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Od srpna nás čekají aktualizace v českém zákoně o pobytu cizinců. V ReloCare jsme ze zákona vypsali nejdůležitější změny, o které půjde, a jaký budou mít dopad na osoby, které se stěhují do České republiky. Přehledný výpis najdete níže.
Potvrzení o přechodném pobytu změní název a podobu
Od 2. 8. 2021 Potvrzení o přechodném pobytu pro členy EU nahradí Osvědčení o registraci. Jeho podoba zatím není známá, nicméně se bude rovněž vydávat s 10letou platností.
Potvrzení o přechodném pobytu, která již byla vydána, není nutno měnit.
Budou zavedeny nové správní poplatky
Poplatek ve výši 200 Kč, který bude hrazen formou kolků, bude nově vyžadován pro následující typ žádostí:
Osvědčení o registraci (dříve Potvrzení o přechodném pobytu)
Povolení k přechodnému pobytu rodinného příslušníka občana EU
Prodloužení doby platnosti Povolení k přechodnému pobytu rodinného příslušníka občana EU
Povolení k trvalému pobytu občana EU
Povolení k trvalému pobytu občana EU a jeho rodinného příslušníka
Změny ve statutu Rodinného příslušníka občana EU
Nově se rodinný příslušník rozlišuje na blízkého a vzdáleného. Blízkým rodinným příslušníkem je například manžel, rodič nebo potomek za podmínek dle § 15a odst. 1 a 2. Vzdáleným rodinným příslušníkem je potom např. trvalý partner, člen domácnosti nebo vyživovaná osoba dle § 15a odst. 3.
Pobyty občanů Velké Británie
Od 2. 8. 2021 lze zažádat o výměnu Potvrzení o přechodném pobytu a Trvalého pobytu za biometrickou kartu. Dosavadní formu pobytu musí vyměnit i rodinní příslušníci občanů Velké Británie.
Občané Velké Británie, kteří oprávněně v ČR pobývali před 31. 12. 2020, mohou i nadále žádat o Osvědčení o registraci. To však bude vydáno pouze s platností 5 let.
Omezení ve zdravotním pojištění
Cestovní zdravotní pojištění pro cizince v rozsahu komplexní zdravotní péče bude moci od 2. 8. 2021 být sjednáno výhradně s Pojišťovnou VZP, a.s.
Povinnost neplatí pro:
občany EU,
jejich blízké rodinné příslušníky,
cizince, kteří jsou účastníky veřejného zdravotního pojištění,
a držitele platných průkazů zdravotního pojištění EHIC a GHIC.
Cizinci, kteří na území ČR přicestovali nejpozději dne 1. 8. 2021 nebo na území ČR již pobývají na základě dlouhodobého víza nebo povolení k dlouhodobému pobytu a zajistili si pojištění dle podmínek platných do 1. 8. 2021, nebudou muset po dobu platnosti svého stávajícího pobytového oprávnění uzavírat novou pojistnou smlouvu s Pojišťovnou VZP, a.s.
Aktuální informace můžete vždy nalézt na stránkách Ministerstva Vnitra ČR.
Pokud jste cizinec stěhující se do ČR nebo jste zaměstnavatel, který se chystá do ČR relokovat zahraniční zaměstnance, a potřebujete ohledně novely zákona o pobytu cizinců s něčím poradit, neváhejte nás kontaktovat na čísle 608 874 860.
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01 February
HR ChannelImportant Updates
British Citizens’ Obligation: Residence Permit Exchange
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Residence Permit Exchange
British and living in the Czech Republic?
Please be informed that certain foreigners and their families are obliged to exchange their pre-Brexit residence permits for a new Biometric Card.
The amendment concerns UK nationals and their family members.
The process of obtaining a Biometric Card must be initiated no later than 31 August 2022. However, applying early will avoid high demand for appointment dates.
BIOMETRIC CARD IS A PLASTIC CARD CONTAINING YOUR PHOTO AND FINGERPRINTS DATA.
Recommendations:
All holders of UK passport, including children of all ages, should apply for a Biometric Card as soon as possible.
Consider:
Appointments for applying at the Ministry of Interior are often scheduled within 30–60 days.
The applicant must be personally present.
There are no Governmental fees for this procedure.
How can ReloCare support you or your UK employees?
Obtaining a Biometric Card requires two appointments at the Ministry of Interior.
Our support includes:
• Booking both appointments at the Ministry of the Interior for you
• Accompanying you to the Ministry of the Interior when applying
• Accompanying you to the Ministry of the Interior for the card collection
• (If needed) Providing a card photo to HR once the process is completed
Contact us to get our support.
Send us a message at [email protected] or call +420 608 874 860 to get a quote.
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30 December
HR ChannelImportant Updates
New Obligation for Foreigners: Adaptation and Integration Course
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Every foreign national who, as of 1 January 2021, is issued a long-term residence permit for the territory of the Czech Republic, and also every foreign national who is issued a permanent residence permit after this date without the precondition of previous authorised stay in the territory is obliged to take the adaptation and integration course within one year of the date of collecting their residence permit.
What Is The Adaptation and Integration Course?
This is a course during which foreign nationals will be acquainted with the rights and obligations connected with their stay in the territory of the Czech Republic, with the fundamental values of the Czech Republic, with everyday life, culture and customs prevailing in the Czech Republic. Course participants will also be provided information on organisations and institutions that provide advisory services to foreign nationals free of charge. For details, go to: http://www.vitejtevcr.cz/en/
Who Exactly Must Take the Course?
The obligation to take the adaptation and integration
course applies to every foreign national who has been issued a long-term residence permit for the territory pursuant to § 42 or § 45 of Act No. 326/1999 Coll., on the Residence of Foreign Nationals in the Czech Republic and on amendment to certain acts, as amended, and also applies to every foreign national who is issued a long-term residence permit for the territory pursuant to § 66 or § 67 of this Act.
Specifically, the course must be taken and completed by every foreign national who has been issued:
a long-term residence permit for the territory
a long-term residence permit for the territory due to a change in purpose of stay
a permanent residence permit for the territory for humanitarian reasons, specifically for a foreign national who is the spouse of an asylee, whose marriage took place before the asylee entered the territory; for an asylee’s minor child or a child dependent on the care of an asylee if that child has not applied for asylum; or for a foreign national who was a citizen of the Czech Republic in the past a permanent residence permit for the territory for reasons worthy of special consideration
a permanent residence permit for the territory, if the foreign national’s stay is in the national interest of the Czech Republic
a permanent residence permit for the territory for the child of a foreign national who holds a permanent residence permit for the territory of the Czech Republic and if the reason for the application is family unification of such foreign nationals in the territory
a permanent residence permit for the territory after the cancellation of a previous permanent residence permit due to the former holder spending an uninterrupted period of six years outside the territory of the Czech Republic, or due to the former holder spending an uninterrupted period of twelve months outside the territory of the European Union
a permanent residence permit having spend an uninterrupted period of four years in the territory for a foreign national residing in the territory after the completion of international protection proceedings
Who Does This Obligation Not Apply To?
Foreign nationals who have already taken this course or who have been issued a long-term residence permit or a permanent residence permit pursuant to § 66 or § 67 before 1 January 2021 are not obliged to take the adaptation and integration course, under condition that their permit was valid as at 1 January 2021. The obligation to take the adaptation and integration course does not apply also to foreign nationals residing in the territory of the Czech Republic on the basis of:
a long-term residence permit for the purpose of study (residence purpose code “21”, “22”, “23” and “30”)
a long-term residence permit for the purpose of protection in the territory (residence purpose code “88”)
a long-term residence permit for the purpose of investment (residence purpose code “78”)
a long-term residence permit issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic
an intra-company employee transfer card (residence purpose code “79”)
a European Union Member State intra-company employee transfer card (residence purpose code “80”)
EU nationals and their family memebrers do not have to go through the course. The obligation to take the adaptation and integration course furthermore does not apply to foreign nationals under 15 years of age on the date of legal effect of the decision to issue their residence permit, or to foreign nationals 61 years of age or over on that date. Nor will holders of employee cards and blue cards issued under the Highly Qualified Employee and Key and Scientific Personnel governmental programmes be required to take adaptation and integration courses.
Who Is The Course Organised By And Where Does It Take Place?
Adaptation and integration courses are administered by Centres for Support of Integration of Foreign Nationals
(http://www.integracnicentra.cz). There are eighteen such centres in the Czech Republic and it is up to the
foreign national to choose which centre to take the course at. The course may be also organised by a different legal entity cooperating with a Centre for Support of Integration of Foreign Nationals. Taking a course that is neither directly organised nor administered by a Foreign National Integration Support Centre established pursuant to § 155a of Act No. 326/1999 Coll., on the Residence of Foreign Nationals in the Czech Republic and on amendment to certain acts, as amended, will not be recognised as satisfaction of the obligation.
The adaptation and integration course last four hours.
What Is The Deadline For Taking The Course?
A foreign nationals to whom the obligation to take the adaptation and integration course applies must take this course at latest within one year of the date of collecting their residence permit, or more precisely, within one year of the date of legal effect of the decision to issue their residence permit.
How Can I Enrol For The Course?
Adaptation and integration courses are divided into courses intended for the public and courses not intended for the public. Courses intended for the public may be attended by every foreign national who:
Registers via the portal https://frs.gov.cz
Pays the fee of CZK 1,500 and receives confirmation of payment
Enrols for a specific course and receives an e-mail confirmation of this fact
Courses not intended for the public take place on the basis of orders from legal entities in cooperation with a particular Foreign National Integration Support Centre. Again this requires registration via the portal https://frs.gov.cz – then the necessary steps involving payment, organisation and course attendance of foreign nationals are organised by the legal entity itself. Payment for such courses is not made directly to the state!
Where Is Information On Course Dates Published?
Updated information concerning the type of course, the dates on which they are to held and the language into which they will be interpreted will be made available to the foreign national after payment of the amount payable for courses for the public, or payment directly to the legal entity in the case of courses not intended for the public.
What Are The Conditions For Attending The Course?
The foreign national must report on the date and time at which and at the place where the course will be held, present their residence permit
(ePKP) and confirm their attendance by signing the attendance sheet. The foreign national must attend for the entire duration of the course. There is no exam or test at the end of the course.
After attending the course the foreign national receives an attendance certificate.
What Happens For Not Satisfying This Obligation?
Failure to satisfy the obligation of taking the adaptation and integration course within one year of the foreign national collecting their residence permit is an offence which carries a fine of up to CZK 10,000.
Official information to be found on https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/adaptacne-integracni-kurzy.aspx
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20 November
HR ChannelImportant UpdatesPractical Tips
Recommended Immigration Steps to Take Before Brexit
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HR BULLETIN: November, 2019
DEAL SCENARIO
Expected: British citizens will be entitled to receive equal immigration benefits as EU members.
The transition period, which will guarantee the EU status, is expected until 31 December 2020. After the transition period, UK nationals will be treated as non-EU nationals.
NO DEAL SCENARIO
Expected: British citizens will carry Non-EU immigration status and will be required to obtain Non-EU permits in accordance with the law. Process length: 4–6 months for employees, 4–8 months for other permits.
Impact for non-permit holders: All UK citizens without a Temporary Resident Permit or Permanent Residency will be required to leave the Schengen Area and apply for a relevant permit/visa in the existent non-EU immigration scheme at a Czech Embassy abroad.
Impact for permit holders: UK citizens who hold valid EU permits will be allowed to stay in the Czech Republic until 31 December 2020, during which period they will be obliged to exchange their EU permits for the relevant permit/visa in the existent non-EU immigration scheme at the Ministry of the Interior in the Czech Republic. Note that the same applies for UK citizens who have at least applied for one of the permits before the Brexit date.
What you need to know about a Temporary Residence Permit and Permanent Residency
TEMPORARY RESIDENCE PERMIT
All EU members are entitled to this type of permit
Process: 30 days
Validity: 10 years
After Brexit:
One must apply for any Long-term Residence Permit
Types: Employee card, Family reunion, Business, Study
Issued for a maximum period of 2 years (extendable)
PERMANENT RESIDENCE PERMIT
All EU members are entitled to the permit if they fulfil:
5 years of continuous stay in the Czech Republic
2 years of continuous stay if they are family members of an EU citizen
Process: 60 days – some delays may occur
Validity: 10 years
After Brexit: The permit must be exchanged for a biometrical card (fees will apply)
Recommendations:
All holders of UK passport, including children of all ages, should immediately apply for one of the permits.
Consider:
Appointments for applying at the Ministry of Interior are normally given within 30–60 days.
The application can be submitted based on Power of Attorney on behalf of the applicant; earlier terms may be available.
WHAT HAPPENS AFTER BREXIT IF YOU DO NOT HAVE ANY PERMIT IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Stays in the Czech Republic will be considered tourist visas limited to 90 days in the 180-day period for the Schengen Area. After the 90 days, the stay is considered illegal.
Citizens of the UK who did not apply for a Residence Permit or Permanent Residency before the Brexit date will be considered newcomers and will apply for a Non-EU permit via the Czech Embassy in London.
For more information and clarification please contact:
Kristýna Richtrová
Head of Immigration
[email protected]
+420 608 874 860
Kristýna Richtrová
Head of Immigration
[email protected]
+420 608 874 860
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31 July
HR ChannelImportant Updates
Novelization of Immigration Act
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Leading companies are adding new talent to support a digital operating model. To develop sharp insights using digital tools, procurement teams will need data science and analytics expertise.
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ReloCare provides range of in-house services of immigration, relocation and DSP for international and local companies in Czech Republic.
Data Protection
Head Office
Vodičkova 5, 120 00, Praha 2
[email protected]
+420 602 101 031
Services
Immigration services
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Visa to other countries Business and Travel
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The integrated Xbox Live service launched in November 2002 allowed players to play games online with or without a broadband connection. It first competed with Dreamcast's online service but later primarily competed with PlayStation 2's online service. Although these two are free while Xbox Live required a subscription, as well as broadband-only connection which was not completely adopted yet, Xbox Live was a success due to better servers, features such as a buddy list, and milestone titles like Halo 2 released in November 2004, which is the best-selling Xbox video game and was by far the most popular online game for the system.
Xbox - Xbox
The original Xbox was released on November 15, 2001, in North America, February 22, 2002, in Japan, and March 14, 2002, in Australia and Europe. It was Microsoft's first foray into the gaming console market. As part of the sixth-generation of gaming, the Xbox competed with Sony's PlayStation 2, Sega's Dreamcast (which stopped American sales before the Xbox went on sale), and Nintendo's GameCube. The Xbox was the first console offered by an American company after the Atari Jaguar stopped sales in 1996. The name Xbox was derived from a contraction of DirectX Box, a reference to Microsoft's graphics API, DirectX.
Xbox - Xbox One
The Xbox One was released on November 22, 2013, in North America, as the successor of the Xbox 360. The Xbox One competes with Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch as part of the eighth generation of video game consoles.
Xbox - Xbox 360
At their E3 presentation on June 14, 2010, Microsoft announced a redesigned Xbox 360 that would ship on the same day. The redesigned console is slimmer than the previous Xbox 360 model and features integrated 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi, TOSLINK S/PDIF optical audio output, five USB 2.0 ports (compared to the three from older versions) and special port designed for the Kinect peripheral. Older models of the Xbox 360 have since been discontinued. The first new console to be released features a 250 GB hard drive, while a later less expensive SKU features 4 GB internal storage.
Xbox - Xbox 360
The Xbox 360 was released as the successor of the original Xbox in November 2005, competing with Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii as part of the seventh generation of video game consoles. As of June 30, 2013, 78.2 million Xbox 360 consoles have been sold worldwide. The Xbox 360 was officially unveiled on MTV on May 12, 2005, with detailed launch and game information divulged later that month at the Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3). The console sold out completely upon release in all regions except in Japan.
Xbox - Xbox 360
The Xbox 360 showed an expanded Xbox Live service (which now included a limited "Free" tier called Silver), the ability to stream multimedia content from PCs, while later updates added the ability to purchase and stream music, television programs, and films through the Xbox Music and Xbox Video services, along with access to third-party content services through third-party media streaming applications. Microsoft also released Kinect, a motion control system for the Xbox 360 which uses an advanced sensor system.
Xbox - Xbox Controller
Released in 2001, the Xbox control pad was the first controller made for the original Xbox. The Xbox controller features two analog sticks, a pressure-sensitive directional pad, two analog triggers, a Back button, a Start button, two accessory slots and six 8-bit analog action buttons (A/Green, B/Red, X/Blue, Y/Yellow, and Black and White buttons). The standard Xbox controller (originally nicknamed the "Fatty" and later the "Duke" ) was originally the controller bundled with Xbox systems for all territories except Japan.
Xbox - Xbox SmartGlass
Xbox SmartGlass is a companion application for Xbox 360 available for Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows Phone, iOS, Android (version 4.0 and above), and Windows Server 2012. It was announced by Microsoft during E3 2012 and released on October 26, 2012, coinciding with the release of Windows 8. It connects with the Xbox 360 and allows more interactive entertainment, allowing mobile devices to potentially serve as second screens and remote controller. Currently Windows 8 and Windows RT Tablets and PCs, Windows Phone (7.5 and 8) iOS devices, and Android smartphones (4.x) are compatible with SmartGlass, providing information such as Halo 4 stats and Forza Horizon GPS. Users of Windows Server 2012 can currently download the application from the Windows Store after installing the Windows Desktop Experience feature in the Server Manager.
Xbox - Xbox Live
Xbox Live is an online service with over 65 million users worldwide (as of July 2019). It comprises an online virtual market, the Xbox Live Marketplace, which allows the purchase and download of games and various forms of multimedia. Online gaming on the Xbox first started on November 15, 2002 worldwide. The service is still active and continues to be played by gamers.
Xbox - Xbox One
On June 13, 2016, Microsoft announced the Xbox One S, a slimmer version of the Xbox One, at E3 2016. Phil Spencer, head of Xbox, announced Project Scorpio at E3 2016 on June 13, 2016, an addition to the Xbox One family, saying it would release in Holiday 2017. At E3 2017, Microsoft revealed the final name of the console to be Xbox One X, and that it would start shipping worldwide on November 7, 2017 for a final retail price of $499.
Xbox - Xbox One
Following its unveiling, the Xbox One proved controversial for its original digital rights management and privacy practices; while Microsoft touted the ability for users to access their library of games (regardless of whether they were purchased physically or digitally) on any Xbox One console without needing their discs, and the ability to share their entire library with 10 designated "family" members, all games would have to be tied to the user's Xbox Live account and their Xbox One console, and the console would be required to connect to the Internet on a periodic basis (at least once every 24 hours) to synchronize the library, or else the console would be unable to play any games at all. After an overwhelmingly negative response from critics and consumers (who also showed concerns that the system could prevent or hinder the resale of used games), Microsoft announced that these restrictions would be dropped. Microsoft was also criticized for requiring the Xbox One to have its updated Kinect peripheral plugged in to function, which critics and privacy advocates believed could be used as a surveillance device. As a gesture toward showing a commitment to user privacy, Microsoft decided to allow the console to function without Kinect.
Xbox - Xbox One
Announced on May 21, 2013, the Xbox One has an emphasis on internet-based features, including the ability to record and stream gameplay, and the ability to integrate with a set-top box to watch cable or satellite TV through the console with an enhanced guide interface and Kinect-based voice control.
Xbox Live Arcade - Xbox
To generate greater publicity for the service, the disc was also distributed with special issues of the Official Xbox Magazine and as part of the Forza Motorsport Xbox console bundle The service launched with six titles and expanded its library to twelve titles by the end of the year. Once connected to Xbox Live, customers could purchase additional titles by using a credit card, or download a limited trial version of a game. Prices for the games range from $4.99 to $14.99.
Xbox Live Arcade - Xbox
The Xbox Live Arcade service was officially announced on May 12, 2004, at Microsoft's E3 press conference by Bill Gates and launched on November 6, 2004, for the original Xbox game console. The XBLA software was obtained by ordering it on Microsoft's website. It was sent by mail on a disc that also contained a free version of the Ms. Pac-Man video game.
Xbox - Xbox 360 Dashboard
The Xbox 360's original graphical user interface was the Xbox 360 Dashboard; a tabbed interface that featured five "Blades" (formerly four blades), and was designed by AKQA and Audiobrain. It could be launched automatically when the console booted without a disc in it, or when the disc tray was ejected, but the user had the option to select what the console does if a game is in the tray on start up, or if inserted when already on. A simplified version of it was also accessible at any time via the Xbox Guide button on the gamepad. This simplified version showed the user's gamercard, Xbox Live messages and friends list. It also allowed for personal and music settings, in addition to voice or video chats, or returning to the Xbox Dashboard from the game.
Xbox - Xbox 360 Kinect
Kinect (stylized as KINECT) is a motion sensing input device by Microsoft for the Xbox 360 video game console and Windows PCs. Based around a webcam-style add-on peripheral for the Xbox 360 console, it enables users to control and interact with the Xbox 360 without the need to touch a game controller, through a natural user interface using gestures and spoken commands. The project is aimed at broadening the Xbox 360's audience beyond its typical gamer base. Kinect competes with the Wii Remote Plus and PlayStation Move with PlayStation Eye motion controllers for the Wii and PlayStation 3 home consoles, respectively. A version for Windows was released on February 1, 2012.
Xbox - Xbox Game Pass
Xbox Game Pass is a subscription service from Microsoft for use with its Xbox One and Windows 10. Described as "Netflix for video games", the Xbox Game Pass grants users access to a catalog of games from a range of publishers for a single monthly subscription price. The service was launched on June 1, 2017.
Xbox - Xbox Live Marketplace
Downloaded content requires enough space on either the Xbox 360's hard drive, or an Xbox 360 Memory Unit. Selected downloads are placed in a queue and are downloaded whilst the console is powered on and is connected to Xbox Live. Users can choose to send certain downloads to the front of the queue to be downloaded first. Downloads are temporarily halted during certain times where games make use of Xbox Live's features (e.g. online multiplayer).
Xbox - Xbox 360 Controller
Released in 2005, the Xbox 360 controller for the Xbox 360 succeeded its predecessor. A standard Xbox 360 controller features eleven digital buttons, two analog triggers, two analog sticks and a digital D-pad. The right face of the controller features four digital action buttons; a green "A" button, red "B" button, blue "X" button and yellow "Y" button. The lower right houses the right analog stick, in lower left is a digital D-pad and on the left face is the left analog stick. Both analog sticks can also be "clicked in" to activate a digital button beneath. In the center of the controller face are digital "Start", "Back" and "Guide" buttons. The "Guide" button is labelled with the Xbox logo, and is used to turn on the console/controller and to access the guide menu. It is also surrounded by the "ring of light", which indicates the controller number, as well as flashing when connecting and to provide notifications. The left and right "shoulders" each feature a digital shoulder button, or "bumper", and an analog trigger.
Xbox - Xbox Live Marketplace
The Xbox Live Marketplace (XBLM) is a virtual market designed for Microsoft's Xbox 360 console that allows Xbox Live members to download purchased or promotional content. The service offers movie and game trailers, Video Store, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games, Xbox Live Indie Games (Previously Community Games), Games on Demand (Xbox 360 and Xbox Originals), downloadable content such as map packs, gamer pictures, and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes.
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Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental health disorders in the United States and they are highly treatable.
What is anxiety?
Everyone feels nervous or anxious at one time or another. But when frequent, powerful feelings of fear or dread cause people to feel they have lost control over their lives, they may have an anxiety disorder. Untreated anxiety disorders can interfere with job performance, school, relationships, and other areas of life.
There are several types of anxiety disorders. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder.
Signs and symptoms
People with generalized anxiety disorder may feel irritable, restless, and have trouble concentrating. Other signs and symptoms may include:
Feelings of panic, fear, and uneasiness
Fatigue
Problems sleeping (difficulty falling or staying asleep or restless, unsatisfying sleep)
Cold or sweaty hands and/or feet
Difficulty controlling excessive and unrealistic worries
Shortness of breath
Heart palpitations
Muscle tension
Dry mouth
Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
Headaches, stomachaches, nausea
People with panic disorder have recurrent unexpected panic attacks, which are sudden periods of intense fear and dread. Panic attacks often involve physical symptoms such as heart palpitations, sweating, shortness of breath, and trembling. Many people who experience panic attacks are afraid they are having a heart attack or that they are going to die.
People with social anxiety, or social phobias, are highly anxious and self- conscious when they are around other people. They have a difficult time making or keeping friends and worry that people are judging them.
How to help yourself
If you struggle with anxiety, consider an appointment with a healthcare professional to review your symptoms and history and rule out a physical cause. Some ways to reduce or manage anxious feelings include the following:
Prepare for upcoming events. Rehearse situations that you think will cause anxiety, such as speaking in front of a group or having a job interview. Imagine yourself feeling calm, confident, and in control.
Eat healthy foods and limit caffeine.
Avoid nicotine and alcohol. Many people self-medicate with nicotine, alcohol or other drugs to reduce anxiety, but over time this makes the problem worse.
Exercise regularly. Try to exercise at least 30 minutes every day. Practice relaxation exercises, such as deep breathing, visualization, or meditation.
Talk to someone. If you start to feel overwhelmed by your emotions, talk with a friend, family member, doctor, religious advisor, or mental health professional.
If you start to feel overwhelmed by your emotions, talk with a friend, family member, doctor, religious advisor, or mental health professional.
Treatment options
Although the treatment approach will depend on the type of anxiety disorder, one or more of the following therapies may be recommended:
Psychotherapy: Conducted by a psychologist, clinical social worker, psychiatrist or other trained mental health professional, psychotherapy helps people understand and cope with their anxiety.
Medication: Medication used to reduce the symptoms of anxiety disorders include anxiety-reducing drugs, anti-depressants, and beta- blockers.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT is a specific type of therapy that is highly effective in treating anxiety disorders. The individual learns to recognize and change thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to anxiety.
Dietary and lifestyle changes: Exercise such as walking or swimming on a daily basis can reduce anxiety. Yoga and meditation can also calm the mind and body.
Additional Resources
Anxiety and Depression Association of America www.adaa.org
National Institute of Mental Health www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/ anxiety-disorders/index.shtml
Office on Women’s Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/ anxiety-disorders
S. Department of Health and Human Services www.mentalhealth.gov/what-to-look- for/anxiety-disorders/index.html
Your program is here to help you along the journey of life. No situation is too big or too small. When you and your household members need assistance, reach out anytime and we will help get you on the right path to meet your needs.
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The deployment of vaccines beginning in December signaled a turning point in the pandemic. By Feb. 2,more Americans had been vaccinated for COVID-19 than had been infected. But as vaccination rates lagged over the summer, new surges of COVID-19 came. More than 80% of these cases by late July were caused by the Delta variant, which is more contagious than the original virus. This has resulted in growing rates of community transmission and—especially in areas with lower vaccination rates—increasing rates of hospitalization and death.
The United States reached 782,794 COVID-19-related deaths and 48.7 million COVID-19 cases as of Dec. 1, according to Johns Hopkins University.
Currently, 59.4% of the U.S. population is fully vaccinated. Epidemiologists say the lower the vaccination rate, the more the virus has the opportunity to continue to evolve and become more dangerous.
Stacker compiled a list of the counties with the lowest in-patient bed capacity in Mississippi using data from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Counties are ranked by the percent of in-patient hospital beds filled as of Dec. 1, with ICU availability serving as a tiebreaker. Hospitalization data was available for about 77% of counties in the U.S. Keep reading to see what hospital capacity looks like in your county.
1 / 50
Cohee // Wikimedia Commons
#50. Chickasaw County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 32.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 45.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 228 (39 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.9% (7,684 fully vaccinated)
--- 4.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
2 / 50
Leigh T. Harrell // Wikimedia Commons
#49. Lowndes County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 65.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 14.5% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 58 (34 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.1% (27,616 fully vaccinated)
--- 0.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
3 / 50
Qqqqqq // Wikimedia Commons
#48. Montgomery County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (4 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.8% (5,062 fully vaccinated)
--- 10.0% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
4 / 50
Rdstephens // Wikimedia Commons
#47. Noxubee County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 19 (2 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.5% (5,363 fully vaccinated)
--- 9.3% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
5 / 50
Mark Hilton // Wikimedia Commons
#46. Winston County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 6 (1 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.5% (7,998 fully vaccinated)
--- 5.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
6 / 50
Carlcath // Wikimedia Commons
#45. Clay County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 35.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 40.7% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 14.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 81.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (8 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.4% (8,196 fully vaccinated)
--- 10.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
7 / 50
NatalieMaynor // Wikimedia Commons
#44. Webster County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 35.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 40.7% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 124 (12 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.1% (4,372 fully vaccinated)
--- 4.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
8 / 50
CapCase // Wikimedia Commons
#43. Neshoba County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 36.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 39.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 48 (14 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 36.8% (10,701 fully vaccinated)
--- 21.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
9 / 50
Z28scrambler // Wikimedia Commons
#42. Franklin County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 36.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 39.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 156 (12 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.1% (3,403 fully vaccinated)
--- 6.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
10 / 50
NatalieMaynor // Wikimedia Commons
#41. Panola County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 37.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 37.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 0.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 100.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 114 (39 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 43.1% (14,728 fully vaccinated)
--- 8.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
11 / 50
Matthew Nichols // Wikimedia Commons
#40. Grenada County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 37.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 37.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 40.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 47.4% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 24 (5 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.7% (10,113 fully vaccinated)
--- 3.4% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
12 / 50
Courtesy of the Mississippi Department of Archives and History // Wikimedia Commons
#39. Lincoln County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 38.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 35.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 21.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 72.4% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 32 (11 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.7% (12,185 fully vaccinated)
--- 24.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
13 / 50
Woodlot // Wikimedia Commons
#38. Pearl River County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 38.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 35.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 31.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 29 (16 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 43.3% (24,039 fully vaccinated)
--- 8.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
14 / 50
Infrogmation of New Orleans // Wikimedia Commons
#37. Claiborne County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 40.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 32.2% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 22 (2 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.5% (4,450 fully vaccinated)
--- 5.1% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
15 / 50
NatalieMaynor // Wikimedia Commons
#36. Rankin County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 41.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 30.5% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 84.0% (15.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 10.5% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 59 (92 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.9% (74,298 fully vaccinated)
--- 1.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
16 / 50
Calvin Beale // Wikimedia Commons
#35. Wayne County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 42.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 28.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 48.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 36.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 20 (4 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.8% (7,225 fully vaccinated)
--- 24.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
17 / 50
Jimmy Emerson from Dalton GA // Wikimedia Commons
#34. Sunflower County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 31.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 72 (18 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.9% (12,267 fully vaccinated)
--- 3.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
18 / 50
dmtilley // Wikimedia Commons
#33. George County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 88.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 15.8% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 12 (3 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 37.5% (9,192 fully vaccinated)
--- 20.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
19 / 50
NatalieMaynor // Wikimedia Commons
#32. Jasper County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 49 (8 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.9% (7,526 fully vaccinated)
--- 2.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
20 / 50
Mthunter58 // Wikimedia Commons
#31. Jefferson County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 48.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 18.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 14 (1 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 63.5% (4,438 fully vaccinated)
--- 34.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
21 / 50
Z28scrambler // Wikimedia Commons
#30. Pike County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 50.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 15.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 90.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 18.4% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (16 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.9% (18,036 fully vaccinated)
--- 2.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
22 / 50
Natalie Maynor // Wikimedia Commons
#29. Wilkinson County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 50.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 15.3% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 23 (2 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 59.5% (5,138 fully vaccinated)
--- 26.3% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
23 / 50
Scoutandboo // Wikimedia Commons
#28. Madison County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (13.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 67.0% (27.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 11.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 59 (63 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 58.8% (62,474 fully vaccinated)
--- 24.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
24 / 50
Brian Stansberry // Wikimedia Commons
#27. Monroe County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 90.0% (40.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 18.4% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 165 (58 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.0% (16,573 fully vaccinated)
--- 0.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
25 / 50
Michaelswikiusername // Wikimedia Commons
#26. Pontotoc County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 121 (39 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.7% (12,453 fully vaccinated)
--- 17.8% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
26 / 50
Renelibrary // Wikimedia Commons
#25. Warren County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 54.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 8.5% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 85.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 11.8% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 57 (26 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.1% (24,093 fully vaccinated)
--- 12.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
27 / 50
Nicholas Brown // Wikimedia Commons
#24. Washington County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 54.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 8.5% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 92.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 21.1% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 9 (4 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.5% (19,991 fully vaccinated)
--- 3.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
28 / 50
Cohee // Wikimedia Commons
#23. Tippah County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (7.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 164 (36 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.9% (8,558 fully vaccinated)
--- 17.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
29 / 50
Calvin Beale // Wikimedia Commons
#22. Simpson County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 53 (14 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 41.4% (11,026 fully vaccinated)
--- 12.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
30 / 50
NatalieMaynor // Wikimedia Commons
#21. Kemper County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 51 (5 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 41.1% (4,006 fully vaccinated)
--- 12.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
31 / 50
Gabriel D. May // Wikimedia Commons
#20. Marion County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 56.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 5.1% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 100.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 31.6% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 61 (15 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.1% (10,336 fully vaccinated)
--- 10.6% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
32 / 50
Larry D. Moore // Wikimedia Commons
#19. Scott County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 56.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 5.1% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 28 (8 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.2% (12,981 fully vaccinated)
--- 1.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
33 / 50
Jerrye & Roy Klotz, MD // Wikimedia Commons
#18. Copiah County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 59.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 0.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 53 (15 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.3% (13,841 fully vaccinated)
--- 4.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
34 / 50
Mthunter58 // Wikimedia Commons
#17. Oktibbeha County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 60.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 1.7% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 62.0% (17.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 18.4% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 32 (16 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.9% (23,757 fully vaccinated)
--- 1.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
35 / 50
Nlsanfor // Wikimedia Commons
#16. Covington County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 60.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 1.7% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 113 (21 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.5% (8,658 fully vaccinated)
--- 1.3% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
36 / 50
Hamhari Brown // Wikimedia Commons
#15. Bolivar County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 61.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 3.4% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 45.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 40.8% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 36 (11 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 54.0% (16,528 fully vaccinated)
--- 14.6% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
37 / 50
Thomas R Machnitzki // Wikimedia Commons
#14. DeSoto County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 61.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 3.4% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 73.0% (13.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 3.9% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 75 (139 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.6% (89,944 fully vaccinated)
--- 3.2% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
38 / 50
Dudemanfellabra // Wikimedia Commons
#13. Lauderdale County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 64.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 8.5% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 76.0% (9.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 0.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 61 (45 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.9% (34,755 fully vaccinated)
--- 0.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
39 / 50
Jerrye & Roy Klotz, MD // Wikimedia Commons
#12. Lafayette County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 64.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 8.5% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 114.0% (36.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 50.0% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 78 (42 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.1% (27,589 fully vaccinated)
--- 8.5% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
40 / 50
Sturmgewehr88 // Wikimedia
#11. Forrest County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 67.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 13.6% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 86.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 13.2% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 67 (50 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.3% (28,667 fully vaccinated)
--- 18.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
41 / 50
Librarylady2726 // Wikimedia Commons
#10. Jones County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 71.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 20.3% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 84.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 10.5% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 68 (46 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 39.7% (27,008 fully vaccinated)
--- 15.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
42 / 50
Woodlot // Wikimedia Commons
#9. Harrison County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 72.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 22.0% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 57.0% (9.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 25.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 46 (95 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 50.0% (104,104 fully vaccinated)
--- 6.2% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
43 / 50
Skye Marthaler // Wikimedia Commons
#8. Alcorn County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 74.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 25.4% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 74.0% (16.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 2.6% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 78 (29 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.9% (13,259 fully vaccinated)
--- 23.8% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
44 / 50
Michlaovic // Wikimedia
#7. Hinds County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 77.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 30.5% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 86.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 13.2% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 50 (115 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.0% (122,899 fully vaccinated)
--- 12.5% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
45 / 50
Z28scrambler // Wikimedia Commons
#6. Adams County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 78.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 32.2% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 57.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 25.0% more availability than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 23 (7 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.8% (15,279 fully vaccinated)
--- 5.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
46 / 50
Quentin Melson // Wikimedia Commons
#5. Jackson County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 81.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 37.3% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 81.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 6.6% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 34 (49 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.8% (61,402 fully vaccinated)
--- 9.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
47 / 50
Thomas R Machnitzki // Wikimedia Commons
#4. Tallahatchie County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 81.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 37.3% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 43 (6 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.2% (5,279 fully vaccinated)
--- 18.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
48 / 50
Chillin662 // Wikimedia Commons
#3. Holmes County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 84.0% (20.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 42.4% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (7 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.5% (9,098 fully vaccinated)
--- 13.6% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi
49 / 50
Skye Marthaler // Wikimedia Commons
#2. Tishomingo County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 90.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 52.5% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: data not available
--- 76% full in Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 248 (48 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 36.2% (7,011 fully vaccinated)
--- 23.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
50 / 50
Cohee // Wikimedia Commons
#1. Lee County, MS
- Inpatient beds occupied: 99.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 67.8% more full than Mississippi overall
- ICU beds occupied: 91.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)
--- 19.7% more full than Mississippi overall
- Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 185 (158 cases)
- Population that is fully vaccinated: 40.3% (34,459 fully vaccinated)
--- 14.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
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Counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity in Mississippi
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<section> <header> <ul> <li>Story name: Counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity in Mississippi</li> <li>Canonical URL: https://stacker.com/mississippi/counties-lowest-hospital-bed-capacity-mississippi</li> <li>Written by: Stacker</li> <li>Description: <p><a href="https://www.stacker.com">Stacker</a> compiled a list of counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity Mississippi using data from U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.</p> </li> </ul> </header> <article> <h2>Counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity in Mississippi</h2> <p>The deployment of vaccines beginning in December signaled a turning point in the pandemic. By Feb. 2,<a href="https://www.complex.com/life/more-americans-have-been-vaccinated-than-infected-by-covid-19">more Americans had been vaccinated for COVID-19 than had been infected</a>. But as vaccination rates lagged over the summer, new surges of COVID-19 came. More than 80% of these cases by late July were caused by the Delta variant, which is <a href="//www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/variants/delta-variant.html’">more contagious</a> than the original virus. This has resulted in growing rates of community transmission and—especially in areas with lower vaccination rates—increasing rates of hospitalization and death.</p> <p>The United States reached 782,794 COVID-19-related deaths and 48.7 million COVID-19 cases as of Dec. 1, according to <a href="//coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html’"> Johns Hopkins University</a>.</p> <p>Currently, <a href="//covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-people-onedose-pop-pop18’"> 59.4% of the U.S. population</a> is fully vaccinated. <a href="//www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/hsph-in-the-news/the-latest-on-the-coronavirus/’"> Epidemiologists say </a>the lower the vaccination rate, the more the virus has the opportunity to continue to evolve and become more dangerous.</p> <p><a href="https://stacker.com/">Stacker</a> compiled a list of the counties with the lowest in-patient bed capacity in Mississippi using data from the <a href="//healthdata.gov/Health/COVID-19-Community-Profile-Report/gqxm-d9w9’"> U.S. Department of Health & Human Services</a>. Counties are ranked by the percent of in-patient hospital beds filled as of Dec. 1, with ICU availability serving as a tiebreaker. Hospitalization data was available for about 77% of counties in the U.S. Keep reading to see what hospital capacity looks like in your county.</p> <h2>#50. Chickasaw County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 32.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 45.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 228 (39 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.9% (7,684 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 4.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#49. Lowndes County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 65.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 14.5% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 58 (34 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.1% (27,616 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 0.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#48. Montgomery County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (4 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.8% (5,062 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 10.0% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#47. Noxubee County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 19 (2 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.5% (5,363 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 9.3% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#46. Winston County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 6 (1 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.5% (7,998 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 5.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#45. Clay County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 35.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 40.7% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 14.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 81.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (8 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.4% (8,196 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 10.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#44. Webster County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 35.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 40.7% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 124 (12 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.1% (4,372 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 4.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#43. Neshoba County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 36.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 39.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 48 (14 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 36.8% (10,701 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 21.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#42. Franklin County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 36.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 39.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 156 (12 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.1% (3,403 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 6.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#41. Panola County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 37.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 37.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 0.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 100.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 114 (39 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 43.1% (14,728 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 8.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#40. Grenada County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 37.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 37.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 40.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 47.4% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 24 (5 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.7% (10,113 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 3.4% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#39. Lincoln County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 38.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 35.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 21.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 72.4% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 32 (11 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.7% (12,185 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 24.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#38. Pearl River County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 38.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 35.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 31.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 29 (16 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 43.3% (24,039 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 8.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#37. Claiborne County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 40.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 32.2% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 22 (2 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.5% (4,450 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 5.1% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#36. Rankin County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 41.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 30.5% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 84.0% (15.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 10.5% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 59 (92 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.9% (74,298 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 1.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#35. Wayne County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 42.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 28.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 48.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 36.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 20 (4 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.8% (7,225 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 24.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#34. Sunflower County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 31.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 72 (18 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.9% (12,267 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 3.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#33. George County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 88.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 15.8% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 12 (3 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 37.5% (9,192 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 20.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#32. Jasper County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 49 (8 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.9% (7,526 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 2.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#31. Jefferson County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 48.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 18.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 14 (1 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 63.5% (4,438 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 34.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#30. Pike County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 50.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 15.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 90.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 18.4% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (16 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.9% (18,036 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 2.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#29. Wilkinson County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 50.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 15.3% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 23 (2 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 59.5% (5,138 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 26.3% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#28. Madison County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (13.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 67.0% (27.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 11.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 59 (63 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 58.8% (62,474 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 24.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#27. Monroe County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 90.0% (40.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 18.4% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 165 (58 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.0% (16,573 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 0.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#26. Pontotoc County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 121 (39 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.7% (12,453 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 17.8% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#25. Warren County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 54.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 8.5% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 85.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 11.8% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 57 (26 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.1% (24,093 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 12.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#24. Washington County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 54.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 8.5% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 92.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 21.1% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 9 (4 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.5% (19,991 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 3.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#23. Tippah County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (7.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 164 (36 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.9% (8,558 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 17.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#22. Simpson County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 53 (14 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 41.4% (11,026 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 12.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#21. Kemper County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 51 (5 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 41.1% (4,006 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 12.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#20. Marion County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 56.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 5.1% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 100.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 31.6% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 61 (15 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.1% (10,336 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 10.6% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#19. Scott County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 56.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 5.1% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 28 (8 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.2% (12,981 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 1.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#18. Copiah County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 59.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 0.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 53 (15 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.3% (13,841 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 4.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#17. Oktibbeha County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 60.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 1.7% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 62.0% (17.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 18.4% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 32 (16 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.9% (23,757 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 1.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#16. Covington County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 60.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 1.7% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 113 (21 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.5% (8,658 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 1.3% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#15. Bolivar County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 61.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 3.4% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 45.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 40.8% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 36 (11 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 54.0% (16,528 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 14.6% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#14. DeSoto County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 61.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 3.4% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 73.0% (13.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 3.9% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 75 (139 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.6% (89,944 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 3.2% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#13. Lauderdale County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 64.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 8.5% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 76.0% (9.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 0.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 61 (45 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.9% (34,755 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 0.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#12. Lafayette County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 64.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 8.5% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 114.0% (36.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 50.0% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 78 (42 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.1% (27,589 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 8.5% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#11. Forrest County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 67.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 13.6% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 86.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 13.2% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 67 (50 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.3% (28,667 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 18.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#10. Jones County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 71.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 20.3% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 84.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 10.5% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 68 (46 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 39.7% (27,008 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 15.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#9. Harrison County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 72.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 22.0% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 57.0% (9.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 25.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 46 (95 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 50.0% (104,104 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 6.2% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#8. Alcorn County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 74.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 25.4% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 74.0% (16.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 2.6% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 78 (29 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.9% (13,259 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 23.8% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#7. Hinds County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 77.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 30.5% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 86.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 13.2% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 50 (115 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.0% (122,899 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 12.5% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#6. Adams County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 78.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 32.2% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 57.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 25.0% more availability than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 23 (7 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.8% (15,279 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 5.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#5. Jackson County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 81.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 37.3% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 81.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 6.6% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 34 (49 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.8% (61,402 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 9.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#4. Tallahatchie County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 81.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 37.3% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 43 (6 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.2% (5,279 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 18.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#3. Holmes County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 84.0% (20.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 42.4% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (7 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.5% (9,098 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 13.6% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#2. Tishomingo County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 90.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 52.5% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: data not available<br /> --- 76% full in Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 248 (48 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 36.2% (7,011 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 23.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> <h2>#1. Lee County, MS</h2> <p>- Inpatient beds occupied: 99.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 67.8% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - ICU beds occupied: 91.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients)<br /> --- 19.7% more full than Mississippi overall<br /> - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 185 (158 cases)<br /> - Population that is fully vaccinated: 40.3% (34,459 fully vaccinated)<br /> --- 14.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi</p> </article> </section> <script src="https://analytics.stacker.com/tracking/e8b20463-f172-4f79-ae86-2ab9090ca90a/script.js"></script>
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Story name: Counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity in Mississippi Canonical URL: https://stacker.com/mississippi/counties-lowest-hospital-bed-capacity-mississippi Written by: Stacker Description: Stacker compiled a list of counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity Mississippi using data from U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Counties with the lowest hospital bed capacity in Mississippi The deployment of vaccines beginning in December signaled a turning point in the pandemic. By Feb. 2,more Americans had been vaccinated for COVID-19 than had been infected. But as vaccination rates lagged over the summer, new surges of COVID-19 came. More than 80% of these cases by late July were caused by the Delta variant, which is more contagious than the original virus. This has resulted in growing rates of community transmission and—especially in areas with lower vaccination rates—increasing rates of hospitalization and death. The United States reached 782,794 COVID-19-related deaths and 48.7 million COVID-19 cases as of Dec. 1, according to Johns Hopkins University. Currently, 59.4% of the U.S. population is fully vaccinated. Epidemiologists say the lower the vaccination rate, the more the virus has the opportunity to continue to evolve and become more dangerous. Stacker compiled a list of the counties with the lowest in-patient bed capacity in Mississippi using data from the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Counties are ranked by the percent of in-patient hospital beds filled as of Dec. 1, with ICU availability serving as a tiebreaker. Hospitalization data was available for about 77% of counties in the U.S. Keep reading to see what hospital capacity looks like in your county. #50. Chickasaw County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 32.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 45.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 228 (39 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.9% (7,684 fully vaccinated) --- 4.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #49. Lowndes County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 65.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 14.5% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 58 (34 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.1% (27,616 fully vaccinated) --- 0.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #48. Montgomery County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (4 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.8% (5,062 fully vaccinated) --- 10.0% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #47. Noxubee County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 19 (2 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.5% (5,363 fully vaccinated) --- 9.3% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #46. Winston County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 33.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 44.1% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 6 (1 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.5% (7,998 fully vaccinated) --- 5.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #45. Clay County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 35.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 40.7% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 14.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 81.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (8 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.4% (8,196 fully vaccinated) --- 10.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #44. Webster County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 35.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 40.7% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 124 (12 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.1% (4,372 fully vaccinated) --- 4.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #43. Neshoba County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 36.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 39.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 48 (14 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 36.8% (10,701 fully vaccinated) --- 21.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #42. Franklin County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 36.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 39.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 156 (12 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 44.1% (3,403 fully vaccinated) --- 6.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #41. Panola County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 37.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 37.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 0.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 100.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 114 (39 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 43.1% (14,728 fully vaccinated) --- 8.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #40. Grenada County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 37.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 37.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 40.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 47.4% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 24 (5 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.7% (10,113 fully vaccinated) --- 3.4% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #39. Lincoln County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 38.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 35.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 21.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 72.4% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 32 (11 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.7% (12,185 fully vaccinated) --- 24.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #38. Pearl River County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 38.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 35.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 31.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 29 (16 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 43.3% (24,039 fully vaccinated) --- 8.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #37. Claiborne County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 40.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 32.2% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 22 (2 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.5% (4,450 fully vaccinated) --- 5.1% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #36. Rankin County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 41.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 30.5% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 84.0% (15.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 10.5% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 59 (92 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.9% (74,298 fully vaccinated) --- 1.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #35. Wayne County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 42.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 28.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 48.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 36.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 20 (4 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.8% (7,225 fully vaccinated) --- 24.0% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #34. Sunflower County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 31.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 72 (18 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.9% (12,267 fully vaccinated) --- 3.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #33. George County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 88.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 15.8% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 12 (3 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 37.5% (9,192 fully vaccinated) --- 20.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #32. Jasper County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 47.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 20.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 49 (8 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.9% (7,526 fully vaccinated) --- 2.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #31. Jefferson County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 48.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 18.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 14 (1 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 63.5% (4,438 fully vaccinated) --- 34.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #30. Pike County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 50.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 15.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 90.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 18.4% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (16 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.9% (18,036 fully vaccinated) --- 2.5% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #29. Wilkinson County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 50.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 15.3% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 23 (2 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 59.5% (5,138 fully vaccinated) --- 26.3% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #28. Madison County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (13.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 67.0% (27.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 11.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 59 (63 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 58.8% (62,474 fully vaccinated) --- 24.8% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #27. Monroe County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 90.0% (40.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 18.4% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 165 (58 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.0% (16,573 fully vaccinated) --- 0.2% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #26. Pontotoc County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 52.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 11.9% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 121 (39 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.7% (12,453 fully vaccinated) --- 17.8% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #25. Warren County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 54.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 8.5% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 85.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 11.8% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 57 (26 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.1% (24,093 fully vaccinated) --- 12.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #24. Washington County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 54.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 8.5% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 92.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 21.1% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 9 (4 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 45.5% (19,991 fully vaccinated) --- 3.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #23. Tippah County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (7.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 164 (36 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.9% (8,558 fully vaccinated) --- 17.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #22. Simpson County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 53 (14 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 41.4% (11,026 fully vaccinated) --- 12.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #21. Kemper County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 55.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 6.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 51 (5 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 41.1% (4,006 fully vaccinated) --- 12.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #20. Marion County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 56.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 5.1% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 100.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 31.6% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 61 (15 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.1% (10,336 fully vaccinated) --- 10.6% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #19. Scott County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 56.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 5.1% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 28 (8 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.2% (12,981 fully vaccinated) --- 1.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #18. Copiah County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 59.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 0.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 53 (15 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.3% (13,841 fully vaccinated) --- 4.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #17. Oktibbeha County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 60.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 1.7% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 62.0% (17.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 18.4% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 32 (16 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 47.9% (23,757 fully vaccinated) --- 1.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #16. Covington County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 60.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 1.7% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 113 (21 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.5% (8,658 fully vaccinated) --- 1.3% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #15. Bolivar County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 61.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 3.4% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 45.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 40.8% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 36 (11 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 54.0% (16,528 fully vaccinated) --- 14.6% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #14. DeSoto County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 61.0% (4.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 3.4% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 73.0% (13.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 3.9% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 75 (139 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 48.6% (89,944 fully vaccinated) --- 3.2% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #13. Lauderdale County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 64.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 8.5% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 76.0% (9.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 0.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 61 (45 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 46.9% (34,755 fully vaccinated) --- 0.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #12. Lafayette County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 64.0% (5.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 8.5% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 114.0% (36.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 50.0% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 78 (42 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 51.1% (27,589 fully vaccinated) --- 8.5% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #11. Forrest County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 67.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 13.6% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 86.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 13.2% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 67 (50 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.3% (28,667 fully vaccinated) --- 18.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #10. Jones County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 71.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 20.3% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 84.0% (1.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 10.5% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 68 (46 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 39.7% (27,008 fully vaccinated) --- 15.7% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #9. Harrison County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 72.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 22.0% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 57.0% (9.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 25.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 46 (95 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 50.0% (104,104 fully vaccinated) --- 6.2% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #8. Alcorn County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 74.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 25.4% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 74.0% (16.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 2.6% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 78 (29 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 35.9% (13,259 fully vaccinated) --- 23.8% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #7. Hinds County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 77.0% (2.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 30.5% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 86.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 13.2% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 50 (115 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.0% (122,899 fully vaccinated) --- 12.5% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #6. Adams County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 78.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 32.2% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 57.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 25.0% more availability than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 23 (7 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 49.8% (15,279 fully vaccinated) --- 5.7% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #5. Jackson County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 81.0% (3.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 37.3% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 81.0% (8.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 6.6% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 34 (49 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 42.8% (61,402 fully vaccinated) --- 9.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #4. Tallahatchie County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 81.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 37.3% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 43 (6 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 38.2% (5,279 fully vaccinated) --- 18.9% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #3. Holmes County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 84.0% (20.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 42.4% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 41 (7 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 53.5% (9,098 fully vaccinated) --- 13.6% higher vaccination rate than Mississippi #2. Tishomingo County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 90.0% (0.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 52.5% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: data not available --- 76% full in Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 248 (48 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 36.2% (7,011 fully vaccinated) --- 23.1% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi #1. Lee County, MS - Inpatient beds occupied: 99.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 67.8% more full than Mississippi overall - ICU beds occupied: 91.0% (6.0% by COVID-19 patients) --- 19.7% more full than Mississippi overall - Cases per 100k in last 7 days: 185 (158 cases) - Population that is fully vaccinated: 40.3% (34,459 fully vaccinated) --- 14.4% lower vaccination rate than Mississippi
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It is possible to set-up hierarchies between different attributes to help the system understand the hierarchy of your organisation.
An advantage of setting up hierarchical relationships between attributes is that you are able to add a manager to any parent attribute segments and they will automatically also gain access to any child attributes.
This is also useful when viewing the heat map, as it makes analysing survey results by hierarchy more streamlined, since an increased level of granularity can be achieved by simply clicking on the segment to reveal the related segments.
This article will contain:
How it works
Viewing hierarchies in the dashboard
Who can access hierarchies
For configuration of attribute hierarchies, see Configuring attribute hierarchies.
How it works
Hierarchies are made of child and parent attributes, in order to help the system understand the hierarchical order.
Child attribute
This is the lower attribute. For example, when connecting Region and Country, Country would be the child attribute.
A child attribute can also be a parent attribute in another hierarchical relationship, ie. the Country attribute would be the parent attribute of the Department attribute.
Parent attribute
This is the attribute above the child attribute. Using the Region <> Country example, Region is the parent attribute.
A parent attribute can also be a child attribute in another hierarchical relationship, for example Entity could be the parent attribute of Region.
Start by identifying which attributes should be included in a logical hierarchy that would give the correct access. Usually, it's the case that the attributes with the least amount of segments are at the top of the hierarchy gradually increasing in segment amounts the further you go down. For example:
Entity → Country → Business unit → Department → Team → Manager
It's not always necessary to link up all the attributes in the hierarchy, especially when it's only for access purposes.
For example, if you have an HR team who should see all the results except for their own department's results, you could consider mapping the manager attribute to the country attribute and then exclude all the HR managers in the relationship configuration.
Then adding HR managers/employees to the country segments will mean they'll see all the results for a country and the manager segments in each country bar their own department/team manager results.
Automatic versus manually updated hierarchies
As of 13th August 2020, it's possible for hierarchies to update automatically when employee changes take place. Instructions on how to move a manual hierarchy to automated mode can be found in Configuring attribute hierarchies.
Automatically updating hierarchies: The hierarchy will automatically update and it is not possible to add to or edit the hierarchy manually.
Manually updating hierarchies: The hierarchy will be outdated if segment relationships have changed after an employee update. The administrator will need to confirm directly on the hierarchy that it must be updated to reflect the latest data set. It is always possible to manually add segments or edit segments on manual hierarchies.
Considerations
Access to manage hierarchies Account administrators and users with access to manage attributes.
Type of attributes which can be used in a hierarchy Only option type attributes can be added to hierarchies. Each attribute can be added to multiple hierarchies.
Automatically suggested segments
When suggesting relationships, Peakon will only suggest segments containing 2 or more employees.
In order for a segment to be automatically suggested in a hierarchical relationship, every single employee must follow the hierarchy.
It is possible to manually add segments to hierarchies, however it would be advisable to double check employee records first due to the above point.
Deleting and re-adding hierarchies When deleting and re-adding a hierarchy, no data is lost other than any manual edits. This is important when considering that it’s not possible to make edits to identified relationships when the Update hierarchies automatically is toggled on.
Restricted segments A user who is assigned as the manager of a parent segment will be able to see all its associated child segments, even if they have been restricted. This is because restrictions exclude instances where a segment or a parent segment have been assigned for someone to manage.
Viewing hierarchies in the dashboard
Child segments of a hierarchy will be visible in two ways:
Through the context switcher if the user is set as a segment manager of the parent segment
In the segment heat map, by expanding the parent segment
In the example below, I can have a quick overview of the 'North, Central and South America' region and identify any offices with lower engagement scores. Clicking on the drop-down arrow will reveal related segments and their scores directly on the heat map.
Who can access hierarchies
Managers will only be able to see segments that they have access to, either through being assigned to that segment or the segment being part of their downward hierarchy. Only segments that meet the Number of responses threshold will be displayed in the heat map and on dashboards.
Managers who are set as segment managers of the parent attribute
If a user is set as the manager of a specific Region segment, and that segment is the parent segment of multiple Country segments, the user will be able to not only view these countries in their segments page, but also switch their context to the full, standalone segments of these countries.
Furthermore, if the Country segments are parent segments of other segments, the user will be able to access those the same way.
Managers who do not manage a parent attribute
When viewing the heat map, there will be an option to allow all child segments to be added to the heat map, where applicable. Child segments will always be within the selected dashboard context and allow managers to easily add the segments beneath the current segment's context. Child segments will only be visible if they have met the visibility requirements, with regards to participation.
Here, it is also possible to export the data with the hierarchical set up visible in the export.
In the example below, a senior manager Marguerite is viewing her team dashboard. The two managers reporting into Marguerite directly have their own teams and therefore break out into manager segments. As these are child segments of the overall context she is using, she is able to quickly split her data down to these segments. Both of these managers have managers reporting into them as well, so Marguerite is able to split down her extended team even further.
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What does it take to craft a new book about an old trail? Philip D’Anieri chose to focus on the people who shaped the Appalachian Trail, shining a spotlight on one or two from each era of the trail. His book, The Appalachian Trail: A Biography, consists of a series of biographies that trace the evolution of the Appalachian Trail (AT) from a dream to a reality. The choice to craft a biography-centric view of the AT was both unique and appropriate–each chapter captures the unique skills and approaches of each individual, reflecting the balance between solitude and individualism with importance of community on the AT. As a collection, the book demonstrates how each person’s vision, matched with their unique talents and foibles, helped mold the AT into what it is today. Rather than focusing primarily on the role of technology in understanding trail use on the trail perspective,
Philip D’Anieri is a lecturer in architecture and regional planning at the University of Michigan. He admits that he’s not much of a hiker, and an outsider to the AT community, so it seems like an odd choice for him to focus on a hiking trail that stretches over 2000 miles through the Appalachian mountains. His introductory chapter includes a description of his own section hike of a small portion of the trail, on which he “failed to summit a mountain of utterly mediocre stature”. It became increasingly clear to him that he hadn’t prepared well–he didn’t understand how challenging the climb would be, he started late in the day with the possibility of ending in the dark, and, perhaps most egregiously, he failed to bring any water. He redefined victory, embracing his “up and down” experience to that moment and eschewing the dangers of extending it, as he cut short his hike and returned to his car.
So it might be comforting to know that D’Anieri doesn’t approach his storytelling from the perspective of an expert hiker, but as an expert in urban and regional planning. His teaching and research has explored how urban areas evolve through intentional decisions and uncontrolled events, and he turns that lens to seek to understand the AT. He chooses to focus on select individuals who were instrumental in the evolution of the AT, acknowledging that, in so doing, he walks the line between oversimplifying the evolution of the AT and understating the rich lives of the people who are profiled in an effort to highlight the symbiosis between the evolution of the AT and the lives of the people who were part of the evolution. His exploration includes the original mapping of what would become the AT by Arnold Guyot, the vision for a trail from Benton MacKay contrasted with the reality organized and executed by Myron Avery, the early thru-hiker tales spun by Earl Shaffer and Emma “Grandma” Gatewood, and the telling of the trail by gifted storyteller Bill Bryson. He provides pointers to additional readings about the AT and about many of the featured individuals for the interested reader.
D’Anieri also summarizes the ways that technology has influenced the AT experience. He details three changes that have come about because of technology: (1) “how quickly and easily trail knowledge moves around” including through maps, progress updates, and pre-trip research; (2) social media and the “public performance” aspects of a hike, in which you endeavor to develop and promote a personal brand (which should include the many blogs that emerge each year); and (3) the “blurring of dividing line between civilization and nature” which leads to everything from doing business to contacting Mom becoming an obligation that is difficult to escape–people know you are in contact and expect prompt responses to their queries and entreats!
If you want to read more about the book, check out the official book site, an interview in Discover magazine, or a University of Michigan article. Or, if you haven’t already, go read the book!
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Delanna Studi’s And So We Walked November 19, 2021
Reading reflection: Philip D’Anieri’s The Appalachian Trail: A Biography October 16, 2021
BOOK RELEASE: HCI Outdoors January 16, 2021
GROUP 2020 January 30, 2020
Projects: HCI Outdoors undergrad + grad course Fall 2019 January 2, 2020
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About the Author Alan Dix Allison Druin Ambient Wood anthropology Appalachian Trail apps asocial hiking A Walk in the Woods book review Cascades hike class community cultural probe culture data Ellie Harmon environmentalism hiking Ingold Introduction Introduction to Data in Social Context John Jelesko John Munsell lines maps Nicholas Polys Norman Su open data paper review Pirsig privacy projects quantified self reading group Roanoke seamfulness security selfie subculture technology thru hiking trail regulations trails VTechTrail walking wildlife wild theory Yvonne Rogers
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0.985702 |
Building a successful e-commerce platform takes dedication, smart marketing, and appealing pricing – elements that take a long time to nail down.
However, no matter how well-optimized your SEO may be or how much revenue the platform might make, a potential crisis is always just around the corner. Based on Fortunly, more than 80% of online shopping carts are abandoned before checkout, and e-commerce businesses lose ~$75 billion yearly due to poor servicing. Also, according to 99 Firms, only 2.86% of e-commerce visits convert into purchases, with slow website load times increasing cart abandonment by 75%. With “over 2 billion people…buying goods and services online in 2021″, if your business is not optimized and available to potential customers 24/7, you will quickly lose revenue.
You can never know how customer expectations might change or what innovation the e-commerce industry might introduce overnight. In order to avoid downtime and loss of precious revenue, writing a crisis management plan can help mitigate those scenarios.
Let’s take a look at what it takes to write a solid crisis management plan for your e-commerce platform in 2020.
WHY WRITING A CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR E-COMMERCE MATTERS
Crisis management is undoubtedly a delicate subject matter, especially in light of COVID-19, which has upturned the world from its roots. In times like these, having access to a well-written crisis management plan for your e-commerce platform is more than welcome.
That is why careful consideration should be made in regards to possible crisis scenarios, fictional as they may be, to avoid actual loss of revenue. Business leaders who think ahead of the competition are far more likely to survive the storm and come out of a crisis scenario stronger than before.
Some of the main benefits of writing a crisis management plan include but are not limited to:
Smart allocation of available resources at a time of crisis
Quick identification of bottlenecks and critical errors in the business model
More efficient internal communication and coordination for the sake of crisis resolution
Increased lifespan of your e-commerce platform due to proactive planning and crisis management
PRE-CRISIS CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Before we jump into the process of writing a crisis management plan, we need to discuss how such a plan can be implemented. Keep in mind that a plan is just a plan without real-world people there to implement it.
As such, some precautionary steps should be taken in order to ensure that your plan is able to function as intended:
Create a crisis team – assemble a project team made up of like-minded coworkers who will be in charge of putting the crisis management plan in motion
Create a login backup – a login backup contains all critical login information present in the company; such a file may be necessary in case of cyber attacks
Assemble a tool stack – give your team access to tools, from essay writing help online and cloud-based platforms such as Evernote or Readable, to anti-malware and network management software
Test your crisis plans – once different crisis management scenarios are outlined, make sure that your team tests them in a controlled environment as part of the practice and plan refinement
WRITING A SOLID CRISIS MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR E-COMMERCE
Set up multiple triggers
Now that we have a rudimentary understanding of crisis management, let’s discuss writing a plan to mitigate potential crisis scenarios. Given that crisis can happen in a number of ways, and unexpectedly, the first thing you should do is settle on your crisis triggers.
As we’re talking about e-commerce, we can safely assume several scenarios which we can categorize as “crisis”, such as:
Poor delivery pipeline and problems with shipping
Added costs of shipping, taxes, fees, and others are too high
Too many needed clicks and logins to complete a purchase
Public distrust with your e-commerce platform
Poor return shipping pipeline
These and similar triggers can be at the center of your crisis management plan. From there, you can break down each point into its “why”, as well as “how” to fix the situation as soon as possible.
The best way to discuss such things is to first refer to pre-crisis crisis management as we’ve outlined it previously and go forward from there.
Ensure your employees’ well being
Handling your staff poorly during the crisis will significantly reduce your brand’s public appeal and make it much harder to attract new talent to your e-commerce. When writing a crisis management plan for your e-commerce business, you should consider what to do with your employees if push comes to shove.
Employees on your payroll should never suffer as a result of poor management or drastic changes in the industry (such as with the COVID-19 situation). Make sure to take their well-being and security under consideration in your crisis management plan – more specifically, how will you take care of them?
Cut unnecessary expenditure
When we talk about “unnecessary” expenditure in business development, what do we refer to? Excessive marketing costs such as influencer contracts and PPC should be put on hold during a crisis period. Likewise, any web development changes you’ve been working on can wait until the situation is resolved.
The worst thing about a crisis scenario is that we are never sure of how long it will last. While you may avert your crisis in a matter of hours, it’s good practice to cut unnecessary costs momentarily in favor of business stability.
Address the crisis at hand
Once a crisis hits, it’s pivotal that you address it head-on and avoid downtime as much as possible. Writing a crisis management plan is all about preparing for the inevitable – however, the unexpected can still happen.
In case of a unique crisis that is not present in your plan, you should assemble the crisis team and consult on how to proceed. Existing plans can be retrofitted for different scenarios and used to effectively mitigate the loss of revenue for your e-commerce platform.
The worst thing you can do, however, is to simply observe the situation and do nothing – make sure to act sooner rather than later.
Make the crisis management plan available
Lastly, in order to mitigate potential crisis scenarios as quickly as possible, you should make the crisis management plan available to all of your employees. The document should include planned scenarios, the contact information on project team members, as well as how office-level employees can contribute in case of emergency.
Potential crisis events are everyone’s responsibility, not just for several chosen employees who are part of the first-response team. Give everyone an opportunity to help out, and your e-commerce business’ internal culture will benefit from it significantly.
Once the crisis has been averted, employees will grow closer in light of working together to solve a large issue – make it a team effort.
IN CONCLUSION
No one likes to think about “the worst-case scenario” for their business, but such an event is an unfortunate possibility. Assemble a crisis team, equip them with the tools to react with, and make sure that everyone in the company is aware of the plan.
Be proactive and plan in advance – write a crisis management plan for your e-commerce in order to anticipate problems before they arrive. Having a solid plan in place will help you to increase your profits, safeguard your website and cash flow, and help you to get better valuations if you decide to sell your e-commerce business.
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Written by Estelle Liotard
Estelle Liotard is a professional Writer, Editor, Content Writing Specialist, and Head of Content Marketing for college paper writing services. Her career consists of an array of contributions to digital marketing, business development, and eCommerce industries in the form of articles and case studies. Estelle is devoted to writing and aims to build a reputable image as an online content specialist with her approachable style and care for details.
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August 26, 2020
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0.986741 |
Another media cover-up: Massive cancellation of flights by Southwest Airlines NOT due to “weather” in Florida, but widespread pilot pushback against COVID vax mandate
zombie
faked
livingfree
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Another media cover-up: Massive cancellation of flights by Southwest Airlines NOT due to “weather” in Florida, but widespread pilot pushback against COVID vax mandate
10/13/2021 / By JD Heyes
Stop us if you’re heard this narrative before: The mainstream media in America is completely compromised, completely worthless, and all-in with the deep state to keep people in the dark and misinformed with wave after wave of propaganda.
That was proven again this week when the media reported on the alleged reasoning behind the cancellation of more than 1,900 flights by Southwest Airlines.
The ‘official’ reason was this: “The airline blamed air traffic control issues and weather in Florida on Friday, saying the ripple effects put planes and employees out of place, and it had too few reserves to pick up the slack. Southwest caters to vacationers, and Florida is a key cog in its operation,” USA Today reported, which was typical of all other outlets.
“It was a very difficult weekend for many of you, and I’ve seen speculation on the reasoning,” Southwest CEO Gary Kelly told employees in his first public comments on the widespread cancellations Monday. “The fact is the Florida weather on Friday and unexpected ATC [air traffic control] issues on Friday night resulted in delays and cancellations across our network, and it just got us behind.”
Really? In a word, no.
According to Fox News host Tucker Carlson, who reported on the incident during his Monday program, the reason why so many flights were canceled so suddenly had nothing to do with the weather, and some to do with ATC issues: In fact, hundreds of pilots and scores more air traffic controllers simply called in sick in protest over COVID-19 vaccine mandates for airlines and federal employees.
Southwest Airlines cancels 1,000 flights and blames it on air traffic control issues and the weather: Passengers are left stranded for a second day in a row after pilots' union sued over vaccine mandate https://t.co/7X0YFP0lXO
— Andrew Bostom, MD, MS (@andrewbostom) October 10, 2021
BREAKING: Air Traffic Controllers In Jacksonville, FL Staged A Walkout Yesterday In Response To The Vaccine Mandate
It’s Being Reported That All Flights In & Out Of FL Were Cancelled As A Result
Mainstream Media Chose Not To Report On This As Of Yet pic.twitter.com/DCSqh8M1eq
— HeadlineHunter! 🚨 Alerts (@freehumanity911) October 9, 2021
Airline sources: mass “sickout” @FAANews center in Jacksonville – caused ripple effect and 1000+ flight cancellations mostly effecting @SouthwestAir – report “sickout” protesting #VaccineMandate
— Leland Vittert (@LelandVittert) October 10, 2021
Is there a media blackout on last night’s air traffic controller walkout in Jacksonville, FL?
Hundreds of flights canceled.
Walkout due to vax mandate
From a trusted source: pic.twitter.com/kCseQMZlal
— Tom Sauer 🇺🇸 ⚓️ 💣 (@thomasbsauer) October 9, 2021
“Southwest Airlines, you may have read this, one of our biggest carriers all but shut down on Saturday and Sunday, the airline canceled thousands of flights. It threw the nation’s famously efficient system of air travel into total chaos. It’s stranded countless travelers in airports. Again, you saw it on the news,” Carlson noted during his monologue.
“The question is how did this happen? Well, the official explanation came right away. It was bad weather on the eastern seaboard. There were thunderstorms. There were also unspecified issues with air traffic control and all of that together forced Southwest Airlines, alone among airlines, to cancel its flights,” he added.
“That’s what the company Southwest Airlines claimed. They claim that in a statement to us today, a long statement. It’s what many media outlets have repeated uncritically for the past two days,” the Fox News host continued.
“And yet we can tell you it is untrue. All of that is a lie. It’s not what happened. We’ve spoken to several people with direct knowledge of what actually did happen. We can tell you that the shutdown of Southwest Airlines over the weekend was a direct consequence — it was a reaction to — Joe Biden’s vaccine mandates,” he said.
“It began last week when Gary Kelly who is a CEO of Southwest, sent an internal memo to his employees declaring that, per Joe Biden’s directive, any Southwest employee who was not fully vaccinated by the 8th of December will be fired. Canned. Done, right before Christmas,” he went on.
“Now, this would include not simply pilots on Southwest and flight attendants, of course, but ramp workers, mechanics, dispatchers, schedulers, ticket agents, people from the top to the very bottom. Many thousands of people,” said the host.
He went on to explain that the reasoning behind the mandate makes no sense especially for Americans who have had the virus — and there are tens of millions who have — and have built up natural immunity, which is far better and stronger than what they’d get from a vaccine.
“Others have sincere religious objections. They object to the use of aborted fetal tissue in the development of pharmaceuticals,” Carlson explained. “And yet others are taking a stand purely on principle. They believe that in a free country, politicians should never be allowed to force citizens to submit to medical treatment they don’t want.
“But whatever their various reasons, the unvaccinated employees of Southwest Airlines, the many of them, are decent, high functioning Americans, and they have watched as their own government has dismissed them out of hand as criminals for reasons that don’t even make sense,” he said.
Later in the show, Carlson interviewed an airline pilot who warned that if even one-third of them are forced out of the industry due to the mandate, the American economy will cease to function properly and the global economy will take a huge hit because of the widespread dependence on air travel.
He then suggested that pilots use that as leverage to push back, which is a great idea.
Sources include:
RealClearPolitics.com
WorldMeters.info
News.Yahoo.com
Tagged Under: airlines, chaos, Collapse, covid-19, lies, mainstream media, propaganda, pushback, shutdown, sick day, sickout, Southwest Airlines, transportation, vaccine mandate, vaccine mandates, vaccine wars, vaccines, walkout
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0.988806 |
Even though we may not focus on it as much, understanding the format of an AP exam is just as important as being well-versed in the class content 📚 Knowing the answer to questions like "How long is the multiple-choice section?" and "What type of questions will I be given in free-response?" helps you avoid surprises on testing day. That way, you can pace yourself throughout, know all the material that is addressed, and most importantly, feel confident in how you did 😄
In this post, we'll be going over everything you need to know multiple choice section of the AP French exam 📝 before test day, from what they look like to what they'll be on. Let's get into it!
MCQ Format & Timing
When you start the exam on test day, the first part that you'll be completing is the multiple-choice section, which is sometimes referred to by the acronym MCQs.
On the AP French exam, this section is made up of 65 questions, 30 that don't have audio and 35 that do. You'll be given 40 minutes to answer the questions without audio and 55 minutes for ones with it, which means you have 1 hour and 35 minutes in total to finish the section. By doing some quick calculations, you can figure out that, ideally, you should spend around 1.3 minutes or less on each question without audio and less than 1.6 minutes for the audio questions, and this includes reading/listening time. Whew, that was too much math 😅.
You might be wondering why all of that math above ⬆️ was important, but it's actually really helpful to know when learning to pace yourself and trying to get a feel for the test. And since this section is worth 50% of your final AP score, it's good to know the ins and outs of it.
Here's a summary of everything we just reviewed about the sections above, the multiple-choice and the multiple-choice with audio:
Section 1A: Multiple Choice ⚪⚪⚪⚫
30 questions based on written materials like advertisements, chart, and literary texts
40 minutes to complete
Section 1B: Multiple Choice with Audio ⚪⚪⚪⚫ 🔊
35 questions based on both literary and audio sources like conversations, presentations, and public service announcements
5 sets total: 2 are a combination of audio and written sources, 3 are just audio
55 minutes to complete
MCQ Topics
As you probably already know, the questions on the exam align to the material covered in the AP French course. This means that each source you read or hear will somehow be related to at least one of the class' units. If you don't know what they are, they're listed below:
Unit 1: Families in Different Societies 👨👩👧👦 👨👦 👩👩👧
Unit 2: The Influence of Language and Culture on Identity 🎼
Unit 3: Influences of Beauty and Art 🎭
Unit 4: How Science and Technology Affect Our Lives 🤖
Unit 5: Factors That Impact the Quality of Life 🏚️
Unit 6: Environmental, Political, and Societal Challenges 🌪️
Example MCQs
Image from the 2011 AP French Language and Culture CED. Example of a source you may see on the exam
So, now that you have an understanding of what type of written sources are on the AP French exam, let's get into some practice multiple choice that you can try.
Image from the 2011 AP French Language and Culture CED. Example of a source you may see on the exam. Be sure to read through it before trying the example problems below!
Image from the 2011 AP French Language and Culture CED. Example of multiple choice questions
The first question is asking "Quelle est la mission de «Vélocratie»?", which means "What is Vélocratie's mission?". After reading the excerpt, you should know that the association gives bikes to those who are in need of one, which means that (B) donner des vélos aux gens qui en ont besoin 🚴♀️ is the best choice.
Question 2 uses a phrase that all AP French students should be familiar with by the end of the course, "le but principal", which means the main purpose. So, the objective that Jeanne Chaudet had in writing this letter ✉️ was to make more people aware of «Vélocratie», which means that (A) accroître la visibilité de «Vélocratie» is the answer.
Last question for this print source! It may be a bit wordier than the two previous ones, but don't let this trip you up; just be sure to read through it well and find the option that best fits the question asked. In this case, it's (D) beaucoup de vélos ne sont pas utilisés du tout 🚳 ou très rarement.
Image from the 2011 AP French Language and Culture CED. Example of a source you may see on the exam. Be sure to read through it before trying the example problems below!
Image from the 2011 AP French Language and Culture CED. Example of multiple choice questions
And now on to a slightly shorter example. Question 1 has that key phrase that we mentioned earlier, which means that you should be looking for "le but principal" or the main purpose of the script above ⬆️ After reading through it, you should get (A) décrire un phénomène sociale as an answer, which means that it is describing a social phenomenon.
Last question! This one is asking for something ironic that is mentioned in the article about the sale of gifts 🎁 The speaker above mentions that those who resell other people's gifts would prefer if the ones they give were not resold, which means that (B) is the best fitting option.
And that's everything you need to know about the multiple-choice section! Hopefully, this post made you feel more comfortable with the content tested in this part and its structure. Whether you feel like you have this section in the bag or need more help with it, be sure to practice lots of multiple-choice questions before exam day in May. Happy studying, and bonne chance 🇫🇷
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0.975167 |
Mrs. Niekamp rewards her students with stickers. She has 1000 stickers. Every single week Mrs. Niekamp gives out 12 stickers. After 16 weeks, how many stickers will Mrs. Niekamp have left?
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In order to figure out how many stickers Mrs. Niekamp has left I would have to multiply 12 by 16 to figure out how many stickers she gave out. So 12X16=192. I will have to take this number and subtract it from 1000 to figure out how many stickers Mrs. Niekamp has left. 1000-192=808. Mrs. Niekamp will have 808 stickers left.
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0.988465 |
To receive unemployment benefits, you must earn a certain amount of income within a 12-month period called the base period. The base period is determined by the date you filed your initial claim for benefits.
If the first full week of your claim is in the month of:
Your base period is the 12 months that ended on the previous:
January, February, or March
September 30
April, May, or June
December 31
July, August, or September
March 31
October, November, or December
June 30
For example, if the first full week of your claim is on March 1, 2021, then your base period is October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020.
You must meet the following wage requirements to be eligible for UI:
You made at least $1,300 in wages in one quarter of the base period;
You must have wages in at least two quarters of the base period;
You must have earned at least $1,950 in wages for the entire base period; and
The total amount you earned during the base period must be at least one- and one-half (1.5) times the wages in your highest quarter or be within $70 of that amount.
Base period wages may be from District employers, the District Government, the Federal Government, the U.S. Military, or employers in other states.
SAMPLE SCENARIO: Tom lost his job as a plumber because his company had to downsize due to the pandemic. If Tom’s first full week of benefit claim is the week of July 5, 2021, then his 12-month base period is April 1, 2020 through March 31, 2021.
Based on the chart below, Tom would be able to receive unemployment benefits. He meets the wage requirements.
Base Period
Quarter 1
(April – June 2020)
Quarter 2
(July – September 2020)
Total wages: $2,100
Wages: $700
Wages: $1,400
$1,400 x 1.5 = $2,100
Weekly benefit amount based on formula + $300 (FPUC)
HOW MUCH MONEY DO I RECEIVE WITH UI?
The amount of money you receive as your weekly benefit is based on the highest amount of money you earned in one quarter during the base period. All claimants can receive a standard 26 weeks of benefits. The maximum weekly benefit amount you may receive is $444.
You may collect benefits up to your maximum benefit amount for weeks that fall within your benefit year. Your benefit year is the 52-week period that begins with the Sunday of the week when you first filed your claim for benefits.
You may not file a new unemployment claim until your current benefit year has ended. However, if you use up your benefits before your benefit year is over, you may be able to file a new claim in another state if you have worked in that state and you meet that state’s requirements for filing a claim.
WHEN WILL I RECEIVE MY FIRST CLAIM PAYMENT?
Within a week after you file your initial claim, you should receive a Notice of Monetary Determination by mail.
This notice will let you know:
If you made enough wages to get unemployment benefits;
What your weekly benefit amount will be;
What your maximum benefit amount will be;
The date your benefits will end;
The base period of your claim; and
Which wages were used to calculate your benefits.
As of September 5, 2021, under District law, there is a one-week waiting period before benefits are paid. The waiting period is the first week for which you would otherwise be eligible. Generally, this is the first week of your claim. No payment is made during the waiting period. If you are denied from receiving benefits, the notice will show which requirement you did not meet.
WHAT WOULD DISQUALIFY ME FROM RECEIVING BENEFITS?
You may be disqualified from receiving benefits if you:
Voluntarily left your job without good cause
Were fired from your job for any type of misconduct
Refused to apply for or accept suitable work without good cause
Participated in a labor dispute other than a lockout
Were unable to work or unavailable for work
Failed to report wages as directed
Did not participate in designated reemployment services
Did not attend a training course recommended by the Department of Employment Services
Are not authorized to work in the United States
A list of exceptions to disqualifications and ineligibilities can be found in the Claimant’s Rights and Responsibilities Handbook (page 8).
If you are disqualified to receive benefits, you will be mailed a written Notice of Determination from a claims examiner to inform you why you were disqualified, and the period covered by the decision. If you disagree with the decision, you have the right to file an appeal with the Office of Administrative Hearings (OAH).
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Freelance work has become increasingly popular because freelancers have the freedom to decide where they work and what their work hours are. However, some businesses and companies are wary of hiring freelancers. With the advent of virtual offices in the Philippines, more and more freelancers are able to hone their skills. What companies do not realize is that there are actually many advantages to hiring freelancers, whether they work in-house or from home.
Reduces costs
One benefit of hiring a freelancer is that it is a lot cheaper than hiring a full-time employee. Generally, freelancers work from home and set their own work hours so there is no need to include employee vacation, sick pay, and other benefits in their salary. Additionally, freelancers are accustomed to working independently and go into a job with the knowledge and skills needed. Thus, there is often no need to spend extra time and resources on employee training.
High-quality work at a fast rate
Professional freelancers are widely known for delivering high-quality work at fast rates. You can always count on freelancers to be motivated to perform excellently, since having a reliable reputation is essential for them to succeed. Freelancers earn most from clients and companies who like their work enough to hire them again, possibly as in-house freelancers. To maintain their relationships with clients and successfully make a living off of freelancing, independent workers need to keep the quality of their work high.
Additionally, flexibility in work schedule actually allows freelancers to work during times when regular employees are typically on breaks, such as weekends and holidays. While your office may be closed, it is possible for freelancers to work from a virtual office in the Philippines and submit their work by morning.
Lots of work experience
Independent workers, especially professionals who have been freelancing for several years, often have a lot more work experience in their resume than the average employee. With each new client, freelancers gain all kinds of work experiences and pick up new skills along the way. Thus, hiring an in-house freelancer could bring a fresh and unique perspective that your company can learn a lot from.
Large networks
Another advantage is that freelancers often have many connections. Freelance work provides many opportunities to expand one’s network and make various connections in the industry, such as when they work in co-working spaces or an events space in BF Paranaque. With the help of an independent worker, you could easily make invaluable business relationships with big names and influencers in the industry.
More innovative and creative
In addition to being reliable and fast, freelancers are also known for being innovative and creative. An outside perspective could be just what your project needs to put give your company an extra edge over the competition. Additionally, freelancers are also known for being particularly tech-savvy. For instance, freelancers in the field of web design or technical support can help immensely in upgrading the programs and technology being used in your company.
Get a specific job done
Another reason why hiring independent workers are so convenient is that they can be hired strictly on a need basis. Rather than go through the hassle of training an employee to do a specific job that they have yet to learn or master, you can finish the job faster by hiring a freelancer who specializes in that field. Hiring a specialized freelancer can be extremely helpful, especially in cases when you lack the resources to do the job yourself. Moreover, having in-house freelancers who are experts in particular fields or jobs will help greatly in keeping the quality of your products or services at the highest standard possible.
International Reach
Another great option your company can look into is hiring freelancers stationed abroad. Because freelancers often work from their computers, you can easily reach and employ freelance workers from all over the world. International freelancers have the potential to bring experiences, skills, and insights that no one else could to the table. While it would not be possible to hire independent workers from abroad as in-house freelancers, there is still a lot that can be gained from employing their help and services.
Key Takeaway
Freelance work is not only extremely advantageous for the freelancers themselves but also for the companies they work for. Freelancers are able to get the job done and more at reduced costs. They are also known for having invaluable characteristics such as creativity, reliability, independence, and more. Overall, hiring freelancers is a convenient and profitable option that all companies should consider.
About Sean
Sean Si is a motivational speaker and is the head honcho and editor-in-chief of SEO Hacker. He does SEO Services for companies in the Philippines and Abroad. Connect with him at Facebook, LinkedIn or Twitter.
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Autism is a condition which affects how a person communicates with others. It can be characterized in varying degrees by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and non verbal communication and repetetive behaviours.
What is Autism?
Autism is a condition which affects how a person communicates with others. It can be characterized in varying degrees by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and non verbal communication and repetetive behaviours.
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Create a blog post subtitle that summarizes your post in a few short, punchy sentences and entices your audience to continue reading.
Welcome to your blog post. Use this space to connect with your readers and potential customers in a way that’s current and interesting. Think of it as an ongoing conversation where you can share updates about business, trends, news, and more.
“Do you have a design in mind for your blog? Whether you prefer a trendy postcard look or you’re going for a more editorial style blog - there’s a stunning layout for everyone.”
You’ll be posting loads of engaging content, so be sure to keep your blog organized with Categories that also allow visitors to explore more of what interests them.
Create Relevant Content
Writing a blog is a great way to position yourself as an authority in your field and captivate your readers’ attention. Do you want to improve your site’s SEO ranking? Consider topics that focus on relevant keywords and relate back to your website or business. You can also add hashtags (#vacation #dream #summer) throughout your posts to reach more people, and help visitors search for relevant content.
Blogging gives your site a voice, so let your business’ personality shine through. Choose a great image to feature in your post or add a video for extra engagement. Are you ready to get started? Simply create a new post now.
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A career in corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered the holy grail for many professionals. Whether you are looking to switch into CSR or start your career it can be incredibly daunting (and competitive). How do you break into break into the limited number of CSR roles if you’re coming from nonprofit or have limited experience?
Good news is, this is a growing area of priority for companies, and it is possible with hard work, patience and tenacity. Here are 10 tips for a career in corporate social responsibility:
1. UNDERSTAND THE VARIETY.
CSR is an umbrella term that many companies use to describe a variety of activities. To some businesses, CSR can refer to their sustainability efforts (minimizing their environmental footprint), their investment in community initiatives, their employee volunteerism, or the management of their corporate foundations. You could also be consulting or advising corporations on their CSR efforts.
2. FOCUS ON YOUR SKILL SET.
Companies want to know what you can do for them, and how your unique skill set will be beneficial for the company. In CSR it’s about knowing how to communicate well and turn insights and research into compelling cases in presentations, writings and conversations. There always needs to be a business case for why things should be done, with small CSR budgets, it is important that you can be resourceful and connect the dots.
Key skills and competencies as identified by CSR professionals:
Interpersonal: CSR leads are required to work across departments and are responsible for communicating and collaborating with others. CSR is not always in an established department, so you need to rely on your relationships to get things done. You have to be a visible leader and able to rally the troops.
Communication: Knowing how to communicate well, both verbally and written is a critical must-have skill for a career in corporate social responsibility. You are responsible for communicating everything from the business case to your impact and need to be able to tailor the message to different audiences and stakeholders.
Systems thinking and connecting the dots: CSR is a cross sectoral and often requires partnerships with other organizations. Being able to see the big picture and explain how your organization fits into the greater cause will be important.
Business Acumen: Strategic thinking, sustainability, research, analytics, and marketing are some of the most common skill-sets looked for in a CSR role (dependant on the company).
3. FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE LANGUAGE OF CSR.
If you’re looking to get a job in CSR it’s important you’re able to speak the language of sustainability. If you want to walk the walk, you need to talk the talk. As CSR can be a cross-sectoral field, it will become increasingly important to understand the terminology of business, non-profit, and public policy. Here’s our beginner’s guide to CSR language.
4. BUILD YOUR PERSONAL BRAND.
Let your online presence speak louder than the words on your resumé by showing, not just telling future employers what you’re expertise is in. Ensure your LinkedIn profile is up to date, and share your thoughts and knowledge. A well-crafted online presence can go a long way to differentiating you from your competition. Who knows—your future boss could be your latest Twitter follower or blog reader.
ps- Don’t wait until you’re job searching to do this!
5. TAKE ADVANTAGE OF NETWORKING EVENTS.
Don’t spend all your time perfecting your resumé and responding to job ads. Attend conferences and events to build your network and expand your connections in the sector. A large number of jobs are filled through connections and referrals, as people like to hire people they already know or have heard of.
6. TALK TO PEOPLE.
Talking to people who have the type of job you want or who are working for organizations you are interested in is one of the best ways to learn more about potential job opportunities. Before you start leveraging your network (or your contacts’ network) to set up informational interviews, take the time to ask yourself what you want. If you start meeting with people before you are ready, you risk making a poor first impression.
7. EMBRACE TWITTER.
Never has access to top industry experts been so available as many CSR leaders have twitter accounts. Follow these key hashtags: #CSR, #susty #ESG, #SRI, #CSRchat (a twitter chat about CSR), #sustainability
8. BE RESOURCEFUL.
Go above and beyond to learn about the industry you are interested in. Investigate the company you are targeting, uncover details and work hard to set yourself apart. Demonstrate that you took the time to get to know the topic you are heading into.
9. GET INTRAPRANEURIAL.
Not everyone can find their CSR job right away, but there’s ways to make any job more meaningful. Bring forward your favourite cause/charity, spearhead a volunteer program, help plan a sustainability program for your company or get your company B corp certified.
10. READ MORE.
Stay up to date with the latest issues and trends with these resources:
Corporate Knights
Stanford Social Innovation Review
CSRwire
Triple Pundit
3bl
Aspen Institute
Net Impact
Boston College Centre for Corporate Citizenship
Are we missing any tips or resources? Let us know in the comments below. If you found this post helpful, please share it 🙂
For more insights- read the Impact Economy: The Insider’s Guide to Finding Meaningful Work and Attracting Top Talent
Want more curated content delivered straight to your inbox?
Follow us on twitter @b_meaningful and like us on Facebook
Tags:Career advice,Corporate Social Responsibility,CSR jobs,Job search
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4 Comments
Shane O'Connor
February 3, 2015 at 5:44 pm — Reply
Great post! I encourage you to at the Boston College Center for Corporate Citizenship to your resource list.
http://ccc.bc.edu/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageID=4&userid=8221
admin
February 3, 2015 at 9:02 pm — Reply
Thanks Shane! We appreciate your suggestion and have included it in our list 🙂
Riham
May 29, 2016 at 9:23 am — Reply
more than awesome , I wish to enter these field 🙂 I like sustainability and all its related activities .
can you add which skills and related courses to make me ready for this position 🙂
Dani
April 19, 2018 at 2:57 am — Reply
are there any certifications or courses that can help a candidate stand out amongst their peers?
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In his book, Law and Legitimacy in the Supreme Court, Richard Fallon, Jr., seeks to address the pertinent questions regarding judicial authority in their decision making processes. He argues that the Court’s decisions maintain their authority and, therefore, a moral obligation for others to follow their decisions, based on their legitimacy which he thinks can be measured in three ways: sociologically, legally, and morally. With this basis in mind, he further posits a tool for Supreme Court Justices to use in their decision making, which he calls the Reflective Equilibrium Theory, that seeks to describe the best way to maintain this authority in their rulings. In this paper, I seek to show that Fallon’s argument and theory are both internally and externally inconsistent; but, with some modification, can be salvaged and properly applied by the judiciary – more specifically, by the Supreme Court. This paper will proceed by, first, examining the jurisprudential underpinnings that both Fallon and I employ as our foundation in assessing legal authority followed by an in-depth explanation of Fallon’s theory coupled with my objection and recommendations. Finally, then, I will offer a modified theory and explain the importance of its implementation in judicial decision making.
Student(s):
Katherine Knapp
Faculty Mentor:
Dr. Brian Collins
A Utilitarian Critique of Adam Smith's Capitalism
View abstract
In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith details one of the most influential economic theories of our time by laying out the framework of a free market, capitalistic economy. In the philosophical work, Smith defends capitalism as the best economic system in that it allows for equal opportunity of upward mobility. Additionally, he asserts that the paramount interests of a society are that of increasing wealth and continual economic growth. He argues the most effective way to promote societal interests is through the promotion of individual interests, as individuals, being active participants within the system, are the best judges of the market. In this essay, I employ the theory of utilitarianism to critique Smith’s claims of the successes of capitalism. I argue that the free markets within a capitalist system create unequal opportunity of upward mobility, which, in contrast to Smith, harms rather than benefits the most vulnerable members of society. I assert that the main interest of society is that of utility, and the pursuit of individual interest directly inhibits the maximization of utility, thus harming rather than benefiting the most vulnerable members of society. In the second portion of the essay, I use the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States as a contemporary case study to further demonstrate the ways in which Adam Smith’s free-market capitalism fails to meet the claimed successes by Smith.
Student(s):
Shaun Nestor
Faculty Mentor:
Dr. Brian Collins
Homelessness: The Ouroboros of Oppression Implications from the Condition of Homelessness
View abstract
THIS PAPER, written by an undergraduate student at California Lutheran University, by and for his Philosophy Capstone, seeks to expose a threat of truly monstrous proportion. Through the groundwork in the field of (non-ideal) epistemology, an ontologically accurate depiction of the homeless condition is drawn. The oppression that this concept tracks begins with a negative internalization vis-à-vis epistemic oppression. It is later revealed that this is how the ‘Ouroboros’ is largely unknown to the relatively privileged who do not experience similar patterns of shared challenges. The Ouroboros reveals itself to those it oppresses by means of standpoint epistemology. The subjugated knowledge of the marginalized homeless population is the key to revealing knowledge about the monster. The paper continues with a poetic analysis of homeless testimony. The monster is then depicted in an account of the social ontology for the condition of homelessness. Within this account it is argued that a social contract exists, not unlike the ones traditional contractarians offer. An inequity is found in the contract, where the Ouroboros ‘eats its own tail’. It is the same reason why the privileged are largely unaware of the existence of the Ouroboros. Opposing epistemic oppression, person-to-person etiquette between those of varying social positions, opposing negative political policies such as vagrancy laws, and enacting a sustainable economic system that would lift the homeless above the poverty line through a universal basic income is demonstrated.
Student(s):
Christopher Noji
Faculty Mentor:
Dr. Brian Collins
Culpable Ignorance and Moral Blameworthiness
View abstract
In this paper I will be defending the liberal view of culpable ignorance as it relates to moral blameworthiness. I will primarily be defending the 1983 article Culpable Ignorance by Holly Smith. I will be arguing that there are some cases that subject S is not morally blameworthy for morally wrong action X, due to that fact that S was unknowing of information I at the time of his act. Had S known I at the time of his act, I would have successfully dissuaded S from doing X. And, because S had no access to I for various reasons, S had no reasonable or legitimate possibility of knowing better and is thus unable to be held morally culpable. Lastly I will conclude with addressing counter arguments that claim culpable ignorance does not excuse an agent from moral blameworthiness.
Student(s):
Lindy Ortiz
Faculty Mentor:
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Let’s Talk About Porn: An Argument For Pornography In Our Evolving Culture
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The feminist sex and pornography debate has been going on for years now. The anti-porn feminists have been questioning the morality and contending that pornography is harmful to women. They have called for legal limitations and bans on sexual activities related to pornography. At the same time, supporters of pornography have claimed that porn is a form of speech and expression that gives women freedom and power. This debate raises many questions: whether or not pornography is ethical or harmful? Are limitations on pornography justifiable? And should we be putting more institutional restrictions on women, or should we instead focus on changing our country’s sexist culture and fixing the harmful aspects of pornography? These are the questions that need to be explored when talking about a topic such as pornography. As technology becomes more advanced, pornography has been evolving for the better, and these questions have become more critical. It can be challenging to identify whether pornography is so harmful that it needs to be limited or if the limitation of pornography is even possible without creating more harm. This research presents Cathrine Mackinnion’s classic definition of pornography and her argument against pornography. I also explain my defintion of pornography and I examine some other critical feminist arguments for and against pornography. Finally, I argue that certain forms of pornography are harmful and need regulation, while others should be promoted to enhance women’s sexual freedoms.
Student(s):
Thomas Singelyn
Faculty Mentor:
Dr. Brian Collins
Legitimacy, Freedom, and The Minimal State,: A Libertarian Analysis of Republican Freedom
View abstract
This paper examines the ideas of two prominent contemporary political theorists, Robert Nozick and Phillip Pettit, and presents a modified version of their theories on political legitimacy. Nozick, a proponent of the libertarian school of thought, contrasts Pettit’s theory of republican justice, legitimacy, and theory of freedom as non-domination by offering an alternative account of freedom as non-interference. In this paper, I will present both Nozick’s and Pettit’s accounts of political legitimacy, freedom, and the State, provide critiques for each argument, and ultimately present a hybrid theory of political legitimacy. My modified theory presents freedom as non-interference, while supporting a minimal state that arises without the violation of an individual’s freedom and continues to protect those freedoms through a contestatory electorate.
Student(s):
Alyssa Tracy
Faculty Mentor:
Dr. Brian Collins
United We Fall: The Epistemological Disenfranchisement of Black Women in Conventional Feminism
View abstract
We have witnessed many instances of the exclusion of women of color, and specifically Black women, throughout the history of the feminist movement. Historically, the movement has primarily been focused on fighting for the rights of White women, and the experiences and needs of women of color were disregarded. This history is well established and is often acknowledged, but what been left unacknowledged is the exploitation and exclusion of Black women in the conventional feminist movement, which has resulted in many Black women refusing to align with the movement. This paper aims to offer an analysis of the epistemological disenfranchisement of Black women throughout the conventional feminist movement, and how a movement that has marketed itself as being intersectional fails to actually practice intersectionality. Along with this analysis, this paper offers a discussion of why the calls for unity throughout the movement are often denied by Black women, and why a united feminist movement is neither possible nor is it necessary.
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0.986507 |
Breaking Dawn Part 2 premiere: Kristen Stewart thrills in revealing jumpsuit with Robert Pattinson | Daily Mail Online
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Sheer crazy! Kristen Stewart flashes her flesh in revealing lace and sequin jumpsuit as she attends Breaking Dawn premiere with Robert Pattinson
By Sarah Fitzmaurice
Published: 13:11 EST, 14 November 2012 | Updated: 13:41 EST, 15 November 2012
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At the Los Angeles premiere she flashed her rear in a daring dress that boasted an entirely sheer skirt by Zuhair Murad.
And at the London screening of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 Kristen Stewart decided to wear the same designer again, this time showing off the top half of her figure.
The 22-year-old actress flashed plenty of her flesh in the sequin and lace jumpsuit, with sheer panelling prevalent on the garment from the hip up.
SCROLL DOWN FOR VIDEO:
Daring to bear: Kirsten Stewart wore a revealing jumpsuit by Zuhair Murad at the Twilight Breaking Dawn Part 2 premiere on Wednesday night
Nearing the end: Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson and Taylor Lautner posed up together as they arrived at the Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 premiere at Leicester Square
VIDEO: Kristen and R-Patz up close at London Twilight premiere
The intricate pattern of the lace covered her modesty, but the delicate detail meant that she had to forgo a bra.
Lace panels were seen down either side of her legs and a cut out circle dominated the back of the dress.
The actress had ditched her comfortable shoes in favour of a pair of Christian Louboutin heels to walk the red carpet.
Skin on show: The design boasted a cut out back detail that left much of the back of her body exposed
Standing tall: Kristen was seen oozing confidence in the revealing ensemble
Golden girl: Despite causing heartache to many Twilight fans over after being picture kissing a married director Rupert Sanders, Kristen still proved popular with fans in London
To finish off her look Kristen had her auburn hair teased into loose curls and she opted for smokey eye make-up.
Kristen is clearly a fan of Lebanese designer Murad, and wore one of his dresses at the US premiere earlier this week.
She's a fan: The jumpsuit Kristen wore to the London premiere was made by the same designer of the sheer dress she wore to the Los Angeles screening on Monday
Kristen was joined by boyfriend Robert Pattinson on the red carpet and the pair appear to have put their recent split and her cheating behind them.
They seemed happy and relaxed in each other's company as they posed up for pictures.
She's still popular: Kristen was seen signing plenty of autographs as she walked along the red carpet
In good hands: Kristen was seen ushered along the carpet by two big burly bodyguards
With so many devoted R-Patz fans in England Kristen may well have been worried about the reaction she would receive from the crowd in Leicester Square after being pictured kissing married film director Rupert Sanders over the summer.
But she needn't have been concerned as there were plenty of fans eager to show their devotion to the American actress, even on Rob's home turf.
She's a big fan of his work! The 22-year-old actress decided to wear Zuhair Murad, for the second time in a week on the red carpet
Back on track: The pair were seen sharing a joke and a giggle together as they stood on stage
VIDEO: A look at the Twilight Trio at London Premiere:
Of course the man of the moment was enjoying adoration from the home crowd.
He was seen signing autographs and posing for pictures, much to the delight of the patient twi-hards.
While Rob had opted for a bright green Gucci suit earlier this week, the actor wore a Burberry suit to the premiere in a dark palette.
The couple were seen sharing a joke and a giggle together and when they posed up with Taylor Lautner, Kristen and Rob stood closer together.
Sticking to her man: The American starlet leaned in to cuddle Robert as the couple posed for pictures with co-star Taylor
Huge event: The premiere signals the end of one of the most popular film franchises ever
Big smiles: The trio were seen grinning at fans and Taylor was seen waving to a lucky few
Caught on camera: Some fans were lucky enough to get a snap with the heartthrob
Looking dapper: After starling in a green Gucci suit at the LA premiere, Rob stuck to a dark colour for the London event
As ever there was no shortage of famous faces on the red carpet and the premiere is no doubt one of the largest events in Leicester Square this year.
The Saturdays' girls Mollie King, Vanessa White and Frankie Sandford decided to try out a gothic look for the event, wearing black ensembles and dark berry lips. They pulled the look off with aplomb.
The X Factor hopefuls were making the most of their new-found fame and stepped out en masse at the event.
Hands on: The couple were seen holding hands and Rob put his hand around Kristen's back, in a protective fashion
Quick change: The pair left together with Kristen changing into trousers and a dressed down jacket for the latter part of the evening
What's that you've got? Robert and Kristen soon called it a night and were seen leaving in a car complete with a bucket of beers by their sides
Good night ahead: The stares were obviously planning to continue their evening together with a box of Stella Artois in tow
Gothic glamour: Mollie King, Vanessa White and Frankie Sandford opted for dark colours and berry lips
Getting used to their fame: X Factor stars James Arthur and Christopher Maloney attended the premiere with other hopefuls
The transformation is complete: Union J were seen wearing matching velvet jackets
She has got her red carpet pose: Ella Henderson opted for a velvet skater dress and a black biker jacket
Ice maiden: Tamara Ecclestone wore a white dress with sheer sleeves and pannelling while pregnant Peaches Geldof showed off a tiny baby bump
Little and large: Sid Owen was dwarfed by his girlfriend Laura Gardner
Going for gold in the style stakes: Victoria Pendleton wore a beige dress with peplum detail but was one of the few stars to wear a coat. Rebecca Adlington wore a flowing black gown with a split and cut out detail
A world away from Essex: Sam Faiers ditched her short skirts and plunging necklines for a modest black dress by Tahir Sultan as she and Joey Essex headed to the premiere
Union J showed off a dapper look in matching outfits, with the boys wearing black velvet jackets and black trousers for the screening.
Hordes of English fans had pitched up at Leicester Square, hours ahead of the London screening.
By mid-afternoon twi-hards were lining the barriers of the red carpet and in some places people stood patiently with six or seven people already in front of them.
Some had travelled from all over the country and many had been waiting for the screening for days.
Who knew he was a fan? Tinchy Stryder was seen saluting to the twi-hard army
Time to shine: Judi Shekoni who plays Zafraina and MyAnna Buring who plays Tanya in the film showed off their fancy frocks
Twi-hards: Fans of the Twilight films had been waiting hours, some days, for the London premiere on Wednesday night
Breaking Dawn Part 2 is the final film in the vampire series and it will be the last time fans will see Robert Pattinson and Kristen Stewart playing Edward Cullen and Bella Swan.
The pair, who broke up earlier this year after Kristen was seen kissing a married film director, conveniently got back together ahead of the promotional tour for the film.
Hours wait ahead of them: The red carpet hadn't been laid when many fans arrived
Bonkers: It wasn't just Robert fans were queuing for, one fan came from Rome just to see Kristen
They're patient: Many fans didn't want to miss the last London premiere of the Twilight series
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British singer Rita Ora shows off her fit physique in a one-shouldered grey activewear ensemble as she steps out for a beachside stroll in Sydney
Inside Succession star Sarah Snook's sprawling $1.4million rural home near Melbourne - as actress, 34, builds an impressive property portfolio
Ricky Garcia of boy band Forever In Your Mind gets engaged to girlfriend: 'The Garcias coming soon!'
Courteney Cox, Neve Campbell and David Arquette ALL hold Ghostface masks in mysterious new posters for fifth Scream movie
January Jones gets into the holiday spirit as she shares adorable family Christmas throwback snaps
Below Deck's Captain Lee Rosbach reveals why former chief stewardess Francesca Rubi left the show after only one season
Martha Stewart shrugs off Katie Couric comments that she didn't have a sense of humor before prison: 'Old friends can say anything they damn well please'
Elsa Pataky, 45, stuns in new poolside photoshoot as the ageless beauty flaunts her incredible figure
Aaron Carter claims he's TRAPPED in his bedroom because ex-fiancée Melanie Martin 'won't leave' his home following messy split ONE WEEK after she gave birth to baby boy
Joshua Bassett seemingly fires back at ex Olivia Rodrigo with subtle digs in new song Crisis: 'It's cool if you want me to play the bad guy'
Naomi Campbell takes Arise Fashion Week by storm as she models a slew of stunning ensembles on the catwalk in Dubai
Kristin Chenoweth, 53, stuns on the red carpet at the National Christmas Tree lighting ceremony with fiancé Josh Bryant, 39, before performing
'It makes you look small in the areas you don't want to!' Tom Holland jokes about his tight Spiderman suit as he chats about the film with co-star and girlfriend Zendaya
Whoopi Goldberg slams Justice Alito for saying a fetus has an 'interest in having a life' as SCOTUS Roe V Wade arguments begin
Tearful Alec Baldwin says he DOESN'T feel guilty about accidental set shooting, didn't even realize he'd killed cinematographer for an HOUR, and thought she'd had 'heart attack'
Dua Lipa 'heartbroken' as she is forced to pull out of iHeartRadio KIIS FM Jingle Ball after being diagnosed with laryngitis
Mia Goth caresses burgeoning bump as rumors fly that she is 'pregnant' by on/off boyfriend Shia LaBeouf
Bone Thugs-N-Harmony and Three 6 Mafia get into a physical fight while ONSTAGE performing at Verzuz Battle
Kelly Clarkson admits that she is 'feeling alone' and 'plain sad' during her Christmas special... after divorce from ex Brandon Blackstock
Kal Penn attends Knicks game with fiancé Josh one month after publicly coming out and announcing their upcoming nuptials
Catherine Zeta-Jones, 52, gives fans a glimpse at peaceful morning walk with Michael Douglas, 77, as couple explore the coast while on vacation
Aziz Ansari reveals he is engaged to forensic data scientist Serena Skov Campbell Master Of None star, 38, boasted during a comedy set Wednesday in NYC
No family drama here! Succession's Nicholas Braun is the picture perfect son as he takes his mother to a Knicks game at Madison Square Garden
'There was a lot of blood on walls': Henry Cavill reveals growing up with four brothers prepared him for career in action films and claims they were 'living on edge of survival'
Adele reveals she can't watch Real Housewives because her 'brain will die' and 'can't bear' Love Island: 'They're all having f**king sex on TV!'
Maggie Gyllenhaal rocks an androgynous grey suit as she presents an award at the 30th Women In Film And TV ceremony
Tori Spelling reveals whether she will be 'contributing' to estranged husband Dean McDermott's Christmas gift from their kids... as divorce rumors persist
The Bachelor's Cassie Randolph 'thinks it's inappropriate' that Colton Underwood keeps dredging up their past but understands 'it's part of his journey'
Ashley Tisdale mourns loss of her family's pooch Blondie: 'I will miss you my little rocking horse'
'Even when life moves on we will always be as one:' Little Mix share sweet snap together with heartfelt caption after announcing their split
Harry Connick Jr gets roasted on social media for wearing bald cap as Daddy Warbucks on Annie Live!
Jessie Cave is PREGNANT! Harry Potter actress, 34, reveals she's expecting her FOURTH child with Alfie Brown... 14 months after 'difficult' birth of son Abraham Benjamin
Courteney Cox and boyfriend Johnny McDaid hold hands as they leave Santa Monica's Giorgio Baldi alongside pal Ed Sheeran
Braless Candice Swanepoel flaunts her toned pins in a racy black dress while Karlie Kloss looks chic in an onyx trouser suit at Miami fashion bash
Victoria Beckham opts for a laid back look in a black jacket and matching leggings on shopping trip
Adele reveals her Instagram password was taken off her after she posted photo wearing a Jamaican flag bikini and Bantu knots then was accused of cultural appropriation
Brie Larson shows off her incredibly sculpted physique while striking a leggy pose in a slinky backless dress
'It's OVER, my medication is working!' Britney Spears delights in the end of her conservatorship-issued therapy by mocking doctors in skit
'It was associated with a questionable country': George Clooney admits he turned down $35M to appear in commercial after wife Amal told him 'it wasn't worth it'
Duran Duran's Simon Le Bon, 63, whips up the crowd as the band put on an energetic display at Radio 2 In Concert
Kendall Jenner cuts a trendy figure in a black wool coat as she heads home after dinner with her newlywed pal Lauren Perez
Grace Gummer and Mark Ronson make their red carpet debut as a married couple at the re-opening night of Slave Play on Broadway
Kate Middleton prefers 'practical presents' and worries 'tech-savvy' Prince George and Princess Charlotte have 'too much screen time', expert claims
Prince William follows in the footsteps of Dolly Parton and Naomi Campbell by recording an audio walking tour to urge public to get active for their mental health
Phil Collins' ex Orianne Collins, 47, files for DIVORCE from toyboy Thomas Bates, 32, after year married... and insists she wed due to 'emotional stress of Covid quarantine'
Kate Beckinsale sets pulses racing in a busty sheer dress as she helps celebrate friend's birthday at star-studded party in London
Alexandra Daddario is engaged! The White Lotus star, 35, says she 'couldn't be luckier' as she confirms she's set to wed film producer Andrew Form, 52
Hilaria Baldwin steps out in metallic leggings and $1,900 gold Moncler vest as Alec FLEES town with suitcases ahead of his bombshell ABC interview tonight
Ed Westwick cuts a dashing figure in a sharp suit with bold crew-neck top as he leads the suave attendees at Gentleman's Journal Christmas party
Devon Windsor and Charlotte McKinney show off their leggy figures and luxury watches at an exclusive Hublot event at Art Basel in Miami
David Beckham emotionally reunites with beloved Manchester United receptionist and former mentor Cathy as he enjoys soccer match with son Romeo, 19
Emma Roberts cuts a casual figure as she stocks up on groceries - after rumours she's split from boyfriend Garrett Hedlund
Jonah Hill and girlfriend Sarah Brady look cosy during tender moment while out in Beverly Hills
Mariah Carey adds fuel to diva rumors after revealing she required SIX men to carry her 70lb gown's train in latest Christmas special
Blake Lively and Ryan Reynolds epitomize married bliss as they enjoy a stroll arm in arm in NYC
Queen of style! Princess Mary steps out in spectacular style as braves the rain and heads for a festive night out at the ballet with three of her children
Claire Foy brands Duchess of Argyll the 'first victim of revenge porn' and claims she would have been 'appalled' to learn she is playing her in series A Very British Scandal
An early Christmas gift for Kate? The Duchess of Cambridge wore new $100 gold hoop earrings from trendy French brand Sézane during visit to V&A museum
Prince Andrew is stony faced as Ghislaine Maxwell's sex trafficking trial hears how 'polite' Duke 'flew on Jeffrey Epstein's planes, visited mansion and always tipped staff'
Monty Python's John Cleese, 82, admits he can't do trademark silly walk any more because of 'two artificial hips, an artificial knee and a heavily infected big toe'
Saweetie channels the Little Mermaid in a VERY busty ensemble as she downs whisky shots and dances up a storm during wild night out in LA
Jessica Chastain and Anne Hathaway flash wide smiles and wrap their arms around each other at special screening of The Eyes of Tammy Faye in NYC
No wonder he's smitten! Liam Hemsworth's girlfriend Gabriella Brooks flaunts her incredible figure in a high-cut swimsuit on the cover of Stellar magazine
Watch What Happens Live: Martha Stewart, 80, strongly denies ever dating late TV host Larry King
Jennifer Lopez exudes glamour in cream gown as she pulls at listeners heartstrings in On My Way ballad from upcoming rom-com Marry Me
Hollywood returns to Washington: LL Cool J, Billy Porter, Kristin Chenoweth join the Bidens for their first National Christmas Tree lighting ceremony while in office
ABBA release first ever Christmas song Little Things from comeback album Voyage as they race to reach festive chart top spot
Madonna vs 50 Cent: Singer slams rapper 'friend' for talking 'smack' about her after he posted meme mocking THAT bedroom shoot
Lil Nas X showcases his washboard abs in an unbuttoned glittery green shirt as he leads the star-studded arrivals at fashion bash in West Hollywood
Damien Hirst, 56, and girlfriend Sophie Cannell, 27, can't keep their hands off one another after dinner at Scott's
Kate Beckinsale wows in a semi-sheer dress as she parties alongside TOWIE's Chloe Sims at friend's star-studded birthday bash
Pussycat Doll Ashley Roberts puts on a leggy display in a zebra print mini skirt at friend's 30th birthday party
'Wait until I see that little b******d!' Elton John takes a playful swipe at Ed Sheeran for 'nearly killing' him on set of their Christmas charity single
Elton John reveals he 'calls and supports' people battling addiction - 31 years after going sober following alcohol and drug issues
Annie Live! thrills audience with Celina Smith dazzling alongside Nicole Scherzinger... after the actress, 12, revealed she wants 'to be a role model to black girls'
Thor star Chris Hemsworth shares an incredible throwback image from his very first acting job in a budget medieval show - as he reflects on how far he's come in his career
Keira's stodgy Christmas pudding, a very cheesy romcom and a big fat Netflix turkey: BRIAN VINER reviews Silent Night
Spielberg goes West... and what a Story! BRIAN VINER's four-star verdict on the movie version of West Side Story
BAZ BAMIGBOYE: West Side glory for Ariana DeBose who was getting her nails done when Steven Spielberg rang
Camila Mendes and Dylan Frances Penn sport bold colors for the Chanel cocktail party in Miami
Little Mix break down as they take to the stage on The Graham Norton Show just MOMENTS after announcing split... as fans voice heartache over their decision
How Little Mix raked in £54m: No.1 hits, tours, beauty ranges, clothing line and merch made them multimillionaires... but how much will they scoop working 'on other projects' after split?
From selling 50 million singles and breaking world records to rows over 'inappropriate' outfits and blackfishing, DailyMail.com look at highs and lows of Little Mix's 10 years
EDEN CONFIDENTIAL: Hit the brakes! Tamara Ecclestone's business is $35m in the red zone
Sir Michael Caine, 88, looks happier than ever as he leaves London hotspot with glamorous wife Shakira, 74
Grace Warrior marvels at her own reflection in the mirror as she bonds with grandma Terri Irwin Bindi Irwin's daughter
Jade Jagger slips into punchy star-print dress as she cozies up to Sadie Frost - who dons a tracksuit and beanie - at festive fashion bash
'It's laughable': Joanna Lumley slams Netflix series The Crown as close friend of Prince Charles insists 'I know the royals, so I know it's all made up'
Rumer and Scout Willis get in some quality time with their paternal grandmother Marlene Willis during shopping outing in LA
Los Angeles Dodgers' $365million star Mookie Betts marries longtime love Brianna Hammonds in gorgeous beachside ceremony after 15 years of dating
Josh Duggar had hi-tech software installed on his work computer to BYPASS monitoring service that alerted his wife Anna when he looked at 'mature teen' porn, court hears
Leonardo DiCaprio and Sean Penn - with his estranged wife - party the night away at Soho Beach House in Miami before club hopping to A-list bash
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Gigi Hadid cuts a casual figure as she arrives at Palma de Mallorca airport in rare outing since Zayn Malik's altercation with her mother Yolanda
Willow Smith cuts a seriously stylish figure in an eye-catching Mugler jacket and matching socks while gracing the cover of Elle France
Kirsten Dunst reveals Spider-Man producers encouraged her to 'fix her teeth' when she was 19
Kim Kardashian throws her arms in the air as she strikes a series of sultry poses in sequined Balenciaga gown
'My Mooks': Johnny Galecki wishes ex-girlfriend Kaley Cuoco a happy birthday with a cheeky throwback post sharing his nickname for the star
Kobe Bryant's daughter Natalia, 18, shows off modeling skills while sporting Beyonce's new Halls of Ivy Adidas collection
Ashley Graham shows off 'tree of life' stretch marks in naked snaps shared online... ahead of giving birth to twins
'Free the nipple! Bras are uncomfortable!' Vanessa Hudgens gives her impassioned definition of feminism and her stance on going braless alongside stunning new shoot
Eminem's daughter Hailie Jade proves to be one of her father's biggest fans as she reveals the rapper is her top artist on Spotify Wrapped
'11+ over!': Victoria Beckham reveals daughter Harper, 10, has sat prestigious school exam as she gifts youngest child bouquet of flowers
Laverne & Shirley star Eddie Mekka dead at 69: Actor who played Carmine Ragusa on the hit show is found dead at his home in California
Seth Rogen admits he had NO IDEA the Adele concert was being taped for her One Night Only special and 'smoked a ton of weed' before the show
Mariah Carey announces that she will release a new Holiday Hits Cookie Trio through her virtual bakery Gingerbread, Cinnamon Sugar and Chocolate Raspberry Truffle
The REAL Princess Charlene: Friends from her swimming days tell Tatler the 'ambitious' royal 'knew what she was getting into' with Prince Albert but 'keeps her smarts under wraps'
'Vividly dreamed, cunningly modified and visually staggering': West Side Story remake is dubbed Steven Spielberg's 'best work in 20 years' as critics lavish five star reviews
Rachel Zegler bundles up in a warm winter coat as she flashes a smile in New York City ahead of release of Steven Spielberg's West Side Story
'What a classy artist!' Taylor Swift sends Don McLean flowers and a sweet note after smashing his Billboard record he held for 50 years
Bella Thorne celebrates being included on Forbes 30 Under 30 list: 'I can't even begin to describe my level of happiness right now'
Selma Blair talks childhood, fame and her MS diagnosis in new memoir Mean Baby that she calls 'a survival course in acceptance'
Simone Biles flaunts toned derriere in bikini snap from her vacation - as she discusses 'sadness' over mental health struggles that blighted her quest for gold in Tokyo
'We just connected in that way': Lizzo details her bond with Adele and says they've 'been through similar things'... but she can't remember their first meeting as she was too 'drunk'
That '70s show! Kate Middleton dons $185 retro-style paisley Ralph Lauren blouse and keeps her face mask on to visit Fabergé exhibition at the V&A
Winnie Harlow has legs for days in fitted ensemble as she takes in the thrill rides at Universal Studios
Sean Penn cuts a dapper figure as he is joined by daughter Dylan and Leonardo Di Caprio at event for his CORE nonprofit in Miami
'I was extremely done': Willow Smith, 21, reveals she almost QUIT music following the success of breakthrough single Whip My Hair aged 10
Cardi B, 29, reveals new position as creative director at PLAYBOY and will serve as founding member of their creator-led platform: 'A dream come true'
Christine Quinn's changing face: The Selling Sunset star famous for her 'burgers and Botox' parties is unrecognizable from her Netflix debut in 2019
Christina Aguilera and Jennifer Hudson both deliver show-stopping performances at the World AIDS Day concert in Los Angeles
'Date night': Kelly Ripa and Mark Consuelos pose for a romantic selfie as fans call them 'couple goals'
Carlos Santana cancels all of his December shows after undergoing a successful and 'unscheduled heart procedure'
Adam Levine reveals his face tattoo was actually FAKE as former 'Sexiest Man Alive' says he is 'too f***ing vain' to get head inking
Arnold Schwarzenegger enjoys routine bike ride in Santa Monica... after paying tribute to 'idol' bodybuilder Dave Draper
Lily Collins exudes Parisian chic wearing technicolor retro ensembles as she tours the City of Love ahead of season two of Emily in Paris
From telling song lyrics to tense group chats and talk of uncontrollable tears: All the signs Little Mix were set to split as they announce they're 'taking a break'
Little Mix SPLIT! Trio announce they're 'taking a break' to pursue solo projects after 10 amazing years together
'My heart is broken!' Devastated Little Mix fans react to the band's decision to split and say they hope it's not a 'permanent break like One Direction'
Tiger King star Joe Exotic claims new evidence in murder-for-hire case is going to 'shock the world' and clear his name
Alan Cumming's celebrity confessions: Actor reveals how he crashed JLo's 2001 wedding and praised Jessica Lange's breasts in candid memoir
Halsey introduces baby son Ender to close friends BTS as she visits South Korean boyband backstage during their Permission To Dance tour
Real Housewives Of Orange County: Heather Dubrow returns and shows off huge 22,000 square feet house
Kim Kardashian seems to catch daughter Chicago and niece Dream red-handed as they meddle with her Christmas decorations in funny video
Former child star Jonshel Alexander, 22, who appeared in Beasts of the Southern Wild, is shot dead and her friend wounded by masked gunman as they sat in a car in New Orleans
'It's been very hard after 35 years': Tom Ford admits he's 'struggled' to adjust to being a single father after his husband Richard Buckley's death
Sopranos bosses were terrified star James Gandolfini would DIE while filming show after he 'went on cocaine and booze binges that forced bosses to shut down production'
Lucy Boynton cuts a chic figure in pretty black dress while Sophie Cookson opts for same frock in pink as the actresses step out for fashion bash
Karl Lagerfeld's 'dearest friend' opens doors to his lavish Paris home - revealing priceless treasures going up for auction, from $52k chandelier to $16k piano
Rita Ora strips off and poses NUDE in a mirrored changing room before flashing her killer abs in sizzling snaps
Matthew McConaughey tells radio hosts why ALL his female co-stars think he smells nice - and the secret behind his irresistible scent
Chrissy Teigen displays her toned midriff in green crop top and tries out fringe with photo editing app in stunning snaps
Dakota Johnson looks chic in a frilled collar dress as she joins her stylish co-stars Olivia Colman and Jessie Buckley at The Lost Daughter photo call
UK's most realistic Kate Middleton lookalike reveals how she trawls Zara and TJ Max to keep up with royal's wardrobe - and can't step out without being asked for a selfie
Staff members put up the Christmas decorations at the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh - including a 15ft tree and sparkling velvet garlands
Princess Alexandra's granddaughter Flora Ogilvy says she is 'thrilled' as she lands new role as Ambassador of the V&A Museum's Young Patrons' Circle
Striking a good note! Prince Charles meets students as gives a speech to unveil the official opening of the new Royal College of Music campus in London
Chet Hanks puts on a trendy display as he departs dinner with a stunning mystery blonde in Santa Monica
Winston Churchill's 'Little Redhead' granddaughter, Celia Sandys, 78, who went to parties with Jackie Onassis and Maria Callas shares childhood memories in new book
Transgender reality star Jazz Jennings admits she was in a 'dark, dark place' while documenting her 100lb weight gain and eating disorder on her reality show
Tom Brady believes son Jack, 14, will 'someday' play football for his alma mater Michigan... though wife Gisele Bundchen wants the boy to 'be what he wants to be'
Irina Shayk is every inch the friendly ex as she attends ex Bradley Cooper's Nightmare Alley premiere in NYC... with the actor lauding her support in wake of reconciliation rumors
Vanderpump Rules star Tom Sandoval calls out Katie Maloney and says she only inserted herself into his new bar because she needed a STORYLINE to get more airtime on the show
'I don't want to be the bada**...I've healed a lot': Noomi Rapace admits starring in Girl With The Dragon Tattoo movies 'was like drowning in trauma'
Haley Joel Osment poses with glamorous sister Emily while Frankie Grande kisses beau Hale Leon at star-studded LA Dodgers Christmas event
Alex Rodriguez plans to celebrate Christmas as 'one big happy family' with ex-wife Cynthia Scurtis as he moves on from Jennifer Lopez
Santa's little helper! Sophie Wessex wraps up warm in chic shearling coat as she bakes mince pies and packs Christmas care packages for charity
Suited and booted! Queen Letizia of Spain cuts a stylish figure in a grey checked blazer and trousers as she arrives at the reopening of a monastery to the public in Madrid
'Every day is your birthday my queen!' Britney Spears' hunky fiancé Sam Asghari whisks star away on private jet and puts on a firework show to celebrate her 40th
Alessandra Ambrosio teases a glimpse of her underboob in tiny black crop-top for sultry shot from her new coffee table book
Ashley Roberts looks chic in a purple argyle polo neck and leather mini skirt as she joins glam co-host Amanda Holden as at Heart FM studios
Joan Collins, 88, exudes glamour as she and husband Percy Gibson, 56, dine with Calvin Klein, 79, in LA
Helen Mirren, 76, chain-smokes fake cigarette as she transforms into first female Prime Minister of Israel Golda Meir for new biopic
'Godfather of Black Music' Clarence Avant's wife, 81, is shot dead during 2.30am burglary at their $7M Beverly Hills mansion while he was at home
Britney Spears' fiancé Sam Asghari shares a loving kiss with her on a private jet and calls her his 'wife'... as he gets her a B-shaped cake for her 40th birthday
'I am so madly in love with you': Brooklyn Beckham makes MORE romantic proclamations about fiancée Nicola Peltz after taking sizzling lingerie snap of the actress
Kaley Cuoco rings in her 36th birthday at Disneyland... as the actress poses for cute snap with Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse
Jamie Oliver says his 'maternal' wife Jools has her sights on having SIXTH child - after revealing she may have IVF treatment following five miscarriages
'She's broken up our family': Jessie Ware jokes her sister isn't speaking to her after she recorded new single with Kylie Minogue
'I found the love of my life': Sandra Bullock hails boyfriend Bryan Randall as a 'saint' and praises him for helping raise her two adopted children
Jessica Simpson shows off incredible 100lb weight loss in a Gucci cardigan and skinny jeans during shopping trip with husband Eric Johnson
He's on a wing and a prayer! Lewis Hamilton raises eyebrows with yet another risky sartorial statement as he steps out in bird printed trousers at the F1 Grand Prix
Dakota Johnson looks typically stylish in a sleek black suit while her co-star Olivia Colman cuts a chic figure at The Lost Daughter special screening
Dakota Johnson reveals she gave her The Lost Daughter co-star Olivia Colman her first ever tattoo
Phoebe Dynevor cuts a trendy figure in floral printed jacket as she poses for series of stunning snaps
Gordon Ramsay heads home with glam wife Tana after dining at swanky private members club Maison Estelle
Inside Bindi Irwin's Queensland home: Couple offer a rare glimpse at their house which features a Sixties-style fireplace and a huge mountain mural in the living room
Lily Collins debuts her stylish bangs and slips into an elegant structured skirt as she joins her stylish co-stars to promote Emily In Paris' second season
Victoria Beckham unveils her Christmas playlist - including Spice Girls, a shout-out to Elton John AND the song that beat her solo single to number one
Richard E Grant admits he's feeling 'sentimental' as he prepares to spend his first Christmas without wife Joan following her death from lung cancer
Carla Bruni exudes glamour in a black gown as she joins ab-flashing Tina Kunakey at Bulgari hotel opening The former French First Lady was a vision
Rumer Willis dons LBD for Love Actually Live opening in LA... ahead of celebrating five years of sobriety
Elsa Pataky goes sightseeing in Venice with sister-in-law Silvia Serra after her romantic trip to the Czech Republic with husband Chris Hemsworth
From geishas to Flappers, a timeless allure: Why nothing's as subtly sexy as going backless - and for less busty girls they are a surefire way to wow
Lala Kent says her 'head was in the sand' as she breaks silence on ex-fiancé and cheating allegations: 'I don't know how the f**k I didn't see a lot of this s**t'
Drake hams it up with NBA players and referees alike as he sits courtside to watch Oklahoma City Thunder take on Houston Rockets
Chris Hemsworth 'purchases a $15million oceanfront site in Tasmania' after 'driving up house prices' in Australia's Northern Rivers region by buying several properties
You Wear It Well! Penny Lancaster, 50, and dapper husband Rod Stewart, 76, wear matching camel for romantic dinner at swanky restaurant
Dionne Warwick wants Jake Gyllenhaal to give THAT red scarf back to Taylor Swift and reiterates she'll happily 'pay the postage' to ensure its return
Rita Ora arrives in Australia and begins home quarantine - where she works up a sweat with boyfriend Taika Waititi and celebrity trainer Jono Castano
She's got s-EX appeal! Irina Shayk nearly bares all in leather as she gets cozy with Stella Maxwell at Bradley Cooper's Nightmare Alley premiere
Princes William and Harry stay apart while holding 'joint' event for Diana Award winners: Duke of Cambridge meets face-to-face while Duke of Sussex holds Zoom meeting
Lara Bingle shares a rare picture of husband Sam Worthington ahead of their seven-year wedding anniversary Former bikini model posted an image of the Avatar star
How the royals do Christmas: The adorable festive tradition Princess Mary's family follows at the palace - and it's a new take on Elf on the Shelf
Tom Ford reveals his VERY strict wardrobe rules for nine-year-old son - admitting he won't let him wear shorts to school and only just started allowing him to don T-shirts with prints
Alexa Chung channels granny chic in a knitted hood and animal print faux fur coat as she arrives for a festive food bash at a pub
I refuse to watch the new Sex And The City - because there's no Samantha, says EMILY HILL
'What? I listen to my dad's music?' Eminem's daughter Hailie Jade Mathers, 25, proves to be her father's biggest fan as she is in the TOP 3% of Spotify listeners
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Andrew Cuomo's top aide Melissa DeRosa used MTA official to secretly record sex harassment accuser, AG...
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MORE HEADLINES
CNN fires Chris Cuomo after AG's documents revealed he wrote brother Andrew's sex pest rebuttals: Ex-anchor denies new sexual misconduct allegation from ex-colleague
Prince William cringes over how Taylor Swift led him on stage 'like a puppy' for surprise Livin' on a Prayer performance with US singer and Jon Bon Jovi
Houston police say cash and checks found by plumber in wall of Joel Osteen's Lakewood Church ARE connected to 2014 heist when $600,000 went missing
Minnesota man who became second in U.S. to be diagnosed with Omicron variant after attending NYC anime convention says 15 of his anime friends have now also tested POSITIVE for COVID
Parents of school shooter Ethan Crumbley are placed on suicide watch as they weep in court after judge sets bail at $500K: Cops investigate accomplice suspected of helping them hide out in Detroit art studio
Kentucky Republican congressman is slammed for 'insensitive' family Christmas photo with ASSAULT RIFLES just DAYS after deadly Michigan high school shooting massacre
Edward Shames, last surviving officer of the WWII Band of Brothers, dies aged 99: Jewish soldier raided Hitler's 'Eagle's Nest' and was one of the first Americans to help liberate Dachau concentration camp
Andrew took at least FOUR flights on Jeffrey Epstein's Lolita Express private jet: Flight records reveal Duke of York's trips including one to financier's now notorious Caribbean island
Parents of Michigan school shooter Ethan Crumbley appear 'sullen and show no remorse' as they are held in jail after their son 'killed four students and injured seven others'
Missing three-year-old girl is found dead in a stormwater drain - as her father is charged with manslaughter and drug driving
Asian man, 84, who was kicked in the face while waiting for the bus on his seated walker faces his attacker in court to push for punishment after suspect was released for mental health reasons
REVEALED: Oxford High School counselors allowed Ethan Crumbley to stay in class on the day of shooting after he claimed graphic drawing of blood and bullets was part of his plan to make a VIDEO GAME
'You broke my heart': Twitter explodes with Fredo memes mocking Chris Cuomo after CNN dumps anchor for helping sex pest brother Andrew Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo's top aide Melissa DeRosa used MTA official to secretly record sex harassment accuser, AG report reveals
Police confirm two teenagers are dead and two other children, including nine-month-old, injured in shooting at gas station on Elvis Presley Boulevard in Memphis
Rare gene variant, which appears more frequently in Amish community - with 12 percent of Pennsylvania Amish carrying the mutation - may hold key to preventing heart disease, researchers say
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Former Georgia District Attorney faces five years in prison for 'protecting Ahmaud Arbery killers and delaying their arrest by more than TWO MONTHS' after ex-cop defendant called her after shooting and said 'I need some advice right away'
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Stormy Daniels is auctioning off NFT of image of her holding gold cocktail dress she was wearing when she 'went back to Trump's suite' - and the winner gets to keep the frock too!
Donald Trump had McDonald's brought to hospital while he was treated for COVID-19 in October 2020
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0.997547 |
As many of us are spending more time than ever in our homes, restricting time outside and social contact, it's hard not to focus on anything that isn't your own worries and concerns.
Here are some mental health practices to help you maintain a healthy and happy mind.
1. Upskill
Rediscovering an old passion or discovering a part of yourself you've yet to explore can feel rewarding. From photography, painting, learning an instrument or filming videos for loved ones, there are many options available.
2. Practice gratitude
Although times are challenging, reminding yourself of those things you're thankful for can give perspective and help appreciate the things or people that bring happiness to your life.
To get started, simpy write down five things that you are thankful for, whether it be the people you love, your home, your health or your hobbies. Say them aloud to yourself, or even better, tell the people you trust. Appreciating those who support and love you will boost their day and your confidence. You may even encourage them to do the same in return!
3. Get as much sunlight and fresh air as you can
Spending time outside in the soul-soothing fresh air has a plethora of benefits, both for your mental and physical health. Research shows that spending time in green space reduces anxiety and depression.
It's much easier to enjoy fresh air and listen to natural sounds in the countryside, but if you're based in a city, head to your local park, remembering to stay six feet away from other people.
4. Get off to a good start
How you start your day can determine the tone for the rest of the day. Having a positive, motivated mindset as soon as you wake will help maintain an optimistic approach to the rest of the day.
5. Laughter is the best medicine
Laughter really is the best medicine. It releases endorphins which in turn, improve your mood and help alleviate any tension or anxiety you may be feeling.
Get into a new comedy series, follow funny social media accounts, play virtual games with friends, host a pub quiz or listen to a comedy podcast.
If you're struggling to find light relief from the challenging circumstances we're all enduring, Hollywood actor, John Krasinski hosts a YouTube show called "Some Good News", sharing inspiring news from all around the world.
Laughing strengthens bonds with those around you, so make sure to get your family and friends involved!
6. Stay socially connected
While lockdown means we are cut off from family and friends, technology can help us stay in touch, this is particularly important if you live alone or are feeling isolated during lockdown.
Reaching out to friends and family can instantly boost your mood and help deal with stressful situations. It may be that a loved one is also feeling the same, so offering support will help you feel needed and offer you both a safe space to air any concerns or worries.
7. Have a routine (as much as you can)
We all know how important routine is, especially for parents, but it's so easy to let a sense of structure go out the window during lockdown. Studies show that unstructured time can create boredom adding stress and decreasing our ability to fight off infections. Maintaining a consistent sleep pattern, and daily schedule can ensure weekdays are structured and will make all the difference.
8. Embrace the positive
Don't beat yourself up when things don't go perfectly in your household, negative thoughts can lead to destructive feelings or actions. It's much more valuable to everyone to cut yourself some slack, recognise when you are slipping into a harmful mindset and try to alter your circumstances.
Maintaining a positive mentality is important, whether it is through an activity, project, exercise or taking to a friend, find a solution that works for you.
9. Mindful meditation
Managing stress is a big concern, improving your mental wellbeing by focusing on your mind and directing your attention to the present. Removing yourself from the chaos of everyday and undertaking breathing exercises or just finding quiet time can manage stress which in turn will improve sleep and eating habits.
Allow yourself some time, whether it be 10 minutes or half an hour to practice non-judgmental awareness of your thoughts. This can be done through guided meditation, listening to soothing music or writing in a journal.
Popular apps such as Headspace or Calm offer guided meditation and sleep meditation, whilst Gaba is an acclaimed podcast offering guided meditation.
10. Mental health tools
There are plenty of useful sources and support available online to help preserve a healthy mind.
The NHS are a fantastic primary resource for advice focused on both mental and physical wellbeing.
MARCH Network offer home-based, creative ways to support mental health during COVID-19.
MIND provide advice and support to empower anyone experiencing a mental health problem.
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MAITHEAN NA GAELTACHD mustered in full array to give George IV. a superabundantly loyal welcome on his visit to Edinburgh in 1822, and, with hardly an exception, the Highland nobles, chiefs, and landlords who put in appearance on the occasion, represented families who owned land and held sway in the same districts 250 years before then, and in not a few instances twice as long as that. Between 1560 and 1822 there had been many broils, forfeitures, and temporary displacements, followed by changing back, first after the Revolution of 1688, and finally by the restorations of their estates to the families who had lost them after Culloden. As a political force and factor for keeping the Highlands separate from the rest of the country, Jacobitism was killed long before the death of Prince Charles. It was persistently assailed by the now dominant Church of Scotland, and undermined by the teaching given in the schools. Chatham's bold scheme of raising the Highland regiments for national defence gave rise to a welding imperial pride which never existed among the Highlanders before, and which from the military quarter co-operated with the spiritual power in changing the situation. From Fontenoy and the capture of Quebec to Waterloo, Highland soldiers had pre-eminently distinguished themselves for valour, discipline, and endurance. They were proud to call themselves Breatunnaich *The aristocracy of the Highlands", (Britons), and to have done good service in defence of the British Empire, and sustained the martial fame of their ancestors. George IV. was not a bad Constitutional King, although as a man he might be said to well deserve all the contempt poured on him by the Whig writers down to Thackeray, from the time he had ceased to rattle dice with Charles James Fox, their belauded, awfully-debauched and debauching leader. George IV. was not personally liked by his Highland people. They had heard stories about his bad conduct to his wife, and of his relations with other women, including, what they could not forgive, other men's wives. They could be and were far more tolerant than their ministers and kirk-sessions about sexual immorality between unmarried sprigs of the upper classes and peasant girls, but they ground their teeth against adultery, which was indeed an exceedingly rare vice among themselves. What they felt due to George IV. was a modified loyalty as the headman of the British Empire. Had George III. come to Scotland after the restoration of the forfeited estates, he would have received from all classes of Highlanders as heart-felt a "ceud mile failt" welcome as was given to his grand-daughter, Queen Victoria, at Blair-Atholl, Taymouth, and Castle Drummond. Farmer George, the "born Briton," through the reports of homely virtues which reached them, obtained a real hold on Highland loyalty. He was the first of his race who did so.
I was present at the Taymouth gathering in 1842, and cannot yet recall without emotion how we all, gentle and simple, old and young, were carried out of ourselves, and thrilled into unity by enthusiastic loyal and chivalrous devotion to our young Sovereign Lady. His countrymen, forgetting recent evictions and well-grounded fears of more to come, were exultingly proud of the Marquis of Breadalbane that day. He spent his money and dispensed his hospitality lavishly, created fairyland effects by flags and coloured lamps, and managed the whole procedure connected with an unusual event with organising skill and grand success. But when criticism succeeded enthusiasm it was pointed out that, compared with that of 1822, the impressive muster of 1842 exhibited gaps which showed that in the conflict between the old and the new land systems the new was steadily gaining. Ross-shire, Atholl, and Breadalbane gave excellent illustrations of how incoming feudal magnates established their charter rights, and infused a clannish spirit in native tenants of many surnames. Until the Macdonalds, Lords of the Isles, and Earls of Ross, were suppressed, the Mackenzies of Kintail were their vassals, and hardly reckoned among their chief vassals. They made the most of their opportunities on the fall of their over-lords to enlarge their influence and possessions, and the Reformation turmoils later on enabled them to lay appropriating hands on ecclesiastical and old Crown lands in Easter Ross. How did they secure their new pos- sessions? By planting out as little lairds or chief tenants all the cadets and near kinsmen of the house of Kintail. The Earldom of Atholl a much smaller affair than the County of Atholl, which embraced all the regions above Dunkeld between the Garry and the Strathearn border was, from the reign of King Duncan, the father of Malcolm Ceannmor, an appanage of the Royal family. It passed through many owners ere it was bestowed on the half-brother of James II. What did the wise son of the Black Knight of Lome do? He strengthened the Wolf of Badenoch Stewart element he found in Atholl by bringing in Appin kinsmen of his own and giving them small properties. He also, I think, instituted the policy, which his successors long followed out, of acquiring superiorities by buying or otherwise obtaining estates held of the Crown, and then of selling them on subinfeudation terms. He gave his daughters in marriage to the smaller barons of his district, and by those wise devices, Huntly was prevented from laying grasping hands on forfeited Garth and other lands south of the Grampian boundary. When the present Duke of Atholl's father, then Lord Glenlyon, gave a most hearty Highland welcome to Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1842, he was still surrounded by many of the lairds of old lineage who had formed his predecessors' Comhairle Taighe, or provincial court and family council, and were in war times the officers of their host. The estates of these lairds are now, with very few exceptions, owned by proprietors who cannot, however good, as aliens in race, surnames, traditions and language, fill the places of the vanished families. But in the ducal domains the old kindly relations between the Castle and the farmhouse and cottage, have been throughout the whole long period of mutation and desolation so well maintained, that an old Highlander like myself in visiting Atholl feels himself taken back to the good old days, and is warmed by a glow of admiration which is in contrast to the cold shudder he has to endure in much depopulated and much un-Celticised districts of his native land.
"Black Colin of Rome" and his descendants invaded Breadalbane from Glenorchy, much in the same manner as the Kintail Mackenzies invaded the Black Isle and Easter Ross. The Glenorchy Camp- bells began their "bris sios" or eastward progress when, as a whole, the wide regions they were in due time to acquire were King's lands, and monastic lands belonging to the Abbot of Scone, and to James the First's newly introduced and profusely endowed Carthusians of Perth. By public services, Court favour, and purchase, the Glenorchy Campbells, who were not only sturdy warriors, but men wise in council, and educated beyond the greater number of their aristocratic contemporaries, first got the management and part-possession of the King's lands, and forthwith commenced to lay the firm and broad foundations of their future principality, by giving out Lawers and Glenlyon to younger sons, and using their influence to give their own followers foothold on the lands of King and monks. To the Glenorchy Campbells, as well as to the Mackenzies of Kintail, the Reformation afforded a grand oppor- tunity for adding Church lands to their already considerable possessions. Infamous Hepburn, the Abbot of Scone and Bishop of Moray, laden with the burden of his sins and fearing coming events, sold his Breadalbane monastic lands at a low price and ready money to Sir Colin Campbell of Glenorchy the "Cailean Liath" or Gray Colin of local songs and stories but after Sir Colin's death, his son, Sir Duncan "Donnachadh Dubh a Churraichd," "Black Duncan of the Cowl," had, under the revocation law, to pay another purchasing price to King James. I think this same thing happened to the lands of the Carthusians. Donnachadh Dubh and Kenneth of Kintail were contemporaries. They were much alike in policy and character, although Kenneth was illiterate, and Sir Duncan was able to read arid speak in so many languages that he gained the reputation of being a formidable wizard. Both these men were good to their own people and oppressive to their neighbours and rivals. Besides building castles and bridges, making roads, improving on the very good estate regulations issued by James V., King of the Commons, to his Breadalbane tenants, and introducing stallions of two sorts from England to improve the native breeds of Highland horses, Sir Duncan, without wronging his eldest son and heir, Sir Colin, gave out estates to his host of sons, legitimate and illegitimate; portioned his daughters, legitimate and illegitimate, and by the marriage of his sons and daughters with the sons and daughters of other houses, or even chief tenants, organised a semi-clannish league which once formed should in perpetuity make the heads of it great chiefs. But Sir Duncan was only fourteen years in his grave at Finlarig when Montrose burned the whole of the Glenorchy property from the junction of the Lyon with the Tay to Lismore, without, how- ever, having been able to take any of its places of strength, Taymouth, the Isle of Loch Tay, Finlarig, Isle of Loch Dochart, and the Castle of Glenurchy, etc. A few years later Cromwell's soldiers, under Monk, had seized on all the strengths, but did not, like Montrose, ravage or oppress the country. No military rule could indeed be milder or more justly administered. But then and on two or three other occasions there was no little danger of collapse for the Glenorchy chiefs and their possessions. Yet Restoration, Revolution, and the two eighteenth century Jacobite Rebellions, finally left them with widened possessions and well surrounded with satellites of their own blood and name, and the other small proprietors connected with them by ties of affinity and custom. Time, of course, had brought about some changes. The Lairds of Lawers, having become Earls of Louden, sold Lawers to the Chief of their house, and Breadalbane knew them no more. Two or three other cadet branches had become extinct. But in 1782 when John Campbell of Carwhin succeeded his kinsman as Fourth Earl of Breadalbane, he found himself surrounded by a large provincial court or assembly of landed kinsmen and allies, and his tenant communities, in winter-towns and shealings, living under the land settlement system of James, which Black Sir Duncan had revived and vastly improved. This Fourth Earl was a truly kindly and thoroughly Highland-hearted man, and a patriot who raised three fencible regiments during the war with France. He resided very constantly at Taymouth, was a Whig and a Presbyterian, and spent much money on wood-planting and other improvements. He was made a Marquis in 1831. During his longer than half-a- century of sway he saw, as if stricken by a strange fatality, his house council satellites diminishing rapidly to the vanishing point. Although he kept a hospitable house, was a free hand giver, and added to and improved his vast property, from living so much at home among his people he accumulated much wealth, which he divided among his three children, to wit, his son and successor, and his two daughters, Lady Elizabeth Pringle and the Duchess of Buckingham. He was not, like his son, a Manchester-school political-economist, and in sheer kind heartedness he committed the blunder of making holdings, which the changed conditions of farming and the contracting value of domestic industries had made already too small, more congested still by finding "rooms'" for such of his fencible men as were not the eldest sons of tenants. Had the circle of smaller lairds attached to his house not ceased before then to exercise the functions of informal yet very practical family council, he would surely have been advised by them to leave Black Duncan's land-settlement alone, or if he meddled with it at all, as opportunities offered to increase instead of diminishing the size of the holdings. The old Marquis lived and died as a great and much-honoured Highland magnate. His son was in personal conduct as good a man as his father, and admittedly the abler man of the two, but he never was the man for Gaeldom. In 1842 he made a brave and, for the moment, a successful show of being that man, and years afterwards, at the first review of Volunteers in Edinburgh, he did, at the head of his Breadalbane Volunteers, appear to be a great Chief to people who did not know what an isolated magnate lie was in his own country, and how he had alienated the affections of his own folk. It was no fault of his, indeed, that very few four or five at most representatives of the thirty or forty cadet lairds of his house, and affinity lairds of other surnames who surrounded his father in 1782, were about him to receive the Queen in 1842. The disappearance of these landed families, some by natural extinction, and some by having got into money troubles which compelled selling out, may, however, be taken to account in some measure for the line of estate management he deliberately adopted. He believed in the new political economy principles, and consistently carried them out until he died a lonely man and sad, although rich beyond the dream of ordinary avarice, at Lausanne in 1862.
To the heads of noble houses, the small lairds of their name and lineage, and those who were connected with them by affinity or feudal ties, were bodyguards or criosleine (literally shirt girdles). They were then the connecting links with the common people, and their advisers in the matters which concerned the well-being of the whole community within the bounds of their lords' and their own possessions. The magnate only gained mere isolation when he acquired estates by honest purchase of small estates which old bodyguard adherents of his family found themselves compelled to sell. Factors could not, and those of them who could, would not, inform him so fully about matters he ought to know, as the lairds who were in close touch with the people, spoke their language, and thoroughly understood their circumstances and feelings. On the other hand the magnates used their influence and patronage to open careers in the Army, Navy, and Civil Service, and in the Church, and legal and medical professions, to the sons of the small lairds, and the sons of their own tenants, crofters, and cottars. The unruly spirits among the sons of the mansion-houses, who while sowing their early wild oats at home, caused vexation to parents and strict ecclesiastical disciplinarians, in many instances illustrated the truth of Burns's lines:
"Yet oft a ragged cout's been known
To mak' a noble aiver,"
by blossoming out into sturdy warriors and pioneers of empire abroad, or by turning over new leaves at home, and setting themselves resolutely and doucely to useful pursuits. The lairds and their families made life in the country attractive to the magnates and their families by furnishing them with a far less pleasure-jaded society than they were accustomed to in London. The lairds were the acting Justices of the Peace, and in some large parts of the Highlands, as far as the common people were concerned, almost the sole representatives of civil power, while ministers and kirk sessions represented the spiritual power. For fifty years after the restoration of the forfeited estates these two powers, working amicably together, preserved good order at small cost, and reduced crimes which had to be dealt with by Sheriff and Assize Courts to a minimum. Most of the then Highland lairds were Presbyterians, and not a few of them elders of the Church of Scotland. Only a few old Jacobite families stuck to Episcopalianism as the pathetic badge of a lost cause. Highland nobles, who were Church of England people in England, when at home in their Highland castles worshipped contentedly in canopied pews in their parish churches. Political and caste causes which, after the passing of the Reform Bill, spoiled the previous harmony by degrees, had yet to arise, and, practically, Highland depopulation and the annual invasion of English sportsmen and buying out of Highland proprietors had almost yet to begin. Despite the invasion of Lowland sheep, shepherds and renters of shealing grazings, and disforested old deer forests, the general situation to the superficial observer remained unchanged, say up to 1832.
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Hockey Hall of Fame forward Mike Bossy revealed on Tuesday that he has been diagnosed with lung cancer.
Bossy, 64, said he will step away from his role as a hockey analyst with TVA Sport as he receives treatment.
"I can assure you that I intend to fight with the determination that you have seen me display on the ice and in my game. That same determination that helped me achieve my dreams," Bossy wrote in a French language open letter to fans and colleagues.
Bossy played 752 games with the New York Islanders from 1977 to '87, before he was forced into retirement due to chronic back problems at just 30 years old. He had 573 goals and 553 assists, and played an integral role in an Islanders' dynasty that resulted in four Stanley Cup championships in the 1980s.
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He won the Calder Trophy as NHL rookie of the year in 1977-78, the Lady Byng Trophy for gentlemanly play three times and the Conn Smythe Trophy as postseason MVP in 1982.
Bossy, inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1991, captured the hearts of Islanders fans at sold-out Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum during that dynastic run. He was often on a line with fellow Hall of Fame forwards Bryan Trottier and Clark Gillies in a unit known as the "Trio Grande."
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It is understood and agreed to that parties involved in this Agreement would each like to provide the other with certain information that may be considered confidential. To ensure the protection of such information and in consideration of the agreement to exchange said information, the parties agree as follows:
1. The confidential information to be disclosed under this Agreement (“Confidential Information”) can be described as and includes:
Technical and business information relating to proprietary ideas, patentable ideas and/or trade secrets, existing and/or contemplated products and services, research and development, production, costs, profit and margin information, finances and financial projections, customers, clients, marketing, and current or future business plans and models, regardless of whether such information is designated as “Confidential Information” at the time of its disclosure.
In addition to the above, Confidential Information shall also include, and the parties shall have a duty to protect, other confidential and/or sensitive information which is (a) disclosed as such in writing and marked as confidential (or with other similar designation) at the time of disclosure; and/or (b) disclosed by in any other manner and identified as confidential at the time of disclosure and is also summarized and designated as confidential in a written memorandum delivered within thirty (30) days of the disclosure.
2. The parties shall use the Confidential Information only for the purpose of evaluating potential business, employment and/or investment relationships.
3. The parties shall limit disclosure of Confidential Information within its own organization to its directors, officers, partners, members and/or employees having a need to know and shall not disclose Confidential Information to any third party (whether an individual, corporation, or other entity) without prior written consent. The parties shall satisfy its obligations under this paragraph if it takes affirmative measures to ensure compliance with these confidentiality obligations by its employees, agents, consultants and others who are permitted access to or use of the Confidential Information.
4. This Agreement imposes no obligation upon the parties with respect to any Confidential Information (a) that was possessed before receipt; (b) is or becomes a matter of public knowledge through no fault of receiving party; (c) is rightfully received from a third party not owing a duty of confidentiality; (d) is disclosed without a duty of confidentiality to a third party by, or with the authorization of the disclosing party; or (e) is independently developed.
5. The parties warrant that they have the right to make the disclosures under this Agreement.
6. This Agreement shall not be construed as creating, conveying, transferring, granting or conferring upon either party any rights, license or authority in or to the information exchanged, except the limited right to use Confidential Information specified in paragraph 2. Furthermore and specifically, no license or conveyance of any intellectual property rights is granted or implied by this Agreement.
7. Neither party has an obligation under this Agreement to purchase any service, goods, or intangibles from the other party. Furthermore, both parties acknowledge and agree that the exchange of information under this Agreement shall not commit or bind either party to any present or future contractual relationship (except as specifically stated herein), nor shall the exchange of information be construed as an inducement to act or not to act in any given manner.
8. Neither party shall be liable to the other in any manner whatsoever for any decisions, obligations, costs or expenses incurred, changes in business practices, plans, organization, products, services, or otherwise, based on either party’s decision to use or rely on any information exchanged under this Agreement.
9. If there is a breach or threatened breach of any provision of this Agreement, it is agreed and understood that the non-breaching party shall have no adequate remedy in money or other damages and accordingly shall be entitled to injunctive relief; provided however, no specification in this Agreement of any particular remedy shall be construed as a waiver or prohibition of any other remedies in the event of a breach or threatened breach of this Agreement.
10. This Agreement states the entire agreement between the parties concerning the disclosure of Confidential Information and supersedes any prior agreements, understandings, or representations with respect thereto. Any addition or modification to this Agreement must be made in writing and signed by authorized representatives of both parties. This Agreement is made under and shall be construed according to the laws of Hong Kong. In the event that this agreement, is breached, any and all disputes must be settled in a court of competent jurisdiction in Hong Kong.
11. If any of the provisions of this Agreement are found to be unenforceable, the remainder shall be enforced as fully as possible and the unenforceable provision(s) shall be deemed modified to the limited extent required to permit enforcement of the Agreement as a whole.
WHEREFORE, the parties acknowledge that they have read and understand this Agreement and voluntarily accept the duties and obligations set forth herein.
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Jennifer and I met in 1996. She was a junior in high school and I was just about to graduate. Her and her best friend (Crystal Kelley) were at a graduation party ~2 weeks before school let out. I was tipped by her friend that she had liked me and I couldn't believe it. She was a basketball / volleyball star. I was a band nerd. My parents had hosted exchange students all through high school and Jennifer and Crystal were very good friends with the exchange students that we were hosting at that time. I had always remembered Volli and Yiorgos talk about "Crystal and Jen", but never really gave it much thought. Apparently a few weeks before the party, Jen and Crystal were over at my house hanging out with the exchange students in the basement and I stopped in for a quick minute to pick something up. I ran down the basement to tell Yiorgos something and they were all down there hanging out. I introduced myself and they introduced themselves and that was that. When I had returned later that night Volli was picking on me because this one girl, Jen, thought I was 'cute'. (c'mon it was high school, bear with me). Low and behold they were at the graduation party a few weeks later and that is when Crystal tipped me...
Crazy in love:
That is all I needed to hear, we automatically started hanging out and getting to know one another. The more I hung out with her, the more I liked her. Both of our parents were a little apprehensive of the other; her parents knew very little about me and my parents knew very little about her. We were always getting in trouble because we just wanted to be together all the time. Unfortunately, our parents wanted us to have a 'curfew'. We were young and crazy about each other. My mom and dad were not very strict with me as long as I did what I had to do (wake up and go to work, yada yada yada). I can't remember how many times Jennifer's mom would call me at 2am wanting to know where her daughter was... she was with me. :) Here is the situation: Jennifer got off of work at 10pm and her curfew was 11pm. That was only 30 minutes together a day, and at that age it simply wasn't enough. We had to make our own rules to be together, no matter who got in trouble. At the time Jennifer lived ~15 - 20 miles away, so she still had some driving time to consider. See at the time, Jennifer worked at a dairy stop and I worked at Polaris Amphitheater. It was very hard to find time to be together since we both worked different hours, but we managed to find time late-late at night when we thought our parents would be sleeping. Boy were we wrong...
Luc goes to College:
The situation was about to get a lot harder. Jen and I dated for about 3 months until I was about to go to Bowling Green State University for my freshman year of college. Jennifer still had to finish out her senior year, then she vowed that she would meet me up there that next year and we were going to be together for good. Unfortunately we would have to rough out the 'long distance relationship' before we could be together at BG. I remember the only thing that I thought about for the first couple of months what she was doing and all that puppy love crap. She would come and visit me from time to time and I would come home to visit her from time to time as well. Of course we would get together for the holidays when I would come home and break all the curfew laws, but other than that it was phones and letters. The whole time she was finishing out her high school year, I was struggling at school because I just didn't treat it like I should have. My grades had slipped pretty bad that year and I was not able to come back. It was time to come home and "get it together" at the local community college where I would pay my own way. Best mistake of my life!
Summer of 97 (our "Summer of Love"):
That next summer (1997) was so much fun. Jennifer and I broke every rule we could think of that summer. We had no remorse for any of our actions nor did we have any respect for our parents demands. We would stay out until 4am in the morning when we had to get ready for work, and be together every possible moment. We were truly in love with each other and crazy about one another. I don't know how many times her and I would get in trouble doing something we weren't supposed to be doing either by one of our parent or the Newark Police department. :D (all in good fun) I was 19 and she was still 17 through half of the summer. She only turned 18 that July. This was the summer that I will never forget for the rest of my life. At this point we had known each other long enough to respect one another as a person and not just a "party buddy". We took trips together to go see Yiorgos in Washington DC and we literally did everything as a couple. This summer I worked for Jim Murphy's Tree Service and Jennifer worked for Damon's Restaurant.
Jen goes to College:
In a couple of months college would be starting, but this time the table had turned. Jennifer had kept her promise and she was going to Bowling Green in a couple of months. I on the other hand was going to be staying home this year (my freshman year was a "life" learning experience). I was not going back to Bowling Green, rather I had to stay at home and go to Columbus State Community College. At this point my parents would not help me with school, I had to pay for it myself. Needless-to-say, I was more concerned about Jennifer being so far away. This time, I was going to be the one going up and visit her from time to time and she would come home on the holidays to see me. We still did the letters and phone calls as well. I will always keep these letters and they will be with me forever. I think that our relationship might have gotten stronger only because we weren't together and had to 'rough out the hard times'. The next time we had to really be together was when she got back from Bowling Green and we could both go to local colleges and hopefully live together.
Together at last:
That is exactly what happened. Jennifer was done with college and she was coming home for good. Even though she would be turning 19 this year, she still lived under her moms roof and had to obey her moms rules. That's it!.. we decided we need to find a place to live. Jennifer found a place nestled back in a bunch of alleys that was perfect for us. It was not an apartment, rather an old 2 car garage that was renovated to make for a nice little rent-a-house. We payed $325 a month for the place and we were able to throw our own parties here. Our house consisted of a front door, a hall way, a staircase, and another hall way that we called the kitchen. This was the smallest house ever built and we owned it. Jennifer and I both worked and we both went to school. We found that we could still find time to be with our friends all night and still 'get shit done'. I think we averaged about 20 hours of sleep a week, but we were having fun and crazy-in-love with one another. I was working 2 jobs and going to school and Jennifer had found a new job at Texas Roadhouse and was also going to school. Yeah, it was hard to keep all this stuff in tact and still party, but we managed.
Pets and Responsibilities:
At last, there were no more separations between us; I was hers for good and (most importantly) she was mine. We lived in that little house for 2 years. It was time for us to see how we could care for something other than ourselves. We got a cat from one of my friends and we named him Tootsie. It wasn't long after we had Tootsie that we decided he needed a friend; a second cat named Furby. Over the years, Jennifer showed me that she had quite the green thumb and our little house became an indoor jungle. We had ~20 plants in this house covering every window nestled in every corner and hogging up the back porch. She was always bringing home a new plant to save and we ended up with a small little jungle at the top of a hill in Newark, Ohio. After we lived here for some time, Jennifer and I decided that it was time to move out to the country. She grew up in the country, whereas I grew up in a neighborhood in the city. We were making enough money between our 3 jobs that we could afford a little bit more a month. We decided to move.
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Having good luck is one thing. Being able to use it is where the skill comes in. The chancellor has been dealt some decent cards in recent months – and he played them well in his sixth budget.
George Osborne has had two nice surprises in 2015. Lower inflation has eased the interest payments on Britain's national debt and tax receipts have performed better than expected.
This allowed Osborne to ease his austerity plans slightly for the coming Parliament. That, allied with the use of sales of shares in taxpayer-backed banks and other assets acquired during the financial crisis, allowed him to say national debt will be falling in 2015-16 – meeting his original pledge from 2010.
Pushing activity and jobs away from the UK
It would certainly have been easy for a chancellor with one eye on a general election to blow this unexpected bonus on perks to lure voters. However, Osborne instead chose to reduce the national debt.
In terms of the measures announced, I know the sizeable increases to the bank levy will be keenly felt. The rate of the levy was increased to 0.21%, a move he expects to raise an extra £900m ($1.3bn) for each of the next five years.
There was the sound of a lot of giveaways – but the price tag wasn\'t too painful
It's easy to forget banks already pay more than £40bn of tax each year. The levy is already encouraging banks to move activity and jobs away from the UK. I fear this increase will only accelerate that process.
This is a tax that does two things: it makes the UK a less attractive place for international banking activities and simultaneously makes it harder for UK banks to compete in international markets.
There was also a change in the way banks can treat compensation to customers for tax purposes. Take both of these moves together and you have a £5.3bn hit to one of Britain's most important industries.
That number is very close to the £5.2bn of support for savers that Osborne unveiled. At the BBA, we've been concerned by the reluctance of too many of us to save for a long time. The chancellor announced a series of measures to encourage more of us to tuck money away.
Rewards for savers
Osborne's package for the prudent included introducing even greater flexibility for Isas, slashing tax on savings for basic-rate taxpayers and a new scheme to help would-be first-time buyers.
These further changes to Isas will create what I'd call a revolving door for these accounts. From now on it will be possible to withdraw any money you put into a cash Isa during a tax year without losing any of the tax relief if you decide to put it back in.
Many people will welcome this flexibility, which will allow these saving pots to be used as "rainy day" funds thereby increasing the financial resilience of many of us.
There was also the launch of a Help to Buy Isa. This will see the government contribute an extra £500 for every £2,000 that an aspiring homeowner can save.
Osborne also unveiled a new personal savings tax allowance that will ensure 95% of people never have to pay tax on their savings income.
The Help to Buy Isa may help prospective homeowners Reuters
There were some other goodies that might be remembered on 7 May. These included a larger than expected rise in the personal allowance, yet another freeze to fuel duty and some other duty cuts that might encourage some drinkers to raise a glass or two.
Osborne announced a review of the unpopular business rates system, tax cuts to cheer the oil industry and a doubling of public funds to support exports to China.
This was without doubt a confident performance by the chancellor. There was the sound of a lot of giveaways – but the price tag wasn't too painful and he still managed to show the public finances are moving in the right direction.
The overall picture of the economy could be slightly rosier. Yes, the Office for Budget Responsibility's growth forecasts for the economy went up and is on trend with the UK's long-term performance. But they still look a little meek compared with what the Bank of England expects. As I say, this was a skilful use of the good fortune the chancellor has enjoyed in recent months.
Was it skilful enough? We'll have a better indication of that on 8 May. However, surely we should all worry when the biggest new revenue raiser in the budget is a raid on our largest export industry – a sector that employs hundreds of thousands of people across our country and provides the finances millions of individuals and businesses need to grow. I cannot see how that is a sustainable path for any economy.
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Chaos unfolded on Tuesday morning in Lion Street, Bo Kaap when angry residents of the area blocked a Blok crane from entering the neighbourhood. Picture: Supplied
WATCH: #BoKaap chaos spills onto streets as residents block developers
By Marvin Charles and Yazeed Kamaldien Nov 20, 2018
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Cape Town - Chaos unfolded on Tuesday morning in Lion Street, Bo-Kaap, when angry residents of the area blocked a Blok crane from entering the neighbourhood .
Earlier this year, Bo-Kaap Youth Movement (BKYM) spearheaded protests against property developers in Bo-Kaap, claiming they were entrenching gentrification and eroding their heritage.
Since then the group split and its remaining leadership - Adnaan Oesman, Mujahid Hartley and Achmad Siraj Leggett - held talks with Blok.
This resulted in a “collaboration to find a solution agreement between Blok Urban Living and Bo-Kaap Youth Movement”, which the Cape Argus has seen.
This agreement was signed in July, shortly after all the protests in Bo-Kaap erupted, leading to burning tyres and road closures.
The agreement stated that the youth group and Blok were “engaging with one another to endeavour to resolve their differences and find a solution to their current impasse in connection with the current building developments in the Bo-Kaap”.
Despite this agreement, Blok turned to the Western Cape High Court and obtained an interdict against Bo-Kaap residents, served this week, prohibiting them from “causing obstructions” or “entering or trespassing on the 40 Lion Street construction site”.
Residents said the group is destroying Bo-Kaap's heritage.
"We are here to protest against this development and uphold our constitutional right to protest," resident Jackie Toking said.
She explained that despite residents being served an interdict not to protest, a round 50 residents gathered outside the development.
#BoKaap Residents of BoKaap have assembled in Bloem Street just opposit the Lion Street Development @TheCapeArgus @IOL pic.twitter.com/nlxxQxfsNi
— Marvin Charles (@MarvinCharles17) November 20, 2018
Defend your community and this happens. Elderly being shoved by cowards who call themselves police officers/law enforcement. This is what we're dealing with, people. "Protect and serve" ? WHERE?? Absolutely appalling! @CapeTown @CyrilRamaphosa #BoKaap pic.twitter.com/Umadwb5SKQ
— Junaid (@junaid_allie) November 20, 2018
Police maintained a strong presence in the area. Police also escorted the crane to the development and barred protesters from stopping the crane. Police also fired stun grenades to disperse protesters. Two people have also arrested among them an 80-year-old woman.
"We are showing today that no interdict can overrule that. We don't want the crane here and if the crane comes again we will be here," she said.
Blok developers are busy developing a pilot inclusionary-housing project, FORTY ON L located in Lion Street.
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Chaos unfolded on Tuesday morning in Lion Street, Bo Kaap when angry residents of the area blocked a Blok crane from entering the neighbourhood. Video: Supplied
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A WOMAN who claimed she was sexually assaulted by a couple during "quasi-satanic rituals" has denied her allegations were complete "hocus pocus".The woman told a jury at Ipswich Crown Court yesterday that she had been interested in witchcraft.
A WOMAN who claimed she was sexually assaulted by a couple during "quasi-satanic rituals" has denied her allegations were complete "hocus pocus".
The woman told a jury at Ipswich Crown Court yesterday that she had been interested in witchcraft.
But she denied drawing on her own experiences of witchcraft and Satanism to add credence to her claims against David Stalford, 56, and his 55-year-old wife, Bette.
The woman said she had classed herself as a witch in the past, but was now a pagan, which she defined someone who believed in taking care of nature and worshipping it.
The woman has claimed that when she was a teenager she was recruited to take part in rituals by the Stalfords.
She claimed the couple had approached her when they had been living in the Bury St Edmunds area and asked if was a virgin.
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The woman said they had told her they had been contacted by a coven of witches and needed her to help them because she was a virgin.
She told the court that a few nights later she had been told to have a bath and to make sure she was clean from head to toe.
The woman went to bed in a room at the Stalford's house, but was woken up during the night by Bette Stalford and told to put on a bathrobe.
She was then taken downstairs to a living room and recalled: "It was dark and a lot of candles were lit." Both the Stalfords were wearing bathrobes and she was told to go into the middle of the room.
The court heard David Stalford had told her to take off her robe and to kneel. The couple had then allegedly removed their own robes and had told her to perform oral sex on him.
Afterwards she described the Stalfords as being "very pleasant" to her and said they had all gone into the dining room and had had a hot drink.
She said the ritual had been repeated a number of times running into double figures over a period of three to four months.
She said the rituals had come to an end when she had told the couple that she had not wanted to take part in them any more. "It frightened me. They said if I didn't want to do it any more, it would stop," added the woman.
However, she claimed David Stalford had later taken explicit photographs of her while she was naked.
The Stalfords, of Oak Hill, Hollesley, have denied six joint offences of indecent assault and six alternative offences of indecency with a child.
David Stalford has denied five offences of indecent assault and four offences of indecency with a child.
Cross-examined yesterday by Martyn Levett, defending David Stalford, the woman said she had set up a website for pagans and added she had given Bette Stalford a "book of spells" and "the witches bible" as presents.
Mr Levett said: "You told the police a complete hocus pocus story drawing on your experiences of witchcraft and Satanism to give credence to your account that you were assaulted in a sexual manner."
The woman denied this and a suggestion from Mr Levett that she had wanted to go into glamour modelling when she was a teenager and had asked David Stalford to take pictures of her because she knew he was interested in photography.
But she admitted that she had been working recently in a gentlemen's club as a pole and lap dancer.
Asked by Steven Dyble, defending Bette Stalford, if she would have been able to create a fiction of ritual abuse from her own knowledge of paganism and witchcraft, the woman replied: "I would have gone into more detail and I would have been able to answer the questions a lot better."
The trial continues today.
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My husband lives in America while I live in pakistan. We have been married for 10 months now. He sends me money every two or three months or when I tell him that I have no more left. He sends the money through his mother and not directly to me. I feel awkward asking his mother for the money. My question is whether Islam says anything regarding him sending money directly to me. Or should I continue accepting money from his mother?
Answer
All perfect praise be to Allah, The Lord of the worlds. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger.
The Sharia made it an obligation on the husband to spend on his wife according to reasonable terms. Allah says (what means): {The duty of feeding and clothing nursing mothers in a reasonable manner is upon the father of the child. No-one should be charged beyond his capacity.} [Quran 2:233]
Besides, ‘Aa’ishah, may Allah be pleased with her, narrated that the Prophet said to Hind bint ‘Utbah, may Allah be pleased with her (when she came to him and complained that her husband Abu Sufyaan was a miser and did not give her enough for her and her children), “Take what suffices you and your children within what is acceptable.” [Al-Bukhari]
Hence, the husband is obliged to spend on his wife, but it is not mentioned in the Sharia – as far as we know – how he should deliver that money to her, and some scholars of Fiqh stated that if he puts the money in her hands, then this is enough.
Mughni Al-Muhtaaj, a Shaafi'i book, reads, “The expression ‘making her possess (the money)’ is understood to mean that there is offer and acceptance, but this is not what is meant; rather, it is sufficient to deliver the money to her with the intention of doing what he is obliged to do, like all other debts, and this does not need a special wording; it is enough that he puts it (the money) in her hands.”
The husband should not deliver it to her in a manner that causes her embarrassment. However, we did not come across a text of the scholars of Fiqh about the method that you mentioned here, which is delivering the money to the wife through her mother-in-law, and whether the wife may refrain from accepting it [in this case]. Yes, some scholars of Fiqh stated that it is permissible for her to refrain from accepting it in case it comes from a stranger who donates the money, because of fear of him conferring his favors upon her.
I’aanatu At-Taalibeen, a Shaafi'i Fiqh reference, reads, “If a stranger volunteers to give the wife her maintenance money, then she is not obliged to accept it because he would be conferring a favor upon her. But if this man gives it to her husband and the latter gives it to her [his wife], then she is obliged to accept it as there is no conferring of favors...”
Also, there is no conferring of favors in your case because it is not your mother-in-law who is donating the money to you [as it was only sent to her by your husband to give it to you]. Therefore, it appears – and Allah knows best – that you are not entitled to refrain from accepting it, and your husband clears himself of his obligation to spend on you by sending the money through his mother.
In any case, there is no harm if you and your husband try to reach an understanding about the matter, and he should be thoughtful about it. Rather, if his mother orders him to give you the money through her, then he is not obliged to obey her. Obedience to the parents is restricted to what benefits them while there is no harm on the child, as has been stated by the scholars, and we have explained this in fatwa 131695.
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The IRS says it has started sending out letters to people who may be eligible for advance monthly child tax payments.
Author: Nate Hanson
Published: 3:09 PM CDT June 10, 2021
Updated: 12:57 PM CDT June 14, 2021
While the $1.9 trillion American Rescue Plan signed by President Joe Biden in March got headlines because of the $1,400 payments sent to millions of people as financial relief during the COVID-19 pandemic, the stimulus package also enacted several changes to the child tax credit.
Among the changes was an increase in the tax credit people can receive. Prior to the American Rescue Plan, the child tax credit was worth up to $2,000 per eligible child. This year, the credit is worth up to $3,600 per child, depending on age. Many people have had questions about whether they are eligible for the credit and how they might receive it.
THE QUESTION
VERIFY viewer Kathryn asked: For children born in 2021, are they eligible for the expanded child tax credit of $3,600?
THE SOURCES
IRS
American Rescue Plan
Congressional Research Service
Mark Steber, senior vice president and chief tax information officer at Jackson Hewitt Tax Service
THE ANSWER
Yes, eligible parents will be able to get a $3,600 child tax credit for children born in 2021.
WHAT WE FOUND
The child tax credit has been an option for decades to help families offset their tax liabilities, according to Mark Steber, senior vice president and chief tax information officer at Jackson Hewitt Tax Service.
“It’s merely a tax credit on your income tax return, which is different than a tax deduction,” Steber said. “It's a dollar for dollar offset of any income tax liability that you might have had based on the number of children that you have that are qualifying dependents. And there are some other thresholds: relationship, income level and so forth.”
The maximum child tax credit this year is $3,000 for dependents ages 6 to 17, and $3,600 for dependents 5 and younger, according to the IRS.
So, people who have babies in 2021 will be able to claim a child tax credit of up to $3,600 as long as they meet the other child tax credit requirements.
The maximum child credit is available to people at the following income levels:
$75,000 or less for singles
$112,500 or less for heads of household
$150,000 or less for married couples filing a joint return and qualified widows and widowers.
Some people above those income thresholds will still qualify for a child tax credit, but not the maximum amount. The usual $2,000 child tax credit is still available for single filers who make up to $200,000 and joint filers who make up to $400,000, according to the Congressional Research Service. The $2,000 credit is then phased out above those income thresholds.
Qualifying for the child tax credit is one thing, but getting it is another. The IRS is giving people two options this year. One option is through advance monthly payments, a change under the American Rescue Plan.
The advance payments will begin being sent on July 15, according to the IRS. The payments, which will be sent by direct deposit or check, will continue to be made monthly on Aug. 13, Sept. 15, Oct. 15, Nov. 15 and Dec. 15. Each payment will be worth up to $300 per month for each qualifying child 5 and younger and up to $250 per month for each qualifying child ages 6 to 17, the IRS says. In total, the monthly payments could add up to 50% of the child tax credit, with parents being able to get the rest of the credit when they file their 2021 taxes.
The IRS is using tax return information from 2019 and 2020 to determine who is eligible for advance payments. As a result, the agency will likely be unaware a family is newly eligible or eligible for an additional child tax credit due to a child being born in 2021.
Those parents can get their child tax credit through the second option, which is a lump sum credit when they file their 2021 taxes. This is traditionally how child tax credits have been redeemed.
The IRS says it will soon announce an online tool that will allow people to opt-out of advance monthly payments, as well as update their information about income changes, filing status and the number of qualifying children. When that information is updated, parents should be able to begin getting advance monthly payments.
The idea behind the advance payments is to get some of that child tax credit money to people sooner, Steber said.
“There's this tax benefit just sitting there for people to take,” he explained. “And some feel that you're waiting till next January, waiting to April, that's fine. But since you know that many of these 40 million people are going to get it, maybe it's a good idea to prepay it. That's not gaming the system, it's not doing anything other than getting taxpayers their money early.”
The IRS on June 7 announced that it began sending letters to more than 36 million families to notify them they may be eligible for the advance child tax credit payments. People who qualify will receive a second, personalized letter listing an estimate of their monthly payment.
The increased child tax credit is currently set to expire at the end of the year. Without new legislation, the child tax credit in 2022 will go back to the standards that were in effect prior to the American Rescue Plan. President Biden, as part of the $1.8 trillion American Families Plan, has proposed extending the child tax credit changes through 2025.
More from VERIFY: Yes, scammers are making fake unclaimed stimulus check websites
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This project was one of my favorites to work on. To give you a brief summary, using White Ribbon as the client, this campaign was designed to challenge men over the ages of 18 to carry around weighted backpacks during the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence, becoming aware of the impact stereotypes and toxic masculinity has not only on men themselves but also everyone around them.
Now let's dive deeper into this...
The Task
For this project we were asked to create our own brief. A detailed and thoughtful creative brief with a final product that focused on Diversity, Inclusion or Accessibility, in order to make an impact. I chose to tap into inclusion by highlighting the effect stereotypes and toxic masculinity has on men in order to promote change.
Background
How did we get here? Well, it all started with one video shown at the 2019 Cannes Lions titled ‘Boys Don’t Cry’ by White Ribbon. Fast-forward to 2021 and while thinking of ideas of what organization I want to use for this project, the impact of this video came knocking back. Now we had a client, White Ribbon, a not-for-profit organization which aims to challenge and support men and boys in realizing their potential to be part of the solution in ending all forms of gender-based violence.
https://www.whiteribbon.ca/boysdontcry.html
Out of gallery
Originally this campaigned was titled ‘Real Men’ which aimed to use ads in order to break down male stereotypes that contribute to toxic masculinity. The Artist is Present also inspired the idea of creating an event in which men could gather together to talked about the baggage that comes with dealing with these stereotypes and providing them with helpful resources at that event. From here the idea evolved into taking a closer look on how stereotypes and toxic masculinity weigh down men, and how it affects them and those around them. This campaign then would aim to raise awareness of these types of issues, and help men realize the harm society’s stereotypes has on them and in turn the amount of weight they carry throughout the life as a consequence of them.
The Idea
In order to bring more awareness to the issues of stereotypes and toxic masculinity and how it affects men in their everyday lives, they would be challenge to carry a physical representation of that weight, in the form of a backpack, during the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence. This campaign would then be executed in different stages.
Stage One would introduce the campaign to the public, generating curiosity and signing up volunteers.
Stage Two would see the challenge being executed, with a final event in which men would get rid of their weighted bags.
Stage Three would then keep the conversation going after the completion of the challenge.
Out of gallery
Stage 1
As mentioned before stage one would act as an introduction to the campaign itself. The idea is to release a video (above) which highlight common stereotypes and ends with a call to action asking ‘Would you bear the weight of masculinity?’ and visiting our site to sing up for the challenge. We would also try using similar post on social media to keep raising awareness for it. This would start circulating a couple months before stage two begins in November.
Stage 2
Stage two will begin with shipping out the packages to participants. These packages include, a weighted backpack, a booklet with different stereotype for each of the 16 days, and extra weights which correlates to the stereotypes which participants can add to the backpack for an extra challenge. The participants are then asked to wear the backpack everyday throughout the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence starting from November 25 to December 10. They are then encouraged to videotape their journey or share posts about it using #weightofmasculinity on social media. At the end of the 16 days, they are all asked to gather at Dundas Square to join fellow participants as they walk across a stage and throw away their weighted backpacks into a bin located at the end of the stage. During this event there will also be other booths from our partners: camh and the Canadian Mental Health Association, which will provide patricians with mental health services, and other ways of getting involved.
For the participants that cannot make it to the Dundas Square event, we have set up drop off points in their cities or available ways to send the backpack back. They are also encouraged to record or post a picture of themselves completing the challenge even from far away.
Out of gallery
Stage 3
The last stage would see the collection of everyone who shared their journey using the #weightofmasculinity and putting them all together in a video which will be shared to social media and news outlets to have the world see the success of the challenge. From there we will also ask people to share their stories about how stereotypes and toxic masculinity have affected their everyday lives and encourage them to become part of the movement for change.
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I welcome this opportunity to update the House on the Government's response to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. The current level of Covid-19 is having a negative impact on public health, as well as placing an enormous burden across all aspects of our health service. The number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in hospital and in ICU is high. We are seeing case numbers previously seen only in January of this year. Our situation is not unique. Countries across Europe are seeing a surge in cases. We heard the recent warning of the WHO that Europe is once again at the epicentre of this pandemic. As we have seen throughout the course of the pandemic, Covid-19 continues to adapt and create significant challenges and this pandemic is not yet over.
In its recent advice to the Government, the National Public Health Emergency Team, NPHET, has highlighted that the current epidemiological situation is concerning and uncertain. Due to the deterioration in the epidemiological situation, on 16 November the Government decided to put in place a package of additional measures to reduce the current level of socialisation across society to interrupt the spread of Covid-19 in the community. These measures include: a move to working from home unless it is absolutely necessary to attend the workplace in person; proof of immunity to be required for entry to cinemas and theatres; bars, restaurants and nightclubs to close, and patrons to be off the premises, by midnight; and, household close contacts who are fully vaccinated and showing no symptoms to restrict their movements until they have three negative antigen test results within five days.
Ireland remains vulnerable to a further deterioration, depending on a number of factors. These include level of social contact, adherence to basic public health protective measures and levels of immunity across the population. We are monitoring this situation closely. As always, our core priorities are to protect the most vulnerable from the impact of the virus and to ensure our health and social care services can continue to deliver much-needed care.
As colleagues will be aware, Covid-19 is once again on the rise across Europe, where it is putting health services under considerable strain and is challenging the provision of health and social care in many countries. We are seeing several EU countries reintroduce restrictions or introducing new coronavirus restrictions as case rates surge. Some western EU countries, which had removed the majority of public health measures, have now experienced sharp increases in Covid cases and have reintroduced measures in recent weeks. Some of these measures are more extensive than what we have in place in Ireland, including for example the lockdown reimposed in Austria. Other countries are taking similar measures to Ireland and a number have had to reintroduce basic measures such as mask wearing and use of the Covid-19 pass for entry to premises.
In Ireland, despite the current challenges, steps taken are working in protecting our population from the worst of this virus. Our vaccination programme is among the most successful in Europe, with more than 90% of the eligible population fully vaccinated. While every death is, of course, one death too many, according to the latest European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, ECDC, data, Ireland has the fifth lowest overall mortality rate from Covid among the EU 27, plus the United Kingdom.
In addition to the essential public health measures in place, we are doing everything we can to strengthen our public health response and to bolster our health and social services to sustain this latest Covid wave. Testing continues to be an important part of the Irish Government's response to the pandemic. Demand for testing remains extremely high, with an amazing 210,000 PCR tests completed in the past seven days. The HSE is making every effort necessary to address the very significant demand arising for PCR testing, including making arrangements with private providers. The number of National Ambulance Service mobile units will double from four to eight in order to provide additional capacity in addressing high demand. The core public health message remains that anyone who has symptoms should self-isolate at home and get a Covid-19 PCR test.
Our vaccination programme continues to be one of our strongest and most successful defences against Covid-19 and the harm caused by the virus. More than 7.7 million doses of Covid-19 vaccine have been administered since the programme began in December last year. I am happy to be able to report to colleagues that between third doses for the immunocompromised and booster doses, in excess of 630,000 doses had been administered as of yesterday under the third dose and booster programme. The programme for residents and long-term residential care and those aged 80 and above is substantially complete. Most people who are immunocompromised have either received or been offered a booster vaccine. Approximately half of all healthcare workers and half of those in their 70s have now received a booster vaccine. Progress is also being made for those in their 60s. The group I was particularly keen would be offered a booster vaccine quickly is those with underlying conditions. This is a combination of cohorts 4 and 7 from the initial vaccine programme. When we look at our ICU patients, we see that the sizeable majority of them have an underlying condition. The latest advice we got from the national immunisation advisory committee, NIAC, on this cited that 98% of the vaccinated Covid patients in ICU have an underlying condition. In regard to all of our Covid patients in ICU, in excess of 80% have an underlying condition. For me, it was critical that we moved very quickly with this group. I am delighted to be able to share with the House this evening that following on from a telephone I had with the HSE before I came into the Chamber, I can confirm that we will be commencing booster vaccines for those with underlying conditions from next week. The HSE and the Department of Health are working through the details as to exactly how that will be phased. It was a very important and necessary addition to the programme and I am very happy to be able to share that information with colleagues this evening.
The booster vaccine is adding further protection and it is having a positive impact in those who have already received it. In Ireland, the impact of the recent booster vaccination on those aged 80 and older is evident in the rate of incidence no longer rising in this group. We are seeing this internationally as well. The evidence from countries like Israel and the UK is showing that the boosters are incredibly effective in preventing serious illness from Covid. I would encourage everyone, as they become eligible for a booster vaccine, to get it.
The health system is being supported at this exceptionally challenging time through significantly increased funding, with over €1 billion extra being provided in budget 2022. This investment will ensure a continued strong public health response to Covid-19, as well as a stronger health and social care service for the future.
Before the pandemic, we had just 255 critical care beds, which was an inadequate level. We are addressing this lack of capacity, with some €52 million provided by the Government in the budget for this year to add an additional 66 permanent ICU beds, or a 25% increase in capacity. The HSE has advised me that 42 of these beds are now open, bringing the baseline in critical care capacity as of today to 297. More beds will be added over the coming weeks and months and the HSE has been funded to increase capacity to 340 by the end of 2022 or early 2023. This represents a 33% increase in our base compared with the start of the pandemic.
The health service winter plan was launched last week and will provide supports to maintain Covid-19 services, account for winter pressures, provide continuity of non-Covid services, address waiting lists and enhance services in line with our goal of universal healthcare. My Department has received the national service plan from the HSE and will now finalise the measures to be implemented in 2022 to continue to ensure a strong response to Covid-19, while also ensuring the delivery of the essential range of health and social care services that are needed. I assure all colleagues that I, and the Government, will continue to do all that can be done to respond to this phase of the pandemic. We will continue to do this for as long as necessary, until the pandemic is over.
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Uncertainty about President Trump's plans for the upcoming inauguration has sparked speculation over whether he might travel to Scotland rather than attend the ceremony. Here he plays at his Turnberry golf resort in 2018.
Scotland First Minister Nicola Sturgeon says President Trump wouldn't be allowed to visit Scotland to golf during its pandemic lockdown, responding to speculation that Trump might travel to a Scottish golf resort rather than attend President-elect Joe Biden's inauguration.
"We are not allowing people to come in to Scotland without an essential purpose right now and that would apply to him, just as it applies to anybody else," Sturgeon said after being asked about Trump on Tuesday. "Coming to play golf is not what I would consider to be an essential purpose."
Sturgeon was responding to questions spurred by a report in the Scottish newspaper The Sunday Post, which cited a source at Prestwick Airport as saying the facility has been told a U.S. military Boeing 757 aircraft will arrive on Jan. 19, the day before Trump's term expires and Biden is inaugurated.
The outgoing U.S. president customarily attends his successor's inauguration at the U.S. Capitol. But Trump has refused to concede defeat in the 2020 race, and political insiders have told NPR that Trump is considering a reelection bid for 2024 — and that he might time his announcement to undercut Biden's swearing-in.
As for the chance that Trump might use an international trip to one of his golf resorts to avoid the handover of power, Sturgeon said she has not been told of any of Trump's travel plans.
"I hope and expect that, as everybody hopes – well, as everybody expects, not everybody necessarily will hope – that the travel plan immediately that he has is to exit the White House," Sturgeon said. "But beyond that, I don't know."
She reiterated her government's travel restrictions to clamp down on the spread of the coronavirus.
"There is a booking for an American military version of the Boeing 757 on January 19, the day before the inauguration," the anonymous source told The Sunday Post. "That's one that's normally used by the Vice-President but often used by the First Lady."
The newspaper also noted that in November, U.S. military aircraft were positioned at the Prestwick Airport and had been seen circling Trump's golf resort in Ayrshire, the county southwest of Glasgow.
As Sturgeon took questions on Tuesday, she spoke from a lectern emblazoned with her government's message during its lockdown: "Stay At Home."
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.
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Bill Chappell is a writer and editor on the News Desk in the heart of NPR's newsroom in Washington, D.C.
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This medication is typically used to lower blood pressure. Even though you may not feel its effects, this medication takes effect within a few hours.
How to use this medication
This medication is typically used only once a day. However, your doctor or pharmacist may have suggested a different schedule that is more appropriate for you. You should take this medication at approximately the same time each day.
It must be used regularly and continuously to maintain its beneficial effects. Be sure to keep an adequate supply on hand. If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember -- unless it is almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Do not double the next dose to catch up.
This medication may be taken with or without food. Consuming alcohol may modify the effect of this product. Limit alcohol consumption during treatment.
Possible side effects
In addition to its desired action, this medication may cause some side effects, notably:
it may cause headaches;
it may cause dizziness -- use caution when getting up from a lying or sitting position;
it may cause unusual tiredness;
on occasion, it may cause a dry cough -- contact your pharmacist or doctor if it becomes bothersome;
it may make your skin more sensitive to the sun or sun lamps -- wear sunscreen and avoid exposure to sunlight as much as possible.
Each person may react differently to a treatment. If you think this medication may be causing side effects (including those described here, or others), talk to your doctor or pharmacist. He or she can help you to determine whether or not the medication is the source of the problem.
Storage information
As with most medications, this product should be stored at room temperature. Store it in a secure location where it will not be exposed to excessive heat, moisture or direct sunlight. Keep it out of reach of young children. Make sure that any leftover portion is disposed of safely.
Additional information
This medication may interact with other medications or supplements, sometimes significantly. Many interactions, however, may be dealt with by a dosage adjustment or a change in medication schedule. Check with your pharmacist before using this medication in combination with any other medications (including non-prescription products), vitamins or natural products.
A treatment with this medication requires regular monitoring by a doctor. Be sure to see your doctor for all regularly scheduled appointments.
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It is important to tell the health professionals you consult:
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if you have allergies to any medications or any other allergies (e.g. to food, latex, etc.);
all medications you are taking, prescription and non-prescription, including vitamins and natural products and supplements.
This document contains useful information for those taking this medication. It is not intended, in any way, to replace the advice of a trained health professional. For more information, consult the manufacturer's literature, where you will find additional information about uncommon side effects as well as contraindications associated with this product.
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The patient information leaflets are provided by Vigilance Santé Inc. This content is for information purposes only and does not in any manner whatsoever replace the opinion or advice of your health care professional. Always consult a health care professional before making a decision about your medication or treatment.
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During the coronavirus pandemic, many scientists who usually have nothing to do with viruses or infectious disease are turning their attention to COVID-19. For example, one wildlife biologist is raising questions about the accuracy of tests that detect the coronavirus.
In normal times, Andrew Cohen focuses his attention on issues of ecology and conservation, as director of the Center for Research on Aquatic Bioinvasions.
In 2007, the state of California hired him to fight back the invasion of non-native mussels, which had been wreaking havoc on ecosystems in the eastern United States.
"We began getting reports after that of these mussels showing up all across the western U.S.," he says.
Scientists were using a clever technique to find them. They'd take a water sample and then look for the tiniest traces of genetic material from these mussels. They used a test called PCR (short for polymerase chain reaction), which vastly amplifies genetic material to look for mussel DNA. This is the same technology used to diagnose COVID-19.
The studies kept coming up with alarming results, showing signs of invasion by these pests. But Cohen grew suspicious.
"I began to realize that many of these — if not all of these — were false positives, especially when they started being reported in waters that had chemistry that would not allow the mussels to reproduce and establish themselves," he says.
Cohen wanted to understand why these tests were going awry, so he could spread the word to the labs that were using them. "I eventually turned to the medical literature to look at assessments that had been done of medical diagnostic labs that used PCR-based testing in humans."
Cohen discovered that false positives were actually fairly common. The best labs reported few if any, but other labs reported up to 8% of their positive results were false positives. The average was around 2% false positive.
Fast forward to March 2020. Cohen started thinking about this issue of false positives. He was skeptical of reports that people with absolutely no symptoms were nonetheless getting positive PCR test results for the coronavirus.
"I began wondering whether these asymptomatic carriers weren't in large part or in whole part the human counterparts of those false-positive results of quagga and zebra mussels in all those water bodies across the West," he says.
He dug in and found that in previous outbreaks, such as SARS, scientists ran a second PCR test before confirming a case. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started to do that as well during the earliest days of COVID-19. Labs capable of running their own tests were also told to send a sample to CDC for confirmation. But that system was quickly abandoned as the number of cases grew and the ability to test remained limited.
Cohen, working with physician colleagues in Hawaii, surveyed procedures for coronavirus testing around the world, including the governments of Canada and the U.K., as well as the World Health Organization and the CDC, but found no requirement for retesting positive samples. (The CDC recommends that a patient who has recovered from coronavirus infection in the hospital be tested twice before being discharged, but the concern there is a much more common problem with these tests: falsely negative results).
So, Cohen updated the survey of medical testing he'd done to explore the cause of false positives in wildlife testing. He posted that paper online.
It hasn't been peer reviewed, but Dr. Bobbi Pritt, a clinical microbiologist who chairs the microbiology committee for the College of American Pathologists, says his numbers seem reasonable.
"There's no 100% perfect test," says Pritt, who works at the Mayo Clinic.
The PCR tests, when done perfectly, do boast a very low false-positive rate. But they're not always done perfectly.
Certified labs like hers use procedures to reduce the risk of false test results, since a false-positive test can lead to a medical misdiagnosis. But slip-ups are inevitable.
Most errors are caused by poor sample handling or other errors even before a sample gets to the lab, she says.
And PCR is so incredibly sensitive, contamination is a particular concern. Even the tiniest amount of stray material in a lab can spell trouble, Pritt says.
"That viral material could get into the environment and then contaminate your specimens around you and then cause false positives in those specimens."
That kind of problem is apparently what caused the CDC's own coronavirus test to fail back in February, according to a Washington Post investigation. Labs in Europe also reported contamination issues with some of their coronavirus tests.
Even automated testing machines, like the ones used at the White House, can produce false-positive results. They are designed to use simple plug-in cartridges, but "it doesn't mean that they are foolproof," Pritt says. "We've observed some of these tests and these little cartridges have issues such as leaking — even amplified viral nucleic acid — into the laboratory, which can cause quite a bit of problems."
The College of American Pathologists is now starting to help labs evaluate the accuracy of their coronavirus PCR tests.
And there's a lot at stake for getting these tests right.
People can be sent to isolation for weeks with a positive test result. Hospitals risk running short-staffed if too many workers test positive. People who are diagnosed with COVID-19 in a hospital may not be allowed to return to nursing homes or other senior living situations.
As for Cohen's original concern about asymptomatic carriers, he still believes false-positives could be a part of that. However, at least one recent study shows that asymptomatic illnesses are real. Japanese researchers who treated patients from the stricken Diamond Princess cruise ship ran multiple tests on asymptomatic patients. As they report in the New England Journal of Medicine, they documented repeated positive results before those patients eventually tested negative for the disease.
Cohen is concerned that researchers aren't taking potential false positives in PCR tests seriously enough. "As near as we can tell, the medical establishment and public health authorities and researchers ... appear to be assuming that the false-positive rate in in the PCR based test is zero, or at least so low that we can ignore it," he says.
He is particularly concerned about research that seeks to track the progress of the epidemic. In areas where the disease is rare, there will be few truly positive results in apparently healthy people. If a PCR test has a 2% error rate in an area where only 1% of the people are actually infected, Cohen notes, most of the positive results will be false positives.
That's the lesson from his attempt to track invasive mussels.
"Actually, nobody has ever found a quagga or zebra mussel" in the vast majority of western waters where PCR tests indicated mussels were present, he says. It turned out that in those water bodies, all the positive test results were false.
You can contact NPR Science Correspondent Richard Harris at [email protected].
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.
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Award-winning journalist Richard Harris has reported on a wide range of topics in science, medicine and the environment since he joined NPR in 1986. In early 2014, his focus shifted from an emphasis on climate change and the environment to biomedical research.
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Honda has just updated the Goldwing and Tour for the 2021 model year overseas, in order to make the tourer a bit more accommodating and practical.
Back in 2018, when the Goldwing had its big update, it became a bit more sleeker, smaller and the whole ethos was to make it a more sportier model.
However, the automaker has understood that it went a tad too far and has righted a couple of things on the 2021 Goldwing, especially in the top-spec Tour model.
There is 11 more litres of storage space in the top box now, taking it to 61 litres, and along with the 2 panniers that can hold 60 litres combined, the 2021 Honda Goldwing Tour can now carry 121 litres of stuff.
The pillion back rest, part of the top box, has been set at a more relaxed angle as well, so that whomever sits there can be more comfortable while cruising, while the seats are now covered in a suede/synthetic leather mix that apparently increases comfort.
One other thing that has been upgraded is the audio system, the only change that is carried over to the regular Goldwing.
In addition, the Japanese brand has introduced new colours as well. The Goldwing can now be had in Pearl Deep Mud Gray, while the Tour variant can be had either in Gunmetal Black Metallic or Candy Ardent Red (DCT only).
No mechanical changes have been made to the model and it continues to draw power from a 1833cc flat 6-cylinder engine that puts out 125 HP at 5500 RPM and 170 Nm at 4500 RPM.
Similarly, Honda has not removed any features either, meaning one gets the big 7-inch TFT screen, 4 riding modes, full LED lighting, electrically adjustable flyscreen, among various others with the bike.
Price-wise, in the UK, the 2021 Honda Goldwing Tour costs £28,349 (Rs. 28.19 lakhs) for the regular version and £31,449 (Rs. 31.27 lakhs) for the DCT model with airbag.
The standard Goldwing, on the other hand costs £22,849 (Rs. 22.72 lakhs) for the normal variant and £24,299 (Rs. 24.16 lakhs) with DCT. It will arrive at dealerships in the UK by March this year.
2021 Honda Goldwing Tour
2021 Honda Goldwing Tour has received slight upgrades
Gets new seat upholstery and additional storage space
New colours have been introduced too
It is a shame that this Candy Ardent Red can only be had with the Tour DCT model
The seats are said to be more comfortable now
Pearl Deep Mud Gray is not a very good name for what is a nice colour
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NBA analyst Jalen Rose and ESPN host David Jacoby discuss the end of the road for Gregg Popovich and the possibility of Becky Hammon taking over the San Antonio Spurs on the Jalen & Jacoby show on Tuesday, November 23.
Edward A. Ornelas/Getty Images
ESPN host David Jacoby has a prediction for the future of the San Antonio Spurs. Earlier this week, Jacoby boldly said he believes this season marks the end of the road for longtime head coach Gregg Popovich and he predicts assistant coach Becky Hammon will take over to become the first female head coach in NBA history.
He said it while discussing the team's dismal 4-12 record with NBA analyst Jalen Rose on their ESPN show Jalen & Jacoby on November 23. Rose started the conversation by saying he doesn't want to speculate, but then immediately speculated that this might be Popovich's last season with the Spurs.
"The league is definitely better with Pop in it – one of the all-time GOATs," Rose said. "But what are this team's goals going to be this year? At some point, it seems like those goals for Pop are going to be to win every game, but for the organization, it's going to try be to build for the future."
"I think Pop is GONE after this year! ... And Becky Hammon becomes the FIRST Female Head Coach in NBA History!" -@djacoby has a STRONG take on the San Antonio Spurs 😲 pic.twitter.com/L7LWo2p9lZ
— Jalen & Jacoby (@JalenandJacoby) November 23, 2021
Rose added he hopes Popovich does decide to stick around. However, after watching Pop coach a team that isn't a strong contender for the playoffs, Rose said it made him realize he may not stick around much longer.
"If you won't say it I will," Jacoby finally said to Rose. "I think Pop is gone after this year, and I think Becky Hammon becomes the first female head coach in NBA history."
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Jacoby also joked that when Popovich's resigns, he might put in his contract that Hammon must be the Spurs' next head coach.
The ESPN host isn't alone in predicting Hammon will be the first woman to reach that milestone. This summer, her name was tossed around as a top contender for a head coaching positions in Boston, Orlando, and Portland.
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It's no secret that the popularity of department stores has waned considerably in recent years. Popular department store chains, including Dillard's, Nordstrom, JC Penney and Macy's, have consistently reported plummeting sales and even begun closing stores. Common sales strategies, such as slashing prices at the end of each season and hosting blowout sales, have not helped these retail giants retain customers. These retailers must do more if they want to stay in the game.
Enhancing the Online Shopping Experience
Most department store chains lose their customers to large retail giants such as Amazon.com, independent retailers who sell their goods on their own websites or popular websites such as eBay and Etsy. Online retailers tend to attract buyers because they generally offer more competitive prices and a wider array of unique goods. One thing department stores can do to compete is work closely with vendors in order to lower the cost of goods. Finding new vendors should be an option if current vendors are unwilling to drop their prices. Searching for new vendors also gives department stores a chance to find manufacturers that offer unique or exclusive items. Incentives such as free shipping or sizable discounts on large orders can also keep customers coming back.
Technology for In-Store Shoppers
Department store chains must think of creative ways to get customers into their physical stores. Shoppers are impressed with technology that tells customers exactly where to locate items in the store, as it saves them time and hassle. Apps that know a customer's entire purchase history and make recommendations based on that information also make shopping quicker and more convenient for busy patrons. Some retailers use robots to deliver items to customers in fitting rooms, and many stores have started using smart mirrors, which allow customers in fitting rooms to adjust lighting, request additional sizes or colors of specific items, or call for human assistance. This type of technology makes department store shopping a more exciting experience and has proven to bring more customers through the door.
Rewarding Customer Loyalty
Recognizing and rewarding loyal customers keeps them coming back to online or physical stores by continuously adding value to the shopping experience. Using a rewards card to keep track of each customer's purchases and offering special incentives such as discounts or free goods encourages customers to spend more in one store. Creating weekly coupons for all customers to use and offering larger discounts to frequent shoppers also attracts regular visitors. Some stores invite regular customers to try products in exchange for reviews on their websites or grant loyal customers exclusive access to special promotions.
To retain customers and survive in the retail industry, department store chains must make each customer's experience their priority while coming up with new and creative ways to increase profits. Building lasting relationships with customers is key if department stores want to win their repeat business. Online shopping is here to stay, so department store chains must also pursue online shoppers vigilantly and turn them into loyal customers in order to compete and boost sales.
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Castle Archdale Boat Hire & Watersports is a family business based in Fermanagh and was founded 20 years ago. It is now run by three brothers – Peter, Jonathan and Stuart Bradshaw, the business started off initially as just Boat Hire but in later years it developed with the addition of water sport activities and in 2021 Erne Adventures was launched in Enniskillen.
With the help of the Tourism Northern Ireland ‘Experience Development Programme’ we successfully received funding of £75,000 this year. The financial support funded an additional 50 hydrobikes which now gives us a total of 60 hydrobikes. Our business has now grown to provide more choice for customers, cater for older people and those not as keen on water activities. The bikes have provided a unique experience for the entire family to get involved.
With the bikes we have now added a new ‘Hydrobikes by Light Experience’ where visitors can explore Enniskillen - the Island Town by Light. The water experience allows visitors to see Enniskillen from a completely different perspective at night and extend the tourism season.
Describe how the Summer 2021 season has been for your business?
Summer 2021 has been exceptional for the business, which is quite extraordinary considering we are in a pandemic and continue to follow Covid-19 regulations.
Due to the nature of the business, innovation and financial support, we were able to adapt the business, overcome challenges and grow.
We do believe the ‘Staycation Campaign’ by Tourism bodies has really benefited us and helped our business survive the pandemic. Our footfall has increased significantly and our brand has been exposed across the island of Ireland. With these opportunities and financial marketing support from Northern Ireland Hotels Federation visitors want to explore Fermanagh and experience a variety of water activities with us on the beautiful Lough Erne.
List five things that were different for you in the high season post covid pandemic.
1) The main one for us was adapting to the growth of our business which happened quite quickly.
2) Increase in staff - we went from ten to twenty eight employees. From this we have been able to offer two full time and a number of part time posts.
3) With more staff and ensuring a covid safe environment more time was invested into staff training and incentives to receive both doses of the vaccine ahead of our busy season.
4) ‘Pingdemic’ was an issue during our high season which was difficult at times but was overcome by dedicated staff stepping in to cover when needed.
5) Feeling of hope for the future of the business not just to survive but to grow.
Based on these experiences, what have you learned to do differently?
Invest time into exploring all the business support opportunities out there, as we have learned they really can take your business to the next level.
What are your hopes for 2022?
We hope that the Staycation message will remain strong, and people will continue to try new experiences and return again in the future. We are also innovating so watch this space.
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The boxelder tree (Acer negundo)is one of the most adaptable trees in the United States. While it naturally grows along lakeshores and river beds to stabilize soil, this tree survives well in any soil condition. It prefers wet to moist clay looms, but it will also survive periods of drought when needed. The only thing that this tree does not like is salt spray, so consider planting it away from streets in colder climates.
The boxelder tree can make a beautiful shade tree as it quickly grows about 50 feet tall. It can, however, be as short as 35 feet or as tall as 60. It has a round crown that is as wide as the tree is tall. This tree has a short softwood trunk. The box elder tree often serves as a home to birds because of its dense foliage.
Box Elder Tree are either male or female
Boxelder trees are either male or female, with the females producing yellow leaves in the spring that are driven by the wind to the male trees for pollination. The flowers usually appear as clusters in early spring as the tree is starting to produce its leaves. They are tiny in size, and they may be hard to notice without close observation.
Both male and female trees have three-to-seven-inch-compound leaves consisting of three to seven-tooth leaflets. The leaves are pointed at their tips before becoming round at the base, and they are one of the most distinguishing factors about this tree that is native to most of the United States. The leaves turn brown and drop in early winter. These leaves alternate on the side of branches. In the late summer or early fall, the leaves turn a vibrant yellow before dropping winged nutlets that can grow into new trees.
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Let’s start by differentiating between data analytics and traditional analytics. The terms are often used interchangeably, but a distinction does exist. Traditional data analytics refers to the process of analyzing massive amounts of collected data to get insights and predictions. Business data analytics (sometimes called business analytics) takes that idea, but puts it in the context of business insight, often with prebuilt business content and tools that expedite the analysis process.
Specifically, business analytics refers to:
Taking in and processing historical business data
Analyzing that data to identify trends, patterns, and root causes
Making data-driven business decisions based on those insights
In other words, data analytics is more of a general description of the modern analytics process. Business analytics implies a narrower focus and has functionally become more prevalent and more important for organizations around the globe as the overall volume of data has increased.
Using cloud analytics tools, organizations can consolidate data from different departments—sales, marketing, HR, and finance—for a unified view that shows how one department’s numbers can influence the others. Further, tools, such as visualization, predictive insights, and scenario modeling deliver all kinds of unique insights across an entire organization.
Discover Oracle’s analytics solutions
Using business analytics tools
Business data analytics has many individual components that work together to provide insights. While business analytics tools handle the elements of crunching data and creating insights through reports and visualization, the process actually starts with the infrastructure for bringing that data in. A standard workflow for the business analytics process is as follows:
Data collection: Wherever data comes from, be it IoT devices, apps, spreadsheets, or social media, all of that data needs to get pooled and centralized for access. Using a cloud database makes the collection process significantly easier.
Data mining: Once data arrives and is stored (usually in a data lake), it must be sorted and processed. Machine learning algorithms can accelerate this by recognizing patterns and repeatable actions, such as establishing metadata for data from specific sources, allowing data scientists to focus more on deriving insights rather than manual logistical tasks.
Descriptive analytics: What is happening and why is it happening? Descriptive data analytics answers these questions to build a greater understanding of the story behind the data.
Predictive analytics: With enough data—and enough processing of descriptive analytics —business analytics tools can start to build predictive models based on trends and historical context. These models can thus be used to inform future decisions regarding business and organizational choices.
Visualization and reporting: Visualization and reporting tools can help break down the numbers and models so that the human eye can easily grasp what is being presented. Not only does this make presentations easier, these types of tools can help anyone from experienced data scientists to business users quickly uncover new insights.
Best business intelligence tools: See how Oracle Analytics fares against the competition
Business analytics vs. business intelligence
On the face of it, there may not seem to be much difference between business analytics and business intelligence. Some overlap does exist between the two, but looking at business analytics versus business intelligence still creates a gap that needs some explanation.
Certainly, the terms are extremely connected, but business intelligence uses historical and current data to understand what happened in the past and what is happening now. Business analytics, on the other hand, builds on the foundation of business intelligence and attempts to make educated predictions about what might happen in the future. In order to make data-driven predictions about the likelihood of future outcomes, business analytics uses next-generation technology, such as machine learning, data visualization, and natural language query.
Learn more about business intelligence
Benefits of business analytics
Business analytics benefits impact every corner of your organization. When data across departments consolidates into a single source, it syncs up everyone in the end-to-end process. This ensures there are no gaps in data or communication, thus unlocking benefits such as:
Data-driven decisions: With business analytics, hard decisions become smarter—and by smart, that means that they are backed up by data. Quantifying root causes and clearly identifying trends creates a smarter way to look at the future of an organization, whether it be HR budgets, marketing campaigns, manufacturing and supply chain needs, or sales outreach programs.
Easy visualization: Business analytics software can take unwieldy amounts of data and turn it into simple-yet-effective visualizations. This accomplishes two things. First, it makes insights much more accessible for business users with just a few clicks. Second, by putting data in a visual format, new ideas can be uncovered simply by viewing the data in a different format.
Modeling the what-if scenario: Predictive analytics creates models for users to look for trends and patterns that will affect future outcomes. This previously was the domain of experienced data scientists, but with business analytics software powered by machine learning, these models can be generated within the platform. That gives business users the ability to quickly tweak the model by creating what-if scenarios with slightly different variables without any need to create sophisticated algorithms.
Go augmented: All of the points above consider the ways that business data analytics expedite user-driven insights. But when business analytics software is powered by machine learning and artificial intelligence, the power of augmented analytics is unlocked. Augmented analytics uses the ability to self-learn, adapt, and process bulk quantities of data to automate processes and generate insights without human bias.
Blog: Four Benefits Of Business Analytics
Business analytics use cases
More and more departments are trying to better understand how their decisions and budgets affect the business at large. With business analytics software, it’s possible to use data to drive strategic decisions, regardless of task or department:
Marketing: Analytics to identify success and impact
Which customers are more likely to respond to an email campaign? What was the last campaign’s ROI? More and more marketing departments are trying to better understand how their programs affect the business at large. With AI and machine learning powering analysis, it’s possible to use data to drive strategic marketing decisions. Learn more
Human Resources: Analytics to find and share talent insights
What actually drives employee decisions regarding their career? More and more HR leaders are trying to better understand how their programs affect the business at large. With the right analytical capabilities, HR leaders are able to quantify and predict outcomes, understand recruitment channels, and review employee decisions en masse. Learn more
Sales: Analytics to optimize your sales
What is the critical moment that converts a lead to a sale? In-depth analytics can break down the sales cycle, taking in all of the different variables that lead to a purchase. Price, availability, geography, season, and other factors can be the turning point on the customer journey—and analytics offer the tool to decipher that key moment. Learn more
Finance: Analytics to power predictive organizational budgets
How can you increase your profit margins? Finance works with every department, be it HR or sales. That means that innovation is always key, especially as finance departments face larger volumes of data. With analytics, it’s possible to bring finance into the future for predictive modeling, detailed analysis, and insights from machine learning. Learn more
Business data analytics success stories
Companies of all sizes and industries can transform their operations, decision-making, and projections by using business analytics. Here are a few stories of how our industry-leading business analytics cloud solutions helped businesses improve their bottom line.
Western Digital, for example, can access data 25X faster across their mission-critical business applications—including ERP, EPM, and SCM—enabling their business to focus on strategic insights, innovation, and improved customer experience instead of how to integrate point systems to analyze data.
Adventist Health: Adventist Health aims to provide whole-person healthcare, a strategy supported through its holistic software approach of deploying a unified cloud that includes Oracle Cloud EPM, ERP, HCM, and Analytics, along with enterprise data management and planning.
See more Oracle Analytics customer success stories
Analytics tools and solutions for your business—Get Started
With Cloud Free Tier, new users get Always Free access to two Oracle Autonomous Databases loaded with a host of features, such as object storage and data egress. In addition, new users get free credits to try Oracle Analytics and other powerful business services.
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NewsNews Based on facts, either observed and verified directly by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources.
What you should know about glacial melting
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By Jeff Goertzen | [email protected] | Orange County Register
PUBLISHED: August 20, 2021 at 6:58 p.m. | UPDATED: August 20, 2021 at 7:10 p.m.
The recent study by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report issued what it calls a code red for humanity due to increasingly extreme heat waves and record temperatures.
More than 80% of Greenland — an area roughly three times the size of Texas — is covered by an ice sheet up to 2 miles thick. Satellite imagery confirms the ice sheet is thinning due to glaciers speeding up and discharging more ice than they accumulate through snowfall, a process known as dynamic thinning.
PETERMANN’S ACCELERATING FLOW: The Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland is an outlet glacier — a tongue of ice that extends from an ice cap. Outlet glaciers empty into an open area or ocean and typically occupy an irregular depression or fjord. The Petermann drains 7% of Greenland’s ice sheet and its flow rate is increasing.
The upper catchment is a portion of ice cap 60 miles wide and up to 1.8 miles thick. Its base is grounded on bedrock, much of which has been depressed below sea level by its immense weight. It slowly flows toward the edge of the ice cap.
The fjord is a water-filled depression in the bedrock into which the glacier flows. It is 18 miles wide at the ice cap and 9 miles as it nears the sea. Known as the grounding line, the point at which the glacier’s ice begins to float is about 50 miles up the fjord from its snout.
1. Inland ice: With the glacier flowing faster downstream and thinning, inland ice discharge is dramatically increased, accelerating the Greenland ice sheet’s rate of depletion.
2. Sidewall drag: Friction on fjord walls helps to stabilize the floating ice shelf and is transmitted upstream, where it affects the rate of flow of inland ice into the glacier. Reduced sidewall drag leads to an accelerated flow of inland ice, which promotes dynamic thinning.
3. Melting: Warmer air and ocean-water temperatures constantly erode the floating ice shelf as it moves down the fjord. Toward its end, the ice is less than 100 feet thick in places. Its stability will weaken if warmer water hastens underwater melting.
Worrying fracture
Scientists are especially concerned about an 6.8-mile long, 880-yard wide crack in the floating ice shelf that’s moving closer to the glacier front. If it cracks off and becomes a giant iceberg, sidewall drag will decrease for the remaining ice shelf and inland ice flow and dynamic thinning will gather pace.
ALPINE GLACIERS IN RETREAT
Glaciers in mountain regions around the globe began to decline at the end of the Little Ice Age (1550-1850) and their retreat has gathered pace since 1980. While a minor consideration in sea-level-rise calculations, alpine glacier retreat affects the amount of freshwater available for human consumption, agriculture and for natural ecosystems. The main types of alpine glaciers are shown below.
Piedmont glaciers from where valley glaciers spill out onto flatland at the base of the mountain. A lobe of ice (1) spreads out over the adjacent lowland, or piedmont zone, below the glacier’s restraining valley walls (2). Much of the glacier surface is at a low altitude and may show signs of melting.
Valley glaciers are replenished by year-round snowfall in a mountaintop accumulation area (3). The weight of ice, the slope and gravity combine to push the glacier slowly down the mountain. Sediments and boulders pulled into the glacier’s base from a coarse wet “sandpaper,” which carves out a characteristic U-shaped valley. Debris known as lateral moraine (4) is deposited at the glacier’s sides and terminal moraine (5) is left at its end, or snout.
Cirque glaciers are the smallest of the alpine glaciers, ranging in size from a few hectares to square miles. They form in a steep amphitheater (6), or cirque, and are confined there because their accumulation area (7) isn’t large enough to collect sufficient snow to feed a glacier tongue.
Greenland’s loss of ice over the centuries: If the Greenland ice sheet melted, scientists estimate that sea level would rise about 20 feet.
ICE SURVEY
A team of scientists spent weeks on the Petermann Glacier using state-of-the-art equipment to study physical characteristics and dynamics.
1. GPS trackers: Several GPS units were placed at various locations along the glacier. Each tracker records the coordinates of points on the ice over a period of time to measure the glacier’s flow rate.
2. Radar: Scientists paddled kayaks along the largest of the floating ice shelf’s surface meltwater streams. They used ice-penetrating radar to measure the thickness of the ice shelf. Data collected will help researchers to determine the rate at which the ice is thinning.
Time-lapse photos: Scientists positioned a camera on an adjacent clifftop and took photos of the glacier at various time intervals to record its movement.
ADCP sensor: A sonar device that recorded underwater currents at a range of depths.
CTD sensor: This 3-foot-long cylindrical instrument was lowered into the icy waters for the fjord to measure temperature, depth pressure, salinity and water density.
Download a copy of the full page graphic
Sources: Dr Alun Hubbard; Science Daily; Google Earth and NASA and The New York Times
ILLUSTRATIONS BY JEFF GOERTZEN, AUSTRALIAN GEOGRAPHIC
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Jeff Goertzen is the art director for Southern California News Group. He was previously the art director for The Denver Post, USA Today and El Mundo (Madrid) and has worked as a visual communications consultant for news agencies in Europe, Asia and Latin America.
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"I remember standing there crying. I'd had it a few times in the hospital where it was like, 'Oh she doesn't feel like mine'."
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Kathryn Thomas has candidly spoken about moments where she felt no connection with her daughter Ellie after giving birth to her.
The RTE presenter admitted that there were times "she didn't feel like mine."
Speaking on RTE Radio One, Kathryn said: "I just looked and felt no connection. I went through days of wanting people there and not wanting people there.
"I remember standing there crying. I'd had it a few times in the hospital where it was like, 'Oh she doesn't feel like mine'.
"I remember feeling like, 'I don't have a connection here'."
The TV and radio star went on to say that she struggled to find an immediate connection, confessing to listeners: "I just looked and felt no connection. It was so alien to see her."
However, these feelings soon left and Ellie, who is now two years old, is the light of Kathryn and her husband Padraig McLaughlin's life.
"She's great, she's keeping us entertained every day which is a blessing," the Operation Transformation presenter added.
In pictures: Kathryn Thomas shares sweet snaps of daughter Ellie
View gallery
Kathryn recently caught up with RSVP and opened up to us about what parenthood has taught her and Padraig.
She said: “We feel that our biggest role to Ellie is to guide her, teach her, help her and be there for her.
“It’s the ability and the privilege of passing on life lessons that were taught to me. I never really understood that before because you don’t until you become a parent.
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Rob Kearney marries Jess Redden at five star Trump International Hotel in Doonbeg
Celebrity WeddingsRugby star Rob Kearney married his stunning pharmacist student girlfriend Jess Redden in a stunning wedding at the five star Trump International Hotel in Doonbeg, Co. Clare
RTE's Tracy Clifford shelves wedding plans for now after buying house with her fiancé Mark
2fmThe 2FM DJ said: 'We pushed it out and we pushed it out again. I would absolutely love to celebrate with everyone who was on our original guest list, I want them all to be there'
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TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan's Princess Mako, the emperor's niece, will be married next week after years of criticism over her fiance that led to their marriage being postponed for three years and resulted in her being diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Mako, who turns 30 on Oct. 23, will lose her royal status after marrying commoner Kei Komuro, also 30. The two are set to live in the United States, where Komuro has a job with a law firm. [L4N2RH0JL]
The following is a brief outline of their relationship.
2012 - The two meet as students at Tokyo's International Christian University, where Mako studied art and cultural heritage and earned a national certificate in curation.
September 2017 - The Imperial Household Agency announces their engagement. The two later hold a news conference during which their smiles at each other captivate the public, with their marriage set for November 2018.
December 2017 - Weekly magazines become the first to report a money dispute between Komuro's mother and her former fiance, with the man claiming mother and son had failed to repay a debt of about $35,000. Komuro later said the money had been a gift, not a loan.
February 2018 - The marriage is postponed, with the official explanation that the couple needs more time to arrange their ceremony and prepare for married life.
August 2018 - Komuro leaves for the United States to study at Fordham University law school. He doesn't return until September 2021.
November 2018 - Prince Akishino, Mako's father, says it will be impossible to hold an engagement ceremony and other events until the financial dispute is resolved and the Japanese people can celebrate the marriage. He also tells a news conference that "I have not spoken much with my daughter recently, so I don't know how she feels."
November 2020 - Mako says in a statement that she and Komuro believe marriage is a "necessary choice" for them. Later that month, her father says he approves, but reiterates the financial dispute must be resolved.
April 2021 - Komuro issues a 24-page statement vowing to "correct erroneous information as much as possible" and says he will pay a settlement to his mother's former fiance.
May 2021 - Komuro graduates from law school and starts working for a New York law firm.He takes the New York bar exam in July, with results due in December.
September 2021 - Komuro returns to Japan after an absence of three years, sporting a ponytail that sets off a frenzy in the tabloids, because it is deemed "disrespectful." When he visits Mako's parents several weeks later, in a dark suit, the ponytail is shorn.
October 1, 2021 - The Imperial Household Agency announces that the two will be married on Oct. 26. No ceremonies will be held and Mako will not accept a one-off payment made to women who marry out of the Imperial Family, usually around $1.3 million. It also says she has been diagnosed with PTSD due to the stress of the situation and excessive media reporting.
(Reporting by Elaine Lies; Editing by Ana Nicoaci da Costa)
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I have written a fairly short, currently 28k word chapter book, which is also currently a true bullying story from my childhood that last from kindergarten through 12th grade. I am at a major point now after receiving feedback from editors. I need guidance on where to categorize my book before moving forward with any type of revising. I feel like my choices are:
A) Fictional Memoir - where I use all fake names and I also maybe add fictional settings on purpose in order to disallow the reader from being able to potentially determine who the bully is. However, this is still risky because I want to use my real name as the author.
B) Middle Grade Novel (based on a true story) - I have been told that if I select this category, that I need to rewrite my book so that the main character remains one age throughout such as 11 years old or 12 years old so that the story begins and ends in 8th grade.
C) Young Adult Novel (based on a true story) - same as above but with the main character being 17 or 18 and where the story takes place around senior year.
My heart says that if I go with choice B or C, then my story will not hold the same impact or meaning because part of the power behind the story comes from the fact of it lingering on for so many years, but it has a positive ending after all of those years. I want to choose choice A, but I can't sleep at night knowing that if I choose that route, then there could be a potential chance of the bully finding out about the book and wanting to do something about it.
I would like to choose choice A but try to beef it up a bit so that it is closer to 35-40k words. I could do a lot better with my fictional descriptions of characters and places. Also, I feel like I could add a few other literary elements to enhance the complexity of the book. If I do that though, I just want for people to still know that it was based on a true story with some characters and elements within the book changed to protect the privacy of others.
If anyone has read the recent "Hey, Kiddo" graphic memoir by Jarrett Krosoczka, I feel like my story follows a similar structural pattern in the sense that it lasts from young childhood all the way to the end of high school. The major difference though, Jarrett's story uses all real names because the people he had to worry about were family members, so he essentially had their permission. His story has made great impact and I feel mine could do the same. I just need help in figuring out how to do it the right way.
PLEASE HELP,
Andy
#1 - November 27, 2020, 03:41 PM
Re: Which Genre For My Book?
Vijaya
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Andy and congratulations for writing what I imagine must have been difficult, yet cathartic. I've read very few novels and memoirs that span such a wide age range. One of the best is An Na's A Step from Heaven. It's an immigrant tale and makes an excellent mentor book for what you are trying to accomplish in your own book. The bulk of it is MG but it is usually shelved in the YA section. I read David Small's graphic novel Stitches and it covers a wide age as well. El Deafo by Cece Bell is definitely MG. I also wrote a memoir about stuttering--Tongue Tied--that spans a large age range (I even go past high school graduation) but the bulk of it centers around the difficult MG years. I think often that less is more, esp. if you zero in on a particularly difficult year so that there's an external plot besides the bullying. Fictionalizing it will give you the leeway to do this.
Best wishes as you continue to read and write and hone your story.
#2 - November 27, 2020, 05:05 PM
Little Thief! Max & Midnight, Bound, Ten Easter Eggs & 100+ bks/mags
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Re: Which Genre For My Book?
andy-mizell
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Thank you, Vijaya. In real life, the three major events occurred in 3rd, 7th, and 12th grade, with 12th grade being the climax. If less is more, how do I squeeze 13 years of school life into a middle grade novel? I feel it could be doable if I made the storyline last from 5th-8th grade with the climax in 8th grade, but if I do this, then I won't be following the MG novel rule of remaining one age throughout. I do not think it is doable to portray this story in one school year like 8th grade only. I guess now I am wondering if I choose to focus on MG, then I can no longer call it a memoir of any kind, correct? Also, thanks for the book recommendations. I have been looking at these too.
#3 - November 27, 2020, 05:22 PM
Re: Which Genre For My Book?
Vijaya
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Hah! It's always a challenge squeezing many years into one. Perhaps now is the time to read and see what other stories resonate with you, how they are handled and then figure out what's best for yours. Try it different ways and see how it shapes up. You never know until you try. All best.
#4 - November 27, 2020, 05:31 PM
Little Thief! Max & Midnight, Bound, Ten Easter Eggs & 100+ bks/mags
https://vijayabodach.blogspot.com https://bodachbooks.blogspot.com
Re: Which Genre For My Book?
andy-mizell
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Thank you for your guidance!
#5 - November 27, 2020, 05:45 PM
Re: Which Genre For My Book?
Debbie Vilardi
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First, let me say I hear your fear of the bully in this. I always hope the person has grown up and grown as a human, but you do have to be careful for legal reasons.
Fictionalizing is one way to be sure you can't be accused of libel or slander. Find the story in your experience. The facts are not the story. Think about all of the episodes of Law and Order that were ripped from headlines and condensed into 45 minutes. They go to the emotional truths and distill those, using them to make the audience think. Trust your readers, and be brave.
#6 - November 27, 2020, 06:28 PM
Website: http://www.debbievilardi.com/
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Re: Which Genre For My Book?
andy-mizell
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Yes, and you are correct that the bully has grown as a person. It is everyone else telling me to be careful, which makes sense in the long run.
I like your comment of "find the story in your experience." I think I need to dive into that for a little bit to see what I can come up with.
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A pre-fabricated bungalow in Ipswich and an estate which featured on a Channel 5 television show are among the most viewed properties on the market in Suffolk.
Property listing website Zoopla records how many people have viewed the listing for each home in the past 30 days.
The most viewed property in the county during July is an 11-acre estate on the side of the A140 which includes a a 400-year-old, three-bedroom farmhouse, a one-bedroom farmhouse and a thatched barn.
Suffolk Barns, previously known as The Chilli Farm, is available for £1.25million.
The main farmhouse at Suffolk Barns - Credit: Doorsteps.co.uk
The collection of buildings was featured on Channel 5's Build a New Life in the Country, presented by architect George Clarke in 2006 - when the current owners took on the vast estate with plans for a chilli farm, shop and restaurant.
The plot has a large conservatory - Credit: Doorsteps.co.uk
The land includes two paddocks, formal gardens with a reflective pond and water feature, green pergola leading to the pond lodge, an avenue of ornamental thorn trees and a second wild pond.
The paddock to the rear also has a block of 10 stables.
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It is being marketed by doorsteps.co.uk
The outside of the thatched barn has a covered seating area - Credit: Doorsteps.co.uk
The second most viewed property on the market in Suffolk is a three-bedroom, semi-detached house in Devonshire Road, Ipswich.
The three-bedroom, semi-detached house in Devonshire Road, Ipswich is available for auction with Connells - Credit: FocalAgent/Connells
The home is being offered for auction by Connells estate agents.
Although the listing states the guide price is £150,000, the agent notes it is "subject to an undisclosed reserve price".
The three-bedroom, semi-detached house in Devonshire Road, Ipswich is available for auction with Connells - Credit: FocalAgent/Connells
It has no onward chain, along with two reception rooms a large rear garden and double-glazing.
The three-bedroom, semi-detached house in Devonshire Road, Ipswich - Credit: FocalAgent/Connells
The next house on the list of popular Suffolk properties is a pre-fabricated bungalow in Humber Doucy Lane, Ipswich.
The home is among several in Ipswich that were built in the 1940s - Credit: Grace Estate Agents
The two-bedroom detached bungalow is being offered for sale with Grace Estate Agents for £195,000.
Located to the north-east of the town, the property is among several in Ipswich that were built in the 1940s.
The pre-fabricated bungalow in Humber Doucy Lane is on the market for £195,000 with Grace Estate Agents - Credit: Grace Estate Agents
According to the agent, this one has been fully modernised and has gas central heating, along with double-glazing and a large rear garden.
The pre-fabricated bungalow is in Ipswich's Humber Doucy Lane - Credit: Grace Estate Agents
A five-bedroom home in Holbrook on the market with Strutt & Parker for £650,000 is the fourth most viewed property for sale in the county this month.
The next most viewed property is another three-bedroom, semi-detached home in Ipswich.
Located in Fircroft Road, this property is being marketed by Belvoir and is on sale for £250,000.
The final home on the list was also among the most viewed in June.
Clees Hall, a £10.5m seven-bedroom moated country house surrounded by a 496-acre estate in Bures, is being jointly marketed by Savills and Bryant Land and Property.
It includes six rental properties, which provide an annual income of nearly £100,000.
Clees Hall is a £10.5million seven bedroom moated country house surrounded by a 496 acre estate - Credit: SAVILLS/CHRIS RAWLINGS
The hallway of the main house on the Clees Hall Estate - Credit: Chris Rawlings
At the centre of the estate is Clees Hall, which has been extensively renovated and extended in recent years.
Clees Hall is a £10.5million seven bedroom moated country house surrounded by a 496 acre estate - Credit: SAVILLS/CHRIS RAWLINGS
Other buildings on the estate include a converted granary annexe, a Grade II Listed thatched barn and a variety of outbuildings including stabling, garages and a Grade II Listed Estate Office.
Clees Hall is a £10.5million seven bedroom moated country house surrounded by a 496 acre estate - Credit: SAVILLS/CHRIS RAWLINGS
The estate also includes a 650-metre grass airstrip and provides a six-day pheasant shoot.
Clees Hall is a £10.5million seven bedroom moated country house surrounded by a 496 acre estate - Credit: SAVILLS/CHRIS RAWLINGS
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Few bands that achieved stardom in the ’80s still have the rare combination of chemistry and charisma exhibited by Berlin. From the unabashed sultriness of singer Terri Nunn and the brooding concentration of John Crawford to the cool exuberance of keyboardist-turned-guitarist David Diamond, Berlin thrives on the synergy of this trio.
It’s a formula that has reinvigorated the band’s fanbase and guests on The 80s Cruise who have clamored to see their ever-evolving shows over the past several sailings.
With live entertainment on hold for much of 2020, David has been focusing on his other passions: flying, Pilots N Paws (a pet rescue group) and running for public office. He’s aiming for a seat on the Truckee Tahoe Airport Board in Northern California. You can learn more about that quest at diamond2020.com.
During a recent break from the campaign trail – and fresh off a call with bandmates Terri and John – David and I spent an hour catching up on Berlin’s current status, the band’s history and his near-misses at joining two bands that are now members of the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame.
Click here to listen to the full interview on the Stuck in the ’80s podcast. Here are some edited highlights from the conversation:
Steve: What are we going to do now that there’s no 80s Cruise for 2021?
David: When all this sh– went down, I was thinking I wouldn’t be surprised if the next time we play live is on The 80s Cruise again in 2021. As the year continued to unfold, I started thinking that was more and more likely. When it was announced the 2021 cruise was rescheduled for 2022 … that was a real hard one. We had a lot of great shows booked this year that got canned.
Steve: What do you do when touring isn’t an option?
David: In the down time, we didn’t do nothing. We’ve actually done some tweaking of the show itself. We’ve done some new videos for the backdrop, which look really cool.
Steve: One of my favorite things about a Berlin show is that you traditionally start the set off with three straight hits – “No More Words,” “Metro” and “Masquerade.” That’s pretty gutsy to use those tunes right up front.
David: Our audience is a lot older than it used to be so we want to make sure we get those hits done before people fall asleep! (Laughs.) It gets people in the mood. I don’t think there’s a lot of strategy behind it other than we feel that those songs sort of fit together well.
Steve: People on The 80s Cruise stay up late for Berlin shows! We’re not that old!
David: That’s the thing about The 80s Cruise, which kind of makes it tough to know we’re going to miss a year of that. There’s a whole aspect of this when we play live now where we feel sort of reunited with our fan base. Most of these people were around in ’83, ’84, ’85 when we got going. And then here we are a hundred years later and we’re all survivors. There’s a kinship there that makes it a lot of fun. But The 80s Cruise is kind of like a subset of that kinship because it’s people that you vacation with. It’s like ‘Hey, how you doing? I remember you from last time!’
Steve: Tell me how you got started in music? Do you remember when it first hit you?
David: Yeah, it was a Tuesday. (Laughs.) No, I was 14, I guess. I was learning guitar first and I started a band with my best friend and we called the band Airborne. It was a little trio. It could have been a power trio if we had any power. It was just three guys playing instruments badly. We played in a junior high talent show. We played ‘Take It or Leave It’ by The Runaways. (Laughs.) Looking back, that set me up pretty well for Berlin.
Steve: So it was guitars that got you started.
David: I switched to bass in local bands because I was not a good enough guitar player, but I could manage a bass. And when synthesizers were popping around, I was becoming fascinated by them. I wrangled my stepfather to lend me the money to buy a Prophet 5. And here’s the thing, Steve. If I had tried to get 10 dollars out of him, he would have said ‘No, earn it!’ And this one night – I’ll never forget for the whole rest of my life – $3,128 was the purchase price of a Prophet 5 – that included the tax, because I did all the research. I remember walking into his office and asking him if I could borrow the money … and he asked me why I wanted it. I said ‘Because I think I want a career in music and this will help me.’ And he said, ‘I’m going to lend you the money because I believe in you. I think that you will have a career in music.’ I’m not going to get emotional, it was really impactful. I got the Prophet and I learned how to program it and that’s what led me to joining Berlin.
Steve: Great story.
David: When ‘Pleasure Victim’ finally went gold and we were asked for the people that we wanted to give gold records to, my stepdad was the No. 1 (person) on my list. My life would be very different had he not done that. I probably would have ended up in Def Leppard or Joan Jett and the Blackhearts. I don’t know if you’ve heard those stories…
Steve: Wait, what? No!
David: Okay, so this is the funny thing. Terri and I have joked about this. Before Berlin, she had her Princess Leia audition and she had her acting career. And before Berlin, I had these two opportunities – to join Def Leppard – it was not a band at that time; they were just some kids getting together in the UK. And then the Joan Jett thing. So Terri and I have often joked that if there was a God, then God was like ‘Come on, I’m trying to make you guys famous! Would you just like stick with something?’
Steve: So Def Leppard and Joan Jett?
David: It was through the same guy. His name was Dutch Michaels and he used to work with The Runaways. He was living in the UK and he gives me a call … He knew I played bass and I was 15 or whatever years old at the time. He said, ‘There’s a group of these kids and they’re getting together and they’re looking for a bass player, can you get to the UK?’ I was like, ‘Of course I can’t get to the UK. I’m a 15-year-old kid living in Orange County!’ He told me about the band. I’m not into heavy metal so that was the end of that. Then they became Def Leppard.
(Writer’s note: Def Leppard was inducted into the Rock Hall of Fame in 2019. Rick Savage would become the band’s bass player.)
David: (Dutch) calls me back again, now he’s in L.A. He said, ‘Joan Jett is getting a band together and she’s looking for a bass player … will you audition?’ I loved The Runaways, I loved Joan Jett so hell yes I’ll audition! There were 26 bass players auditioning and I was the 25th. I guess I was 16. We go in there and there’s Joan, and I’m all star-struck. I must have looked ridiculous because I also had dyed black hair, like a little male version of Joan Jett. So we play – I think it was ‘You Drive Me Wild,’ which is a Runaways song. I was super, super nervous. Afterward she lifts her hands up, slammed them down on her guitar and she says, ‘It’s so f—ing great to play with a real bass player again!’ We played some more songs and she’s just glowing. The audition is over and I pack up my bass.
Steve: So what happened?
David: No. 26 went in there and got the gig.
(Writer’s note: The ending of this is possibly the most bizarre, sad and yet funny story you’ll ever hear and writing it out here will not do it justice. Go to the podcast interview and listen for the heartbreaking tale beginning at the 26-minute mark. Oh, and in 2015, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts were inducted in the Rock Hall of Fame.)
Steve: Looking back on Berlin’s journey, what do you see now that you couldn’t have seen back when you were much younger?
David: It took decades to look back and realize this: Berlin worked best when John, Terri and I were at the nucleus of the creative process. And if you take any one of the three of us out of it, it starts to go someplace different. And I think that’s just what happened on (the 1986 album) ‘Count Three & Pray’ and ‘Take My Breath Away.’ We’ve got Berlin fans and ‘Take My Breath Away’ fans. We don’t have a lot of people who tend to like all of it. Fast forward decades later, I look back and I love ‘Count Three & Pray.’ I think it was a fantastic record. But it was a disappointment to me at the time because it really felt like my band – though I was no longer in it – had lost itself. It wasn’t until much later that I could look back and truly love it.
Steve: And now there’s the album ‘Transcendance,’ with the original trio.
David: When Terri reformed Berlin, they did a number of records. And it’s not that they were bad, it’s just that they didn’t feel like Berlin to me. I never really knew why until John, Terri and I got together again before ‘Transcendance.’ Finally, as adults, we could look at what was going on and just think, “Oh my gosh, this is what went wrong!” Without the mix of the three of us … we each do lots of different things. Somehow just the chemistry between the three of us when we’re working on stuff, it just kind of turns out cool!
(Berlin will return to The 80s Cruise in 2022. Track their latest news on their official website – berlinpage.com. Steve Spears is the creator and co-host of the award-winning Stuck in the ’80s podcast. Steve and co-host Brad William present Big ’80s Trivia and record live podcasts on each journey of The 80s Cruise. Find out more at sit80s.com.)
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Mengs was born in Aussig, a small town in Czechia. He was a middle child, to Ismael Mengs, a miniaturist, originally from Denmark, but who later relocated to Dresden, Germany where he took up the post of director at the Academy of Fine arts. Ismael, a harsh patriarch, named his son in honor of the painters Antonio Allegri (better known as Correggio) and Raphael, with what literature professor and Guggenheim fellow John Herman Richard Polt calls "single-minded, even maniacal, rigor [with the intent to prepare his son] to rival these great predecessors". Both of Anton's sisters, Therese and Julia also went on to become painters. Religion was not part of the children's upbringing (though it has been posited that they may have been Jewish or Lutheran), however later in life Anton converted to Catholicism.
Although Ismael was married, Anton and Therese's mother was actually the family's housekeeper, Charlotte Bormann. For the latter part of both pregnancies, Ismael took Charlotte "on vacation" to Ústí nad Labem. After the births, they would return to Dresden. Polt suggests that "Since Ismael was already known for his nonchalance in religious matters, he may have feared that news of his illegitimate family might prejudice his standing as Saxon court painter, and he took great pains to keep its existence a secret". Eventually, Ismael and Charlotte married but she passed away shortly after the birth of their fourth child. When Anton was still just 13, he moved to Rome with his father and siblings.
Education and Early Training
In 1740, one year before the family's permanent move the Italian capital, Mengs accompanied his father on a trip to Rome. It was at that point that he began to study art seriously, and learned to draw nudes under the tutelage of the classicist Marco Benefial. Even in this short period of time Mengs had garnered a reputation as a precocious prodigy. Having returned briefly to Dresden, he became successful as a pastel portrait painter, with a unique ability to produce highly saturated colors and a rich glossy quality with dry pastel crayons. These works were sometimes even presumed to be oil paintings (though he didn't begin working with oil paint until 1746).
Back in Rome, Mengs studied under acclaimed Baroque painter Sebastiano Conca between 1741-44. In 1745, still aged just seventeen, Mengs was made a court painter by Augustus III of Saxony, and was promoted to chief court painter at the age of twenty-three. Around this time, he made return trips to Rome to further his artistic education. In Italy he married the protestant Margarita Guazzi (who duly abjured her faith so as not to hinder her husband's career), who had sat for one of his portraits in 1748. He also travelled to Naples to paint Queen María Amalia (daughter of Augustus III) and her family.
Although he continued to execute some of his portraits with pastels, from around 1746 Mengs began to work predominantly with oil paints, which he used in portraits such as that of Prince Elector Frederic Christian of Saxony, painted the same year that Augustus III of Saxony made him his chief court painter. Mengs had a rival in portraiture, Italian painter Pompeo Batoni, who was also highly accomplished and sought-after by aristocrats. Yet, as art historian David Bardeen asserts, the two portraitists demonstrated quite different styles. Whereas Batoni included a greater number of props and symbols in his portraits (such as in his Portrait of John Talbot (1773)), Mengs focused more closely on his sitters' facial features in an attempt to capture the personality of the individual.
Mature Period
Having bonded over a shared a passion for Ancient Greek, Greco-Roman, and Roman art and artifacts, Mengs developed a close friendship around 1755 with the German art historian, archaeologist, and neoclassical theorist, Johann Joachim (J.J.) Winckelmann. This connection likely brought Mengs to the attention of King Charles of Naples, who, also interested in ancient art, had funded excavations at Herculaneum and Pompeii, and had an impressive antiquities collection. The excavation at Herculaneum and Pompeii would however leave a stain on the reputations of both Mengs and Winckelmann. It transpired in later years that Mengs (who confessed to his crime on his deathbed) had with, Jupiter Kissing Ganymede (1761), forged a work that was passed off, with others, as an original work from the excavation. For his part, Winckelmann had not spotted the deceit and duly analyzed Mengs's and the other forgeries as genuine works in the first edition of his seminal work, Geschichte der Kunst.
In 1759, Charles became King Charles III of Spain, and brought Mengs to Madrid in 1761 to work as a court painter. Here he worked on decorating the royal palaces. The King provided well for Mengs. He gave him a residence, horses and a carriage, and several servants. He received a generous salary, too, and pensions for Mengs's five daughters and protection for his two sons. Mengs advised the King on matters such as acquisitions for the royal art collections, judgment of the work of other Spanish painters, the establishment of a public art gallery at the Palacio del Buen Retiro, and the direction of royal factories, such as the Madrid tapestry factory, where he introduced the popular images of native Spanish artists into tapestries.
Mengs was also to be active in the Academia de San Fernando. However, many members were less than thrilled about being lectured by a foreign artist whom they viewed as pretentious and conceited. As Polt explains, "Mengs believed that the Academy should be primarily a school of and for artists, yet it also contained highly placed laymen who saw it as a tool in the government's program of enlightenment and development. These members dominated the Academy, when in Mengs's view they should have had no voice in its affairs". Mengs also increased the amount of training in theory, perspective, and anatomy. Many members took objection to this new curriculum.
In 1762, Mengs published Thoughts on the Beauty and Taste in Painting (Gedanken über die Schönheit und den Geschmack in der Malerei). His friend, biographer, and Spanish diplomat José Nicolás de Azara, who published a number of his other writings (after Mengs's death), argued indeed that Mengs "was a philosopher and painted for philosophers"; that he was born "to restore the arts"; and that his art revealed more about the "movements of the soul" than could "the greatest philosopher since Socrates".
Mengs remained in Spain until 1769. He then returned to Rome where he decorated the Camera dei Papiri in the Vatican before returning once more to Madrid where he stayed between 1773 to 1777. Seventeenth-century Spanish art writer Juan Agustín Ceán Bermúdez wrote that nearly all young painters who came to Madrid (including Francisco Bayeu, Mariano Maella, Gregorio Ferro, Francisco Ramos, and Francisco Agustín) searched Mengs out, as they found in him "a teacher and protector who guided them along the right path and obtained commissions and promotions for those he considered worthy". Mengs also developed a friendship and collaborative professional relationship with engraver Manuel Salvador Carmona, who later married Mengs's daughter Anna María Theresia.
Late Period and Death
Despite his success and prosperity in Spain, Mengs and his family were unhappy and uncomfortable in Madrid. In a letter written to one of his students in Rome in 1768, he stated: "never in the world have I lived more humiliated and more afflicted, I am forced to spend everything in this country and I live devoid of any fate of pleasures [...] the hardships always increase [...] my strength deteriorates almost daily [...] my youth passes, without my being able to merit among a people of enemies [...] for all this and for other troubles I have lost all joy, nor is life more desirable for me".
Mengs's health had suffered due in part to the large amount of fresco work that he had undertaken. In 1769, the family returned to Rome, where it is believed that he was introduced to Francisco Goya by Azara in 1771. Back in Madrid in 1774, Mengs requested that Goya come to paint cartoons for tapestries, and later recommended him for commissions and a regular salary as a court painter. He returned permanently to Rome in June of 1777 where he spent his final years painting frescos, altarpieces, and portraits of touring English aristocrats, for whom he also sometimes acted as an art dealer. Mengs was highly respected by the Romans and was admitted to the Accademia di San Luca and the Accademia del Nudo where he held a prestigious teaching position. In 1779 Mengs succumbed to tuberculosis and passed away, leaving behind some twenty children (seven of whom were pensioned by the King of Spain). He was buried in the Church of Santi Michele e Magno in Rome.
The Legacy of Anton Raphael Mengs
Mengs, with French artists Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain, were the key figures in the development of the early Neoclassical style; a development that effectively replaced the highly ornate, decorative Baroque and Rococo styles. The return to a more austere Greek and Roman classicism did not only occur in art, but also in the social consciousness. This shift in thinking was brought about to a large extent by the writings of Mengs's closest friend, the art historian, archaeologist, and neoclassical theorist, Johann Joachim Winckelmann (whom he nevertheless tricked into believing a work he had forged was a genuine work). That dent in their friendship notwithstanding, the two men promoted Neoclassicism as a total philosophy for living; an attempt, that is, to return society to morality, rationality, and civility (virtues that had been displaced by the frivolity and vanity embodied within the Baroque and Rococo styles).
In addition to his paintings, Mengs wrote his own theories on art in Spanish, Italian, and German, endorsing a return to study of the works of the Ancients, particularly in terms of focusing on symmetry, mathematics, and anatomy. According to literature professor and Guggenheim fellow John Herman Richard Polt, "Mengs considered painting an imitation of nature, capable of surpassing nature in some respects. This imitation, however, is not to be slavish copying, but an 'ideal' imitation". As Mengs himself wrote, art "must imitate those parts of natural objects that convey to us the unique essence of the thing we perceive". Polt continues that art was "for Mengs a way to knowledge, through analysis and subsequent reconstitution. Its most important part is intellectual, not physical," and that painting was "a noble or liberal art, because it requires study, a superior intellect, and a noble spirit, besides being a means for the acquisition of honor and nobility".
Although, as Polt asserts, "Mengs was widely regarded in his day as Europe's greatest living painter," and his treatise, Reflections on Beauty and Taste in Painting was highly influential during his own lifetime, shortly after his death his reputation "declined precipitously". However, recent art historians, including Thomas Pelzel and Xavier de Salas, have revived interest in Mengs and his work, with Pelzel referring to him as "a painter of major talents" and "one of the last major painters of the Renaissance-Baroque tradition". For his part, de Salas called him a "great painter" responsible for developing a unique style that conveyed "a dream of beauty". His influence can be found in the work of countless eminent Neoclassical artists, including Jacques-Louis David, Benjamin West, Angelica Kauffman, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Francisco Bayeu, Anton von Maron, Agustín Esteve, Mariano Maella, Gregorio Ferro, Francisco Ramos, and Francisco Agustín.
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Ziggy Marley calls out government of Singapore over man's death sentence for two pounds of pot | The Growthop
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Ziggy Marley calls out government of Singapore over man's death sentence for two pounds of pot
"It’s illegal in that country, I get it, but to kill a person for that should also be #ILLEGAL on the planet #EARTH."
Author of the article:
The GrowthOp
Publishing date:
Oct 20, 2021 • October 20, 2021 • 2 minute read • Join the conversation
"If you have a conscience, speak out about this injustice and call out Singapore for this despicable act of taking a human life for possessing the plant," Marley wrote. Photo by Ziggy Marley Instagram
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Ziggy Marley has some questions for the government of Singapore.
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The son of Bob and Rita Marley, and eight-time Grammy Award winner, Marley took to Instagram to question the recent news of a 41-year-old Singaporean man that was convicted of importing one kilogram of pot into the country in 2018 and sentenced to death by hanging.
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“So the government of [Singapore] is going to kill a human being for two pounds of cannabis. Is that just or moral?” Marley wrote. “ Singapore, what are you doing?”
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Omar Yacob Bamadhaj was sentenced earlier this year, but his lawyer appealed, arguing that there was reasonable doubt as to whether Bamadhaj imported the drugs deliberately or not. Earlier this week, his appeal was dismissed by the Apex Court, which ruled they were satisfied that the trial judge had examined the case carefully.
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“It’s illegal in that country, I get it, but to kill a person for that should also be #ILLEGAL on the planet #EARTH,” Marley continued, adding that companies and individuals working in legal cannabis should follow his lead in calling out the sentence.
“All companies and individuals who are profiting from the cultivation and commercialization of cannabis, if you have a conscience, speak out about this injustice and call out Singapore for this despicable act of taking a human life for possessing the plant,” he wrote, tagging cannabis brand Marley Natural, as well as Willie’s Reserve, a cannabis company founded by Willie Nelson in 2015.
In the comment section of the post, Marley continued to address the sentence.
“This is the type of shit that flies under the radar and allows countries and governments to continue to uphold inhumane, unjust, immoral laws with no accountability and no consequences,” he wrote. “Every injustice that befalls any human being should be addressed and brought to light.”
Singapore’s drug laws are among the harshest on the planet. In 2019, the country slightly relaxed its stance on medical cannabis to allow a young girl with epilepsy access to CBD, a decision that required approval from four different government bodies. Under Singaporean law, those convicted of trafficking more than 500 grams of cannabis face a mandatory death penalty.
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Toyota has a factory in South Africa, Toyota South Africa Motors(Pty) Ltd (Annual production of 220 thousand units).
CKD production in Egypt and Kenya.
Toyota South Africa Motors meets Toyota’s standards with an emphasis on quality, durability and reliability. When a vehicle roads off the production, it is filled with all the pride that is Toyota.
Please watch the movie for the details of production quality.
Toyota always pursues ”Customer First” and ”Quality First”, aiming for always a better car exceeding customers' expectation. This is based on the realization of Quality, Durability and Reliability.
2. TOYOTA’S SALES AND SERVICE NETWORK IN AFRICA
Operations in all 54 countries with strong sales service and distribution network
(436 sales points, 567 service points, as of Sep 2021)
Automotive business operation in pan African region
Precaution against Corona virus at dealer outlet to keep you safe, Toyota dealers have implemented some precautions and protocols to make your safety their priority.
Find Toyota in Your Country
Algeria Angola Bénin Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Cote d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinée Guinée-Bissau Kenya Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Morocco Mozambique Niger Nigeria Reunion Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
3. CSR
Based on Toyota's founding principle of contributing to society by making automobiles, we have been striving to the sustainable growth of society.
We set environment, traffic safety, and education as the three global priority fields for our initiatives, in addition to making social contributions through our main business. We also hold social, cultural and other activities according to the social needs on each country or region, utilizing our resources of technology and expertise, etc. In addition, we focus on volunteering and passing on automotive and manufacturing cultures to the next generation in order to enrich the lives of communities.
To contribute to sustainable development in Africa, Toyota Tsusho actively works on CSR activities, such as providing medical supplies, and maintenance parts for the Toyota vehicles that support people's lives, in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in Africa.
And also, Toyota Tsusho has decided to support the activities of WFP (World Food Programme), sympathizing with their philosophy to eradicate hunger and poverty amongst the poorest and most food-insecure countries and populations.
*WFP does not endorse any product or service.
CSR activities in some country:
Toyota South Africa Motors (TSAM) has donated close to 50 000 face shields and masks to the local health institutions of KwaZulu-Natal, as well as other personal protective equipment (PPE) paraphernalia to schools in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. (2020)
TSAM donated more than 65 000 litres of sanitisers to the local taxi industry. (2020)
4. INTRODUCTION OF TOYOTA TSUSHO CORPORATION
Sales of Toyota vehicles in Africa is operated by Toyota Tsusho Corporation(TTC). In the spirit of ”WITH AFRICA FOR AFRICA”, TTC conducts following businesses.
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How many of you have a musician's friend? If you ask me I have few friends who can sing and I have three friends who are musician.This one friends of mine has full time job as a musician and got a good pay for his passion while his making a living the two are working part time during Friday night and weekend considering they have a full time job.
They're talented for sure, no doubt about it and they are pretty amazing to have a chance to enjoy their passion while giving some happiness to their listener.
Another perks to have this kind of friend's is able to understand the music world especially if you have kid's and sometime you can hire him in your especial occasion like in wedding,or party.
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In battle royale games like "Fortnite," players skirmish in a shrinking landscape with one goal: to be the last one standing. Ambition in the genre itself is more modest, with imitators piling on in hopes of sharing in the riches.
Within the past year, established video game franchises like "Call of Duty,""Battlefield" and "Fallout" have added battle royale modes, and small studios have sought to capitalise on the craze with evocative titles like "Darwin Project."
It is even possible to try outlasting 98 opponents in a game of "Tetris."
Business royale: "Fortnite: Battle Royale" has generated sales of $3.5 billion last year alone.
Many companies have calculated that the genre, which began as a player's experiment and has exploded into a cultural phenomenon, has long-term viability. Diverting resources and delaying other projects can be risky, but financial rewards beckon.
More than 50 million copies of "PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds," a fight-for-survival game known as PUBG, were sold in the game's first 16 months. And "Fortnite: Battle Royale," the genre's crown jewel, generated $US2.4 billion ($3.5 billion) in revenue last year, according to the analysis firm SuperData Research.
Interest in "Fortnite" was so great that in 2018, ripple effects were felt in the sales of gaming hardware and headsets, said Mat Piscatella, a video games analyst for the NPD Group. It was even played on the talk show "Ellen," a marker of mainstream approval.
A genre like that is the hottest thing in the world until it's not
Video games analyst Mat Piscatella
But Piscatella noted that past gaming cornerstones like "World of Warcraft" and "Guitar Hero" eventually eroded. "Games pop up and change the landscape for a while, and then kind of settle in or fade away," he said. "We're into that settling phase with battle royale."
"A genre like that is the hottest thing in the world until it's not," he added.
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Analysts say the battle royale market has plateaued, and viewership numbers on streaming sites like Twitch are settling. The genre remains extremely popular, however, and many industry observers are optimistic about its future because it can be easily grafted onto existing properties.
When "Call of Duty: Black Ops 4" was released in October, it featured a new battle royale mode. "Battlefield V" and "Fallout 76" unveiled their spins on the genre this year, months after the base games were released.
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Battle royale is most likely here to stay because it opens up shooter games to a wider audience, said Ryan McArthur, "Battlefield V's" live producer at DICE, which develops the franchise. "You can play the game for five minutes and not kill anybody, and still feel rewarded," he said.
The digital scale of battle royale was incarnated at the first Fortnite World Cup last weekend in Queens. At Arthur Ashe Stadium, the site of the United States Open tennis tournament, competitors battled for $US30 million in prize money, the same amount awarded at soccer's Women's World Cup this summer.
In the stands, rapt viewers gripped plastic pickaxes as they roared over the staccato of gunfire whenever a prominent player was eliminated from a virtual battle shown on mammoth 4K LED screens.
Vivien Allen, 15, had hoped to be on the stage instead. A fan of the game since it was released in 2017, she had some success in smaller tournaments, and had earned $US400 during the event's online qualifying rounds, which attracted 40 million players, but failed to advance to the finals.
She has dabbled with other battle royale games but keeps coming back to "Fortnite" because of its building mechanics. "I think I'll play 'Fortnite' for a really long time," she said.
Other fans are drawn to the cartoony elements of the game. "I liked how it was not a bloody shooter. I like the colourful skins," said Chris Singer, a 12-year-old from Pequannock, New Jersey.
The stadium has 23,000 seats, but the tournament drew a far greater audience online: At its peak, an estimated 2.3 million people livestreamed the finals.
In the first six months of 2019, the battle royale genre made up more than 20 per cent of the gaming hours watched on Twitch and YouTube, according to Newzoo, an industry research firm. "Fortnite" was the most watched game overall, and its main competitors, "Apex Legends" and "PUBG," each made the top seven.
The three prominent battle royale games draw an audience by leaning on their differences —"PUBG" is a slow-paced military simulation, "Fortnite" lets players rapidly build structures, and "Apex Legends" characters have unique abilities — but their cores share a primal appeal.
You get to prove that you're the best out of 100 people. Simple as that.
Brendan Greene
"You get to prove that you're the best out of 100 people. Simple as that," said Brendan Greene, who cultivated the genre and was hired to create "PUBG," which preceded "Fortnite" in 2017 by several months. "And there is no right way to play. It's you using your wits and the tools that you have."
Battle royale, in which competitors fight to the finish in a confined space, is not a new concept. Professional wrestling has showcased it for decades, and the "Hunger Games" trilogy of books followed the 2000 Japanese movie "Battle Royale."
In video games, the genre combines visceral weaponry with the resource management of survival games like "Minecraft." And it has proved popular: More than two-fifths of gamers in the United States played "Fortnite,""PUBG" or "Apex Legends" in May, according to a survey by Newzoo.
"Winning was the most enjoyable thing people had experienced in games in the last decade," said Drew McCoy, the project lead for "Apex Legends," which is developed by Respawn Entertainment. "They would spend months trying to get that first 'PUBG' win, and that was a driving factor for them to play."
Entering the battle royale market is both promising and perilous - for players and gaming companies alike. Credit:Patrick T. Fallon
The influx of competitors has dented interest in "Fortnite" and "PUBG." Monthly viewership on streaming platforms has fallen since last year, but has stabilised in recent months.
"While the market is more mature now, we have a healthy player base and are focused on fostering it," CH Kim, the chief executive of the PUBG Corp., said through an interpreter, noting that it recently introduced nine regional esports leagues.
Player retention is crucial for stand-alone battle royale games, most of which are free to play and generate revenue by selling season passes that allow players to unlock new weapon adornments and character outfits. But in a saturated market, sustaining a player base is difficult.
Some game developers are already feeling the pressure of a competitive arena.
"Maelstrom," a game that moved battle royale to the high seas, has been abandoned by players, and the website for "SOS," another battle royale game, now hosts reviews of online slot machines. After an apathetic response to "Radical Heights," a slapdash attempt of turning battle royale into a 1980s action game show, the studio Boss Key Productions shut down altogether.
Some popular shooter games are balking at adding a battle royale mode. Anticipated titles like "Gears 5" and "Halo Infinite" will not initially include one, according to public statements by their developers.
"Apex Legends" soared after its release in February, surpassing "Fortnite" in viewership that month with the help of streamers it briefly paid to play the game.
Then its innovations — the ability to resurrect dead players, and a notification system that enables nonverbal communication — were quickly copied by "Fortnite." In June, "Apex Legends" had one-tenth of its initial audience.
The drop-off is a reminder that entering the battle royale market is both promising and perilous.
"We have to make our bets far out in advance," McCoy said, "and we want to make sure that those bets are big and meaningful rather than just trying to throw things onto the pile."
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EUROPE: The European Commission has set out eight scenarios, ranging from an 80% cut, as agreed by EU leaders even before the Paris Agreement, to a goal of net-zero emissions by 2050.
European Commission vice-president for the Energy Union, Maroš Šefčovič (left), and European commissioner for climate action and energy, Miguel Arias Cañete (pic: European Commission)
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A version of this artcle was first published on Ends Europe
Five of the eight pathways outline different strategies to cut emissions by 80% compared to 1990 levels, which the EU executive assumes would equate to an 85% net reduction when the potential for land use and forestry as a carbon sink is factored in.
All require large increases in the consumption of renewable electricity — an approach enthusiastically championed by utilities and generators — with differences such as a six-fold increase in storage capacity, or conversion to hydrogen or synthetic liquid fuels.
A sixth approach would combine all of the above at lower levels, which the executive estimates could lead to an emissions cut of 90%, when carbon sinks are included.
Only the final two suggested pathways envisage achieving 'carbon neutrality' by 2050.
"The seventh scenario pushes all zero-carbon energy carriers as well as efficiency, and relies on a negative emissions technology in the form of bioenergy combined with carbon capture and storage to balance remaining emissions," the Commission said.
The eighth "assesses the impact of a highly circular economy and the potential beneficial role of a change in consumer choices that are less carbon intensive" and looks at the potential to "strengthen the land use sink, to see by how much this reduces the need for negative emissions technologies".
"The status quo is not an option," according to a statement from the Commission.
It comes a day after the UN produced its '2018 Emissions Gap Report', which suggests that current global pledges under the Paris Agreement are only likely to limit global warming to 3.2°C, way beyond the agreed target.
Climate commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete stressed the investment cost of reaching net-zero emissions by mid-century would only be some 0.8 percentage points higher than the current 2% of European GDP that is invested in energy infrastructure, and hammered home the economic argument by noting energy imports would fall by 70%.
Wind is ready
Giles Dickson, CEO of trade association WindEurope, welcomed the strategy announcement.
"Getting to climate neutrality by 2050 will be a challenge. But it’s one that’s realistic and affordable, especially if we consider that it will reduce climate mitigation costs.
"It’ll cost less than 3% of Europe’s GDP. But it’s not a cost, it’s also a real opportunity for Europe’s economy. It’ll give a major boost to jobs and growth.
"Europe has done quite well so far at getting renewables into electricity but much less well at getting them into industrial processes, buildings and transport.
"We have to change that if we’re serious about decarbonisation. We believe we can increase the share of electricity in energy from 24% today to 62% by 2050.
"If we do it with renewables, we can cut energy-related emissions in Europe by 90% by 2050. And this’ll bring many other benefits including improved air quality and reduced reliance on expensive fossil fuel imports.
"Wind energy is more than ready to step up to this challenge. Onshore wind is already the cheapest form of new power generation in most of Europe. Offshore wind is not far behind.
"Countries should now include ambitions goals for renewables and electrification in their National Energy and Climate Plans for 2030.
"This will help put Europe on track to meet its contribution to the Paris goal of keeping global temperature rises to well below 2 degrees."
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11 October 2021 by Jorge Acedo, R&D control systems director of Ingeteam Wind Energy
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After issuing its final decisions of the term Thursday, the Supreme Court on Friday granted a religious liberty case for next term and turned away challenges to longstanding decisions on qualified immunity and defamation, prompting dissents from the court's conservatives.
Court agrees to hear one religious liberty case, but rejects another
The justices agreed to consider a constitutional challenge to a school funding program in Maine that excludes private schools that teach religion.
Only half the school districts in Maine run their own high schools. The rest pay for students to attend public schools in other districts or to attend private schools. The state, however, will not fund students who attend any school that offers religious teaching.
Parents who wanted to send their children to a private Christian school challenged the law, alleging it violated their right to exercise their religion freely. The First Circuit disagreed, but now the high court will hear their case.
The justices, however, declined to hear another case about religious liberty – this one brought by a Washington state florist who refused to provide flowers for a same-sex wedding. She alleged that the state's antidiscrimination law violated her First Amendment rights, and in 2017, Washington's supreme court ruled against her.
Though the justices on Friday declined to hear her appeal, three of the court's conservatives—Samuel Alito, Clarence Thomas, and Neil Gorsuch—would have taken it for next term.
Thomas calls to do away with qualified immunity
Also on Friday, Justice Thomas once again called for the court to do away with qualified immunity, the legal shield for police officers that has come under intense scrutiny in the last year of racial justice protests.
Thomas was dissenting from the court's refusal to hear the case of a college student promoting Turning Point USA, a right-wing organization known for publishing lists of university professors it deems hostile to conservatives. The student alleged campus police at Arkansas State University violated her First Amendment rights when they stopped her from advertising the organization near the student union. But the campus officers escaped liability in the lower court because of qualified immunity, a doctrine created by the Supreme Court in 1967 that has evolved into a near-impenetrable bulwark for the police.
"Why should university officers," wrote Thomas, "receive the same protection as a police officer who makes a split-second decision to use force in a dangerous setting?" Going further, Thomas questioned whether the judicially-created doctrine should exist at all, an opinion that has garnered more and more bipartisan consensus in the wake of George Floyd's murder.
Thomas and Gorsuch call to overturn landmark Free Speech precedent
The court declined to hear a defamation case brought by a Miami-born international arms dealer—portrayed in the 2016 movie War Dogs—against the author of a book about his life.
The lower court dismissed the suit. It pointed to a landmark 1964 First Amendment decision, in which the high court said that publishers are immune from libel suits brought by public figures, so long as the publishers either didn't know, or had no reason to know, that the information they published was false.
Both Thomas and Gorsuch dissented, arguing the court should overturn the nearly 50-year-old precedent. In the era of disinformation, "lies impose real harm," wrote Thomas. "Instead of continuing to insulate those who perpetrate lies," said Thomas, the court should narrow First Amendment protections.
In a separate dissent, Gorsuch agreed. In 1964, publishers needed protection against libel for unpopular opinions to survive. Indeed, the court's 1964 decision was first used to protect civil rights leaders who had published a New York Times ad criticizing the Montgomery, Alabama police for repeatedly arresting Martin Luther King Jr.
But, said Gorsuch, in 2021, "it's less obvious what force [libel protections have] in a world in which everyone carries a soapbox in their hands," referring to smartphones. Now, Gorsuch wrote, "the deck seems stacked against those with traditional (and expensive) journalistic standards—and in favor of those who can disseminate the most sensational information as efficiently as possible without any particular concern for truth."
Another execution
On top of its decisions about cases next term, the justices gave Alabama the green light to execute Matthew Reeves, whose death sentence was recently overturned by the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals.
This is the second time the justices have ruled against Reeves, who in 1998 was convicted for murder in Alabama. In 2002, Reeves first challenged his sentence in state court. He argued that because of his low IQ, his lawyer should have hired an expert to evaluate him for an intellectual disability. After 15 years of appeals, the Supreme Court denied his claim in 2017. So Reeves appealed his claim through the federal system.
But on Friday, the high court again rejected his challenge, thus allowing Alabama to move forward with his execution. Justice Sotomayor, joined by Justice Kagan, dissented, criticizing the state court for its brusque dismissal of Reeves's claim.
Sotomayor drew attention to "a troubling trend in which this court strains to reverse summarily any grants of relief to those facing execution." The court, wrote Sotomayor, "turns deference" to state courts "into a rule that...relief is never available to those facing execution."
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Deadly shooter to really put a smile on your face. Deathsmile I-II for pre-order! – News from the European gaming industry
Amelia Odell November 8, 2021
Band saving
Live Nation will allow artists to get vaccinated for shows
Amelia Odell August 6, 2021
Live Nation, the world’s largest live entertainment company, has released a “best practice” letter to artists allowing them to require proof of vaccination or a negative COVID test from fans attending their concerts.
“We are working to ensure that we reopen in the best possible way for the staff, artists, team, fans and communities in general,” the letter (made public by Variety) Explain. “Our teams worked together to put in place new processes so that artists performing with Live Nation in the United States can require all attendees and staff to be fully vaccinated or test negative for entry. , where permitted by law. ”
The letter from Live Nation refers to the vaccination requirement as a “big model,” noting that the protocol was used recently at their Lollapalooza festival.
“We know people are eager to come back to the live events and we hope these measures will encourage even more people to get vaccinated,” the letter continued. “This is the first thing anyone can do to take care of their surroundings and we encourage as many salons as possible to adopt this model.”
Although the company “encourages” artists to require proof of vaccination or a negative test, it does not impose the new rules. Ultimately, the decision will be in the hands of the artists and their respective teams.
Additionally, Live Nation revealed that they will require all of their own US employees “to be vaccinated to enter any of our events, locations or offices – with limited exceptions that may be required by law.” The corporate rule will take effect on October 4, when Live Nation’s offices are expected to reopen.
The new “best practice” model comes as the safety of concerts and live events comes under renewed scrutiny. The COVID-19 pandemic recently saw a spike in cases, largely due to the highly contagious Delta variant. Several prominent groups have canceled shows or withdrew from tours altogether due to factors related to the coronavirus.
In July, outbreaks in Michigan and Oregon were directly linked to large outdoor festivals held in those respective locations.
“These events are the wake-up call across the arc,” said Dr. Emily Landon, executive medical director for infection prevention and control at the University of Chicago Medical Center. Rolling stone. “Even though people are vaccinated, it looks like we may need to be more careful with overcrowded events. “
The concerts are back: opening night plans for major rock groups
As the world slowly begins to reopen, the artists plan to return to the stage.
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A large, shallow, saline lake at 1,480 m in the Shiraz basin of the southern Zagros. The lake is fed by the run-off from numerous small ephemeral wadis, by the Pul-i-Fasa stream in the west, and by numerous small springs around the shore, and covers 21,600 ha at maximum extent of flooding. Much the largest perennial springs are at Barmishur at the north-west corner and at Ab-e Paravan in the north, both creating pools c.2 m deep which overflow into extensive permanent marshes with Phragmites and Typha as well as feeding open marsh communities dominated by sedges, rushes and Chara. At maximum extent, the Barmishur marshes cover c.150 ha and Ab-e Paravan 250 ha. Water level varies widely with rainfall, and in prolonged droughts the entire lake dries out except for the pools at Barmishur and Ab-e Paravan. The lake shores support salt-tolerant plant communities dominated by Tamarix, Suaeda and Salicornia. The lake is bounded by limestone hills to the north and dry steppe to east and south. Land to the west (towards Shiraz) is largely under irrigated cultivation for rice, wheat, barley, melons, cotton and sugar beet. The lake is used for salt production and there are numerous large salt pans, particularly in the eastern portion. There is some livestock grazing and reed-cutting in the Barmishur and Ab-e Paravan marshes.
Key biodiversity
See boxes for key species. Lake Maharlu is important for a wide variety of resident and migratory waterfowl, notably surface-feeding ducks, geese, flamingos, cranes and some shorebirds. Other breeding species include Porzana pusilla, Himantopus himantopus, Vanellus leucurus and Sterna albifrons. Wintering waterfowl have included especially Pelecanus onocrotalus, Anser anser, Tadorna ferruginea, T. tadorna, Anas crecca, M. angustirostris, Grus grus, Himantopus himantopus, Recurvirostra avosetta and Vanellus leucurus. In good numbers on passage are Phoenicopterus ruber, T. ferruginea and A. crecca, and several Aquila clanga winter.
Non-bird biodiversity: None known to BirdLife International.
Acknowledgements
Data-sheet compiled by Dr D. A. Scott, reviewed by Dept of Environment.
Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2021) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Maharlu. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 01/12/2021.
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Theobroma cacao, is a tropical fruit tree native to South America that belong to the family of Malvaceae and was probably first cultivated in approximately ad 250–900 by the ancient Maya civilization. The Olmecs and Mayans believed that cacao was of divine origin as Theobroma means “food” (from the Greek broma) "of the gods" (from the Greek theo), and cacao is derived from the Aztec Nahuatl word xocolatl, from xococ (bitter) and atl (water). Fresh seeds of cocoa are covered by a large amount of mucilage, which plays important ecological roles and economically are used to make cocoa powder, cocoa butter and chocolate. In addition, the seeds also contain polyphenols and flavonoids that possess myriad health benefits. Theobroma cacao is a diploid species with 10 pairs of chromosomes with estimated genome size of 430 Mb.
Conopomorpha cramerella
The cocoa pod borer (Conopomorpha cramerella) is a moth of the Gracillariidae family. It is known from Saudi Arabia, China, India (West Bengal, Andaman Islands), Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Sulawesi, Papua, Papua Barat, Java, Kalimantan, Moluccas), Malaysia (Peninsula, Sarawak, Sabah), Vietnam, Australia, New Britain, the Philippines, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Vanuatu.
The larvae feed on Cynometra cauliflora, Swietenia species, Dimocarpus longan, Litchi chinensis, Nephelium lappaceum, Nephelium litchi, Nephelium malainse, Nephelium mutabile, Pometia species (including Pometia pinnata), Cola species and Theobroma cacao. The larvae tunnel into the center of the fruit, where they feed on the seeds for about two to three weeks. They chew their way out of the fruit to pupate.
Oncobasidium theobromae
Oncobasidium theobromae basidiomycete was recognized as the cause of a catastrophic cacao disease called vascular-streak dieback (VSD). VSD has created huge losses among cacao seedlings and kills branches in mature cacao trees across Southeast Asia. O. theobromae is a highly specialized, near-obligate parasite of cocoa. It is a windborne, leaf-penetrating, vascular pathogen and may have developed as an endophyte on an indigenous host that has not yet been identified. The rate of disease spread on cocoa is restricted as basidiocarps grow during wet weather only on new leaf scars, and basidiospores stay viable the night they are shed for a few hours.
Phytophthora palmivora
The rotting of cacao pods caused by Phytophthora palmivora is referred to as black-pod disease and the disease is quite serious in areas with high rainfall and prolonged humid environment. P. palmivora is an oomycete that was initially categorized as fungi but was reclassified into the Stramenopila kingdom. P. palmivora is accounted for the loss of pods up 20 to 30% of the total crop annually, although some farms have lost up to 90% of their pods due to the disease. Every year, cankers induced by this pathogen can destroy up to 10% of the trees. P. palmivora has four kinds of spores which can cause infection directly or indirectly: sporangia, zoospores, oospores, and chlamydospores. Sporangia are produced from infected fruit, leaves, stems, or roots. They can germinate directly on the plant surface or on the ground and are capable of producing zoospores.
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Articles: Poland | Małopolska | Mazowsze | Ziemia Łęczycka | Żuławy | Nizina Sartowicko-Nowska | Ziemia Kwidzyńska | Ziemia Walichnowska | Ziemia Sieradzka | Ziemia Wieluńska
Dutch villages --> Żuławy
KLECIE
Explanations
Map of district
gm. Stare Pole, pow. malborski, woj. pomorskie
Until 1945 Klettendorf (Endersch, Schrötter), Klettendorp (Gotha),
The village was founded at the end of the 14th century under the Chełmno law on 31 włókas. Dutch colonists settled in the village in the 16th century In 1868, the village had 54 włókas of land, 12 houses, and 135 residents, including 11 Mennonites.
Village layout - a linear village in a east-west line. There were two large homesteads in the eastern section of the village on both sides of the street and smaller buildings in the western section.
The cultural landscape of the village is detectable. A relatively large number of historical buildings have survived.
No. 26 is a house from an old Dutch homestead of the longitudinal type. The building dates from the 4th quarter of the 19th century. It is situated in the western section of the village, on the northern side of the road, facing it with the ridge. It has corner-notched and tenon-post structures with quoins covered by boards, and vertically boarded gables and pointing sill. The entrance is located in the 2nd axis from the east in the 5-axial frontal (southern) elevation.
No. 4 is a Dutch homestead of the longitudinal type (a barn has been demolished and a cowshed modified). The house dating from 4th quarter of the 19th century is made of wood (bricked) and has a vertically boarded gable, a ceramic roof, and modified elevations and the interior.
An arcaded house was built ca. mid 1700s for Dawid Zimmermann. It was extended at the beginning of the 19th century. The building is situated on the northern side of the road, facing it with the gable. It is a 2-storey building with a plastered brick ground floor and half-timbered 1st floor, double-pitched ceramic roof, and a gable decorated with fretwork. The building has a gable arcade supported by 9 posts. The old layout of the house was partially transformed by the extension added at the beginning of the 19th century. At the time, the western side was rebuilt. The interior has an L-shaped hallway separating two rows of rooms. The southern room is located on the eastern side of the hallway and is separated by black and white kitchens from the northern rooms. There is a row of 4 rooms in the western bay.
SGKP, t. IV, s. 138; Schmid, s.79 - 81, Stankiewicz, s. 531, Lipińska, t. III, poz. 221.
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Articles: Poland | Małopolska | Mazowsze | Ziemia Łęczycka | Żuławy | Nizina Sartowicko-Nowska | Ziemia Kwidzyńska | Ziemia Walichnowska | Ziemia Sieradzka | Ziemia Wieluńska
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Review this procedure to understand how to use the postupgrade_fixups.sql scripts for Non-CDB databases.
The postupgrade fixup scripts are generated when you run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool (preupgrade.jar). Run the postupgrade scripts any time after completing an upgrade. For Non-CDB databases, the postupgrade fixup scripts provide general warnings, errors, and informational recommendations.
You can run the script either by using the catcon.pl utility, or by using SQL*Plus.
The location of the postupgrade SQL scripts and log files depends on how you set output folders, or define the Oracle base environment variable. The postupgrade fixup scripts are placed in the same directory path as the preupgrade fixup scripts.
If you specify an output directory by using the dir option with the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool, then the output logs and files are placed under that directory in the file path /cfgtoollogs/dbunique_name/preupgrade, where dbunique_name is the name of your source Oracle Database. If you do not specify an output directory when you run the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool, then the output is directed to one of the following default locations:
If you do not specify an output directory with DIR, but you have set an Oracle base environment variable, then the generated scripts and log files are created in the following file path:
Oracle-base/cfgtoollogs/dbunique_name/preupgrade
If you do not specify an output directory, and you have not defined an Oracle base environment variable, then the generated scripts and log files are created in the following file path:
Oracle-home/cfgtoollogs/dbunique_name/preupgrade
The postupgrade fixup scripts that the Pre-Upgrade Information Tool creates depend on whether your source database is a Non-CDB database, or a CDB database:
Non-CDB: postupgrade_fixups.sql
Example 4-4 Example of Spooling Postupgrade Fixup Results for a Non-CDB Oracle Database
Set the system to spool results to a log file so you can read the output. However, do not spool to the admin directory:
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Which actor is going to get the chance to replace Jared Leto in the role of The Joker in the DC Extended Universe
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I've noticed on some of the other blogs I read that people are doing a "frugal accomplishments" post every week. These accomplishments include frugal meals made, items bought on sale or got for free, how many cloth diapers used vs. disposable, and miscellaneous frugal tasks like soap-making or hair cutting. I have thought about doing this, but my list would be so long that I might as well say, "My whole week was one big frugal accomplishment."
Many ladies (and men, too) do the same frugal things week after week, year after year. That's cool. If you save $50 each week, that's great. But your savings never add up to more than $2600 a year. If you KEEP learning and adding more frugal skills to your repertoire, the savings will keep piling up.
NEW Savings
What I would rather do each week instead of listing every meal I made and herb I harvested from the garden, is to introduce a new tutorial or other frugal skill on here. If I can add one NEW frugal accomplishment each week, how much could I save over the course of a year? Even if I only save one new dollar each week in 2015, after a year of this I will be saving $50 per week. In 2016 my weekly $50 savings would add up to $2600, simply because of the time I spent in 2015 learning new skills and making my life more efficient. It's important that we step back and look at the big picture.
One Dollar Per Week Adds Up
If I started finding one new way to save $1 per week right now, and continued for 10 years, the savings would look like this:
2016: Saving $50 per week- $2600 per year
2017: Saving $100 per week- $5200 per year
2018: Saving $150 per week- $7800 per year
2019: Saving $200 per week- $10,400 per year
2010: Saving $250 per week- $13,000 per year
2021: Saving $300 per week- $15,600 per year
2022: Saving $350 per week- $18,200 per year
2023: Saving $400 per week- $20,800 per year
2024: Saving $450 per week- $23,400 per year
2025: Saving $500 per week- $26,000 per year
Total Savings: $143,000
Imagine what would happen if I saved another dollar every week for the rest of my life! There would be no dollars left to save! I think after a couple years, I would have to figure out how to make $1 per week instead of save it.
How could you save a dollar per week? And don't think you have to keep adding things to your weekly to-do list in order to save more and more money. Simply doing something once a year (making jam, for example) can save you money every week as well. This may be better for you than trying to squeeze more and more into your schedule every week. For example, line-drying cloth diapers can take a long time but only save a couple dollars a week. You may be better off machine-drying diapers and using those hours to make jam. Another example: it takes 30 minutes for me to make tortillas, but only saves me $0.50. It would be better if I could save $5 with that hour doing something else.
I'm looking forward to this challenge myself. I know that there are a lot of things I could be doing right now to save money, but I'm not. Things like couponing, or making my own salsa with nearly-free homegrown tomatoes. Just because I have a blog doesn't mean I'm the expert or that I've "arrived" in the realm of frugality. I'm thankful that I have a lot of room for improvement, and you should be too! Life wouldn't be fun if we had it all figured out.
Happy Saving!!!
-Bethany
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Elderberry Flowers
5/28/2015
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The other day I was on a bike ride and noticed the familiar cream-colored flower clusters on tall bushes. Elderberry flowers! 'Tis the season, so pick them before they wilt and turn into berries.
Identification
Clusters of tiny cream-colored flowers look like lace from afar. Elderberry bushes/trees grow from five to as much as thirty feet tall. Leaves of the elderberry bush have five-seven leaflets that grow opposite each other on a short branch. Elderberry bushes tend to grow in moist, rich soil along roadsides and woodland edges.
Edible
Flowers can be drank as tea, or kipped in batter and fried. Be careful though- roots and leaves are poisonous! Unripe fruits can also cause diarrhea or vomiting.
Medicinal
Elderberry flowers (or elder flowers) are used in many cold & flu remedies along with the berries. It is said that the flower can help break fevers.
The Experts Say...
(Note: affiliate links below)
Field Guide to Wild Edible Plants: Indians used elderberry branches to make arrows and flutes by pushing the poisonous white pith out of the center with a hot stick. You can also make sap tapping spouts and whistles with the branches.
The Herbal Drugstore: used in herbal tea blends to induce sweating during flu-induced fevers.
Tom Brown's Field Guide to Wilderness Survival tells us that wounds can be washed with a cold tea made from the bark or flowers. You can also use branches to make tool handles or baskets.
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Frugal vs. Cheap
5/27/2015
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Above is a picture of my husband and I with our brand new zero-turn mower. I picked this photo for "Frugal vs. Cheap" because it illustrates that frugal people can and do spend money. Most people become frugal to get out of debt or because they have a small income. I come from a different perspective. Being frugal is a fun and sensible way to live life, not something I do because I'm poor.
Thanks to TV shows like Extreme Cheapskates, which thankfully I have never watched, people are scared of being frugal for fear of being seen as cheap. Nobody wants to wear patched clothes or pick out of free boxes when "they can afford" to buy brand new shiny stuff. What we need to realize is that being a frugal person is WAY different than being a cheapskate, though they do share some common ground. Here is the main difference:
Frugal people hate waste, but take ALL factors into consideration when buying.
Cheapskates only care about the price.
CHEAPSKATES:
Buy Something Just Because It's Cheap
A cheapskate will buy anything that is cheap, regardless of if they need it or if it is beneficial. A cheap person will buy old Easter candy just because it is 90% off (like I did this spring...). Cheapskates will pick up anything for free, just because it is free. It might sit in the basement for 10 years, but they'll take it anyway.
Want To Get Something for Nothing
A cheapskate doesn't want to pay for anything. I get so annoyed with ladies who want to eat high-quality organic locally-produced food, but aren't willing to pay the high price NOR do the hard work required to keep an organic garden or take care of animals. Instead they just complain about how much everything costs. A cheapskate will try to have a baby on her own because she doesn't want to pay the midwife or doctor. Instead of fixing something so it will last longer, she'll run it until it dies because she doesn't want to pay a mechanic (or learn to do it herself).
Don't Care About Other People
A cheapskate doesn't care if he offends, hurts, or takes advantage of someone else. The cheapskate will wrap up a used, dirty, non-relevant gift or not give any gift at all. He will give small tips or no tips at a restaurant, even if the waitress did a good job. A cheapskate will cut wood, hunt on, or forage on someone else's property without asking. He will wear inappropriate clothing to a wedding, date or other event and embarrass other guests. At the farmer's market, he'll grab samples and gobble them down without saying thank you. And he'll take all he can get.
FRUGAL PEOPLE:
Don't Buy Just Because It's Cheap
A frugal lady doesn't buy what she doesn't need, period. We drink water not just because it's free, but it's healthier than drinking pop or Gatorade. We don't need to be pouring sugar and artificial flavors and sweeteners down our throat. We ride our bikes for the same reasons of health. If we already have two ovens, we will leave the next free one on the side of the road, because maybe there is someone out there who will actually use it and not let it sit in their garage like we will. Part of being frugal- not WASTING- is not having more stuff than you need. That's a waste of time, space, and money.
Care About Others
A frugal person takes others' feelings into consideration. I only give used gifts to my immediate family, who give used gifts to me in return. We know that there isn't a difference. My sister is the queen of finding cool stuff at Goodwill. But to others, especially those who would be offended at getting something used, I buy new gifts or make homemade gifts for. Homemade gifts are cheaper but they take more work (see below). Frugal people don't have a problem giving to charities or church... even more than 10%. Frugality, unlike cheapness, can be used to help other people in need. Frugal people know that their money can help make the world a better place, so they don't hoard it all. A frugal girl dresses to the occasion and not to offend others, but she does it inexpensively with good quality used (or even free) clothing. Wear whatever you want at home, but be clean and well-fit if you're in public.
Are Willing to Work
Instead of stealing ketchup and mustard packets from McDonalds, frugal people go through the hard work required to grow tomatoes and mustard seeds. While a cheap person will wear dirty holey rags because they are free, a frugal person will alter or fix the free clothing so it's presentable (taking other people into consideration... see above). Frugal people know that you can't get something for nothing (and if you do, SOMEONE took a loss for your gain). If we don't want to pay for it, we'll work for it. And if we don't want to work for it, we won't complain about paying for it.
Cheapskate Quiz:
If you are wondering if something is "cheapskate" or "frugal", ask yourself the following questions:
1. Am I buying/taking this JUST because it's free?
2. Am I considering others?
3. Will this offend someone I care about?
4. Am I being a lazy complainypants?
5. Am I willing to pay for value?
The Social Factor
Cheap or frugal will vary according to your location and peer group. In our social group, $50 is the going rate to spend on a wedding gift (and don't forget the $20-30 shower gift, and possibly $20 bachelorette party gift or honeymoon pot). Yes, weddings are expensive but it's the price you have to pay if you want to keep your friends. Likewise, if someone has a baby you're expected to buy a shower gift for the first kid ($25-$40), and diapers or outfit with any subsequent kid. And don't forget a meal for the sleep-deprived family. The going rate for graduation gifts around here is probably $20-$30. This is just for gift-giving. There is other socially-inflicted spending too- things like eating out, group camping trips, outings, etc. I'm sure the price tag is even higher for people with kids.
I'll be brutally honest here and say what many of us are thinking but never say because it might "look bad". Am I the only one who winces at a $30 restaurant bill because it could have fed both of us for a week or two? Sometimes it hurts to pinch pennies and save as much money as possible, only to stuff it all in a gift card so some college-bound graduate can go buy beer for his roommates. It's hard to throw down a whole week's grocery budget to buy yet another baby outfit that the kid will probably outgrow before he has a chance to puke on it, or realize that you have 5 weddings this year that will cost you hundreds of dollars. YOU could do so much with all that money that those other people are just going to flush down the toilet!!
Here's the deal, though. It's not about you, it's about THEM. Do you want to keep your friends or turn them all off? Don't look at it as a waste of money- look at it as an investment in a friendship. Cut your own expenses before you cut social expenses. And if your peer group really is more than you can afford... maybe it's time to find new like-minded friends.
The "Spendy American" Factor
People here in the US (especially those who have never been to a poor country) lack perspective. A modern US-American definition of "poor" includes cell phones, new clothes, nearly $40 per week in food for ONE person and other niceties. Our definition of "safe" and "sanitary" would never fly on a dusty, dirty high-speed chicken bus in Guatemala... or even eating street chicken in Guatemala. You want unsanitary? How about throwing your poopy toilet paper in an open wastebaket with a pile of other people's poopy toilet paper? But yet somehow life goes on for the Guatemalans just like it does for us. This lady got run off of her blog by a bunch of cyber bullies who accused her of child abuse because she wanted to use sofa beds or other non-mattress options in her kids' room, and also because her family didn't have health insurance. They thought she was gross for eating apples that her kids had already taken a bite out of. Other bloggers thought she was being a cheapskate because she shopped at Walmart and didn't buy organic meat or vegetables. This lady, on the other hand, can feed her kids weeds and overripe produce, treat pinworms with pumpkin seeds, and use rags for toilet paper without the bullying, because she lives in a different country. Any kind of alternative lifestyle will bring criticism, and that includes frugality. If you don't want to be criticized, then don't advertise habits that fall outside cultural norms.
I don't have any problem with being a cheapskate in my own home. Not one little bit. I have no moral misgivings whatsoever about reusing plastic containers, using a tea bag twice or whatever you might call "gross". I'm too "cheap" to treat myself to a second car, subscribe to Netflix, keep nuts or avocados on my weekly grocery list or buy new books for myself. I'm too "cheap" to buy stuff I don't need in order to impress people, and I'm too cheap to buy stuff that I have the time, energy and skill to make myself. Yep, I''m a cheapskate. It's my home- I should be able to do whatever I want without worrying what other people think of me. If people are at my house I will respect their preferences, but I won't let their opinion control my entire life. Some ladies would get embarrassed if a friend came over to her house and had to sit on an old chair or eat anything less than organic filet mignon. Not me. There is no shame in a small home, simple furnishings, or boring food, clothing and education. If people think you are poor, so what? You may find that people are more comfortable in your home because they don't have to compete with you.
Debt is a huge problem here in the US. People buy a nice car, big house, TVs on credit cards, a degree that they don't use, and then they are forced to be "frugal" in order to pay off selfish, thoughtless debt. They must either cheat the neighbor of his yearly Christmas gift or go without dinner in order to make ends meet. For these people it's a little more difficult to discern between frugal and cheap, but they may just have to be honest with their friends ("sorry, we can't afford to spend a week with you in the Bahamas because we bought a new Mercedes for ourselves"). Selfish overspending may lead to selfish cheapness in the future. Frugality FIRST leads to generosity later.
Frugal People Can Afford Being Lavish Sometimes
If you are saving lots of money being frugal, you won't ever need to be cheap. You can afford to spend more on giving expensive gifts, eating out with friends, going to church camp for a week if you aren't spending as much on yourself- food, clothes, housing, transportation. Being frugal (not cheap) will give you some breathing room and help you make better long-term decisions; enable you to buy good tools and pay for relevant education. It will help you KEEP friends and not alienate them, embarrass them or offend them.
You may even be able to afford a luxurious brand-new zero-turn mower that will last many years and make mowing a massive lawn every week a little more enjoyable. ;)
Here's to being FRUGAL!
-Bethany
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Farmer's Market Experiment: Week 4
5/25/2015
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I've officially completed a whole month of farmer's market. And my sanity is still intact! Only five more months to go. Last Saturday was sunny and gorgeous outside. It was Memorial Day weekend and the market was swarming with people looking to buy stuff. It was the best week we have had so far.
A Visit from the State Inspector
Yep, we actually had the inspector come out! I was sorting some boxes underneath our table and got up to find a lady with a bright green polo shirt at my booth. She said, "I'm the state food inspector," (or something like that) and my heart did a flip-flop. Oh no, what had I done wrong? You know how it feels when you see a cop car hiding in the bushes, so you slam on the brakes even though you're only doing 25 mph? That's how I felt.
She asked if I was licensed or doing cottage foods. Then she asked if I had the notice written somewhere on my tag. Before I had a chance to answer, she flipped over a marshmallow tag and said, "Oh, yup! You do." Then she asked if I had anything with meat or cheeses in it, which I didn't. Then she told me to have a nice day and went to the next booth. Whew! A clean bill of health from the inspector. She didn't seem to mind that the labels were folded over, which was a relief.
Booth Appearance
We didn't make many changes to the booth this week. Hubs and I made some more crates to stack beside our table, which creates more of an inviting U-shape. Next week I'll have some different products to put on display in the crates. I meant to order a banner for our booth, but didn't get one in time. Instead, I printed out a plain sign and used a corner cutter to dress it up a little. Then we pinned it to the tablecloth. I also made individual price signs for many of the items this week. I've noticed that people read the signs first and then look for the product. Honestly, there is so much packaging on some of our items that it is hard to tell what it is. I think the signs really helped us sell more product this week.
Product Mix
Wins: I think most of our products were good sellers this week. 13 of our 26 products sold out! SIL sold all of her by-the-dozen cookies. I made some rice crispy treats this week with my marshmallows and sold 3 out of 4 of them- I brought six bags of toffee and sold five. Brothers sold 75% of their pumpkin bread and 100% of the rhubarb crisp that they baked.
Losses: SIL brought some individual monster cookies and sold a little less than half. I brought three bags of granola and only sold one of them. Also made a rhubarb cinnamon roll and only sold one out of three pans. But even these products weren't total losses.
Marketing
No special marketing efforts this week. We had a lot of repeat customers again though.
Bottom Line
Expenses
Booth: $3
Tent: $5
Gasoline: $6
Costs of Goods Sold: $13.10
Total Expenses: $27.10
Income
Amish Peanut Butter: $6.00
Rice Krispy Treats: $10.50
Granola: $5.00
Egg Noodles: $5.00
Toffee: $22.00
Marshmallows: $10.50
Rhubarb Sticky Buns: $5.00
Total Income: $64.00
Total Profits: $37.10
So there you have it! Almost $40 this week at the market. Between the three of us bakers, we had over $180 in sales last week, which was pretty impressive in my opinion. We brought home only one crate's worth of stuff.
Work Load
My work load for the farmer's market gets smaller and smaller each week. I do most of my candy/marshmallow making on Tuesday. Last week I made egg noodles on Thursday, and rhubarb sticky buns & rice krispy treats on Friday. The majority of my work this week (Thursday & Friday) produced less than 20% of my profits.
Hourly Wage
Last week I made a "Profit of Products" spreadsheet that figures my profit per recipe, profit per unit sold, day's profit, and hourly wage (this is how I figure my "costs of goods sold"). Each product has an hourly wage. The average of all of my hourly wages comes to $11.72. I think this is okay, but not great. My goal is to limit the under-$15-per-hour and sell more of the over-$15-per-hour products. To give you an example, making toffee pays up to $20 per hour. Marshmallows are in the $17 per hour range. Baked goods, on the other hand, pay less than $10 per hour, and noodle making only pays $1 per hour.
The Pricing Dilemma
In addition to legal constraints, potential farmer's market sellers have a pricing dilemma to deal with. Most people are used to buying food at Walmart. This food is made with extremely cheap labor: machines or foreign workers. This is how Walmart can sell a box of noodles for $1.00. The home baker, on the other hand, must pay retail US-American prices for ingredients (already equal to $1.00 per box). The home baker doesn't have machines, nor can he hire anyone for $1.00 per hour, so he must either lose money on his product or work at foreign labor prices himself.
We've figured out that people at our market won't pay more than $5 for baked goods. In order to make a good $300 at market, we'd have to produce 60 items for sale. If each item took 20 minutes to make (perfectly reasonable if you include packaging time), you'd have 20 hours into your farmer's market venture, plus another 6 hours on market day and 2 hours per week on administration stuff. That's almost a 30-hour week, and what are you getting? $300 minus the cost of your ingredients, which are probably at least $100.
Honestly, I want a nice little side-income, not another low-paying part time job. So we've got a little ways to go on this hourly wage thing.
Next week I'll be looking for better, more profitable items to make and sell. :)
-Bethany
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Garden Update: Spring 2015
5/22/2015
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Raised beds.
Just this week I finally put my tomato and pepper seedlings in their raised beds! In order to cut down on weeding time, I've decided to try a square foot-meets-lasagna-gardening-meets-companion planting experiment. I cut the size of my garden in half from last year. Instead of doing separate crops in rows, different plants will grow together in each 2-foot plot. I also have three 4 x 4' raised beds that Hubs made me. The point of my raised beds and squares is that I won't have to use the tiller. My long term plan is to put most everything into raised beds.
Garden Structure
4 x 4 Raised Beds: These are planted with peppers and tomatoes. Last fall I filled them with alternating layers of leaves, grass clippings, and horse/goat/chicken manure. This Spring before planting put newspaper over everything and then topped it all off with a generous layer of cow manure compost from my parents' farm. Next time the grass gets mowed, the clippings will be put on as mulch.
2 x 2' Squares
2 x 2 Squares: These squares form the basis of a Three Sisters garden. Right now they are planted with cool-season crops, but when it gets warmer I will plant corn and melons/squash in each square. I saw this kind of garden a lot in Guatemala and thought I'd give it a try. Like the raised beds, each planted square gets topped off with a layer of compost and then grass clippings. I will hoe in between the squares and keep piling on mulch, until they all become little mounds of vegetable goodness.
Plants
Vegetables
Lettuce: The lettuce is coming up nicely. I saved some seeds from last year, and (learning from my mistakes!) I only planted a few heads. Soon I will put in another planting of lettuce.
Lettuce
Peas: The peas are up and growing, also saved from last year. Unfortunately my MIL gave me some dry peas, which got all mixed up with my snap peas. Oops.
Peas
Green Beans: Beans saved from last year have popped up. A few of them froze and also there were a few that I believe were eaten by bugs before they sprouted. This happened last year, as well.
Radishes: I planted one radish in the middle of each square- most of these have been eaten by bugs.
Carrots: These are leftover from last year. I should probably plant some new ones and let these old ones go to seed.
Tomatoes: I grew Beefsteaks and Romas this year from seed, being careful to label which was which. Unfortunately during the transplanting process the tomatoes were moved into larger cups and the two varieties got mixed up. Oops.
Tomatoes & Peppers
Peppers: I went a little crazy with the peppers, I'll admit. I bought three varieties to grow from seed: California Wonder, Purple Beauty, and Ancho peppers. I also planted some seeds I saved from last year, and some chili pepper seeds that I found in the cupboard.
Chili pepper plants.
Garlic: I bought an Elephant garlic bulb at Walmart and planted each of the cloves, which are coming up nicely.
Fruits
Strawberries: The plants I planted last year are doing great. They have a ton of blossoms and I can't wait for the harvest in a few weeks.
A row of strawberry plants.
Raspberries: The raspberries got a little overrun by weeds and new raspberry shoots. I've tackled most of the weeds but now either have to thin out the new plants or transplant them somewhere. No blossoms on these yet.
A row of weedy raspberry canes.
Herbs
Chives: Up and coming like usual. I might try to save and plant some chives seeds this year.
Sage: Also up and coming like usual.
Dill: We had some volunteer dill pop up from last year. I hope to dry some dill weed to add to my spice cupboard.
Volunteer Dill
Fennel: My fennel also grew back from last year. Does anyone know what fennel is actually used for??
Cilantro: And there is volunteer cilantro EVERYWHERE. This is great, because I've heard that it is in great demand at the Farmer's Market.
Volunteer Cilantro
Basil: I also planted a few basil seeds this Spring. They are coming along very slowly. I'm starting more basil seeds right now (as basil is also a high-demand farmer's market herb). Next year I'll start my herb seeds a whole lot earlier.
Next I'll be planting corn, squashes and melons.
Now get out there and get YOUR hands dirty!
-Bethany
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Foraging Plantain
5/21/2015
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Plantain is a fantastic introductory herb for new herbalists. It is easy to find and easy to use. It grows pretty much everywhere. Even someone in a city lot can probably find plantain. It grows in dry and disturbed soil; commonly along the edge of driveways and garages. Plantain has wide ribbed, stemless leaves that grow low to the ground. In the summer each plant sends up a flower spike with small greenish/drab brown flowers, which later turn into seeds.
Edible
Leaves of this plant have also been called "Poor Man's Spinach." They can be steamed like spinach (or eaten raw, if the plant is young enough) or also made into tea. The leaves are rich in vitamins A and C, as well as many minerals. The seeds are very high in B vitamins.
Medicinal
Plantain is a soothing herb and is good first-aid for minor cuts, bruises, bites and bee stings. Just find a leaf, chew it up, and slather all over the irritated part! It sounds gross, but plantain is so easy to find that you almost always have some nearby.
The Experts Say...
(Note: affiliate links below)
Field Guide to Wild Edible Plants: Older plants are best appreciated with a cream sauce, after the plant has been pureed and pushed through a sieve to remove the stringy parts.
The Herbal Drugstore: useful in treating bronchitis, burns, colds and flu, hemorrhoids, poison ivy, oak & sumac, sore throat and sunburn.
The Herbal Home Remedy Book: when seeds are eaten with the husks on, they work as a safe and gentle laxative.
Tom Brown's Field Guide to Wilderness Survival tells us that plantain can be used as a toothpaste/poultice and insect repellent (take 1 or 2 seed pods daily). The seeds can also be ground and cooked up like cereal.
Now go have fun and chew up some plantain! At least it gives you something to do when you're stuck way out in left field.
-Bethany
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How to Start a Berry Patch
5/20/2015
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Most of the money I save gardening is because I grow my own fruit. Strawberries and raspberries are some of the easiest, most prolific plants to grow. And the best part is, they send out "suckers", or brand-new baby plants every year. By planting these babies, you can save money on plants, and grow even MORE fruit. The Rhubarb Man at our farmer's market uses propagation to keep expanding his patch for free, and every year he can sell more rhubarb with no cost to him besides his time and effort.
If you know someone who has a raspberry or strawberry patch, you can always ask to transplant some of their invading "babies". If you don't know any gardeners, berries are still cheaper to grow than fruit trees. I paid $4 for 25 strawberry plants last year, and I believe around $10 to start a raspberry patch at my parents' house.
1. Raspberries: Raspberry canes will bend over to the ground and actually take root. To transplant, cut the cane connecting the "mother plant" with the "baby plant". Dig up the baby plant to grow in a different spot. Raspberries also tend to crowd each other for room. They can benefit from a good pruning in the fall or spring, to chop off any dead parts and create space for younger, better-producing canes.
2. Strawberries: Strawberry plants essentially do the same thing as raspberries. They will grow long, leggy "shoots" that look like naked branches with a patch of leaves on the end. This patch of leaves will grow roots and grow into another plant. Cut the shoot halfway between the mother and baby, and dig up the baby plant. Replant in a different area. Strawberries, like irises, need to be thinned out every once in a while. The plants propagate themselves and start to crowd each other. After three years, strawberries don't produce as much as they did before. However, you can start a new row of strawberries with "babies" from the old row, and soon enough you'll have a good producing strawberry patch again.
Why Not Start Today?
To me, growing strawberries and raspberries is a no-brainer. Berries are extremely healthy to eat. Unlike rhubarb, they can be eaten without added sweetener, but like rhubarb they are VERY easy to grow and it is almost difficult to kill them off once they've been established. You can save hundreds of dollars per year by starting a $30 fruit patch that will grow and re-establish itself (with some help!) for free every year. I was able to get 25 strawberry plants for $4, and transplant some of my old raspberry patch from my parents' house.
You don't have to stop at strawberries and raspberries. Last year I was able to grow and/or forage: strawberries, rhubarb, red & black raspberries, mulberries, apples, and pears. With these fruits I was able to make: frozen berries, jam, jelly, syrup, canned pears, applesauce, dried apples, apple cider, wine and vinegar. The only fruits I actually bought last year were some bananas and pineapples on sale, and the odd lemon or orange for a recipe.
Start YOUR very own fruit garden with strawberry and raspberry transplants today!
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Farmer's Market: Week 3
5/19/2015
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Well, once again it was...
Read my book, One Season at the Farmers Market, to see how this week went!
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Herbal Economics
5/13/2015
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There are really two ways to do herbs. One is the buy-it-prepared way, the other is the DIY way. Today I'll present the cost and benefit of both ways.
Buying Prepared Herbs
Costs: Many people don't actually grow their own herbs, but buy them from places like Mountain Rose Herbs and the Bulk Herb Store. Here are some sample prices from MRH:
Average price for dry herbs: $3-5 with some exceptions
Average price for tinctures: $9-10
Average price for herbal oils: $7-20
Average price for salves: $6 with some exceptions
Average price for syrups & tonics: $15
If you bought 5 bags of dry herbs at $4, five tinctures at $9, two oils at $13, one salve at $6 and one syrup at $15, your total cost would come to $112 for a basic herbal medicine cabinet. Note that I said basic... once you start using herbs you will probably want to buy more and will find more uses for them.
So there is your initial cost for buying herbs- I would say $100-$150. This will be a continuing cost if you actually use the herbs and need to replenish your stock each year.
Benefits: There are several obvious benefits to buying herbs prepared. You get to use an all-natural healing method without doing all the research (just buy a "tummy blend" or "cough-away" tincture/tea). You don't have to spend time harvesting and drying the herbs. The biggest benefit is the time you save.
DIY Herbalism
I prefer to harvest and prepare my own herbs. This takes an initial investment of time to learn how to identify each herb in the wild. You'll also need to know the medicinal properties of each herb and how to prepare it (drying, tincture, etc.). Unfortunately you'll be limited to herbs that grow in your area, but you can always buy herbs online (see above) if you find an un-growable one that you want to use.
Costs: In order to make your own tinctures and other preparations, you'll need some supplies. Here are the basics:
Vodka: $1.45 per 4 oz. tincture
Oil: $0.44 - $1.32 per cup (varies greatly between vegetable oil, coconut oil, etc.)
Beeswax: $5-10
Amber bottles: $1-$2 per tincture bottle
For our purposes, the herbs we are using will be free. Believe me, there are a ton of free herbs to choose from! I know I can find the following herbs at and around my home (prices from RMH are included for your amusement):
Black Walnut leaves, dried (4 oz.): $3.00
Burdock root (4 oz.): $4.50
Catnip: $4.50
Chickweed $3.25
Chickory Root, roasted: $2.75
Dandelion leaf: $5.50
Elderberries: $4.50
Goldenrod: $3.00
Juniper berries: $3.25
Motherwort: $4.25
Mullein flowers: $13.50
Nettle leaf: $4.25
Peppermint leaf: $4.00
Plantain leaf: $3.00
Raspberry leaf: $3.50
Red Clover blossoms: $11.00
Red Root: $4.50
Rose hips: $3.50
Slippery Elm Bark: $11.00
Spearmint leaf: $4.25
St. John's Wort: $3.00
Strawberry leaf: $3.75
Teasel root: $12.50
Wild Cherry bark: $4.00
Yarrow: $3.50
Costs: Using free herbs (worth $127.75!) and a bare minimum of supplies, you can create your own herbal products at the following costs.
Dry Herbs: FREE!
Tincture: amber bottle ($2) + vodka ($1.45) = $3.45
Salve: oil ($0.50) + beeswax ($0.75) = $1.25
Herbal Oil: oil ($1.00) = $0.50
Syrup: honey ($2) = $2
If you "bought" 5 bags of dry herbs at $0, five tinctures at $3.45, two oils at $0.50, one salve at $1.25 and one syrup at $2, your total cost would come to $21.50 for a basic herbal medicine cabinet. Once you get a good supply of amber bottles, your cost to replenish this basic medicine cabinet each year drops to $11.50. As I mentioned before, as time goes on, your interest will grow and you will want more herbs. The good news is that if you forage herbs instead of buy them, an expanded medicine cabinet won't cost you much.
Benefits: There is an estimated yearly savings here of at least $100. As your skill in identifying and using herbs grows, the variety of medicines will grow. You may be able to sell some of your herbs. There is plenty of free information on the internet to help you identify and prepare herbs. Most of my herb books were picked up at garage sales for under $1. If you homeschool, or even if you don't, you'll have the opportunity to teach your kids about different plants and make it part of their schooling.
The Bottom Line:
Buying herbs for a family can get expensive. I listed a bare minimum cost for the herb "buyer", but I know the reality is that a family using herbs regularly will spend a lot more than $150. Natural healing has become a great big marketing funnel that sucks you in. First you spend a couple dollars on dry herbs for tea, then you buy the tinctures, tonics, salves, essential oils, cleanses, supplements, and the list goes on and on. Before you know it, you're spending WAY more money on home health care than you care to admit. You think you're doing something great for your body, and justify that you're "saving money in the long run" on doctor and hospital bills. But there's more to the equation than herbs. I know many people who are sick, fat, or depressed and the biggest herb users on this earth. But then there are people go and go and go into their old age, and NEVER used herbs. While they are helpful and useful, herbs are not the miracle cure.
Most herbal products aren't made with some exotic, expensive ingredient. If your friend has a bottle of "Super-Immune Plus" that she gives her kids and recommends it to you, look at the ingredients. It probably has elderberries, echinacea, or other herbs that you can easily grow or harvest yourself. One of my friends went on an "expensive" 1-2 week cleanse, and I was surprised to see that the first ingredient listed was dandelion root. Just because something is expensive or nicely packaged doesn't make it work any better than a homemade product with the same ingredients. What your friend is paying for is CONVENIENCE. If you have the time and need more exercise anyway, you don't need convenience. You can make your own "Super-Immune Plus" that works just as well for free or cheap.
The last reason I prefer to harvest and prepare my own herbs is that it fits into my holistic health plan. Of course herbal remedies help me feel better when I 'm sick, but they also help me feel good every day because I must go on a walk or bike ride to find them. Exercise and sunshine are things that most of us don't get enough of, and we would do better to go for a mile walk every day than take yet another supplement or miracle cure.
DIY: A Better Option for the Long-Term
In my opinion, foraging and making your own concoctions is a much better plan long term. It fits well into my personal health plan and my goal of becoming a producer instead of just a consumer. In addition to the savings ($100+ per year) you become more aware of different plants and how nature works. You learn about history and how the medicine men and doctors of old practiced. Plus, herbs are all-natural and don't have the same side effects as pharmaceutical drugs (though watch out, because they can be extremely effective!). Harvesting and preparing your own herbs is a great learning opportunity for your kids and a reason to get out and enjoy nature.
Feeling overwhelmed about jumping in head first? I would recommend poking around at the Bulk Herb Store's website, maybe buying some herbs and making some of the recipes you find there. After you feel comfortable with this, start by identifying just one plant from the wild (dandelion is a good place to start!). Then another, and another, and another.
Lately I've been attempting to profile herbs that are in season and ready for you to go out and pick. Many of these herbs grow across the US, and especially in the North Eastern US. You are welcome to follow along or join in on the fun! If you learn one herb per week, by summer's end you will have a whole stockpile of herbs. :)
Happy picking!
-Bethany
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Making and Using Eggshell Powder
5/12/2015
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We go through a lot of eggs. I'll eat 2-3 every morning, and sometimes Hubs joins me. This makes for a lot of eggshells. There are a couple of things you can do with eggshells. One of them is to make a calcium supplement for peppers and tomatoes; eggshell powder.
To make the eggshell powder, start with some dry egg shells. Crush the shells. You can do this with a rolling pin or mortar and pestle, but I prefer to do it with my Vitamix dry container. It's a lot faster and easier.
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He was just accused of chasing another woman days after his wife, Faryal, gave birth in May. But Amir Khan and his stunning bride shrugged off the claims as they indulged in a sunshine break in Florida.
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Amir Khan and his stunning wife, Faryal, indulged
The couple were seen out on a Miami beach on Tuesday afternoon as they spent some quality time together lapping up the glorious sun rays. Amir Khan , 27, showed off his physique in a navy shorts while he completed his beach look with a pair of large sunglasses and a black bag.
Faryal – who gave birth to their first child, Lamysa, in May
Faryal – who gave birth to their first child, Lamysa, in May – highlighted her lithe post-baby body in a white vest top which she teamed with a landscape print midi skirt. She accessorised with a gold necklace while she wore a large peach flower clip in brunette locks to add to her summery look. Sporting a full face of make-up, the young beauty completed her look with gold sandals.
Amir went to cool off in the ocean while Faryal watched on the beach
The pair seemed rather preoccupied with their mobile phones before Amir was seen taking a dip in the ocean. The couple then went back to their luxury room at the Fontainebleau hotel.
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The pair seemed to be without their baby girl, Lamysa, which is an Arabic name meaning ‘soft to the touch’.
Sporting a full face of make-up, the young beauty
Announcing the news, Amir tweeted: ‘Faryal and I are delighted to announce the birth our first child Lamysa Khan everyone doing very well, thank you for all your wishes.’
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A 26-year-old lapdancer recently claimed that the boxer bombarded her with X-rated messages eight days after his child was born. Speaking to the Sunday People, she claimed that he met her five times in a Bolton car park. -dailymail
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Feature: China hand, 104-year-old mother show love for China with COVID-19 relief - Xinhua | English.news.cn
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Feature: China hand, 104-year-old mother show love for China with COVID-19 relief
Source: Xinhua| 2020-04-09 21:14:13|Editor: huaxia
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by Xinhua writers Zhang Yisheng, Tamara Treichel
BEIJING, April 9 (Xinhua) -- Michael Crook remembers the thrill of stepping on the wooden planks of the Yangtze River bridge under construction in the central Chinese city of Wuhan in the summer of 1957 as a six-year-old.
"We were allowed to walk right onto the bridge, stepping on wooden planks. I looked down through gaps between the planks to see the torrent hundreds of feet below -- for one like me, who has always liked heights, enjoy bungee jumping, it was so thrilling!" Crook told Xinhua in a recent email interview. Subsequent visits to Wuhan followed during Crook's youth, which he remembered as "very calm, beautiful moments" in the turbulent 1960's and 1970's.
Growing up in China, the British-Canadian China hand, who is bilingual in English and Chinese, has the unique distinction of having lived in China for decades and witnessing the many profound changes the country has undergone. An unprecedented event for him and his family was the COVID-19 epidemic in China, which would eventually become a pandemic.
Like others in China, Crook and his centenarian mother Isabel had to engage in what is known as "social distancing" because of the epidemic. For Crook himself, that meant a greatly reduced social life, no more skiing and no more visits to swimming pools, although he tried swimming in the cold water of Beijing's canals.
"Mum, being retired, has been affected less. But her social life has been much reduced -- no friends over for dinner, no visits to homes of friends," Crook said about his mother Isabel, who until recently has still maintained an active social life and attended various events.
Crook helped found the Western Academy of Beijing, an international school, in 1994 and has been involved with the International Committee for the Promotion of Chinese Industrial Cooperatives (Gung Ho-ICCIC), whose mission is to bring benefits and opportunities to communities in need, for about 30 years.
After hearing of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan that would eventually claim thousands of lives, Crook, who now lives in Beijing, became living proof of kindness in a time of crisis.
He did not hesitate to make some donations to the virus-hit city of Wuhan through two not-for-profit institutions.
"I have made some donations -- money and masks -- to a hospital in Chengdu, and also to people in Wuhan, through the Jingxi Education Research Institute and the Rural Women Practical Skills Training School," Crook said.
Crook added that through the ICCIC, they have made much greater donations to hospitals in the Chinese cities of Chengdu, Shanghai and Datong.
But the relief efforts he was involved in also extended to Europe as COVID-19 rages in the West. "ICCIC being an international organization, we have also made donations of masks to friends in Europe (Germany, UK) and are working on donations to Belgium, Italy and Spain," Crook said.
Sending over donations to Europe was not easy logistics-wise, Crook admitted, as the equipment needed to be certified to the European standards and overcoming customs barriers could prove difficult.
His mother Isabel, a China-born Canadian anthropologist and author, is 104 years old and has lived in China for decades. She was one of the first foreign teachers at what today is known as the Beijing Foreign Studies University, China's top university for foreign studies, and was awarded the Friendship Award, China's highest award for foreigners who have made economic or social contributions to the country, in 2019. A documentary titled "Isabel Crook: Childhood Memories from Bailuding" was made to celebrate Isabel's long life in and contributions to China.
Next to supporting her son's COVID-19 relief efforts for the ICCIC, Isabel also made donations to Chengdu Second People's Hospital in southwest China's Sichuan province, across the street from where Isabel and her parents lived when she was growing up.
What's more, mother and son recorded a video message together to express their support for Wuhan and China during the epidemic.
Crook said the relief efforts "amount to a drop in the oceans. It's the thought that counts."
The Crook family's strong bonds with China go back a long way. "Counting my great-grandma Cecelie Sophie Allemand, who taught French in Chengdu about 100 years ago, I am fourth generation in China," Crook said.
"My missionary forebears came to China because (they) were imbued with the spirit of service. Both parents were very public-spirited," he added.
"I think there are factors that have contributed to China's great success in dealing with the epidemic," Crook said. "One is China's traditional emphasis on collective good, subordinating individual to the collective, stressing cooperation more than competition."
Crook's observations are borne out by what occurred shortly after Wuhan was locked down. On Jan. 27, four days after Wuhan was sealed off, local residents leaned on windows in a spontaneous show of solidarity. They sang patriotic songs and chanted "Wuhan, fight; China, fight" from the balconies, and the sounds rippled across the rooftops.
In the thick of the battle against the disease, Chinese deliverymen at risk of being infected kept supplying Wuhan's residents with essential supplies as they were confined to their homes.
Images went viral on China's social media platforms, with one showing a taxi driver's having hung a plastic sheet inside his car to cocoon himself from passengers, a responsible gesture symbolizing good hygiene and social responsibility.
"So (Chinese) people naturally are mindful of others, rather than always fighting for their individual rights and interests," Crook believed.
In terms of the Chinese government's efforts against the virus, Crook praised China's current system as the government can mobilize resources "in the public interest."
As the outbreak appears to be winding down in China, Wuhan has been bracing for a revival of activity. The transport hub reopened its subway and railway station on March 28, following more than two months of suspension due to the pandemic, and the lockdown on Wuhan was lifted on Wednesday. Now the focus is shifting to other COVID-19 hotspots abroad.
"Not only has China done a pretty good job for itself, it has given generous help to other countries," Crook said. "China's work on curbing the spread of COVID-19 is not just at home, but made an impact around the world!"
On March 31, China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson Hua Chunying said at a press conference that the Chinese government has provided 120 countries and four international organizations with surgical masks, N95 respirators, protective suits, nucleic acid test kits, ventilators and other supplies.
"There is much other countries can learn from China," Crook said, "but of course they may need to adapt measures to their particular situations."
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FAQ. Those who are looking for an answer to the question «After biometric how long to get interview i 485 form?» often ask the following questions
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22 Related questions
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Those who are looking for an answer to the question «After biometric how long to get interview i 485 form?» often ask the following questions:
❓ After biometric how long take the interview for naturalization form?
After you complete your biometrics appointment, USCIS will send you another appointment notice. This notice is an invitation to your naturalization interview and exam. It will include the date, time, and location of your interview. You should receive this notice 4-8 months after you file your N-400.
How long to get n400 biometric interview form?
What happens after biometric appointment i 90 interview form?
How long after biometrics uscis interview k1 form?
❓ How long after a biometric screening they call for interview form?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
How long for interview after biometrics n400 form?
How long interview after biometrics n400 ny form?
After biometric how long for interview/approval?
❓ How long interview after biometrics n400 form?
According to USCIS records, your application is still pending processing of your fingerprints. Due to COVID 19, biometrics (fingerprint) appointments are pending. At this time, we anticipate you should receive a decision or other notice from USCIS within 60-90 days of this notice. We apologize for any inconvenience caused by delays in processing.
After biometric how long to get interview?
Biometric how long after green card interview?
How long after biometric appointment to interview?
10 other answers
Answered by Eleanora Crona on Fri, Jul 16, 2021 5:26 PM
Average processing time from time of filing until interiew is 90 days to 4 months. I would base it from time of filing, rather than date of biometrics. If your application is based on marriage to a USC, there will most definitely be an interview. Leonard J. D’Arrigo | Whiteman Osterman & Hanna LLP Associate
Answered by Mayra Brakus on Fri, Jul 16, 2021 7:23 PM
You can expect the total I-485 processing time to be at least 8 to 14 months. It may take two or three weeks for USCIS to accept your application and send you a confirmation receipt. You then will receive notice of your biometrics appointment, which you must attend.
Answered by Leanna Stehr on Fri, Jul 16, 2021 9:07 PM
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Answered by Luciano O'Connell on Fri, Jul 16, 2021 9:45 PM
After filing Form I-485, Application to Adjust Status, and related forms, your I-485 processing time can take anywhere from 8 to 14 months. The basis of your adjustment of status (e.g. family, employment, asylum, etc.) will be a significant factor. This is an approximation. It may be shorter for some and longer for others.
Answered by Taylor Walter on Sat, Jul 17, 2021 12:21 AM
Receive Interview Appointment Notice (Approximately 4-10 months after filing) The beneficiary and the petitioner will receive an appointment notice for the adjustment of status interview. Remember, not all I-485 applicants will be required to appear for an interview. Interview will be waived for some applicants.
Answered by Rogelio Quigley on Sat, Jul 17, 2021 8:34 AM
Initial responses to this check generally take about two weeks. In about 80 percent of the cases, no match is found. Of the remaining 20 percent, most are resolved within six months. Less than one percent of cases subject to an FBI name check remain pending longer than six months.
Answered by Icie Lang on Sat, Jul 17, 2021 9:16 AM
Once your priority date is current, you can file for an Adjustment of Status by submitting an I-485 form. The I-485 is the last stage along the employment-based green card timeline, but in most cases, it has the longest waiting period. While actually processing the form takes an average of six months, there is an annual limit to the number of green cards available to each country.
Answered by Celia Prohaska on Sat, Jul 17, 2021 5:03 PM
My oath ceremony took place two hours after my interview and my naturalization certificate had my new name on it. Here’s my timeline: San Antonio field office. July 27, 2021 Certificate Of Naturalization Was Issued July 27, 2021 We scheduled you for an oath ceremony for your Form N-400, Application for Naturalization.
Answered by Juston Zulauf on Sun, Jul 18, 2021 1:43 AM
The process is fairly quick, with most applicants in and out in about a half hour. After completing the biometrics appointment, there are 5 additional steps in the green card application process: Receive your EAD and/or advance parole travel document; Respond to any Requests for Evidence; Complete the green card interview; Receive a Notice of Decision
Answered by Sierra Shields on Sun, Jul 18, 2021 3:44 AM
The civil surgeon signs the Form I-693, and the applicant submits Form I-693, after the applicant files the benefit application with USCIS; and USCIS issues a decision on the underlying benefit application no more than 2 years after the date of the civil surgeon’s signature.
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We've handpicked 22 related questions for you, similar to «After biometric how long to get interview i 485 form?» so you can surely find the answer!
How long get ead after biometric interview?
Generally the biometric appointment happens quite quickly after the initial application (3-4months) is lodged but due to COVID and the face to face requirement, I’m assuming that is where the delay is for the biometric appointment. But I am hoping this doesn’t delay the actual production of the EAD and Travel Document.
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How long after biometric validity letter form?
Biometrics were submitted on the same day. Today after 50 days they both received email from Abu Dhabi visa office re: "validity of biometric info". However no info on visa decision. Does anyone know how much longer do we have to wait to get a decision? Already exceeded the average processing time for Pakistan(38 days) and UAE (28 days).
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What is a biometric interview form?
Your appointment notice (Form I-797C, Notice of Action) will include the date, time, and location for your ASC appointment. The biometrics you provide during your ASC appointment allow us to confirm your identity and run required background and security checks.
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How long after biometrics appointment before interview citizenship form?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long after biometrics to get interview naturalization form?
Once it is finished with Biometrics (USCIS) then it will go to the NVC for 30 days. After those 30 days it will be sent to the Embassy/Consulate. After that the beneficiary will receive information on what to do next. This process, depending on available interview dates, can take a 3–6 months.
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After biometric how long is waiting for interview?
immigration uscis biometrics appointment letter uscis biometrics appointment letter
If you are talking about her adjustment of status interview, you should be scheduled within 4 months after the biometrics in the usual case. Please note that this posting does not constitute legal advice or create any attorney-client relationship with the inquirer.
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After biometric how long to get interview i485?
I'm going through I485 EB2. I485 was filed mid August 2020 and I got my biometric done in early February 2021. I havent heard back since then and was wondering how long it's been taking for others to hear back.
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After biometric how long to get interview papers?
You will be sent a letter asking you to come in for your Biometrics appointment at the nearest USCIS center, the letter will come , typically 3 weeks after you apply for U.S citizenship and mail your application to the office ( located in Texas). ( Your bimoetric appointment will be in a big city nearest to you).
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After biometric how long to get interview results?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long after biometric appointment to interview take?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long after biometric appointment to interview test?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long after biometric appointment to interview will?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
After application uscis how long the biometric form?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
What next after biometric interview?
After completing the biometrics appointment, there are 5 additional steps in the green card application process: Receive your EAD and/or advance parole travel document. Respond to any Requests for Evidence. Complete the green card interview. Receive a Notice of Decision. Receive your green card.
Read more
After biometric how long take the interview for naturalization?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
After biometric how long to get interview for job?
Currently, it’s taking 6–10 months, sometimes longer, after Biometrics to have the Adjustment interview.
Read more
After biometric how long to get interview for unemployment?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
After biometric how long to get interview for visa?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
After biometric how long to get interview for work?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long after biometric appointment to interview can you?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long for interview after biometrics interview?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
Read more
How long to interview after biometrics interview?
Many people expect to receive a response or next steps from the USCIS within a few weeks of their biometrics appointment. Unfortunately, the wait will be much longer than this. Typically, it can take anything between 5 and 10 months before you get a notice for your green card interview, for example.
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0.999376 |
I'm currently working on the simulation of my student club's tracked robot (Markhor) with Gazebo 9.16 and ROS Melodic. I want to be able to send cmd_vel through the network to a ROS control diff_drive controller and make the robot move.
My issue is, when trying to control a robot using libSimpleTrackedVehiclePlugin, it seems like it doesn't communicate between the ROS controller and the track. This results in the robot not moving.
Also when I'm using the libKeysToCmdVelPlugin the robot moves but I don't want to control it through Gazebo.
I tried to isolate the issue and tested Clearpath's Husky repository which is using the same type of ROS control controller and it worked. Then I tried replacing the tracks on my robot with the wheels used on the husky and it worked.
So now I'm trying to figure out why our robot with the libSimpleTrackedVehiclePlugin is not moving. Since the same ROS control setup works with the husky wheel, I suspect that it might be something with the libSimpleTrackedVehiclePlugin.
How to replicate the issue
Download & packages installation
The repository needs to be inside a workspace. So you might want to create a repository and a src folder:
mkdir -p markhor_ws/src
cd markhor_ws/src
The repository of our robot can be found here: https://github.com/clubcapra/markhor/...
You just need to download it and place it inside the src folder we just created. Also, the code for this feature is inside the branch diff_drive.
git clone https://github.com/clubcapra/markhor.git
cd markhor
git checkout diff_drive
Once this is done, you can download the dependencies with this command inside the markhor_ws folder:
cd ../..
rosdep install --from-paths src --ignore-src -r -y
Once all the downloads are done, we compile the project, by simply running the catkin_make command inside the markhor_ws folder.
Now we should be good to test for the issue.
Markhor robot with the husky wheels
First, inside a terminal we need to source the projet source devel/setup.bash Then we want to launch the simulation (make sure it is sourced with the project setup script):
roslaunch markhor_gazebo test_world_husky.launch
Then in a second terminal, we need to launch a cmd_vel node publisher:
rosrun teleop_twist_keyboard teleop_twist_keyboard.py cmd_vel:=/markhor/diff_drive_controller/cmd_vel Now if you try to use this terminal to move the robot with your keyboard it should move relatively slowly.
Also, everything inside the repository, that has the suffix "_husky" means that it was adapted to use the husky wheels for the simulation.
Markhor robot with the libSimpleTrackedVehiclePlugin tracks
Same thing as for the Markhor robot with the husky wheels, but we only change the launch file name. If you didn't try the simulation with the husky wheels you might need to source the workspace here.
roslaunch markhor_gazebo test_world.launch
Then in a second terminal, we need to launch a cmd_vel ... (more)
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0.999377 |
In wake of Apple's victory in its patent suit against Samsung in San Jose's federal court, the Android community may be facing darker days. Apple now wields an arsenal of proven arguments which it can use against Android competitors in and out of court on the industrial design of its iPhone and the user interface of both the iPhone and iPad.
In terms of market share, Android handsets currently have a significant lead over the iPhone, thanks to the success of HTC, Motorola, Samsung and others. Some experts also believe that Android-based tablets from Amazon, Google, Samsung and others have the potential to leave the iPad in the dust.
However, the court decision has the potential to change the current market landscape.
Judge and Jury backs Apple's case
The San Jose jury decided most of the Samsung smartphones in the case infringe three design patents on the iPhone's industrial design and app screen (D 593,087; D 618, 677 and D 604,305). It also said most of the accused Samsung smartphones and some of its tablets infringe three Apple utility patents (US 7,469,381; US 7,864,163 and US 7,844,915) on the look-and-feel of the software on both the iPhone and iPad.
In addition, the jury said those patents were valid despite Samsung's attacks using world-class experts showing multiple examples of what it claimed were prior art. The jury also upheld Apple's claims Samsung handsets violated its registered and unregistered trade dress on the original and 3GS iPhones.
The San Jose jury weakened just one small but significant part of Apple's case. It said Samsung did not infringe Apple's design patent on the iPad (D 504,889), suggesting that patent was valid but relatively weak. It also said Apple did not prove its unregistered trade dress on the iPad was protectable.
The net result is Apple now has three proven user interface patents that can attack any Android smartphone or tablet in court or in private negotiations and three strong design patents useful against any iPhone look alike.
"This is a boost for Apple's patent enforcement efforts against Android worldwide," said Florian Mueller, an expert following the mobile patent wars.
"The rest of the Android ecosystem has just as much of a reason to be concerned about this as Samsung," Mueller said. "The immediate impact will be limited to Samsung, but Apple has proven its ability to enforce not only its design patents but also its multitouch software patents in federal court," he said.
"The verdict also lends credibility to Steve Jobs's characterization of Android as a 'stolen product,'" he added.
The San Jose decision also is likely to embolden Tim Cook to continue Jobs' vow to "go thermonuclear" in a patent war against Android backers.
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It does not sound like receiver Larry Fitzgerald has made up his mind about what this year will bring. But it seems like he’s thinking about all of his available options, inside and out of football.
The Arizona Cardinals free agent on Tuesday admitted he’s considered going into television or pursuing more business endeavors if he decides to retire from the NFL.
“I mean, I’ve thought about it. Getting into ownership of a football team or even in TV, it takes a real strong commitment — something I’ve been looking into over the past few months if I do indeed decide to hang ’em up this offseason,” Fitzgerald said Tuesday while visiting the The Fred Couples Show on SiriusXM PGA Tour Radio.
“I look at every option, and when they present themselves I kind of weigh on the importance and talk it over with family, and that’s kind of how I make decisions moving forward.”
On the other end of the spectrum of options for the 37-year-old is returning to the NFL for his 18th season.
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To reach the conclusion that keeping his playing career alive is the right move, Fitzgerald said on Tuesday that the choice comes down to this:
“That I have a desire to continue to play and chase greatness,” he said. “The only reason you play is to win a championship, and that would be the only reason I would be participating.”
Fitzgerald recorded 54 catches for 409 yards and a touchdown for the 8-8 Cardinals in 2020, all of which were career lows.
The Cardinals could still have mutual interest if they want the Arizona legend and future hall of famer to complete his career in the desert.
Then again, Arizona is in a relatively tight spot with many free agents potentially departing. The team has the largest numbers of snaps from the 2020 season taken by players who enter free agency this offseason, according to OverTheCap.com’s Jason Fitzgerald.
The Cardinals at least have difference-makers locked in at quarterback, receiver, edge rusher and linebacker. It might come down to whether Arizona would again offer Fitzgerald a one-year deal in the eight-figure range.
Fitzgerald expressed confidence in the roster that the Cardinals have assembled around quarterback Kyler Murray.
“We got a really solid nucleus,” Fitzgerald said. “Very young. Got some dynamic playmakers on both the offensive and defensive side of the ball.
“The future is very bright here in Arizona when you have a quarterback who can compete and do the things that our young quarterback can do. It makes it very good in terms of just playing into the playoffs and being able to have a chance.”
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0.988188 |
Filter transformation is similar to Data Quality Rules. However, unlike data quality rules, which return an error or warning when the rule condition failed while still passing the record downstream, the Filter transformation will completely filter out any such records. The filtered records, as well as their status will not accessible to any downstream object on the dataflow, including any type of log.
Steps to Use the Filter Transformation in Centerprise
To add a Filter transformation, drag the Filter object from the Transformations group in the toolbox and drop it on the dataflow.
An example of what a Filter object might look like is shown below.
To configure the properties of a Filter object after it is added to the dataflow, right-click on it and select Properties from the context menu. The following properties are available:
Layout Builder screen:
The Layout Builder screen allows you to add or remove fields in the field layout, as well as select their data type.
Note: To quickly add fields to the layout, drag and drop the node Output port of the object whose layout you wish to replicate into the node Input port of the Filter object. The fields added this way show in the list of fields inside the node and as well as in the Layout Builder.
Filter Transformation Properties screen:
Filter Transformation Properties screen provides the interface to create your filter rule.
In the Expression input, enter the expression making the filter rule. For example, LTV > 60 and LTV <= 80.
You can select from the list of available functions arranged by Category (left-hand pane), and you may also double-click on an object in the Object tree (right-hand pane) to paste the selected object into the expression.
Click Compile to check for any syntax errors in your rule. The Status should read “Successful" for a successful compilation.
Your filter expression is complete.
General Options screen:
This screen shares the options common to most objects on the dataflow.
Clear Incoming Record Messages
When this option is on, any messages coming in from objects preceding the current object will be cleared. This is useful when you need to capture record messages in the log generated by the current object and filter out any record messages generated earlier in the dataflow.
Do Not Process Records with Errors
When this option is on, records with errors will not be output by the object. When this option is off, records with errors will be output by the object, and a record message will be attached to the record. This record message can then feed into downstream objects on the dataflow, for example a destination file that will capture record messages, or a log that will capture the messages and as well as collect their statistics.
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Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar speaks during a news conference on Operation Warp Speed and COVID-19 vaccine distribution, Tuesday, Jan. 12, 2021, in Washington. (AP Photo/Patrick Semansky, Pool)
OAN Newsroom
UPDATED 7:59 AM PT – Friday, January 15, 2021
Health and Human Services (HHS) Secretary Alex Azar recently slammed China for its failure to cooperate globally during the coronavirus pandemic. During a virtual session with the Heritage Foundation on Thursday, he said China’s slow response in alerting the U.S. wasted valuable time back in January 2020.
“As anyone involved in emergency response knows, the early actions you take are crucial…they help lay the groundwork for the months that follow,” Azar explained. “You have to make decisions based on the information you have at the time, and that information was severely limited by the fact that this virus emerged in China and that it was a novel pathogen.”
Azar’s Full Remarks to the Heritage Foundation on the U.S. COVID-19 Response
The HHS secretary cited reports suggesting China was aware of COVID-19 as early as November, but it was the people of Taiwan that officially alerted the U.S.
“We had been denied the chance to learn about the virus by the country where it originated…being able to investigate the virus in January would have helped the United States and the world develop a science and data response,” he explained. “Instead, we were flying blind with human-to-human transmission of the virus not officially confirmed until January 20.”
Nevertheless, Azar said U.S. officials are still making attempts to work with Chinese health officials.
RELATED: WHO officials arrive in Wuhan to begin investigation
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HubSpot recently wrapped up Inbound 2021. They focused on their "Crafted CRM vs. Cobbled CRM" approach: more customizable, more connected, and more customer-centric. It was clear that Hubspot's target sights are trained on Salesforce - their strategy is to directly compete with the CRM market leader on bigger, enterprise-ier accounts.
In case you missed their product spotlight, I've summarized below the 3-day event to help you stay up to date. If you have any questions, just hit reply. Enjoy!
Our 3 Main Takeaways from HubSpot Inbound 2021
For marketers, our biggest takeaway is the ability to differentiate and manage different brands through one portal, while building even more complex reports. This is thanks to data sets, calculations, and improved associations. HubSpot is becoming more customizable and expandable.
For salespeople,, our biggest takeaway is that HubSpot Payments will help create a streamlined quote-to-cash process thanks to payment links, recurring payments, native quotes, and payment integrations. In addition, thanks to improvements in reporting and deal split salespeople will be able to better cooperate and get credit for deals while giving sales managers a better understanding of how their team is performing.
For service people, our biggest takeaway is that their customer portals will help your customers get the help and information they need when they need it. It will minimize repetitive tasks for support reps, while increasing trust between you and your customers. In addition, custom surveys open the door to a whole world of possibilities - unlimited questions, diverse question types, and easy sharing.
These product enhancements and others announced, make it clear that Hubspot is eyeing large organizations and enterprises, by equipping admins and ops teams with more tools to scale deployments internally, such as the new Permission Sets capabilities and much-anticipated Sandbox environments.
On the roadmap are further product enhancements to customer journey analytics and AI-powered recommendations that will be customizable and dynamic and will work across audiences and content.
The main strengths of the platform continue to be capitalized on: overall usability, marketing execution, and the deep geographical footprint in its partner ecosystem.
What's New at HubSpot?
Business Units
*Available in Marketing Hub Enterprise
Managing your family of brands is now easier than ever. This add-on gives you the ability to create multiple brands in a shared HubSpot portal across multiple tools.
Click here to check out HubSpot's Business Units tool.
Sandbox
*Available in Enterprise
As businesses scale, making changes becomes riskier, but also harder to isolate and understand downstream impacts. With HubSpot's Sandbox tool, you can safely experiment without permanently changing data.
Learn about HubSpot's Sandbox tool.
Operations Hub Enterprise
*Will likely be available beginning November 1, 2021
The tool that connects and cleans customer data, but also streamlines business processes will now be available in an Enterprise version with added business intelligence features, such as data sets and calculations.
Click here to see how HubSpot's Operations Hub can help you achieve more.
HubSpot Payments (open beta)
Natively process payments within HubSpot with four primary features: payment links, recurring payments, native quotes, and payments integration.
*HubSpot Payments is available to companies located in the United States who have been a customer for 6 months or more and have a paid subscription to any Hub.
Learn how HubSpot Payments enable a better buying experience for customers.
Customer Portals
*Available in Service Hub Professional and Enterprise
A web page behind a login where customers access and reply to support tickets. It allows customers to log into (and out of) a web experience directly or through a third-party authorization system and allows logged-in customers to create new support issues and take action on open issues.
Find out about HubSpot's Customer Portals feature.
What else is new at HubSpot?
Permission Sets: a set of default roles to help admins create users with predetermined permissions, such as "Marketing Manager", "Sales Reps". *Available from free to enterprise clients, with changes between hub types.
Association Improvements (in beta): increase the number of associations, but also be able to label associations, such as labeling a contact "Advisor" or "Decision Maker". *Available from free to enterprise clients, with changes between hub types.
Custom Behavioral Events: improvements to HubSpot's Behavioral Events API, such as populating properties with values directly through an event and seeing unique visitors, not just completions. *Available in Marketing Hub Enterprise.
Deal Splits: a new feature that lets salespeople share credit for a deal between up to 5 users. *Available in Sales Hub Enterprise.
Custom Surveys: add unlimited questions, use different question types (star ratings, radio select, text fields) and easily share their survey with an email link. *Available in Service Hub Professional and Enterprise
For more information on the updates and how you can implement them, get in touch with Marketing Envy for all your HubSpot marketing needs.
PS: If you found this helpful, I'd really appreciate it if you can click here to share it on Twitter - besides helping my ego, it's just fun to get notifications 😉
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About the Author
Arie Kelmachter
A data-centric, optimization-seeking B2B marketing operations consultant with a heavy focus on Marketo, Hubspot, and Salesforce. Adept in email marketing, database hygiene, lead nurturing, funnel design, alignment, data normalization, and optimization. Also, I love solving complex problems that people stay away from.
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The CARES Act (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Securities Act) passed in late march was the largest stimulus package passed in modern US history. This complex bill’s allocations can be simplified in the following chart:
While this is certainly a good start, there are many shortcomings to this plan. One of which is the unnecessary excess funding given to big businesses (through backing up a new federal reserve program) that are much more capable of fending for themselves during this time than are small businesses. The strategy here is that the functionality of our economy relies on big businesses, but the reality is that small businesses are at a much higher risk of going bankrupt during this recession, and they too serve an important role in keeping the economy running smoothly. Additionally, the downfall of small businesses is much more likely to hit individuals hard because they are often owned by individual families, who rely on this income to survive. The CARES act also includes tax breaks that could save wealthy real estate investors $170 billion over ten years. Overall, there was not nearly enough allocated to the healthcare sector in order to fight the origin of the recession: the virus. Another major criticism of the CARES act is that the benefits accrued to states and local governments are not nearly enough to effectively tackle the crisis.
A more recent $480 billion stimulus package was passed by the senate, and its aims are geared more towards granting relief to the small business loan fund, as well as directing more funding to hospitals and corona virus testing. Specifically, this bill includes 75 billion in relief for hospitals and 25 billion directed to coronavirus testing. This is a major improvement from the initial CARES act, where only 9% of the 2 trillion dollar bill went to healthcare, but this is still only 20% of the current stimulus plan. Additionally, millions of dollars are continuing to go to large corporations because the loophole of the original bill was not further addressed. State and local governments are also continuing to suffer because their financial needs have been omitted from this subsequent stimulus.
I think the way in which these financial stimulus packages have been allocated are very telling of how our president views this pandemic; he selfishly believes it is most important to keep the economy running rather than directly tackle the issue at hand. Of course, the freezing of the economy calls for financial help that must be directed towards families suffering the most, but there needs to be much more of a focus on tackling the virus itself. If we do not start to focus more of the financial aid towards manufacturing ventilators, paying for the healthcare of COVID patients, adopting a coordinated medical effort against the virus, making testing accessible, and vaccine research (to name a few), we will never dig ourselves out of this deep recession.
This entry was posted in Economics by Hannah Krumholz. Bookmark the permalink.
One Reply to “Where the funding from the most recent stimulus package is ACTUALLY going”
anita banerjee on April 29, 2020 at 10:03 am said:
But , we in Developing countries were always under the impression , that majority of the citizens of US are covered under health insurance, hence they do not have to pay for their illness expenditure……. corruption is rampant all over the world, an aware and informed citizenry has the power to set things right, as and when the need arises I guess…
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(1) Beginning in the fall of 1863 and ending in the winter of 1864, the United States Government forced thousands of Navajos and Mescalero Apaches to relocate from their ancestral lands to Fort Sumner, New Mexico, where the tribal members were held captive, virtually as prisoners of war, for over 4 years.
(2) Thousands of Native Americans died at Fort Sumner from starvation, malnutrition, disease, exposure, or conflicts
between the tribes and United States military personnel. SEC. 3. DESIGNATION FOR STUDY.
Section 5(c) of the National Trails System Act (16 U.S.C. 1244(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
"( ) The Long Walk Trail, a series of routes which the Navajo and Mescalero Apache Indian tribes were forced to walk beginning in the fall of 1863 as a result of their removal by the United States Government from their ancestral lands, generally located within a corridor extending through portions of Canyon de Chelley, Arizona, and Albuquerque, Canyon Blanco, Anton Chico, Canyon Piedra Pintado, and Fort Sumner, New Mexico.”.
Approved August 21, 2002.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY-H.R. 1384:
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 107–222 (Comm. on Resources).
SENATE REPORTS: No. 107–184 (Comm. on Energy and Natural Resources).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
Vol. 147 (2001): Oct. 2, considered and passed House.
Vol. 148 (2002): Aug. 1, considered and passed Senate.
Public Law 107-215
107th Congress
An Act
Aug. 21, 2002 [H.R. 1456]
Booker T.
Washington
National
Monument
Boundary
Adjustment Act
of 2002.
Virginia.
16 USC 45001
note.
16 USC 45011–3.
To expand the boundary of the Booker T. Washington National Monument, and
for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the "Booker T. Washington National
Monument Boundary Adjustment Act of 2002”.
SEC. 2. BOUNDARY OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON NATIONAL MONU-
MENT EXPANDED.
The Act entitled "An Act to provide for the establishment
of the Booker T. Washington National Monument”, approved April
2, 1956 (16 U.S.C. 45011 et seq.), is amended by adding at the
end the following new section:
“SEC. 5. ADDITIONAL LANDS.
"(a) LANDS ADDED TO MONUMENT.-The boundary of the Booker T. Washington National Monument is modified to include the approximately 15 acres, as generally depicted on the map entitled 'Boundary Map, Booker T. Washington National Monument, Franklin County, Virginia', numbered BOWA 404/80,024, and dated February 2001. The map shall be on file and available for inspection in the appropriate offices of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
"(b) ACQUISITION OF ADDITIONAL LANDS.-The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to acquire from willing owners the land or interests in land described in subsection (a) by donation, purchase with donated or appropriated funds, or exchange.
"(c) ADMINISTRATION OF ADDITIONAL LANDS.-Lands added to the Booker T. Washington National Monument by subsection (a) shall be administered by the Secretary of the Interior as part of the monument in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.”.
Approved August 21, 2002.
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY-H.R. 1456:
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 107–223 (Comm. on Resources).
SENATE REPORTS: No. 107–199 (Comm. on Energy and Natural Resources).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
Vol. 147 (2001): Oct. 2, considered and passed House
Vol. 148 (2002): Aug. 1, considered and passed Senate.
Public Law 107-216 107th Congress
An Act To designate the James Peak Wilderness and Protection Area in the Arapaho Aug. 21, 2002 and Roosevelt National Forests in the State of Colorado, and for other purposes. (H.R. 1576)
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
James Peak
Wilderness and SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
Protection Act. This Act may be cited as the “James Peak Wilderness and 16 USC 5391. Protection Area Act”. SEC. 2. WILDERNESS DESIGNATION.
(a) INCLUSION WITH OTHER COLORADO WILDERNESS AREAS.— Section 2(a) of the Colorado Wilderness Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–77; 107 Stat. 756; 16 U.S.C. 1132 note) is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
"(21) Certain lands in the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest which comprise approximately 14,000 acres, as generally depicted on a map entitled 'Proposed James Peak Wilderness”, dated September 2001, and which shall be known as the James Peak Wilderness.”.
(b) ADDITION TO THE INDIAN PEAKS WILDERNESS AREA.—Section 3 of the Indian Peaks Wilderness Area and Arapaho National Recreation Area and the Oregon Islands Wilderness Area Act (Public Law 95–450; 92 Stat. 1095; 16 U.S.C. 1132 note) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsections:
"(c) The approximately 2,232 acres of Federal lands in the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest generally depicted on the map entitled 'Ranch Creek Addition to Indian Peaks Wilderness' dated September 2001, are hereby added to the Indian Peaks Wilderness Area.
"(d) The approximately_963 acres of Federal lands in the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest generally depicted on the map entitled 'Fourth of July Addition to Indian Peaks Wilderness' dated September 2001, are hereby added to the Indian Peaks Wilderness Area.”.
(c) MAPS AND BOUNDARY DESCRIPTIONS.-As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture (hereafter in this Act referred to as the “Secretary") shall file with the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a map and a boundary description of the area designated as wilderness by subsection (a) and of the area added to the Indian Peaks Wilderness Area by subsection (b). The maps and boundary descriptions shall have the same force and effect as if included in the Colorado Wilderness Act of 1993 and the Indian Peaks
16 USC 5391.
Wilderness Area and Arapaho National Recreation Area and the
Oregon Islands Wilderness Area Act, respectively, except that the
Secretary may correct clerical and typographical errors in the maps
and boundary descriptions. The maps and boundary descriptions
shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office
of the Chief of the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture and
in the office of the Forest Supervisor of the Arapaho/Roosevelt
National Forest.
SEC. 3. DESIGNATION OF JAMES PEAK PROTECTION AREA, COLORADO.
(a) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. -
(1) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds the following:
(A) The lands covered by this section include important resources and values, including wildlife habitat, clean water, open space, and opportunities for solitude.
(B) These lands also include areas that are suitable for recreational uses, including use of snowmobiles in times of adequate snow cover as well as use of other motorized and nonmotorized mechanical devices.
(C) These lands should be managed in a way that affords permanent protection to their resources and values while permitting continued recreational uses in appropriate locales and subject to appropriate regulations.
(2) PURPOSE.— The purpose of this section is to provide for management of certain lands in the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest in a manner consistent with the 1997 Revised Land and Resources Management Plan for this forest in order to protect the natural qualities of these areas.
(b) DESIGNATION.—The approximately 16,000 acres of land in the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest generally depicted on the map entitled “Proposed James Peak Protection Area”, dated September 2001, are hereby designated as the James Peak Protection Area (hereafter in this Act referred to as the “Protection Area”).
(c) MAP AND BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION.-As soon as practicable after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall file with the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a map and a boundary description of the Protection Area. The map and boundary description shall have the same force and effect as if included in this Act, except that the Secretary may correct clerical and typographical errors in the map and boundary description. The map and boundary description shall be on file and available for public inspection in the office of the Chief of the Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, and in the office of the Forest Supervisor of the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest. (d) MANAGEMENT.
(1) IN GENERAL.-Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Protection Area shall be managed and administered by the Secretary in the same manner as the management area prescription designations identified for these lands in the 1997 Revision of the Land and Resource Management Plan for the Arapaho/Roosevelt National Forest and the Pawnee National Grasslands. Such management and administration shall be in accordance with the following:
(A) GRAZING.–Nothing in this Act, including the establishment of the Protection Area, shall affect grazing on lands within or outside of the Protection Area.
(B) MINING WITHDRAWAL.–Subject to valid existing rights, all Federal land within the Protection Area and all land and interests in land acquired for the Protection Area by the United States are withdrawn from
(i) all forms of entry, appropriation, or disposal under the public land laws;
(ii) location, entry, and patent under the mining laws; and
(iii) the operation of the mineral leasing, mineral materials, and geothermal leasing laws, and all amend
ments thereto. Nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed to affect discretionary authority of the Secretary under other Federal laws to grant, issue, or renew rights-of-way or other land use authorizations consistent with the other provisions of this Act. (C) MOTORIZED AND MECHANIZED TRAVEL.—
(i) REVIEW AND INVENTORY.—Not later than two Deadline. years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary, in consultation with interested parties, shall complete a review and inventory of all roads and trails in the Protection Area on which use was allowed on September 10, 2001, except those lands managed under the management prescription referred to in subparagraph (F). During the review and inventory, the Secretary may
(I) connect existing roads and trails in the inventoried area to other existing roads and trails in the inventoried area for the purpose of mechanized and other nonmotorized use on any lands within the Protection Area as long as there is no net gain in the total mileage of either roads or trails open for public use within the Protection Area; and
(II) close or remove roads or trails within the Protection Area that the Secretary determines to be undesirable, except those roads or trails managed pursuant to paragraph (2) of this subsection or subsection (e)(3).
(ii) AFTER COMPLETION OF INVENTORY.—After completion of the review and inventory required by clause (i), the Secretary shall ensure that motorized and mechanized travel within the Protection Area shall be permitted only on those roads and trails identified as open to use in the inventory or established pursuant to subparagraph (D).
(D) NEW ROADS AND TRAILS.—No new roads or trails shall be established within the Protection Area except those which the Secretary shall establish as follows:
(i) Roads and trails established to replace roads or trails of the same character and scope which have become nonserviceable through reasons other than neglect.
(ii) Nonpermanent roads as needed for hazardous fuels reduction or other control of fire, insect or disease control projects, or other management purposes.
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Home / Lifestyle / Grand Designs: House of the Year slam 'awful' 1960s water tower
Grand Designs: House of the Year slam 'awful' 1960s water tower
18th November 2021
‘It’s the UGLIEST home I’ve ever seen!’ Grand Designs: House of the Year viewers slam ‘awful’ 1960s sci-fi inspired water tower as the property is shortlisted by RIBA judges
Viewers of Grand Designs: House of the Year declared 1960s-inspired water tower in rural Norfolk ‘ugly’
Many slammed it as ‘awful’ and were baffled as property was shortlisted for house of the year by RIBA judges
Property featured huge timber staircase crafted to act as a corkscrew to keep the building upright
Meanwhile the owners confessed they were inspired by Thunderbirds when creating the unusual property
Grand Designs: House of the Year viewers slammed an ‘awful’ 1960s sci-fi inspired water tower as the ‘ugliest house they’d ever seen’ after the property was shortlisted by the Royal Institute of British Architects judges for the prestigious prize.
In the first programme of the series, which aired last night on Channel 4, Kevin and his co-presenters, architect Damion Burrows, and design expert Michelle Ogundehin, visited five surprising homes battling it out for a place on the shortlist, all of which pushed the boundaries in conventional design.
Each week he’ll exclusively reveal which houses the RIBA judges have put through to the shortlist, and in the final programme announce the winner of this prestigious prize.
On last night’s show, Michelle visited the water tower in rural Norfolk, which the owners said was inspired by 1960s sci-fi and dressed with industrial steel cladding, vertical glass walls and a control tower living room fit for the Thunderbirds.
At the end of the programme, the judges praised the building before shortlisting it for the award, but viewers were less than impressed with the property.
While some declared it was ‘awful’, one commented: ‘The water tower is genuinely the ugliest house I’ve ever seen.’
Grand Designs: House of the Year viewers slammed an ‘awful’ 1960s sci-fi inspired water tower as the ‘ugliest house they’d ever seen’ after the property was shortlisted by the Royal Institute of British Architects judges for the prestigious prize
On last night’s show, Michelle visited the water tower in rural Norfolk, which the owners said was inspired by 1960s sci-fi and dressed with industrial steel cladding, vertical glass walls and a control tower living room fit for the Thunderbirds (the main living space)
Meanwhile the bedrooms, which were stacked on top of each other within the water tower, featured floor to ceiling windows with stunning views
Another commented: ‘Christ that tower is ugly, and inappropriate.’
It was the passion project of Dennis, a photographer, and Misa, a costume designer, who both lived in the tower.
They bought the long-redundant water tower when it was a rusting hulk, and gave it new life.
Dennis said: ‘I’ve never been afraid of taking something apart to repair it. My father was a TV engineer, he was always taking things apart and putting things back together. This was quite a big thing though.’
Dennis and Misa bought the long-redundant water tower when it was a rusting hulk, and gave it new life – at the centre of which was a huge timber staircase
The building doesn’t fall down thanks to the ingenious wooden staircase which acts as an anchor for the house
Misa added: ‘My parents were both artists and actually, we used to go to the dump together as a amoily outing. We would pick up things to repurpose to turn into sculptures.’
On top was a giant roof terrace, while below, on what was the old water tank, was the open plan kitchen and diner.
Below that, were two double en-suite bedrooms, while there was also a set of stairs leading upwards to the living space.
Michelle compared the building to ‘a Bond-lair’, with Dennis confessing: ‘It’s a very very exposed spot. When the wind is up that strong, the rain is usually coming with it and it’s horizontal. You are splashed about and blown about in every direction. You’re really in there.
‘It is exciting. Thunder, lightning, storms. It does wobble about in the wind.’
The building doesn’t fall down thanks to the ingenious wooden staircase which acts as an anchor for the house.
The disused historic Water Tower in Norfolk was purchased by its owners for the equivalent value of scrap metal
Standing tall within a setting of fields of Barley, the entire structure of the Water Tower has been ingeniously engineered to account for the absent weight of water and the additional distribution of new accommodation loads
It was made from 182 blocks made from superstrong timber, layers of wood glued alternatively at right angles. They form a giant corkscrew that helps to pin the tower to the ground.
Dennis said: ‘Each was numbered individually and labelled.’
The roof was praised by the judges, as were the floor-to-ceiling windows in the bedrooms, and the living area in the main tank itself.
The main space featured a concrete polished floor, a wooden kitchen and a 21st century wrap-around window.
Michelle said: ‘There are bits of structure on display everywhere but you’ve somehow made it feel so beautiful…it fits beautifully.’
At night lights within the water tower reveal a bright and comfortable interior, with plenty of space to live
Dennis and his son acted as the main contractors and did the demolition work themselves on the property.
Dennis said: ‘I was physically here quite a lot, we converted a shipping container and I stayed there at the weekends. One day I came out and I looked up and thought, “I’ve really taken on too much. This is too much”.’
For their architect Mike Tonkin, he said: ‘When you begin, you want to understand who the people are, what their desire are. Dennis definitely had a taste for thunderbirds, that was important to him.’
But it was also important to Mike that whatever they did would be embraced by the local people nearby.
He said: ‘A lot of them had climbed it as a kid. Whatever we did had to be interesting. Dennis had an open day and like 1,000 people turned up. They all wanted to see inside.’
However many of those watching were left less than impressed by the build, with one writing: ‘The water tower, oh that’s ridiculous’
Michelle said: ‘When they took on this build, it was quite a gamble….reinventing a local landmark, not knowing how much it would cost…but sometimes, you have to take a risk to see somethings true potential.’
Speaking about the judges decision to shortlist the house, the RIBA explained it had ‘very strong sustainability angle on this’, saying: ‘It’s been approached with delight and humour. Once you’re inside you can see the spiralling staircase.
‘The view from the top is very very powerful.’
However many of those watching were left less than impressed by the build, with one writing: ‘The water tower, oh that’s ridiculous.’
A second commented: ‘Can’t believe they chose a water tower over the gorgeous Harbour House.’
Another added: ‘So the East German guard tower made it to the shortlist.’
The House on the Hill, in the Welsh borders, was half traditional Georgian farmhouse and half space-age monolith with jagged walls and minimalist surfaces
The extension house contains the main living area, and kitchen and dining space. There are also two en-suite bedrooms and an office which opens onto a balcony
A third wrote: ‘If they shortlist the Norfolk tower I’m never watching again.’
Kevin explained: ‘These are buildings that make you sit up and take notice, that jolt you out of the humdrum of every day life.
‘Some jump out at you like brash friends that you had lost contact with many years ago and others just tap you on the shoulder quietly but brewing with eccentricity.
‘Be they mansions, maisonette or beach houses, these are all homes that refresh and invigorate.
The second house to be shortlisted by the judges was the House on the Hill, which was located in the remote Welsh borders.
It was half traditional Georgian farmhouse and half space-age monolith with jagged walls and minimalist surfaces.
Meanwhile, inside it was a temple for light. The old house now features a triple house art gallery, a bedroom and a study.
Meanwhile the extension house contains the main living area, and kitchen and dining space. There are also two en-suite bedrooms and an office which opens onto a balcony.
The design mastermind behind the building was the architect Alison Brooks.
Part of the extension houses an enormous living area, including a lounge which opens out onto a large dining room flooded with light from floor-to-ceiling windows
Architect Alison Brook said she initially had issues getting the planning for the extension through, saying: ‘It was the first time I had a planning application refused’ (pictured)
She said: ‘I always think that when you’re working with historic buildings, it’s much more effective to do something that contrasts it. The farmhouse is serious and imposing and the west wing is much more informal.’
She said she initially had issues getting the planning for the extension through, saying: ‘It was the first time I had a planning application refused.’
But the unusual combination does work,. with the new West Wing offering a quieter and more subservient space, as if it were an angular servant of the farmhouse.
Inside, there was no sense of separation between the new and the old, with living, dining and cooking spaces joined together.
The judges praised the skewed geometry which leads the eye. The project took 10 yeas to complete and was finished in stages, with the grand finale being the pool area which is within a walled garden.
Michelle explained that while architecture like this does not come cheap, House on the Hill exudes excellence. It’s designed with an obsession with geometry and built with commitment to craftsmanship.
Michelle said: ‘There’s lots of things that shouldn’t really work here, but they do. That’s entirely due to the precision and detail of the architecture.’
House-Within-a-House stands out amid Victorian houses on a street that suffered bomb damage during World War II. It was a nondescript building built in the 1960s, but has been transformed by building a ‘skin’ around the existing structure
Meanwhile a ‘home within a home’ in south London was also longlisted by the judges and featured on the programme.
The architect designed a ‘skin’ to be built around an existing two-storey 1960s home constructed in a space left behind by World War Two bomb damage.
In glistening praise of the build, the jury wrote: ‘One can feel the stress of everyday life start to recede the moment one enters the front garden of this charming three-storey, six-bed, detached family home in a conservation area.’
The ‘skin’ brings the building up to contemporary standards by adding an element of insulation, ‘wrapping the retained external walls in a thick warm coat’, according to the jury.
The jury added: ‘The composition of the elevations, having retained a lot of the original opening, is very pleasing, poetic and fluid. Combined with the pale grey colour of the brick cladding, the overall effect is respectful of its context and nicely restrained, communicating in a beautiful whisper.’
It’s home to Michelle and Dan, who wanted a home for them and their children from previous relationships.
Michelle said: ‘We met in 2011, I had one boy and Dan had three boys, and then we had a boy together so we ended up with five boys. We moved into a rental property and then we started making plans for our own space.’
Dan said: ‘We wanted lots of space which was communal where we could get together and hang out.’
The ground floor had a play room, a study and a living room and kithen diner, while the first floor had three bedrooms and the top floor featured a further master bedroom and two children’s rooms.
Kevin said: ‘It’s a fabulously proud 21st century conversion of next door.’
At House within a House the inside features modern decor, with a large kitchen island dominating the centre of the kitchen and a floor to ceiling window letting in light
The outer layer of the house acts as a shell to keep the space warmer and better insulate the original 1960s building
Dan said: ‘We have a lot of people stop by and have a look, and it does take people back a little bit because it is different from all of the surrounding areas. We have positive thoughts and we have people who don’t like it so much.
‘Originally there was one of those which was bombed, so they had to build something a bit later, after the war.’
Michelle said: ‘We kept [the old thing], it’s inside. It was the most important thing [to use the 1950s house].’
They kept the old floor slab and old ground floor walls, saving 12,000 bricks from landfill. then they employed a timber frame to build an extra floor.
From the outside the grey brick offers a modern feel, with contemporary windows separating House within a House from its older neighbours
Inside, the judges admired the exposed timber rafter which combined elegance with indestructible practicality.
Kevin called the house within a house ‘relaxed’ and ‘unfussy’, praising the sundrenched stair way and vaulted ceilings.
The building took two years to complete, with Michelle project managing and they were both as hands on as they could be.
She said: ‘We’d always imagined we’d have a concrete floor downstairs and we tried with our contractors, but we had to abandon that one. It was a horror show.’
Harbour House in Hayling Island, built by John Pardey Architects, was described by Kevin as ‘handsome, angular and well-chiseled’ (pictured)
It was a building that took beachside living to another level. As an upside down house, the ground floor was given over to three bedrooms, a wet room and a family room, while the main living space was on the first floor
Meanwhile the third house on the line-up, Harbour House in Hayling Island, built by John Pardey Architects, was described by Kevin as ‘handsome, angular and well-chiseled’.
It was a building that took beachside living to another level. As an upside down house, the ground floor was given over to three bedrooms, a wet room and a family room.
Meanwhile upstairs, there was a master bedroom with a kitchen, living and dining room area.
It was home to Simon and Lisa, who worked in public relations and the furniture trade, who lived there with their three children.
Simon said: ‘Lisa and I met by the sea, we got married on a boat on the sea, we raced together at sea. So the last thing left to do was live by the sea.’
Lisa added: ‘I was particularly keen on inside-outside living, weather permitting. When we get 100mph winds coming from the South West, it’s quite remarkable the house actually stands up and withstands the elements.’
Owners Simon and Lisa said they were ‘particularly keen’ on indoor-outdoor living and wanted to incorporate natural materials into their build
Meanwhile architect John said the ‘scruffy quality’ of the local surroundings were what ‘really inspired’ him with the stunning building (pictured)
Harbour House not only has the beach, it has a pool set into the garden.
Edward Rice, project manager, said: ‘Each bit of glass weighs in the region of three-quarters of a ton so we had to crane it in from the yard next door.’
Meanwhile architect John added: ‘The scruffy quality of this area really inspired me. It’s horrible being thought of as an architect who just does posh houses.
‘I get really excited by people who don’t have a high budget, the ones in areas that aren’t high end.
‘It makes you just work a bit harder, I don’t want it to be too showy, just unpretentious in its way. I wanted the house here just to fit in.
Pele Tower House, build by Woollacott Gilmartin, was a formidable Grade II listed fortress, wearing an impenetrable armor of rugged stone (pictured)
Meanwhile the final home featured on the programme was Pele Tower House, build by Woollacott Gilmartin. It appeared to be a formidable Grade II listed fortress, wearing an impenetrable armor of rugged stone.
But lying in wait behind the five foot thick walls was a welcoming, contemporary family home, full of glass, light and 21st century features.
It was designed by Katie Woolacott and Patrick Gilmartin, who were drawn to the romance of working with a 14th century tower.
Patrick said: ‘For me, something about a tower, it brings out the child in you, you want to climb it. You want to explore it, you want to discover things and be surprised by it.’
Meanwhile Katie added: ‘All that eccentricity and character was something really important to us.’
Different chunks of the house were build at different times – the central section was originally built in the 15th century, while the oldest part was the tower itself, which now houses a library, bedroom and a bathroom.
The judges commended Patrick and Katie for sensitively modernising the tower while holding on to the history, with the pair building a light well to flood the space with brightness
The home perfectly mixes old materials with a sleek and modern style to create the unique property (pictured left and right)
Patrick said: ‘That was really the challenge, how to make it a family home that was intimate and not gloomy.’
The judges commended Patrick and Katie for sensitively modernising the tower while holding on to the history.
Their master stroke was creating space between the old walls and the new roof of the building, perfectly ‘slotting’ the new into the old space.
Katie said: ‘We really wanted you to feel you were inside the ruin. If you’d gone to the edges, you wouldn’t have felt that way.’
From outside, you’d never guess such decadence lay behind the arrow slit windows. Meanwhile they’ve also left a space between the walls, so that one side of the tower became a light well.
Patrick said: ‘Many of the problems we encountered within the tower were rare problems you encounter within an urban setting. The light well served well for that purpose.’
Source: Read Full Article
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You can tell a great deal about a religion by its god, and this is one of the central questions which must be analyzed in comparing Free-masonry with Christianity. Does the "God" of Free-masonry resemble the God of the Bible?
It is difficult to learn the name of the deity of Masonry, since it is a closely guarded secret! To outsiders, the god of the Lodge is usually referred to as "The Great Architect of the Universe" (or T.G.A.O.T.U.). That sounds alright, if a bit vague. This is, sadly, exactly how it is intended to sound.
The blandness of the titles of the Masonry's god diminishes as the degrees climb. As in most secret societies, the revealed material gets more bizarre as you get further into the club. As an example, in the first prayer the candidate hears, deity is addressed as "Almighty Father of the Universe." Throughout the lower degrees, the deity is addressed either as "God" (as when the candidate swears his oath by saying, "so help me God...", or as T...G...A...O...T...U...
As one progresses higher into the degrees, the nature of God begins to take on a less soothing quality. The closest description I can think of is generic foods in the supermarket. The god of Masonry is a "generic" god. His label is blank, so if you want to write in Allah or Krishna or even Satan, you could do so and no Mason could possibly object.
This is obviously "God-to-the-lowest-common-denominator." The Masonic authority, Albert Mackey put it this way:
"Be assured, that God is equally present with the pious Hindu in the temple, the Jew in the synagogue, the Mohammedan in the mosque, and the Christian in the church."
One could just as logically add to Mackey's thought by saying that this "god" is equally present to the satanist in his coven as he cuts the heart out of a child.
Lest the Mason think that such a statement is absurd, let us see just how discriminating the authorities are about the nature of the god they worship. Henry W. Coil, the most highly regarded Masonic scholar states:
The Masonic test is a Supreme Being and any qualification added is an innovation. Monotheism has been espoused as the sole religious dogma of Free-masonry by some authors. This obviously violates Masonic principles, for it requires belief in a specific kind of supreme deity.
Thus, if you tell the satanist that he cannot be a Mason because his supreme being, the devil, isn't up to snuff, you are in violation of "Masonic principles."
When I applied for Lodge membership, I was a witch, and attended an Episcopal church.
I was stupid enough to think the witch god, Lucifer, was the Supreme Being, the father of Jesus. So when two Masons came calling to check me out as a candidate, and asked me if I believed in God, I said yes, without hesitation, knowing that my god was Lucifer.
I was welcomed into the Lodge with open arms, and remained there for nine years. During that time none of my "Christian brothers" ever witnessed to me about Jesus. That would have been bad Masonic etiquette!
After a couple of years, I met two high ranking Masons who were also worshippers of Lucifer. One was a famous ritualist in the York Rite, and one was a Master of a Lodge.
This generic god is obviously a god with whom everyone can be comfortable, except Bible believers! He is a god who offends no one. However, is this broad-minded "man upstairs" the right God, the Biblical God?
The God of the Judeo-Christian heritage is not some blank slate upon which you can trace the form of whatever idol you like. He is very clearly described in the Bible. From Mt. Sinai, He thunders:
"I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me" (Exodus 20:2-3).
Later in the Ten Commandments, He warns:
"Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them (other gods), nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me" (Exodus 20:5).
Imagine the colorless god of the Lodge being jealous? It just doesn't wash. The God we quoted is not pleased to be identified with another god.
He insists throughout the Bible that He is the only true God and He will tolerate the worship of no other deity. (Deuteronomy 6:4, Isaiah 43:10, 44:6-8, I Timothy 2:5).
See more articles on related topics:
False Religions
Masonry
Occult
Masonic Teachings
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Other Articles from November/December 1999:
A Surprise Ending!
God's Words or Just His Ideas?
Jack Chick Speaks About One World Church
Chick Mail Bag
God Turns Church Massacre into Explosion of the Gospel
Rupert Murdoch, Papal Knight, Publisher of NIV, Donates $10 Million for New LA Cathedral
Prison Ministry Letters: Nov-1999
Is this cave millions of years old?
Gospel Tract Club Adds New Dimension to Bus Ministry
Tract Passing Tips - November 1999
Soul Winner's Rights in the Workplace
More on Masonry:
Should A Christian Become A Mason?
Can a Christian Be a Mason?
What Would You Do If .....?
Why No Christian Woman Should Join Order of the Eastern Star
Can a Christian Be a Mason?
Products of Interest:
Should A Christian Be A Mason?
96 pages
Well-known masons, in their own words, show why no Christian should be a Mason.
That's Baphomet?
Masonry almost destroyed his family. Repentance saved his son.
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Chick Publications is best known for Chick cartoon tracts. The gospel tracts that people actually like to read! These gospel cartoon tracts are available in over 100 languages and are very popular, with over 900 million sold. (Read more)
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0.999805 |
EXPLANATION: First, let's define what the LXX is supposed to be. An ancient document called "The Letter of Aristeas" revealed a plan to make an OFFICIAL translation of the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament) in Greek. This translation was to be accepted as the official Bible of the Jews and was to replace the Hebrew Bible. Supposedly this translation work would be performed by 72 Jewish scholars (?), six from each of the twelve tribes of Israel. The supposed location of the work was to be Alexandria, Egypt. The alleged date of translation was supposedly around 250 BC, during the 400 years of silence between the close of the Old Testament in 397 BC and the birth of Christ in approximately 4 BC (due to a four year error in the calendar).
It has become known as the Septuagint, "The Interpretation of the 70 Elders". Also it is represented by the Roman (?) numerals whose combined value is 70, hence L-50, X-10, X-10. Why it isn't called the LXXII I'll never know.
This so called "Letter of Aristeas" is the sole evidence for the existence of this mystical document. There are absolutely NO Greek Old Testament manuscripts existent with a date of 250 BC or anywhere near it. Neither is there any record in Jewish history of such a work being contemplated or performed.
When pressed to produce hard evidence of the existence of such a document, scholars quickly point to Origen's Hexapla written around 200 AD, or approximately 450 years later than the LXX was supposedly penned, and more than 100 years after the New Testament was completed. The second column of Origen's Hexapla contains his own (hardly 72 Jewish scholars) Greek translation of the Old Testament including spurious books such as "Bel and the Dragon", "Judith" and "Tobit" and other apocryphal books accepted as authoritative only by the Roman Catholic Church.
Proponents of the invisible LXX will try to claim that Origen didn't translate the Hebrew into Greek, but only copied the LXX into the second column of his Hexapla. Can this argument be correct? No. If it were, then that would mean that those astute 72 Jewish scholars added the Apocryphal books to their work before they were ever written. (!) Or else, Origen took the liberty to add these spurious writings to God's Holy Word (Rev. 22:18).
Thus we see that the second column of the Hexapla is Origen's personal, unveilable translation of the Old Testament into Greek and nothing more.
Eusebius and Philo, both of questionable character, make mention of a Greek Pentateuch. Hardly the entire Old Testament and not mentioned as any kind of an officially accepted translation.
Is there ANY Greek manuscript of the Old Testament written BEFORE the time of Christ? Yes. There is one minute scrap dated at 150 BC, the Ryland's Papyrus, #458. It contains Deuteronomy chapters 23-28. No more. No less. If fact, it may be the existence of this fragment that led Eusebius and Philo to assume that the entire Pentateuch had been translated by some scribe in an effort to interest Gentiles in the history of the Jews. It most certainly cannot be a portion of any pretended official Old Testament translation into Greek. We can rest assured that those 72 Jewish scholars supposedly chosen for the work in 250 BC would be just a mite feeble by 150 BC.
Besides the non-existence of any reason to believe such a translation was ever produced are several hurdles which the "Letter of Aristeas", Origen's Hexapla, Ryland's #458, and Eusebius and Philo just cannot clear.
The first one is the "Letter of Aristeas" itself. There is little doubt amongst scholars today that it was not written by anyone named Aristeas. In fact, some believe its true author is Philo. This would give it an A.D. date. If this were true, then its REAL intention would be to deceive believers into thinking that Origen's second column is a copy of the LXX. A feat that it has apparently accomplished "in spades".
If there was an Aristeas, he was faced with two insurmountable problems.
First, how did he ever locate the twelve tribes in order to pick his six representative scholars from each? Having been thoroughly scattered by their many defeats and captivities, the tribal lines of the 12 tribes had long since dissolved into virtual non-existence. It was impossible for anyone to distinctly identify the 12 individual tribes.
Secondly, if the 12 tribes had been identified, they would not have undertaken such a translation for two compelling reasons.
(1) Every Jew knew that the official caretaker of Scripture was the tribe of Levi as evidenced in Deuteronomy 17:18, 31:25,26 and Malachi 2:7. Thus, NO Jew of any of the eleven other tribes would dare join such a forbidden enterprise.
(2) It is obvious to any reader of the Bible that the Jews were to be distinctly different from the Gentile nations around them. Unto them was given such distinct practices as circumcision, Sabbath worship, sundry laws of cleansing and their own homeland. Added to this is the heritage of the Hebrew language. Even today, practicing Jews in China and India refuse to teach their children any language but Hebrew. The Falasha Jews of Ethiopia were distinct among the many tribes of their country by the fact that they jealously retained the Hebrew language as an evidence of their Jewish heritage.
Are we to be so naive as to believe that the Jews who considered Gentiles nothing more than dogs, would willingly forsake their heritage, the Hebrew language, for a Gentile language into which would be translated the holiest possession of all, their Bible? Such a supposition is as insane as it is absurd.
"What then," one might ask, "of the numerous quotes in the New Testament of the Old Testament that are ascribed to the LXX?" The LXX they speak of is nothing more than the second column of Origen's Hexapia. The New Testament quotations are not quotes of any LXX or the Hexapla. They are the author, the Holy Spirit, taking the liberty of quoting His work in the Old Testament in whatever manner He wishes. And we can rest assured that He certainly is not quoting any non-existent Septuagint.
Only one more question arises. Then why are scholars so quick to accept the existence of this LXX in the face of such irrefutable arguments against it? The answer is sad and simple.
Hebrew is an extremely difficult language to learn. It takes years of study to attain a passing knowledge of it. And many more to be well enough versed to use it as a vehicle of study. By comparison a working knowledge of Greek is easily attainable. Thus, IF THERE WAS an official translation of the Old Testament into Greek, Bible critics could triple the field of influence overnight without a painstaking study of biblical Hebrew. Unfortunately, the acceptance of the existence of the Septuagint on such thin evidence is based solely on pride and voracity.
But stop and think. Even if such a spurious document as the LXX really did exist, how could a Bible critic, who, in reference to the King James Bible, say that "No translation has the authority of the original language, " claim in the same breath that his pet LXX has equal authority with the Hebrew Original? This scholarly double-talk is nothing more than a self exalting authority striving to keep his scholarly position above those "unschooled in the original languages."
If you accept such an argument, I have a bridge to sell you in Brooklyn!
See more articles on related topics:
Bible Versions
Septuagint
History of Preservation
More on Bible Versions:
Isn't the NKJV just as good as the KJV?
Where was the Bible before 1611?
History Proves the Power of the KJV
'But Dad, Which One is God's Word?'
RVG 2010 - New Translation or Revision?
Products of interest:
Answer Book, The
165 pages
Over 60 of the most commonly asked questions about Bible versions are answered in an easily understood style.
Did Jesus Use the Septuagint?
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They're saying Jesus used the Septuagint. But what they really want is to add something to your Bible.
Answers to Your Bible Version Questions
224 pages
David W. Daniels answers difficult questions about the KJV. Learn how to defend the KJV and why you can trust it.
Can You Trust Just One Bible?
160 pages
Answers to the most common anti-KJV accusations.
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Contact Us
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©1984-2021 Chick Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Some portions of this site are copyrighted by others and reproduced by permission, as indicated by copyright notices on individual pages. Privacy | International Resellers
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0.99994 |
When you sign a contract, you expect both parties to hold their end of the bargain. The same can be true for testing applications. Contract testing is a way to make sure that services can communicate with each other and that the data shared between the services is consistent with a specified set of rules. In this post, I will guide you through using Joi as a library to create API contracts for services consuming an API.
This tutorial covers:
Setting up Joi contract testing framework
Using Joi to write contract tests for our API endpoint
Using Joi to validate API responses
Writing a test to validate an API response against a schema
Prerequisites
To be best positioned to follow along, you will need to have a few things established,
Basic knowledge of JavaScript
Basic knowledge of writing tests
Node.js installed on your system (version >= 11.0)
A CircleCI account
A GitHub account
In this post, I will demonstrate writing contract tests for an open source API endpoint. The endpoint we will be testing monitors the Bitcoin Price Index for different currencies. We will then use a NodeJS app to test the contracts of the returned responses that are provided by the Coinbase API.
Cloning the demo project
To begin the exercise, you will need to clone the demo project. The project is a Node application that is built on top of Express.js. The Coinbuzz application itself has not yet been developed. For this tutorial, we will focus on the contract tests that will be useful to ensure the stability of the application as if it will be developed.
The project will use Coinbase APIs, and for this tutorial, we will use the endpoint https://api.coindesk.com/v1/bpi/currentprice/CNY.json. This endpoint fetches the Bitcoin price index for the Chinese yuan in relation to the United States dollar.
Clone the project by running this command:
git clone [email protected]:CIRCLECI-GWP/coinbuzz-contract-testing.git
Install the dependencies by first navigating to the project folder:
cd coinbuzz-contract-testing;
npm install
There is no need to run the application, since we will only be running our tests in this project.
Why use contract testing
Before we get started, let me give you some background about contract testing. This kind of testing provides confidence that different services work when they are required to. Imagine that an organization has multiple payment services that utilize an Authentication API. The API logs in users into an application with a username and a password. It then assigns them an access token when the log-in operation is successful. Other services like Loans and Repayments require the Authentication API service once users are logged in.
If the Authentication service changes the way it works and requires email instead of username, the Loans and Repayments services will fail. With contract testing, both the Loans and Repayments services can keep track of the Authentication API by having an expected set of behaviors with the requests made from the service. The services have access to information about when, how, and where failures are happening. There is also information about whether the failures have been caused by an external dependency, which in this case is Authentication.
Setting up the contract test environment
Contract tests are designed to monitor the state of an application and notify testers when there is an unexpected result. Contract tests are most effective when they are used by a tool that relies on the stability of other services. Two examples:
A front-end application that relies on the stability of a backend API (like in our project)
A microservices environment or an API that relies on another API to process information
Testing endpoints from CoinDesk will help us understand the Bitcoin Price Index for different currencies on different days. To learn more, review app.js in our cloned application.
Before you can begin testing the API, you need an understanding of its structure. That knowledge will help you write your contracts. First, use the browser to make a simple GET request to this URL:
https://api.coindesk.com/v1/bpi/currentprice/CNY.json
This request fetches the current price of Bitcoin over a certain period of time. It then shows the conversion in both USD (United States Dollars) and the CNY (Chinese Yuan).
While the response object might look a little bit intimidating at first, we can work through it by breaking it down into individual objects using Joi, which we will do in the next section of this tutorial. But before we do that, let us first set up our CircleCI pipeline.
Setting up a project on CircleCI
If you cloned the sample project repository, it is already initialized and set up in git. It can be helpful to understand how our project is integrated with CircleCI. To set up CircleCI, initialize a GitHub repository in your project by running the command:
git init
Next, create a .gitignore file in the root directory. Inside the file, add node_modules, to ignore npm-generated modules from being added to your remote repository. Add a commit and then push your project to GitHub.
Log into CircleCI and navigate to Projects. All the repositories associated with your GitHub username or your organization are listed, including the one you want to set up in CircleCI. In this case it is coinbuzz-contract-testing.
On the Projects dashboard, click the Set Up Project button. Then, click Use Existing Config.
When prompted, click Start Building. The pipeline fails, which is as expected. We still need to add our customized .circleci/config.yml configuration file to GitHub before the project will build properly.
Writing the CI pipeline configuration
Once we have setup CircleCI pipeline, it is time to add CircleCI to our local project. Start by creating a folder named .circleci in the root directory. Inside the folder, create a config.yml file. Now add configuration details:
version: 2.1
jobs:
build:
working_directory: ~/repo
docker:
- image: cimg/node:10.16.3
steps:
- checkout
- run:
name: update npm
command: "npm install -g npm@5"
- restore_cache:
key: dependency-cache-{{ checksum "package-lock.json" }}
- run:
name: install dependencies
command: npm install
- save_cache:
key: dependency-cache-{{ checksum "package-lock.json" }}
paths:
- ./node_modules
- run:
name: run coinbuzz contract-tests
command: npm test
- store_artifacts:
path: ~/repo/coinbuzz
In this configuration, CircleCI uses a Node Docker image, pulled from the environment. It then updates npm package manager. Next, if the cache exists, it is restored. Application dependencies are updated only when a change has been detected with save-cache. The Coinbuzz tests are run and cached items are stored in the artifacts coinbuzz directory.
Pushing your changes to GitHub will automatically start the building process on CircleCI. Because we do not have any tests yet, our pipeline will fail (again). That is ok, because we will re-run this after we add the tests. Even without tests, details for the pipeline are available to review.
Creating the Joi contracts
Joi is a tool that makes it possible to analyze objects and break them into chunks that can be validated. Joi views a response as a single object with two key values of time and bpi. Each value is of a particular data type. By breaking down the response, Joi can to analyze the response and create assertions of either success or failure based on the defined schema contracts.
To install the joi package for our project, open a Terminal window and run this command:
npm install joi
Great! We have started the process of creating our Joi contracts. This section will cover how to create just a part of the object, which can then be extended to create other sections of the response. We will use a sample code block that shows how to break down the object into chunks. We can test the currencyObject and later re-use it for either USD or CNY.
const currencyObject = Joi.object({
code: Joi.string().required(),
symbol: Joi.string().optional(),
rate: Joi.string().required(),
description: Joi.string().required(),
rate_float: Joi.number().required()
}).required();
In this code block, we are taking apart the currency object and telling Joi that in our response, we are expecting the currency object to have the key items code, symbol, rate, description, and rate_float. Also in the contract, the state of the items in our object are described, including whether they should be optional() or required(). In this case we have added the symbol key as optional because we want to reuse the currencyObject with other responses that have a similar structure.
The currency object matches side-by-side to both the currency responses for the USD and the CNY. It can be re-used because the currencyObject contract matches the criteria for both the CNY and the USD response objects. The full BPIContract is integrated with the currencyObject in a way that can be re-used multiple times. The larger context of the full contract of the response is from CoinDesk CNY request.
In this section, we have covered creating Joi contracts and defining the properties of responses that need to be verified by the contract schema. Keep in mind that to “tighten” schemas, you should define whether the contract schema values are required or optional. This creates a boundary on whether to throw an error on failure or to ignore it.
Handling Joi contract errors
When writing contracts, it is important to handle the errors that may arise from issues with the responses. You will need to know whether the responses are consistent every time you execute your tests, and when there is a contract schema failure. Understanding potential contract failures will help you learn how to tweak your applications to handle the failures.
To handle the errors, create a directory and call it lib. Add two files to the directory:
One for the request helper that helps make the API requests using axios
Another file for the schemaValidation() method to validate responses against the defined schemas
The schema validation file verifies that that the response provided and the contract are consistent. If they are not, it results in an error. The next code block shows where we are using a method to verify the received response against the defined Joi contract schema.
async function schemaValidation(response, schema) {
if (!response || !schema) throw new Error('An API response and contract are required');
const options = { abortEarly: false };
try {
const value = await schema.validateAsync(response, options);
return value
}
catch (err) {
throw new Error(err);
}
}
module.exports = {
schemaValidation
}
The schema.validateAsync() Joi method is responsible for validating the responses against the created schema. In this case, we already have a schema created in the file contracts/bpi-contracts.js. In the next section, we will verify that this method works by writing a test and passing in both the schema and the received API response from a Coinbase API.
Writing tests and assertions
You have successfully written your contracts and a method to validate them against API responses while checking for inconsistencies. Our next step is to write a test that uses this method. To test the API using our schema, you will need to install jest, a JavaScript testing framework, and axios, a JavaScript request-making framework.
npm install jest axios
We will use Jest to run our tests, and axios to make the API requests to the Coinbase endpoints. To make this possible, add the test command to run the tests in the package.json file:
"scripts": {
"start": "node ./bin/www",
"test": "jest"
},
Adding the command in the scripts section enables Jest to scan our project for any file that has either a .spec or .test extension. When one is discovered, Jest treats them as test files and runs them.
Now, create a test inside the contract-tests directory. This test calls the schema validation method after making an API request.
const { getData } = require('../lib/request-helper')
const { schemaValidation } = require('../lib/validateContractSchema');
const { BPIContract } = require('../contracts/bpi-contracts');
describe('BPI contracts', () => {
test('CNY bpi contract schema check', async () => {
const response = await getData({
url: 'https://api.coindesk.com/v1/bpi/currentprice/CNY.json' });
return schemaValidation(response, BPIContract);
});
});
This call uses the getData() method to make the request. The getData() method uses axios to make a call to the Coinbase API, then uses the response to verify the API response against the schema validation method schemaValidation(). This already has our Joi schema definitions for the response received from our endpoint. Run our test and validate that it works by running:
npm test
Check your terminal for some good news.
Voila! Our test passes.
Hold on, though. It is still too early to host a party. We need to verify that the test also handles situations when the contracts are not correct. In a previous contract schema, we used the field symbol: Joi.string().optional() in the currencyObject. We can change the Joi expectation to required() and find out if Joi will create errors. Edit the currencyObject to match this:
const currencyObject = Joi.object({
code: Joi.string().required(),
symbol: Joi.string().required(),
rate: Joi.string().required(),
description: Joi.string().required(),
rate_float: Joi.number().required()
}).required();
After re-running our tests, we are indeed presented with an error.
Joi was able to capture the error, and now expects the symbol object item to be required() and not optional() in the currency object. The response from the API does not have the symbol as part of the response, and Joi rejects the API response. The response does not meet the criteria of the contract.
We can now declare this a success. We have been able to show that our contract schema works. A modification of a response will result in a failure which we will be alerted about.
Verifying pipeline success
Now that the tests are working and the CI pipeline is set up, you can add all the files to git and push them to Github remote repository. Our CircleCI pipeline should kick in and run our tests automatically. To observe the pipeline execution, go to the CircleCI dashboard and click the project name (coinbuzz-contract-testing).
To review the build status, select the build from the CircleCI dashboard. You will be able to review the status of every step as defined in your CircleCI configuration file.
Everything appears green: victory!
Conclusion
In this tutorial, you have created a contract schema for an API response, a method to handle errors in the schema, and a test to verify that the contract schema works. I hope have been able to demonstrate how easy it is to set up contract tests for APIs or frontend applications that depend on the availability of external services. It can be possible to forget about undetected dependency flakiness when you can pinpoint a failing service to the accuracy of a changed response object.
Waweru Mwaura is a Software Engineer and a lifelong-learner who specializes in Quality Engineering. He is an author at packt and enjoys reading about engineering, finance, and technology. You can read more about him on his web profile.
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(Note that I’m not talking about "processing collections in parallel, which is definitely not an anti-pattern…)
I figured it was worth starting to blog about anti-patterns I see frequently on Stack Overflow. I realize that some or all of these patterns may be collected elsewhere, but it never hurts to express such things yourself… it’s a good way of internalizing information, aside from anything else. I don’t guarantee that my style of presenting these will stay consistent, but I’ll do what I can…
The anti-patterns themselves are likely to be somewhat language-agnostic, or at the very least common between Java and C#. I’m likely to post code samples in C#, but I don’t expect it to be much of a hindrance to anyone coming from a background in a similar language.
Context
You have related pieces of data about each of several items, and want to keep this data in memory. For example, you’re writing a game and have multiple players, each with a name, score and health.
Anti-pattern
Each kind of data is stored (all the names, all the scores, all the health values) in a separate collection. Typically I see this with arrays. Then each time you need to access related values, you need to make sure you’re using the same index for each collection.
So the code might look like this:
class Game
{
string[] names;
int[] scores;
int[] health;
public Game()
{
// Initialize all the values appropriately
}
public void PrintScores()
{
for (int i = 0; i < names.Length; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", names[i], scores[i]);
}
}
}
Preferred approach
The code above fails to represent an entity which seems pretty obvious when you look at the description of the data: a player. Whenever you find yourself describing pieces of data which are closely related, you should make sure you have some kind of representation of that in your code. (In some cases an anonymous type is okay, but often you’ll want a separate named class.)
Once you’ve got that type, you can use a single collection, which makes the code much cleaner to work with.
class Player
{
public string Name { get; private set; }
public int Score { get; set; }
public int Health { get; set; }
public Player(string name, int health)
{
Name = name;
Health = health;
}
// Consider other player-specific operations
}
class Game
{
List<Player> players;
public Game()
{
// Initialize players appropriately
}
public void PrintScores()
{
foreach (var player in players)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", player.Name, player.Score);
}
}
}
Note how we can now use a foreach loop to iterate over our players, because we don’t care need to use the same index for two different collections.
Once you perform this sort of refactoring, you may well find that there are other operations within the Game class which would be better off in the Player class. For example, if you also had a Level property, and increasing that would automatically increase a player’s health and score, then it makes much more sense for that "level up" operation to be in Player than in Game. Without the Player concept, you’d have nowhere else to put the code, but once you’ve identified the relationship between the values, it becomes much simpler to work with.
It’s also much easier to modify a single collection than multiple ones. For example, if we wanted to add or remove a player, we now just need to make a change to a single collection, instead of making sure we perform the same operation to each "single value" collection in the original code. This may sound like a small deal, but it’s easy to make a mistake and miss out on one of the collections somewhere. Likewise if you need to add another related value – like the "level" value described above – it’s much easier to add that in one place than adding another collection and then making sure you do the right thing in every piece of code which changes any of the other collections.
Summary
Any time you find yourself with multiple collections sharing the same keys (whether those are simple list indexes or dictionary keys), think about whether you could have a single collection of a type which composes the values stored in each of the original collections. As well as making it easier to handle the collection data, you may find the new type allows you to encapsulate other operations more sensibly.
Update: what about performance?
As some readers have noted, this transformation can have an impact on performance. Originally, all the scores were kept close together in memory, all the health etc. If you perform a bulk operation on the scores (finding the average score, for example) that locality of reference can have a significant impact. In some cases that may be enough justification to use the parallel collections instead… but this should be a conscious decision, having weighed up the pros and cons and measured the performance impact. Even then, I’d be tempted to encapsulate that PlayerCollection in a separate type, allowing it to implement IEnumerable<Player> where useful. (If you wanted the Player to be mutable, you’d need it to be aware of PlayerCollection itself.)
In almost all these anti-patterns, there will be cases where they’re the lesser of two evils – but novice developers need to be aware of them as anti-patterns to start with. As ever with performance trade-offs, I believe in first deciding on concrete performance goals, then implementing the code in the simplest possible way that meets the non-performance goals, measuring against the performance goals, and tweaking if necessary to achieve them, relying heavily on measurement.
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33 thoughts on “Anti-pattern: parallel collections”
David cuccia says:
June 3, 2014 at 1:11 am
Awesome entry. I look forward to many anti-patterns!
I’d propose that one place this pattern is typically preferred is where physical data layout and access can have significant impact on performance, trumping potential encapsulation wins. One example that comes to mind is in GPU (SIMD/SPMD) computing, where (at least historically) accessing or writing to a “struct of arrays” is often preferable to operating on an “array of structs”
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Zahir says:
June 3, 2014 at 1:18 am
I agree with combining items with same arity changing requirements but sometimes it comes with performance penalty, especially within games.
You may want to check for data-locality to see what I mean (http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/data-locality.html which depends on the data-oriented-design described here http://research.scee.net/files/presentations/gcapaustralia09/Pitfalls_of_Object_Oriented_Programming_GCAP_09.pdf).
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Artur Krajewski says:
June 3, 2014 at 1:19 am
As far as I understand there are completely legitimate cases, where parallel collections are much better.
Mainly, it is about performance of iteration over collection, which, especially in games, can occur many times a second in different context(pathfinding, rendering, physics, logic etc).
In that case there are two main problems, that cause awful lot of cache misses:
* data structure is bigger than needed for particular task (contains data not needed in this exact moment)
* ref types will make memory access pattern almost random in worst case.
In general, it seems there is a tradeoff rather then “pure-evil” antipattern. Cheers.
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pete.d says:
June 3, 2014 at 1:50 am
“This may sound like a small deal, but it’s easy to make a mistake…”
And in fact, it should sound like a small deal only to the most naïve, inexperienced programmer.
The guidance to avoid this anti-pattern is spot-on. In fact, it is a special case of the more general “don’t repeat yourself” (DRY), which itself has a number of benefits.
But certainly one of the foremost is, as implied here, that when repeating oneself (e.g. duplicating some logic over multiple collections instead of authoring it just once), not only is it easy to make a mistake, it is hard to fix a mistake.
Even if you duplicate the initial implementation exactly right in each place, if that initial implementation is flawed, it’s that much harder to ensure a fix for the flaw is applied everywhere it needs to be.
There are a bunch of other reasons for following the “DRY” principle, and in general they are also reasons for following your advice here too! :)
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pete.d says:
June 3, 2014 at 2:05 am
@Zahir, @Artur:
Even in game development, there are few places where such locality is actually an important factor. Even in game development, the goal should be correct code first, fast code second. It’s fine to break good code if it turns out to be a measured bottleneck which can be significantly improved by making the code worse. But otherwise, worrying about something like locality is just another premature optimization.
In any case, genuine performance optimizations regularly are in direct contradiction with proper software engineering practices. That’s the nature of optimizations; if they were aligned with proper software engineering practices, they wouldn’t be “optimizations” per se. They’d just be normal code.
It is likely that any discussion regarding good and bad programming patterns will find performance optimizations on the side of “bad”. Given this near-universal truth, it doesn’t seem all that fruitful to me to bother mentioning optimizations as a counter-argument to good programming practices in any specific discussion.
When a footnote winds up applied to every discussion in a theme (e.g. evil code, anti-patterns), why bother with the footnote at all? Seems like we can just take it as granted and move on.
Fact is, performance optimizations usually do wind up resulting in evil code. Oh well…c’est la vie! But let’s not pretend that the code doesn’t wind up being evil.
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NotAnAntiPattern says:
June 3, 2014 at 2:41 am
This antipattern is common in games because it’s actually a pattern. You’re describing what game developers sometimes refer to as AofS (array of structs) vs SofA (struct of arrays) patterns. There are pros and cons of each of these ways of structuring your code. Performance is often a motivator for preferring parallel containers, but it’s also a way of maintaining separation of responsibilities. I’m not sure whether you’ve done any research on the performance and code maintenance benefits of the “anti pattern” you describe, but if you have, I’d love to see you address those benefits directly in the article.
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skeet says:
June 3, 2014 at 2:54 am
@NotAnAntiPattern: Hence my update at the bottom. I haven’t done any research on this for games, as I haven’t worked in the games industry – but I’ve usually seen this anti-pattern in Stack Overflow posts from novice developers.
I would suggest that in the games industry where performance can be so critical, there are quite a few times where the performance requirements outweigh the benefits of what *I’d* view as clean code. Mutable structs for positions, for example, may well make sense in high performance gaming code – but I’d still urge the vast majority of developers to avoid them.
As for the *maintenance* benefits of the anti-pattern – I really haven’t seen any.
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Notanantipattern says:
June 3, 2014 at 3:04 am
I think the example also misses a key aspect of the reason for the “anti pattern” by only showing a single entity type (player). In the original code it is likely that players will have a name and a score, but it won’t just be players that have health – doors might have health, weapons might have health, non-player creatures might have health. It’s not an anti pattern to model capabilities as entities in their own right particularly when not all entities if a particular type have a capability and when entities of different types have the same type of capability.
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skeet says:
June 3, 2014 at 3:25 am
@NotAnAntiPattern: In that case, I’d model that as an interface implemented by the various classes. I wouldn’t just keep health as a separate array.
And again, that simply *isn’t* the sort of situation where I’ve usually seen the anti-pattern. On Stack Overflow in particular, I’ve pretty much always seen it in novice code where the coder just hasn’t *thought* of creating another class to encapsulate the data.
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JDT says:
June 3, 2014 at 5:29 am
This isn’t an anti-pattern. In the past I’ve refactored my code from your second example to your first in a successful effort to improve performance.
That isn’t to say it’s always better; but I think to be an “anti-pattern” something has to be always worse.
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skeet says:
June 3, 2014 at 5:52 am
@J
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skeet says:
June 3, 2014 at 5:55 am
@JDT: I explicitly mention performance in the update at the bottom. I regard this as an anti-pattern in that it’s *usually* a bad idea – at the very least as a first step. I would regard it as something that you might *try* after you’ve discovered a performance bottleneck, but which should only be done when it’s proved that the benefit outweighs the performance issue.
As for anti-pattern only being a suitable word when something is *always* worse – there are very few situations where that’s absolutely the case. I think it’s sufficient to be something that you should be very aware of, and only violate when you have very good reason to. It’s mostly about raising awareness – for folks who haven’t even *considered* the single-collection alternative.
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Jpt says:
June 3, 2014 at 6:12 am
For those arguing that this AP is a P due to performance concerns, keep in mind that you can still write an adapter that lets you iterate the structures without having to maintain the index manually. At least then you debug the complexity in only one place. Thats an easy way to keep your SofA DRY.
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cjb110 says:
June 3, 2014 at 6:17 am
If your aware enough of the performance impact, and have code that is sensitive enough to see it, then your probably already aware of the pros and cons…
for everyone else just use the preferred approach :)
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Weeble says:
June 3, 2014 at 8:21 am
This is an interesting point, and I’d really like to discuss the non-beginner scenarios. I’m very interested in what sort of API you should put *on top* of your component to leave yourself room to refactor the implementations as necessary.
I’ve encountered this situation over and over again. Game entities. Topological entities (vertices, edges, polygons). Anything where you have millions of uniform entities. In these cases, the per-object overheads (in both space and time) can be relatively high. And in some cases the cost of doing non-vectorized operations can be enormous. So there’s a huge incentive to structure these things in a way that doesn’t have a separate object for each entity. (That might be one array for each feature. Or it might be an array of structs. Or maybe it involves some sort of hybrid data-structure, like a tree of arrays.) But you want to hide that implementation from users so far as is possible. What’s a good API?
One approach is to have proxy objects that represent the entities in the collection, which are created on-demand and handle extracting and updating the data from the underlying implementation. In this way you can have a very natural object-oriented API on top of a data-structure with a very different implementation. But it can have lousy performance if you’re creating and discarding millions of proxies, and it can be difficult to handle invalidation of the proxies if their entity is removed from the collection or the collection is otherwise mutated.
Another approach is to have cursor objects that are a bit like proxies, except they can be explicitly “navigated” to point to different parts of the collection. This makes for a slightly less natural API, but it does allow a lot of flexibility in implementation of the collection. And much like iterators, cursors are typically expected to be invalidated by mutations to the collection, so they don’t have some of the issues of proxy objects. Or you can make cursors disposable and simply make it an error to mutate a collection with extant cursors.
Of course, neither of these approaches on their own really let you exploit the benefits of an optimized data-structure. But I think they’re valuable because they let your optimized vectorized whole-collection operations co-exist with code that is not performance-critical and which can benefit from dealing with a simpler view of the collection and its contents.
Are there other good ways to do this?
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Postie says:
June 3, 2014 at 9:46 am
I have a lot of respect for your knowledge, but I disagree with you calling this an anti-pattern. In the wrong hands (ie beginner programmers), it’s probably not the best way to go, but there are many examples of successful game engines built around this concept.
To me, an Anti-pattern should be something that is almost always a bad idea for beginners and pros alike, and is demonstrably harmful to the project.
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skeet says:
June 3, 2014 at 9:55 am
@Postie: I think it’s telling that games have come up so often here. In my experience, a lot of what I hear about game-focused optimization goes directly against what I think of as maintainable code.
I would suggest that the vast majority of programmers are *not* writing games – and outside games, this *is* an anti-pattern which is almost always a bad idea for beginners and pros alike. (I’d argue that even within games, in *most* scenarios it would be a bad idea, and shouldn’t be used without careful consideration and thought first.)
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nurettin says:
June 4, 2014 at 1:37 am
Parallel collections are even more useful in languages such as C++ where memory contiguity is useful when interfacing with C libraries which work with arrays. My latest use case was using TA_LIB functions.
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Dom Finn says:
June 4, 2014 at 6:26 am
Some excellent points. Always start with the safest way and then be as pragmatic as you have to be.
Some people seem to be talking about games…. I think people need to stop looking at the finger and start looking at all the heavenly glory.
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jjames says:
June 4, 2014 at 8:54 pm
@Postie: I don’t think an anti-pattern is something that is universally wrong, if it was universally wrong we’d just say its bad code.
I think this is a good example of a typical anti-pattern and if @skeet hadn’t used a game as an example (which is one of the edge cases that benefit from this anti-pattern) there wouldn’t be this much commotion about it.
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David Falkner says:
June 6, 2014 at 12:30 pm
“You must name your coding anti-pattern in order to defeat it.” – Sun Tzu.
I’d also add that not only does moving your parallel collections into a named class give a name to your concept, you also have a handy place to put cohesive behaviors manipulating the data in the collections, rather than having those behaviors strewn all throughout your code elsewhere.
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@intrueder says:
June 10, 2014 at 7:58 am
Are you telling us we need avoid using Zip extension method from LINQ as well? Because it exists to handle parallel collections.
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skeet says:
June 10, 2014 at 9:52 am
@intrueder: No – Zip is a great way of getting *from* a situation where you have parallel collections for some unavoidable reason (e.g. the data is coming from different sources, or it’s the serialization format) to a single collection.
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felan says:
June 13, 2014 at 10:16 am
If something needs no possible justifiable benefit to be considered an anti-pattern there is quite frankly no such thing as an anti-pattern.
Honestly I see this as an anti-pattern, even when it is necessary after extensive performance checking. I would just see it as the lesser of evils.
Performance is just one aspect of code and this approach is really only a benefit for performance. It hurts readability, comprehension, maintainability, and makes the code more fragile because you rely on a reasonable coincidence (the index being correct for both lists).
For anyone to call something that helps one aspect of code a pattern but hurts so many others as anything but an anti-pattern, seems disingenuous to me. It’s not to say an anti-pattern isn’t useful, but anti-patterns should always be a last resort thing and the reason for it documented and supported with strong evidence.
I think people object so strongly to it being called an anti-pattern because then they can’t just off-the-cuff well we need it, they are more likely to have to show it is a benefit. An anti-pattern should always be avoided when possible, sometimes that just isn’t possible.
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JDT says:
June 25, 2014 at 7:48 am
@Skeet: I accept your dispute with my assertion on the meaning of the concept “anti-pattern”.
Surely if an “anti-pattern” is something that is “always [worse]” then a pattern must be something that is always better? Certainly we can then call nothing a pattern!
So yeah, I agree.
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harold says:
July 5, 2014 at 8:29 am
I really wish we could have the best of both worlds.
That is, the code would be written as a single collection of objects, but behind the scenes it would be parallel arrays.
Or maybe a bit differently: declared as parallel arrays, but then you define some magic and you can henceforth treat a “vertical slice” (the same index across all those arrays) as an object.
Or maybe there’s an even better way, I don’t know. I just know that the current situation is bad. Though it happens a lot, I don’t want to choose between code that is fast (and allows SIMD) and code that looks good – I definitely want both.
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treeowl says:
February 20, 2015 at 7:52 pm
The ubiquitous “vector” package for Haskell uses type families to implement arrays-of-structs as structs-of-arrays. An unboxed Vector (Int64, Char, (Bool,Word16)), for example, will be represented by an array of Int64 (64 bits per entry), an array of Char (32 bits per entry), an array of Bool (8 bits per entry), and an array of Word16 (16 bits per entry), but it acts like an array each of whose entries has an Int64, a Char, and a pair of Bool and Word16.
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Imgen Tata says:
July 7, 2014 at 7:19 am
Do you know that your download links on csharpindepth.com is all broken? I bought your book, then tried to download the samples, all the links are broken. You might want to fix it.
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Imgen Tata says:
July 7, 2014 at 7:23 am
Also some images in the csharpindepth.com are also not shown. Such as in this errata page
http://csharpindepth.com/ViewNote.aspx?NoteID=204
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skeet says:
July 7, 2014 at 7:27 am
@Imgen: No, I hadn’t realized those were broken. I think I know why, and should be able to fix it quickly. Thanks!
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Cyclist.ie has had an intensely busy and fruitful period of campaigning over the last two years. In the text below, we list many of our highlights and main achievements in 2019 and 2020. It is broadly divided into Campaigns, Submissions, Presentations, International Advocacy Work and Organisational Developments.
It is certainly not exhaustive, but will give a good sense of our core campaigning work. In summary though, our advocacy work has had a significant impact on national policy, on funding for cycling, and in supporting cycle campaigning at a local level which, in turn, is helping to shape the approaches of Local Authorities and communities in nurturing cycling. We look forward to an even more fruitful year in 2021!
2019 Highlights / Main Achievements
Major Campaigns
#allocate4cycling campaign organised with the aim of prioritising investment in cycling. As part of this, many PQs (Parliamentary Questions) posed to TDs so as to help disentangle figures around the actual annual spend on cycling
#Health Action Campaign run jointly with Health Bodies seeking concrete measures to facilitate active travel to form an integral part of the Climate Action Plan. https://cyclist.ie/2019/04/health-bodies-call-for-active-travel-in-climate-action-plan/
Supporting the #ibikeivote social media campaign to encourage those registered to vote in the local and European elections to get on their bikes and vote – and opt for candidates serious about active travel.
Supporting the campaign (led by Cyclist.ie member group Stayin’ Alive at 1.5) to have a new regulation introduced on the dangerous overtaking of cyclists (finally announced on 11th November 2019 by Shane Ross, Minister for Transport, Tourism and Sport). https://cyclist.ie/2019/11/dangerous-overtaking-of-cyclists-legislation/
40 submissions drafted and delivered to government departments, agencies and local authorities on a wide variety of topics – for example:
to the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport on ‘Personal Powered Transport’ (i.e. ‘micro-mobility modes’ which include ‘e-scooters’) https://cyclist.ie/2019/11/cyclist-ie-response-on-dttas-consultation-on-personal-powered-transport-ppt/
and to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action. https://cyclist.ie/2019/01/submission-to-joint-oireachtas-committee-on-climate-action/
Pre-Budget (2020) Submission https://cyclist.ie/2019/08/cyclist-ie-pre-budget-submission-2020/
Presentations to / meeting with:
Joint Oireachtas Committee on Transport, Tourism and Sport – along with Dublin Cycling Campaign and I Bike Dublin – essentially to make the case for investing in cycling. https://cyclist.ie/2019/12/cycling-campaigners-at-the-oireachtas-transport-committee/
Dr. Damien Ó Tuama from Cyclist.ie presenting to the Joint Oireachtas Committee on Transport, Tourism & Sport in November 2019
Officials from the Road Safety Authority, An Garda Síochána, the National Transport Authority, and three separate sections of the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (Sustainable Transport, Road Safety and Tourism)
International
Engaging through the European Cyclists’ Federation on EU level processes related to mobility and road safety. https://ecf.com/
Participation in a (3 year long) Erasmus+ project on Sustainable Mobility along with partners from Spain, Denmark and Lithuania – https://cyclist.ie/2019/04/cyclist-ie-in-erasmus-at-corella/.
Lunch with the partners on the Erasmus+ project in Corella – with Justin and Allison from the Clonakilty Bicycle Festival and Cyclist.ie at the front!
Participation of representatives from many of our member groups in the international Velo-city Cycling Planning Conference in Dublin https://www.dublincycling.com/vc19/dublin-cycling-campaign-and-friends-were-speaking-velo-city-dublin-2019
Alan Curran from the Galway Cycle Bus presenting at the 2019 Velo-city Cycle Planning Conference in Dublin
Organisational Achievements / work
Growth of the Cyclist.ie network to encompass 20 member groups
Including the new group of Carlow Cycling Campaign – https://cyclist.ie/2019/11/carlow-cycling-campaign-a-brand-new-cycling-advocacy-group/
Fundraising successes for the National Cycling Coordinator position
Building stronger alliances with An Taisce and Cycling Ireland, and advancing campaigns collectively through our membership of the Stop Climate Chaos coalition
Hosting of two Council meetings for our members and eight Executive Committee meetings in 2019
2020 Highlights / Main Achievements (as of 01 Dec 2020)
Major Campaigns
General Election 2020 and cycling
To put cycling on the agenda https://cyclist.ie/2020/10/cyclist-ie-10-asks-budget-2021/
To assess political parties’ manifestos https://cyclist.ie/2020/02/party-rankings-on-cycling-policies/
To get cycling prioritised in the Programme for Government which we succeeded with, crucially in regard to funding. The PfG now includes the following text:
“The Government will commit to an allocation of 10% of the total transport capital budget for cycling projects and an allocation of 10% of the total capital budget for pedestrian infrastructure. The Government’s commitment to cycling and pedestrian projects will be set at 20% of the 2020 capital budget (€360 million) per year for the lifetime of the Government.”
(page 13 of https://drive.google.com/file/d/12TNmlz1a4B56dI31zyixzRT493Cv7sgl/view)
To change our streets in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic https://cyclist.ie/2020/04/coronavirus-change-our-streets-make-safer-streets-for-all/
Get to School on Your Own Fuel (Aug / Sept)
https://cyclist.ie/2020/08/get-to-school-on-your-own-fuel/
https://cyclist.ie/2020/09/get-to-school-media-coverage/
Campaigners from Skibbereen in West Cork including the crew from Cycle Sense, a member group of Cyclist.ie
On the development of a Vision for Cycling in Rural Ireland https://cyclist.ie/2020/11/a-vision-for-cycling-in-rural-ireland/, which was officially launched by Malcolm Noonan, Minister of State at the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage, on 23 Sept 2020.
Bus Connects Projects in Dublin & Galway. Linking in both groups to engage with Designers. 16 routes in Dublin and two in Galway.
Limerick Shannon Metropolitan Area Transport Strategy
Working with Limerick Campaign to highlight the lack of vision and other inadequacies with the strategy. https://cyclist.ie/2020/10/lsmats-submission/
30+ submissions drafted and delivered to government departments, agencies and local authorities on a wide variety of topics – for example on:
The Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport’s Sustainable Mobility Plan – https://cyclist.ie/2020/03/cyclist-ie-submissions-on-new-sustainable-mobility-policy/
Pre-Budget Submission 2021 – https://cyclist.ie/2020/09/pre-budget-2021-submission/
The RSA’s new Road Safety Strategy 2021-30 https://cyclist.ie/2020/11/rsa-road-safety-strategy-2021-2030-submission/
Meetings with Government Departments and Agencies.
These continued online during Covid, including in particular:
Meeting with Minister for Transport, Eamon Ryan, and staff/adviser
Meeting with RSA’s new CEO, Sam Waide
Meeting with NTA (Michael Ahearne)
International
Engaging through the European Cyclists’ Federation on EU level processes related to mobility and road safety. https://ecf.com/.
One of the major successful campaigns in 2020 related to the carriage of bikes on trains – see https://ecf.com/news-and-events/news/breakthrough-all-new-and-refurbished-trains-eu-offer-dedicated-spaces-four
Organisational Achievements / Developments
Growth of the Cyclist.ie network to encompass to 26 Groups https://cyclist.ie/map/
Including the very active new group of Navan Cycling Initiative https://cyclist.ie/2020/06/navan-cycling-initiative-a-brand-new-campaign-group/
And a revival / re-energising of the Waterford Cycling Campaign / Bicycle User Group https://cyclist.ie/2020/11/latest-news-waterford-bug/
Fundraising for the National Cycling Coordinator position, including:
https://cyclist.ie/2020/10/rethink-ireland-fund-success-for-cyclist-ie/
https://cyclist.ie/2020/10/an-taisce-cyclist-ie-ncc-fund/
Building stronger alliances with An Taisce and Cycling Ireland, and advancing campaigns collectively through our membership of the Stop Climate Chaos coalition
Development of a new 5 year strategy for Cyclist.ie supported by professional input and facilitation by Sandra Velthuis from Whitebarn Consulting. Strategy to be adopted on 12 Dec 2020.
Hosting of two Council meetings for our members (plus an additional two special Council meetings regarding our new strategic plan) and eight Executive Committee meetings in 2020.
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Multifuel automobiles, from several manufacturers, popularly known as "flex" autos, that run on any blend of ethanol and gasoline.
Multifuel, sometimes spelled multi-fuel, is any type of engine, boiler, or heater or other fuel-burning device which is designed to burn multiple types of fuels in its operation. One common application of multifuel technology is in military settings, where the normally-used diesel or gas turbine fuel might not be available during combat operations for vehicles or heating units. Multifuel engines and boilers have a long history, but the growing need to establish fuel sources other than petroleum for transportation, heating, and other uses has led to increased development of multifuel technology for non-military use as well, leading to many flexible-fuel vehicle designs in recent decades.
A multifuel engine is constructed so that its compression ratio permits firing the lowest octane fuel of the various accepted alternative fuels. A strengthening of the engine is necessary in order to meet these higher demands.[1][dubious – discuss] Multifuel engines sometimes have switch settings that are set manually to take different octanes, or types, of fuel.[2]
Contents
1 Types
2 Military multifuel engines
3 Non-military usage
4 Underperformance issues
5 See also
6 Footnotes
7 References
Types[edit]
Multifuel systems can be classified by the fuel-burning appliance it resembles most. For internal combustion engines there are:
Multifuel diesel engines.
Multifuel gas turbines.
Flexible-fuel petrol engines. Limited to fuels that can be spark-ignited.
Military multifuel engines[edit]
One common use of this technology is in military vehicles, so that they may run a wide range of alternative fuels such as gasoline or jet fuel. This is seen as desirable in a military setting as enemy action or unit isolation may limit the available fuel supply, and conversely enemy fuel sources, or civilian sources, may become available for usage.[3]
One large use of a military multi-fuel engine was the LD series used in the US M35 2+1⁄2-ton and M54 5-ton trucks built between 1963 and 1970. A military standard design using M.A.N. technology, it was able to use different fuels without preparation.[4][5] Its primary fuel was Diesel #1, #2, or AP, but 70% to 90% of other fuels could be mixed with diesel, depending on how smooth the engine would run. Low octane commercial and aviation gasoline could be used if motor oil was added, jet fuel Jet A, B, JP-4, 5, 7, and 8 could be used, in an emergency fuel oil #1 and #2 could be used.[6] In practice, they only used diesel fuel, their tactical advantage was never needed, and in time they were replaced with commercial diesel engines. Another use of multifuel engines is the American M1 Abrams Main battle tank, which uses a multifuel gas turbine engine.
Currently, a wide range of Russian military vehicles employ multifuel engines, such as the T-72 tank (multifuel diesel) and the T-80 (multifuel gas turbine).
Non-military usage[edit]
Many other types of engines and other heat-generating machinery are designed to burn more than one type of fuel. For instance, some heaters and boilers designed for home use can burn wood, pellets, and other fuel sources. These offer fuel flexibility and security, but are more expensive than are standard single fuel engines.[7] Portable stoves are sometimes designed with multifuel functionality, in order to burn whatever fuel is found during an outing.[8]
The movement to establish alternatives to automobiles running solely on gasoline has greatly increased the number of automobiles available which use multifuel engines, such vehicles generally being termed a bi-fuel vehicle or flexible-fuel vehicle.
Underperformance issues[edit]
Multifuel engines are not necessarily underpowered, but in practice some engines have had issues with power due to design compromises necessary to burn multiple types of fuel in the same engine. Perhaps the most notorious example from a military perspective is the L60 engine used by the British Chieftain Main Battle Tank, which resulted in a very sluggish performance -- in fact, the Mark I Chieftain (used only for training and similar activities) was so underpowered that some were incapable of mounting a tank transporter. An equally serious issue was that changing from one fuel to another often required hours of preparation.[9]
The US LD series had a power output comparable to commercial diesels of the time. It was underpowered for the 5-ton trucks, but that was due the engine size itself; the replacement diesel was much larger and more powerful. The LD engines did burn diesel fuel poorly and were very smokey. The final LDT-465 model received a turbocharger largely to clean up the exhaust, there was little power increase.[10]
See also[edit]
Flexible-fuel vehicle
Footnotes[edit]
^ Taylor, CF. (1985), The Internal-combustion Engine in Theory and Practice. p. 166.
^ Dunstan, S., Chieftain Main Battle Tank. p. 8
^ Dunstan, S., Chieftain. p. 8
^ Crismon (2001), pp. 339, 356
^ Doyle (2003), pp.128-129, 181-182
^ TM 9-2320-209-10-1 pp. 1-20 to 1-23
^ See, for example, Pahl, G., Natural Home Heating: The Complete Guide to Renewable Energy, p. 145, 203.
^ See, for example, Jacobson, C., Expedition Canoeing: A Guide To Canoeing Wild Rivers In North America, p. 131.
^ Dunstan, Chieftain, p. 13
^ Doyle (2003), pp. 128
References[edit]
Crismon, Fred W. (2001). Modern U.S. Military Vehicles. MBI Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7603-0526-3.
Doyle, David (2003). Standard catalog of U.S. Military Vehicles. Krause Publications. ISBN 978-0-87349-508-0.
Dunstan, Simon. Chieftain Main Battle Tank 1965-2003. Osprey Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-84176-719-0
Jacobson, Cliff. Expedition Canoeing: A Guide To Canoeing Wild Rivers In North America. Globe Pequot, 2005. ISBN 0-7627-3809-X
Pahl, Greg. Natural Home Heating: The Complete Guide to Renewable Energy. Chelsea Green Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-931498-22-9
Taylor, Charles Fayette. The Internal-combustion Engine in Theory and Practice. MIT Press, 1985. ISBN 0-262-70027-1
"TM 9-2320-209-10-1 Operation, Installation, and Reference Data Operator's Level 2 1/2-ton, 6x6, M44A1 and M44A2 Series". US Dept. of the Army. 1980. Retrieved 27 Aug 2016.
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0.993678 |
Remove quotes around phrases to search for each word individually. bike shed will often show more results than "bike shed".
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0.993678 |
Remove quotes around phrases to search for each word individually. bike shed will often show more results than "bike shed".
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0.993678 |
Remove quotes around phrases to search for each word individually. bike shed will often show more results than "bike shed".
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0.993678 |
Remove quotes around phrases to search for each word individually. bike shed will often show more results than "bike shed".
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0.947437 |
How come ""On liian kuuma auringossa" was the wrong order (should have been Auringossa on liian kuuma), but here it's the right order for auringossa?
The way things have been explained so far is that I'd have thought this sentence meant "The family is sitting in a sun."
July 20, 2021
Taurelve
287
When a sentence has either a subject or location, I think the most neutral word order doesn't put a third person verb first in the sentence, unless the verb is suffixed with -ko. Right after either the subject or location seems normal.
Both 'Perhe istuu auringossa' and 'Auringossa istuu perhe' seem like alright sentences, though the latter is a better match for 'a family' instead of 'the family'.
As for 'the sun' vs 'a sun', I think while the latter is unlikely semantically, both are grammatically possible translations.
Whether the subject precedes or follows the location has been correlating pretty well with the definite and indefinite articles of the subject, but the location has been translated with both articles when following the subject.
Consider "Elääkö vihreä pöllö metsässä?" "Does the green owl live in a forest?" But 'Puro on metsässä', "The stream is in the forest."
'Pari tyttöä istuu kahvilassa', "A couple of girls are sitting in the café". But 'Istun kahvilassa ja syön piirakkaa', "I am sitting in a café and eating a pie".
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0.999985 |
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If you add too many ingredients at once, they will overlap and steam, rather than sauté, making them rubbery or soggy. “Cook each ingredient separately,” advises Martinez. Not only does this ensure that you won’t pile too much in the pan at once, but it will also account for different cooking times.
How do you keep stir fry from being watery?
5 ways to improve your stir-fries and banish soggy veggies forever: Going Vegan
Recipe included with this story:
Use the right size wok or skillet for the job:
Make sure your veggies are washed and completely dry before cooking:
Cut veggies to the right size:
Make sure your wok is hot before oiling it:
How do you make a stir fry sauce less watery?
Cornstarch! In his book How to Cook Everything Vegetarian, Mark Bittman recommends mixing 1-2 tablespoons of cornstarch with the same amount of water, and tossing this into the stir fry just when it’s almost done. It thickens in seconds, picking up the flavors of everything already in the dish and coating evenly.
IT IS INTERESTING: Does foil make food crispy?
Can you overcook stir fry?
Tossing all the vegetables into the pan at the same time. Not all veggies cook at the same rate, so adding them all to the pan at once will leave you with an unevenly cooked stir-fry. You’ll end up with a mixture of food where some is overcooked and either burnt or soggy, and some that’s undercooked, or even raw.
How do you keep vegetables crispy in stir fry?
Add some neutral oil, like grapeseed, vegetable of peanut oil, which all have a high smoke point. Once the oil shimmers on the surface, it’s hot enough to start stir-frying. Start with your proteins, cooking them in a couple of batches so that you don’t get a “stewed” effect.
What is the best way to cook a stir-fry?
Method
Heat the oil in a large frying pan or wok and fry the garlic and chicken, until browned all over. Add the pepper to the pan and stir-fry for 2-3 minutes.
Stir in the soy sauce, mangetout and chicken stock. Continue to stir-fry over a medium-high heat for 3-4 minutes, or until the chicken is cooked through.
How do you thicken soy sauce for stir fry?
Mix a small amount of cornstarch and water in a bowl until it’s completely incorporated and then add it to your sauce. Cook over medium heat until its thick and bubbly. Remove from heat and the mixture will thicken even more as it cools.
How can I thicken stir fry without cornstarch?
Combine equal parts of flour and cold water in a cup. Mix it until it’s smooth and stir it into the sauce. Bring the sauce to a simmer for 5 minutes. A general rule is use 2 tsp (3 grams) of flour to thicken 1 L (34 fl oz) of liquid.
IT IS INTERESTING: Frequent question: What can I use instead of greaseproof paper for baking?
How do you thicken stir fry sauce without cornstarch?
How do you thicken stir fry sauce without cornstarch? Combine equal parts of flour and cold water in a cup. Mix it until it’s smooth and stir it into the sauce. Bring the sauce to a simmer for 5 minutes.
How do you stir-fry vegetables without burning them?
Heat oil in your wok or frying pan until it is shimmering. Add your aromatics to the hot oil. Keep stirring to avoid burning. Fry for 30 seconds and don’t let the garlic burn.
Why are my stir-fry vegetables soggy?
For perfectly cooked meat, tofu, tempeh, and/or vegetables, you want to make sure that the pan is not crowded. If you add too many ingredients at once, they will overlap and steam, rather than sauté, making them rubbery or soggy.
What is the best oil to use for stir-fry?
So many different oils, the good news is you can stick with what you know – canola is great! The best oils for stir frys are the oils with the higher smoke points. These tend to be the “thinner” oils such as peanut, grapeseed or canola.
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Field Marshal FitzRoy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, GCB, PC (30 September 1788 – 29 June 1855), known before 1852 as Lord FitzRoy Somerset, was a British Army officer. As a junior officer he served in the Peninsular War and the Hundred Days, latterly as military secretary to the Duke of Wellington. He also took part in politics as Tory Member of Parliament for Truro before becoming Master-General of the Ordnance. He became commander of the British troops sent to the Crimea in 1854: while his primary objective was to defend Constantinople he was ordered to besiege the Russian Port of Sevastopol. After an early success at the Battle of Alma, a failure to deliver orders with sufficient clarity caused the fateful Charge of the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava. Despite further success at the Battle of Inkerman, a piecemeal allied assault on Sevastopol in June 1855 was a complete failure. Raglan died later that month from a mixture of dysentery and clinical depression.
Early life
Born the eighth and youngest son of Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort by Elizabeth Somerset (daughter of Admiral the Hon. Edward Boscawen),[1] Somerset was educated at Westminster School and was commissioned as a cornet in the 4th Light Dragoons on 16 June 1804.[2]
Military career
Promoted to lieutenant on 1 June 1805,[3] Somerset accompanied Sir Arthur Paget on his visit to Sultan Selim III of the Ottoman Empire, who had been aligning himself too closely with France, in 1807.[4] He became a captain in the 43rd Regiment of Foot on 5 May 1808 shortly before his appointment as aide-de-camp to Sir Arthur Wellesley in July 1808.[1] Somerset accompanied Wellesley's Army when it was sent to Portugal later that month.[1] Somerset fought at the Second Battle of Porto in May 1809, the Battle of Talavera in July 1809 and the Battle of Bussaco (where he was wounded) in September 1810.[1] He was appointed acting military secretary to Wellington in November 1810 and fought with him at the Battle of Pombal in March 1811, the Battle of Sabugal in April 1811 and the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro in May 1811.[1] Promoted to brevet major on 9 June 1811, he also took part in the Battle of El Bodón in September 1811.[1] He specially distinguished himself at the storming of Badajoz in March 1812 by being the first to mount the breach and by helping to secure the surrender of the French Governor and was duly promoted to lieutenant colonel on 27 April 1812.[4]
Somerset went on to fight with Wellington at the Battle of Salamanca in July 1812, the Siege of Burgos in September 1812 and the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 as well as the Siege of San Sebastián in July 1813, the Battle of the Pyrenees in July 1813 and the Battle of Nivelle in November 1813.[1] They also fought together at the Battle of the Nive in December 1813, the Battle of Orthez in February 1814 and the Battle of Toulouse in April 1814.[1] Following Wellington's appointment as British Ambassador during the short period of Bourbon restoration, Somerset assumed a role as his secretary at the Embassy on 5 July 1814.[5] Somerset transferred to the 1st Guards on 25 July 1814 and was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 2 January 1815.[6]
FitzRoy James Henry Somerset, by William Haines
Somerset also saw action during the Hundred Days: he served on Wellington's staff at the Battle of Quatre Bras on 16 June 1815 and at the Battle of Waterloo two days later (where he had to have his right arm amputated[7] and then demanded his arm back so he could retrieve the ring that his wife had given him).[8] Promoted to colonel and appointed an aide-de-camp to the Prince Regent on 28 August 1815,[9] he was appointed a Knight of the Bavarian Military Order of Max Joseph on 3 October 1815.[10] He remained with the Army of Occupation in France until May 1816 when he returned to the post of secretary at the British Embassy in Paris.[11]
Somerset was elected Tory Member of Parliament for Truro in 1818[12] and became Wellington's secretary in the latter's new capacity as Master-General of the Ordnance in 1819.[8] Somerset lost his seat at the general election in 1820 but, having been promoted to major-general on 27 May 1825,[13] regained his seat in Parliament in 1826.[14] Following Wellington's appointment as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in January 1827 Somerset became Military Secretary in August 1827.[15] He stood down from Parliament in 1829 and was promoted to lieutenant-general on 28 June 1838.[16] Advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 24 September 1852, he became Master-General of the Ordnance on 30 September 1852[17] and was raised to the peerage as Baron Raglan of Raglan in the County of Monmouthshire on 11 October 1852.[18]
Crimean War
Field Marshal Fitzroy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan, 1855
Raglan became commander of the British troops sent to the Crimea with the temporary rank of full general on 21 February 1854[19] and was promoted to the substantive rank of full general on 20 June 1854.[20] While Raglan's primary objective was to defend Constantinople he was ordered by the Duke of Newcastle, who was at the time Secretary of State for War, to besiege the Russian Port of Sevastopol "unless it could not be undertaken with a reasonable prospect of success".[21] An Anglo-French force under the joint command of Somerset and General Jacques St. Arnaud defeated General Alexander Menshikov's Russian army at the Battle of Alma in September 1854.[8]
At the Battle of Balaclava in October 1854, Raglan issued an order to the Earl of Lucan, his cavalry commander, who in turn ordered the Earl of Cardigan, a subordinate commander who happened to be Lucan's brother-in-law and who detested him, to lead the fateful Charge of the Light Brigade leading to some 278 British casualties.[22] Despite an indecisive result at Balaclava the British and French allied army gained a victory at the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 and Raglan was promoted to the rank of field marshal on 5 November 1854.[23] He was also awarded the Ottoman Empire Order of the Medjidie, 1st Class on 15 May 1855.[24]
Raglan was blamed by the press and the government for the sufferings of the British soldiers in the terrible Crimean winter during the Siege of Sevastopol owing to shortages of food and clothing[25] although this, in part, was the fault of the home authorities who failed to provide adequate logistical support.[4] A piecemeal allied assault on Sevastopol on 18 June 1855 was a complete failure.[4] The anxieties of the siege began to seriously undermine Raglan's health and he died from a mixture of dysentery and clinical depression on 29 June 1855.[4] His body was brought home and interred at St Michael and All Angels Church, Badminton.[8]
Emily Harriet Wellesley-Pole, Lady FitzRoy Somerset (after Thomas Lawrence)
Blue plaque at Stanhope Gate, London
Raglan had also served as honorary colonel of the 53rd Regiment of Foot[26] and then as honorary colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards (The Blues).[27] Cefntilla Court, Llandenny was built as a lasting memorial to Somerset in 1858: an inscription over the porch there reads:[28]
"This house with 238 acres of land was purchased by 1623 of the friends, admirers and comrades in arms of the late Field Marshal Lord Raglan GCB and presented by them to his son and his heirs for ever in a lasting memorial of affectionate regard and respect."
A blue plaque was erected outside Raglan's house at Stanhope Gate in London in 1911.[29]
Family
On 6 August 1814 Somerset married Lady Emily Harriet Wellesley-Pole (daughter of the William Wellesley-Pole, 3rd Earl of Mornington and niece of the Duke of Wellington). They had two sons:[30]
Arthur William FitzRoy Somerset (6 May 1816 – 21 December 1845)
Richard Henry Fitzroy Somerset, 2nd Baron Raglan (24 May 1817 – May 1884)
Ancestry
Ancestors of FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan
Charles Somerset, Marquess of Worcester
Henry Somerset, 2nd Duke of Beaufort
Rebecca Child
Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort
Wriothesley Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough
Rachel Noel
Catherine Greville
Henry Somerset, 5th Duke of Beaufort
Richard Berkeley
John Symes Berkeley
Elizabeth Symes
Elizabeth Berkeley
Walter Norborne
Elizabeth Norborne
Frances Bacon
FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan
Edward Boscawen (MP)
Hugh Boscawen, 1st Viscount Falmouth
Jael Godolphin
Admiral Rt. Hon. Edward Boscawen
Col. Charles Godfrey
Charlotte Godfrey
Arabella Churchill
Elizabeth Boscawen
George Evelyn, MP for Bletchingley
William Evelyn Glanville, High Sheriff of Kent
Frances Broomhall
Frances Evelyn Glanville
William Glanville, Barrister of Middle Temple
Frances Glanville
Frances Hales
Cinematic portrayal
Raglan was portrayed by Sir John Gielgud in the film The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968).[31]
See also
Raglan sleeve
References
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Heathcote, p. 267
↑ The London Gazette: no. 15710. p. 726. 12 June 1804. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 15811. p. 718. 28 May 1805. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
1 2 3 4 5 "FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 16914. p. 1371. 5 July 1814. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 16972. p. 20. 4 January 1815. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 17028. p. 1216. 22 June 1815. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
1 2 3 4 Heathcote, p. 268
↑ The London Gazette: no. 17057. p. 1787. 2 September 1815. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 17067. p. 2025. 3 October 1815. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 17137. p. 931. 18 May 1816. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 17384. p. 1377. 1 August 1818. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 18141. p. 926. 28 May 1825. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 18269. p. 1787. 18 July 1826. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 18391. p. 1827. 28 August 1827. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 19631. p. 1489. 3 July 1838. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21363. p. 2591. 1 October 1852. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21366. p. 2663. 12 October 1852. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21524. p. 515. 21 February 1854. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21564. p. 1931. 22 June 1854. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ Hibbert, p. 56
↑ Calthorpe, p. 132
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21630. p. 3593. 21 November 1854. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21714. p. 1915. 18 May 1855. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ Martin, p. 181
↑ The London Gazette: no. 18747. p. 2420. 19 November 1830. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ The London Gazette: no. 21551. p. 1442. 9 May 1854. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ "How a family feud threatened the legacy of a Crimean War leader". Financial Times. 27 December 2013. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ "Lord Fitzroy Somerset Raglan, 1st Baron lived here". Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ "FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan". The Peerage.com. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
↑ "The Charge of the Light Brigade (1968)". http://www.imdb.com/. IMDB. Retrieved 8 August 2014. External link in |website= (help)
Sources
Calthorpe, Somerset John Gough (1857). Letters from Headquarters: Or, The Realities of the War in the Crimea, by an Officer on the Staff. London: John Murray.
Heathcote, Tony (1999). The British Field Marshals, 1736–1997: A Biographical Dictionary. Barnsley: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-696-5.
Hibbert, Christopher (1999). The Destruction of Lord Raglan. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1840222098.
Martin, Theodore (1877). The Life of His Royal Highness the Prince Consort, Volume III. Smith Elder & Co, London.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Sir George Warrender, Bt
George Dashwood Member of Parliament for Truro
1818–1820
With: William Edward Tomline Succeeded by
Sir Hussey Vivian
William Gossett
Preceded by
Sir Hussey Vivian
William Gossett Member of Parliament for Truro
1826–1829
With: William Edward Tomline Succeeded by
Viscount Encombe
Nathaniel Peach
Military offices
Preceded by
Sir Herbert Taylor Military Secretary
1827–1852 Succeeded by
Richard Airey
Preceded by
The Marquess of Anglesey Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards (The Blues)
1854–1855 Succeeded by
The Viscount Gough
Political offices
Preceded by
The Viscount Hardinge Master-General of the Ordnance
1852–1855 Succeeded by
Office abolished
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Raglan
1852–1855 Succeeded by
Richard Somerset
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 59890228
LCCN: n93016289
GND: 119248034
SUDOC: 13303061X
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/19/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.
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Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette (French pronunciation: [maʁki də la fajɛt]; 6 September 1757 – 20 May 1834), in the U.S. often known simply as Lafayette, was a French aristocrat and military officer who fought in the American Revolutionary War. A close friend of George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson, Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830.
Born in Chavaniac, in the province of Auvergne in south central France, Lafayette came from a wealthy landowning family. He followed its martial tradition, and was commissioned an officer at age 13. He became convinced that the American cause in its revolutionary war was noble, and travelled to the New World seeking glory in it. There, he was made a major general, though initially the 19-year-old was not given troops to command. Wounded during the Battle of Brandywine, he still managed to organize an orderly retreat. He served with distinction in the Battle of Rhode Island. In the middle of the war, he returned home to lobby for an increase in French support. He again sailed to America in 1780, and was given senior positions in the Continental Army. In 1781, troops in Virginia under his command blocked forces led by Cornwallis until other American and French forces could position themselves for the decisive Siege of Yorktown.
Lafayette returned to France and, in 1787, was appointed to the Assembly of Notables convened in response to the fiscal crisis. He was elected a member of the Estates-General of 1789, where representatives met from the three traditional orders of French society—the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. He helped write the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, with the assistance of Thomas Jefferson. After the storming of the Bastille, Lafayette was appointed commander-in-chief of the National Guard, and tried to steer a middle course through the French Revolution. In August 1792, the radical factions ordered his arrest. Fleeing through the Austrian Netherlands, he was captured by Austrian troops and spent more than five years in prison.
Lafayette returned to France after Napoleon Bonaparte secured his release in 1797, though he refused to participate in Napoleon's government. After the Bourbon Restoration of 1814, he became a liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, a position he held for most of the remainder of his life. In 1824, President James Monroe invited Lafayette to the United States as the nation's guest; during the trip, he visited all twenty-four states in the union at the time, meeting a rapturous reception. During France's July Revolution of 1830, Lafayette declined an offer to become the French dictator. Instead, he supported Louis-Philippe as king, but turned against him when the monarch became autocratic. Lafayette died on 20 May 1834, and is buried in Picpus Cemetery in Paris, under soil from Bunker Hill. For his accomplishments in the service of both France and the United States, he is sometimes known as "The Hero of the Two Worlds".
Early life
Further information: La Fayette family
Lafayette was born on 6 September 1757 to Michel Louis Christophe Roch Gilbert Paulette du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette, colonel of grenadiers, and Marie Louise Jolie de La Rivière, at the château de Chavaniac, in Chavaniac-Lafayette, near Le Puy-en-Velay, in the province of Auvergne (now Haute-Loire).[1][lower-alpha 1]
Lafayette's birthplace in Chavaniac, Auvergne
Lafayette's wife, Marie Adrienne Francoise
Lafayette's lineage was likely one of the oldest and most distinguished in Auvergne, perhaps in all of France. Males of the Lafayette family enjoyed a reputation for courage and chivalry, and were noted for their contempt for danger.[2] One of Lafayette's early ancestors, Gilbert de Lafayette III, a Marshal of France, had been a companion-at-arms of Joan of Arc's army during the Siege of Orléans in 1429. According to legend, another ancestor acquired the crown of thorns during the Sixth Crusade.[3] His non-Lafayette ancestors are also notable; his great-grandfather (his mother's maternal grandfather) was the Comte de La Rivière, until his death in 1770 commander of the Mousquetaires du Roi, or Black Musketeers, King Louis XV's personal horse guard.[4] Lafayette's paternal uncle Jacques-Roch died on 18 January 1734 while fighting the Austrians at Milan in the War of the Polish Succession; upon his death, the title of marquis passed to his brother Michel.[5]
Lafayette's father likewise died on the battlefield. On 1 August 1759, Michel de Lafayette was struck by a cannonball while fighting a British-led coalition at the Battle of Minden in Westphalia.[6] Lafayette became marquis and Lord of Chavaniac, but the estate went to his mother.[6] Perhaps devastated by the loss of her husband, she went to live in Paris with her father and grandfather,[4] leaving Lafayette to be raised in Chavaniac-Lafayette by his paternal grandmother, Mme de Chavaniac, who had brought the château into the family with her dowry.[5]
In 1768, when Lafayette was 11, he was summoned to Paris to live with his mother and great-grandfather at the comte's apartments in Luxembourg Palace. The boy was sent to school at the Collège du Plessis, part of the University of Paris, and it was decided that he would carry on the family martial tradition.[7] The comte, the boy's great-grandfather, enrolled the boy in a program to train future Musketeers.[8] Lafayette's mother and great-grandfather died, on 3 and 24 April 1770 respectively, leaving Lafayette an income of 25,000 livres. Upon the death of an uncle, the 12-year-old Lafayette inherited a handsome yearly income of 120,000 livres.[6]
In May 1771, aged less than 14, Lafayette was commissioned an officer in the Musketeers, with the rank of sous-lieutenant. His duties, which included marching in military parades and presenting himself to King Louis, were mostly ceremonial and he continued his studies as usual.[9]
At this time, Jean-Paul-François de Noailles, Duc d'Ayen was looking to marry off some of his five daughters. The young Lafayette, aged 14, seemed a good match for his 12-year-old daughter, Marie Adrienne Françoise, and the duc spoke to the boy's guardian (Lafayette's uncle, the new comte) to negotiate a deal.[10] However, the arranged marriage was opposed by the duc's wife, who felt the couple, and especially her daughter, were too young. The matter was settled by agreeing not to mention the marriage plans for two years, during which time the two spouses-to-be would meet from time to time in casual settings and get to know each other better.[11] The scheme worked; the two fell in love, and were happy together from the time of their marriage in 1774 until her death in 1807.[12]
Departure from France
Finding a cause
Statue of Lafayette in front of the Governor Palace in Metz, where he decided to join the American cause
After the marriage contract was signed in 1773, Lafayette lived with his young wife in his father-in-law's house in Versailles. He continued his education, both at the riding school Versailles (his fellow students included the future Charles X) and at the prestigious Académie de Versailles. He was given a commission as a lieutenant in the Noailles Dragoons in April 1773,[13] the transfer from the royal regiment being done at the request of Lafayette's father-in-law.[14]
In 1775, Lafayette took part in his unit's annual training in Metz, where he met Charles-François de Broglie, Marquis de Ruffec, the Army of the East's commander. At dinner, both men discussed the ongoing revolt against British rule by Britain's North American colonies. One historiographical perspective suggests that the marquis was disposed to hate the British for killing his father, and felt that a British defeat would diminish that nation's stature internationally.[15] Another notes that the marquis had recently become a Freemason, and talk of the rebellion "fired his chivalric—and now Masonic—imagination with descriptions of Americans as 'people fighting for liberty'".[16]
1879 Alonzo Chappel print of Lafayette (center) being introduced by Baron Johann de Kalb (left) to Silas Deane
In September 1775, when Lafayette turned 18, he returned to Paris and received the captaincy in the Dragoons he had been promised as a wedding present. In December, his first child, Henriette, was born. During these months, Lafayette became convinced that the American Revolution reflected his own beliefs,[17] saying "My heart was dedicated."[18]
The year 1776 saw delicate negotiations between American agents, including Silas Deane, and Louis XVI and his foreign minister, Comte Charles de Vergennes. The king and his minister hoped that by supplying the Americans with arms and officers, they might restore French influence in North America, and exact revenge against Britain for the loss in the Seven Years' War. When Lafayette heard that French officers were being sent to America, he demanded to be among them. He met Deane, and gained inclusion despite his youth. On 7 December 1776, Deane enlisted Lafayette as a major general.[19]
The plan to send French officers (as well as other aid) to America came to nothing when the British heard of it and threatened war. Lafayette's father-in-law, de Noailles, scolded the young man and told him to go to London and visit the Marquis de Noailles, the ambassador to Britain and Lafayette's uncle by marriage, which he did in February 1777. In the interim, he did not abandon his plans to go to America. Lafayette was presented to George III, and spent three weeks in London society. On his return to France, he went into hiding from his father-in-law (and superior officer), writing to him that he was planning to go to America. De Noailles was furious, and convinced Louis to issue a decree forbidding French officers from serving in America, specifically naming Lafayette. Vergennes may have persuaded the king to order Lafayette's arrest, though this is uncertain.[20]
Departure for America
Monument of departure of Lafayette in 1777 at Pauillac
Lafayette learned that the Continental Congress did not have the money for his voyage; hence, he acquired the sailing ship Victoire with his own funds[21] for 112 000 pounds.[22] He journeyed to Bordeaux, where Victoire was being prepared for her trip, and sent word asking for information on his family's reaction. The response, including letters from his wife and other relatives, threw Lafayette into emotional turmoil. Soon after departure, he ordered the ship turned around and returned to Bordeaux, to the frustration of the officers traveling with him. The army commander there ordered Lafayette to report to his father-in-law's regiment in Marseilles. De Broglie, who hoped to become a military and political leader in America, met with Lafayette in Bordeaux and convinced him that the government actually wanted him to go. This was not true, though there was considerable public support for Lafayette in Paris, where the American cause was popular. Lafayette wanted to believe it, and pretended to comply with the order to report to Marseilles, going only a few miles east before turning around and returning to his ship. Victoire set sail for the United States on 20 April 1777.[23]
The two-month journey to the New World was marked by seasickness and boredom.[24] The ship's captain, Lebourcier,[22] intended to stop in the West Indies to sell cargo, but Lafayette, fearful of arrest, bought the cargo to avoid docking at the islands.[25] He landed on North Island near Georgetown, South Carolina, on 13 June 1777.[26][27]
American Revolution
Main articles: Franco-American alliance and France in the American Revolutionary War
On arrival, Lafayette met Major Benjamin Huger, a wealthy landowner, with whom he stayed for two weeks before going to Philadelphia. The Continental Congress had been overwhelmed by French officers recruited by Deane, many of whom could not speak English or lacked military experience. Lafayette had learned some English en route (he became fluent within a year of his arrival), and his Masonic membership opened many doors in Philadelphia. After Lafayette offered to serve without pay, Congress commissioned him a major general on 31 July 1777.[28][29] Lafayette's advocates included the recently arrived American envoy to France, Benjamin Franklin, who by letter urged Congress to accommodate the young Frenchman.[30]
The Marquis de Lafayette first meets George Washington on 5 August 1777.
General George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army, came to Philadelphia to brief Congress on military affairs. Lafayette met him at a dinner on 5 August 1777; according to Leepson, "the two men bonded almost immediately."[31] Washington was impressed by the young man's enthusiasm and was inclined to think well of a fellow Mason; Lafayette was simply in awe of the commanding general.[31] General Washington took the Frenchman to view his military camp; when Washington expressed embarrassment at its state and that of the troops, Lafayette responded, "I am here to learn, not to teach."[32] He became a member of Washington's staff, although confusion existed regarding his status. Congress regarded his commission as honorary, while he considered himself a full-fledged commander who would be given control of a division when Washington deemed him prepared. Washington told Lafayette that a division would not be possible as he was of foreign birth, but that he would be happy to hold him in confidence as "friend and father".[33]
Brandywine, Valley Forge, and Albany
Further information: Battle of Brandywine and Valley Forge
Lafayette wounded at the battle of Brandywine
Lafayette's first battle was at Brandywine on 11 September 1777.[34] The British commanding general, General Sir William Howe, planned to take Philadelphia by moving troops south by ship to Chesapeake Bay (rather than the heavily defended Delaware Bay) and bringing them overland to the rebel capital.[35] After the British outflanked the Americans, Washington sent Lafayette to join General John Sullivan. Upon his arrival, Lafayette went with the Third Pennsylvania Brigade, under Brigadier Thomas Conway, and attempted to rally the unit to face the attack. The British and Hessian forces continued to advance with their superior forces, and Lafayette was shot in the leg. During the American retreat, Lafayette rallied the troops, allowing a more orderly pullback, before being treated for his wound.[36] After the battle, Washington cited him for "bravery and military ardour" and recommended him for the command of a division in a letter to Congress, which was hastily evacuating, as the British took Philadelphia later that month.[26]
Lafayette returned to the field in November after two months of recuperation in the Moravian settlement of Bethlehem, and received command of the division previously led by Major General Adam Stephen.[37] He assisted General Nathanael Greene in reconnaissance of British positions in New Jersey; with 300 soldiers, he defeated a numerically superior Hessian force in Gloucester, on 24 November 1777.[38]
John Ward Dunsmore's depiction of Lafayette (right) and Washington at Valley Forge
Lafayette stayed at Washington's encampment at Valley Forge in the winter of 1777–78, and shared the hardship of his troops.[39] There, the Board of War, led by Horatio Gates, asked Lafayette to prepare an invasion of Quebec from Albany, New York. When Lafayette arrived in Albany, he found too few men to mount an invasion. He wrote to Washington of the situation, and made plans to return to Valley Forge. Before departing, he recruited the Oneida tribe, who referred to Lafayette as Kayewla (fearsome horseman), to the American side.[26] In Valley Forge, he criticized the board's decision to attempt an invasion of Quebec in winter. The Continental Congress agreed, and Gates left the board.[40] Meanwhile, treaties signed by America and France were made public in March 1778, and France formally recognized American independence.[3]
Barren Hill, Monmouth and Rhode Island
Further information: Battle of Barren Hill, Battle of Monmouth, and Battle of Rhode Island
Map of the Battle of Barren Hilll by Michel Capitaine du Chesnoy, aide-de-camp to Lafayette
Faced with the prospect of French intervention, the British sought to concentrate their land and naval forces in one location, New York City.[41] In May 1778, the British began to evacuate Philadelphia. On 18 May, Washington dispatched Lafayette with a 2,200-man force to reconnoiter near Barren Hill, Pennsylvania. The next day, the British heard that Lafayette had made camp nearby and sent 5,000 men to trap and capture him. On 20 May, General Howe led a further 6,000 soldiers and ordered an attack on his left flank. The flank scattered, and Lafayette organized a retreat while the British remained indecisive. To feign numerical superiority, Lafayette ordered men to appear from the woods on an outcropping (now Lafayette Hill) and to fire upon the British periodically.[42] Lafayette's troops simultaneously escaped via a sunken road,[43] and he was then able to cross Matson's Ford with the remainder of his force.[44]
Map of the Battle of Monmouth by Michel Capitaine du Chesnoy, aide-de-camp to Lafayette
Unable to trap Lafayette, the British marched from Philadelphia toward New York; the Continental Army, including Lafayette, followed and finally attacked at Monmouth Courthouse,[3] in central New Jersey. At Monmouth, Washington appointed General Charles Lee to lead the attacking force. On 28 June, Lee moved against the British flank; however, soon after fighting began, he gave conflicting orders, causing chaos in the American ranks. Lafayette sent a message to Washington to urge him to the front; upon his arrival he found Lee's men in retreat. Washington relieved Lee, took command, and rallied the American force. After suffering significant casualties at Monmouth, the British withdrew in the night, and successfully reached New York.[45]
The French fleet arrived at Delaware Bay on 8 July 1778, under Admiral d'Estaing, with whom General Washington planned to attack Newport, Rhode Island, the other major British base in the north. Lafayette and General Greene were sent with a 3,000-man force to participate in the attack. Lafayette wanted to control a joint Franco-American force but was rebuffed by the admiral. On 9 August, the American land force attacked the British without consulting d'Estaing. When the Americans asked the admiral to place his ships in Narragansett Bay, d'Estaing refused and, at sea, sought to defeat the British fleet.[1] The fighting was inconclusive as a storm scattered and damaged both fleets.[26]
A 1778 French military map showing the positions of generals Lafayette and Sullivan around Narragansett Bay on August 30.
D'Estaing moved his ships north to Boston for repairs. When the fleet arrived, it faced an angry demonstration from Bostonians who considered the French departure from Newport a desertion. John Hancock and Lafayette were dispatched to calm the situation. Lafayette then returned to Rhode Island to prepare the retreat made necessary by d'Estaing's departure. For these actions, Lafayette was cited by the Continental Congress for "gallantry, skill, and prudence".[26] Lafayette wanted to expand the war to fight the British elsewhere in North America and even, under the French flag, in Europe, but found little interest in his proposals. In October 1778, he requested permission of Washington and of Congress to go home on leave. They agreed, with Congress voting to give Lafayette a ceremonial sword, to be presented to him in France. His departure was delayed by illness, and he sailed for France in January 1779.[46]
Return to France
In February 1779, Lafayette reached Paris. For disobeying the king by going to America, he was placed under house arrest for eight days.[26] This was merely face-saving by Louis XVI; Lafayette was given a hero's welcome and was soon invited to hunt with the king.[47] As the American envoy was ill, Benjamin Franklin's grandson presented Lafayette with the gold-encrusted sword commissioned by the Continental Congress.[48]
Lafayette pushed for an invasion of Britain, with himself to have a major command in the French forces. Spain was now France's ally against Britain, and sent ships to the English Channel in support. The Spanish ships did not arrive until August 1779, to be met by a faster squadron of British ships that the combined French and Spanish fleet could not catch. In September, the idea of an invasion was abandoned, and Lafayette turned his hopes to a return to America.[49]
In December 1779, Adrienne gave birth to a son they named Georges Washington Lafayette.[50] Working with Benjamin Franklin, Lafayette secured the promise of 6,000 soldiers to be sent to America, commanded by General Jean-Baptiste de Rochambeau.[26] Lafayette would resume his position as a major general of American forces, serving as liaison between Rochambeau and Washington, who would be in command of both nations' forces. In March 1780, Lafayette departed for America aboard the frigate Hermione,[51][52] from Rochefort. He arrived in Boston on 27 April 1780.[53]
French frigate Hermione that brought Lafayette to America in 1780
Second voyage to America
On his return, Lafayette found the American cause at a low ebb, rocked by several military defeats, especially in the south.[54] Lafayette was greeted in Boston with enthusiasm, seen as "a knight in shining armor from the chivalric past, come to save the nation".[55] He journeyed southwest and on 10 May 1780 had a joyous reunion with Washington at Morristown, New Jersey. The general and his officers were delighted to hear that the large French force promised to Lafayette would be coming to their aid.[56] Washington, aware of Lafayette's popularity, had him write (with Alexander Hamilton to correct his spelling) to state officials to urge them to provide more troops and provisions to the Continental Army.[57] This bore fruit in the coming months, as Lafayette awaited the arrival of the French fleet.[58] However, when the fleet arrived, there were fewer men and supplies than expected, and Rochambeau decided to wait for reinforcements before seeking battle with the British. This was unsatisfactory to Lafayette, who proposed grandiose schemes for the taking of New York City and other areas, and Rochambeau briefly refused to receive Lafayette until the young man apologized. Washington counseled the marquis to be patient.[59]
The young Marquis de Lafayette wears the uniform of a major general of the Continental Army. Painting by Charles Willson Peale
That summer Washington placed Lafayette in charge of a division of troops. The marquis spent lavishly on his command, which patrolled Northern New Jersey and adjacent New York State. Lafayette saw no significant action, and in November, Washington disbanded the division, sending the soldiers back to their state regiments. The war continued badly for the Americans, with most battles in the south going against them, and General Benedict Arnold abandoning them for the British side.[60]
Lafayette spent the first part of the winter of 1780–81 in Philadelphia, where the American Philosophical Society elected him its first foreign member. Congress asked him to return to France to lobby for more men and supplies, but Lafayette refused, sending letters instead.[61]
After the Continental victory at the Battle of Cowpens in South Carolina in January 1781, Washington ordered Lafayette to re-form his force in Philadelphia and go south to Virginia to link up with troops commanded by Baron von Steuben. The combined force was to try to trap British forces commanded by Benedict Arnold, with French ships preventing his escape by sea. If Lafayette was successful, Arnold was to be summarily hanged. British command of the seas prevented the plan, though Lafayette and a small part of his force (the rest left behind in Annapolis) was able to reach von Steuben in Yorktown, Virginia. Von Steuben sent a plan to Washington, proposing to use land forces and French ships to trap the main British force under Lord Cornwallis. When he received no new orders from Washington, Lafayette began to move his troops north toward Philadelphia, only to be ordered to Virginia to assume military command there. An outraged Lafayette assumed he was being abandoned in a backwater while decisive battles took place elsewhere, and objected to his orders in vain. He also sent letters to the Chevalier de la Luzerne, French ambassador in Philadelphia, describing how ill-supplied his troops were. As Lafayette hoped, la Luzerne sent his letter on to France with a recommendation of massive French aid, which, after being approved by the king, would play a crucial part in the battles to come. Washington, fearing a letter might be captured by the British, could not tell Lafayette that he planned to trap Cornwallis in a decisive campaign.[62]
Virginia and Yorktown
Further information: Yorktown campaign and Siege of Yorktown
A map of key sites in the Battle of Yorktown
Lafayette evaded Cornwallis' attempts to capture him in Richmond.[63] In June 1781, Cornwallis received orders from London to proceed to the Chesapeake Bay and to oversee construction of a port, in preparation for an overland attack on Philadelphia.[63] As the British column travelled, Lafayette sent small squads that would appear unexpectedly, attacking the rear guard or foraging parties, and giving the impression that his forces were larger than they were.[64]
On 4 July, the British left Williamsburg and prepared to cross the James River. Cornwallis sent only an advance guard to the south side of the river, hiding many of his other troops in the forest on the north side, hoping to ambush Lafayette. On 6 July, Lafayette ordered General "Mad" Anthony Wayne to strike British troops on the north side with roughly 800 soldiers. Wayne found himself vastly outnumbered, and, instead of retreating, led a bayonet charge. The charge bought time for the Americans, and the British did not pursue. The Battle of Green Spring was a victory for Cornwallis, but the American army was bolstered by the display of courage by the men.[63][65]
By August, Cornwallis had established the British at Yorktown, and Lafayette took up position on Malvern Hill, stationing artillery surrounding the British, who were close to the York River, and who had orders to construct fortifications to protect the British ships in Hampton Roads. Lafayette's containment trapped the British when the French fleet arrived and won the Battle of the Virginia Capes, depriving Cornwallis of naval protection.[3][66][67] On 14 September 1781, Washington's forces joined Lafayette's. On 28 September, with the French fleet blockading the British, the combined forces laid siege to Yorktown. On 14 October, Lafayette's 400 men on the American right took Redoubt 9 after Alexander Hamilton's forces had charged Redoubt 10 in hand-to-hand combat. These two redoubts were key to breaking the British defenses.[65] After a failed British counter-attack, Cornwallis surrendered on 19 October 1781.[68]
Hero of two worlds
Although Yorktown was to be the last major land battle of the American Revolution, the British still held several major port cities. Lafayette wanted to lead expeditions on them, but Washington felt he would be more useful seeking additional naval support from France. In Philadelphia, Congress appointed him its advisor to the three American envoys abroad—Franklin in Paris, John Jay in Madrid, and John Adams in The Hague, "to communicate and agree on everything with him". It also sent Louis XVI an official letter of commendation on the marquis's behalf.[69]
Lafayette left Boston for France on 18 December 1781. On arrival he was welcomed as a hero, and on 22 January 1782 he was received at Versailles. He witnessed the birth of his daughter, whom he named Marie-Antoinette Virginie upon Thomas Jefferson's recommendation.[70][71] He was promoted to maréchal de camp, skipping numerous ranks.[72] He was made a Knight of the Order of Saint Louis. In 1782, with no treaty yet signed ending the war, Lafayette helped prepare for a combined French and Spanish expedition against the British West Indies. The Treaty of Paris signed between Great Britain and the U.S. in 1783 made the expedition unnecessary—Lafayette took part in the negotiations.[73][74]
Lafayette worked with Jefferson to establish trade agreements between the U.S. and France. These negotiations aimed to reduce the U.S. debt to France.[75] He joined the French abolitionist group Society of the Friends of the Blacks, which advocated the end of the slave trade and equal rights for free blacks. In 1783, in correspondence with Washington, a slave owner, he urged the emancipation of slaves and their establishment as tenant farmers.[76] Although Washington declined to free his slaves (though expressing interest in the young man's ideas), Lafayette purchased land in French Guiana for a plantation to house the project.[77]
Lafayette and Washington at Mt. Vernon, 1784
In 1784, Lafayette visited America, where he enjoyed an enthusiastic welcome; he visited all the states except Georgia.[78] The trip included a visit to Washington's farm at Mount Vernon on 17 August. Lafayette addressed the Virginia House of Delegates, where he called for "liberty of all mankind" and urged emancipation of slaves.[79] Lafayette urged the Pennsylvania Legislature to help form a federal union (the states were then bound by the Articles of Confederation). He visited the Mohawk Valley in New York to participate in peace negotiations with the Iroquois, some of whom he had met in 1778.[80] Lafayette received an honorary degree from Harvard, a portrait of Washington from the city of Boston, and a bust from the state of Virginia. Maryland's legislature honored Lafayette by making him and his male heirs "natural born Citizens" of the state, which made him a natural born citizen of the United States after the 1789 ratification of the new national Constitution.[81][82][83][lower-alpha 2][84] Lafayette later boasted that he had become an American citizen before the concept of French citizenship existed.[85] Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia also granted him citizenship.[2][83][86][87]
Through the next years, Lafayette made his house, the Hôtel de La Fayette in Paris's rue de Bourbon, the headquarters of Americans there. Benjamin Franklin, John and Sarah Jay, and John and Abigail Adams met there every Monday, and dined in company with Lafayette's family and the liberal nobility, including Clermont-Tonnerre and Madame de Staël.[88] Lafayette continued to work on lowering trade barriers in France to American goods, and on assisting Franklin and his successor as envoy, Jefferson, in seeking treaties of amity and commerce with European nations. He also sought to eliminate the injustices that Protestants in France had endured since the revocation of the Edict of Nantes a century before.[89]
French Revolution
Assembly of Notables and Estates-General
Main articles: Assembly of Notables and Estates-General of 1789
"Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen", proposed to the Estates-General by Lafayette
On 29 December 1786, King Louis XVI called an Assembly of Notables, in response to France's fiscal crisis. The king appointed Lafayette to the body, which convened on 22 February 1787.[90] In speeches, Lafayette decried those with connections at court who had profited from advance knowledge of government land purchases; he advocated reform.[91] He called for a "truly national assembly", which represented the whole of France.[92] Instead, the king chose to summon an Estates General, to convene in 1789. Lafayette was elected as a representative of the nobility (the Second Estate) from Riom.[93] The Estates General, traditionally, cast one vote for each of the three Estates: clergy, nobility, and commons, meaning the much larger commons was generally outvoted.[94]
The Estates General convened on 5 May 1789; debate began on whether the delegates should vote by head or by Estate. If by Estate, then the nobility and clergy would be able to outvote the commons; if by head, then the larger Third Estate could dominate. Before the meeting, as a member of the "Committee of Thirty", Lafayette agitated for voting by head, rather than estate.[95] He could not get a majority of his own Estate to agree, but the clergy was willing to join with the commons, and on the 17th, the group declared itself the National Assembly.[96] The loyalist response was to lock out the group, including Lafayette, while those who had not supported the Assembly met inside. This action led to the Tennis Court Oath, where the excluded members swore to not separate until a constitution was established.[97] The Assembly continued to meet, and on 11 July 1789, Lafayette presented a draft of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" to the Assembly, written by himself in consultation with Jefferson.[98] The next day, after the dismissal of Finance Minister Jacques Necker (who was seen as a reformer), lawyer Camille Desmoulins led an armed mob. The king had the royal army under the duc de Broglie surround Paris.[99] On 14 July, the fortress known as the Bastille was stormed by the mob.[100]
National Guard, Versailles, and Day of Daggers
Lafayette at the balcony of Versailles with Marie Antoinette
Lafayette's sabre as general of the Garde nationale. On display at the Musée de l'Armée, Paris.
On 15 July, Lafayette was acclaimed commander-in-chief of the National Guard of France, an armed force established to maintain order, and under the control of the Assembly.[101][102] Lafayette proposed the name and the symbol of the group: a blue, white and red cockade. This combined the red and blue colors of the city of Paris with the royal white, and originated the French tricolor.[98][100] He faced a difficult task as head of the Guard—the king and many loyalists considered Lafayette and those who agreed with him little better than revolutionaries, whereas many commoners felt he was helping the king keep power. On 26 August, the National Assembly approved the Declaration.[103]
On 2 October, the king rejected the Declaration.[104] Three days later, a Parisian crowd, led mostly by women fishmongers, marched to Versailles in response to the scarcity of bread. Members of the National Guard followed the march, with Lafayette reluctantly leading them. At Versailles, the king accepted the Assembly's votes on the Declaration, but refused requests to go to Paris. At dawn, the crowd broke into the palace. Lafayette took the royal family onto the palace balcony and attempted to restore order.[105][106] The crowd insisted that the king and his family move to Paris and the Tuileries Palace.[107][108] The king came onto the balcony, and the crowd started chanting "Vive le Roi!" When the unpopular queen, Marie Antoinette, appeared there with her children, she was told to send the children back in. When she returned alone, people shouted to shoot her, but when she stood her ground, no one opened fire. Lafayette kissed her hand, leading to cheers from the crowd.[109][110]
The oath of Lafayette at the Fête de la Fédération, 14 July 1790. French School, 18th century. Musée Carnavalet.
As leader of the National Guard, Lafayette attempted to maintain order and steer a middle ground, even as the radicals gained increasing influence.[111] On 12 May 1790, he instituted, along with Jean Sylvain Bailly (mayor of Paris), a political club called the Society of 1789. The club's intention was to provide balance to the influence of the radical Jacobins.[112] On 14 July 1790, Lafayette, before a huge assembly at what came to be known as the Fête de la Fédération, took the civic oath on the Champs de Mars, vowing to "be ever faithful to the nation, to the law, and to the king; to support with our utmost power the constitution decreed by the National Assembly, and accepted by the king."[113] That oath was taken as well by Lafayette's troops, and also by the king.[114]
Lafayette continued to work for order in the coming months. On 28 February 1791, Lafayette and part of the National Guard left the Tuileries to handle a conflict in Vincennes. While he was gone, hundred of armed nobles arrived at the Tuileries to defend the king; however, there were rumors that these nobles had come to take the king away and place him at the head of a counter-revolution. Lafayette quickly returned to the Tuileries and disarmed the nobles after a brief standoff. The event, later called the Day of Daggers, boosted Lafayette's popularity with the French people for his quick actions to protect the king.[115]
Members of the royal family were increasingly prisoners in their palace.[116] On 18 April, the National Guard disobeyed Lafayette and stopped the king from leaving for Saint-Cloud, where he planned to attend Mass.[100][117][118]
Decline: Flight to Varennes and Champs de Mars massacre
On 20 June 1791, a plot, dubbed the Flight to Varennes, almost allowed the king to escape from France. As leader of the National Guard, Lafayette had been responsible for the royal family's custody. He was thus blamed by extremists like Danton for the near-escape and called a traitor to the people by Robespierre.[119] These accusations made Lafayette appear a royalist, damaging his reputation in the eyes of the public,[120] and strengthened the hands of the Jacobins and other radicals. Lafayette continued to urge the constitutional rule of law, but was drowned out by the mob and its leaders.[121]
A depiction of the Champ de Mars massacre. Lafayette is at center, with sword.
Through the latter half of 1791, Lafayette's standing continued to decline. On 17 July, the radical Cordeliers organized an event at the Champ de Mars to gather signatures on a petition to the National Assembly that it either abolish the monarchy or allow its fate to be decided in a referendum.[122] The assembled crowd, estimated at up to 10,000, hanged two men believed to be spies after they were found under the platform. At the head of his troops, Lafayette rode into the Champ de Mars to restore order; they were met with gunshots and thrown stones. When a dragoon went down, the soldiers fired on the crowd, wounding or killing dozens. Martial law was declared, and the leaders of the mob, such as Danton and Marat, fled or went into hiding. In September, the Assembly finalized a constitution, and in early October, with a semblance of constitutional law restored, Lafayette resigned from the National Guard.[123] Immediately after the massacre, a crowd of rioters attacked Lafayette's home, attempting to harm his wife. His reputation among the common people suffered dramatically after the massacre as they believed he sympathized with royal interests.[124]
Conflict and exile
Lafayette returned to his home province of Auvergne in October 1791.[125] France declared war on Austria on 20 April 1792, and preparations to invade the Austrian Netherlands (today's Belgium) began. Lafayette, who had been promoted to Lieutenant General on 30 June 1791, received command of one of the three armies, the Army of the Centre, based at Metz, on 14 December 1791.[126] Lafayette did his best to mold inductees and National Guardsmen into a cohesive fighting force, but found that many of his troops were Jacobin sympathizers and hated their superior officers. This emotion was common in the army, as demonstrated after the Battle of Marquain, when the routed French troops dragged their leader to Lille, where he was torn to pieces by the mob. One of the army commanders, Rochambeau, resigned.[127] Lafayette, along with the third commander, Nicolas Luckner, asked the Assembly to begin peace talks, concerned at what might happen if the troops saw another battle.[128]
In June 1792, Lafayette criticized the growing influence of the radicals through a letter to the Assembly from his field post,[129] and ended his letter by calling for their parties to be "closed down by force".[128] He misjudged his timing, for the radicals were in full control in Paris. Lafayette went there, and on 28 June delivered a fiery speech before the Assembly denouncing the Jacobins and other radical groups. He was instead accused of deserting his troops. Lafayette called for volunteers to counteract the Jacobins; when only a few people showed up, he understood the public mood and hastily left Paris. Robespierre called him a traitor and the mob burned him in effigy.[130] He was transferred to command of the Army of the North on 12 July 1792.
The 25 July Brunswick Manifesto, which warned that Paris would be destroyed by the Austrians and Prussians if the king was harmed, led to the downfall of Lafayette, and of the royal family. A mob attacked the Tuileries on 10 August, and the king and queen were imprisoned at the Assembly, then taken to the Temple. The Assembly abolished the monarchy—the king and queen would be beheaded in the coming months. On 14 August, the minister of justice, Danton, put out a warrant for Lafayette's arrest. Hoping to travel to the United States, Lafayette entered the Austrian Netherlands, the area of present Belgium.[131]
Prisoner
Lafayette in prison
Lafayette was taken prisoner by the Austrians near Rochefort when another former French officer, Jean-Xavier Bureau de Pusy, asked for rights of transit through Austrian territory on behalf of a group of French officers. This was initially granted, as it had been for others fleeing France, but was revoked when the famous Lafayette was recognized.[132] Frederick William II of Prussia, Austria's ally against France, had once received Lafayette, but that was before the French Revolution—the king now saw him as a dangerous fomenter of rebellion, to be interned to prevent him from overthrowing other monarchies.[133]
Lafayette was held at Nivelles,[134] then transferred to Luxembourg where a coalition military tribunal declared him, de Pusy, and two others to be prisoners of state for their roles in the Revolution. The tribunal ordered them held until a restored French king could render final judgment on them.[135] On 12 September 1792, pursuant to the tribunal's order, the prisoners were transferred to Prussian custody. The party travelled to the Prussian fortress-city of Wesel, where the Frenchmen remained in verminous individual cells in the central citadel from 19 September to 22 December 1792. When victorious French revolutionary troops began to threaten the Rhineland, King Frederick William II transferred the prisoners east to the citadel at Magdeburg, where they remained an entire year, from 4 January 1793 to 4 January 1794.[136]
Frederick William decided that he could gain little by continuing to battle the unexpectedly successful French forces, and that there were easier pickings for his army in the Kingdom of Poland. Accordingly, he stopped armed hostilities with the Republic and turned the state prisoners back over to his erstwhile coalition partner, the Habsburg Austrian monarch Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor. Lafayette and his companions were initially sent to Neisse (today Nysa, Poland) in Silesia. On 17 May 1794, they were taken across the Austrian border, where a military unit was waiting to receive them. The next day, the Austrians delivered their captives to a barracks-prison, formerly a college of the Jesuits, in the fortress-city of Olmütz, Moravia (today Olomouc in the Czech Republic).[137]
Lafayette, when captured, had tried to use the American citizenship he had been granted to secure his release, and contacted William Short, United States minister in The Hague.[138] Although Short and other U.S. envoys very much wanted to succor Lafayette for his services to their country, they knew that his status as a French officer took precedence over any claim to American citizenship. Washington, who was by then president, had instructed the envoys to avoid actions that entangled the country in European affairs,[139] and the U.S. did not have diplomatic relations with either Prussia or Austria.[140] They did send money for the use of Lafayette, and for his wife, whom the French had imprisoned. Secretary of State Jefferson found a loophole allowing Lafayette to be paid, with interest, for his services as a major general from 1777 to 1783. An act was rushed through Congress and signed by President Washington. These funds allowed both Lafayettes privileges in their captivity.[141][142]
A more direct means of aiding the former general was an escape attempt sponsored by Alexander Hamilton's sister-in-law Angelica Schuyler Church and her husband John Barker Church, a British Member of Parliament who had served in the Continental Army. They hired as agent a young Hanoverian physician, Justus Erich Bollmann, who acquired an assistant, a South Carolinian medical student named Francis Kinloch Huger. This was the son of Benjamin Huger, whom Lafayette had stayed with upon his first arrival in America. With their help, Lafayette managed to escape from an escorted carriage drive in the countryside outside Olmütz, but he lost his way and was recaptured.[lower-alpha 3][143]
Early 19th century depiction of Lafayette's prison reunion with his wife and daughters
Once Adrienne was released from prison in France, she, with the help of U.S. Minister to France James Monroe, obtained passports for her and her daughters from Connecticut, which had granted the entire Lafayette family citizenship. Her son Georges Washington had been smuggled out of France and taken to the United States.[144] Adrienne and her two daughters journeyed to Vienna for an audience with Emperor Francis, who granted permission for the three women to live with Lafayette in captivity. Lafayette, who had endured harsh solitary confinement since his escape attempt a year before, was astounded when soldiers opened his prison door to usher in his wife and daughters on 15 October 1795. The family spent the next two years in confinement together.[145][146]
Through diplomacy, the press, and personal appeals, Lafayette's sympathizers on both sides of the Atlantic made their influence felt, most importantly on the post-Reign of Terror French government. A young, victorious general, Napoleon Bonaparte, negotiated the release of the state prisoners at Olmütz, as a result of the Treaty of Campo Formio. Lafayette's captivity of over five years thus came to an end. The Lafayette family and their comrades in captivity left Olmütz under Austrian escort early on the morning of 19 September 1797, crossed the Bohemian-Saxonian border north of Prague, and were officially turned over to the American consul in Hamburg on 4 October.[147][148]
From Hamburg, Lafayette sent a note of thanks to General Bonaparte. The French government, the Directorate, was unwilling to have Lafayette return unless he swore allegiance, which he was not willing to do, as he believed it had come to power by unconstitutional means. As revenge, it had his remaining properties sold, leaving him a pauper. The family, soon joined by Georges Washington, who had returned from America, recuperated on a property near Hamburg belonging to Adrienne's aunt. Due to conflict between the United States and France, Lafayette could not go to America as he had hoped, making him a man without a country.[149]
Château de la Grange-Bléneau
Adrienne was able to go to Paris, and attempted to secure her husband's repatriation, flattering Bonaparte, who had returned to France after more victories. After Bonaparte's coup d'état of 18 Brumaire (9 November 1799), Lafayette used the confusion caused by the change of regime to slip into France with a passport in the name of "Motier". Bonaparte expressed rage, but Adrienne was convinced he was simply posing, and proposed to him that Lafayette would pledge his support, then would retire from public life to a property she had reclaimed, La Grange. France's new ruler allowed Lafayette to remain, though originally without citizenship and subject to summary arrest if he engaged in politics, with the promise of eventual restoration of civil rights. Lafayette remained quietly at La Grange, and when Bonaparte held a memorial service in Paris for Washington, who had died in December 1799, Lafayette was not invited, nor was his name mentioned.[150]
Retreat from politics
1824 portrait by Scheffer in the U.S. House of Representatives
Bonaparte restored Lafayette's citizenship on 1 March 1800, and he was able to recover some of his properties. The ruler offered to make Lafayette minister to the United States, but was met with a firm refusal, as Lafayette would not have anything to do with Napoleon's government. In 1802, Lafayette was part of the tiny minority that voted no in the referendum that made Bonaparte consul for life.[151] Bonaparte offered to appoint Lafayette to the Senate and to bestow the Legion of Honor upon him, but Lafayette declined, though he stated he would gladly have taken the honors from a democratic government.[152]
In 1804, Bonaparte was crowned the Emperor Napoleon after a plebiscite in which Lafayette did not participate. The retired general remained relatively quiet, although he made Bastille Day addresses.[153] After the Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson, by then president, asked if he would be interested in the governorship. Lafayette declined, citing personal problems and his desire to work for liberty in France.[154] During a trip to Auvergne in 1807, Adrienne became ill, suffering from complications stemming from her time in prison. She became delirious but recovered enough on Christmas Eve to gather the family around her bed and to say to Lafayette: "Je suis toute à vous" ("I am all yours").[155] She died the next day.[156]
In the years after Adrienne's death, Lafayette mostly remained quietly at La Grange as Napoleon's power in Europe waxed, and then waned. Many influential people and members of the public visited him, especially Americans. He wrote many letters, especially to Jefferson, and exchanged gifts with him, as the Frenchman had once done with Washington.[157]
Bourbon restoration
In 1814, the coalition that opposed Napoleon invaded France and restored the monarchy; the comte de Provence (brother of the executed Louis XVI) took the throne as Louis XVIII. Lafayette was received by the new king, but the staunch republican opposed the new, highly restrictive franchise for the Chamber of Deputies that granted the vote to only 90,000 men in a nation of 25 million. Lafayette did not stand for election in 1814, remaining at La Grange.[158]
There was discontent in France among demobilized soldiers and others. Napoleon had been exiled only as far as Elba, an island in the Tuscan archipelago; seeing an opportunity, he landed at Cannes on 1 March 1815 with a few hundred followers. Frenchmen flocked to his banner, and he took Paris later that month, causing Louis to flee to Ghent. Lafayette refused Napoleon's call to serve in the new government,[159] but accepted election to the new Chamber of Representatives under the Charter of 1815. There, after Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Lafayette called for his abdication. Responding to the emperor's brother Lucien, Lafayette argued:
By what right do you dare accuse the nation of ... want of perseverance in the emperor's interest? The nation has followed him on the fields of Italy, across the sands of Egypt and the plains of Germany, across the frozen deserts of Russia. ... The nation has followed him in fifty battles, in his defeats and in his victories, and in doing so we have to mourn the blood of three million Frenchmen.[160]
On 22 June 1815, four days after Waterloo, Napoleon abdicated. Lafayette arranged for the former emperor's passage to America, but the British prevented this, and Napoleon ended his days on the island of Saint Helena.[161] The Chamber of Representatives, before it dissolved, appointed Lafayette to a peace commission that was ignored by the victorious allies who occupied much of France, with the Prussians taking over La Grange as a headquarters. Once the Prussians left in late 1815, Lafayette returned to his house, a private citizen again.[162]
Lafayette's homes, both in Paris and at La Grange, were open to any Americans who wished to meet the hero of their Revolution, and to many other people besides. Among those whom Irish novelist Sydney, Lady Morgan met at table during her month-long stay at La Grange in 1818 were the Dutch painter Ary Scheffer and the historian Augustin Thierry, who sat alongside American tourists. Others who visited included philosopher Jeremy Bentham, American scholar George Ticknor, and writer Fanny Wright.[163]
During the first decade of the Bourbon Restoration, Lafayette lent his support to a number of conspiracies in France and other European countries, all of which came to nothing. He was involved in the various Charbonnier plots, and agreed to go to the city of Belfort, where there was a garrison of French troops, and assume a major role in the revolutionary government. Warned that the royal government had found out about the conspiracy, he turned back on the road to Belfort, avoiding overt involvement. More successfully, he supported the Greek Revolution beginning in 1821, and by letter attempted to persuade American officials to ally with the Greeks.[164] Louis' government considered arresting both Lafayette and Georges Washington, who was also involved in the Greek efforts, but were wary of the political ramifications if they did. Lafayette remained a member of the restored Chamber of Deputies until 1823, when new plural voting rules helped defeat his bid for re-election.[165]
Grand tour of the United States
Main article: Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States
Portrait of General Lafayette (by Matthew Harris Jouett) in 1825
President James Monroe and Congress invited Lafayette to visit the United States in 1824, in part to celebrate the nation's upcoming 50th anniversary.[27] Monroe intended to have Lafayette travel on an American warship, but the general felt having such a vessel as transport was undemocratic, and booked passage on a merchantman. Louis XVIII did not approve of the trip, and his officers had troops disperse the crowd that gathered at Le Havre to see Lafayette off.[166]
Lafayette arrived at New York on 15 August 1824, accompanied by his son Georges Washington and his secretary Auguste Levasseur. On arrival, Lafayette was greeted by a group of Revolutionary War veterans, who had fought alongside him many years before. New York erupted for four continuous days and nights of celebration. When he departed for what he thought would be a restful trip to Boston, he instead found the route lined by cheering citizens, with welcomes organized in every town along the way. According to Unger, "It was a mystical experience they would relate to their heirs through generations to come. Lafayette had materialized from a distant age, the last leader and hero at the nation's defining moment. They knew they and the world would never see his kind again."[167]
New York, Boston, and Philadelphia did their best to outdo each other in the celebrations honoring Lafayette. Needing a place to hold a reception for him, Philadelphia renovated the Old State House (today Independence Hall), which might otherwise have been torn down. Until that point, it had not been usual in the United States to build monuments, but Lafayette's visit set off a wave of construction, usually with Lafayette, in his capacity as Mason, laying the cornerstone. The arts benefited by his visits as well, as many cities commissioned portraits for their civic buildings, and the likenesses were seen on innumerable souvenirs. Lafayette had intended to visit only the original thirteen states during a four-month visit; the stay stretched to sixteen months as he visited all twenty-four.[168]
The towns and cities he visited—including Fayetteville, North Carolina, the first city named in his honor—gave him enthusiastic welcomes.[169] He visited Washington City, the capital, and was surprised by the simple clothing worn by President Monroe, and the lack of any guards around the White House. In Virginia, he went to Mount Vernon, as he had forty years before, this time viewing Washington's grave. On 19 October 1824, he was at Yorktown for the anniversary of Cornwallis's surrender, then journeyed to Monticello to meet with his old friend Jefferson—and Jefferson's successor, James Madison, who arrived unexpectedly. Lafayette had dined with the other living former president, 89-year-old John Adams, at his home near Boston.[170]
With the roads becoming impassable, Lafayette stayed in Washington City for the winter of 1824–25, and thus was there for the climax of the hotly contested 1824 election, in which no presidential candidate was able to secure a majority of the Electoral College, throwing the decision to the House of Representatives. On 9 February 1825, that body selected Secretary of State John Quincy Adams as president; that evening, the runner-up, General Andrew Jackson, shook hands with Adams at the White House as Lafayette looked on.[171]
In March 1825, Lafayette began to tour the southern and western states.[172] The general pattern of the trip was that he would be escorted between cities by the state militia, and he would enter each town through specially constructed arches to be welcomed by local politicians or dignitaries, all eager to be seen with Lafayette. There would be special events, visits to battlefields and historic sites, celebratory dinners, and time set aside for the public to meet the legendary hero of the Revolution.[173]
USS Brandywine, the ship that returned Lafayette to France after his 1824–1825 tour of the United States
Lafayette visited General Jackson at his home, The Hermitage, in Tennessee. While he was traveling up the Ohio River by steamboat, Lafayette's vessel sank beneath him. He was put in a lifeboat by his son and secretary, then taken to the Kentucky shore and rescued by another steamboat. Although it was going the other direction, its captain insisted on turning around and taking Lafayette to Louisville. From there, he went generally northeast, viewing Niagara Falls, and taking the Erie Canal—considered a modern marvel—to Albany. Again in Massachusetts in June 1825, he laid the cornerstone of the Bunker Hill Monument after hearing an oration by Daniel Webster. From Bunker Hill, Lafayette took home soil that would, at his death, be sprinkled on his grave.[174]
After Bunker Hill, Lafayette went to Maine and Vermont, thus visiting all of the states. He met again with John Adams, then went back to New York and then to its rival city, Brooklyn, where he laid the cornerstone for its public library. Lafayette celebrated his 68th birthday on 6 September at a reception with President John Quincy Adams at the White House, and departed the next day.[175] He took with him, besides the soil to be placed on his grave, other gifts. Congress, at Monroe's request, had voted him $200,000 in gratitude for his services to the country,[176] and a large tract of public lands in Florida.[177] The passage back to France was aboard a ship that was originally called the Susquehanna, but was renamed the USS Brandywine in honor of the battle where the Marquis de Lafayette shed his blood for the United States.[176]
Revolution of 1830
Main article: July Revolution
Lafayette and duc d'Orléans, 31 July 1830
While Lafayette was returning to France, Louis XVIII died, and Charles X took the throne. As king, Charles intended to restore the absolute rule of the monarch, and his decrees had already prompted protest by the time Lafayette arrived.[178] Lafayette was the most prominent of those who opposed the king. In the elections of 1827, the 70-year-old Lafayette was elected to the Chamber of Deputies again. Unhappy at the outcome, Charles dissolved the Chamber, and ordered a new election: Lafayette again won his seat.[179]
Lafayette remained outspoken against Charles' restrictions on civil liberties and the newly introduced censorship of the press. He made fiery speeches in the Chamber, denouncing the new decrees and advocating American-style representative government. He hosted dinners at La Grange, for Americans, Frenchmen, and others; all came to hear his speeches on politics, freedom, rights, and liberty. He was popular enough that Charles felt he could not be safely arrested, but Charles' spies were thorough: one government agent noted "his [Lafayette's] seditious toasts ... in honor of American liberty".[180]
On 25 July 1830, the king signed the Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, removing the franchise from the middle class and dissolving the Chamber of Deputies. The decrees were published the following day.[181] On 27 July, Parisians erected barricades throughout the city, and riots erupted.[182] In defiance, the Chamber continued to meet. When Lafayette, who was at La Grange, heard what was going on, he raced into the city, and was acclaimed as a leader of the revolution. When his fellow deputies were indecisive, Lafayette went to the barricades, and soon the royalist troops were routed. Fearful that the excesses of the 1789 revolution were about to be repeated, deputies made Lafayette head of a restored National Guard, and charged him with keeping order. The Chamber was willing to proclaim him as ruler, but he refused a grant of power he deemed unconstitutional. He also refused to deal with Charles, who abdicated on 2 August. Many young revolutionaries sought a republic, but Lafayette felt this would lead to civil war, and chose to offer the throne to the duc d'Orleans, Louis-Philippe, who had lived in America and had far more of a common touch than did Charles. Lafayette secured the agreement of Louis-Philippe, who accepted the throne, to various reforms. The general remained as commander of the National Guard. This did not last long—the brief concord at the king's accession soon faded, and the conservative majority in the Chamber voted to abolish Lafayette's National Guard post on 24 December 1830. Lafayette went back into retirement, expressing his willingness to do so.[183]
Final years and death
Mort du général Lafayette – Gondelfinger – 1834
Lafayette grew increasingly disillusioned with Louis-Phillippe, who backtracked on reforms and denied his promises to make them. The retired general angrily broke with his king, a breach which widened when the government used force to suppress a strike in Lyon. Lafayette used his seat in the Chamber to promote liberal proposals, and in 1831 his neighbors elected him mayor of the village of La Grange and to the council of the département of Seine-et-Marne. The following year, Lafayette served as a pallbearer and spoke at the funeral of General Jean Maximilien Lamarque, another opponent of Louis-Phillippe. Despite Lafayette's pleas for calm, there were riots in the streets and a barricade was erected at the Place de la Bastille. The king forcefully crushed this June Rebellion, to Lafayette's outrage. Lafayette returned to La Grange until the Chamber met in November 1832. He condemned Louis-Phillippe for introducing censorship, as Charles X had.[184]
Lafayette spoke publicly for the last time in the Chamber of Deputies on 3 January 1834. The next month, he collapsed at a funeral from pneumonia. Although he recovered, the following May was wet and, after being caught in a thunderstorm, he became bedridden.[185]
The grave of Lafayette in the Picpus Cemetery, Paris
On 20 May 1834, Lafayette died on 6 rue d'Anjou-Saint-Honoré in Paris (now 8 rue d'Anjou in the 8th arrondissement of Paris) at the age of 76. He was buried next to his wife at the Picpus Cemetery[186] under soil from Bunker Hill, which his son Georges Washington sprinkled upon him.[182][187] King Louis-Philippe ordered a military funeral in order to keep the public from attending. Crowds formed to protest their exclusion.[169]
In the United States, President Jackson ordered that Lafayette receive the same memorial honors that had been bestowed on Washington's death in December 1799. Both Houses of Congress were draped in black bunting for thirty days, and members wore mourning badges. Congress urged Americans to follow similar mourning practices. Later in 1834, former president John Quincy Adams gave a eulogy of Lafayette that lasted three hours, calling him "high on the list of the pure and disinterested benefactors of mankind".[188]
Assessment
Further information: Honors and memorials to the Marquis de Lafayette
Throughout his life, Lafayette was an exponent of the ideals of the Age of Enlightenment, especially on human rights and civic nationalism. Despite the fact that he spent most of his political career in opposition, his views were taken very seriously by intellectuals and others on both sides of the Atlantic.[189]
In the United States, Lafayette's image, from the time of the American Revolution, derived from his "disinterestedness" in fighting, without pay, for the freedom of a country not his own.[190] As Samuel Adams praised Lafayette, in "foregoing the pleasures of Enjoyment of domestick [sic] Life and exposing himself to the Hardship and Dangers" of war, he fought "in the glorious cause of freedom".[190] This view was shared by many contemporaries, establishing an image of Lafayette seeking to advance, not the national interest of one country or another, but the liberty of all mankind.[190] As Lafayette took on his roles in the French Revolution, he gained a new role in American eyes: that of an advocate for the virtues of the American republic, seeking to transport them from New World to Old. This was reinforced by his position as surrogate son and disciple of George Washington, who was deemed the Father of His Country and the embodiment of the American experiment.[191]
Lafayette became an American icon in part because he was not associated with any particular region of the country: he was of foreign birth, did not live in America, and had fought in New England, the Mid-Atlantic states, and the South. Thus, he was a unifying figure.[78] His role in the French Revolution, in which he was seen by Americans as steering a middle course, enhanced this popularity. Americans were naturally sympathetic to a republican cause, but also remembered Louis XVI as a friend of the nascent United States. When Lafayette fell from power in 1792, Americans tended to blame factionalism for the ouster of a man who was, in their eyes, above such things.[192]
In 1824, Lafayette returned to the United States at a time when Americans were questioning the success of the republican experiment in view of the disastrous economic Panic of 1819 and the sectional conflict resulting in the Missouri Compromise.[193] Lafayette's hosts considered him a judge of how successful the experiment had been.[194] According to cultural historian Lloyd Kramer, Lafayette (as well as a later visitor to America, Alexis de Tocqueville) "provided foreign confirmations of the self-image that shaped America's national identity in the early nineteenth century and that has remained a dominant theme in the national ideology ever since: the belief that America's Founding Fathers, institutions, and freedom created the most democratic, egalitarian, and prosperous society in the world".[195]
Historian Gilbert Chinard wrote in 1936: “Lafayette became a legendary figure and a symbol so early in his life, and successive generations have so willingly accepted the myth, that any attempt to deprive the young hero of his republican halo will probably be considered as little short of iconoclastic and sacrilegious.”[196] That legend has been used politically: the name and image of Lafayette were repeatedly invoked in 1917 in seeking to gain popular support for America's entry into World War I, culminating in the famous phrase, "Lafayette, we are here". This occurred at some cost to Lafayette's image in America: veterans returned from the front singing "We've paid our debt to Lafayette, who the hell do we owe now?"[197] A longer-term threat was the increasing sophistication of Americans and the lessened need for symbols of patriotism; by 1971, according to Anne C. Loveland, "Lafayette no longer served as a national hero-symbol."[198] In 2002, however, Congress voted to grant Lafayette honorary citizenship.[199]
Lafayette's reputation in France is more problematic. Thomas Gaines, in his book about Lafayette, noted that the response to Lafayette's death was far more muted in France than in America, and suggested that this may have been because Lafayette was the last surviving hero of America's only revolution, whereas the evolution of the French government has been far more chaotic.[200] Lafayette's role, especially in the French Revolution, created a more nuanced picture of him in French historiography. To the 19th century historian Jules Michelet, Lafayette was a "mediocre idol", lifted by the mob far beyond what his talents deserved.[201] In their Histoire et dictionnaire de la Révolution française, Jean Tulard, Jean-François Fayard, and Alfred Fierro noted Napoleon's deathbed comment about Lafayette that, if Napoleon had had Lafayette's place during the French Revolution, "the king would still be sitting on his throne".[202] They called Napoleon's comment "not too excessive" and deemed Lafayette "an empty-headed political dwarf [and] one of the people most responsible for the destruction of the French monarchy".[203] Gaines disagreed, and noted that liberal and Marxist historians have also dissented from that view of Lafayette.[203] As Lloyd Kramer related in a survey of the French public, just before the Revolution's bicentennial in 1989, 57 percent deemed Lafayette the figure from the Revolution they most admired, with Marat and Saint-Just tying for second with 21 percent each: "he [Lafayette] clearly had more French supporters in the early 1990s than he could muster in the early 1790s".[201]
Marc Leepson concluded his study of Lafayette's life:
The Marquis de Lafayette was far from perfect. He was sometimes vain, naive, immature, and egocentric. But he consistently stuck to his ideals, even when doing so endangered his life and fortune. Those ideals proved to be the founding principles of two of the world's most enduring nations, the United States and France. That is a legacy that few military leaders, politicians, or statesmen can match.[204]
175th anniversary of Lafayette's arrival in America in 1777, 1952 issue
200th anniversary of the birth of Lafayette, 1957 issue
200th anniversary of Lafayette's arrival, part of the Bicentennial Series
See also
LaFayette Motors
Notes
↑ His full name is rarely used; instead he is often referred to as the marquis de La Fayette or Lafayette (in the United States, not in France where a two words spelling is official). Biographer Louis R. Gottschalk says that Lafayette spelled his name both Lafayette and La Fayette. Other historians differ on the spelling of Lafayette's name: Lafayette, La Fayette, and LaFayette. Contemporaries often used "La Fayette", similar to his ancestor, the novelist Madame de La Fayette; however, his immediate family wrote Lafayette. See Gottschalk, pp. 153–54.
↑ The New York Times article contained a facsimile and transcript of the Maryland act: " An Act to naturalize Major General the Marquiss de la Fayette and his Heirs Male Forever. … Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland—that the Marquiss de la Fayette and his Heirs male forever shall be and they and each of them are hereby deemed adjudged and taken to be natural born Citizens of this State and shall henceforth be instilled to all the Immunities, Rights and Privileges of natural born Citizens thereof, they and every one of them conforming to the Constitution and Laws of this State in the Enjoyment and Exercise of such Immunities, Rights and Privileges."
↑ Bollman and Huger were captured and received short sentences, after which they were released, becoming international celebrities for their attempt to free Lafayette. See Lane, p. 218. They journeyed to America where they met with Washington and briefed him on conditions at Olmütz. See Unger, loc. 7031.
References
1 2 Clary, pp. 7, 8
1 2 Officer, p. 171
1 2 3 4 Gaines, p. 33
1 2 Unger, loc. 383
1 2 Clary, pp. 11–13
1 2 3 Gottschlk, pp. 3–5
↑ Leepson, pp. 8–9
↑ Unger, loc. 425
↑ Leepson, p. 10
↑ Lane, pp. 7–8
↑ Unger, loc. 491–506
↑ Leepson, pp. 10–11
↑ Leepson, p. 12
↑ Lane, p. 10
↑ Leepson, pp. 12–13
↑ Unger, loc. 565–581
↑ Unger, loc. 581–598
↑ Clary, p. 28
↑ Unger, loc. 604–682
↑ Unger, pp. 709–740
↑ Holbrook, pp. 19–20
1 2 Demerliac, p.190 no 1887
↑ Unger, loc. 759–855
↑ Leepson, p. 26
↑ Holbrook, p. 17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Holbrook, pp. 15–16
1 2 Glathaar, p. 3
↑ Cloquet, p. 37
↑ Unger, loc. 864, 1023–1053
↑ Unger, loc. 940–955
1 2 Leepson, p. 33
↑ Gaines, p. 70
↑ Clary, p. 100
↑ Holbrook, p. 23
↑ Leepson, pp. 34–35
↑ Gaines, p. 75
↑ Grizzard, p. 175
↑ Cloquet, p. 203
↑ Leepson, p. 43
↑ Palmer, pp. 276, 277
↑ Unger, loc. 1827
↑ Greene, pp. 140, 141
↑ Gaines, p. 112
↑ Holbrook, pp. 28, 29
↑ Fiske, pp. 89–92
↑ Leepson, pp. 62–67
↑ Leepson, pp. 67–68
↑ Clary, p. 243
↑ Leepson, p. 70
↑ Cloquet, p. 155
↑ Unger, loc. 2583
↑ Clary, p. 257
↑ Leepson, p. 72
↑ Leepson, pp. 74–75
↑ Unger, loc. 2670
↑ Unger, loc. 2685
↑ Unger, loc. 2730
↑ Leepson, pp. 77–78
↑ Leepson, pp. 78–79
↑ Leepson, pp. 82–83
↑ Unger, loc. 2982–3011
↑ Unger, loc. 3033–3134
1 2 3 Gaines, pp. 153–55
↑ Unger, loc. 3430
1 2 Holbrook, pp. 53–54
↑ Holbrook, p. 43
↑ Unger, loc. 3526–3585
↑ Clary, pp. 330–38
↑ Unger, loc. 3714–3730
↑ Holbrook, p. 56
↑ Clary, p. 350
↑ Holbrook, p. 63
↑ Tuckerman, p. 154
↑ Unger, loc. 3824–3840
↑ Holbrook, p. 65
↑ Kaminsky, pp. 34, 35
↑ Leepson, pp. 120–21
1 2 Loveland, p. 16
↑ Hirschfeld, p. 126
↑ Gaines, pp. 201, 202
↑ Speare, Morris Edmund "Lafayette, Citizen of America", New York Times, 7 September 1919.(subscription required)
↑ Cornell, Douglas B. "Churchill Acceptance 'Honors Us Far More'" Sumter Daily Item, 10 April 1963.
1 2 Gottschalk, Louis Reichenthal (1950). Lafayette Between the American and the French Revolution (1783–1789). University of Chicago Press. pp. 146–147.
↑ Folliard, Edward T. "JFK Slipped on Historical Data In Churchill Tribute" Sarasota Journal, 25 May 1973.
↑ "Lafayette: Citizen of Two Worlds". Cornell University Library. 2006. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
↑ Holbrook, pp. 67–68
↑ Gaines, pp. 198–99, 204, 206
↑ Maurois, Adrienne: The Life of the Marquise de La Fayette, p. 113
↑ Unger, loc. 4710–4766
↑ Tuckerman, p. 198
↑ Unger, loc. 4963–4978
↑ Neely, p. 47
↑ Tuckerman, p. 210
↑ Unger, loc. 5026
↑ Doyle, pp. 74, 90
↑ Tuckerman, p. 213
↑ de La Fuye, p. 83.
1 2 Gerson, pp. 81–83
↑ Crowdy, p. 7
1 2 3 Doyle, pp. 112–13
↑ Tuckerman, p. 230
↑ Crowdy, p. 42
↑ Leepson, pp. 132–35
↑ Leepson, p. 135
↑ Hampson, p. 89
↑ Neely, p. 86
↑ Doyle, p. 122
↑ Clary, p. 392
↑ Leepson, p. 136
↑ Unger, loc. 5729
↑ Leepson, pp. 136–40
↑ Thiers, p. vi
↑ Cloquet, p. 305
↑ Leepson, pp. 138–39
↑ Thiers, Marie Joseph L. Adolphe (1845). The history of the French revolution. pp. 61–62.
↑ Doyle, p. 148
↑ Jones, p. 445
↑ Frey, p. 92
↑ Gaines, pp. 345, 346
↑ Holbrook, p. 100
↑ Unger, loc. 6188
↑ Andress, p. 51
↑ Unger, pp. 6207–38
↑ Woodward, W. E. Lafayette.
↑ Andress, p. 61
↑ Broadwell, p. 28
↑ Leepson, pp. 146–48
1 2 Andress, pp. 72–75
↑ Broadwell, p. 36
↑ Leepson, pp. 150–51
↑ Leepson, pp. 151–153
↑ Spalding, pp. 1–3
↑ Spalding, p. 15
↑ Unger, loc. 6458
↑ Spalding, pp. 16–18
↑ Spalding, pp. 21–25
↑ Spalding, pp. 26–29
↑ Unger, loc. 6460–6475
↑ Spalding, pp. 32–33
↑ Unger, loc. 6553
↑ Spalding, pp. 34–35
↑ Unger, loc. 6649
↑ Spalding, pp. 66–69, 84–124
↑ Clary, p. 413
↑ Clary, p. 418
↑ Spalding, pp. 140–56
↑ Holbrook, p. 129
↑ Spalding, pp. 173–227
↑ Unger, loc. 7151–7309
↑ Unger, loc. 7309–7403
↑ Unger, loc. 7403–7435
↑ Unger, loc. 7539
↑ Holbrook, p. 146
↑ Kennedy, p. 210
↑ Crawford, p. 318
↑ Clary, p. 438
↑ Unger, pp. 7603–33
↑ Unger, loc. 7664–7695
↑ Unger, loc. 7695–7720
↑ Gaines, p. 427
↑ Unger, loc. 7737
↑ Unger, loc. 7737–7753
↑ Kramer, p. 93
↑ Kramer, pp. 100–105
↑ Unger, loc. 7791–7819
↑ Unger, loc. 7839
↑ Unger, loc. 7840–7868
↑ Unger, loc. 7913–7937
1 2 Clary, pp. 443, 444
↑ Unger, loc. 7904–7968
↑ Unger, loc. 7961–7990
↑ Unger, loc. 7990
↑ Kramer, pp. 190–91
↑ Unger, loc. 8006–8038
↑ Unger, loc. 8008–8069
1 2 Leepson, p. 164
↑ Unger, loc. 7982
↑ Unger, loc. 8089
↑ Gleeson, p. 166
↑ Leepson, p. 166
↑ Leepson, pp. 166–67
1 2 Clary, pp. 443–445, 447, 448
↑ Unger, loc. 8117–8295
↑ Unger, loc. 9301–9393
↑ Payan, p. 93
↑ Marquis de Lafayette at Find a Grave. Retrieved on December 17, 2014.
↑ Kathleen McKenna (June 10, 2007). "On Bunker Hill, a boost in La Fayette profile". Boston Globe. Retrieved May 5, 2008. (subscription required)
↑ Leepson, p. 172
↑ Kramer, pp. 15–16
1 2 3 Loveland, p. 9
↑ Loveland, pp. 17–18
↑ Loveland, pp. 21–23
↑ Loveland, p. 39
↑ Loveland, pp. 36–37
↑ Kramer, p. 185
↑ Chinard, Gilbert (June 1936). "Lafayette Comes to America by Louis Gottschalk". Journal of Modern History. 8 (2): 218. JSTOR 1880955. (subscription required)
↑ Loveland, pp. 154–57
↑ Loveland, p. 160
↑ "U.S. honors an old friend". The New York Times. 30 July 2002.
↑ Gaines, p. 447
1 2 Kramer, p. 5
↑ Gaines, pp. 349, 440
1 2 Gaines, p. 440
↑ Leepson, p. 176
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Greene, Francis Vinton (1911). The Revolutionary War and the Military History of the United States. Charles Scribner's Sons. OCLC 952029.
Grizzard, Frank (2002). George Washington: Biographical Companion. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-082-6.
Hirschfeld, Fritz (1997). George Washington and Slavery – A Documentary Portrayal. University of Missouri Press. ISBN 978-0-8262-1135-4.
Holbrook, Sabra (1977). Lafayette, Man in the Middle. Atheneum Books. ISBN 978-0-689-30585-6.
Kaminsky, John (2005). A Necessary Evil?: Slavery and the Debate of the Constitution. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-945612-33-9.
Kramer, Lloyd (1996). Lafayette in Two Worlds. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2258-2.
La Fayette Villaume Ducoudray Holstein, Henri (1824). Memoirs of Gilbert Motier La Fayette. Charles Wiley. OCLC 85790544.
de La Fuye, Maurice; Émile Albert Babeau (1956). The Apostle of Liberty: A Life of Lafayette. Thomas Yoseloff, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8010-5555-3.
Lane, Jason (2003). General and Madame de Lafayette (Kindle ed.). Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-1-58979-018-6.
Leepson, Marc (2011). Lafayette: Lessons in Leadership From the Idealist General. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-10504-1.
Levasseur, August (2006). Lafayette in America. Alan Hoffman. Lafayette Press. ISBN 978-0-9787224-0-1.
Loveland, Anne (1971). Emblem of Liberty: The Image of Lafayette in the American Mind. LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-2462-8.
Martin, David (2003). The Philadelphia Campaign. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81258-3.
Maurois, André (1961). Adrienne, the Life of the Marquise de La Fayette. McGraw-Hill. OCLC 2302836.
Memoirs, Correspondence and Manuscripts of General Lafayette. 3. Saunders and Otley. 1837. OCLC 10278752.
Morris, Gouverneur (1888). The Diary and Letters of Gouverneur Morris. Volume I. Anne Cary Morris. C. Scribner's Sons. OCLC 833557418.
Neely, Sylvia (2008). A Concise History of the French Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-3411-7.
Palmer, Dave Richard (2006). George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-59698-020-4.
Payan, Gregory (2002). Marquis de Lafayette:French Hero of the American Revolution. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-5733-0.
Spalding, Paul S. (2010). Lafayette: Prisoner of State. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-1-57003-911-9.
Thiers, M. A.; Frederic Shoberl (1846). The History of the French Revolution. 1 (3 ed.). Richard Bentley. OCLC 2949605.
Tower, Charlemagne (1894). The Marquis de La Fayette in the American Revolution. J.B. Lippincott Company. OCLC 527765.
Tuckerman, Bayard (1889). Life of General Lafayette: With a Critical Estimate of His Character and Public Acts. Dodd, Mead. OCLC 1899420.
Unger, Harlow Giles (2002). Lafayette (Kindle ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-39432-7.
Wright, Constance (1959). Madame de Lafayette. Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston. OCLC 373722.
Further reading
Auricchio, Laura. The Marquis: Lafayette Reconsidered (Vintage, 2014). Print.
Vowell, Sarah. Lafayette in the Somewhat United States (Riverhead, 2015). Print.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
Works by Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette at Project Gutenberg
Works by or about Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette at Internet Archive
Société des Cincinnati de France, site of the French Society of the Cincinnati
French Founding Father at the New-York Historical Society
The Cornell University Library Lafayette Collection
The Marquis de Lafayette collection, Cleveland State University
Lafayette College, The Marquis de Lafayette Collections
Marquis de Lafayette Collection, Library of Congress
Martha Joanna Lamb, Lafayette letters from prison, The Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries, pp. 353–76
Booknotes interview with Lloyd Kramer on Lafayette in Two Worlds: Public Cultures and Identities in an Age of Revolutions, 15 September 1996.
La Grange, France, Chateau of General Lafayette
"Lafayette Triumphant: His 1824–1825 Tour and Reception in the United States"
Thomas Jefferson Letter, 30 November 1813 From the Collections at the Library of Congress
French Revolution
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Timeline
Ancien Régime
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Republic
Directory
Consulate
Glossary
Significant civil and political events by year
1788
Day of the Tiles (7 Jun 1788)
Assembly of Vizille (21 Jul 1788)
1789
What Is the Third Estate? (Jan 1789)
Réveillon riots (28 Apr 1789)
Convocation of the Estates-General (5 May 1789)
National Assembly (17 Jun – 9 Jul 1790)
Tennis Court Oath (20 Jun 1789)
National Constituent Assembly (9 Jul – 30 Sep 1791)
Storming of the Bastille (14 Jul 1789)
Great Fear (20 Jul – 5 Aug 1789)
Abolition of Feudalism (4-11 Aug 1789)
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (27 Aug 1789)
Women's March on Versailles (5 Oct 1789)
1790
Abolition of the Parlements (Feb–Jul 1790)
Abolition of the Nobility (19 Jun 1790)
Civil Constitution of the Clergy (12 Jul 1790)
1791
Flight to Varennes (20–21 Jun 1791)
Champ de Mars Massacre (17 Jul 1791)
Declaration of Pillnitz (27 Aug 1791)
The Constitution of 1791 (3 Sep 1791)
Legislative Assembly (1 Oct 1791 – Sep 1792)
1792
France declares war (20 Apr 1792)
Brunswick Manifesto (25 Jul 1792)
Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary (Jun 1792)
10th of August (10 Aug 1792)
September Massacres (Sep 1792)
National Convention (20 Sep 1792 – 26 Oct 1795)
First republic declared (22 Sep 1792)
1793
Execution of Louis XVI (21 Jan 1793)
Revolutionary Tribunal (9 Mar 1793 – 31 May 1795)
Reign of Terror (27 Jun 1793 – 27 Jul 1794)
Committee of Public Safety
Committee of General Security
Fall of the Girondists (2 Jun 1793)
Assassination of Marat (13 Jul 1793)
Levée en masse (23 Aug 1793)
Law of Suspects (17 Sep 1793)
Marie Antoinette is guillotined (16 Oct 1793)
Anti-clerical laws (throughout the year)
1794
Danton and Desmoulins guillotined (5 Apr 1794)
Law of 22 Prairial (10 Jun 1794)
Thermidorian Reaction (27 Jul 1794)
Robespierre guillotined (28 Jul 1794)
White Terror (Fall 1794)
Closing of the Jacobin Club (11 Nov 1794)
1795
Constitution of the Year III (22 Aug 1795)
Conspiracy of the Equals (Nov 1795)
Directoire (1795–99)
Council of Five Hundred
Council of Ancients
1797
Coup of 18 Fructidor (4 Sep 1797)
Second Congress of Rastatt (Dec 1797)
1799
Coup of 30 Prairial VII (18 Jun 1799)
Coup of 18 Brumaire (9 Nov 1799)
Constitution of the Year VIII (24 Dec 1799)
Consulate
Revolutionary campaigns
1792
Verdun
Thionville
Valmy
Royalist Revolts
Chouannerie
Vendée
Dauphiné
Lille
Siege of Mainz
Jemappes
Namur
1793
First Coalition
Siege of Toulon (18 Sep – 18 Dec 1793)
War in the Vendée
Battle of Neerwinden)
Battle of Famars (23 May 1793)
Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco (25 May 1793)
Battle of Kaiserslautern
Siege of Mainz
Battle of Wattignies
Battle of Hondschoote
Siege of Bellegarde
Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
First Battle of Wissembourg (13 Oct 1793)
Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
Second Battle of Wissembourg (26–27 Dec 1793)
1794
Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies (24 Apr 1794)
Battle of Boulou (Pyrenees) (30 Apr – 1 May 1794)
Battle of Tournay (22 May 1794)
Battle of Fleurus (26 Jun 1794)
Chouannerie
Battle of Tourcoing (18 May 1794)
Battle of Aldenhoven (2 Oct 1794)
1795
Peace of Basel
1796
Battle of Lonato (3–4 Aug 1796)
Battle of Castiglione (5 Aug 1796)
Battle of Theiningen
Battle of Neresheim (11 Aug 1796)
Battle of Amberg (24 Aug 1796)
Battle of Würzburg (3 Sep 1796)
Battle of Rovereto (4 Sep 1796)
First Battle of Bassano (8 Sep 1796)
Battle of Emmendingen (19 Oct 1796)
Battle of Schliengen (26 Oct 1796)
Second Battle of Bassano (6 Nov 1796)
Battle of Calliano (6–7 Nov 1796)
Battle of the Bridge of Arcole (15–17 Nov 1796)
The Ireland Expedition (Dec 1796)
1797
Naval Engagement off Brittany (13 Jan 1797)
Battle of Rivoli (14–15 Jan 1797)
Battle of the Bay of Cádiz (25 Jan 1797)
Treaty of Leoben (17 Apr 1797)
Battle of Neuwied (18 Apr 1797)
Treaty of Campo Formio (17 Oct 1797)
1798
French invasion of Switzerland (28 January – 17 May 1798)
French Invasion of Egypt (1798–1801)
Irish Rebellion of 1798 (23 May – 23 Sep 1798)
Quasi-War (1798–1800)
Peasants' War (12 Oct – 5 Dec 1798)
1799
Second Coalition (1798–1802)
Siege of Acre (20 Mar – 21 May 1799)
Battle of Ostrach (20–21 Mar 1799)
Battle of Stockach (25 Mar 1799)
Battle of Magnano (5 Apr 1799)
Battle of Cassano (27 Apr 1799)
First Battle of Zurich (4–7 Jun 1799)
Battle of Trebbia (19 Jun 1799)
Battle of Novi (15 Aug 1799)
Second Battle of Zurich (25–26 Sep 1799)
1800
Battle of Marengo (14 Jun 1800)
Battle of Hohenlinden (3 Dec 1800)
League of Armed Neutrality (1800–02)
1801
Treaty of Lunéville (9 Feb 1801)
Treaty of Florence (18 Mar 1801)
Algeciras Campaign (8 Jul 1801)
1802
Treaty of Amiens (25 Mar 1802)
Military leaders
French Army
Eustache Charles d'Aoust
Pierre Augereau
Alexandre de Beauharnais
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
Louis-Alexandre Berthier
Jean-Baptiste Bessières
Guillaume-Marie-Anne Brune
Jean François Carteaux
Jean Étienne Championnet
Chapuis de Tourville
Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
Louis-Nicolas Davout
Louis Desaix
Jacques François Dugommier
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
Charles François Dumouriez
Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
Louis-Charles de Flers
Paul Grenier
Emmanuel de Grouchy
Jacques Maurice Hatry
Lazare Hoche
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
François Christophe de Kellermann
Jean-Baptiste Kléber
Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
Jean Lannes
Charles Leclerc
Claude Lecourbe
François Joseph Lefebvre
Jacques MacDonald
Jean-Antoine Marbot
Jean Baptiste de Marbot
François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers
Auguste de Marmont
André Masséna
Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
Jean Victor Marie Moreau
Édouard Mortier, duc de Trévise
Joachim Murat
Michel Ney
Pierre-Jacques Osten
Nicolas Oudinot
Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon
Jean-Charles Pichegru
Józef Poniatowski
Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
Jean-Mathieu-Philibert Sérurier
Joseph Souham
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
Louis-Gabriel Suchet
Belgrand de Vaubois
Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
French Navy
Charles-Alexandre Linois
Opposition
Austria
József Alvinczi
Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
Count of Clerfayt (Walloon)
Karl Aloys zu Fürstenberg
Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze (Swiss)
Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
Pál Kray (Hungarian)
Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc (French)
Maximilian Baillet de Latour (Walloon)
Karl Mack von Leiberich
Rudolf Ritter von Otto (Saxon)
Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
Johann Mészáros von Szoboszló (Hungarian)
Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
Dagobert von Wurmser
Britain
Sir Ralph Abercromby
Admiral Sir James Saumarez
Admiral Sir Edward Pellew
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
Dutch Republic
William V, Prince of Orange
Prussia
Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
Russia
Alexander Korsakov
Alexander Suvorov
Spain
Luis Firmin de Carvajal
Antonio Ricardos
Other significant figures and factions
Society of 1789
Jean Sylvain Bailly
Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord
Nicolas de Condorcet
Feuillants
and monarchiens
Madame de Lamballe
Madame du Barry
Louis de Breteuil
Loménie de Brienne
Charles Alexandre de Calonne
de Chateaubriand
Jean Chouan
Grace Elliott
Arnaud de La Porte
Jean-Sifrein Maury
Jacques Necker
François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
Antoine Barnave
Lafayette
Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
Charles Malo François Lameth
André Chénier
Jean-François Rewbell
Camille Jordan
Madame de Staël
Boissy d'Anglas
Jean-Charles Pichegru
Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
Girondists
Jacques Pierre Brissot
Roland de La Platière
Madame Roland
Father Henri Grégoire
Étienne Clavière
Marquis de Condorcet
Charlotte Corday
Marie Jean Hérault
Jean Baptiste Treilhard
Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve
Jean Debry
Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
Olympe de Gouges
Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
Louis Marie de La Révellière-Lépeaux
The Plain
Abbé Sieyès
de Cambacérès
Charles François Lebrun
Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
Philippe Egalite
Louis Philippe I
Mirabeau
Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
Jean Joseph Mounier
Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
François de Neufchâteau
Montagnards
Maximilien Robespierre
Georges Danton
Jean-Paul Marat
Camille Desmoulins
Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras
Louis Philippe I
Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
Jacques-Louis David
Marquis de Sade
Jacques-Louis David
Georges Couthon
Roger Ducos
Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
Jean-Henri Voulland
Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
Jean-Pierre-André Amar
Prieur de la Côte-d'Or
Prieur de la Marne
Gilbert Romme
Jean Bon Saint-André
Jean-Lambert Tallien
Pierre Louis Prieur
Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac
Antoine Christophe Saliceti
Hébertists
and Enragés
Jacques Hébert
Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
Charles-Philippe Ronsin
Antoine-François Momoro
François-Nicolas Vincent
François Chabot
Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
François Hanriot
Jacques Roux
Stanislas-Marie Maillard
Charles-Philippe Ronsin
Jean-François Varlet
Theophile Leclerc
Claire Lacombe
Pauline Léon
François-Noël Babeuf
Sylvain Maréchal
Others
Charles X
Louis XVI
Louis XVII
Louis XVIII
Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
Marie Antoinette
Napoléon Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte
Joseph Bonaparte
Joseph Fesch
Joséphine de Beauharnais
Joachim Murat
Jean Sylvain Bailly
Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
Talleyrand
Thérésa Tallien
Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
Catherine Théot
List of people associated with the French Revolution
Influential thinkers
Les Lumières
Beaumarchais
Edmund Burke
Anacharsis Cloots
Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
Pierre Claude François Daunou
Diderot
Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson
Antoine Lavoisier
Montesquieu
Thomas Paine
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Abbé Sieyès
Voltaire
Mary Wollstonecraft
Cultural impact
La Marseillaise
French Tricolour
Liberté, égalité, fraternité
Marianne
Bastille Day
Panthéon
French Republican Calendar
Cult of the Supreme Being
Cult of Reason
Sans-culottes
Metric system
Phrygian cap
Women in the French Revolution
Symbolism in the French Revolution
Historiography of the French Revolution
Influence of the French Revolution
American Revolutionary War
Origins of the American Revolution
Philosophy
American Enlightenment
John Locke
Colonial history
Liberalism
Republicanism
Freedom of religion
Rights of Englishmen
Common Sense
Spirit of '76
"All men are created equal"
"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"
"Consent of the governed"
Royalists
Second Newcastle Ministry
Bute Ministry
Grenville Ministry
First Rockingham Ministry
Chatham Ministry
Grafton Ministry
North Ministry
Second Rockingham Ministry
Shelburne Ministry
Fox-North Coalition
Loyalists
Black Loyalist
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Prohibitory
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Stamp Act Congress
Declaration of Rights and Grievances
Virginia Association
Sons of Liberty
Patriots
Committees of correspondence
Committees of safety
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
Massachusetts Circular Letter
First Continental Congress
Continental Association
Minutemen
Second Continental Congress
Olive Branch Petition
Declaration of Independence
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Events
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Hutchinson Letters Affair
Boston Tea Party
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Sullivan Expedition
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Other events
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Woman, 24, charged with murder, child abuse, leaving accident scene in Strip crash NDN-VIDEO-40192923148.movNDN-VIDEO-40192923148.movDozens Of Pedestrians Mowed Down In Vegas Strip Hit-And-Run (CBS Miami/Inform)NDN-VIDEO-40192923149.movNDN-VIDEO-40192923149.movWitness: I saw some bodies just flying in the air (CNN)1004411555_strip_folo-dec_5.jpg Lakeisha Holloway is shown in a photo from her Facebook page. Holloway is accused of driving her Oldsmobile onto a Strip sidewalk Sunday, killing one and injuring dozens of others. Photo Facebook 1004411555_strip_folo-dec_2.jpg Police investigate the scene of an accident on the Planet Hollywood hotel-casino that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae 1004411555_strip_folo-dec_6.jpg Lakeisha Holloway is shown in a photo from her Facebook page. Holloway is accused of driving her Oldsmobile onto a Strip sidewalk Sunday, killing one and injuring dozens of others. Photo Facebook 1004411555_strip_folo-dec_3.jpg Police investigate the scene on the Las Vegas Strip outside Paris Las Vegas on Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015, after a car plowed into pedestrians on the sidewalk, killing one person and injuring 37 people, six critically. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae 1004411555_strip_folo-dec_4.jpg Lakeisha Holloway is shown in a photo from her Facebook page. Holloway is accused of driving her Oldsmobile onto a Strip sidewalk Sunday, killing one and injuring dozens of others. Photo Facebook 1004398647_strip_crash_1_14_0.jpg Police investigate the scene of an accident on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians on Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae 1004398647_strip_crash_12_7_0.jpg Police investigate the scene of an accident on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae 1004411555_strip_folo-dec23.jpg Police investigate the scene on the Las Vegas Strip outside Paris Las Vegas on Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015, after a car plowed into pedestrians on the sidewalk, killing one person and injuring 37 people, six critically. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae LakeishaHolloway_4.jpg LakeishaHolloway_4.jpg STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS10.JPG Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS15A.JPG Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. (Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae) STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS16.JPG Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. (Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae) STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS13.JPG Bystanders watch as police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS18.JPG Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. (Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae) STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS12.JPG Bystanders watch as police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS1720copy.jpg Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. (Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae) stripfatalone.jpg Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. (Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae) STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS03.JPG Metro Capt. Peter Bofelli briefs the media about a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS06.JPG Metro Deputy Chief Brett Zimmerman briefs the media about a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS01.JPG Police investigate the scene of a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae STRIP20FATAL20PHOTOS07.JPG Police Lt. Dan McGrath briefs the media about a crash on the Strip in Las Vegas that left one person dead and 37 injured after a car plowed into a group of pedestrians the evening of Sunday, Dec. 20, 2015. Rachel Aston/Las Vegas Review-Journal Follow @rookie__rae imagevideo Related links Car plows into pedestrians near Planet Hollywood, killing one, injuring 37 — VIDEO Arrest report, sheriff provide details of Strip crash that left 1 dead, dozens injured By Kimberly De La Cruz and David Ferrara Las Vegas Review-Journal Lakeisha Holloway’s path to the Strip seems to have passed out of homelessness and back again. And now the woman accused of driving her Oldsmobile onto a busy sidewalk Sunday, killing one and injuring dozens of others, faces a murder charge. On Tuesday, the Clark County district attorney’s office charged Holloway, 24, with one count each of murder with a deadly weapon; child abuse, neglect, or endangerment; and leaving the scene of an accident. Her first court appearance is scheduled for 8 a.m. today, the office said in a Tuesday morning news release. Not long ago, Holloway had seemed to be turning her life around. CNN reported an Oregon nonprofit organization gave Holloway a role model award in 2012. But on surveillance video taken Sunday,a source close to the investigation said, Holloway is seen driving her Oldsmobile along the Strip, creeping along with the flow of traffic, before suddenly accelerating and turning right onto the sidewalk in front of Planet Hollywood Resort. Pedestrians headed south scattered, but many of those walking north never saw Holloway’s car, as they were struck from behind. Holloway drove through the crosswalk in front of Paris Las Vegas and careened into a light pole. Jessica Valenzuela was trapped under the Oldsmobile for at least 200 yards as pedestrians ran alongside, banging on the car and trying to get Holloway to stop, the source said. Valenzuela, 32, of Buckeye, Ariz., died at University Medical Center. The Clark County coroner’s office did not determine the cause and manner of her death Tuesday. A crowdfunding campaign set up for Valenzuela described her as a wife and mother of three and had already raised more than $33,800 as of 4 p.m. Tuesday. Thirty-five people were injured in the crash, three of whom had critical head injuries, Clark County Sheriff Joe Lombardo said. Most of the injured were taken to Sunrise Hospital and Medical Center and UMC. Some of them were college athletes who had come to compete in the Wartburg Desert Duals wrestling tournament held annually in Las Vegas. Two of the teams, Pacific University of Oregon, and Delaware Valley University, pulled out of the competition Monday as four Pacific team members were injured and five Delaware Valley athletes were reported injured. Holloway told police that she remembered a body bouncing off her windshield, breaking it. She told police she was not on drugs or alcohol, according to the arrest report. Blood samples were taken from Holloway, and although she did not demonstrate signs of being under the influence of alcohol when she was arrested, she may have been on stimulants, the report said. Authorities are expecting results of Holloway’s drug test to be returned soon. Holloway’s lawyer, Deputy Public Defender Scott Coffee, said that her status at the jail “speaks to her mental state.” Of the allegations, he said “everybody realizes this is a tragic event,” but declined to comment further. As of Tuesday evening, two people remained in critical condition and three others were listed as serious, UMC spokeswoman Danita Cohen said. Metro officer Michael Rodriguez said Holloway is in medically restricted custody at the Clark County Detention Center, which could mean she is injured, needs medical attention or is suicidal. There is no designated “suicide watch,” Rodriguez said, and if someone in custody showed signs of being suicidal, “we would not disclose that.” Holloway was taken into custody Sunday without incident at the Tuscany, where Lombardo on Monday said she left her daughter in the car and told a valet to call the police because she had hit several people on the Strip. The 3-year-old child, who wasn’t hurt in the crash, was taken from the Tuscany, on the corner of Flamingo Road and Koval Lane, and into state custody at Child Haven, Lombardo said. “Generally speaking, when a child comes into our custody, we make contact with the parent, if available, to determine if there are relatives or ‘fictive kin’ (people who have a relationship with the child) who may be appropriate for the child’s placement,” Clark County spokesman Erik Pappa wrote in an email Tuesday. When asked whether the girl remained in state custody Tuesday, Pappa said he “can’t confirm much of anything.” It is unclear whether she has been placed with family, but Lombardo said officials were working to find her father. Las Vegas police are framing the incident as intentional. Lombardo said police do not know Holloway’s motive. Holloway’s fortunes seemed brighter not long ago, according to CNN. The nonprofit Portland Opportunities Industrial Center gave Holloway its C.A.R.E. Role Model Award in 2012. The center helps at-risk youth with education and career training. In a center video for that year, Holloway said she’d been homeless in high school, put out of the house during her high school freshman year by her mother. Holloway said her grades and attendance suffered, and by the end of that school year, her GPA was 1.41. But she turned things around. “I beat the odds and was the first of my family and my circle to graduate high school,” she said, adding that she graduated with a 3.4 GPA and $17,000 in scholarship money. Holloway said she was also the first in her family to go to college. Later, she landed a job at the U.S. Forest Service. “Boy, did I come a long ways,” Holloway said on the video. “I was a scared little girl who knew that there was more to life outside of crime, drug addiction, lower income, alcoholism, being undereducated — all of which I grew up being familiar with.” Las Vegas police don’t think Sunday’s crash was an act of terrorism, but Lombardo said they can’t rule it out fully until they know more about Holloway. A national background check turned up no prior arrests for her. Investigators determined that Holloway has been in Las Vegas for about a week, living in her car with her daughter. Holloway told police that security guards ran her off everywhere she stopped to get some sleep in her car. She ended up on the Strip, “a place she did not want to be,” and wouldn’t explain why she drove onto the sidewalk, according to the arrest record. In the release announcing the charges, Clark County District Attorney Steve Wolfson expressed sympathy for the victims and their families. “This is a horrendous and inexcusable act that has needlessly and tragically impacted countless lives,” he wrote. “I am confident that, as the investigation unfolds, we will be filing many more charges against Ms. Holloway.” — Contact Kimberly De La Cruz at [email protected] or 702-383-0381. Find her on Twitter: @KimberlyinLV. Contact reporter David Ferrara at [email protected] or 702-380-1039. Find him on Twitter @RandomPoker. Las Vegas Review-Journal writers Ricardo Torres and Matthew Crowley contributed to this report. Lakeisha Holloway Criminal Complaint Volunteers needed for…Police describe details of… by Taboola Sponsored Links From the Web 25 Adorable Photos That Will Melt Your Heart TheCelebrityLane Jackpot Games with Highest Chances to Win [Guide] Thedailyxpressen | PlayMillion New Investing Strategy To Wipe Out Inflation? Ultimate4Trading Toshiba’s 4K convertible is desirable but can you afford one? Tech Advisor Low Disposable Income? See How You Compare Money Advice Service 1970s Ads You Wont Believe Things Life Comment section guidelines The below comment section contains thoughts and opinions from users that in no way represent the views of the Las Vegas Review-Journal or GateHouse Media. This public platform is intended to provide a forum for users of reviewjournal.com to share ideas, express thoughtful opinions and carry the conversation beyond the article. Users must follow the guidelines under our Commenting Policy and are encouraged to use the moderation tools to help maintain civility and keep discussions on topic. by Taboola Sponsored Links From the Web 25 Adorable Photos That Will Melt Your Heart TheCelebrityLane Jackpot Games with Highest Chances to Win [Guide] Thedailyxpressen | PlayMillion New Investing Strategy To Wipe Out Inflation? Ultimate4Trading LIVE CHAT NOW SUBMIT A NEWS TIP Most Popular Top Commented ‘Distraught’ Holloway appears in court to face charges in Strip crash A message from the new owners about the future of the Las Vegas Review-Journal Judge in Adelson lawsuit subject to unusual scrutiny amid Review-Journal sale SolarCity stopping Nevada sales, installations after PUC ruling Dire warnings issued for rooftop-solar industry after new rates OK’d Columnists Features Patrick Everson Stocking stuffers on the day before Christmas Jane Ann Morrison Don’t be scammed; give wisely Politics Trump mentioned most at last week’s debate in Las Vegas Road Warrior Countdown clocks have issues, but dancing signal may be helping More Columnists , Integral Ad Science (AdSafe Media) – Ad Swapping|Impression| CALENDAR THU 24 FRI 25 SAT 26 SUN 27 MON 28 TUE 29 WED 30 A All Week MADAME TUSSAUDS LAS VEGAS Venetian Thursday, Dec 24, 10:00 am-9:00 pm JAN ROUVEN: ‘THE NEW ILLUSIONS’ Tropicana Thursday, Dec 24, 6:00 pm BRAD GARRETT’S COMEDY CLUB MGM Grand Thursday, Dec 24, 8:00 pm MICHAEL JACKSON ONE Mandalay Bay Friday, Dec 25, 7:00 pm Search for… Search Doctors Find New Facelift in a Bottle to Remove 20 Years of Aging Demi Cheated on for Looking Too Old – See Her Revenge Makeover Brain Booster Too Effective, Should It Be Banned? Barbara Walters: I am Done With the View and Never Felt Better Barbara Walters Refuses to Return to the View, Due to This Secret Research Reveals the Four Stages Before a Heart Attack Stephen Hawking Says This Smart Pill Is Proven to Double IQ Demi Gets Makeover Revenge on Ashton – See It Here What’s This?
December 26, 2015 Author: Category: Greg's Blog
Lakeisha Holloway’s path to the Strip seems to have passed out of homelessness and back again. And now the woman accused of driving her Oldsmobile onto a busy sidewalk Sunday, killing one and injuring dozens of others, faces a murder charge. On Tuesday, the Clark County district attorney’s office charged…
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New research from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania connects the sonic hedgehog to the regulation of repair and regeneration of damaged adult lung tissue. The studies, entitled “Hedgehog actively maintains adult lung quiescence and regulates repair and regeneration“ were funded by the National Heart, Lung & Blood Institute, an American Heart Association Fellow-to-Faculty Transition Award and an Actelion ENTELLIGENCE Award, and published online in Nature.
Well-known for its role in the control of embryonic development, the sonic hedgehog gene has been found in previous studies to be involved in the genomic pathway of lung disease in adults. Certain tissues, such as the lung and the liver, have low levels of cell renewal (turnover), but after stimulus such as an injury become very proliferative. These tissues are said to exist, in absence of such stimulus, in an inactive state, known as “quiescence.”
In order to understand how this state is maintained and regulated in the lung, first author Tien Peng, MD and other researchers experimented with the expression and activation of the hedgehog pathway in an animal model. Study results demonstrate that quiescence is actively maintained and regulated by hedgehog signaling, an outcome that left researchers surprised, as stated by senior author Ed Morrisey, PhD, director of the Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology and scientific director of the Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine: “We were surprised. This was the exact opposite of what other researchers had suggested and pretty much the opposite of what happens during development. We scratched our heads for a long time.”
The team of researchers studied the effect of the hedgehog gene by first deleting it in airway epithelial cells, where the protein made from the gene is secreted to act on the mesenchymal lining the airways. The loss of gene expression resulted in the proliferation of mesenchymal cells, a result also observed when the hedgehog signaling was directly inactivated in these cells. In addition, after lung injury, hedgehog signaling was decreased. In order to frame the direct effect of hedgehog gene expression in the lung injury event, the team turned on the gene’s expression and observed that mesenchymal cell proliferation was inhibited. Researchers concluded that increased hedgehog signaling is involved in the loss of regenerative properties of adult lung tissue, suppression of cell proliferation and maintenance of mesenchymal and epithelial quiescence.
The research presented greatly contributes to the understanding of development pathways and also provides important information for treatment of degenerative adult lung disease, such as COPD and asthma.
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Tagged lung tissue, quiescence, Sonic Hedgehog Gene.
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Around the world millions of people are still at home, waiting for this and other measures to take effect to face the coronavirus outbreak that has affected us for months now. From the perspective of those of us who work in the media, these have been exhausting days.
In my particular case, this week, from my chair at home, I published two projects related to the virus and there are still many more waiting. You can have a look here: https://reut.rs/3cnZ7e8 and here: https://reut.rs/3etB13s
How coronavirus hitched a ride through China
For the first project I did a lot of illustrations, but also a bunch of graphics that you may not notice, there are about 135 maps (including different device sizes), also there are about 37,324 human icons, illustrator was about to set on fire my laptop while editing those icons 😂
And some of the thousands of humans featured in the story:
A breath of fresh air
The second project was a little different. Around the first week of February, I was curious about air quality in China and what could cause the lockdown, I discussed it with my boss the idea, but we never had time to go further and analyse the data. Few days later I did a quick search just to see if there was something interesting there:
Surface NO2 captures from earth.nullschool.net | on the right January 2020 day by day, at the left, February same logic. (Not for publish just to see what’s going on back then)
Then, I saw some other media and people doing nice stories about nitrogen dioxide, so, the idea stay in the back of my mind for a while. Finally, when April arrived, I was able to resume the project, and I took on the task of generating some basic visualisations and charts to share the idea with the team and a series of scientists from various disciplines.
Part of the maps shown in Reuters story.
Of all this latest project, what I enjoyed the most was seeing the maps.
The pollution spots draw the high mountains in different parts of the world. I find it hypnotic to see those patterns without any labels or borders, just the data giving shape to the mountains, plateaus…
Anyway, I hope you enjoy these projects as much as I enjoy creating them.
One last note: The map on top of this post is about optical aerosol (AOD), based in data of GMAO/NASA. Picture of the day (March 01, 2020).
Many thanks to all the scientist and experts that help us to get that story out on time!
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Kenneth Burke’s Pentad is a popular heuristic that allows us to analyze motivation in any dramatic situation. At a basic level, the Pentad functions like the journalistic questions (who? where? what? when? why? how?). However, the Pentad’s true function has more to do with the relationship between its five terms. Burke argued that motivation cannot be properly explained as having a single or simple cause. In a dramatic and rhetorical situation, motivation is a matter of the relationships (the ratios) between terms.
You are watching: What is the purpose of a pentad
The Pentad
Burke explained the Pentad in his book A Grammar of Motives (originally published in 1945):
“ny complete statement about motives will offer some kind of answers to these five questions: what was done (act), when or where it was done (scene), who did it (agent), how he did it (agency), and why (purpose)” (p. x).
When represented visually, the five terms are placed at the points of a star (in any order):
The Pentad helps us describe dramatic situations. Take the following sentence:
This morning, Tom got so bothered by the lack of light in his living room that he grabbed a chainsaw and cut down the apple tree in front of the window.
We can organize the information as follows:
Agent: TomAct: Cutting down the apple treeAgency: The chainsawScene: Morning (when), in the garden (where)Purpose: To let more light in
You can see why Burke talks about a grammar of motives: analyzing a sentence in this way is not that different from parsing a sentence for parts of speech.
The real question, however, is where we locate motivation in all of this. If we describe the situation from Tom’s perspective, then we would say that he made a decision to cut down the tree. If we focus on the scene, by contrast, then we might say that the lighting (or rather the lack of light) drove Tom to grab his chainsaw.
Burke’s Pentad thus allows us to notice all the elements of a scene or composition, and it forces us to decide what has caused some action to take place.
Application
The value of Burke’s Pentad is easily demonstrated by analyzing a photograph or painting. Take Alfred Eisenstaedt’s famous photo of a couple kissing on Victory over Japan Day in Times Square (1945):
At the time of the photograph, the identities of the sailor and young woman were not known. The photo was printed in Life magazine, accompanied by the following caption:
“In New York’s Times Square a white-clad girl clutches her purse and skirt as an uninhibited sailor plants his lips squarely on hers” (“V-J Day”).
The Pentad helps us to spot the scene (V-J Day in New York’s Times Square) as well as the agents (girl and sailor), the purpose (celebration), and the act and agency (the kiss).
That is, of course, if we focus on the centre of the picture. If we zoom out a bit we might notice many other agents and acts. In fact, even the photographer is acting by snapping a photo. The Pentad therefore tells us as much about our priorities and focus as about the object in view.
The Pentad also demonstrates that accounting for motivation is rarely a simple matter. The sailor didn’t know the girl, and so feminist critics have argued that the kiss was an act of sexual assault. She was simply walking along before being grabbed by a random stranger. Others suggest that the sailor shouldn’t be blamed. He had been drinking to celebrate the end of the war, and was so overjoyed (as well as thankful for the work of nurses in the war), that he kissed this young woman (who looked like she was dressed as a nurse). We can thus easily ascribe motivation to the scene itself–the circumstances of joy and jubilation–that brought these two young people together. In fact, we might find motivation even further afield, in the romantic motif of the hero who can sweep a girl off her feet–a motif common to western culture. Before we know it, we’re studying sociology.
Ratios
The Pentad is most useful when we look for the relationships (ratios) between our five terms. As Richard Coe has pointed out (p. 82), a good strategy is to pick a topic and one term (e.g., Act) that captures it:
For example, let’s say that our topic is “students skipping classes,” a situation we can classify as primarily an act.
We can now explain this action by creating the following ratios:
Agent-Act: The act is the result of the agent’s motivation.
See more: 2005 Chevy Silverado Transfer Case Control Module Location, Transfer Case Control Module
Ex. The students were lazy. That’s why they skipped classes on a regular basis.
Agency-Act: The act is the result of the available tools or means.
Ex. Since no buses ran that early, the students couldn’t make use of public transport to get to class. That’s why many skipped class on a regular basis.
Scene-Act: The act is the result of the setting and circumstances.
Ex. The school is right beside a beach. Can you blame young people for being drawn away to admire the local scenery?
Purpose-Act: The act is the result of a particular purpose.
Ex. The students skipped class because skipping class is fun.
Act-Act: The act is the result of another act.
Ex. In the first class, the teacher embarrassed one of the students, so the students felt entitled to skip class.
As you can see from these possibilities, the Pentad helps us to question motivation. It reveals that many explanations are possible.
Conclusion
The Pentad works particularly well for dramatic situations that involve human agents. It is less useful in describing scenes of nature. In addition, to use a Pentad properly we have to investigate the relationships (the ratios) between the five terms. The Pentad is meant to stimulate complex explanations of motivation. Rather than reduce causality to a simple cause, the Pentad makes us realize that human action has many competing explanations.
See more: Could The Revolutionary War Been Avoided, Was American Independence Inevitable
Works Cited
Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. New York, Prentice-Hall, 1952.Coe, Richard M. Process, Form, and Substance: A Rhetoric for Advanced Writers. 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 1990.Eisenstaedt, Alfred. “V-J Day in Times Square” . 1945. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1399766.“V-J Day in Times Square.” Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-J_Day_in_Times_Square.
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Dr. Bonnie Henry, MD MPH FRCPC (born 1965/1966), is a Canadian physician who is the Provincial Health Officer for British Columbia, the first woman in this position. Dr. Henry is also an associate professor at the University of British Columbia
She has a background in epidemiology and is a specialist in public health and preventive medicine (also known as community medicine). Her handling of the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia earned praise in a dedicated New York Times article that called her "one of the most effective public health officials in the world".
COVID-19:
Dr. Bonnie Henry's down to earth advice
1. We may have to live with C19 for months or years. Let's not deny it or panic. Let's not make our lives useless. Let's learn to live with this fact.
2. You can't destroy C19 viruses that have penetrated cell walls, by drinking gallons of hot water — you'll just go to the bathroom more often.
3. Washing hands and maintaining a two-metre physical distance is the best method for your protection.
4. If you don't have a C19 patient at home, there's no need to disinfect the surfaces at your house.
5. Packaged cargo, gas pumps, shopping carts and ATMs do not cause infection. If you wash your hands, live your life as usual.
6. C19 is not a food infection. It is associated with drops of infection like the flu. There is no demonstrated risk that C19 is transmitted by food.
7. You can lose your sense of smell with a lot of allergies and viral infections. This is only a non-specific symptom of C19.
8. Once at home, you don't need to change your clothes urgently and go shower! Purity is a virtue, paranoia is not!
9. The C19 virus doesn't hang in the air for long. This is a respiratory droplet infection that requires close contact.
10. The air is clean; you can walk through the gardens and through parks (just keeping your physical protection distance).
11. It is sufficient to use normal soap against C19, not antibacterial soap. This is a virus, not a bacterium.
12. You don't have to worry about your food orders. But you can heat it all up in the microwave, if you wish.
13. The chances of bringing C19 home with your shoes is like being struck by lightning twice in a day. I've been working against viruses for 20 years — drop infections don't spread like that!
14. You can't be protected from the virus by taking vinegar, sugarcane juice and ginger! These are for immunity not a cure.
15. Wearing a mask for long periods interferes with your breathing and oxygen levels. Wear it only in crowds.
16. Wearing gloves is also a bad idea; the virus can accumulate into the glove and be easily transmitted if you touch your face. Better just to wash your hands regularly. Immunity is greatly weakened by always staying in a sterile environment. Even if you eat immune boosting foods, please go out of your house regularly to any park/beach. Immunity is increased by EXPOSURE TO PATHOGENS, not by sitting at home and consuming fried/spicy/sugary food and aerated drinks.
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[cnn-photo-caption image= http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2009/images/10/16/art.tomharkin.gi.jpg caption="Sen. Tom Harkin promised Friday that a health care bill will be on President Obama's desk before Christmas."]
WASHINGTON (CNN) - Iowa Sen. Tom Harkin, the Democrat who chairs one of the Senate committees tasked with developing health care legislation, promised Friday that a health care bill will be on President Obama's desk before Christmas and will include a so-called "public option."
"I believe we are in an irrevocable position," Harkin said on a conference call organized by the health care reform group Families USA. "The momentum is there. We will not get stopped by the obstructionists. We will have the votes."
Harkin became chairman of the Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee after the former chairman, the late Ted Kennedy, passed away in September. His committee has already passed a more liberal version of the health care bill that includes a public option - legislation that will have to be merged with the bill that passed the Senate Finance Committee earlier this week before the Senate can vote on final legislation. Democrats need sixty votes to end debate before a vote can held.
Pointing to a Thursday meeting of Senate Democrats in which most members of the caucus expressed support for a government-run insurance plan, Harkin said only five members of his party are holding up progress toward a such a plan.
"Should the five come on board with the vast majority?" Harkin asked. "I think the answer is clear."
But Harkin also said he was open to legislation that includes health care co-ops, as long as they are offered as a choice alongside a public option.
The Iowa Democrat estimated the final health care bill should cost $900 bill over 10 years and will mandate that all Americans purchase some kind of health insurance.
Filed under: Health care • President Obama • Tom Harkin
soundoff (148 Responses)
Todd Schmidt
Just have to have that Government run option in there so that you can push the way for a single payor. I say screw the bill.
October 16, 2009 03:24 pm at 3:24 pm |
Gee
I don't know about anyone else, but when the elections come along, I am voting against any democrap I have the opportunity to vote down. These people need to be voted out of office for pushing this terrible healthcare package down the throats of the people.....they are not listening! We don't want it!! AND it is unecessary.....
October 16, 2009 03:35 pm at 3:35 pm |
Karon - Houston
Horray! Now they need to limit co-pays and yearly deductables. I have Medicare and I have to pay out-of-pocket $1253 per chemo treatment for my cancer! I have to have 6 treatments and that doesn't include all the tests I have to have each time after the 6 treatments so that the doctors can figure out if they got it all! Plus, since I have a spot of colonic cancer, I am only allowed a colonosky once every 2 years although I need one every 6 months to make sure the cancer is
controlled so I have to pay over $3000 for each follow-up test!
But it sure beats having to pay for everything with no insurance. Each chemo costs $18,000! The pharmacutical companies are making out like bandits! No wonder no one wants a cure for cancer!
October 16, 2009 03:35 pm at 3:35 pm |
machtim akannah
First you say you do, and then you don't, and then you say you will, and then you won't......etc.
We need facts, not speculation, not conjecture, and most of all we need an understandable list of what the bill may or may not include. As a matter of fact, Congress needs the same list. I suspect few if any have read the bill in its entirety since they are working only a 3 day week and plan for their non-congressional activities during that time.
October 16, 2009 03:38 pm at 3:38 pm |
kaleto
Well, the part about mandating all Americans purchase some kind of health insurance is clearly unconstitutional. I'm just glad the dems don't have a majority on the Supreme Court!
October 16, 2009 03:38 pm at 3:38 pm |
Liberal in Nebraska
If there is no public option you can't call it reform. The fact that the insurance/drug companies are so adament against it should make everyone want it.
October 16, 2009 03:39 pm at 3:39 pm |
Voted4HealthCare
Let's get it passed for ALL Americans.
The public option is supported by the majority in our country and will help ensure reasonable competition against the status quo of unacceptable greed in the insurance lobby.
Health Reforms Now with a public option. Yes WE Can!
October 16, 2009 03:40 pm at 3:40 pm |
OldUncleTom
Simple for me, really. If I am to be ordered to purchase something by the government, they had better offer to sell it to me. I don't care if they are agents or principals, I will not purchase a private-sector product with a government mandate. It is just plain wrong.
And drop the lame "car insurance" example too, while we are at it. If I don't want car insurance, I can sell my car and give up driving.
What should I give up if I don't want to be robbed blind by a health insurance pimp? Breathing maybe?
No Public Option, No Mandate... there is a compromise I can live with.
October 16, 2009 03:42 pm at 3:42 pm |
Wynter
The ONLY way to assure that the Health Insurance Companies play by the rules and keep prices down is the PUBLIC OPTION.
Cooperatives, Triggers, etc will NOT help US, it will only give the Insurance Companies another 10-20 years to take us to the cleaners using loopholes, workarounds, and outright illegal activities on the citizens of the United States.
Only the PUBLIC OPTION forces these companies to have real COMPETITION in the markets. DON'T let them talk your congressmen out of REAL CHANGE!
October 16, 2009 03:44 pm at 3:44 pm |
E
go for it!
October 16, 2009 03:45 pm at 3:45 pm |
Fair is Fair
"Pointing to a Thursday meeting of Senate Democrats in which most members of the caucus expressed support for a government-run insurance plan, Harkin said only five members of his party are holding up progress toward a such a plan."
________________________
Last time I checked, 60 – 5 = 55. Byrd won't be there and Lieberman said no. So that's 53. Not enough, Harkin. Baucus is right.
October 16, 2009 03:47 pm at 3:47 pm |
Jim
There is no fiscal reason to be againsts a public option. The only reasons to be against it are that you are bought by the insurance companies, or your constituents are against it in contradiction to their own self interests. Insurance companies bring nothing to the table that makes us healthier, they just take a slice of the pie.
October 16, 2009 03:47 pm at 3:47 pm |
LacrosseDad
waterloo...no free health insurance for unions and welfare lovers.
October 16, 2009 03:50 pm at 3:50 pm |
Obama worst president EVER
How about Harkin loses his public option and has to get a real job? Shove your government health care.
October 16, 2009 03:50 pm at 3:50 pm |
A.B.
I sincerely hope Senator Harkin is right. The public option is integral to the effectiveness and credibility of H.R. 3200. In fact, I think the public option is the essence of true health insurance reform.
October 16, 2009 03:52 pm at 3:52 pm |
ib
The so called public option will kill our health care. $400 billion cut on medicare will kill health care for seniors and the demo's and far left talk about how this help.Someone please help us since the demos care nothing about the seniors in this country.
October 16, 2009 03:52 pm at 3:52 pm |
howie
The democrats simply do not get it, in spite of what America says. They DO NOT WANT A PUBLIC OPTION. Get the democrat congress hearing aids.
October 16, 2009 03:56 pm at 3:56 pm |
Bedtime for Obonzo
This just in from CNN-Breaking News....
Obama administration says U.S. ran a $1.42 trillion deficit in fiscal year 2009 - the largest since 1945.
October 16, 2009 03:56 pm at 3:56 pm |
seebofubar
Hey Harkin...move to Russia or Cuba or someplace where you can destroy freedom and free enterprise. You'll probably like it there, they've already done some of the stupid things Democrats want to do here. It's hard to believe that anyone with more than a third grade education would support the public option, but then again you are a democrat and probably got through third grade with the help of affirmative action.
October 16, 2009 03:57 pm at 3:57 pm |
Minnesotan
Most Americans want a Public Option. Most Republicans don't. You tell me who has the greater numbers.
October 16, 2009 03:59 pm at 3:59 pm |
Chloe in Chatsworth, CA
Any bill without a public option will be welfare for the big insurance monopolies. One out of every three dollars spent on health care goes to the insurance companies' profit and overhead, including millions "earned" by over-paid executives. Requiring that every citizen carry insurance and providing subsidies to those who can't afford it will provide the biggest windfall for for-profit insurance companies in corporate history.
October 16, 2009 04:00 pm at 4:00 pm |
New Age Independent
Why does health-care reform need to have a public option? It tells me that Democrats have no clue what the real problems of today's health-care on normal citizens. Their response is to create a completely new government run option? They arrive at this based on what? The success at running other government run endeavors? The government has had little success running any business, and there's no reason to believe that this "public option" wont be another worthless plan. The only realistic result will be more taxes, with little improvement at all, oh, and of course more corruption.
October 16, 2009 04:00 pm at 4:00 pm |
Ex-Repug
I hope Harkin and the Dems are finally going to get aggressive. It should be Public Option or bust. Hopefully they already decided that they will be using reconciliation to get this through. We tried bipartisan – it didn't work. The Repugs would used reconciliation already like they have done in the past.
October 16, 2009 04:09 pm at 4:09 pm |
Hammerer
Dems want to talk about and what a great thing they are doing, but where are the jobs for the American worker? Unemployment stands at 17%( not the 9.9% that the regimen is trying to sell) and no relief in sight( some must suffer for the good of the underprivileged). If no one works who will pay the taxes necessary for free healthcare. Oh they don't want to hear that.
October 16, 2009 04:09 pm at 4:09 pm |
Ain't life strange?
@ Joe and all of the other misinformed posters who think health care reform with a public option will bankrupt America... how about the needless 'war' in Iraq that makes 90 billion a year for 10 years look like a bargain? And, guess what Joe... Americans will be the recipients of the tax dollars. People who have no insurance won't have to face a 'death panel' when they become seariously sick. Or, are you opposed to that?
October 16, 2009 04:12 pm at 4:12 pm |
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Pregnancy is an enormously important phase in the life of women. This is the phase where maximum care is required because a new life is nurtured inside the women. Some people have myth related to the drinking of lemon juice during this phase that whether is it safe to have it during pregnancy? Well, answer to it is surely a big YES. Drinking lemon juice is quite beneficial to pregnant women because of the following reasons:
Good for the growing embryo: Lemon juice is rich in potassium. Thus, consumption of lemon juice by pregnant women helps in the proper development of bones of the growing embryo.
High antioxidants amount: Lemon is rich in antioxidants. Thus, consumption of it makes both the pregnant and growing embryo healthy i.e. free from diseases.
Increases hydration: Consumption of a glass of lemon juice makes the body hydrated. Thus, it rejuvenates the body.
Decreases the problem of acidity: Heartburn is reduced to a great extent by consuming a glass of lemon juice both in the early morning and the sleeping time.
Relieves morning sickness: Drinking lemon juice reduces the problem of nausea as it eases the function of the bile.
Reducing the blood pressure: Lemon juice helps in reducing the hypertension problem naturally, however, persistent problem of high blood pressure should always be consulted with a good doctor.
Reducing the elevated cholesterol level: Drinking lemon juice regularly helps in maintaining the right level of cholesterol in the blood.
Acts as an immunity booster: Lemon is rich in Vitamin C, which is quite an important vitamin for boosting the immunity. Thus, having it regularly makes an individual resistant to diseases.
Eases the bowel movement: Regular consumption of lemon juice eases the bowel movement of the pregnant woman, thus she is relieved from the problem of constipation.
Helps in the uterine contractions at the time of labor: Unbearable uterine contractions at the time of labor lessens down by the regular consumption of lemonade.
Reducing the problem of swollen feet: With each progressing day of the pregnancy, the weight of the pregnant woman increases, thus, the problem of varicose veins becomes quite common. Consumption of lemon juice since the beginning of the pregnancy helps in giving relief to this problem.
Relieve from other ailments: The pregnant women are at high risk for diabetes, increased thyroid etc, and consumption of lemonade during this phase increases immunity to these problems too.
Regular consumption of lemon juice by pregnant women increases the amount of magnesium in the blood.
Reduces dental caries: Lemon is a rich source of vitamin C. It helps in proper dental growth too.
These are the overall benefits of consuming lemon juice. But there are certain pregnant women, who are allergic to lemon juice in one way or the either. Thus, if such pregnant women show any minor allergic reaction, then it should be consulted to their obstetrician.
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The purpose of leveling is to determine the variations in height among two points – as for instance, the surface of a river and the top of a levee, or ground level and a hilltop. To avoid systematic errors pertaining to climatic conditions or to residual line-of-sight error, the instrument should be arranged with equal distance from the two points. To make exact horizontal and vertical calculations, a basic reference point should be created by altering the level to maintain the accuracy to the actual horizontal and vertical planes.
Height Difference Among 2 Points:
To work out the variation in height, get the difference among staff readings for the backsight (A) minus the foresight (B).
Calculate The Distances Optically with the Level:
The vertical cross-hair of the reticle (the viewfinder's internal target) is passed by two short stadia lines parallel to the horizontal cross-hair. Go through the eyepiece and record the distance among the upper stadia line and the horizontal cross-hair. Now, read the distance among the horizontal cross-hair and the lower stadia line. Deduct the lower distance from the upper and multiply with 100 to get the distance reading.
Line Leveling:
If points A and B situate far away, the height difference among the two points will be obtained by line leveling. Apply target distances normally among 30-50 meters. Measure the distances among the instrument and the two staffs; they should be equivalent.
Determine the Height Difference:
1. Install the instrument at S1.
2. Settle the staff in proper manner vertically at point B; read off and note down the height (backsight R).
3. Settle the staff at the turning point 1 (ground plate or prominent ground point); read off and note down the height (foresight V).
4. Install the instrument at S2 (the staff persists at the turning point 1).
5. Rotate the staff at the turning point 1 with caution in order that it faces the instrument.
6. Read off the backsight and do the process again (S3, S4, etc.) as necessary unless you get to the end.
7. The variation in height among A and B is equivalent to the sum of the backsight and the foresight.
Staking Out Point Heights:
Suppose, there is an excavation, where point B should be set out one meter under street level. Calculate it in the following manner:
1. Prepare the level in order that the sighting distances to points A and B remain the same.
2. Settle the staff at point A and read off the backsight R.
3. Now settle the staff at B and read off the foresight V. To determine the variation h from the required height at B, apply the formula h = V − R − ∆H.
4. Set in a post at point B and demarcate the necessary height.
5. The task can also be performed by working out the necessary staff reading in advance. Apply the formula V = R − ∆H. Then, shift the leveling staff up or down unless you can read off that necessary value in the level.
Longitudinal and Transverse Profiles:
If it is required to plan and track a communications route (e.g., a road), measure fill, and/or adjust the route to the topography so far as possible, apply longitudinal and transverse profiles.
Longitudinal Profiling:
Track and station the longitudinal axis by setting up and demarcating points at equal spaces. Apply the line level to find out the heights of the station points. It belongs to the longitudinal profile.
Transverse Profiling:
At right angles to the roadline, record each of the station points and apparent topographic features.
Determine the ground heights for each of the points in the transverse profile, with the recognized instrument height:
1. Location of the staff at a specified station point. The instrument height is equivalent to the sum of the staff reading and the station point height.
2. At each point on the transverse profile, deduct the staff reading from the instrument height. It provides you the height of each point.
3. The distances can be calculated from the station point to each point in the transverse profile, either with surveyor's tape or optically with the level.
A longitudinal profile drawing will demonstrate the heights of the station points at a bigger scale (e.g., 10x) as compared to those in the longitudinal direction, that is associated with a round reference height.
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Dehenna Davison is branded sinful and deluded by online trolls after she came out as bisexual – Late Breaking News
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Dehenna Davison is branded sinful and deluded by online trolls after she came out as bisexual
October 12, 2021 EditorComment(0)
Conservative MP Dehenna Davison is branded sinful and ‘deluded’ by online trolls after she came out as bisexual
Dehenna Davison, 28, branded ‘sinful’ and ‘deluded’ by twisted online trolls
The Conservative MP for Bishop Auckland had revealed she was bisexual
But she outed several hateful messages that criticised her for coming out
By Jacob Thorburn For Mailonline
Published: 05:16 EDT, 12 October 2021 | Updated: 05:24 EDT, 12 October 2021
Conservative MP Dehenna Davison was branded ‘sinful’ and ‘deluded’ after twisted online trolls targeted her for coming out as bisexual.
The Bishop Auckland MP, 28, was told a relationship between two women was ‘a sin’ in one cruel post.
She was also told she wouldn’t be allowed in a church again and branded ‘deluded’ in other hate-filled messages.
Davison, who is in the process of divorcing her husband John Fareham, revealed her sexuality on Sunday and admitted she did not consider it to be ‘a big deal’.
Ms Davison is understood to be the first female Conservative MP to come out publicly as bisexual.
She told GB News: ‘If anyone were to explicitly ask me, I certainly wouldn’t try and hide it because I don’t think it’s anything to be ashamed of.
‘The reason I haven’t done a kind of, “By the way, guys”, is because I don’t want being bi to be considered a big deal.
‘If I did a very public kind of coming-out parade, that would be me saying there’s something really unusual about this and trying to make a big deal of it when to me it’s not. It’s just part of who I am.’
Conservative MP Dehenna Davison, 28, was branded ‘sinful’ and ‘deluded’ after twisted online trolls targeted her for coming out as bisexual
Davison also outed one person’s particularly cruel message (above) which described her as ‘deluded’ and demanded she be ‘deselected’ at the next General Election
After news broke on Sunday, Davison tweeted: ‘Really overwhelmed by the outpouring of love this evening.
‘Thank you so much for your support.’
But the Tory MP’s announcement wasn’t entirely met with praise – with a hateful section of online commenters accusing her of a ‘publicity stunt’.
One Twitter user wrote: ‘Publicity stunt.
‘Be more surprised if celebs and MPs came out as straight to be honest.’
Davison, who is in the process of divorcing her husband John Fareham (pictured together), revealed her sexuality on Sunday and admitted she did not consider it to be ‘a big deal’.
Troll Chakib Miraoui added: ‘When admitting sexual duality becomes a virtue in itself.
‘Sex between two women is a great sin in the eyes of God.
‘I hope you’re not planning on ever going to church again.’
Davison also outed one person’s particularly cruel message which described her as ‘deluded’ and demanded she be ‘deselected’ at the next General Election.
The anonymous email read: ‘If you are so deluded to think bisexual, homosexual, trans etc is normal, you are not someone to represent us in Parliament.
‘I dread to think of all the hate crime, pro queer laws you would want.
‘You have been deselected.’
In response, Davison joked: ‘Someone clearly needs more rainbows in their life’.
Fellow Tory MP Chris Clarkson, who is openly gay, quipped: ‘Wait until they meet the rest of the Parliamentary Party.’
Ms Davison became the first Conservative MP in the former Labour stronghold in more than 80 years when she won the seat from Helen Goodman in 2019.
She won a majority of almost 8,000 as her party made unprecedented gains across the North East.
Following the General Election, she split from Hull councillor John Fareham – who she married in 2018.
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Las escuelas son un nuevo campo de batalla en la guerra de desinformación sobre las vacunas de covid-19
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Russia has another record of daily deaths from COVID-19 as authorities across the country decided to prevent most people from working under a Kremlin order to stem the spread.
The Russian Coronavirus Task Force on Wednesday recorded 1,123 deaths in 24 hours, the largest daily toll since the start of the pandemic. It also reported 36,582 new cases of coronavirus, including 5,789 in Moscow.
To fight the contagion, Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered a period of non-work from October 30 to November 7, when most state organizations and private companies must suspend their activities.
The Russian leader encouraged the worst-affected regions to start the rest period earlier and possibly extend it beyond November 7. Six of Russia’s 85 regions began the period of inactivity on Monday, and more joined them on Tuesday. Moscow is due to suspend most people’s work on Thursday.
A medical worker administers an injection of the Russian vaccine against the Sputnik Lite coronavirus on Tuesday at a vaccination center in Moscow. (Pavel Golovkin / The Associated Press)
Russian authorities expect free time to help limit the spread of contagion by preventing people from accessing offices and public transport, but many Russians have sought to take advantage of this time for vacations to the sea before the long winter season.
Russia is not the only country facing a slight increase in cases. According to a World Health Organization weekly pandemic report, more than 2.9 million new cases of COVID-19 were reported worldwide during the week of October 18 to 24, up from about 4% compared to the previous week.
WHO weekly summary said the highest number of new cases last week were reported in:
The United States, which recorded 512,956 new cases, a drop of 12% from the previous week.
The United Kingdom, which recorded 330,465 new cases, an increase of 16%.
Russia, which registered 248,956 new cases, an increase of 15%.
Turkey, which recorded 196,850 new cases, a drop of 8%.
Ukraine, which registered 134,235 new cases, an increase of 43%.
A medical specialist treats a COVID-19 patient in the intensive care unit of the No.3 City Clinical Hospital in Kiev, Ukraine. (Stanislav Kozliuk / Reuters)
The number of deaths reported worldwide last week was more than 49,000, according to the report, up about 5% from the previous week.
Europe stood out as the only major region in the world to report an increase in both coronavirus cases and deaths over the past week, with double-digit percentage increases in each.
WHO officials have highlighted a number of factors explaining Europe’s current problems, including relatively low vaccination rates in some countries in Eastern Europe.
-From The Associated Press and CBC News, last updated 6:30 p.m. ET
What’s happening across Canada
WATCH | Dr Isaac Bogoch answers viewers’ questions about breakthrough infections, reminders:
Infectious disease specialist on revolutionary cases of COVID-19, recalls
Infectious disease specialist Dr Isaac Bogoch answers your questions about COVID-19, including why there are still breakthrough cases among fully vaccinated people and how long the vaccines will last. 7:35
What is happening in the world
A health worker on Tuesday gives a student a dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine during a vaccination campaign for 16 and 17 year olds at Primero de Mayo School in La Paz, Bolivia. (Juan Karita / The Associated Press)
As of Wednesday evening, more than 244.8 million cases of COVID-19 had been reported worldwide, according to the Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Tracker. The death toll worldwide was over 4.9 million.
In the Americas, a panel of experts overwhelmingly voted to recommend that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorize the Pfizer and BioNTech vaccine for children aged five to 11, saying the benefits of inoculation outweigh the risks.
Separately, a report from the United States House of Representatives indicates that at least 59,000 meat packing workers fell ill with COVID-19 and 269 workers died when the virus ravaged the industry. last year. The report released on Wednesday shows the coronavirus has hit the industry much harder than previously thought and says companies could have done more to protect their employees.
In EuropeSlovenia’s health minister warned on Wednesday that the country could face a nightmarish scenario if it did not contain the virus outbreak raging in the small Alpine nation and other countries with low vaccination rates from central and eastern Europe.
Health Minister Janez Poklukar said hospital beds were filling up as the country saw the highest number of daily cases since January. With more than 3,000 confirmed infections in the past 24 hours, Poklukar said a lockdown is looming.
“As we looked with fear in neighboring Italy at the start of the epidemic, we are now at a crossroads due to low vaccination rates and we could easily have a scenario of Bergamo,” Poklukar said, mentioning the Italian town. that was hit hard earlier. in the pandemic.
Sweden will start offering callbacks to social workers and people aged 65 or older and plans to gradually extend the third blow to most Swedes in the coming months, the government said.
In the Asia Pacific region, Vietnam’s health ministry has approved vaccinations for children between the ages of 12 and 17, with older adolescents in more populous cities receiving the first doses. There are approximately 14 million Vietnamese children in this age group.
China has reported nearly 250 locally transmitted COVID-19 cases since the current outbreak began 10 days ago, with numerous infections in remote towns along porous international borders in the country’s northwest. The country recorded 50 new local cases as of October 26, the highest daily number since September 16, according to official data released Wednesday.
All fully vaccinated Australian citizens and permanent residents will be able to leave the country without special exemption from November 1, authorities said.
In South Africa, the country most affected Africa – the Ministry of Health on Tuesday reported 331 new cases of COVID-19 and 53 additional deaths. According to the Johns Hopkins tracker, nearly 20% of the country’s population is fully vaccinated.
More than 8.4 million confirmed cases of # COVID19 on the African continent – with over 7.9 million recoveries & 217,000 deaths in total.
View country numbers & more with the WHO African Region COVID-19 dashboard: https://t.co/FKav40Cbdd pic.twitter.com/8e6EbDvjLY
–@WHOAFRO
In the Middle East, the Saudi Ministry of Health on Tuesday reported 65 new cases of COVID-19 and two more deaths. With just over 62% of the population fully vaccinated, health officials have again urged people to take both doses of an approved COVID-19 vaccine.
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This is the first comic hinting that the comic was not all laughs and there was going to be a serious side as well. In other words, the comic was a story.
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For alumna Juli Rohl, a week in the woods with the late Dr. David Lertzman was (and still is) a mind-shifter that has made her more compassionate, courageous and nimble in everything she does.
Author
Valerie Fortney, BA’86, arch magazine
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In striving to be “the best geologist (I) could be,” Juli Rohl decided to follow her Bachelor of Science with an MBA. In 2008, she found herself at the Haskayne School of Business, where she met Dr. David Lertzman, PhD — an educator who would not only change her way of thinking, but her entire life.
“I hadn’t learned anything about accounting and economics in my first degree, so I found all of that fascinating,” says Rohl, BSc’05, MBA’11. “But what really grabbed my interest was this course other students were calling ‘camping for credit.’”
Familiar with the field school approach while doing her geology degree, Rohl didn’t have the same skeptical reaction as some of her peers. “Endure rugged terrain and extreme conditions? Sleep outside with nothing but a tarp and a sleeping bag? That was definitely for me,” says Rohl, who is just one of hundreds of alumni who, like her, work in the kind of resources industries where decisions are regularly made that impact the land and society. “It turned out to be nothing short of transformative; it opened up my eyes to a world I wanted to participate in.”
Before heading into the woods with the Lertzman-led Haskayne Wilderness Retreat (BSEN 749), Rohl had to devour an “enormous” booklet of academic readings on sustainability and business. Once at the weeklong retreat in Kananaskis that included instruction from Indigenous elders, she was treated to a program that, she says, “weaves academic learnings of sustainability theory with Indigenous world views — a melding of science with Indigenous culture.” Students are limited in what they can bring beyond a change of clothing, drinking water, sleeping bag, tarp and cord, matches, and a journal for writing their thoughts. Anything that tells time — like a watch, laptop or cellphone — is forbidden.
The experience includes guided walks through the forest, learning such basic outdoor skills as how to build and start a fire, and some physical challenges that include climbing up to Prairie View Lookout, a 6.6 kilometre hike with an elevation of more than 400 metres.
At one point, participants are sent out on a solo 24 hours in the forest with no food and only water, a tarp and a rope — what Rohl calls a “kind of vision quest,” embarked upon after a sweat lodge ceremony led by an Indigenous elder.
“The students are supported in going as far away, or as staying as close to camp, as they feel comfortable with, to push their personal boundaries,” says Rohl. “And, when all that is done, you have to write a paper on your experiences and what you learned.”
For Rohl, who doesn’t like to reveal everything about what goes on during the retreat — “enough secret sauce to dip your toes in,” she says, since discovery is elemental to the experience — the revelations she had changed her perspective on both business and life.
She was so impacted, she returned three more times as a volunteer for the program. “I found David’s use of experiential, independent self-study highly effective to reach students,” she says. “He was a master of creating an inviting and compassionate environment for authentic learning and self-exploration.”
Rohl is not the only one who has been transformed by the course, which has become a legacy for Lertzman, who died in May 2021.
“Every couple of years, we’d see other students come back and say they wanted to continue the learning they’d started at it,” Rohl says of the retreats which currently are led by Dr. Julian Norris, PhD’10 (MBA students), and Dr. Sarah Brown, PhD’21 (undergrads). “Some people didn’t have that experience and that’s OK too, but there are so many who said it made them look at things differently and impacted how they approached business.”
Today, Rohl works for a non-profit called Energy Futures Lab, which focuses on collaboration to find middle ground solutions to help move energy transition forward. “It bridges oil and gas, clean tech and different levels of government and academia to find solutions people can buy into and that we can implement,” she says.
“The wilderness retreat shifted so many things for me — it reframed my western views of the world and it set me on the path to where I am today. I believe that, by applying this long-term view into today’s decisions, I’m changing the world for the better.”
Read more about David Lertzman, his approach to teaching and the impact that had here.
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