries in Ireland.",
"Yeats reacted to the realism of his contemporary artists by invoking nineteenth-century naturalism in his own painting style.",
"Yeats avoided religious and mythological themes in favor of mundane portrayals of Irish life.",
"Yeats built upon the realism painting tradition, elevating it to unprecedented artistic heights."
]
| Which of the following best explains the author's use of the word " counterpoint" in referring to Yeats? | In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne's exposure to " plein air" painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.
However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce, reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery's (1907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography of Ireland's Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nascet Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp, the national symbol of independent Ireland.
In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen's. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World WarⅠ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century. | 3970.txt | 0 |
[
"Irish painters of the early twentieth century tended to romanticize the harsh reality of war",
"for a time painters from each school influenced painters from the other school",
"Yeats was influenced by both the romantic and realist schools of Irish painting",
"the transition in Irish painting from one predominant style to the other was not an abrupt one"
]
| The author points out the coexistence of romanticism and realism most probably in order to show that _ . | In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne's exposure to " plein air" painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.
However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce, reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery's (1907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography of Ireland's Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nascet Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp, the national symbol of independent Ireland.
In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen's. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World WarⅠ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century. | 3970.txt | 3 |
[
"The Role of Celtic Mythology in Irish Painting",
"Who Deserves Credit for the Preeminence of Yeats among Irish Painters",
"Realism vs. Romanticism: Ireland's Struggle for National Identity",
"Irish Paintings: Reflections of an Emerging Independent State"
]
| The most likely topic of the paragraph followed is _ . | In the past century Irish painting has changes from a British-influenced lyrical tradition to an art that evokes the ruggedness and roots of an Irish Celtic past. At the turn of the twentieth century Irish painters, including notables Walter Frederick Osborne and Sir William Orpen, looked elsewhere for influence. Osborne's exposure to " plein air" painting deeply impacted his stylistic development; and Orpen allied himself with a group of English artists, while at the same time participated in the French avant-garde experiment, both as painter and teacher.
However, nationalist energies were beginning to coalesce, reviving interest in Irish culture-including Irish visual arts. Beatrice Elvery's (1907), a landmark achievement, merged the devotional simplicity of fifteenth-century Italian painting with the iconography of Ireland's Celtic past, linking the history of Irish Catholicism with the still-nascet Irish republic. And, although also captivated by the French plein air school, Sir John Lavery invoked the mythology of his native land for a 1928 commission to paint the central figure for the bank note of the new Irish Free State. Lavery chose as this figure, with her arm on a Celtic harp, the national symbol of independent Ireland.
In Irish painting from about 1910, memories of Edwardian romanticism coexisted with a new sense of realism,exemplified by the paintings of Paul Henry and Se Keating, a student of Orpen's. realism also crept into the work of Edwardians Lavery and Orpen, both of whom made paintings depicting World WarⅠ,Lavery with a distanced Victorian nobility, Orpen closer to the front, revealing a more sinister and realistic vision. Meanwhile, counterpoint to the Edwardians and realists came Jack B. Yeats, whose travels throughout the rugged and more authentically Irish West led him to depict subjects ranging from street scenes in Dublin to boxing matches and funerals. Fusing close observations of Irish life and icons with an Irish identity in a new way, Yeats changed the face of Irish painting and became the most important Irishartist of his century. | 3970.txt | 3 |
[
"to test whether smoking has a positive effect on the mental capacity of smokers",
"to show how smoking damages people's mental capacity",
"to prove that smoking affects people's regular performance",
"to find out whether smoking helps people's short-term memory"
]
| The purpose of George Spilich's experiments is _ . | Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins" He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity." | 3035.txt | 0 |
[
"compel the subjects to separate major information from minor details",
"put the subjects through increasingly complex tests",
"check the effectiveness of nicotine on smokers",
"register the prompt responses of the subjects"
]
| George Spilich's experiment was conducted in such a way as to _ . | Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins" He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity." | 3035.txt | 1 |
[
"beat",
"envied",
"caught up with",
"made the best of"
]
| The word "bested" (Line 3, Para. 5) most probably means _ . | Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins" He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity." | 3035.txt | 0 |
[
"Active smokers in general performed better than deprived smokers.",
"Active smokers responded more quickly than the other subjects.",
"Non-smokers were not better than other subjects in performing simple tasks.",
"Deprived smokers gave the slowest responses to the various tasks."
]
| Which of the following statements is true? | Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins" He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity." | 3035.txt | 2 |
[
"smokers should not expect to become airline pilots",
"smoking in emergency cases causes mental illness",
"no airline pilots smoke during flights",
"smokers may prove unequal to handing emergency cases"
]
| We can infer from the last paragraph that _ . | Psychologist George Spilich and colleagues at Washington College in Chestertown, Maryland, decided to find out whether, as many smokers say, smoking helps them to "think and concentrate. Spilich put young non-smokers, active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests.
In the first test, each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a target letter among a grouping of 96. In this simple test, smokers, deprived smokers and non-smokers performed equally well.
The next test was more complex, requiring all to scan sequences of 20 identical letters and respond the instant one of the letters transformed into a different one. Non-smokers were faster, but under the stimulation of nicotine, active smokers were faster than deprived smokers.
In the third test of short-term memory, non-smokers made the fewest errors, but deprived smokers committed fewer errors than active smokers.
The fourth test required people to read a passage, then answer questions about it. Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers, and deprived smokers bested those who had smoked a cigarette just before testing. Active smokers tended not only to have poorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from insignificant details.
"As our tests became more complex," sums up Spilich, "non-smokers performed better than smokers by wider and wider margins" He predicts, "smokers might perform adequately at many jobs-until they got complicated. A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose, but if something went wrong, smoking might damage his mental capacity." | 3035.txt | 3 |
[
"making new friends at first",
"studying at her new school",
"joining the Babysitters Club",
"looking after children for others"
]
| Stacy had some trouble _ . | Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut. It was hard for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to take care of little children whose parents were busy. Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other members of the club. The girls met at five o'clock on Fridays and waited for the phone to ring. So far they had been busy, in spite of the fact that they couldn't stay out late and were under 13.
Suddenly, the girls' world was invaded (） by a second group calling themselves the Babysitting Agency. They were older and the group also included a few boys. The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to compete with the older group. They could clean and work for less money, however, they knew it would be difficult to compete. The shock was even greater than they had expected when most of their best customers started to call the new group. They seemed to get only a few jobs.
To try a new policy, Kristy recruited (） a few older kids who told the club they didn't want to share their money with the other group. The club found out only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies (） and didn't show up for their job assignments. Thus, more parents were unhappy with the club. Finally, the girls realized that the kids in the other group were not good babysitters. They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house where they were sitting. When the children of the families started to complain, and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening. | 3572.txt | 0 |
[
"met on Friday evenings for discussion",
"probably did their part-time job on weekends",
"were not allowed to go out at night",
"made phone calls on Fridays"
]
| The girls of the Babysitters Club _ . | Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut. It was hard for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to take care of little children whose parents were busy. Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other members of the club. The girls met at five o'clock on Fridays and waited for the phone to ring. So far they had been busy, in spite of the fact that they couldn't stay out late and were under 13.
Suddenly, the girls' world was invaded (） by a second group calling themselves the Babysitting Agency. They were older and the group also included a few boys. The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to compete with the older group. They could clean and work for less money, however, they knew it would be difficult to compete. The shock was even greater than they had expected when most of their best customers started to call the new group. They seemed to get only a few jobs.
To try a new policy, Kristy recruited (） a few older kids who told the club they didn't want to share their money with the other group. The club found out only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies (） and didn't show up for their job assignments. Thus, more parents were unhappy with the club. Finally, the girls realized that the kids in the other group were not good babysitters. They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house where they were sitting. When the children of the families started to complain, and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening. | 3572.txt | 1 |
[
"they were inexperienced",
"they didn't have good customers",
"there were no boys in their club",
"they asked for more money"
]
| The girls found it difficult to compete with the Babysitters Agency probably because _ . | Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut. It was hard for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to take care of little children whose parents were busy. Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other members of the club. The girls met at five o'clock on Fridays and waited for the phone to ring. So far they had been busy, in spite of the fact that they couldn't stay out late and were under 13.
Suddenly, the girls' world was invaded (） by a second group calling themselves the Babysitting Agency. They were older and the group also included a few boys. The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to compete with the older group. They could clean and work for less money, however, they knew it would be difficult to compete. The shock was even greater than they had expected when most of their best customers started to call the new group. They seemed to get only a few jobs.
To try a new policy, Kristy recruited (） a few older kids who told the club they didn't want to share their money with the other group. The club found out only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies (） and didn't show up for their job assignments. Thus, more parents were unhappy with the club. Finally, the girls realized that the kids in the other group were not good babysitters. They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house where they were sitting. When the children of the families started to complain, and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening. | 3572.txt | 0 |
[
"they did not want to give the agency some of the money they made",
"they were not happy there",
"they wanted to destroy the club",
"the club was recruiting new members"
]
| Some older kids left the Babysitters Agency to join the Babysitters Club because _ . | Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut. It was hard for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to take care of little children whose parents were busy. Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other members of the club. The girls met at five o'clock on Fridays and waited for the phone to ring. So far they had been busy, in spite of the fact that they couldn't stay out late and were under 13.
Suddenly, the girls' world was invaded (） by a second group calling themselves the Babysitting Agency. They were older and the group also included a few boys. The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to compete with the older group. They could clean and work for less money, however, they knew it would be difficult to compete. The shock was even greater than they had expected when most of their best customers started to call the new group. They seemed to get only a few jobs.
To try a new policy, Kristy recruited (） a few older kids who told the club they didn't want to share their money with the other group. The club found out only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies (） and didn't show up for their job assignments. Thus, more parents were unhappy with the club. Finally, the girls realized that the kids in the other group were not good babysitters. They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house where they were sitting. When the children of the families started to complain, and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening. | 3572.txt | 2 |
[
"the boys of agency",
"the older girls who joined the club",
"the children",
"the girls' boyfriends"
]
| According to the passage, after the girls learned what was happening, they went to tell the parents of _ . | Stacy had recently moved from New York City to Stoneybrook, Connecticut. It was hard for her to make new friends but she finally had three when she joined the Babysitters Club to take care of little children whose parents were busy. Claudia, Kristy, and Mary were in her class at school and also the other members of the club. The girls met at five o'clock on Fridays and waited for the phone to ring. So far they had been busy, in spite of the fact that they couldn't stay out late and were under 13.
Suddenly, the girls' world was invaded (） by a second group calling themselves the Babysitting Agency. They were older and the group also included a few boys. The Babysitters Club tried to think of ways to compete with the older group. They could clean and work for less money, however, they knew it would be difficult to compete. The shock was even greater than they had expected when most of their best customers started to call the new group. They seemed to get only a few jobs.
To try a new policy, Kristy recruited (） a few older kids who told the club they didn't want to share their money with the other group. The club found out only too quickly that these older girls joined only as spies (） and didn't show up for their job assignments. Thus, more parents were unhappy with the club. Finally, the girls realized that the kids in the other group were not good babysitters. They watched television, talked on the phone, and invited boyfriends to the house where they were sitting. When the children of the families started to complain, and a near accident almost occurred, the club went to the parents to tell them what was happening. | 3572.txt | 2 |
[
"discuss traveling in other countries",
"distinguish between passports and visas",
"discuss the financial uses of a passport",
"provide information about passports"
]
| The main purpose of this passage is to_. | Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.
In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.
When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.
Don't confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.
Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures. | 2266.txt | 3 |
[
"exchanging currency",
"using a credit card",
"checking into hotels",
"all of the above"
]
| Passports are beneficial for_. | Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.
In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.
When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.
Don't confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.
Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures. | 2266.txt | 3 |
[
"passports are more important than visas",
"visas and passports are the same thing",
"foreign government issue visas instead of passports",
"visas are required to obtain passports"
]
| We can conclude from the passage that_. | Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.
In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.
When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.
Don't confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.
Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures. | 2266.txt | 1 |
[
"Most people don't realize how important passports are",
"passports aren't important once you are in the country you've chosen to visit",
"passports are simple to obtain through the mail",
"passports are obtained at the embassy once you enter a country."
]
| The passage suggests that_. | Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.
In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.
When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.
Don't confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.
Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures. | 2266.txt | 0 |
[
"foreign",
"legal",
"monetary",
"illegal"
]
| As used in this passage, the word ―valid‖ in the second paragraph means_. | Your passport is your official identification as an American citizen. In American, most people never consider obtaining a passport unless they are planning a trip out of the country. In Europe, where travel from one country to another is much more common, almost everyone carries a pass- port. A passport is final proof of identity in almost every county in the world.
In 1979 almost 15 million American held passports. Most of these passports were obtained to travel outside the country because, except for a few Western nations, passports are required to enter every country. And if you travel abroad, you must have a valid passport to return the country.
When traveling abroad, you will need a passport for identification when exchanging dollars for francs or marks or other foreign currency. You may also need your passport to use a credit card, buy an airplane ticket or check into a hotel. As a passport is an official U.S. document, it is valuable as identification in any emergency overseas, such as floods, fires or war.
Don't confuse passports and visas. (83)Whereas a passport is issued by a country to its citizens, a visa is official permission to visit a country granted by the government of that country. For some years, many countries were dropping their visa requirements, but that trend has reversed. They may be obtained from the embassy of the country you wish to visit.
Passport applications are available at passport agency offices in large cities like Boston, New York, or Chicago. In smaller cities, applications are available at post offices and at federal courts. To get your first passport, you must submit the application in person, along with a birth certificate and two pictures. | 2266.txt | 1 |
[
"The exhibition is intended to mark Remi's creation of Tintin.",
"Tintin at Sea is a new collection that is promoted in the exhibition.",
"Remi. the Belgian cartoonist, attends the exhibition with his dog.",
"The exhibition, which lasted five months, has just ended."
]
| What can we learn about the exhibition in London? | The world-famous Belgian has arrived in Britain with his equally famous dog for a five-month stay-nearly 70years after his first visit. Tintin, the eternally youthful reporter who only was ever known to file one story in all his adventures. is celebrating his 75th birthday this year with a new exhibition at London's National Maritime Museum.
Tintin at Sea is a collection of original drawings by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi-more commonly known as Herge which was the French-speaking pronunciation of his reversed initial RG-and some of the artifacts and models that inspired him.
"Herge had a lifelong fascination with the sea and was above all a person who insisted on detail," the museum's director Roy Clare told reporters at a preview of the exhibition which opens to the public on Wednesday and runs to September 5。
Tintin, with his trademark quiff and plus-four trousers. traveled all over the world on adventures that took him and his white terrier known as Snowy in English and Milou in French from Tibet to America and Iceland to Africa.
Books of his adventures have been translated int0 60 languages and have sold 200 million copies since the comic strip character first saw the light of day in 1929.
Although the stories took Tintin and his irascible companion Captain Haddock as far as the moon, the sea is a recurring theme, in stories such as The Crab with the Golden Claws. Red Rackham's Treasure and The Secrets of the Unicorn.
Herge. who only traveled widely after the success of his creation, was a self-taught artist. He stayed in Belgium through World War Two and was accused and cleared of collaboration immediately afterwards, although be suffered a period of being an exile as a result. He was also accused of racism in some of Tintin's earlier adventures.
The reporter only once travelled to Britain, in the story The Black Isle, published in 1938.
"Here you have four famous Belgians." Joren Vandeweyer, the country's cultural attache ( ) to Britain. told reporters. "Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and of course Herge himself. back after 66 years." | 179.txt | 0 |
[
"inexperienced",
"inefficient",
"adventurous",
"courageous"
]
| Being a reporter, Tintin can best be described as a(n) _ one. | The world-famous Belgian has arrived in Britain with his equally famous dog for a five-month stay-nearly 70years after his first visit. Tintin, the eternally youthful reporter who only was ever known to file one story in all his adventures. is celebrating his 75th birthday this year with a new exhibition at London's National Maritime Museum.
Tintin at Sea is a collection of original drawings by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi-more commonly known as Herge which was the French-speaking pronunciation of his reversed initial RG-and some of the artifacts and models that inspired him.
"Herge had a lifelong fascination with the sea and was above all a person who insisted on detail," the museum's director Roy Clare told reporters at a preview of the exhibition which opens to the public on Wednesday and runs to September 5。
Tintin, with his trademark quiff and plus-four trousers. traveled all over the world on adventures that took him and his white terrier known as Snowy in English and Milou in French from Tibet to America and Iceland to Africa.
Books of his adventures have been translated int0 60 languages and have sold 200 million copies since the comic strip character first saw the light of day in 1929.
Although the stories took Tintin and his irascible companion Captain Haddock as far as the moon, the sea is a recurring theme, in stories such as The Crab with the Golden Claws. Red Rackham's Treasure and The Secrets of the Unicorn.
Herge. who only traveled widely after the success of his creation, was a self-taught artist. He stayed in Belgium through World War Two and was accused and cleared of collaboration immediately afterwards, although be suffered a period of being an exile as a result. He was also accused of racism in some of Tintin's earlier adventures.
The reporter only once travelled to Britain, in the story The Black Isle, published in 1938.
"Here you have four famous Belgians." Joren Vandeweyer, the country's cultural attache ( ) to Britain. told reporters. "Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and of course Herge himself. back after 66 years." | 179.txt | 1 |
[
"Tintin had extended his adventure from the earth to the outer space.",
"Tintin had been to Milou. Tibet and Iceland for adventure.",
"Snowy was Tincin's most faithful companion during his adventures.",
"Captain Haddock hadn't joined Tintin's adventures at sea."
]
| Which of the following is true about Tintin's adventures? | The world-famous Belgian has arrived in Britain with his equally famous dog for a five-month stay-nearly 70years after his first visit. Tintin, the eternally youthful reporter who only was ever known to file one story in all his adventures. is celebrating his 75th birthday this year with a new exhibition at London's National Maritime Museum.
Tintin at Sea is a collection of original drawings by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi-more commonly known as Herge which was the French-speaking pronunciation of his reversed initial RG-and some of the artifacts and models that inspired him.
"Herge had a lifelong fascination with the sea and was above all a person who insisted on detail," the museum's director Roy Clare told reporters at a preview of the exhibition which opens to the public on Wednesday and runs to September 5。
Tintin, with his trademark quiff and plus-four trousers. traveled all over the world on adventures that took him and his white terrier known as Snowy in English and Milou in French from Tibet to America and Iceland to Africa.
Books of his adventures have been translated int0 60 languages and have sold 200 million copies since the comic strip character first saw the light of day in 1929.
Although the stories took Tintin and his irascible companion Captain Haddock as far as the moon, the sea is a recurring theme, in stories such as The Crab with the Golden Claws. Red Rackham's Treasure and The Secrets of the Unicorn.
Herge. who only traveled widely after the success of his creation, was a self-taught artist. He stayed in Belgium through World War Two and was accused and cleared of collaboration immediately afterwards, although be suffered a period of being an exile as a result. He was also accused of racism in some of Tintin's earlier adventures.
The reporter only once travelled to Britain, in the story The Black Isle, published in 1938.
"Here you have four famous Belgians." Joren Vandeweyer, the country's cultural attache ( ) to Britain. told reporters. "Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and of course Herge himself. back after 66 years." | 179.txt | 0 |
[
"He was exiled for being accused of treason and racism.",
"He worked with other cartoonists on Tintin's adventures.",
"He was forced to leave Belgian for some time.",
"He criticized racism through Tintin's adventures."
]
| What happened to Herge during World War Two? | The world-famous Belgian has arrived in Britain with his equally famous dog for a five-month stay-nearly 70years after his first visit. Tintin, the eternally youthful reporter who only was ever known to file one story in all his adventures. is celebrating his 75th birthday this year with a new exhibition at London's National Maritime Museum.
Tintin at Sea is a collection of original drawings by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi-more commonly known as Herge which was the French-speaking pronunciation of his reversed initial RG-and some of the artifacts and models that inspired him.
"Herge had a lifelong fascination with the sea and was above all a person who insisted on detail," the museum's director Roy Clare told reporters at a preview of the exhibition which opens to the public on Wednesday and runs to September 5。
Tintin, with his trademark quiff and plus-four trousers. traveled all over the world on adventures that took him and his white terrier known as Snowy in English and Milou in French from Tibet to America and Iceland to Africa.
Books of his adventures have been translated int0 60 languages and have sold 200 million copies since the comic strip character first saw the light of day in 1929.
Although the stories took Tintin and his irascible companion Captain Haddock as far as the moon, the sea is a recurring theme, in stories such as The Crab with the Golden Claws. Red Rackham's Treasure and The Secrets of the Unicorn.
Herge. who only traveled widely after the success of his creation, was a self-taught artist. He stayed in Belgium through World War Two and was accused and cleared of collaboration immediately afterwards, although be suffered a period of being an exile as a result. He was also accused of racism in some of Tintin's earlier adventures.
The reporter only once travelled to Britain, in the story The Black Isle, published in 1938.
"Here you have four famous Belgians." Joren Vandeweyer, the country's cultural attache ( ) to Britain. told reporters. "Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and of course Herge himself. back after 66 years." | 179.txt | 2 |
[
"right after he had earned global fame",
"for the first exhibition 66 years ago",
"before the first English Tintin story",
"in one of Herge's stories"
]
| Tiritin made his earliest visit to Britain _ . | The world-famous Belgian has arrived in Britain with his equally famous dog for a five-month stay-nearly 70years after his first visit. Tintin, the eternally youthful reporter who only was ever known to file one story in all his adventures. is celebrating his 75th birthday this year with a new exhibition at London's National Maritime Museum.
Tintin at Sea is a collection of original drawings by Belgian cartoonist Georges Remi-more commonly known as Herge which was the French-speaking pronunciation of his reversed initial RG-and some of the artifacts and models that inspired him.
"Herge had a lifelong fascination with the sea and was above all a person who insisted on detail," the museum's director Roy Clare told reporters at a preview of the exhibition which opens to the public on Wednesday and runs to September 5。
Tintin, with his trademark quiff and plus-four trousers. traveled all over the world on adventures that took him and his white terrier known as Snowy in English and Milou in French from Tibet to America and Iceland to Africa.
Books of his adventures have been translated int0 60 languages and have sold 200 million copies since the comic strip character first saw the light of day in 1929.
Although the stories took Tintin and his irascible companion Captain Haddock as far as the moon, the sea is a recurring theme, in stories such as The Crab with the Golden Claws. Red Rackham's Treasure and The Secrets of the Unicorn.
Herge. who only traveled widely after the success of his creation, was a self-taught artist. He stayed in Belgium through World War Two and was accused and cleared of collaboration immediately afterwards, although be suffered a period of being an exile as a result. He was also accused of racism in some of Tintin's earlier adventures.
The reporter only once travelled to Britain, in the story The Black Isle, published in 1938.
"Here you have four famous Belgians." Joren Vandeweyer, the country's cultural attache ( ) to Britain. told reporters. "Tintin, Snowy, Captain Haddock and of course Herge himself. back after 66 years." | 179.txt | 3 |
[
"there is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates",
"economy will always follow certain models",
"the economic situation is better than expected",
"economists had foreseen the present economic situation"
]
| From the passage we learn that . | Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes," makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. | 1209.txt | 2 |
[
"Making monetary policies is comparable to driving a car",
"An extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation",
"A high unemployment rate will result from inflation",
"Interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy"
]
| According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? | Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes," makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. | 1209.txt | 1 |
[
"the low inflation rate will last for some time",
"the inflation rate will soon rise",
"the inflation will disappear quickly",
"there is no inflation at present"
]
| The sentence "This is no flash in the pan" (Line 5, Paragraph 3) means that . | Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes," makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. | 1209.txt | 0 |
[
"critical of",
"puzzled by",
"disappointed at",
"amazed at"
]
| The passage shows that the author is | Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" or "a touch on the brakes," makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence the analogy that likens the conduct of monetary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.
Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America's inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America's, have little productive slack. America's capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment -- the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.
Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation. | 1209.txt | 3 |
[
"unusual",
"first",
"standard",
"large"
]
| The word 'unique' in line 2 most nearly means_ . | Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education. The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is not administered by the government , but rather by committees of educators and private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Society of Engineers.
Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U.S.,a student should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that the school has a recoginized standard of organization,instruction,and financial support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.
If a college is accredited,catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the accreditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school,don't hesitate to check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U.S. embassy. | 1652.txt | 0 |
[
"Write to the school",
"Write to the U.S.Ministry of Education",
"Register to study at the school",
"Consult a U.S. embassy offical"
]
| What school students do in order to check the accreditation of a school that may interest them? | Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education. The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is not administered by the government , but rather by committees of educators and private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Society of Engineers.
Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U.S.,a student should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that the school has a recoginized standard of organization,instruction,and financial support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.
If a college is accredited,catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the accreditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school,don't hesitate to check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U.S. embassy. | 1652.txt | 3 |
[
"does not coffer degree",
"may close because of financial disorganization",
"is administered by the government",
"is better than an accredited school"
]
| From this passage, it may be concluded that an unaccredited school_ . | Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education. The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is not administered by the government , but rather by committees of educators and private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Society of Engineers.
Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U.S.,a student should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that the school has a recoginized standard of organization,instruction,and financial support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.
If a college is accredited,catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the accreditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school,don't hesitate to check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U.S. embassy. | 1652.txt | 1 |
[
"studying in the untied states",
"accreditation",
"how to find the best school",
"the middle states association of colleges and secondary schools"
]
| The title that best expresses the ideas in this passage is _ . | Accreditation is a system for setting national standards of quality in education. The United States is unique in the would because its accreditation system is not administered by the government , but rather by committees of educators and private agencies, like the Middle States Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools and the Society of Engineers.
Before registering to study in any educational institution in the U.S.,a student should make certain that the institution is accredited in order to assure that the school has a recoginized standard of organization,instruction,and financial support. Foreign students should be particularly careful to check an institution's accreditation because other governments or future employers may not recognize a degree earned from a school that has not recevied accreditation.
If a college is accredited,catalogues and brochures will usually indicate the accreditation status. If you are not sure about a certain school,don't hesitate to check its requtation with an education officer at the nearest U.S. embassy. | 1652.txt | 1 |
[
"To complain about a broken toy.",
"To oppose the advertising.",
"To order a gift for Chrisman.",
"To apply for a job in a toy company."
]
| What is the purpose the letter? | Suite 15
TransAm Building
November 20, 2008
Dear Sirs,
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro-Rain seen in local media is California. So Schally, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached this letter) and had the week of November 15.
Children to your type of advertising in an immature way; that they shamble to understand how expensive some toys are for middle-class parent. Further, you product is violent in nature. Youth advertisement gives children the impression that it's fine to have "two guns and laser eyes." You also suggest that children need your toy protect them "when you go outside." This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.
I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may our children.
Sincerely yours,
(Mrs. ) Alma Hernandez
Enc
It's here! Heady for You, Now! It's Electro-Robo!
Every lay dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true Electro-R0ho is the world's first fully autocratic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, Electro-Robo is like a friend at home, He can walk, talk, and even shake your had! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him , Every boy needs Electro-Robo !
Ask your Mom and Dad to buy Electro-Robo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, Electro-Robo!
Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! | 3504.txt | 1 |
[
"It is control to radio water.",
"It is expensive to buy.",
"It is 80 centimeter",
"It bears arms."
]
| Why does the writer of the letter that Electro-Robo is violent? | Suite 15
TransAm Building
November 20, 2008
Dear Sirs,
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro-Rain seen in local media is California. So Schally, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached this letter) and had the week of November 15.
Children to your type of advertising in an immature way; that they shamble to understand how expensive some toys are for middle-class parent. Further, you product is violent in nature. Youth advertisement gives children the impression that it's fine to have "two guns and laser eyes." You also suggest that children need your toy protect them "when you go outside." This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.
I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may our children.
Sincerely yours,
(Mrs. ) Alma Hernandez
Enc
It's here! Heady for You, Now! It's Electro-Robo!
Every lay dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true Electro-R0ho is the world's first fully autocratic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, Electro-Robo is like a friend at home, He can walk, talk, and even shake your had! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him , Every boy needs Electro-Robo !
Ask your Mom and Dad to buy Electro-Robo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, Electro-Robo!
Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! | 3504.txt | 3 |
[
"Something attached to the letter.",
"A complaint to the toy company.",
"A hidden message",
"An encouraging response."
]
| What dose "End" at the end of the letter mean? | Suite 15
TransAm Building
November 20, 2008
Dear Sirs,
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro-Rain seen in local media is California. So Schally, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached this letter) and had the week of November 15.
Children to your type of advertising in an immature way; that they shamble to understand how expensive some toys are for middle-class parent. Further, you product is violent in nature. Youth advertisement gives children the impression that it's fine to have "two guns and laser eyes." You also suggest that children need your toy protect them "when you go outside." This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.
I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may our children.
Sincerely yours,
(Mrs. ) Alma Hernandez
Enc
It's here! Heady for You, Now! It's Electro-Robo!
Every lay dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true Electro-R0ho is the world's first fully autocratic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, Electro-Robo is like a friend at home, He can walk, talk, and even shake your had! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him , Every boy needs Electro-Robo !
Ask your Mom and Dad to buy Electro-Robo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, Electro-Robo!
Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! | 3504.txt | 0 |
[
"sitting down",
"shaking hands",
"talking",
"walking"
]
| Electro-Robo can do all the following EXCEPT. | Suite 15
TransAm Building
November 20, 2008
Dear Sirs,
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro-Rain seen in local media is California. So Schally, I am referring to newspaper and magazine ads (attached this letter) and had the week of November 15.
Children to your type of advertising in an immature way; that they shamble to understand how expensive some toys are for middle-class parent. Further, you product is violent in nature. Youth advertisement gives children the impression that it's fine to have "two guns and laser eyes." You also suggest that children need your toy protect them "when you go outside." This is not a healthy attitude for children to have.
I hope you will stop advertising your product in such a way that may our children.
Sincerely yours,
(Mrs. ) Alma Hernandez
Enc
It's here! Heady for You, Now! It's Electro-Robo!
Every lay dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true Electro-R0ho is the world's first fully autocratic robot with radio control. Standing 80 centimeters tall, Electro-Robo is like a friend at home, He can walk, talk, and even shake your had! He has two guns and laser eyes to help you defend yourself when you go outside with him , Every boy needs Electro-Robo !
Ask your Mom and Dad to buy Electro-Robo for your birthday or for Christmas, which is coming up soon Imagine that you are in control of your friend for life, Electro-Robo!
Available at all toy stores and department stores NOW! | 3504.txt | 0 |
[
"At a meeting",
"In a college",
"At home",
"In a restaurant"
]
| Where was Douglas talking about Lincoln's low position in life? | One day, President Lincoln went to a party, At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeatedly talking about Lincoln's low position in life and saying that he first met Lincoln when he was a shop assistant at a village shop. Finally he said, "And Mr. Lincoln was a very good waiter too."
People burst into laughter, but they quieted down when Mr. Lincoln said quietly.
"Gentlemen, what Mr. Douglas has said is true. I did keep a grocery , and I did sell cotton, candles and cigars, and sometimes whisky. But I remember that in those days Mr. Douglas was one of my best customers. I often stood on one side of the counter and sold whisky to Mr. Douglas on the other side, but the difference between us now is： I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever." | 1224.txt | 0 |
[
"Because he was friendly to Lincoln.",
"Because Lincoln was an example to show that an American of low position in life can become President of the U. S.",
"Because he wanted others to look down upon Lincoln.",
"Because he wanted to tell other people about Lincoln's honesty as a shop assistant."
]
| Why was Douglas repeatedly talking about Lincoln's low position in life? | One day, President Lincoln went to a party, At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeatedly talking about Lincoln's low position in life and saying that he first met Lincoln when he was a shop assistant at a village shop. Finally he said, "And Mr. Lincoln was a very good waiter too."
People burst into laughter, but they quieted down when Mr. Lincoln said quietly.
"Gentlemen, what Mr. Douglas has said is true. I did keep a grocery , and I did sell cotton, candles and cigars, and sometimes whisky. But I remember that in those days Mr. Douglas was one of my best customers. I often stood on one side of the counter and sold whisky to Mr. Douglas on the other side, but the difference between us now is： I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever." | 1224.txt | 2 |
[
"He won it by telling of his low position in life in his early days.",
"He won it by telling of his high position in life in his early days.",
"He won it by saying Douglas was telling lies.",
"He won it by comparing his present position with Douglas."
]
| How did Lincoln win the oral competition? | One day, President Lincoln went to a party, At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeatedly talking about Lincoln's low position in life and saying that he first met Lincoln when he was a shop assistant at a village shop. Finally he said, "And Mr. Lincoln was a very good waiter too."
People burst into laughter, but they quieted down when Mr. Lincoln said quietly.
"Gentlemen, what Mr. Douglas has said is true. I did keep a grocery , and I did sell cotton, candles and cigars, and sometimes whisky. But I remember that in those days Mr. Douglas was one of my best customers. I often stood on one side of the counter and sold whisky to Mr. Douglas on the other side, but the difference between us now is： I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever." | 1224.txt | 3 |
[
"Douglas was still talking about Lincoln's low position in life.",
"Douglas was still standing on the other side of the counter.",
"Douglas remained a drunkard and had not changed a bit.",
"Douglas kept on going to gatherings and talking a lot."
]
| What do you suppose the sentence "Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever means?" | One day, President Lincoln went to a party, At the gathering, a man called Douglas was repeatedly talking about Lincoln's low position in life and saying that he first met Lincoln when he was a shop assistant at a village shop. Finally he said, "And Mr. Lincoln was a very good waiter too."
People burst into laughter, but they quieted down when Mr. Lincoln said quietly.
"Gentlemen, what Mr. Douglas has said is true. I did keep a grocery , and I did sell cotton, candles and cigars, and sometimes whisky. But I remember that in those days Mr. Douglas was one of my best customers. I often stood on one side of the counter and sold whisky to Mr. Douglas on the other side, but the difference between us now is： I have left my side of the counter, but Mr. Douglas still sticks to his as firmly as ever." | 1224.txt | 2 |
[
"it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today",
"computer crimes are the one of most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions",
"computer criminals can escape punishment because they can't be detected",
"people commit computer crimes at the request of their company"
]
| It can be concluded from the passage that . | More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 2648.txt | 1 |
[
"many more computer crimes go undetected than are discovered",
"the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem",
"most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes",
"most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck"
]
| It is implied in the third paragraph that . | More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 2648.txt | 0 |
[
"A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced.",
"Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information.",
"Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation.",
"Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes."
]
| Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? | More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 2648.txt | 3 |
[
"they have skills formidably difficult for others to master",
"the employers are afraid that they would take avenge if punished",
"the employers are much afraid of bringing the public into disbelief towards them through the criminals words in open court",
"those who commit crimes do not mean bad"
]
| The underlying reason for the computer criminals to get recommendations he needs is that . | More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 2648.txt | 2 |
[
"With bad reputation they can hardly find another job.",
"They will be denied access to confidential records.",
"They may walk away and easily find another job.",
"They must leave the country or go to jail."
]
| What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? | More and more, the operations of our business, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.
It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing, but even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 2648.txt | 2 |
[
"Two",
"Three",
"Four",
"Five"
]
| How many new materials are mentioned in this passage? | Superconducting Materials
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material scienceonce the least sexy technologyis bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new materials is researchers'increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel.
A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High -strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass.
Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compoundsmade the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman' s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future. | 175.txt | 1 |
[
"To compare them with the new materials.",
"To show the significance of the new materials on the future world.",
"To compare the new materials to them.",
"To explain his view point."
]
| Why does the author mention genetic engineering and computer science? | Superconducting Materials
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material scienceonce the least sexy technologyis bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new materials is researchers'increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel.
A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High -strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass.
Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compoundsmade the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman' s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future. | 175.txt | 1 |
[
"Because transition requires money and time.",
"Because many manufacturers are unwilling to change their equipment.",
"Because research on new materials is very difficult.",
"Because it takes 10 years."
]
| Why is transition difficult? | Superconducting Materials
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material scienceonce the least sexy technologyis bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new materials is researchers'increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel.
A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High -strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass.
Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compoundsmade the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman' s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future. | 175.txt | 0 |
[
"It lies in research.",
"It lies in investment.",
"It lies in innovation.",
"It lies in application."
]
| Where lies success of a country in the New Age of superstuff? | Superconducting Materials
The stone age, The Iron Age. Entire epochs have been named for materials. So what to call the decades ahead? The choice will be tough. Welcome to the age of superstuff. Material scienceonce the least sexy technologyis bursting with new, practical discoveries led by superconducting ceramics that may revolutionize electronics.
But superconductors are just part of the picture: from house and cars to cook pots and artificial teeth, the world will someday be made of different stuff. Exotic plastics, glass and ceramics will shape the future just as surely as have genetic engineering and computer science. The key to the new materials is researchers'increasing ability to manipulate substances at the molecular level.
Ceramics, for example, have long been limited by their brittleness. But by minimizing the microscopic imperfections that cause it, scientists are making far stronger ceramics that still retain such qualities as hardness and heat resistance. Ford Motor Co. now uses ceramic tools to cut steel.
A firm called Kyocera has created a line of ceramic scissors and knives that stay sharp for years and never rust or corrode.
A similar transformation has overtaken plastics. High -strength polymers now form bridges, ice-skating rinks and helicopter rotors. And one new plastic that generates electricity when vibrated or pushed is used in electric guitars, touch sensors for robot hands and karate jackets that automatically record each punch and chop. Even plastic litter, which once threatened to permanently blot the landscape, has proved amenable to molecular tinkering. Several manufacturers now make biodegradable forms; some plastic six-pack rings for example, gradually decompose when exposed to sunlight. Researchers are developing ways to make plastics as recyclable as metal or glass.
Besides, composites plastic reinforced with fibers of graphite or other compoundsmade the round-the-world flight of the voyager possible and have even been proved in combat: a helmet saved an infantryman' s life by deflecting two bullets in the Grenada invasion.
Some advanced materials are old standard with a new twist. The newest fiberoptic cable that carry telephone calls cross-country are made of glass so transparent that a piece of 100 miles thick is clearer than a standard window pane.
But new materials have no impact until they are made into products. And that transition could prove difficult, for switching requires lengthy research and investment. It can be said a firmer handle on how to move to commercialization will determine the success or failure of a country in the near future. | 175.txt | 3 |
[
"change women's opinions of themselves",
"show any understanding of people's feelings",
"persuade the public to buy certain products",
"meet the needs of the advertising industry"
]
| Despite recent changes in attitudes, some advertisements still fail to _ . | Until recently, women in advertisements wore one of three things-an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, "This ad degrades women." Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer?
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print mediA. is carrying out research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain.
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes-in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as in considerate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industry's apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context.
Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angry-they just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertising's use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handles. ―Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisement's tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.‖
In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. | 3931.txt | 1 |
[
"condemn the role of the housewife",
"ignore protests about advertisements",
"present a misleading image of women",
"misrepresent the activities of men"
]
| According to the writer, the commonest fault of present day advertising is to _ . | Until recently, women in advertisements wore one of three things-an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, "This ad degrades women." Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer?
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print mediA. is carrying out research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain.
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes-in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as in considerate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industry's apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context.
Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angry-they just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertising's use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handles. ―Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisement's tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.‖
In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. | 3931.txt | 2 |
[
"apathy",
"hostility",
"approbation",
"unbelief"
]
| Research suggests that the reaction of women towards misrepresentation by advertisement is _ . | Until recently, women in advertisements wore one of three things-an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, "This ad degrades women." Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer?
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print mediA. is carrying out research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain.
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes-in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as in considerate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industry's apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context.
Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angry-they just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertising's use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handles. ―Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisement's tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.‖
In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. | 3931.txt | 0 |
[
"give further emphasis to practical advice",
"change their style rather than their content",
"use male images instead of female ones",
"pay more compliments to women than before"
]
| Emma Bennett suggests that advertisement ought to _ . | Until recently, women in advertisements wore one of three things-an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, "This ad degrades women." Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer?
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print mediA. is carrying out research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain.
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes-in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as in considerate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industry's apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context.
Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angry-they just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertising's use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handles. ―Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisement's tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.‖
In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. | 3931.txt | 1 |
[
"take its job more earnestly",
"do more pioneering work",
"take notice of the public opinion",
"concentrate on the products advertised"
]
| Ultimately the advertising industry should _ . | Until recently, women in advertisements wore one of three things-an apron, a glamorous dress or a frown. Although that is now changing, many women still feel angry enough to deface offending advertisements with stickers protesting, "This ad degrades women." Why does this sort of advertising exist? How can advertisers and ad agencies produce, sometimes, after months of research, advertising that offends the consumer?
The Advertising Standards Authority (the body which deals with complaints about print mediA. is carrying out research into how women feel about the way they are portrayed in advertisements. Its conclusions are likely to be what the advertising industry already knows: although women often irritated by the way they are seen in ads, few feel strongly enough to complain.
Women are not the only victims of poor and boring stereotypes-in many TV commercials men are seen either as useless, childish oafs who are unable to perform the simplest household tasks, or as in considerate boors, permanently on the lookout for an escape to the pub. But it is women who seem to bear the brunt of the industry's apparent inability to put people into an authentic present-day context.
Yet according to Emma Bennett, executive creative director of a London advertising agency, women are not infuriated by stereotypes and sexist advertising. It tends to wash over them, they are not militant or angry-they just find it annoying or tiresome. They reluctantly accept outdated stereotypes, but heave a sigh of relief when an advertisement really gets it right. She says that it is not advertising's use of the housewife role that bothers women, but the way in which it is handles. ―Researchers have often asked the wrong questions. The most important thing is the advertisement's tone of voice. Women hate being patronized, flattered or given desperately down-to-earth commonsense advice.‖
In the end, the responsibility for good advertising must be shared between the advertiser, the advertising agency and the consumer. Advertising does not set trends but it reflects them. It is up to the consumer to tell advertisers where they fail, and until people on the receiving end take the business seriously and make their feelings known, the process of change will remain laboriously slow. | 3931.txt | 2 |
[
"It may not prove an environmental crisis at all.",
"It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.",
"Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.",
"Very little will be done to bring it under control."
]
| What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? | Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but-regardless of whether it is or isn't-we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and-without major technological breakthroughs-we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions are more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something." Consider the Kyoto Protocol . It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless. | 1533.txt | 3 |
[
"It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of.",
"It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences.",
"It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized.",
"It is an area we actually have little knowledge about."
]
| According to the author's understanding, what is Al Gore's view on global warming? | Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but-regardless of whether it is or isn't-we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and-without major technological breakthroughs-we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions are more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something." Consider the Kyoto Protocol . It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless. | 1533.txt | 2 |
[
"economic growth",
"wasteful use of energy",
"the widening gap between the rich and poor",
"the rapid advances of science and technology"
]
| Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of _ . | Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but-regardless of whether it is or isn't-we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and-without major technological breakthroughs-we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions are more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something." Consider the Kyoto Protocol . It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless. | 1533.txt | 0 |
[
"politicians have started to do something to better the situation",
"few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use",
"reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming",
"international cooperation has contributed to solving environmental problems"
]
| The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol, _ . | Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but-regardless of whether it is or isn't-we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and-without major technological breakthroughs-we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions are more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something." Consider the Kyoto Protocol . It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless. | 1533.txt | 1 |
[
"Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one.",
"The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.",
"The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs.",
"People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming."
]
| What is the message the author intends to convey? | Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but-regardless of whether it is or isn't-we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and-without major technological breakthroughs-we can't do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions are more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're "doing something." Consider the Kyoto Protocol . It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless. | 1533.txt | 0 |
[
"women today have developed a new role in family life",
"the birthrate is declining as a result of women‘s pursuit of careers",
"women have always been dependent on their parents even after marriage",
"children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound"
]
| It can be concluded from the passage that _ . | It would be pleasant to believe that all younggirls in the past got married for romantic reasons;but the fact is that many of them regarded marriageas their only chance to gain independence fromtheir parents, to have a provider, or to be assured ofa good place in society. A couple of generations ago,an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to lookforward to, she was more or less fated to remain withher parents or to live in some relative‘s home where she would help with the chores and thechildren. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they usedto, and an unmarried woman of twenty-eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over.Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only whenand if she chooses. As a result, today‘s women tend to marry later in life. They have fewerchildren-or none at all- if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is adecline in the birthrate.
The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. Childrenare raised differently; they spend more time with adults who are not their parents: baby sitters,day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process isa hotly debated question. Some child experts believe that young children must spend all theirtime with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind. Others think that childrenget more from a mother who spends with them ―quality time‖ (a time of fun and relaxationset aside for them)rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting. And many childpsychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than thoseraised at home. No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that thelonger the child is with the mother, the better. | 2510.txt | 1 |
[
"more and more women quit(leave) jobs to take care of their children at home",
"women today tend to marry later than they did",
"women have less time to raise children",
"more and more families remain childless"
]
| The change in women‘s attitude towards marriage results in all of the followingEXCEPT _ . | It would be pleasant to believe that all younggirls in the past got married for romantic reasons;but the fact is that many of them regarded marriageas their only chance to gain independence fromtheir parents, to have a provider, or to be assured ofa good place in society. A couple of generations ago,an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to lookforward to, she was more or less fated to remain withher parents or to live in some relative‘s home where she would help with the chores and thechildren. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they usedto, and an unmarried woman of twenty-eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over.Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only whenand if she chooses. As a result, today‘s women tend to marry later in life. They have fewerchildren-or none at all- if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is adecline in the birthrate.
The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. Childrenare raised differently; they spend more time with adults who are not their parents: baby sitters,day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process isa hotly debated question. Some child experts believe that young children must spend all theirtime with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind. Others think that childrenget more from a mother who spends with them ―quality time‖ (a time of fun and relaxationset aside for them)rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting. And many childpsychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than thoseraised at home. No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that thelonger the child is with the mother, the better. | 2510.txt | 0 |
[
"how children should be raised",
"where children should be raised",
"whether children should stay with their parents",
"how long children should stay with their parents"
]
| People have different opinions over the question as to _ . | It would be pleasant to believe that all younggirls in the past got married for romantic reasons;but the fact is that many of them regarded marriageas their only chance to gain independence fromtheir parents, to have a provider, or to be assured ofa good place in society. A couple of generations ago,an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to lookforward to, she was more or less fated to remain withher parents or to live in some relative‘s home where she would help with the chores and thechildren. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they usedto, and an unmarried woman of twenty-eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over.Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only whenand if she chooses. As a result, today‘s women tend to marry later in life. They have fewerchildren-or none at all- if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is adecline in the birthrate.
The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. Childrenare raised differently; they spend more time with adults who are not their parents: baby sitters,day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process isa hotly debated question. Some child experts believe that young children must spend all theirtime with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind. Others think that childrenget more from a mother who spends with them ―quality time‖ (a time of fun and relaxationset aside for them)rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting. And many childpsychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than thoseraised at home. No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that thelonger the child is with the mother, the better. | 2510.txt | 3 |
[
"working women should not have children",
"children should be kept in day-care centers all the time",
"young children should stay with their mother as long as possible",
"women should leave their work to look after their children at home"
]
| The author suggests that _ . | It would be pleasant to believe that all younggirls in the past got married for romantic reasons;but the fact is that many of them regarded marriageas their only chance to gain independence fromtheir parents, to have a provider, or to be assured ofa good place in society. A couple of generations ago,an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to lookforward to, she was more or less fated to remain withher parents or to live in some relative‘s home where she would help with the chores and thechildren. Not so any more. In the first place, women remain young much longer than they usedto, and an unmarried woman of twenty-eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over.Besides, since she is probably working and supporting herself, she is free to marry only whenand if she chooses. As a result, today‘s women tend to marry later in life. They have fewerchildren-or none at all- if they prefer to devote themselves to their profession. The result is adecline in the birthrate.
The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life. Childrenare raised differently; they spend more time with adults who are not their parents: baby sitters,day-care center personnel, relatives, or neighbors. Whether they gain or lose in the process isa hotly debated question. Some child experts believe that young children must spend all theirtime with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind. Others think that childrenget more from a mother who spends with them ―quality time‖ (a time of fun and relaxationset aside for them)rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting. And many childpsychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than thoseraised at home. No matter what it is, one thing about child raising to be certain of is that thelonger the child is with the mother, the better. | 2510.txt | 2 |
[
"helpful",
"strange",
"large",
"dangerous"
]
| The computer is a _ machine. | The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.
Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.
In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow. | 960.txt | 0 |
[
"a few",
"forty",
"sixty",
"eighty"
]
| The first large, modern computer was built about _ years ago. | The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.
Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.
In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow. | 960.txt | 2 |
[
"bigger",
"fewer",
"smaller",
"taller"
]
| The computers of today are _ than before. | The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.
Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.
In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow. | 960.txt | 2 |
[
"everything",
"anything",
"nothing",
"lots of things"
]
| Computers can do _ . | The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.
Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.
In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow. | 960.txt | 3 |
[
"may decide",
"must decide",
"can make",
"needn't make"
]
| The scientists of today _ how to use the computers of tomorrow. | The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus, used in China centuries ago, but the first large, modern computer was built in 1946. A computer then could do maths problems quite fast.
Today computers are used in many ways and can do many kinds of work. In a few years the computer may touch the life of everyone, even people in faraway villages.
In the last few years, there have been great changes in computers. They are getting smaller and smaller, and computing faster and faster, Many scientists agree that computers can now do many things, but they cannot do everything. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow will be like? Will computers bring good things or bad things to people? The scientists of today will have to decide how to use the computers of tomorrow. | 960.txt | 1 |
[
"deserters from sailing ships",
"Spanish ranchers",
"gold miners",
"tourists"
]
| According to this article, who were the first Californians? | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco which began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds of sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers -- then the crews deserted their ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in the bay. Within two years, California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hub of that newly-arrived population.
The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living , good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which "clang and bang" up the steep hills, and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town. | 1492.txt | 1 |
[
"attractive lifestyle, good seafood, desirable weather",
"tourist attactions, extreme seasons, cable cars",
"wagon trains, gold mining, good climate",
"cable cars, pleasant climate, flat terrain"
]
| San Francisco's appeal includes all of the following factors _ . | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco which began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds of sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers -- then the crews deserted their ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in the bay. Within two years, California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hub of that newly-arrived population.
The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living , good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which "clang and bang" up the steep hills, and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town. | 1492.txt | 0 |
[
"heavy industry",
"governmental headquarters",
"Gold mining",
"trade and tourism"
]
| San Francisco today is a thriving city because of _ . | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco which began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds of sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers -- then the crews deserted their ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in the bay. Within two years, California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hub of that newly-arrived population.
The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living , good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which "clang and bang" up the steep hills, and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town. | 1492.txt | 3 |
[
"1850",
"1852",
"1846",
"1848"
]
| In which year did California become an American state? | Asked to name their favorite city, many Amerians would select San Francisco which began as a small Spanish outpost located on a magnificent bay. The town was little more than a village serving ranchers when the United States took possession of it in 1846 during the war with Mexico.
San Francisco sprang into a city overnight because of the nearby discovery of gold in 1848. A great rush to California took place. Wagon trains plodded their dangerous way across 2000 miles of prairie and mountains, while hundreds of sailing vessels made the equally hazardous trip around the Horn. The vessels disgorged thousands of passengers -- then the crews deserted their ship and hundreds of vessels were left to rot in the bay. Within two years, California had enough population to become a state and San Francisco was for many years the hub of that newly-arrived population.
The city's present popularity is due to an excellent climate, an easy style of living , good food, and numerous tourist attractions. The city is famous for its cable cars which "clang and bang" up the steep hills, and for its excellent seafood stals along the wharf. Most visitors arriving from nations in the Pacific Basin spend several days getting to know the town. | 1492.txt | 0 |
[
"it is still impossible to detect computer crimes today",
"people commit computer crimes at the request of their company",
"computer criminals escape punishment because they can't be detected",
"computer crimes are the most serious problem in the operation of financial institutions"
]
| It can be concluded from the passage that _ . | More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential （）records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 1935.txt | 3 |
[
"most computer criminals who are caught blame their bad luck",
"the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem",
"most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes",
"many more computer crimes go undetected that are discovered"
]
| It is implied in the third paragraph that _ . | More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential （）records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 1935.txt | 3 |
[
"A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced",
"Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes to protect their reputation",
"Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation",
"Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information"
]
| Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage? | More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential （）records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 1935.txt | 1 |
[
"With a bad reputation they can hardly find another job.",
"They may walk away and easily find another job.",
"They will be denied access to confidential records",
"They must leave the country to go to jail."
]
| What may happen to computer criminals once they are caught? | More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential （）records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 1935.txt | 1 |
[
"why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment",
"why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections",
"how computer criminals mange to get good recommendations from their former employers",
"why computer crimes can't be eliminated"
]
| The passage is mainly about _ . | More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap big reward. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.
Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.
Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.
Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential （）records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. | 1935.txt | 3 |
[
"far-reaching",
"dubiously oriented",
"self-contradictory",
"radically reformatory"
]
| The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is . | An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. | 1016.txt | 1 |
[
"is indicative of a pessimism in disguise",
"came into being along with the arrival of computers",
"is deeply rooted in the minds of computered advocates",
"originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries"
]
| The belief that education is indispensable to all children . | An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. | 1016.txt | 3 |
[
"dependent upon the starting age of candidates",
"worth trying in various social sections",
"of little practical value",
"attractive to every kind of professional"
]
| It could be inferred from the passage that in the author's country the European model of professional training is . | An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. | 1016.txt | 2 |
[
"included as an auxiliary course in school",
"highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications",
"mastered through a life-long course",
"equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise"
]
| According to the author, basic computer skills should be . | An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction -- indeed, contradiction -- which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computered advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take -- at the very longest -- a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose. | 1016.txt | 0 |
[
"on the mountains with little air",
"in the cold polar areas",
"in the hot desert areas",
"in the open oceans"
]
| Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT _ . | A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and otherareas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods-paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen ,a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. | 2166.txt | 3 |
[
"hiding in tiny spaces",
"having a strong shell",
"flying away when necessary",
"changing colors or shapes"
]
| Insects protect themselves from chemicals by _ | A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and otherareas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods-paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen ,a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. | 2166.txt | 1 |
[
"frighten away their enemies",
"avoid being discovered",
"send warning signals",
"look bitter-tasting"
]
| Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to _ | A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and otherareas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods-paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen ,a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. | 2166.txt | 1 |
[
"can be found in any extreme environments",
"have survived longer than any other creatures",
"can be fed on any natural or man-made foods",
"are important for the growth of crops and flowers"
]
| The passage mentions that insects _ . | A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and otherareas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods-paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen ,a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. | 2166.txt | 3 |
[
"how insects survive in different places",
"why insects can survive so successfully",
"what insects can do to the environment",
"where insects can be found in quantity"
]
| The passage is mainly about _ | A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more.
Insects can be found almost everywhere -- on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees,and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and otherareas. But licks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can transmit disease.
There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range, of natural and artificial foods-paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton，other insects, plants and animals Because they are small they can hide in tiny spaces.
A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their wings give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or males. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.
Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen ,a seed or some other natural object Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signalsthat they taste bad,sting or are poison.Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. | 2166.txt | 1 |
[
"Needs of .Man",
"Sources of..Energy",
"Sea Harvest",
"Sea Exploring Technology"
]
| What is the best title for the passage? | In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. (82)Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of man's needs.
The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, nickel and copper and so on exist on the ocean floor, ready to be mined.
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by Oriental peoples.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy such as hydroelectric power.
Technology is enabling man to explore ever deeper under the sea. The new undersea technology is providing divers with diving suits and undersea chambers that are kept at sea level pressure. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. By the year 2000, experts believe that the problems to exploit the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved. | 2219.txt | 2 |
[
"man cannot travel farther into space",
"resources on land are running short",
"it's a lot of f un diving into the sea",
"ancient people used to explore the sea"
]
| According to the author, technology for exploring the sea is important because _ . | In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. (82)Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of man's needs.
The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, nickel and copper and so on exist on the ocean floor, ready to be mined.
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by Oriental peoples.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy such as hydroelectric power.
Technology is enabling man to explore ever deeper under the sea. The new undersea technology is providing divers with diving suits and undersea chambers that are kept at sea level pressure. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. By the year 2000, experts believe that the problems to exploit the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved. | 2219.txt | 1 |
[
"To indicate that it is warmer in the ocean than on land.",
"To show that a steamship is better than other kinds of ship.",
"To argue that man should use steamships more than other means of transportation.",
"To illustrate that man can make use of sources of energy from the sea."
]
| Why does the author mention a steamship? | In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. (82)Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of man's needs.
The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man's technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, nickel and copper and so on exist on the ocean floor, ready to be mined.
Fish farming promises to be a good way to produce large quantities of food. The culture of fish and shellfish is an ancient skill practiced in the past mainly by Oriental peoples.
Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. Experts believe that the warm temperature of the ocean can be used in a way similar to the steam in a steamship. Ocean currents and waves offer possible use as a source of energy such as hydroelectric power.
Technology is enabling man to explore ever deeper under the sea. The new undersea technology is providing divers with diving suits and undersea chambers that are kept at sea level pressure. The development of strong, new materials has made this possible.
The technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. By the year 2000, experts believe that the problems to exploit the food, minerals, and energy sources of the sea will be largely solved. | 2219.txt | 3 |
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