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Drivers line up at the Cordova-Americas international bridge in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua state, Mexico as Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents in El Paso, Texas, U.S. partially closed the lanes, delaying the crossing of vehicles on March 31, 2019.(HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP via Getty Images)
EL PASO, Texas (Border Report) – Authorities in Juarez, Mexico, say they’ll be monitoring U.S.-bound vehicle traffic in anticipation of a large spike after the Nov. 8 rollback of land border travel restrictions.
That’s the day vaccinated Mexicans will be able to cross into the U.S. for non-essential trips. The restrictions remain in place through Jan. 21, 2022, for unvaccinated foreign land port travelers.
DHS extends non-essential travel restrictions through January 21 for unvaccinated travelers
Like their counterparts in El Paso, Juarez municipal authorities say there’s a huge pent-up demand for family, shopping, and recreational travel to the United States on the part of Mexican visa holders unable to cross since the restrictions began on March 2020.
Such demand likely will lead to hours-long waits at the Paso del Norte, Zaragoza and Bridge of the Americas ports of entry, said Arlyn Vargas, spokeswoman for the Juarez Traffic Police, or Vialidad.
If border waits aren’t shortened, shoppers will stay away despite easing of travel restrictions, officials say
She said police will deploy officers to the three border crossings to prevent traffic tie-ups and fights, as motorists attempt to reduce their waits by cutting in line.
Meantime, Fideicomiso de Puentes, the agency in charge of toll collections on the Mexican side of the Paso del Norte and Zaragoza bridges, is urging motorists to have their change ready when they pull up to the booths so as to speed up bridge traffic.
International traffic is up substantially even before the so-called “reopening of the border,” as vaccination rates soar in El Paso-Juarez and fear of catching COVID-19 goes down among those able to cross the border.
Graphic courtesy U.S. Department of Transportation
U.S. Department of Transportation figures show pedestrian and personal vehicle traffic was up by the tens of thousands in August compared to July in the El Paso sector. Almost 45,000 more vehicle passengers came across in August compared to July as did 30,000 additional pedestrians.
Visit the BorderReport.com homepage for the latest exclusive stories and breaking news about issues along the United States-Mexico border
In El Paso, city officials said they will try to minimize southbound traffic tie-ups at the Zaragoza, Bridge of the Americas and Stanton Street bridges once the restrictions are lifted.
The city also plans to restart its P3 Program, which consists on reimbursing U.S. Customs and Border Protection for overtime pay for its officers in order to keep more northbound inspection lanes open.
Copyright 2021 Nexstar Media Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
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These new U.S. travel restrictions begin Monday
by KTLA Digital Staff, Ellina Abovian, Nexstar Media Wire / Dec 5, 2021
(KTLA) – Beginning Monday, travelers heading to the U.S. will be required to show evidence of a negative test for the virus within one day of boarding their flight instead of three days prior.
President Biden will also extend the federal rule requiring passengers on planes, trains and buses to wear face masks through March 18. It was previously scheduled to expire in mid-January.
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Manhattan-Ogden School District mourns the loss of 2 students after car crash
by Cassie Nichols / Dec 5, 2021
MANHATTAN (KSNT)-- A spokesperson for USD 383, Manhattan-Ogden School District, has informed KSNT News two middle school students within the district have died. The following message was sent to families within the district from the superintendent.
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October 14, 2021 at 7:55 pm | Published in: Article, Asia & Americas, Europe & Russia, Opinion, Turkey, US
Solo Turk, the aerobatic team of the Turkish Air Force, fly their F-16 Fighters over Istanbul's new airport on September 20, 2018 in Istanbul [OZAN KOSE/AFP via Getty Images]
Ismail Yasha
ismail_yasa
October 14, 2021 at 7:55 pm
Reuters news agency published news a few days ago about Ankara's desire to buy 40 F-16 fighters from the US, as well as purchasing 80 modernization kits to service its existing warplanes, after Turkey was excluded from the F-35 program and denied access to those planes since Ankara purchased the S-400 air defence system from Russia.
This surprising news, which was reported during the continued tension in Turkish-American relations, indicates that it was Ankara that asked the US to buy F-16 fighters instead of F-35 fighters. However, there are observers who believe that this deal was proposed by Washington as a "compromise" to overcome the F-35 fighter jets crisis and not endanger the southern wing of NATO, even if the official request came from Ankara.
The justifications provided by Washington for the refusal for Turkey to obtain F-35 fighters do not apply to F-16 fighters and, therefore, the deal has no obstacle other than the negative position of the US Congress. Turkish officials believe that the Biden administration's position on Ankara's request is "positive", and that the task of convincing Congress of the necessity of completing this deal falls on the shoulders of the US administration.
Turkey's request to purchase F-16 fighter jets from the US is a new test for the already tense Turkish-American relations, as well as of Washington's attitude, in general, towards its NATO ally. It is expected that the Biden administration's handling of this request will either push Turkey further away from the US, or improve relations between Ankara and Washington, albeit to a limited extent. This is because the US has no reason to justify its rejection of the request, if it is not hostile to Turkey and sees it as a threat to its interests. In other words, the ball is now in America's court.
READ: US to back Turkey's $6bn F-16 deal request
Turkey may turn to other countries to buy alternative fighter jets to strengthen its air force, if Washington rejects Ankara's request. Many observers believe that Turkey may buy the fighter jets it needs from Russia, as well as the S-400 air defence system, to get closer to Moscow. However, others point out that Russian fighters are not the only alternative, and that Ankara may buy them from Britain or France. Whatever Ankara chooses, America will have no reason to blame Turkey, after it refused to sell the F-16 fighters to the latter. It is worth noting that former US President, Donald Trump, admitted that the crisis with Turkey was primarily caused by the Obama administration's reluctance to sell the Patriot missile system. He said he did not blame Turkey for buying the Russian S-400 system.
There is an upcoming meeting between Turkish President, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and US President, Joe Biden, at the end of this month in the Italian capital, Rome, on the side-lines of the G-20 summit. It is expected that this file will be on the negotiating table to determine the course of Turkish-American relations, in addition to the fate of the deal.
Turkey still wants to acquire the F-35 fighters it paid for to the US and hopes to return to its manufacturing program, which is Turkey's first choice, as indicated by presidential spokesman, Ibrahim Kalin. If its first choice is not possible, the second choice would be to buy a number of F-16 fighters and get back the $1.4 billion it paid Washington—this way, instead of waiting for the amount paid for F-35 fighters to be transferred back from the US to Turkey.
READ: US condemns cross-border attack on 'NATO ally Turkey'
Turkey's ultimate goal is to rely entirely on national industries to meet the needs of its army, and there are a number of projects that are in full swing that are working towards this. Among those projects is the production of a Turkish fifth-generation fighter to enter service within a few years. However, the Turkish army needs to modernise its air fleet so that its defence capabilities are not affected by any weakness or defect until it receives the national fighters.
US State Department spokesman, Ned Price, declined to comment on a question about Turkey's request to buy F-16 fighters, saying that it is not possible to comment on arms deals before they are presented to Congress. It is a well-known fact that there are lobbies in the US, such as the Armenian lobby and the Greek lobby, in addition to the Gulen group, which seek to block the deal and prevent Turkey from obtaining those planes, by putting pressure on members of Congress. However, the American administration will, ultimately, decide where Turkey will fall on its list of considerations, priorities and its foreign relations map.
This article first appeared in Arabic in Arabi21 on 13 October 2021
The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Monitor.
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To build the lucky number sequence, start with natural numbers. Delete every second number, leaving 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, ... . The second number remaining is 3, so delete every third number, leaving 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 19, 21, ... . The next number remaining is 7, so delete every 7th number, leaving 1, 3, 7, 9, 13, 15, 21, ... . The next number remaining is 9, so delete every ninth number, etc.
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Create a blog post subtitle that summarizes your post in a few short, punchy sentences and entices your audience to continue reading.
Welcome to your blog post. Use this space to connect with your readers and potential customers in a way that’s current and interesting. Think of it as an ongoing conversation where you can share updates about business, trends, news, and more.
“Do you have a design in mind for your blog? Whether you prefer a trendy postcard look or you’re going for a more editorial style blog - there’s a stunning layout for everyone.”
You’ll be posting loads of engaging content, so be sure to keep your blog organized with Categories that also allow visitors to explore more of what interests them.
Create Relevant Content
Writing a blog is a great way to position yourself as an authority in your field and captivate your readers’ attention. Do you want to improve your site’s SEO ranking? Consider topics that focus on relevant keywords and relate back to your website or business. You can also add hashtags (#vacation #dream #summer) throughout your posts to reach more people, and help visitors search for relevant content.
Blogging gives your site a voice, so let your business’ personality shine through. Choose a great image to feature in your post or add a video for extra engagement. Are you ready to get started? Simply create a new post now.
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Snacking helps keep your energy up, prevents overeating, and helps you stay focused between meals. With so many options out there, it can be challenging to know which snacks are healthy.
For a snack to be #prettybalanced, I recommend them to contain at least two food groups, such as dairy and fruit, protein and carbohydrates, and vegetables and fat. I love to snack and have 1-2 a day. Here are some of my favorites:
Homemade Trail Mix
I’ll be honest; trail mix is probably one of my favorite foods (if not my favorite). It is so customizable and satisfies both sweet and salty cravings. I love making my own with almonds, chocolate candies, and raisins. The options are endless. You can use peanuts, mixed nuts, pumpkin, or sunflower seeds. These provide healthy fat, protein, and fiber to help keep you full. They also contain the antioxidant vitamin E and the mineral magnesium. Next, choose your favorite dried fruit. Some of my favorites are raisins, pineapple, craisins, and banana chips. These add sweetness, fiber, and carbohydrates for energy. Lastly, choose a fun add-in. It could be boxed cereal (such as Cheerios or Quaker Oatmeal Squares), pretzels, chocolate chips, m&m, etc. Something that will make it more enjoyable for you.
Protein bars
I love a good protein bar. They’re quick, convenient, and help tie me over between meals. I recommend finding a bar with at least 6 grams of protein, less than 8 grams of sugar, no sugar alcohols, and under 200 calories. Some of my favorites include Kind Bars, Tone it Up Bars, and Nature Valley protein bars. Protein takes longer to digest, which helps keep you full and focused. Protein also helps with muscle maintenance and your immune system. I highly recommend keeping protein bars in your bag or car at all times - you never know when hunger may strike ;-). Want to make your own? Check out these Coconut Flour Protein Bars. Feel free to pair with your favorite fruit!
Veggies and Hummus
Veggies and hummus make a great crunchy snack. Some of my favorite "dipping veggies" include carrots and cucumber, but feel free to try broccoli, cauliflower, and peppers - the options are endless! Veggies are not only packed with vitamins, but also fiber which helps keep you regular and full. Hummus is also a good source of healthy fats and contains some protein. This combo is no doubt a nutrition powerhouse.
Yogurt Parfait
I eat Greek yogurt just about every day. It’s so creamy, sweet, and delicious. I love non-fat vanilla (but you can choose plain if you prefer) and adding some berries, or fruit of choice, and this decadent Dark Chocolate Sea Salt Granola. Greek yogurt is packed with probiotics and protein. I love layering them in mason jars. :)
Cheese and Fruit
Cheese Sticks make a great grab-and-go snack. It's a good source of protein and calcium, which keeps those bones strong! Cheese sticks also pre-packaged, so there is no need to prepare or portion it out. Pair with some fruit for a #prettybalanced snack. I love using grapes or stone fruit - but any fruit will work. This snack combo is easy, effortless, and healthy.
Smoothie
Smoothies make a great portable snack, and they are so easy to make!
Add 8-10 ounces of your favorite milk to a blender
½ cup greek yogurt or 1 scoop of your favorite protein powder
1 cup of fruit
Optional add-ins like a handful of spinach (i promise you won’t even know it’s there!), 1 tablespoon of your favorite nut butter, and/or chia or flax seeds.
Blend away!
Smoothies can be tailored to your cravings and hunger level. For instance, if you’re craving something chocolatey, add 1 tablespoon of cocoa powder to the blender. Feeling really hungry? Make sure to add in some fat like peanut butter. There are so many options!
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I have recently obtained copies of a number of documents relating to my Gx6th, 5th and 4th grandfathers, from SWHT. The documents are in a collection of papers belonging to the DICKINSON family of Kingweston, and concern lands and property that was sold to them by George HODGES of Charlton Adam. In short, the lands involved originally formed part of the estate of George's grandfather, and were inherited by his son Henry HODGES (George's father) who died in 1758. In his Will, he left his estate in trust, to be equally divided between family members including a living son and daughter (Jane) and the as yet unborn George with whom his wife was pregnant at the time of his death, who were each to receive their share upon reaching the age of 21 years.
A complicated story involving several family tragedies resulted in George assuming possession of the entire estate, some of which he disposed of in following years, Jane's entitlement having apparently been "overlooked" despite her reaching full age during that period.
In October 1794, the two surviving daughters of George's sister Jane (their mother also by then deceased) appear to have sought legal advice on claiming the share of the estate that should rightfully have been their mothers, and subsequently theirs. The document relating to that advice is a Case for Opinion re ELLIS and BARRETT versus George HODGES. I assume it was within the DICKINSON family collection as they had purchased several parcels of land and properties from George HODGES, which had been part of his father's estate. From the married names of Jane's daughters and various searches, I have managed to find their mother's marriage, the name of their father, each of their own marriages and the names of their husbands.
Other than the advice contained in the Case for Opinion, which indicated that the two daughters had a good claim but would have to pursue a recovery through the courts, there is no record of whether any case was pursued or the result. There are however copies of certified extracts from parish registers proving the descent of George HODGES from his grandfather, obtained in 1825, which could either suggest that the matter had gone on for some time, or had reared its head again directly in connection with the DICKINSONs' acquisitions.
Is there any way of finding out if a case against George was pursued by the daughters, and the result please? I have no idea where to start looking. Their married names were Mary ELLIS and Ruth BARRETT. Mary and Ruth died in 1835 and 1828 respectively, George in 1838.
Stokes - London and Essex
Hodges - Somerset
Murden - Notts
Humphries/Humphreys from Montgomeryshire
GrahamSimons
RootsChat Aristocrat
Posts: 2,800
Re: Searching for legal case from 1794-1825
« Reply #1 on: Saturday 22 May 21 20:02 BST (UK) »
Most likely in the Chancery records at the National Archives. Searchable online but not downloadable as not digitised.
Papers once you get to see them range from a couple of pages, sometimes printed, to massive lots of parchment: I found one set of papers which would fill a reasonably large suitcase, all in tiny handwriting....
Simons Barrett Jaffray Waugh Langdale Heugh Meade Garnsey Evans Vazie Mountcure Glascodine Parish Peard Smart Dobbie Sinclair....
in Stirlingshire, Roxburghshire; Bucks; Devon; Somerset; Northumberland; Carmarthenshire; Glamorgan
phil57
RootsChat Extra
Posts: 71
Census information Crown Copyright, from www.nationalarchives.gov.uk
Re: Searching for legal case from 1794-1825
« Reply #2 on: Sunday 23 May 21 09:37 BST (UK) »
Thank you. I will have to do a bit of digging. Found the Chancery records, but nothing coming up on a simple search.
Stokes - London and Essex
Hodges - Somerset
Murden - Notts
Humphries/Humphreys from Montgomeryshire
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Create a blog post subtitle that summarizes your post in a few short, punchy sentences and entices your audience to continue reading.
Welcome to your blog post. Use this space to connect with your readers and potential customers in a way that’s current and interesting. Think of it as an ongoing conversation where you can share updates about business, trends, news, and more.
“Do you have a design in mind for your blog? Whether you prefer a trendy postcard look or you’re going for a more editorial style blog - there’s a stunning layout for everyone.”
You’ll be posting loads of engaging content, so be sure to keep your blog organized with Categories that also allow visitors to explore more of what interests them.
Create Relevant Content
Writing a blog is a great way to position yourself as an authority in your field and captivate your readers’ attention. Do you want to improve your site’s SEO ranking? Consider topics that focus on relevant keywords and relate back to your website or business. You can also add hashtags (#vacation #dream #summer) throughout your posts to reach more people, and help visitors search for relevant content.
Blogging gives your site a voice, so let your business’ personality shine through. Choose a great image to feature in your post or add a video for extra engagement. Are you ready to get started? Simply create a new post now.
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Bayern Munich forward Serge Gnabry, who just joined the club last month, hopes to leave on loan to gain more playing experience.
Author:
Associated Press
MUNICH (AP) – Bayern Munich forward Serge Gnabry, who just joined the club last month, hopes to leave on loan to gain more playing experience, chairman Karl-Heinz Rummenigge said on Monday.
The 21-year-old Gnabry, who signed a three-year deal after joining from Werder Bremen, informed Bayern personally and through his agent of his desire to leave, Rummenigge said of the Germany forward.
''We're appraising the situation calmly, and will wait to see what we still do in the transfer market,'' said Rummenigge, who spoke on a range of issues affecting the club.
Gnabry spent one season at Bremen after joining from Arsenal last summer. He scored 11 goals and set up two more in 27 Bundesliga games for the club, as well as a hat trick on his Germany debut against San Marino last November.
Rummenigge said Brazilian winger Douglas Costa was on the verge of joining Juventus, though negotiations were ongoing.
''There's an amount, if reached, where we'll be ready to let him go. But I can't yet report a deal today,'' Rummenigge said.
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Lukaku's move to Manchester United dictates rest of forward transfer market
The Bayern chairman said the club could allow Renato Sanches to leave for a year on loan after what was a disappointing debut season for the 19-year-old Portugal winger.
''We'll decide when we've completed our shopping whether to keep him here or loan him out for a year. He really needs playing minutes after the last half-year, which was unsatisfactory for both sides,'' Rummenigge said.
He refused to comment on potential new signings, saying instead the club was keeping ''all options open'' to the end of the transfer period.
Leon Goretzka, whose contract with Schalke ends in 2018, is reportedly a target, but Rummenigge said: ''The player has to decide if he's staying at Schalke or wants to switch, and if then, where. Nothing is decided.''
Rummenigge also defended the club's summer tour to Asia, despite the strain it may put on players, and he said he spoke with Robert Lewandowski's agent over his unhappiness due to a perceived lack of support from teammates in the last game of the season. Borussia Dortmund's Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang pipped the Poland striker to the Bundesliga's top-scorer award.
''I don't share this opinion at all,'' Rummenigge said. ''He got a few good chances from his teammates. They wanted him to be top-scorer but it didn't work out. So I don't think it's a problem.''
By
Associated Press
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20-time Grand Slam champion Rafael Nadal says he sees no point in training if you don't have a clear goal of what you want to achieve with him. Nadal, 35, is one of the greatest players in tennis history and insists that he always knows exactly what he wants to improve and is fully committed to it.
"For me it is essential to train with the aim of improving something. I face every day with the aim of learning. On a mental level, that helps you a lot to be awake and active. I don't understand life in any other way.
Working and training just to train, without having the goal of being better, does not make any sense, it is boring", said Nadal, according to Break Point. "As long as you have effort, dedication and humility, you will achieve something: progress " Being willing to admit your mistakes and being self-critical is a good thing, insists former world No.
1 Nadal. "There is no greater personal satisfaction than coming home knowing that you have met all your goals. Having people by my side who are in a position to tell me things as they see them has been one of the best decisions I have been able to make in my career.
You also have to know how to be self-critical and recognize when you make mistakes without looking for any excuse,” Nadal noted.
Rafa Nadal on watching the sport
When asked to elaborate on his temperament in a recent interview, Rafael Nadal asserted that he likes to compete but that he also makes it a point to keep his emotions in check.
Nadal further claimed that he has never "behaved like crazy", and that his philosophy in sport is to never give up. "I like to compete, but I always control myself on the track," Rafael Nadal said. "I have never lost my nerves or broken a racket.
I've never behaved like crazy. My philosophy is never to give up in sports. It happens to me the same when I play golf or soccer with my friends." Nadal claimed that he often ends up spending late nights on his couch watching the sport, before adding that he considers it a "healthy pastime" when compared with going out partying and drinking.
"I usually watch golf on television," Rafael Nadal said. "Sometimes, I sit on the sofa and it gives me the early morning. I usually go to bed late when I see golf, but at least, I can sleep 5 hours. It's a healthy pastime, rather than going for a drink out there."
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Markus Dohle, chief executive officer for Penguin Random House, has shared a note to reassure staff worldwide that the safeguarding of their health is its "highest priority", at the same time...
Markus Dohle, chief executive officer for Penguin Random House, has shared a note to reassure staff worldwide that the safeguarding of their health is its "highest priority", at the same time as staff in its US offices, in New York, Colorado Springs and Emeryville, were told to "plan for today to be your last day in the office".
Dohle said in a letter to staff on Friday (13th March) the company "is strong" and will "do everything to ensure business continuity, so that we are able to share our books with readers around the globe during this difficult time".
Explaining its approach to tackling the virus, he said a "one-size-fits-all approach" for all offices worldwide wasn't possible, due to the geographic nature of the spread of the virus, and so, instead, it has established "localised coronavirus taskforces" that are "constantly monitoring the situation" and meeting "regularly" in the countries where they are based.
At the same time as implementing plans locally, Dohle said these taskforces were "thinking globally" in terms of sharing knowledge and advice, and he updated staff he was meeting "frequently" with Bertelsmann to "collaborate on our plans and align our approach".
"It is difficult to predict the impact this outbreak will have on our business in the coming months," Dohle wrote, "but I know that our company is strong, our colleagues are committed, and our responses are rapid and proactive. Please know that we will do everything to ensure business continuity, so that we are able to share our books with readers around the globe during this difficult time.
"Though books are not a panacea for what the world is going through, we hope that our stories can provide a small escape and some comfort for our readers, and of course for each of us, too.
"Our highest priority continues to be you and your families and safeguarding your health. Please be well, stay safe and healthy, and rest assured that we are a global community of colleagues who care about one another, always—and especially—in times like these."
In terms of what Dohle's note means in practical terms for its US operations, Madeline McIntosh on Friday (13th March) told staff the decision had been made that everyone based in New York, Colorado Springs and Emeryville offices who can work from home "should now transition to do so". "Plan for today to be your last day in the office, for the time being," she wrote in an email to staff. "In addition to keeping yourselves safer, this will also keep the facilities safe for those who do need to be here. It will also help lighten the load on local infrastructures and help slow the spread of the virus."
Its IT staff have been "working around the clock", she said earlier in the week, on Wednesday (11th March), to maximise the number of people who are able to work remotely. At this time she said she was "grateful that at this time we have no knowledge of anyone in our PRH community who has been exposed to the virus".
In her latest update, McIntosh acknowledged "social distancing" would be tough for a business based on relationship-building and connection, in response to which employees had launched a new Facebook group, called Igloo Outpost, where staff "can share what we’re reading, streaming, cooking, and more". The group's description rallied: "We're a team. We stand together. We’re just standing a little farther apart right now."
In relation to the UK specifically, a spokesperson for PRH UK said "the health and wellbeing of our employees and those we work with is our priority, and we want to minimise the impact and reduce the possibility of exposure to coronavirus".
PRH UK meanwhile said it is "closely monitoring and following" guidance from Public Health England as well as the World Health Organisation and local health authorities, and is "providing regular updates and resources to colleagues".
It has a task force in place, which is also meeting "regularly" to review business continuity plans for each department and communicate these plans with colleagues – including information on and measures around business travel and planned events and meetings.
As part of this, it is "assessing remote working needs and requirements" and "trialling remote working for all London-based colleagues to ensure we are best placed to manage this should it become necessary"
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Reckless mum who got sloshed on toffee-flavoured vodka at 'Glastonbury for kids' drove children while THREE TIMES over limit
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SMASHED-ONBURY
Reckless mum who got sloshed on toffee-flavoured vodka at ‘Glastonbury for kids’ crashed as she drove children while THREE TIMES over limit
Laura Roberts, 36, appeared at Stockport Magistrates Court yesterday where she pleaded guilty to driving while under the influence of alcohol
john shammas
9:59, 14 Aug 2018
Updated: 12:49, 14 Aug 2018
A BOOZED-UP mum was driving more than three times the drink-drive limit with her two young children in the car after getting sozzled at a family festival billed as "Glastonbury for kids".
Laura Roberts appeared at Stockport Magistrates' Court yesterday where she pleaded guilty to drink driving after she crashed with the children in the car.
4
Laura Roberts, 36, appeared at Stockport Magistrates Court today where she pleaded guilty to driving while under the influence of alcoholCredit: Cavendish Press
The mum, 36, from Wigan, had attended the Geronimo Festival at Arley Hall in Cheshire with her children, aged two and four, as a treat for them after she and their father had split up, the court heard.
During the last night of the festival on May 27, she drank toffee-flavoured vodka.
The next morning she had a glass of wine and, believing she was exhausted as a result of sunburn rather than drunk, put her kids into her car and drove home.
However a witness saw Roberts swerving in the road and overtook the mum before pulling in front of the car. Roberts drove into the back of the car, but no one was injured.
Roberts was made to do a breathalyser test, which came back with two different readings.
4
The court heard how the mum from Wigan had attended the Geronimo Festival at Arley Hall in Cheshire with her children, aged two and four, as a treat for them after she and their father had split upCredit: Cavendish Press
The mum was then tested for alcohol in her blood and the result came back to reveal that she was more than three times the legal limit.
Prosecuting, Steve Woodman, said: “On May 28 at around 3.30pm, a Ms Dyson was driving along Pickmere Lane in Cheshire and she came behind a Ford vehicle that was veering across the lanes.
“She overtook the Ford car and saw the driver, Laura Roberts, and thought that she looked drunk. As she moved in front of the Ford car, it went into the back of her car.
“Ms Dyson got out and spoke to Roberts and called the police. The police came and did a breathalyser test and found her to have two readings - 150mg of alcohol in her breath and 130mg.
“As they had two separate readings, they took a sample of blood and they got a reading of 266mg in 100ml of blood - which is well over three times the limit.
4
She was then tested for alcohol in her blood and the result came back to reveal that she was more than three times the legal limitCredit: Cavendish Press
“In an interview, she said she had been drinking. She had been at a festival with her children and the previous day she had been drinking toffee flavoured vodka.
“She said she then woke up in the morning and had a glass of wine. She then left the festival at two in the afternoon.
“After the accident, she said that she was beginning to feel the wine that she had earlier that day. Her children were in the car at the time.”
Defending, Maria Brannon, said: “She is of good character, with no previous convictions, and has been driving for 19 years with no endorsements.
“She has two daughters who are two and four years of age, and she is well regarded in her job working in administration at Wigan Council.
4
Roberts was given a 12 months community order and will have to do 100 hours of unpaid workCredit: Cavendish Press
“She was at the Geronimo Festival in Cheshire with her children and her and her friend had been camping there and they didn’t drive home until after lunch.
“A combination of the alcohol from the night before and the sunburn made her feel ill when she was driving home.
“Ms Roberts is aware that she is going to be disqualified from driving today.
“Ms Roberts is very ashamed of what happened. Since her husband left her 20 months ago, she has been the sole, primary carer of her children and has been working very hard.
“This incident was completely out of character for her and it is highly unlikely that she will commit an offence like this again.
“This was a special treat for her children after the difficult 18 months they had since her husband left.
"She went with her two children and another family to the festival at Arley Hall.
“She said that she felt tired just before she drove home but put it down to sunburn. So, she decided to drive - a decision that she bitterly regrets.
“She took a wrong turn and got lost down a country lane and this was where the accident happened.
“A woman had driven in front of her and Ms Roberts had not seen her until it was too late.
"She was very apologetic to the woman and the police and there was no damage caused to the car.
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“Ms Roberts bitterly regrets her decision to drive with the children in the back of her car. However, it must be said that there are no social services involved in the matter and it’s not in dispute that she has been an excellent mother in difficult circumstances.
“She is distraught that she put her own children and future at risk.
“But there are mitigating factors. First of all, the immediate guilty plea; secondly her lack of previous convictions, and also her exemplary character. She is the sole primary career of her two young children.”
Roberts was given a 12 months community order and will have to do 100 hours of unpaid work.
She was also banned from driving for 2 years.
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Explain Like I'm Five is the best forum and archive on the internet for layperson-friendly explanations. Don't Panic!
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The most amazing place on reddit! A subreddit for sharing, discussing, hoarding and wow'ing about Dogecoins. The new innovative crypto-currency.
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ELI5 Bitcoin Mining: Explain Bitcoin Mining Like I'm Five
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ELI5 Bitcoin Mining: Explain Bitcoin Mining Like I'm Five
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ELI5 Bitcoin Mining: Explain Bitcoin Mining Like I'm Five
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/u/ryani ELI5 bitcoin mining and halving [xpost from r/Bitcoin]
submitted by BestOfNoPoliticsBot to BestOfNoPolitics [link] [comments]
/u/ryani ELI5 bitcoin mining and halving
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/u/ryani ELI5 bitcoin mining and halving
submitted by unremovable to unremovable [link] [comments]
can someone ELI5 bitcoin mining
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Bitcoin mentioned around Reddit: ELI5: Bitcoin Mining /r/explainlikeimfive
submitted by BitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments]
Bitcoin mentioned around Reddit: ELI5: Bitcoin mining. How are new Bitcoins created and what does the 'mining' actually involve? /r/explainlikeimfive
submitted by SimilarAdvantage to BitcoinAll [link] [comments]
Bitcoin mentioned around Reddit: ELI5: Bitcoin Mining Farm /r/explainlikeimfive
submitted by BitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments]
can someone ELI5 bitcoin mining /r/Bitcoin
submitted by BitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments]
ELI5: Bitcoin Mining - I still don't get it
I know that questions about Bitcoin and all it entails have been asked and answered before, and yes I've gone and read through them, but I still just don't get it.
I don't know if I'm just stupid when it comes to this sort of thing, but I honestly am so unsure of what Bitcoin mining actually is.
Could someone explain to me like I'm a dense child who uses a Mac and wants to learn how to mine Bitcoins? Bullet points and simple words are a big plus.
What I DON'T need explained (probably): * Why Mining is important * The actual computer functions
.
I apologize that this has been asked and explained so many times and I still don't understand - I'm not bright.
submitted by Carlyndra to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
ELI5: bitcoin mining (xpost in ELI5)
Ok so I’ve seen several places where bitcoin has been explained, but there is one thing about it that always seems kinda glossed over: mining. I know there have been other explanations on here but I’d like to throw in mine too. It seems either explanations are either too simple, saying that miners "solve a difficult math problem" or are too arcane, talking about such-and-such hash function this, algebraically that etc. So hopefully this will be helpful if you were like me and were trying to wrap your head around the concept of mining bitcoins. I’ll address the basics of how they are mined, what keeps them mined at a limited rate, and who sets the difficulty for this "mathematical problem". I’m writing this to be kind of a "hands on" approach so you can kinda see what’s going on. For all you technical people out there, please bear with me as i will be simplifying some concepts...
Ok, first, i think the biggest misconception about mining bitcoins is that the analogy about computers solving difficult problems, while correct, is misleading. Mining is more akin to rolling dice than solving problems.
To understand mining, one needs to understand what a hash function is. Put simple, a hash function takes an input and creates a seemingly random output, however the output is consistent every time you perform the function on a given input, and it is very difficult to determine an input, given only the output. What i want you to do right now is open up a calculator on your computer. In the calculator, take the square root of 3. You should get 1.73205080756887729352744634150. Now take the digits from the 5th place after the decimal all the way to the 10th place after the decimal. As you can see, its 508075. Now try that with another prime number, let’s say 11. sqrt(11) = 3.3166247903553998491149327366707, and the digits in place 5 through 10 are: 247903. This is basically a very simple (and weak) hash function. For any given prime number (in this case it has to be prime), we can find a number (the 6 digit resultant output) that seems to have nothing to do with it, but can be consistently calculated easily. If i were to give you the output 512754, what would be the input? If i didn’t tell you it was 13, you would have to resort to trial and error to find it.
For the next example, we are going to use a different hash function, the SHA-256. This is the actual function used for mining bitcoin. This function doesn’t need a prime number as its input; it can use basically any text. Ok now for some hands-on. Open chrome/safari/IE/Firefox and search Google/Bing/yahoo for "sha-256 calculator" and click on probably the first hit. For me, it was http://www.xorbin.com/tools/sha256-hash-calculator but any result should work and yield the same results.
There should be a text box. In that text box type "pay me, joe, 25 bitcoins. 000001" without the quotes, then press calculate. You should get 4699f0e443b7… as your result. Now, anyone can do that. Why on earth would anyone give you bitcoins for that? There’s nothing special about that output, it’s just a seemingly random string of numbers, right? Well how can we prove that you have done work, and therefore give "scarcity" to the output? We can agree to only accept outputs that start with a zero! Ok so now what i want you to do are change that last digit in your input (the 000001) and make it a 000002, and then recalculate. Keep going until your output starts with a zero. I got all the way to 000013. Now my output is 0ac980.... tada! Scarcity, and therefore, "proof of work". I would just like to add here that obviously a bitcoin miner doesn’t use the words “pay me, joe…”, it uses computer code, and an receiving address, not a person’s name, but the gist is the same. Other data is also included in this hash input such as transactions, a timestamp, and, importantly, a reference to the previous solution so you can’t just reuse solutions. Transactions are a topic for another day.
Since no one knows how to take a given output to create a given input with this hash function, we can prove that it took some work to get an output that starts with a 0. "well that’s dumb" you may say "computers can calculate stuff like that super-duper fast," you continue, "why, I’ll be rich within a day or so." Easy slugger, bitcoin hash outputs need to start with about 14 zeroes at the time of this writing in order to be accepted by the network as a solution. When your computer finally does manage to find a solution, it sends the hash input that it found to other computers, which quickly check the hash output, and if it does, in fact, start with the required number of zeroes, it is relayed to other computers and so on, so forth, until it is propagated around the entire network. All computers now honor your address with 25 shiny new bitcoins. Also, no one can change “joe” to “bob” because that would change the entire hash output.
That number of zeroes that the output has to start with is known as the "difficulty." right now, the entire network of miners makes about 30 trillion(!) attempts at this solution every SECOND. You can see the "hash rate" at sites like bitcoincharts.com. A solution (which yields 25 bitcoins to the finder) is found approximately every 10 minutes.
Ok, so where’s that jerk that’s making the difficulty so high!? I’d like to give him a piece of my mind! The difficulty is set by all bitcoin users. On an individual basis, (not by some consensus) each bitcoin user calculates the difficulty of solutions that they will accept and relay to other nodes. That doesn’t mean that different nodes will accept different difficulties. Each one calculates (and arrives at the exact same conclusion) the difficulty by checking the timestamp on the most recent solution it has received, and comparing it with the timestamp on a solution that came 2016 solutions before the current one. (There are 2016 10-minute periods in 2 weeks) The amount of time that has elapsed SHOULD be two weeks, because solutions ought to be coming in about every 10 minutes. If the elapsed time is, say, one week, it means the difficulty is too easy, and solutions are pouring in too fast, and the new difficulty will be TWICE that of the previous difficulty so that the next solutions pour in once about every 10 minutes, and 2016 solutions will occur over the next 2 week period.
And there you have it, predictable scarcity. The one quality that a unit of currency or barter MUST have to make it worth something, or at least a placeholder for something that is worth something.
submitted by azotic to Bitcoin [link] [comments]
Bitcoin mentioned around Reddit: ELI5: Bitcoin Mining /r/explainlikeimfive
submitted by BitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments]
ELI5 Bitcoin Mining Pools /r/Bitcoin
submitted by BitcoinAllBot to BitcoinAll [link] [comments]
ELI5 Bitcoin mining?
Okay, all I know is it's a way of generating currrency from the internet. How did this came about and how is this legal?
submitted by that_name_is_taken to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
ELI5: Bitcoin Mining Software and Hardware... or, just in general.
I've watched the basic video on it, and read through some of the explanations on the website, but I just can't seem to grasp what it is. How does solving math problems equal currency? Having it explained to me like I'm five-years-old is probably my best bet at understanding this.
submitted by justpaper to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
ELI5: Bitcoin mining specifics...
So I am very intrigued by bitcoins and understand that the process of mining bitcoins involves solving ong strings of algorithms. My main question is, why was this chosen as a method for extracting bitcoins? Does solving these algorithms help another person in some way or is it simply a method of limiting the quantity of bitcoins in the market? Finally, if thats the case, how is that monitored so that added miners dont immediately inflate the market? I know bitcoins have been discussed in various threads but I have been unable to find an answer to this specific questions. Thanks.
submitted by quixotic_confidence to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
[#63 Score:0 Comments:4] - ELI5: Bitcoin mining
submitted by Removal_Rover to remove [link] [comments]
ELI5: Bitcoin Mining
I looked it up, but all I see is walls of complicated text. Cant someone please explain it in layman's terms?
submitted by SageKnows to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
ELI5 Bitcoin Mining
How does it turn graphical power (apparently) into a currency? What is it used for? Why do people do it. Etc.
submitted by Skoolz to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
ELI5: bitcoin 'mining'
submitted by cahman to explainlikeimfive [link] [comments]
ELI5 Bitcoin Mining: Mining Bitcoin is one of the fastest growing industries and the processing power that comes from mining hardware devices verifies every transaction and secures the Bitcoin Network. There is literally billions of dollars being invested in the Bitcoin mining industry, and its for good reason: It’s a way of turning energy into value, and getting involved at the base layer ... Mining increases the bitcoin network's security and fights fraud by calculating what's effectively a checksum for transactions. By contributing their computing power to the bitcoin network for mining, individuals are rewarded with newly minted bitcoins by the community. This also provides a way to distribute new bitcoins in a fair manner. The ... How Does Bitcoin Mining Work? GPUs are cheaper and {moreextra} {availableout thereobtainable} {buthowever} are {considerablysignificantly} {lessmuch less} {powerfulhighly effective} and {efficientenvironment friendly}. Reputable mining {poolsswimming pools} {tendhave a tendency} {to remainto stay} in operation, whereas {poolsswimming pools} which cheat their miners don’t exist ... ELI5 Bitcoin Mining. Mining Bitcoin is basically computers with the Bitcoin protocol downloaded, all processing the mathematical puzzle the Bitcoin algorithm asks of them. With the processing power, mining increases the security of Bitcoin’s network and fights fraud by calculating every transaction that is proposed by any user. ELI5 Bitcoin: Bitcoin’s Key Functions Bitcoin is an Open Ledger. Bitcoin’s main function is really quite a simple concept. It’s called an open ledger – a bit like a bank book. All the digital dollars (in this case Bitcoin) that are sent are recorded on this open ledger.
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Maintains a cache of authentication credentials, so that a new backend lookup is not required for every authenticated request.
Topics
Authentication Cacheing
Usage
Cacheing with custom modules
Directives
AuthnCacheContext
AuthnCacheEnable
AuthnCacheProvideFor
AuthnCacheSOCache
AuthnCacheTimeout
Bugfix checklist
httpd changelog
Known issues
Report a bug
See also
Comments
Authentication Cacheing
Some users of more heavyweight authentication such as SQL database lookups (mod_authn_dbd) have reported it putting an unacceptable load on their authentication provider. A typical case in point is where an HTML page contains hundreds of objects (images, scripts, stylesheets, media, etc), and a request to the page generates hundreds of effectively-immediate requests for authenticated additional contents.
mod_authn_socache provides a solution to this problem by maintaining a cache of authentication credentials.
Usage
The authentication cache should be used where authentication lookups impose a significant load on the server, or a backend or network. Authentication by file (mod_authn_file) or dbm (mod_authn_dbm) are unlikely to benefit, as these are fast and lightweight in their own right (though in some cases, such as a network-mounted file, cacheing may be worthwhile). Other providers such as SQL or LDAP based authentication are more likely to benefit, particularly where there is an observed performance issue. Amongst the standard modules, mod_authnz_ldap manages its own cache, so only mod_authn_dbd will usually benefit from this cache.
The basic rules to cache for a provider are:
Include the provider you're cacheing for in an AuthnCacheProvideFor directive.
List socache ahead of the provider you're cacheing for in your AuthBasicProvider or AuthDigestProvider directive.
A simple usage example to accelerate mod_authn_dbd using dbm as a cache engine:
#AuthnCacheSOCache is optional. If specified, it is server-wide
AuthnCacheSOCache dbm
<Directory "/usr/www/myhost/private">
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Cached Authentication Example"
AuthBasicProvider socache dbd
AuthDBDUserPWQuery "SELECT password FROM authn WHERE user = %s"
AuthnCacheProvideFor dbd
Require valid-user
#Optional
AuthnCacheContext dbd-authn-example
</Directory>
Cacheing with custom modules
Module developers should note that their modules must be enabled for cacheing with mod_authn_socache. A single optional API function ap_authn_cache_store is provided to cache credentials a provider has just looked up or generated. Usage examples are available in r957072, in which three authn providers are enabled for cacheing.
AuthnCacheContext Directive
Description:
Specify a context string for use in the cache key
Syntax:
AuthnCacheContext directory|server|custom-string
Default:
directory
Context:
directory
Status:
Base
Module:
mod_authn_socache
This directive specifies a string to be used along with the supplied username (and realm in the case of Digest Authentication) in constructing a cache key. This serves to disambiguate identical usernames serving different authentication areas on the server.
Two special values for this are directory, which uses the directory context of the request as a string, and server which uses the virtual host name.
The default is directory, which is also the most conservative setting. This is likely to be less than optimal, as it (for example) causes $app-base, $app-base/images, $app-base/scripts and $app-base/media each to have its own separate cache key. A better policy is to name the AuthnCacheContext for the password provider: for example a htpasswd file or database table.
Contexts can be shared across different areas of a server, where credentials are shared. However, this has potential to become a vector for cross-site or cross-application security breaches, so this directive is not permitted in .htaccess contexts.
AuthnCacheEnable Directive
Description:
Enable Authn caching configured anywhere
Syntax:
AuthnCacheEnable
Context:
server config
Override:
None
Status:
Base
Module:
mod_authn_socache
This directive is not normally necessary: it is implied if authentication cacheing is enabled anywhere in apache2.conf. However, if it is not enabled anywhere in apache2.conf it will by default not be initialised, and is therefore not available in a .htaccess context. This directive ensures it is initialised so it can be used in .htaccess.
AuthnCacheProvideFor Directive
Description:
Specify which authn provider(s) to cache for
Syntax:
AuthnCacheProvideFor authn-provider [...]
Default:
None
Context:
directory, .htaccess
Override:
AuthConfig
Status:
Base
Module:
mod_authn_socache
This directive specifies an authentication provider or providers to cache for. Credentials found by a provider not listed in an AuthnCacheProvideFor directive will not be cached.
For example, to cache credentials found by mod_authn_dbd or by a custom provider myprovider, but leave those looked up by lightweight providers like file or dbm lookup alone:
AuthnCacheProvideFor dbd myprovider
AuthnCacheSOCache Directive
Description:
Select socache backend provider to use
Syntax:
AuthnCacheSOCache provider-name[:provider-args]
Context:
server config
Override:
None
Status:
Base
Module:
mod_authn_socache
Compatibility:
Optional provider arguments are available in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.7 and later
This is a server-wide setting to select a provider for the shared object cache, followed by optional arguments for that provider. Some possible values for provider-name are "dbm", "dc", "memcache", or "shmcb", each subject to the appropriate module being loaded. If not set, your platform's default will be used.
AuthnCacheTimeout Directive
Description:
Set a timeout for cache entries
Syntax:
AuthnCacheTimeout timeout (seconds)
Default:
300 (5 minutes)
Context:
directory, .htaccess
Override:
AuthConfig
Status:
Base
Module:
mod_authn_socache
Cacheing authentication data can be a security issue, though short-term cacheing is unlikely to be a problem. Typically a good solution is to cache credentials for as long as it takes to relieve the load on a backend, but no longer, though if changes to your users and passwords are infrequent then a longer timeout may suit you. The default 300 seconds (5 minutes) is both cautious and ample to keep the load on a backend such as dbd (SQL database queries) down.
This should not be confused with session timeout, which is an entirely separate issue. However, you may wish to check your session-management software for whether cached credentials can "accidentally" extend a session, and bear it in mind when setting your timeout.
Available Languages: en | fr
Comments
Notice:
This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our mailing lists.
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The nineteenth century writers, Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin, advocated a vision of society with no government and no class inequality; they called their vision anarchism. While numerous other writers have also called themselves anarchists and have advocated having no government, they did not all envision an end to class inequality and some envisioned capitalism minus government.
The Spanish Revolution of 1936-39 (often called the "Spanish Civil War") was inspired by the writings of Bakunin and Kropotkin. In the decades leading up to the revolution, workers and peasants in huge numbers were reading (or, since many were illiterate, having people read to them) books by these authors. The vision these authors wrote about was essentially the same as what we now call egalitarianism. In a part of Spain with approximately four million people, large numbers of workers and peasants described themselves as anarchists, and they made this part of Spain very close to egalitarian.
What, then, is the difference between egalitarianism and anarchism? To answer this question, let us first speak only of the anarchism that inspired the Spanish Revolution, and not the numerous other ideas that are advocated by people who have in the past, or do today, call themselves anarchists.
The difference between egalitarianism and Spanish-Revolution-Anarchism is not about the vision but rather about the way to achieve it. The Spanish Revolution was defeated by the fascist General Franco (with overt help from Hitler, indirect help from other so-called "democratic" governments such as the United States, and sabotage of the anarchists by Stalin.) There was an important weakness in Spanish-Revolution-Anarchism theory that enabled its enemies to defeat it. This weakness concerns the Spanish-Revolution-Anarchist misunderstanding of governmental power.
To understand this anarchist misunderstanding of power it helps to be familiar with the Spanish Revolution, so here's a brief account of it. In early 1936 Spain was the Republic of Spain with an elected government of liberal pro-capitalist politicians. Capitalists and large land owners oppressed workers and peasants severely. Very large numbers of workers and peasants were anarchists and the largest labor union was anarchist. In 1936 the fascist General Franco launched a military attack on the government to overthrow it and ruthlessly repress the workers and peasants whose movement was growing increasingly revolutionary. The Republican government, fearng its own workers and peasants as much as it feared Franco, refused to give arms to the anarchists who wanted to defeat Franco. But in Barcelona the anarchists seized arms and defeated the Franco forces in that city. The anarchists then led a social revolution in a large part of Spain (with a population of about four million people) that, with variations in different regions and villages, essentially removed the capitalist and landlord class from power and allowed peasants and workers to begin creating an egalitarian society. This part of Spain was known as Republican Spain, as opposed to the part where Franco was in power.
Initially, right after the anarchists defeated the fascist forces in Barcelona, their power in that city and its entire province of Catalonia was unchallenged. The anarchists could easily have established a government that would have explicitly defended egalitarianism from the anti-egalitarian forces, and they could have done this in the larger region of Republican Spain. But they did not. The reason they didn't was because the anarchists had a theory that said that all governmental power was bad. This was a huge error in anarchist theory that resulted in the defeat of egalitarianism in Spain.
In the absence of an egalitarian government defending egalitarianism in the part of Spain where the anarchist-led social revolution was happening, the anti-egalitarian forces there were able to, and did indeed, set up an anti-egalitarian government (it was the "Spanish Republic") that attacked egalitarianism; in particular it tried to define the goal of the people in Republican Spain as merely to defend the old liberal rule of capitalists and big land owners against fascism. The anti-egalitarians were the capitalists and landlords and their politician allies, as well as Communists sent by Stalin to Spain, and some (but not all) Communist followers of Leon Trotsky.
The anarchists were confused about what to do and in this confusion they ended up collaborating with the anti-egalitarian government (known now as The Republic). The defeat of egalitarianism in Spain was due largely to this huge mistake.
If the anarchists had created a government to defend egalitarianism, they would have had a much better chance of defeating the anti-egalitarian forces of General Franco and others. The reason is this. The anti-egalitarian government did everything it could to suppress and hide the egalitarian aims of the people fighting General Franco's fascist attack on egalitarians. The more the anti-egalitarian government succeeded in this effort, the harder it was for people in the parts of Spain controlled by Franco to see why they should support the anarchist revolutionaries, and the easier it was for General Franco to enlist them in his army to attack the anarchists. General Franco relied heavily on recruits for his army from the Spanish Protectorate of Morroco. The Morrocans wanted independence from Spain. If Republican Spain had been Egalitarian Spain instead, then it would have told the Morrocans, "The fascists want to keep Morroco a protectorate of Spain, but we--the egalitarians--want no such thing because we are for voluntary federation. Join us in defeating the fascists." But the opposite happened. Republican Spain told the Morrocans, "We intend to keep Morroco a protectorate of Spain," which amounted to telling them, "So you have no particular reason for supporting us against General Franco." This is a major reason why General Franco was able to recruit soldiers and defeat the egalitarians.
A group of Spanish anarchists came to understand this error of Spanish- Revolutionary-Anarchism and tried to corrrect it, but it was too late to succeed. This group of Spanish anarchists called themselves the "Friends of Durruti Group" after Buenaventura Durruti who was a much beloved, inspiring and courageous anarchist leader who had been killed in November of 1936, shortly after the revolution broke out.
Egalitarianism today, learning from this mistake of Spanish-Revolution-Anarchism, advocates a government (based on voluntary federation of local assemblies of egalitarians) to defend egalitarianism from anti-egalitarianism. Click here for more about this key point.
What about anarchism today? Today in the United States there are people who call themselves anarchists and who may even agree with the vision of egalitarianism, but who disagree with egalitarians about how to achieve it. Some of these people have a very wrong, negative view of ordinary people; they simply fail to appreciate that most ordinary people would love to live in an egalitarian society. Due to this failure, these anarchists think of themselves as being very different from (better than!) most people--different in the sense of having different values from most people and in having aspirations for an egalitarian society that are not shared by people who don't call themselves anarchists. Some of these anarchists even glorify this supposed difference between them and non-anarchists by calling themselves "a minority within a minority within a minority" or "Satanists" or other such things that are intended to shout out to the public, "We're not like you!" For an example of self-described "anarchists" referring to themselves as "Satanist" and as "a minority within a minority within a minority" click here to read the article on page 4 by "Dark Desyre Zine Network, which begins:
"We are a radical anarchist collective of GLBTQ individuals who also self-
identify as Satanist, Lucifarian, Setian, Gothic Witch, Dark Pagan. We
are heterodox and thus eclectic with various antimonion and left hand
path strains. We are anti-racist, anti-fascist and severely opposed to these and all other forms of cultural intolerance. As a minority within a minority within a minority we know the human-primate craves social intercourse and seek, via a zine network, to buffer the pain of isolation, provide a forum for expression and free exchange of ideas, through aiding in both individual and collective augmentation and evaluation."
Anarchists who think this way have contempt for ordinary people and therefore, despite their wanting an egalitarian society, are as likely to help bring about an egalitarian society as Bill Gates or Dick Cheney. The contrast between anarchists who declare themselves to be "a minority within a minority within a minority" and the Spanish Revolutionary anarchists is revealed by the fact that when the Spanish Revolutionary anarchist leader, Buenaventura Durruti, died, "over a half million people filled the streets to accompany the cortege during its route to the Montjuïc cemetery" in Barcelona when the total population of Barcelona at this time was only 1.1 million!
Some of these modern-day "minority within a minority within a minority" anarchists believe that the way to get non-anarchists to become anarchists is by supporting people (non-anarchists) in their struggles (e.g., organizing strike support for workers where one is not personally employed, or helping to lead a strike or union drive or related action where one is employed) and, while doing so, telling the workers, "I am an anarchist" so they will see that anarchists are good people. Such anarchists fail to do what is most important, however, which is talking to people in struggles about how egalitarian revolution is the shaping of society on a large scale by the very same values of equality and mutual aid that motivate these people to engage in their struggles in the first place. This failure, again, stems from a failure to understand that most people already share and try to act upon the values that define egalitarianism.
This weakness of modern anarchism seems to reflect the influence of Marxism's negative view of ordinary people on anarchists, which is ironic because anarchists vehemently reject the anti-democratic practice of Marxists.
In conclusion, egalitarianism is very similar to Spanish Revolutionary Anarchism as modified by the Spanish anarchists in the Friends of Durruti Group. But the word "anarchism" refers to so many other ideas about how society should be and how to make it that way that there is little to be gained by using that word, which is why we in PDRBoston call ourselves egalitarians.
What is the difference between "democratic revolution" and egalitarian revolution? There is no difference at all. We in PDRBoston used the phrase "democratic revolution" before we realized that egalitarianism was the best name for what we believed and egalitarian revolution was a better phrase for what we were aiming to make happen.
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Specifically, the BSA endeavors to develop American citizens who are physically, mentally, and emotionally fit; have a high degree of self-reliance as evidenced in such qualities as initiative, courage, and resourcefulness; have personal values based on religious concepts; have the desire and skills to help others; understand the principles of the American social, economic, and governmental systems; are knowledgeable about and take pride in their American heritage and understand our nation's role in the world; have a keen respect for the basic rights of all people; and are prepared to participate in and give leadership to American society.
The eight methods of the Scouting movement are the means through which the Aims of Scouting are achieved:
Scouting Ideals
Patrols
Outdoors
Advancement
Personal Growth
Adult Association
Leadership Development
Uniformform
The aims of the movement can be attained without these methods, but it wouldn't be Scouting. Likewise, these methods can produce quality individuals without the aims. But, again that wouldn't be Scouting. Scouting is in fact a combination of these aims and these methods.
Let’s look at each of these methods in turn for a little more explanation:
Scouting Ideals
The ideals are those outlined in the Scout Oath and Law, the Scout Motto and Slogan, and the concept of "Scout Spirit". The ideals define what a Scout should strive to be: trustworthy, loyal, helpful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient, cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, reverent, mentally awake, morally straight, physically fit, always prepared. The Boy Scout measures himself against these ideals and continually tries to improve. The goals are high, and, as he reaches for them, he has some control over what and who he becomes.
This method permeates everything Scouts do, defining acceptable behavior, challenging the Scout to do his best, and even to do better than his best. Scout spirit describes the level of commitment a Scout has toward these ideals, and challenges him to do what needs to be done.
Patrols
The patrol method gives Boy Scouts an experience in group living and participating citizenship. It places responsibility on young shoulders and teaches boys how to accept it. The patrol method allows Scouts to interact in small groups where they can easily relate to each other. These small groups determine troop activities through their elected representatives.
The Patrol is the basic unit of Scouting. It is a perfectly sized group of Scouts with a common purpose. When properly formed, the Patrol is more than a group; it's a team and each member has a job to do. In a Patrol, the Scout first begins learning about citizenship, making decisions, and doing things for himself. He counts on the other members of his Patrol to do their part, just as they count on him to do his.
Membership in a Patrol leads to opportunities for leadership, so this method is also important to other methods in this list. Everything in Scouting can and should be done using the Patrol method, and Patrols should be more than just a list of names. The group should be real, and it should have real things to do. Its leaders should be real leaders, with real authority.
Outdoors
Boy Scouting is designed to take place outdoors. It is in the outdoor setting that Scouts share responsibilities and learn to live with one another. It is here that the skills and activities practiced at troop meetings come alive with purpose. Being close to nature helps Boy Scouts gain an appreciation for God's handiwork and humankind's place in it. The outdoors is the laboratory for Boy Scouts to learn ecology and practice conservation of nature's resources.
Doing things outdoors are what Scouting is all about. Putting the "Out" in Scout"! In the course of doing the things Scouts do, a boy cannot help but go into the outdoors. In fact, it's impossible to properly conduct a Scouting program without going outdoors. As much as possible, and as often as possible, Scouts should get out of buildings. They should follow the dirt trails, camp in the woods, swim in the lake, and all of the other things boys have done for millennia.
A Scout program that doesn't include going into the outdoors is not much of a program. It can't be much fun either. Scouting is not school. We don't learn things in Scouting by sitting in a classroom - we learn them by going out and doing them!
Advancement
Boy Scouting provides a series of surmountable obstacles and steps in overcoming them through the advancement method. The Boy Scout plans his advancement and progresses at his own pace as he meets each challenge. The Boy Scout is rewarded for each achievement, which helps him gain self-confidence. The steps in the advancement system help a Boy Scout grow in self-reliance and in the ability to help others.
The advancement method is nearly as pervasive as the ideals of Scouting. Advancement gives the Scout things to do when they go outdoors, and it gives Patrols something to work together on. Advancement also contributes to a Scout's personal growth, provides opportunities for leadership and adult associations, and a reason to go outside.
Advancement in Scouting is specifically designed to present every boy with a big challenge, broken up into smaller and smaller challenges. A Scout learns to set goals, develop plans for meeting those goals, to motivate himself to do what needs to be done, to always try his best and keep trying, and even that his perception of what he can do is often wrong. The Scout learns about his personal abilities and limitations, and ways to overcome those limitations and take advantage of those abilities.
Personal Growth
As Boy Scouts plan their activities and progress toward their goals, they experience personal growth. The Good Turn concept is a major part of the personal growth method of Boy Scouting. Boys grow as they participate in community service projects and do Good Turns for others. Probably no device is so successful in developing a basis for personal growth as the daily Good Turn. The religious emblems program also is a large part of the personal growth method. Frequent personal conferences with his Scoutmaster help each Boy Scout to determine his growth toward Scouting's aims.
Much of what we do in Scouting involves boys facing unfamiliar territory and learning to cope with it. This is what we call personal growth. Every Scout develops greater confidence through experience and advancement. He learns to have confidence in himself; to challenge himself, and to learn from his failures.
Every step along the way, a Scout is faced with a challenge that has to be overcome. In the process, he learns to look at himself differently. He stops saying "I can't" and begins to look for ways to say, "I can." As his confidence grows he looks for greater responsibilities and challenges. He learns to make real decisions.
Adult Association
From time immemorial youth have looked to adults for guidance. Sons look to parents for an example to live by. Students look to teachers for knowledge. In Scouting, this tradition continues. Adults provide the living example to Scouts of the ideals of Scouting. More importantly, adults provide the impetus for a Scout's personal growth and self-confidence.
Adults also provide the safety net that allows Scouting to work. Through guidance and support adults in Scouting create the environment the Scouts need to take advantage of these methods. The Scout learns to work with other adults and develops the skills needed to navigate the adult world.
Leadership Development
The Boy Scout program encourages boys to learn and practice leadership skills. Every Boy Scout has the opportunity to participate in both shared and total leadership situations. Understanding the concepts of leadership helps a boy accept the leadership role of others and guides him toward the citizenship aim of Scouting.
Scouts learn to lead themselves. In Scouting, adults aren't there to lead the youth. They are there to guide the youth through the process of leading themselves. This process begins in the Patrol where Scouts have their first opportunity to choose their own leaders. As the Scout's experience grows, his opportunities for leadership increase.
Leadership in Scouting includes making decisions and guiding the troop and Patrol, planning the program, and conducting meetings. Scouts learn to lead by leading, and they develop leadership skills by learning to follow their chosen leaders.
Uniform
The uniform makes the Boy Scout troop visible as a force for good and creates a positive youth image in the community. Boy Scouting is an action program, and wearing the uniform is an action that shows each Boy Scout's commitment to the aims and purposes of Scouting. The uniform gives the Boy Scout identity in a world brotherhood of youth who believe in the same ideals. The uniform is practical attire for Boy Scout activities and provides a way for Boy Scouts to wear the badges that show what they have accomplished. People seeing a boy in a Scout uniform expect someone of good character who is prepared to the best of his ability to help those around him.
The uniform has always been an important part of being a Scout. In this day and age, many would have you believe that the uniform really isn't all that important; that a Scout is as much a Scout in T-shirt and jeans as he is in khaki and green. That's partly true, but the uniform is more than a set of clothes. It's more than simply a place to display achievements. It is a symbol of the boy's commitment to Scouting - his acceptance of Scouting's ideals and willingness to live by them.
Scouts who do not wear a uniform usually do not have a complete understanding of Scouting or the commitment they have been asked to make. Many Scouts will tell you that the uniform doesn't look good, it doesn't fit well, or it isn't very good for outdoor activities. In some respects, this is true, but they are superficial concerns. Perhaps they don't understand that the uniform is a symbol of their commitment and, not wearing the uniform is a sign that they lack that commitment.
The Right Method For The Job
Scouting's methods represent the tools we use, the path we take in reaching for our goals. In every Scouting activity, some element of each of these methods will be evident. Sometimes this will be obvious; often it will not. But the methods are where we concentrate our attention and effort. A balanced combination of these will lead us to the aims.
Some would say that the methods really aren't that important, that it doesn't matter what methods you use as long as you have the same aims and concentrate on those. That's not necessarily true. In any effort, if you concentrate all of your attention and effort on the goal you want to achieve, you can't be paying much attention to how you're getting there and whether the path you're taking will lead to success. Imagine trying to navigate a maze by maintaining your focus on the exit. No matter what you do, you'll soon find yourself lost in the maze.
© Copyright 2011 ScoutLander LLC, All Rights Reserved.
ScoutLander.com is not officially associated with or endorsed by the Boy Scouts of America. Help us improve ScoutLander. Send us feedback.
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Researchers from Baidu Research Robotics and Auto-Driving Lab (RAL) and the University of Maryland, College Park (UMD) have developed a real-time mapping approach for autonomous navigation of excavators on complex terrains, named Terrain Traversability Mapping (TTM).Using TTM, an autonomous excavator can navigate through unstructured outdoor environments consisting of deep pits, steep hills, rock piles, and other complex terrain features. This is the first complex terrain processing approach developed for heavy-duty excavation machines.
Terrain traversability mapping system used for autonomous excavator navigation
The development of robotic systems such as autonomous excavators in the construction and mining industries is a growing trend as these companies worldwide are encountering labor shortages in the face of increasing demand for skilled heavy machinery operators. The global market size for excavators was $44.12 billion in 2018 and is expected to grow to $63.14 billion by 2026.
Excavators are widely operated in unstructured and dangerous environments that have unpredictable and potentially hazardous conditions. The operations of excavators consist of digging and dumping, which raise the risk of landfalls or cave-ins. These complex environments lack lane markings, and obstacles tend to be non-uniform and random, making them less navigation-friendly. To ensure the safety of operators in this environment, it is crucial for autonomous excavators to be able to identify different terrain features and predict safe regions for navigation.
To enable autonomous excavators to handle complex terrains, the researchers developed an efficient learning-based geometric method to extract terrain features from RGB images and 3D point clouds and incorporate them into a global map for planning and navigation. The method uses physical characteristics of the excavator, including maximum climbing degree and machine specifications, to determine the traversable area, adapt to changing environments, and update the terrain information in real-time. In addition, these researchers have prepared a novel autonomous excavator terrain dataset, which consists of RGB images and LiDAR point clouds from construction sites with seven different categories based on navigability. This integrates the mapping approach with planning and control modules to continuously improve the autonomous excavator navigation system. Experiments showed that while using TTM, an excavator can navigate through unstructured environments with a much higher success rate compared to existing planning schemes.
Terrain mapping results computed using TTM
The new TTM technique comes on the heels of another innovation Baidu RAL and UMD co-developed this June -- an autonomous excavator system (AES) that can perform material loading tasks for 24 hours without any human intervention, while offering performance nearly equivalent to that of an experienced human operator. The researchers described their methodology in a research paper published on June 30, 2021, in Science Robotics.
To learn more about this work, visit: http://research.baidu.com/Public/uploads/61401e2de7c64.pdf.
Ready to see AES, an autonomous excavator system for material loading without human intervention? Baidu will demonstrate this technology at MINExpo 2021 in Las Vegas, Nevada from September 13th to 15th! Visit us at booth 25306-S. More info: https://www.minexpo.com/
Previous One:Baidu Releases PLATO-XL: World’s First 11 Billion Parameter Pre-Trained Dialogue Generation Model Next One:Baidu at ACL-IJCNLP 2021
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1st Test: India v New Zealand, Match Report
18-22 October 1995
Day 1 Report
First day of five: India (81-3) trail New Zealand (145) by 64 runs
It should have been a momentous day for Lee Germon, captaining New Zealand on his Test debut at the Chinnaswamy Stadium. Instead India turned it into a near-nightmare for him.
Only Germon's timely 48 prevented disintegration yesterday as New Zealand were dismissed for 145 on a pitch already puffing up dust.
He won what had seemed a crucial toss, but he was needed at the crease shortly after lunch, with the scoreboard 71 for six.
He countered the spinners expertly and later provided the breakthrough with a lovely catch to dismiss Manoj Prabhakar when India replied.
In the morning New Zealand were rocked by the two local players Javagal Srinath and Anil Kumble, whose four wickets included a distinguished 100th Test victim in Martin Crowe.
Srinath had Mark Greatbatch fending desperately before sending his off-stump on a spectacular tumble. He took three for 24 from 14 overs as India discovered the rare joy of a quick bowler getting wickets at the start.
Day 2: NZ falter as India keep up pressure
Second day of five: New Zealand (145 & 124-5) lead India (228) by 42 runs
The wicket at the Chinnaswamy Stadium continued to produce an unequal contest between bat and ball on the second day of the first Test, and New Zealand have emerged a definitive second-best so far, at 125 for five and only 42 ahead.
They did well in the morning to restrict India to a lead of only 83 as the bowling, led by Chris Cairns, caused India to collapse sensationally from 211 for four to 228 all out.
Ajay Jadeja and Mohammed Azharuddin had looked untroubled in their partnership of 95 until Danny Morrison induced an outside edge from Jadeja, who had hit a career-best 59.
But Azharuddin was in top form yesterday, his silken deflections repeatedly finding gaps, and he looked set for a 15th Test century when Cairns slipped in a well-disguised off-break to knock two stumps over. In a low-scoring match, Azharuddin's 87 might just prove to be the match-winning innings.
The seamers bowled outstandingly for New Zealand on a surface that grows increasingly spiteful. Unfortunately for them, the batsmen have not quite played the supporting role and the second innings was as dismal as the first.
Fleming and Cairns will have to produce a big effort from here if the match is to go into a fourth day.
Day 3: New Zealand are humbled in three days
Third day of five: India (228 & 151-2) beat New Zealand (145 & 233) by 8 wkts
New Zealand will leave the friendly climate of Bangalore for steamy Madras, still reeling from a technical knock-out. A Test match that ends in three days has either been completely onesided or played on a beastly surface.
This match had a touch of both. New Zealand, resuming at 125 for five yesterday, needed a colossal effort from Chris Cairns and Stephen Fleming. In the first 20 minutes, both were gone, and with a pre-lunch result looking possible, the New Zealand lowerorder once again demonstrated its character.
Lee Germon, who has carried himself, and indeed performed, with great dignity, led the little revival with another solid innings of 41. The last three wickets produced 99 runs as the Indian bowlers once again showed an inability to shut the door on the opponent.
Mohammad Azharuddin had to turn once more to Javagal Srinath and Anil Kumble and while they delivered again, Kumble getting nine in the match, the rest of the bowling must cause worry in a more equal contest: 151 was a tricky target on a wicket that was distinctly two-paced.
India needed a sound start. They got a blazing one as Ajay Jadeja, in the side only because Navjot Sidhu was unavailable, produced the most charming shots to score 45 out of the first 50 in under 12 overs. His wonderfully fluent batting - he scored 73, to go with 59 in the first innings - gives India even more batting options, while Manoj Prabhakar's typically gritty innings of 43 means another chance for him at the top of the order.
Though two teams in the last 12 months have won a three-Test series after being down 1-0, it will require a staggering transformation from New Zealand to become the third.
Source: The Electronic Telegraph
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PUNA, Hawaii – The Geothermal Public Health Assessment findings and recommendations have been posted in draft form. The 118 page document, as has been stated before, is not a scientific research paper, but rather a joint fact finding effort done through a “study group”. It was organized and conducted by Peter Adler at the request […]
PUNA, Hawaii – The Geothermal Public Health Assessment findings and recommendations have been posted in draft form.
The 118 page document, as has been stated before, is not a scientific research paper, but rather a joint fact finding effort done through a “study group”. It was organized and conducted by Peter Adler at the request of Mayor Billy Kenoi, who at the time was facing increased public outcry over the effects of the existing geothermal industry on public health – specifically in the area nearest the Puna Geothermal Venture plant – and the planned expansion of the industry around the resource. (link to the document below)
From the draft report:
After discussion and assurances that the inquiry would focus on the best factual information available and be conducted without political interference or advocacy, Adler was contracted to undertake a “joint fact finding” approach that would involve scientists, knowledgeable community leaders, medical clinicians, and others with experience and interest in the subject.Adler’s plan, approved by the Mayor’s office, was to assemble a small project team, prepare a project overview (Annex #1, “Project Description”), conduct a round of confidential interviews to understand the history and current views of geothermal health issues, and then bring together a sustained and science-focused “Study Group” engaged in joint and mutual fact finding. Information on the project and the deliberations would be available at a website and meetings would be held in the Puna District. Interested members of the public would be able to offer their ideas and views at the end of each meeting. Adler’s contract was for $50,000 inclusive of all expenses related to the project.
It is a large document that is full of valuable information, including links to past assessments and environmental studies that are often referenced in geothermal discussion but can be hard to locate online.
The executive summary gives a concise overview of the findings and recommendations:
Findings
1. Puna’s Public Health Profile Is Unclear.
Puna’s overall public health appears worse than the County and State. We do not have an accurate and readily available profile of disease and illness patterns for the past and current populations of Puna. Usable and pertinent public health information should normally include statistics on mortality (heart disease, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory illness, unintentional accidents, etc.); actual causes of death (accidents, tobacco, alcohol, microbial agents, toxic agents, etc.); actual disabilities (arthritis, diabetes, chronic back problems, impaired vision, etc.); and detailed mortality and morbidity information by age, ethnicity, and length of time in Puna. An accurate health picture would normally also include clinic and hospital admissions, numbers of days of sickness, and other statistical snapshots that could provide a better basis for understanding geothermal health issues.
2. Health Studies Are Needed.
Events during the HGP-A era and during the 1991 blowout provided exposures that studies conducted outside of Puna have associated with adverse health effects. The Study Group believes there were health effects from geothermal development during this period of time. Based on Goddard & Goddard’s modeling analysis of emission concentrations of the 1991 blow-out as well as subsequent volunteered reports and medical diagnoses of symptoms, the Study Group concludes there is evidence that there were health effects from the exposures early in the development of geothermal (before 1993). The full extent and severity of those effects has not been documented. After 1993, the Study Group is uncertain about whether there have been health effects and what the extent and severity of those effects are, if any, due in part to poor identification and documentation in health studies. No study has clearly identified the scope of the effects nor has any study established clear causation. Since 1991, no health study has identified any health effects that can be attributed to geothermal development or operations, but monitoring of exposures has been inadequate.
3. Geothermal Operations Carry Health Risks
Risks from geothermal energy production in Puna exist. The actual extent and impacts of those risks remains unresolved. What is known is that hazardous chemicals come up and go back down in PGV’s closed system. Some fluids inevitably escape to air, water, and/or at ground level. Harmful effects can only be understood through better monitoring and reliable health data.
Recommendations
1. Undertake a Comprehensive Health Effects Study.
Using robust scientific methodologies, the County should commission a comparison group study to test four hypotheses. First, central nervous system (“CNS”) degradation of the sample population will likely be more pronounced as a function of highest peak exposure to H2S. Other symptoms, particularly respiratory effects, may be more pronounced as a function of length and extent of exposure. Second, CNS and other negative health effects from exposure to emissions including H2S will be greater in areas of highest exposures. Such exposures will be a function of meteorological conditions and emission rates over plant history. Third, heavy metal and other chemical contamination from geothermal energy production sources may have spread into the soil and into water catchments and affected drinking water supplies. This spread of heavy metals could cause health effects to residents in proximity to geothermal plants. Fourth, as a consequence of noise and vibration, residents who have (a) lived closest to geothermal project development, (b) directly experienced geothermal gas releases, (c) have been evacuated, or (d) have experienced the highest noise levels may be more likely to show anxiety disorder symptoms.
2. Conduct a Meta-Analysis of H2S.
A complete and up-to-date examination of all relevant information on the H2S topics covered by this report has not been performed. The Study Group believes that one of the best methods to accomplish a robust informative review is a “meta-analysis.” It is recommended that an RFP be established and funded to perform a meta-analysis of our primary health concern: the effects of H2S on CNS and respiratory function.
3. Establish a Better Monitoring System.
Although responsibility for the monitoring and reporting of exposures is decentralized across different agencies and organizations, current monitoring systems and protocols are inadequate and must be substantially improved. County of Hawai‘i is the layer of government closest to the day-to-day lives of its citizens and the health and welfare of its citizens must take precedence over other geothermal interests it may have. County of Hawai‘i should take the lead in ensuring that reliable data and information is collected, reported, and retained so that exposures can be understood both when upset conditions occur, and cumulatively over time.
4. Evaluate Geothermal Effects on Drinking Water and the Near-Shore Ocean Environment.
Geothermal energy production involves drilling through various geological layers, creating a risk of water contamination downstream of the reinjection site. As a separate initiative, the County should commission USGS to study the consequence of brine re-injection possibly using pentane as a marker. Ocean contamination and possible near-shore die off should also be studied. Using robust scientific methodologies, the County should test the following hypotheses. First, brine that is deeply re-injected into the lower East Rift geothermal zone could be migrating vertically into surface water flows, causing contamination of these surface waters and the ocean shore brackish basal ground waters. Second, contamination of the ocean shore waters caused by geothermal development could be affecting coastal and near-shore plant and animal life. Third, pentane or possibly other injectate components can serve as markers for injection fluid migration.
5. Assure the Credibility, Reliability, and Independence of Experts.
The Study Group recommends a two-tier approach that (1) puts the review and evaluation of proposals in the hands of disinterested scientists and (2) makes the final selection the responsibility of informed, unbiased local citizens and County personnel. This recommendation responds to the continued wariness by some citizens that their fears of health harms will not be influential while at the same time recognizing that the County must be convinced that an open, objective, and scientifically valid selection will result.
6. Ensure There Is No Old or Ongoing Contamination From HGP-A.
The Study Group recommends that the County use the full strength of its influence with state and federal agencies and private landowners to ensure the old HGP-A site is free of contaminants. Soils and water channels in the area of the five HGP-A brine pits should be studied with vertical samples deep enough to go beyond the fill used to cover old pits. Any survey should examine whether and to what extent contamination occurred and what re-mediations, if any, may be required.
7. Strengthen Public Communications and Alerts.
Since geothermal energy production involves health and safety risks, announcements, messages, and emergency declarations must reach the public in a timely manner, especially those in close proximity to geothermal operations. The more severe the condition, the more urgent the communication required. We urge the County to install and update its notification procedures and to consider a variety of mechanisms to provide alerts to the public when upset conditions occur.
The report carries some caveats, mainly in relation to what happens next. The report is “summative and not exhaustive of all issues, facts, and controversies surrounding geothermal health matters,” it reads. “In fact, the great preponderance of the group’s deliberations focused on the health effects of H2S and secondarily on metals.” But it also says, “Because a specific issue, problem, or concern is not listed, readers should not assume there is no problem.”
Even though the report recommends a comprehensive health study be undertaken, it stops short of recommending who should do it. “Naming particular scientists is beyond the mandate of this Study Group,” the report states. “Instead, and in keeping with the mandate, the Group has sought to articulate the hypotheses and general methodologies that the County should use as it pursues scientific and technical work in matters related to geothermal health along with how the qualifications of prospective experts should be solicited, vetted and selected. Expressions of interest or responses to a request for a proposal should be open to all qualified researchers.”
The group also makes a statement on geothermal policy, again with an even-hand.
6. Geothermal Policy
While Study Group members hold different political views regarding geothermal energy development and fully understand that assessments like this will probably be used in larger policy conversations, the Group takes no collective position on those debates other than an overriding belief that there must be useful and more definitive health studies. Our focus is only on health. In the words of one Study Group member: “We are not anti-geothermal, but any geothermal enterprise must be safe for the community, for plant personnel, for the county, and for investors.”
The report also acknowledges that there are points of divergence among study group members. “This report reflects areas of agreement,” reads the document. “Where members have different views, dissents from the majority, or perspectives that go beyond this project’s scope, room has been made for their expressions at Annex #4.”
Those statements were not included in the draft report.
The report gave the names, places of residence and experience of each study group member.
Jay Bondesen (Puna)
Retired builder. Background experience with materials safety data and hazard. Member and President of the Leilani Estates Board of Directors.
Alfred Dettweiler (Puna)
Past President of the Leilani Community Association and a long-time resident of Puna. Has extensive background in the history of geothermal energy development in Hawai‘i and has gathered H2S readings in the community.
Dan Domizo, MPH, PA (Puna)
Clinical Programs Director of the Puna Community Medical Center. Resident of Puna District who brings wide-ranging and in-depth experience with public health matters in Puna.
Edward Fisher, PhD (Kea‘au)
Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, UH Hilo School of Pharmacy. Has wide-ranging experience in scientific matters and brings special
experience in toxicology.
James Haefner, PhD (Puna)
Professor Emeritus, Department of Biology and Ecology, Utah State University. Has extensive background in the design, validation, and statistical analysis of system models.
LaRee Ann Hiltner, MS (Puna)
Degrees in Civil and Environmental Engineering. Brings experience in industrial hygiene, instrumentation, and calibration.
Robert Petricci (Puna)
Businessman and founder and long-time leader of Puna Pono Alliance. Knowledgeable about geothermal matters generally and, more specifically, the history of geothermal issues in the Puna District.
René Siracusa, MA, ABD (Puna)
One of the founders of the Big Island Rainforest Action Group and President of Malama O Puna. Brings long experience in environmental matters and serves as board president of Puna Community
Medical Center.
A. Jeff Sutton, PhD (Volcano)
Geochemist with the Hawai‘i Volcano Observatory. Brings strong background in the chemistry of volcanic gases, the role of gases in eruptive processes, and the effects of volcanic emissions as a volcanic hazard.
Laura Travis, RN (Puna)
Healthcare experience with expertise in medical issues faced by mothers, infants, retirees, and war injured. Training and service in public health.
Thomas Travis, USN (ret) (Puna)
Retired submarine and deputy battle group commander. Brings extensive military and civilian experience in the practical application of analysis and evidentiary standards to complex
problems.
Maile Tuali‘i, PhD (Honolulu)
Brings strong background in public health genetics, informatics, and related behavioral and social sciences coupled with Native Hawaiian cultural perspectives.
The report notes that over the course of the study group’s work, Dr. Tuali‘i and Mr. Domizio were unable to complete their participation with the Study Group due to other obligations.
The group also had input from liasons who provided additional information and responded to technical questions. They were:
Newton Inouye, District Environmental Health Program Chief for the Hawai‘i District Health Office. Responsible for planning and directing the work of the Vector Control and Sanitation Units of the Hawai‘i District Health Office.
Michael L. Kaleikini, Senior Director for Hawaiian Affairs for Puna Geothermal Venture – Ormat Technologies Inc. Responsible for project development, community affairs, and policy issues in Hawai‘i.
Jeffery Melrose, Special Assistant to Mayor Kenoi, County of Hawai‘i. “Point of contact” and project liaison to County of Hawai‘i.
Jon-Pierre Michaud, PhD, MS, Associate Professor of Chemistry at UH Hilo and a former faculty member in the Manoa School of Public Health. His PhD is in Toxicology with a focus on environmental toxicant interactions. He also holds an MS in Industrial Hygiene.
DeWofle Miller, MS, MPH, PhD, professor of epidemiology, microbiology, public health, and tropical medicine at the John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai‘i. In addition to being a Fellow in the American College of Epidemiology, he has been a Fulbright scholar and has published epidemiological research on both chronic and infectious diseases.
The report goes on to lay out the history of the geothermal industry in Puna, and then most of the document gets into the health issues. It goes into detail about how the content of any Requests For Proposals for further study should be derived – through a Selection Committee, in the case of analysis of groundwater contamination by HPG-A, air exposure monitoring, and analysis of H2S health effects.
From page 65 to 106 the report provides bibliographical resources, and then concludes with a “Preliminary Dispersion Modeling Of PGV Hydrogen Sulfide Releases into the Atmosphere” as provided by Christopher Biltoft of Adiabat Meteorological Services (Annex-6). His findings, summarized in the executive summary:
Model results show that releases from PGV into the surrounding community could exceed the State of Hawaii hydrogen sulfide air quality standard (0.025 parts per million, ppm), and occasionally exceed the State of Hawaii “Warning Threshold” which may require evacuations. Some releases also could exceed the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Acute Exposure Guideline Level (no health effects) at considerable distances from the source. However, these modeling results do not exceed the EPA serious long-term health effects threshold. These preliminary screening model results are advisory only, but underscore the need at the PGV site for a measurements and modeling program using modern instruments and atmospheric dispersion models.
Big Island Video News filmed one of the meetings held near Pahoa earlier this year.
Feb. 2013 – Geothermal Public Health Assessment Study Group meets
The draft report is being issued at an opportune time for public discussion. Today, a Save Pohoiki festival will be held at Akebono theater, featuring guest speakers and music, part of a the public’s stand against the further development of geothermal in the area.
LINK: DRAFT Geothermal Public Health Assessment
Filed Under: Uncategorized Tagged With: geothermal energy, Geothermal Public Health Assessment Study Group, Peter Adler, Rene Siracusa
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The surprising freefall of the Penguins in the past several weeks has dropped them to a wild card spot and with that, has given the Canadiens yet another potential first round opponent. How do the Habs match up with Pittsburgh?
Regular Season Results
November 18: Pittsburgh 4, Montreal 0
January 3: Montreal 4, Pittsburgh 1
January 10: Pittsburgh 2, Montreal 1 (OT)
Head-to-Head Leaders
Montreal:
Goals: Pacioretty (2), Desharnais/Emelin/Gilbert (1)
Assists: 9 tied with (1)
Points: Pacioretty (3), Gilbert (2), 9 tied with (1)
PIMS: Emelin/Gilbert (4), Galchenyuk/Plekanec (2)
Pittsburgh:
Goals: Crosby (2), 5 tied with (1)
Assists: Bennett/Downie/Letang (2), 5 tied with (1)
Points: Bennett/Crosby/Downie (3), Letang (2)
PIMS: Bortuzzo (6), Downie (4), 6 tied with (2)
Special Teams
Head-to-Head:
Montreal: 0% PP (0/11), 66.7% PK (4/6)
Pittsburgh: 33.3% PP (2/6), 100% PK (11/11)
Regular Season:
(Stats are as of games played through April 10th.)
Montreal: 16.7% PP (40/240, T-22nd overall), 83.3% PK (210/252, 10th overall)
Pittsburgh: 19.3% PP (49/254, 10th overall), 84.8% PK (235/277, 3rd overall)
As we all know, special teams haven’t been a strength for the Habs for most of the season which could be an issue here. The Penguins are one of the top teams in the league when it comes to shorthanded success; couple that with Montreal’s complete inability to score power play goals on the road (just 13 on the year) and it seems highly unlikely that Montreal’s man advantage will actually be an advantage.
The Canadiens’ penalty kill has faltered as of late which should be a cause for concern going up against a Penguins power play unit that features many weapons. One thing that could work in Montreal’s favour is Pittsburgh’s penchant for allowing shorthanded tallies. They’re near the top of the league in that category while Montreal is near the top in shorthanded goals scored. That all said, the Pens have the advantage in the special teams department.
Goaltending
Head-to-Head this season:
Carey Price (MTL): 1-1-1 record, 2.29 GAA, .922 SV%, 0 SO
Marc-Andre Fleury (PIT): 2-1-0 record, 1.63 GAA, .943 SV%, 1 SO
Head-to-Head All-Time:
(Regular Season Stats only)
Carey Price (MTL): 10-10-3 record, 2.93 GAA, .908 SV%, 1 SO
Marc-Andre Fleury (PIT): 18-10-3 record, 3.01 GAA, .897 SV%, 1 SO
The head-to-head numbers would suggest this is a toss-up but I don’t think there would be too many out there who would actually make that argument. Price has been at the top of his game pretty much all season while Fleury has been up-and-down which has long been a criticism of his. I have little doubt that Fleury can steal a series when he’s on his game which makes him a big wildcard in a potential MTL-PIT matchup. However, I have my doubts that he’ll be able to play at the top of his game given his performance as of late. When you consider that and the fact that Price is Price, the Habs get the nod when it comes to the goalies.
Defence
Pittsburgh Montreal
Martin – Lovejoy
Ehrhoff – Cole
Scuderi – Pouliot
Scratches: Chorney
Injuries: Letang, Maatta Markov – Subban
Emelin – Petry
Beaulieu – Gilbert
Scratches: Gonchar, Pateryn
Weaver
(Ehrhoff is currently injured but is expected to be ready for the playoffs. Pouliot is also currently day-to-day.)
Both bluelines are lacking in the grit/physical department which makes for an interesting comparison. Obviously, the Habs have the better top pairing but I have my concerns about their in-zone play. With the Penguins having a lot of skilled forwards, I fear Montreal will have some issues when it comes to containment. On the flip side, Pittsburgh’s blueline may not be overly physical but they can ice some solid shutdown options. Between that and the Habs’ offensive struggles as a team, that could play a big role. On paper, Montreal’s defence corps looks better but on the ice, I think the Penguins may have the slightly more effective group in a series.
Forwards
Pittsburgh Montreal
Winnik – Crosby – Hornqvist
Kunitz – Malkin – Comeau
Downie – Sutter – Spaling
Adams – Lapierre – Perron
Scratches: Bennett
Injured: Dupuis Galchenyuk – Plekanec – Gallagher
Smith-Pelly – Desharnais – Parenteau
de la Rose – Eller – Weise
Prust – Mitchell – Flynn
Scratches: Malhotra
Injured: Pacioretty
(Downie is currently injured but is only day-to-day. Everyone’s waiting with baited breath for whether or not Pacioretty will be available when the playoffs start.)
It’s mind boggling how the Penguins are struggling to score up front. I know they’re not the strongest on the wings (aside from Hornqvist and to a lesser degree, Perron) but there’s still enough talent there that you have to expect that they’ll turn it around at some point. I’m a big fan of their bottom six. It has size, some skill, some agitators, and most importantly, is good enough to play a shutdown role, freeing up the Crosby and Malkin lines to focus on offence.
For the Habs, their already-weak offence looks even weaker without Pacioretty in the lineup. While there is still some offensive talent, it’s likely that the hope would be to win a lot of 2-1 games. The bottom six options are quality defensive forwards but it’s hard to foresee the type of bottom six contributions that Montreal received in the 2014 playoffs.
Both groups have had their struggles as of late which makes it hard to declare any sort of meaningful advantage. If I had to speculate about which group is more likely to find their offensive game though, I’d have to pick Pittsburgh.
Final Thought
A couple of weeks ago, I would have thought there was no chance that this matchup could occur. (If you’ve seen our poll, you’ll note that the Penguins aren’t one of the options.) But with them faltering and the Habs still battling for Atlantic Division seeding, there’s a realistic chance that these two meet up next week.
One big wildcard for this series would be coaching. Pittsburgh has a rookie bench boss in Mike Johnston and many of their fans have similar concerns as Montreal fans do with Michel Therrien. Does a lack of NHL (or for that matter, professional) postseason coaching experience give the Habs an edge? There’s no way to quantify it so I’m not going to guess whether it would or wouldn’t but it could possibly be a storyline at some point.
On paper, Pittsburgh looks like the better team but can Carey Price be the great equalizer? I’d like to think he can but I’d have some doubts, especially if Pacioretty isn’t ready to return, that Price could steal several games of the 2-1 or even 1-0 variety as I just don’t see the Penguins’ offence scuffling this much for another few weeks. It would be a long series either way but as things currently stand, I think Pittsburgh could take it in the end. That is, unless Marc-Andre Fleury repeats his postseason adventures of recent years. If that happens, all bets are off.
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May 1, 2019 — Emmer, R-Minn., Submits a constitutional authority statement on the legislation. Congressional Record p. H3405
May 1, 2019 — Original cosponsor(s): 1
Foster, (D-Ill.)
May 1, 2019 — Read twice and referred to: House Financial Services.Congressional Record p. H3403
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Important Bills
Federal - S 3533
A bill authorize and establish minimum standards for electronic and remote notarizations that occur in or affect interstate commerce, to require any Federal court located in a State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce, and to require any State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce or when the notarization was performed under or relates to a public act, record, or judicial proceeding of the State in which the notary public was commissioned.
Federal - HR 6364
A bill to authorize and establish minimum standards for electronic and remote notarizations that occur in or affect interstate commerce, to require any Federal court located in a State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce, and to require any State to recognize notarizations performed by a notary public commissioned by another State when the notarization occurs in or affects interstate commerce or when the notarization was performed under or relates to a public act, record, or judicial proceeding of the State in which the notary public was commissioned.
Federal - S 1463
A bill to establish a scorekeeping rule to ensure that increases in guarantee fees of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac shall not be used to offset provisions that increase the deficit.
Federal - HR 5931
A bill to require a review of the effects of FHA mortgage insurance policies, practices, and products on small-dollar mortgage lending, and for other purposes.
Federal - HR 4351
A bill to require certain grantees under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 to submit a plan to track discriminatory land use policies, and for other purposes.
Federal - HR 5055
A bill to amend the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 to prohibit the use of guarantee fees as offsets.
Federal - S 540
A bill to provide minimum standards for transactions secured by a dwelling, and for other purposes.
Federal - HR 2445
A bill to provide minimum standards for transactions secured by a dwelling, and for other purposes.
Federal - HR 2210
A bill to amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to repeal certain provisions applicable to foreign investment in United States real property.
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If you are a Laurel and Hardy fan, then you totally get the meaning of “another nice mess you’ve gotten us (me) into.” Each movie was a series of antics that started with one innocent act that led to a series of escalating events that culminated in a total collapse of a building, a car crash a train derailment. Each one funnier than the other, but this is no laughing matter. The Oxford English Dictionary shows that back in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, as English was coming into its own, nice meant “stupid” or “foolish.” (From the Baltimore Sun)
What a “nice mess” a series of lapses has caused. Once again, innocent people will unfortunately die, and a significant number will be African American. I heard the comment it was because we have so many comorbidities, and that is true. Another real problem is that so many of us do not have the privilege to work from home. We are on the frontlines, even in healthcare. We are the Certified nursing assistants for home care agencies, in nursing homes, in assisted livings and group homes. We are working on the front lines in every area of the hospital, from foodservice to cleaning services, and more. So, when we finally succumb to COVID-19, it will be due to our inability to shelter in place because we are deemed essential personnel. African-Americans comprise a large percent of transit workers, sanitation engineers, new Amazon hires, and working in Supermarkets. Walmart is a significant employer of people of color.
So, let’s not be silent. We must make sure that we are recognized as those unsung heroes that are once again keeping this country running. The blame game will paint us as overweight and sick, but there are many healthy people also dying from this disease. The problem is a lack of access to good primary care and low paying essential jobs that put us in harm’s way. We will see this play out in the rural and urban areas across the country. This disease will spread because of the lack of response by local officials in rural areas in the south and Midwest and by even the ignorance of church officials who are still having church services. We need a two-prong approach from healthcare. To protect ourselves, we need to protect our vulnerable populations that are held hostage to a system that is stacked against them.
Let’s fight to get the statistics out there so that once again, we do not have false information. No, this is not a conspiracy, and the numbers are not being inflated.
“I agree that income disparity is the great issue of our time. It is even broader and more difficult than the civil rights issues of the 1960s. The ’99 percent’ is not just a slogan. The disparity in income has left the middle class with lowered, not rising, income, and the poor unable to reach the middle class.”
Eleanor Holmes Norton
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2 thoughts on “Another nice mess!!”
cyclingrandma on April 9, 2020 at 2:39 pm said:
Wise words well said. I hope this virus draws attention to many things– income inequality, climate change, greed, and so on.
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A new report from the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) documents that while unionization rates have continued to decline, “union workers have seen less job loss than non-union workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
As the EPI analysis outlines:
“Where workers have been able to act collectively and bargain through their union, they have been able to secure enhanced safety measures, additional premium pay, and paid sick time, during the pandemic,” said EPI Director of Policy Heidi Shierholz. “Due to this, unionized workers have had a voice in how their employers have navigated the pandemic, including negotiating for terms of furloughs or work-share arrangements to save jobs. This likely played a role in limiting overall job loss among unionized workers.”
This news is important in that it illustrates the key role unions can play in protecting job security in perilous economic times as well as insisting on worker health and safety. While the decades-long assault on union labor intensified on multiple fronts during the Trump Administration, many union workers were able to weather the storm and had a better chance to maintain their jobs and fight for urgent protections during the pandemic.
What this illustrates is that even as the pandemic exposed deep racial and economic inequities in American society, unions continued to show why they are perhaps the most necessary tool Americans in both the private and public sector have to address our obscene level of economic inequality and the general erosion of workplace rights and protections in the American economy.
Some of the other key take-aways from the EPI report are:
*Union engagement likely played a key role in limiting overall job loss among unionized workers.
*The “pandemic composition effect” also played a role in limiting job losses, as industries with lower unionization rates tended to experience greater job loss during the pandemic.
*While the private sector lost 544,000 union jobs, the unionization rate still ticked up to 7.2%.
*Unionization rates increased in state and local governments but fell in the federal government largely due to attacks from the Trump Administration.
Thus, as we stand at a historic crossroads for the country, the Biden Administration’s commitment to support unions across the board brings new hope for beleaguered American workers in many sectors.
EPI argues that there is much that can be done:
“The Biden administration and Congress must institute policies that promote union representation and collective bargaining as we rebuild our post-pandemic economy and workforce,” said Celine McNicholas, EPI Director of Government Affairs. “Unions played an invaluable role in fighting for health and safety measures during the pandemic, and but they have been under attack by corporate interests for decades. The Biden administration and the new Congress must make passing the PRO Act and other crucial labor law reforms a main priority.”
More specifically, House Resolution 2474, the Protecting the Right to Organize Act (PRO Act), would provide critical labor law reforms that would allow unions to organize in the private sector once again with a reasonable assurance of success, and that overall boost in union density would help start moving the needle on economic inequality and push back against the decades long assault on workers’ rights. This, and a robust defense of the public sector as a vital part of our democracy, would do much to put working people’s needs back at the center of American political life for the first time in a long, long time.
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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that damages the cells in your immune system and weakens your ability to fight everyday infections and disease.
AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) is the name used to describe a number of potentially life-threatening infections and illnesses that happen when your immune system has been severely damaged by the HIV virus.
While AIDS cannot be transmitted from 1 person to another, the HIV virus can.
There's currently no cure for HIV, but there are very effective drug treatments that enable most people with the virus to live a long and healthy life.
With an early diagnosis and effective treatments, most people with HIV will not develop any AIDS-related illnesses and will live a near-normal lifespan.
Information:
Coronavirus advice
Get advice about coronavirus and HIV from the Terrence Higgins Trust
Most people experience a short flu-like illness 2 to 6 weeks after HIV infection, which lasts for a week or 2.
After these symptoms disappear, HIV may not cause any symptoms for many years, although the virus continues to damage your immune system.
This means many people with HIV do not know they're infected.
Anyone who thinks they could have HIV should get tested.
Some people are advised to have regular tests as they're at particularly high risk.
Read more about who's most at risk of HIV
HIV is found in the body fluids of an infected person. This includes semen, vaginal and anal fluids, blood and breast milk.
It's a fragile virus and does not survive outside the body for long.
HIV cannot be transmitted through sweat, urine or saliva.
The most common way of getting HIV in the UK is through having anal or vaginal sex without a condom.
Other ways of getting HIV include:
sharing needles, syringes or other injecting equipment
transmission from mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding
The chance of getting HIV through oral sex is very low and will be dependent on many things, such as whether you receive or give oral sex and the oral hygiene of the person giving the oral sex.
Seek medical advice as soon as possible if you think you might have been exposed to HIV.
You can get tested in a number of places, including at a GP surgery, sexual health clinics and clinics run by charities.
Find HIV testing services near you
The only way to find out if you have HIV is to have an HIV test. This involves testing a sample of your blood or saliva for signs of the infection.
It's important to be aware that:
emergency anti-HIV medicine called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may stop you becoming infected if started within 72 hours of possible exposure to the virus – it's recommended that you start it as soon as possible, ideally within 24 hours
an early diagnosis means you can start treatment sooner, which can improve your chances of controlling the virus, reduce the risk of becoming more unwell and reduce the chance of passing the virus on to others
Both positive and negative HIV tests may need to be repeated 1 to 3 months after potential exposure to HIV infection (this is known as the window period), but you should not wait this long to seek help:
clinics may offer a finger prick blood test, which can give you a result in minutes, but it may take up to a few days to get the results of a more detailed HIV test
home testing or home sampling kits are available to buy online or from pharmacies – depending on the type of test you use, your result will be available in a few minutes or a few days
If your first test suggests you have HIV, a further blood test will need to be carried out to confirm the result.
If this is positive, you'll be referred to a specialist HIV clinic for some more tests and a discussion about your treatment options.
Antiretroviral medicines are used to treat HIV. They work by stopping the virus replicating in the body, allowing the immune system to repair itself and preventing further damage.
These come in the form of tablets, which need to be taken every day.
HIV is able to develop resistance to a single HIV medicine very easily, but taking a combination of different medicines makes this much less likely.
Most people with HIV take a combination of medicines. It's vital these are taken every day as recommended by your doctor.
The goal of HIV treatment is to have an undetectable viral load. This means the level of HIV virus in your body is low enough to not be detected by a test.
If you're living with HIV, taking effective HIV treatment and being undetectable significantly reduces your risk of passing HIV on to others.
You'll also be encouraged to:
take regular exercise
eat a healthy diet
stop smoking
have yearly flu jabs to minimise the risk of getting serious illnesses
Without treatment, the immune system will become severely damaged, and life-threatening illnesses such as cancer and severe infections can occur.
If you're planning on getting pregnant, it's important to talk to a GP. Although rare, it's possible to transmit HIV to your baby.
Anyone who has sex without a condom or shares needles is at risk of HIV infection.
There are many effective ways to prevent or reduce the risk of HIV infection, including:
using a condom for sex
post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
treatment for HIV to reduce the viral load to undetectable
if you use drugs, never sharing needles or other injecting equipment, including syringes, spoons and swabs
Speak to your local sexual health clinic or a GP for further advice about the best way to reduce your risk.
For people with HIV, if you have been taking effective HIV treatment and your viral load has been undetectable for 6 months or more, it means you cannot pass the virus on through sex.
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0.999908 |
The Red Devil RX 480 improves in performance over the reference (non throttling) RX 480 with a simple BIOS flash by generally more than 3% to over 6%. The original PowerColor Red Devil shipping BIOS mostly throttled the clocks to slightly above reference non-throttling RX 480 clocks. It beats the RX 470 by a much wider margin now and becomes more competitive with the GTX 1060 than the reference RX 480. However, we will have to wait until next week to see just how close it comes to the stock and overclocked EVGA GTX 1060 SC when the Red Devil is overclocked further.
Let’s sum it up:
PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 Pros
The PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 comes very close to GTX 1060 performance now compared with the reference RX 480 even though it was originally held back by its original shipping BIOS to near RX 480 maximum reference clocks, and it now beats the reference RX 470 rather handily.
At $279 the Red Devil RX 480 is only $40 more than the reference RX 480, and it offers a DVI-D input and a nice backplate plus improved power delivery for better stability and overclocking potential with an 8-pin PCIe connector. It also offers a much cooler and quieter fan design that can be left on automatic, unlike the reference design which requires a higher fan speed to prevent throttling.
The Red Devil is clocked higher than the reference RX 480 and its unlocked BIOS has narrowed the performance gap further versus the Founders Edition of the GTX 1060, trading blows and winning more games.
The Red Devil RX 480 has a very nice 3-fan custom cooling design that is very quiet, becoming only a bit louder with the unlocked BIOS. The cooling is much more effective than the reference RX 480 which requires a higher fan speed and much more noise to prevent throttling.
WattMan brings new features to Radeon overclocking that was not present in OverDrive.
New features in Polaris architecture improves on Async compute with dedicated hardware and the Red Devil RX 470 may even be well-suited for VR.
FreeSync eliminates tearing and stuttering.
PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 Cons
The original shipping performance BIOS of the PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 is too conservative for enthusiasts and they will appreciate using the new unlocked BIOS instead. The trade-off in higher fan speeds and higher energy usage is worth it in our opinion.
We cannot comment on PowerColor Red Devil overclocking with the unlocked BIOS as we did not test it yet. The Red Devil is a very good deal and an excellent alternative to the reference RX 480 with its weaker cooler and limiting 6-pin PCIe connector.
The Verdict:
The PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 is new architecture on a new process that uses significantly less power and has more refinements than AMD’s last generation. It is solidly built and it has higher clocks out of the box than the reference RX 480 which has only a 6-pin PCIe connector and a weak reference cooler. The Red Devil represents a solid value at $279 in our opinion and it deserves BTR’s Editor’s Choice Award.
We do not know what the future will bring, but right now, the PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 brings solid improvement over AMD’s last generation and it also trades blows with the competing GTX 1060 Founders Edition in a similar price range while coming in ahead of the reference RX 480 performance for $40 more.
We are looking forward to manually overclocking the PowerColor Red Devil RX 480 and comparing it with the overclocked EVGA GTX 1060 SC on the latest Nvidia drivers next week.
Stay tuned, there is a lot coming from us at BTR. We are playing Deus Ex Mankind Divided today with a view to adding it as BTR’s newest benchmark. Next up, we will evaluate the brand new $199 3GB version of EVGA’s GTX 1060 and compare it with the $199 PowerColor RX 470 4GB card. Expect this evaluation to be published at the weekend. And don’t forget to check BTR forums. Our tech discussions are among the best to be found anywhere!
Happy Gaming!
Mark Poppin
BTR Editor-in-Chief
Contents
1. Intro
2. A Closer Look at the RX 480
3. Test configuration
4. The Shipping vs. the Unlocked BIOS
5. Performance
6. Conclusion
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Mark Poppin
http://www.babeltechreviews.com
Mark became a chess editor and then an investigative journalist in Dublin, Ireland in the 1970s. Back in the USA, he became an arcade gamer who transitioned to PC gaming. From California, he traveled to Brazil in search of waves, moved to Hawaii and became a regular Pipeline surfer as well as on-air surf reporter/forecaster and DJ. Mark founded AlienBabelTech in 2008, and then established BabelTechReviews in 2014 where he continues as EiC. He specializes in PC graphics and VR.
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7 COMMENTS
Nick Chapman August 26, 2016 At 1:04 am
I thought the 1060 was 6GB?
Marcel Alejandro Mitre J November 8, 2016 At 6:45 am
The RX 480 4gb is the same as the 8gb one, just the VRAM changes, there’s also a 3gb 1060, so I’m unsure which one they’re using.
apoppin November 9, 2016 At 12:04 am
We used the Founders Edition of the GTX 1060 (6GB) for this evaluation. I just fixed the typo in the Test bed that mistakenly said 8GB. We are using the Red Devil RX 480 8GB.
Marian Barton January 2, 2017 At 5:13 pm
I just flashed the unlocked BIOS onto the rx 480, but the max powelimit i can set still is 5%. Any suggestions?
apoppin January 2, 2017 At 6:10 pm
Have you tried using TriXX?
http://www.sapphiretech.com/catapage_tech.asp?cataid=291&lang=eng
Collin Laganzon January 12, 2017 At 9:05 am
hi! I’m having the same problem! I am still limited to 5%, why could this be the case? I tried AB, Trixx and WattMan but all had the same problem! Thank you
apoppin January 12, 2017 At 3:28 pm
Is this after flashing the unlocked BIOS onto your Red Devil RX 480? Which drivers are you using?
Comments are closed.
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0.973185 |
A group of doctors in British Columbia is calling on the province to re-evaluate its approach to combating COVID-19.
The group, called Protect our Province B.C., is made up of a range of doctors and medical researchers, and held a panel discussion Wednesday highlighting how the virus is spread through aerosol transmission.
Dr. Victor Leung, an infectious disease physician and medical microbiologist, says the province and public health have been too slow to amend mandates to limit the spread of the virus.
He says the province should focus on improving air flow in buildings and continue strong mask mandates.
Health Minister Adrian Dix says the province has made an “enormous” amount of information on the virus available to the public, while he defended provincial health officer Dr. Bonnie Henry's approach to the pandemic.
He says Henry is a world leader in pandemic management and she has always been committed to learning and adapting the province's COVID-19 response.
“I encourage people to get involved in the debate, ours is a science-led strategy,” Dix said. “We continue to adapt, listen and learn and do better.”
B.C. reported 696 new cases of COVID-19 on Wednesday, bringing the number of active cases to 4,888.
Six more people have died, lifting the death toll to 2,092.
Leung says many of the guidelines from the province are focused on battling a virus that is spread by droplets and touch, but those mandates don't address the main mode of transmission for COVID-19: aerosols.
“This is an overly dispersed virus,” he says. “Not everyone will affect 10 people, one person might infect 80 people, while another may not infect anyone.”
He said learning about how the virus is spread and transmitted will also help in future pandemics.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published Oct. 20, 2021.
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0.986991 |
Suffering from depressed mood, lack of motivation, or poor memory or focus? Do you feel anxious, wired and tired and want to be more resilient in the face of stress?
Neurofeedback trains your brain to automatically respond to stress in a healthier way, so that you show up every day as your best self and have the vitality, resilience, and stamina to take on the demands of life.
Neurofeedback is well-indicated for:
How it Works
Stress, Depression, PMS, PMDD, and other mood disorders
Depression, PMS, PMDD, and other mood disorders
Insomnia and other sleep disorders
ADHD and autism spectrum disorder
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-concussion syndrome
Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s, and other dementias
Brain fog: Improving memory, focus, and mental stamina
Optimizing athletic performance: boost energy and stamina, promote hand-eye coordination
Electrode leads are placed on specific areas on your scalp. The leads will measure the electrical activity of your brain through an EEG signal and the device will administer low voltage microcurrent to bring your brain waves back into balance.
Benefits of Neurofeedback
Many patients report that neurofeedback was like that ON/OFF switch that made them feel like themselves again
Neurofeedback treats the root cause of your symptoms and creates lasting and permanent changes in your brain chemistry
In many cases, neurofeedback therapy may help you wean off psychiatric medication or be used as a safe alternative to psychiatric medication
Regular treatments will optimize mood, performance, motivation, and sleep so you can be more resilient in the face of stress
Neurofeedback is safe in conjunction with psychiatric medication and has no harmful side effects
For how long will I need to be doing neurofeedback treatments?
We recommend a minimum of 3 treatments each within a week apart to start to notice changes in mood, sleep, stamina, and performance. To achieve permanent or lasting changes, you will need a series of approximately 20 treatments. After the first 20 treatments, you may only need to come in for less frequent “tune-ups” when you have periods of higher stress in your life. The amount and duration of treatments depends on each individual person, the severity of symptoms, and external factors such as life stressors.
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The types of NPS survey questions and when to use them. A good customer experience program would try to get a mix of broad detail and more granular reasoning to help explain the data. There are two main types of NPS survey questions: Relational NPS. Relational NPS provides a score based on how a customer feels about their relationship with your ...
https://www.qualtrics.com/experience-management/customer/net-promoter-score-nps-questions-examples-and-template/
19 Great NPS Survey Question and Response Templates (2021)
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Mar 03, 2021 · NPS survey structure. The Net Promoter Score survey consists of a two-part questionnaire. The first part asks your customers to rate – the rating question – your business, product or service on a scale of 0 to 10. The second question is a follow-up, open-ended question as to why the specific score was given. Both the rating and the open ...
https://www.retently.com/blog/nps-survey-templates/
What is Net Promoter Score – NPS? (Tools & Examples)
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Apr 09, 2021 · NPS score measures how willingly would your customers promote company products and services to their others. Net Promoter Score is a customer loyalty metric that is asked in one question and often also a follow-up question. This can be evaluated from scale 1 to 10, and the results are clustered as either a promoter (9-10), passive (7-8) or ...
https://woorise.com/what-is-net-promoter-score
What is an NPS Survey: The Ultimate Guide to NPS with Examples
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On the other hand, an NPS survey is a question-based strategy used to collect customer feedback and establish a company’s NPS score. The survey uses a single question that customers respond to by giving a rating from 0 to 10. Later in this guide, I will show you examples of different NPS questions to ask.
https://refiner.io/blog/net-promoter-score/
Net Promoter Survey Examples - Oct 2021 Verified
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10 Best NPS survey Question examples: An adequately framed Net Promoter Score(NPS) is capable of providing you valuable insights about your product/service from an end user's point of view. As a marketing or growth manager, you can find the question in the first part of the NPS survey is efficient for measuring customer loyalty, tracking the ...
https://couponsdoom.com/net-promoter-survey-examples
Net Promoter Score Survey Questions - CouponUS.Net
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The Ultimate Guide to Net Promoter Score (NPS) in 2021. CODES (6 days ago) Net promoter score (NPS) definition. NPS stands for Net Promoter Score which is a metric used in customer experience programs. NPS measures the loyalty of customers to a company. NPS scores are measured with a single-question survey and reported with a number from the range -100 to …
https://couponus.net/net-promoter-score-survey-questions/
Top Customer Experience Questions - Net Promoter Network
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The guide kicks off with response rate benchmarks for four types of surveys, so you can see whether your approach just needs a few tweaks, or a major overhaul. It turns out that average response rates vary between B2C and B2B surveys, while the nature of the survey – relationship or transactional – affects response rate too.
https://www.netpromoter.com/your-top-customer-experience-management-question-answered-improving-response-rates-for-email-based-surveys/
Employee Net Promoter Score (eNPS) - survey sample
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You can give only one answer in a row. cooperation with the supervisor. the possibility of self-development. the opportunity to develop competences. technical equipment needed to perform the work. team atmosphere. motivating system. reward and bonus system. salary level.
https://www.startquestion.com/survey-examples/622158/employee-net-promoter-score-enps
New product survey question examples for important
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Nov 04, 2021 · Use of a Net Promoter Score (NPS) question type would be perfect here, giving you a rating for how customers see your product. If you get a high score, then your customers are excellent advocates. However, if you have a negative score, don’t worry; that’s still useful feedback as well.
https://www.askattest.com/blog/guides/new-product-survey-question-examples
7 Customer Feedback Questions Examples to Ask in Your Next
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Apr 14, 2021 · This is one of the most popular sample feedback questions used to gauge the loyalty of a customer to your business. It’s commonly found in surveys that utilize the Net Promoter Score (NPS) methodology, first introduced by Frederick Reichheld in his Harvard Business Review article, “ The One Number You Need to Grow ”.
https://www.reviewtrackers.com/blog/customer-feedback-questions-examples/
How to Improve Your Business with a Net Promoter Score
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Jan 17, 2019 · To determine your final score, get rid of the Passive scores, then subtract the Detractors from the Promoters. In this example: 67% – 20% = 47. Your NPS would be 47. According to the NPS survey website, “The Net Promoter Score measures customer experience and predicts business growth.”. As you consider your North Star Metric, put NPS into ...
https://goldenspiralmarketing.com/insights/how-to-improve-your-business-with-a-net-promoter-score-survey/
Insights engine: What it is & how to build it | QuestionPro
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Net Promoter Score (NPS) Learn everything about Net Promoter Score (NPS) and the Net Promoter Question. Get a clear view on the universal Net Promoter Score Formula, how to undertake Net Promoter Score Calculation followed by a simple Net Promoter Score Example. Conjoint Analysis; GDPR & EU Compliance
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/insights-engine/
How To Successfully Use NPS— With Fred Reichheld, NYT Best
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Nov 30, 2021 · Net Promoter Score, or NPS, is one of the most widely used customer experience metrics across all industries. But according to its creator, Fred Reichheld, countless companies are doing it wrong ...
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-successfully-use-nps-fred-reichheld-nyt-author-creator-morgan
What is an NPS Survey & NPS Questions You Should Ask
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Net Promoter Score (NPS) measures the loyalty that exists between a provider and a consumer. The provider can be a company, employer, or any other entity. The provider is the entity that is asking the questions on the NPS survey. The consumer is the customer, employee, or respondent to an NPS survey. Essential .
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On July 21, Belgium celebrates its National Day. It commemorates the day in 1830 when a German prince living in England traveled to Belgium and swore allegiance to a constitution that a bunch of revolutionaries wrote after chasing out their Dutch rulers. Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld became King Leopold I, the first monarch and the first King of the Belgians.
Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1790–1865), later King Leopold I of Belgium (1831–1865). Photo attribution: public domain
July 21 is the day to celebrate the birth of modern Belgium and recognize a sense of unity amongst Belgians. But in the last 20 years, sharp political divisions and lack of cohesion at the federal level have increasingly made this small European nation feel like two separate nation-states. Which makes July 21 a relevant day to pose the question: Why is Belgium so divided?
Throughout almost its entire history, the Kingdom of Belgium has been fraught with a bitter linguistic divide, between the French-speaking Walloons in the south and the Dutch-speaking Flemish in the north. There are also about 200,000 German speakers in a community off to the east. But they’re above the political fray and even started governing by direct democracy recently.
Most of Belgium’s political dysfunction today is due to the country’s fight over the dominance of language between the Walloons and the Flemish.
A Belgian history lesson
For most of its history, up until 1830, the region that is modern-day Belgium was largely French-speaking. When the territory was ruled by the French in the 18th and 19th centuries, they spoke and imposed French on the Belgians. The Flemish population resented this “enfrenchment” by the Belgian aristocracy and wouldn’t easily forget it in the years to come. When King Wilhelm I of The Netherlands ruled over Belgium for a short period after the French, he tried to promote the use of Dutch. The Belgian bourgeoisie clung to their French, however.
After Belgium became its own state in 1830, the Dutch-speaking Flemish fought for recognition of their language and culture. They felt looked down upon by the French-speaking upper classes and fought relentlessly for the use of Dutch as an official language in Belgium, alongside French.
By World War II, the Dutch-speakers in the northern part of Belgium had surpassed the southern French-speakers economically, having invested in innovation and bolstering up business. When the Walloons saw their influence waning, they agreed to an official barrier based on language.
The birth of Belgium’s modern federal system
By the 1960s, Belgium was officially divided into four language areas:
Dutch
2. French
3. German
4. Bilingual Dutch-French (Brussels)
Recognition of official language areas wasn’t enough for the Flemish, however, who wanted more cultural autonomy as well. In the 1970s, Belgium therefore established the three Cultural Communities (known today as just Communities):
1. Dutch Cultural Community (which became the Flemish Community)
2. French Cultural Community (which became the French Community)
3. German Cultural Community (which became the German-speaking Community)
The Flemish got their cultural responsibilities, but the French needed their economic powers. So, in the 1970s-1980s Belgium created the Regions and gave them economic competencies:
1. Flanders
2. Wallonia
3. Brussels Capital Region
The Regions of Belgium. Yellow = Flanders. Red = Wallonia. Orange = Brussels. Blue = German speaking area. Attribution: Jules Rohault under a CC BY-SA 4.0 license.
Are you confused yet? It’s alright if you are because by the 1990s the Belgians got it all sorted out – mostly.
Belgium’s federal system today consists of Communities and Regions and each has been delegated different powers. On top of the Communities and Regions, there’s still the Belgian federal government. But Belgium doesn’t have as much power at the federal level as other countries with similar systems, which leads to disagreements and stalemates.
Belgium has a lot of governments
Because neither the Walloons nor the Flemish wants the other language group to gain influence over the other, everyone mistrusts a strong central government. Since Belgium created the Communities and Regions, they have been granted more and more responsibilities, such as managing agriculture, fisheries, foreign trade, education, health policy, and fiscal policy. So many levels of government handle different policy competencies in Belgium that the country actually has nine health ministers (some health ministers cover different Communities and some cover specific areas like university hospitals and access to the medical professions).
Spreading power so widely seems ideal when you’re trying to keep the peace between very different groups of people. However, this highly federalized system showed its major flaw – not taking swift action – during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Belgium’s political parties add another quirk to the system. There are no national-level political parties that represent all of Belgium. They only represent the two major linguistic groups. These party fault lines, along with the severe devolution of powers, account for Belgium’s divisions today.
Government deadlock over the years
Belgium’s sharp cleavages have, unsurprisingly, often lead to deadlock at the federal level. In fact, Belgium is a world record-holder in dysfunctional government. It set the record for a country going the longest without a functional federal government three times in 13 years.
The 2007 elections
Belgium set its first record for lack of federal government after the 2007 national elections. The Dutch-speaking Flemish in the north and the French-speaking Walloons in the south argued over the electoral district of Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde and whether to split it up. This first political crisis lasted 196 days before it was resolved.
At a demonstration in Brussels on November 18, 2007, over 35,000 people from all over Wallonia, Flanders, and Brussels walked in support of Belgian unity and an end to the government deadlock. Photo by Didier Mason shared under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
The 2010 elections
The Brussels-Halle-Vilvoorde issue came up again after the 2010 elections, this time prolonging negotiations for 589 days, allowing Belgium to break its own record. After a sixth constitutional reform of the Belgian state, the matter was finally solved.
The 2018 crisis and 2019 elections
Belgium’s most recent deadlock started in December 2018 and lasted over 600 days – officially making the country a three-time world record holder. Prime Minister Charles Michel’s majority coalition fell apart when the Flemish nationalist NV-A withdrew support over a UN migration pact. New coalition formation was postponed until the federal elections in May 2019. The results of the May elections were more polarized than anyone predicted, however. As a result, forming a new coalition was impossible until September 2020, when the current Vivaldi government finally came to power.
In 2011, Belgians made light of the gridlock and lack of government, making jokes and laughing it off. In 2020, amid a pandemic, the national mood was far less cheery about what has become routine dysfunction in Belgium.
Looking forward
The biggest obstacle to Belgium forming a federal government in 2019 and 2020 was the failure of Belgium’s two biggest political parties to come to an agreement. The Flemish nationalist NV-A and the French-speaking socialist PS tried and failed for months to see eye to eye. When the Vivaldi coalition finally formed, it excluded the two Flemish majority parties, the NV-A and the far-right Vlaams Belang. Leaving these two parties out sparked anger in Flanders and will likely not bode well for federal politics in Belgium in the coming years.
This week, there’s also been talk of the PS party and Ecolos (Greens) leaving the ruling coalition if the government doesn’t do something about the undocumented migrants who are on a hunger strike in Brussels to protest the slow and bureaucratic process of getting their residency permits (some have waited 10 years for their official immigration papers). So the Belgian government could fall apart again soon.
In 2011, there were serious talks about splitting up the Belgian state, with Flanders declaring independence and Wallonia joining France. Ultimately, such a drastic step wasn’t warranted. But the idea is resurfacing, especially among Flemish nationalists disappointed by the federal government’s COVID-19 response and exclusion of the Flemish majority parties from the ruling coalition.
Unity on Belgium’s National Day?
Belgium’s fragile union between the Flemish and the Walloons has endured for almost 200 years. The state has undergone several major reforms to produce a federal system that should please everybody. But recent events may have made Belgium more divided than ever. On the day celebrating unity and commemorating the Kingdom of Belgium – not Wallonia or Flanders, but Belgium – it’s worth pondering what the future holds for this European country.
Courtney Withrow
Writer and Blogger. International Relations, Travel, Culture. Find me at courtneywithrow.com or travelabroad.blog.
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Fuck it. I’m in a self inflicted bad place with the KoW community. I originally skipped writing the second part to my “stop “just double one it”ing” article because of the negative feedback and how unsporting I was for suggesting that you shouldn’t skip parts of the game. Since I’m in the doghouse for other reasons anyway, I may as well do the second part now.
TL;DR of the first article: People really suck at recognising when it’s a situation where only a double 1 will save the unit, and underestimate how likely it is that you’ll need a 4+ on the nerve test, or perhaps even more. I presented a bunch of combat scenarios to Fanatics and even where it was only a 70% chance of being an anything-but situation, a significant number of people thought it was hopeless and would skip to “just double 1 it”.
People suck at guessing the odds.
Where’s the fuzzy grey line?
People responded to the original article by jumping to the extreme situations where it is genuinely an anything-but situation. A unit already devastated being flank charged by an unhindered knight regiment, knight horde into the rear of some gargoyles, a tunnel runner regiment into a war engine.
Yes, of course they are going to be anything but double 1 situations. I absolutely agree.
We know where the very black and white extremes are. A horde of scarecrows charging a Siegebreaker horde? Yeah you’re rolling that out buddy. It’s not going to be a double 1 situation. A siegebreaker horde charging the rear of some gargoyles? Yeah that’s going to be a double 1. We know it’s going to be a double 1, but you should still roll it out.
The problem is that there’s a very big fuzzy grey line between the extremes where it’s obviously a double 1 situation and obviously not a double 1 situation. No-one agrees on where that fuzzy grey line stops and starts. People suck at estimating where that fuzzy grey line is.
That was the whole point of the first article. I posted several scenarios and people got them wrong. They don’t know where that fuzzy grey line is. Wherever you think that grey line is, you’re wrong. I’d get it wrong. I guarantee you that much.
Even if you say “but I would just err on the side of caution” – so did several people when they responded to the scenarios by saying “I’d make them roll the attacks out if they rolled low on the nerve test.” They still got the likelihoods wrong.
Unless you’re going to sit there in every combat and work out the odds of it being an anything-but situation and set a threshold, say “if the chances of it being a non-double 1 situation are greater than 0.5% then we’re rolling the dice out”, then you can’t estimate table side whether a situation truly is a double 1. If you are going to work out whether it meets the threshold… why not just roll it out instead?
Yes, we know where the extreme black and white cases are, I’m not arguing that, but people have shown that they don’t know where the fuzzy grey line is where you do need to roll it out.
If your response is “but are you saying that if my knight horde charges the rear of some gargoyles that it might not be a double 1” then please re-read this section.
Can I take an extra free artefact because “it probably won’t matter”?
We have a point limit in tournaments. We usually have a time limit in tournaments.
On rare occasions you do get limited by the clock and have to choose to forgo certain actions to avoid a timeout. Time is as much a limited resource as much as points are.
Let’s imagine a scenario where I allow my opponent to skip a dice roll and “just double 1 it”. Let’s say they’re a slow player and it takes them 2 minutes to roll.
Now it gets to the end of the game. 3 minutes left on the clock and a couple of key combats to resolve. They roll those combats, kill one of my objective scoring units and because of that they win the game. They pause the clock at the end of the game and they have 30 seconds left. If they hadn’t had 2 minutes gained through skipping that dice roll earlier then they would have timed out and not killed my unit.
They’ve had an extra 90 seconds. That 90 seconds let them win the game. If I hadn’t let them skip a required dice roll – not an action that they chose to forgo but one that they chose to initiate – then I wouldn’t have lost the game. They’ve had additional time resource that wasn’t available to me, and it turned out to be a crucial resource.
If they can have extra time for free in their tournament game, can I get an extra artefact for free? They’re both limited resources. If I have a free artefact like the staying stone then it “probably won’t matter” because it won’t come up most of the time.
Except for the times where it does matter. And I’ve gained free resources over my opponent.
Time doesn’t matter in the vast majority of tournament games. Except for the ones where it does.
“I could do with another 2 minutes”…
It gets to my last turn and I only have 30 seconds left for some reason, however if I can do a couple of combats then I can win the game. Is it right for me to feel entitled to an extra 2 minutes, or consider my opponent unsporting because they won’t let me keep playing after timeout?
So why is it alright for you to get an extra 2 minutes to skip a dice roll?
“but I let you [have extra time for free]!”
Player 1 is a fast player. Doesn’t time out. Has an army that’s fast to play.
Player 2 is a relatively slow player. Occasionally runs up against the clock. Has a slow army.
In turn 3, Player 1 gets a black and white anything but double 1 situation. They are at no risk of timing out and if we could see into the future we’d know they’ll end the game with 10 minutes left on the clock. Skipping has absolutely no impact. Player 2 lets them skip the attack roll and jump straight to the nerve test.
In turn 6, Player 2 is right up against the clock. They have several key combats to do and only a couple of minutes to roll them. One of the combats is a clear black and white anything-but-double 1 situation. As obvious as Player 1’s situation earlier in the game. They ask if they can skip the dice roll, citing that they let Player 1 skip it earlier.
Player 1 was never in any danger of timing out. Them skipping the dice roll in turn 3 had absolutely no impact on the game. However, Player 2 skipping will have an impact. If they skip it, they could win. If they can’t skip it, they’re going to time out and won’t win.
Player 1 is under immense social pressure to let Player 2 skip. If they don’t, then Player 2 will label them unsporting because “I let you earlier!”. Player 1 got extra time for free, but they never needed it and it didn’t impact the game at all. Player 2 is now asking for extra resources and it is critical for the outcome of the game.
Do you know how this could have been avoided?
Roll everything out. Don’t “just double 1 it”.
“But I think it IS an anything-but situation.”
Remember that fuzzy grey line that no-one agrees on and everyone gets wrong?
Player 2 gets a clean rear charge with their knight regiment into Player 1’s Revenant Infantry regiment. Player 1 lets Player 2 skip the attack roll and “just double 1 it”.
Later in the game, Player 1’s Vampire charges Player’s KoM Artillery war engine. Player 1 feels that it is a foregone conclusion and very black and white. The only realistic chance of survival is a double 1. They ask to skip the attack and just roll the nerve, citing earlier when they let Player 2 skip in another black and white situation.
Except it’s not a black and white situation. I explored it in the original article. There’s a 3.3% chance that a nerve roll of 3 won’t rout the war engine. It could be even higher. Considering that a double 1 only has a 2.8% of happening, then surely a 3.3% chance of something happening should also be considered? After all, if you want to skip something that has a 3.3% chance of happening, then why even roll for the 2.8% chance?
47% of players in the original poll said that they would “just double 1 it” in this situation. They obviously think that it’s the only realistic chance of survival, and they were wrong.
So Player 1 let Player 2 skip a dice roll where an anything-but was the only realistic outcome, but now they’re putting Player 2 under social & sporting pressure to let them skip one that is not an anything-but situation. Someone’s going to walk away from the table unhappy. Either player 2 stands their ground and upsets player 1 for “wasting time” by making them roll, or player 2 walks away unhappy because player 1 rolled a 3 on the nerve test and that might have been enough to save the war engine.
Do you know how this could have been avoided?
Roll everything out. Don’t “just double 1 it.”
“Wasting time” arguments are bollocks
There’s almost something quite liberating about being in the KoW doghouse and speaking freely.
People talking shit about rolling dice out as if it’s some great time sink are talking absolute bollocks.
I timed Elliot with an anything-but situation. Ogre horde into the rear of a De5 unit. He didn’t know that was the situation until I started the time, he didn’t have the dice prepared, he didn’t rush, he went at a reasonable pace, he even recorded the total damage himself which is usually what the opponent does.
He took 59 seconds.
I feel sorry for the partners of anyone who thinks 59 seconds is a long time.
Let’s Weigh It Up
Let’s look at the pros and cons of “just double 1 it”
Pros
You get to save 59 seconds
Cons
Is it truly a double 1 situation? We don’t know. We’re terrible at judging what’s black and white vs fuzzy and grey. People demonstrably are unable to judge what is and isn’t truly a double 1 situation.
Players can’t keep playing after timeout. They aren’t entitled to extra time when it suits them, so why are you?
Those 59 seconds might actually be crucial to the outcome of the game, even if it’s not immediately apparent. The outcome of the game could be changed by giving the player extra resources for free.
Later in the game another “anything but” situation might be pressured or denied when it’s immediately apparent that it will have an impact on the outcome. Someone’s walking away unhappy.
Later in the game a situation that is not an “anything but” comes up, and a player is under social and sporting pressure to allow it, even though they know it’s not. Someone’s walking away unhappy.
For anyone arguing from a sporting perspective that you should skip dice rolls, I push it back that it’s the opposite. It’s unsporting to skip because you’re creating pressure and situations which will upset one or both of the players at the table. All for the sake of 59 seconds?
“But I only play casual games”
Great. If you and your opponent agree then you could skip the double 1 rule entirely if you wanted. You can do whatever you want in casual games.
However, if it’s a timed game or a tournament game then you should roll everything out. It should never, ever be considered unsporting to make someone roll a dice roll out. Much the opposite, there are so many problems with skipping to just-double 1 it that I’d consider it unsporting to expect it or put pressure on someone to allow it.
“But what about this black and white situation where…”
Seriously. Read the article again.
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3 thoughts on ““Just Double 1 it” part 2 – skipping rolls is unsporting”
arthurvaisse says:
April 18, 2021 at 10:22 pm
Also. Sometimes people roll extraordinary low. It create situation where units stand and still while no people would have expect it, and create memorable histories. The ones your friends and you gonna remember for long.
Neither my friend and I will forget the time where it’s stormwind regiment cavalry rolled 11 ones out of 15 dices to wound on my 65 points rat swarm, failed to even waver it, and then got wavered two times only to be finally killed after a third round by the chaff unit.
It wouldn’t have happened if we had just skip to double 1.
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Erasmus Petrus Burger says:
April 22, 2021 at 10:04 am
If you always roll it out then there is never an argument or anything that slips through the cracks.
Like with security checks.
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Lucius Forge says:
July 22, 2021 at 2:37 pm
No throw dice in wargame like KoW ? What’s the point 😡 ? Anyway, my opponent never let me “just double 1” because my unluck is so awesome I can fail a charge of drake rider on a troop XD
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The Jets added quarterbacks Mike White and Joe Flacco to the COVID-19 reserve list, the team announced Tuesday.
White tested positive for COVID-19, while Flacco was deemed a close contact, according to ESPN’s Adam Schefter. Thankfully for the Jets, rookie Zach Wilson was simultaneously cleared to return from a knee injury and will start on Sunday against the Texans. With Wilson out since Week 6, White made four starts for the Jets from Weeks 7-10. Flacco started during Week 11’s game against the Dolphins.
Josh Johnson is expected to be promoted off of the Jets’ practice squad to serve as Wilson’s backup. The 35-year-old quarterback is in his first season with the Jets, and this will be his first time suiting up for New York.
Jets’ QB scorecard:
🏈Zach Wilson cleared to return from his knee injury and start Sunday vs Houston.
🏈Mike White tested positive for COVID.
🏈Joe Flacco deemed a close contact.
🏈Josh Johnson poised to be promoted off practice squad to back up Wilson.
— Adam Schefter (@AdamSchefter) November 23, 2021
So, what does White and Flacco’s status now mean for the two Jets quarterbacks? Well, it all depends on if they are vaccinated or not, according to the NFL vaccine rules.
MORE: NFL vaccine rules, explained
Is Joe Flacco vaccinated?
Last week ahead of Flacco’s first start for the Jets, he admitted he was not vaccinated. However, he has yet to give a reason behind his choice. He claimed it would be too much of a “distraction” if he did.
Since Flacco is unvaccinated and was a close contact to someone who tested positive, he will have to stay away from the team for five days if he’s asymptomatic, but 10 days if he is symptomatic and tests positive. Flacco’s COVID status is not known at this time.
MORE: Jets’ Joe Flacco is blunt about vaccination status, reasoning in press conference
Is Mike White vaccinated?
White has not made his vaccination status publicly known. If he is vaccinated, he can return to the team in 10 or less days depending on when he has two negative tests 24 hours apart. However, if he is unvaccinated, he will have to quarantine away from the team for 10 days. Then, he will have to provide a negative test to be able to rejoin.
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What's a better gift for a dog than a box of yummy squeaky doughnuts? Give the gift of six vibrant and fun squeaky toys and keep a dog occupied for a long time to come!
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Recently, the former automotive boomtown of Detroit made history by filing for bankruptcy, making it an easy butt of jokes on Twitter and in the news. However, Motown has also been making strides to become America’s great comeback city, with artists and entrepreneurs lured by cheap rents, and innovative projects happening all over town (disclosure: I’m a big fan of the city, and so is the New York Times‘ Frank Bruni). Detroit has more than a few great things going for it, including architecture, museums and sports, and tourist dollars could go a long way in helping the city recover. Can it become a tourist destination again?
Some of the top tourist destinations in the world were once no-go zones for travelers, suffering from financial crises, war, natural disasters and rampant crime. Here are a few of our favorite comeback cities:Berlin: One of the world’s most resilient cities, Berlin has been through war, occupation and one gigantic divide, and come back to thrive. In the decades following the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany, East Berlin in particular has become a hipster mecca, due to some of the lowest prices in western Europe for nightlife and a vibrant art and design scene. While not everyone welcomes the gentrification, the German capital is continuing to gain millions of foreign tourists each year.
Buenos Aires: A mix of hyperinflation, government corruption and mounting debt led to riots and an economic crisis in Argentina in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The country has stabilized and the peso value has risen, but it’s affordability has made it increasingly attractive to travelers in the last ten years, making it the No. 1 tourism destination in South America. Buenos Aires is opening more boutique hotels each year, ensuring a place every year on lists such as Conde Nast Traveler’s Hot List of new hotels.
New Orleans: A longtime favorite for the French Quarter and Bourbon Street, along with events like Mardi Gras and Jazz Fest, New Orleans was profoundly affected by Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Tourism is the biggest source of employment in the city and a major factor to its economy, and the disaster made visitor numbers plummet. Louisiana’s recovery has been slow but steady, and major infrastructure improvements brought on by this year’s “Super Gras” have helped the Big Easy come back.
New York City: Visitors to the Big Apple have topped 50 million, spending billions of dollars in the city annually. While New York has never suffered from lack of tourists, the 1980s crack epidemic and surge in crime gave it an image of being a violent, dirty and dangerous city and visitor numbers dipped. Like Detroit, it also faced possible bankruptcy in 1975 and President Ford was infamously (mis)quoted to tell NYC to “drop dead.” The terrorist attacks in 2001 caused another slowdown in visitors, but it’s now one of the safest, most visited cities in the world.
Tokyo: While Tokyo was not as devastated by the 2011 earthquake and tsunami as other parts of Japan, it definitely felt the hurt with a sharp decline in tourism, major damage to national infrastructure, and radiation concerns. Foreign visitors are now exceeding the pre-disaster levels, though seismologists worry that an even bigger earthquake is due to hit Tokyo.
An honorable mention must go to the countries in the former Yugoslavia, especially Croatia and the cities of Belgrade and Sarajevo. Twenty years ago, who could have predicted the popularity of the Dalmatian coast as a beach destination, or the battle-scarred Serbian capital as a nightlife hotspot? They aren’t quite seeing the same tourism numbers as the destinations above, but they should be on your travel radar. Istanbul and Beirut are also favorites for their many comebacks and reinventions, though the effects from current events are already being seen in the local tourism industries.
What are your favorite “comeback cities”?
Knocked Up Abroad: Lessons Learned From Traveling With A Baby
by Meg Nesterov on Jul 12, 2012
Long before I became a mother, people told me that the first six months is the easiest time to travel with a baby – before they walk, talk or require children’s activities. Others told me to travel as much as possible before you have children, as it’s too difficult to go places for the first few years. I can confirm that you don’t have to turn in your passport when you have a baby, as my daughter Vera turns one year old today (they really do grow up so fast), and I’ve traveled with her extensively since she was six weeks old, as well as frequently when I was pregnant. As she was born in Turkey, far from our families and home country, I knew travel would be a factor in her life, but never expected I would love traveling with her and try to fit in as many trips as possible (nine countries and counting).
I’ve written here on Gadling a series of articles on planning travel, flying and international travel with baby, and expanded on these topics on my blog, Knocked Up Abroad Travels. I still stand by all of those tips and tricks, but below are the most important lessons I’ve learned from traveling with a baby in the first year.
Do a test run trip
Just as a baby has to learn to crawl before they can walk, start small with your explorations. Before you plan a big trip with a baby, take a shorter “test run” to see it’s not so hard and learn what your challenges might be. Taking a short flight to an unfamiliar place, especially with a time change, language or cultural barrier, is good practice before you take a bigger trip. If you live in the U.S., a long weekend in Canada or the Caribbean, or even Chicago, could be a nice break and a useful lesson on traveling with a baby. While we live in Istanbul, travel in Europe is (relatively) cheap and quick, so taking a vacation in Malta with Vera at six weeks old was an easy first trip. For our first trip home to visit family and friends, I flew to and from the U.S. by myself with Vera. If I hadn’t traveled with her before, it might have seemed daunting to fly 10 hours solo with a baby, but it was smooth sailing. Confidence is key, especially when you learn you’ll do just fine without the bouncy seat for a few days.Stay flexible
Parenting experts may say that babies need structure and routine, but recognize that they are also very flexible, especially in the early months when they mostly sleep and eat. As long as you can attend to the baby’s immediate needs, it doesn’t matter much where you do it; a baby’s comfort zone is wherever you are. Babies also make planning near impossible. You may find that just as you planned to visit a museum, you’ll need to find somewhere to sit down to feed the baby, with a decent bathroom for changing a diaper. You might eat dinner later than expected as you walk the baby around the block a few more times to get her to sleep. We kept our first trip with Vera to Malta simple, relaxing by the sea in Gozo and wandering around the old city of Valletta: no itinerary, no must-sees, no ambitious day trips. We missed out on a few “important” sights and spent a few days doing little more than reveling in the joys of cheap wine, trashy novels and ham sandwiches, but it was stress-free and helped us to connect with the place as well as each other.
Re-consider where you stay and how you get around
Once you start planning a trip with a baby, you might be spending more time on AirBnB than Hotels.com. When you travel with a child, you care less about hotel design or public amenities like a gym (ha!) and more about in-room comfort and conveniences like a separate bedroom space or kitchenette. On an early trip, we stayed in a friend’s home in Trieste, in a vacation apartment in Venice and in a room above a cafe in Ljubljana, and each had their advantages. In Italy, it was nice to have access to laundry and space to cook a meal with friends when we were too tired to go out; while when I was on my own in Slovenia, it was handy to go downstairs for breakfast or a much-needed glass of wine, and someone was always around if I needed help with the stroller. You’ll also have to think differently about how you get around town with a stroller or carrier and plan some routes in advance. In London, I spent a lot of time on the excellent Transport For London website mapping out which tube stations had elevators and what days I would use a carrier only (I love the Boba wrap). In Venice, I didn’t bother with a stroller at all for the city’s many stairs, bridges and cobblestone streets, but needed to stop more frequently to rest my tired shoulders and was grateful for extra hands to hold the baby while I ate pasta.
Everywhere is nice in a “baby bubble”
You should be prepared to be self-sufficient when traveling with a baby, from boarding a plane to getting on a subway, but you’ll be surprised by how helpful strangers can be, especially outside the U.S. Not touching strangers’ babies seems to be a uniquely American concept, while in Mediterranean Europe, waiters will often offer to carry your baby around or give them a treat (say thanks and eat it yourself). After Istanbul, I found Budapest to be the most baby-friendly, and even trendy restaurants had changing facilities and bartenders who wanted to play peekaboo. I expected Londoners to be rather cold, but their stiff upper lips were more often smiling and cooing. A tube employee helped me carry the stroller up several flights of stairs when an elevator wasn’t working, and I got table service in a cafe that normally only had counter service. Don’t expect special treatment because you have a baby, but enjoy it when it comes.
Stay calm and carry travel insurance
Having a sick baby is scary for anyone, especially when you are in a foreign country far from home. Statistically, it’s more likely that your child will get sick or hurt at home, but it can happen on the road as well. Before you take off, figure out what you will do in an emergency: can you get travel insurance that covers a visit to a pediatrician? Can you change or cancel travel plans if the baby is sick? If you rent an apartment, do you have local contacts in case something happens? In Budapest, by myself, I had a few incidents getting stuck in an elevator, locked out of our apartment and having the baby slip out of a highchair. Everything worked out fine, but staying calm was key as upsetting the baby would have just added to the stress. Coming back from Belgrade last month, our daughter woke up with a cold and a mild fever the day we were supposed to fly home. Our wonderful AirBnB hostess got us medicine and we ultimately decided to fly the short trip as scheduled, but if it had been more serious, I could have paid the change fee to delay our flight and visit a local doctor. The baby was fine the next day, though I still have some Serbian fever reducer for her next cold.
Don’t let the turkeys get you down
Perhaps I’ve become more sensitive to the idea, but I’ve noticed recently that screaming babies on airplanes have become the catch-all complaint for everything that’s wrong with air travel (though in Gadling’s Airline Madness tournament of travel annoyances, children didn’t make it to the final four). Look up any news story about children and airplanes and you’ll find a long list of angry commenters complaining about how they don’t want to sit next to your “brat” on the plane, and that you shouldn’t subject other people to your lifestyle choices. A crying baby is not an inevitability, and planes are still public transportation, so don’t get psyched out by the looks and comments from other passengers. After 22 flights with Vera without a tantrum or crying fit, I’ve learned that the most important thing is to pay attention to your baby and be considerate of others. I still tell my airplane “neighbors” that I’ll do whatever it takes to keep her quiet and happy, and by the time we land, we’ve made more friends than enemies.
Enjoy it while it lasts
The first two years are the cheapest time to travel with a child: domestic air travel is free for lap children, international tickets are a fraction (usually 10 percent) of the adult fare, and most hotels and museums allow babies free of charge for the first few years. This time is also the most “adult” you’ll have for awhile, before you have to consider the whims and boredom of a child. Vera’s first year has been delightfully kid-menu and Disney-free. In a few years we may have to rethink our itinerary and even our destinations, but so far, not much has changed. We still love going to post-Soviet cities, wandering around oddball museums and sitting outside at wine bars to people watch, though our bedtime might be a bit earlier.
Share your lessons learned while traveling with a baby, or tell me what I’m in for in year two in the comments below.
A Traveler in the Foreign Service: A birthday that went up in smoke in Belgrade
by Dave Seminara on Feb 6, 2012
There’s nothing like having a sealed train compartment full of Serbian farmers blowing smoke in your face on your 30th birthday. One of the strangest elements of expatriate life is that you sometimes find yourself celebrating major occasions with people you just met, rather than friends and family.
I had just started a tour as an American Foreign Service Officer in Macedonia right before my 30th birthday and my wife, who was completing a graduate degree in Chicago, hadn’t yet arrived at post. So my options were to spend the auspicious occasion with people whom I barely knew, or spend it alone. I told Marija, one of my Macedonian colleagues, that I planned to take the train up to Belgrade, but didn’t mention that the trip would take place on my 30th.
“Nobody takes the train,” she said. “They gas the compartments and then rob everyone.”
I ignored her and turned up at Skopje’s forlorn train station on Saturday morning November 9, for my birthday trip to Belgrade. I love train travel and thought that it would be a pleasant way to spend the day. I had a compartment all to myself for the first hour of the trip, but shortly after we crossed the Serbian border, a group of four boisterous Serbs barged into the compartment.
There was a teenager named Ivan, two haggard, middle aged women whose names I didn’t catch, and a middle aged man named Slavica who wore a garish jacked with the words CHICAGO HAPPY MEMBER CLUB emblazoned in a huge font across his back. I couldn’t help but note the irony: I was spending my 30th birthday with a member of the Chicago Happy Member Club, rather than with my wife in Chicago.
Immediately after sitting down, Slavica slid the compartment door shut, lit up a cigarette, and blew the smoke right in my face. I pointed to the no-smoking sticker on the door. He gave me a puzzled look and a shrug and kept smoking, so I opened our window. In the Balkans, and in other parts of the world, fresh air is seen as a dangerous thing- perhaps akin to spending a holiday at a leper colony or having unprotected sex with an H.I.V. positive prostitute-which causes all sorts of illnesses.Slavica slammed the window shut and when I protested he got up and crouched over me, menacingly hovering with his rancid breath so close to my face that I noticed he had cat-like whiskers growing implausibly up near his eye sockets. He barked at me in Serbian and then stormed out into the corridor to finish his smoke.
The uglier of the two women, who had greasy spiked hair and wore baggy leather pants, went out, grabbed Slavica’s cigarette from him, came back in, took a puff on it and blew the smoke ostentatiously in my face. Happy Birthday.
My new friends spoke no English, and I spoke no Serbian, but I had a trusty phrasebook. The spike-haired woman wanted to see my passport, in order to determine where I was from. After our unpleasant introduction, the last thing I wanted to do was pull out a black, diplomatic passport from the United States, a country that had just bombed the Serbs only three years before.
In order to confuse and repel them I start speaking Albanian but they refused to believe that I was from Albania. Slavica eventually came back in and tried to make nice by riffling through my phrase book in an attempt to get to know me.
After an enormous amount of phrasebook effort, I gathered that neither of the two women were his wives, although he indicated through various crude pelvic thrusts that he was interested in introducing the less homely woman to the HAPPY MEMBER CLUB, should the opportunity arise. They had all just come from a market town and were headed home to Leskovac.
They were paprika farmers, who had been trying to sell their crops at the market. Slavica wanted to know how much a kilo of paprika went for in the U.S., and was disappointed that I did not know. I eventually admitted to them that I was American and this seemed to please everyone, most of all, spike hair, who seemed to be the only person in the compartment who hadn’t warmed to me.
By the time they departed, we were all old friends- doing shots of rakija, singing songs (them, not me), and giggling about dirty words in the phrase book. Before she alighted onto the platform, the slight-less ugly woman handed me a scrap of paper with a hotmail address on it. We shared no common language, but vowed to stay in touch. Sure we would.
A few hours later, I arrived in Belgrade and after only a few minutes of walking around the town center, formulated a snap impression: Belgrade may have the world’s most beautiful women. After eating a dismal plate of General Tsao’s chicken, I repaired to a crowded basement bar, where I was invited to sit with a group of three twentysomethings who spoke English- brothers, Marko and Nikola, and Nikola’s girlfriend, Tanja.
Marko said they had beckoned me to their table because I looked foreign and they wanted to practice their English. When I told them I was American, Tanja said, “don’t worry we won’t talk politics.”
Instead, we talked about cutlery.
“You probably didn’t know that the Serbs were the first people to eat with knives, did you?” Nikola asked.
I admitted that I hadn’t known that, but Marko quickly corrected his younger brother.
“It was spoons, you idiot, not knives!”
A lengthy discussion ensued in Serbian, and Tanja finally concluded, “we were the first to use knives AND spoons.”
“What about forks?” I asked.
After another lengthy Serbian language discussion, Tanja said, “probably forks too, but we’d have to check about that.” After the cutlery claims, Marko boasted that the Serbs had also founded Paris, and had “given the Romans their technology.”
“Really?” I asked. “What were all of your neighbors up to when the Serbs were doing all these things?”
Not much, according to them. Montenegrins were lazy and would cheat you. Macedonians were country bumpkins and really shouldn’t even exist as a nation. Albanians were sub-human and prone to crime. Bulgarians smelled bad and were ugly.
I tried to change the topic, and was encouraged to “study Serbian history, learn the Serbian language, eat Serbian food and take a Serbian wife.” When I mentioned it was my birthday, Nikola said, “Happy birthday, now buy us some drinks!”
Read more from a Traveler in the Foreign Service here.
Image via Flickr, Velja123.
Sustainable cities to watch in 2012
by Jessica Marati on Jan 13, 2012
Think of sustainability, and San Francisco is probably the first city to come to mind. But a new crop of green urban centers is emerging, and they’re not where you might think.
Leon Kaye, editor of GreenGoPost.com, recently published a list of his picks for emerging sustainable cities to watch in 2012. Some spots were to be expected, like Detroit, with its preponderance of urban renewal projects, and Accra, which recently topped Siemens’ and Economist Intelligence Unit’s index of Africa’s greenest cities.
But there were also a few wild cards. Mexico City made the list for its 10-point Climate Action Program, which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7 million metric tones between 2008 and 2012. The plan included massive improvements to the public transportation system, including the construction of Latin America’s largest rail system and investments in green roofing, water conservation, and waste management.
Also on the list was Naples, Italy, whose trash crisis has made headlines since 2008. Once city residents started realizing that the government wasn’t going to take action, they started taking matters into their own hands. Through grassroots activist movements, like guerrilla gardening and flash mobs, Neapolitans are slowly beautifying their city, and this year will host the UN’s World Urban Forum.
The other cities on Kaye’s watch list were Adelaide, Australia; Belgrade, Serbia; Brasilia, Brazil; Doha, Qatar; San Jose, California; and Seoul, Korea.
[Flickr image of Mexico City via Alfredo Gayou]
Belgrade fortress besieged by flowers
by Sean McLachlan on Dec 24, 2011
Belgrade fortress is one of the toughest castles in Europe. In its 2,000 year history its stood against numerous invaders, been destroyed several times, and has always risen from the wreckage.
Despite such a proud history, Belgrade fortress is beginning to crumble from the effects of a combination of coal smoke and fertilizer from the flower beds of the surrounding park.
The website medievalists.net reports that a Serbian and French team have been analyzing a black crust that’s been forming on the limestone walls and found it to contain syngenite, a double sulfate of potassium and calcium that’s the result of the use of potassium fertilizer in the flowerbeds along some parts of the walls.
Pollution from cars and coal-burning factories has long been known to chip away at stone. A similar black crust can be seen on many of the historic walls in Oxford. This new study shows that caretakers of historic sites have to be careful how they beautify the grounds.
Belgrade fortress is treat for any history buff or castle fan. Located at the strategically important confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers, a fort was first built here by the Romans in the first century AD. This was one of the rougher regions of the Roman Empire and the fort saw action numerous times before finally being destroyed in the early 7th century by the Avars and Slavs. Legend has it that Attila the Hun is buried somewhere in the grounds of the castle.
The Byzantine Empire, as the eastern remnant of the Roman Empire came to be called, continued to value the site and built a massive fort there in the 6th and again in the 12th century. Belgrade fortress was later the pride of the emerging Serbian nation and was improved and expanded several times. When Austria ruled the area in the 18th century it saw action against the expanding Ottoman Empire.
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Now that I’ve begun my second year of studying amidst the global pandemic, I’ve started to review my homeschooling methods to make sure I remain productive and effective. I can still remember a time where I had to travel to school. While the physical toll of traveling back and forth is no longer a concern, I constantly strive to put my newfound time to meaningful use. As such, I have boiled down my personal homeschooling methods into three tips that should be useful in your own homebound endeavours.
Table of contents
Effective time management
Multimedia approach
Designated space
Effective time management
“一年之计在于春,一天之计在于晨” is a Chinese proverb that speaks to the value of planning; just as how one’s whole year might depend on one’s planning in the spring, our day depends on our planning in the morning. For however long you might be homeschooling, having concrete goals and a clear schedule will help you achieve your objectives. As part of a weekly schedule, mark out parts of your day for studying, eating, and exercising. Essential activities aside, allocate some free time as a buffer for unexpected events or simply for personal time to relax, unwind or explore. Cultivate the discipline necessary to stick within your schedule, and you will find yourself becoming more productive and thrive during your homeschooling.
Multimedia approach
The flexibility and time afforded by homeschooling allow for multiple ways of learning. Whether you consider yourself an audio learner rather than a visual learner or prefer hands-on learning to theory-based education, using various approaches will improve your ability to retain information. Change up your studying methods from simply reading the materials to making your own notes in a manner that you understand best. Consider creating diagrams and pictures in addition to noting down important points.
Designated space
To ensure that you are focusing on your work, create a designated space for you to do so. In a physical sense, this might involve moving your workstation away from distractions such as your bed. In addition, keep all the materials you might need close by to remove the need to retrieve items from elsewhere. Other considerations might involve eliminating distractions from your devices, such as uninstalling leisure or gaming applications.
Tired of just studying or working at home and want to try something else equally enriching? Head on down to TransCultural Group and try out our unique courses!
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writer - teacher - driver - singer - actor - tour guide - brother- father - child of God (wrestling fan)
This is Paul
Meet Paul Barile
The writer
The teacher
The writer
Paul Barile is a published novelist. He is a widely produced and published playwright. He is the poem guy.
The actor
The teacher
The writer
Paul Barile has worked in theater, film, and television. He works in (and teaches) improv.
The teacher
The teacher
The teacher
Paul Barile teaches a variety of writing and acting classes at various venues including College of DuPage, He teaches ages 7 years old through senior citizens.
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Leanna Walker (born November 24th, 1960) was President of Lauchenoiria from 10th June 2015 where she served until a vote of impeachment removed her from office on the 5th June 2018. Leanna Walker was a member of the Liberal Party.
She studied International Relations at Buttercity University, graduating in 1984, and went on to work for the Department for International Trade. She was a Member of the Yervian Parliament for the Trenby and Lottera constituency from 1994 until 2006, and a Member of the Federal Parliament for Mid-Yervia from 2006-2015.
Walker did not run for re-election to Parliament in 2014, instead announcing her presidential bid. Her initial choice for vice-president, Nicholas Drysdale, dropped out following the death of his wife, and Kieran MacKenzie became her running mate. In June 2015, she was elected President with a narrow majority.
Contents
1 Early Life and Education
2 Early Career
3 President of Lauchenoiria
3.1 Impeachment & Exile
4 Personal Life
Early Life and Education
Leanna Walker was born in Usera, Yervia Province to Benjamin and Layla Walker. Her brother, Edmund, was born one year later. He now resides in Laeral with his wife. Her father was a pilot, and her mother a writer who worked from home.
Walker was home educated until the age of 10, when she began to attend Mariposa Academy, a boarding school ten miles south of Usera, when her mother fell ill. Walker has since cited her experiences at Mariposa Academy as why she is such a strong opponent of the existence of boarding schools.
In 1980, after working as a hotel receptionist on Butterfly Island for two years, Walker attended Buttercity University where she graduated with a First Class degree in International Relations. While at university, Walker was involved with student groups opposed to the communist government, and organised several demonstrations calling for the legalisation of capitalist political parties.
Early Career
Following graduation, Walker was employed by the Department for International Trade, where she worked for a decade, before leaving after the legalisation of openly capitalist parties. She joined the Liberal Party shortly after its creation in 1993, and was soon after elected as a Member of the Yervian Parliament for Trenby and Lottera, a rural constituency.
While in the Yervian Parliament, Walker was a strong proponent of allowing farmers to trade directly with foreign entities. She sponsored a bill which would have allowed farmers to sell their products directly to foreign companies rather than to the government trade department. The legislation was passed by the parliament, but struck down by the Supreme Court as it violated federal restrictions.
She remained in the Yervian Parliament until 2006 when she was elected to the Federal Parliament for the Mid-Yervia constituency (which included Trenby and Lottera). She again pushed for direct trading between producers of goods and foreign companies, however the communist government did not support her attempts. In 2010, when the Liberal Party became the main opposition, she became her party's International Trade spokesperson.
In 2014, she did not run for re-election, and instead began her presidential campaign. She was elected president on the 2nd June 2015.
President of Lauchenoiria
Leanna Walker was elected following a surge of support for the Liberal Party that led to them becoming the largest parliamentary party a year earlier. Her main platform was in supporting the capitalism referendum which was held in August 2017. Interestingly, she also supported trying to relieve tensions with Kerlile which had been building up for years. This was not a usual Liberal platform.
As President, Walker became a strong supporter of environmental policy, calling on Parliament to develop stronger regulations for the energy industry, and to take measures to reduce waste. She remained a supporter of farmers, and signed into law legislation that finally permitted direct trade.
She took an active role in foreign affairs, calling for Lauchenoiria to strengthen ties with other IDU states and take action abroad rather than continuing with the passive policies of her predecessors. She encouraged provinces to develop school exchange programs with other nations (education is devolved).
She remained notably silent on the issue of Kerlian refugees, but repeatedly called for the government to improve relations with Kerlile. She did not specify whether this would include discussion of returning Kerlian citizens. As such, most Kerlian citizens in Lauchenoiria did not support Walker.
Impeachment & Exile
In May 2018, Walker was on a diplomatic tour visiting various nations in the IDU when a vote of no confidence in Laura Moore passed. Citing safety concerns, Walker did not return to Lauchenoiria, instead heading to Laeral. Several days later, she publicly denounced Suleman Chaher's actions as an illegal coup d'état and refused to recognise his government.
Chaher then alleged that Walker was working for Skoden in trying to undermine Lauchenoiria. No evidence for this claim was given, though it formed the basis of the impeachment proceedings against Walker. Parliament passed the articles of impeachment on Tuesday 5th June 2018, by 69 votes for to 34 against, with 17 abstentions (including imprisoned MPs).
Walker remained in Laeral in exile for an unspecified amount of time, before returning covertly to Lauchenoiria. She was arrested on the 1st July 2018 in Buttercity for allegedly attempting to assassinate Suleman Chaher. After Chaher's death on the 25th July, she was executed.
Personal Life
Walker had no partner or children. Her hobbies included photography, reading fiction and tennis. While a MP, she regularly attended the theatre and starred in several amateur drama productions with a local group in Usera.
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The Tennessee Titans spent a first-round pick on offensive lineman Isaiah Wilson earlier this year, and it would be an understatement to say they have nothing to show for it thus far. Due to some circumstances in his control and others outside of it, Thomas has truly had a rookie season to forget.
Wilson made his season debut last week against the Indianapolis Colts, but the Titans announced on Saturday that he has now been suspended for a violation of team rules. The team did not specify what led to the disciplinary action against the former Georgia star, but Wilson has been in plenty of trouble this year. He had a run-in with Tennessee State University police less than two weeks after he was removed from the reserve/COVID-19 list back in August. He was also arrested for driving while under the influence in September.
Here’s a breakdown of the mayhem surrounding Thomas in his first NFL season:
Since being drafted, #Titans Isaiah Wilson has been busted by TSU campus police at a pandemic party, nearly jumped out of a 2nd story to evade them, gotten in 2 (confirmed) wrecks, DUI, 2 separate COVID list stints (the 2nd for a month) & suspended for 1 of the yrs biggest games
— Buck Reising (@BuckReising) December 5, 2020
It’s unclear how long Wilson will be suspended for, but no length of time would be a surprise given the events of the past several months.
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With the holiday season coming up, people are more eager to gather now than last year, seeing that there is a decreased number of new COVID-19 cases and the availability of vaccines. But does this mean you should let your guard down? The answer is no! As promoted by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we should continue to keep ourselves healthy along with getting vaccinated and social distancing when in groups. Not to forget wearing our masks when out, something that we should be accustomed to.
Keeping Ourselves Healthy
So how can we keep ourselves healthy, and what does staying healthy have to do with reducing our risks? By staying healthy, we are strengthening our immune system to be in top shape and can help us fight the severity of COVID-19. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, such as getting in your daily exercise, eating enough nutrients, and getting a good night’s worth of sleep, are all important factors.
There are many unhealthy choices we make without knowing that weakens our immune system. For example, staying up late to finish one more episode of Squid Game but ending up watching the whole season. Ordering too much food and forcing yourself to finish it because a to-go box is 25 cents, leading to overeating. Or keeping all your assignments to start at the absolute last minute, which causes unnecessary stress. These are just some small things that may not seem to affect your body, but they will slowly build up.
Balanced Lifestyle
Keeping a balanced lifestyle can look like having a good work-life balance or a good balance between socializing and schoolwork if you’re still in school. Having a plan and splitting up your work accordingly so that you are not constantly stressed over deadlines is a great way to help maintain this balance. Taking breaks in between activities to hydrate, the daily recommendation is 64 ounces or 8 cups, or fueling up on nutrients can help your brain recharge and give you more energy for the rest of the day. Here are some ways to strengthen your immune system.
Nutrients
Since we started school, it has been drilled into our brains that we should follow the food pyramid and get enough servings of each category per day to maintain a healthy food diet. Eating enough fruits and vegetables can give you a lot of natural Vitamin C, which will help strengthen and boost your immune system. Eating protein helps cells build and operate in the immune system. Eating carbohydrates give the body energy to function while you carry out daily tasks and also helps strengthen the immune system in its own way. Overall, eating a healthy balanced diet is the first step in keeping your immune system strong and healthy.
Exercise
Gym memberships may not be the cheapest subscription we can have, and we may also not have time to be consistently going to the gym. While the gym is the best place to get all kinds of exercise, we should not think of going to the gym as the only way to get exercises done. Get your exercises in by walking places instead of taking the car out for a 5-minute drive or by walking those extra blocks instead of taking the bus for another few stops. Working out helps reduce inflammation and boosts the immune cells, strengthening our immune system.
Sleep
Adults generally need 6-8 hours of sleep, depending on the person. Sleeping for a certain amount of time is not the only thing we need to keep in mind but also the quality of sleep we get. Ideally, you want to experience REM cycles in your sleep, which are phases we go through to dream and let the body rest. With the proper rest and quality sleep, you are more likely to feel better about the next morning and yourself. Sleep deprivation can cause a higher risk for chronic diseases. Getting enough sleep is crucial in keeping our minds fresh and clear.
Conclusion
They say it takes 21 days to turn something into a habit. So, if we follow through with a routine for three weeks, then we will be able to get rid of our unhealthy lifestyle choices, turning them into healthy choices. Start the day with a cup of water, and remember to hydrate every hour. Choose to cook more and order less takeout to get more organic and fresh groceries. Set an alarm clock for when you should sleep so that you have enough sleep. Harvard Research has shown that following key healthy habits will make your immune system strong and live more years free from chronic conditions. On the bright side, you could also live more than ten years longer than those who don’t follow these habits. Remember, having a healthy lifestyle will help strengthen your immune system, which is important for fighting off germs and viruses such as COVID-19. Download the Lively Health App for more resources on a healthy diet, exercise, and more!
We hope that you’ve enjoyed the article! Ready to start investing in your health today with Lively Health? Try it free:
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When Melissa started her internship at FS, Jen had been working with the visitor experience manager, Brooke Rosenblatt, and media specialist, Hutomo Wicaksono on creating training videos for security staff during their formation meetings. The first video they made was on the vulnerabilities of the Peacock Room in the Freer Gallery of Art. Inspired by this work, Melissa started brainstorming with Brooke, Jen, and Hutomo about potential topics of interest to address real preservation communication needs. In the end, the group decided on addressing the risks of eating food in the galleries based on the following reasons:
A new cafe was slated to open in the Sackler lobby just outside the galleries
The museum was hosting more and more catered special events within or near the galleries
Jen was in the process of developing a new integrated pest management program for the museum
The project started with an aim at reaching security staff, specifically, but the intended audience for the video expanded beyond security staff to be more general for staff members (including café workers and volunteers) to emphasize the collaborative effort to minimize food consumption in areas with collections.
Methodology
Completed a comprehensive review of existing resources and videos for inspiration
Melissa met bi-weekly for several months starting in 2020 with Hutomo to come up with a script and storyboard for the video
Once the video concept was mostly complete, Melissa and Hutomo met with Brooke and Jen to run the idea by them and get approval on the message and the tone of the video
Once the concept was approved, COVID-19 prevented immediate filming, however, Melissa and Hutomo continued to meet virtually to discuss other options that might include green screens and animations with the hope of eventually returning to the museum to film
The script, concept, and some of the animations are complete and ready for filming if the opportunity arises
About Melissa
Melissa King is a 2020 graduate of the Winterthur/University of Delaware Program in Art Conservation where she specialized in preventive conservation.
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Hunky Stephen Colletti was Kristin Cavallari's one and only in the MTV reality show, "Laguna Beach," and fans believe they may be rekindling the flame.
Fans of the MTV reality show "Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County" will remember the handsome Stephen Colletti, who was once romantically involved with actress Kristin Cavallari.
Their romance came to an end with high school. Both moved on, and Cavallari married NFL star quarterback Jay Cutler in 2013. Now, 7 years later her marriage is over, and a selfie on her Instagram hints that Colletti may be back in the game.
The love triangle manufactured for ratings wounded Cavallari deeply and undermined her confidence in herself and her trust in Colletti.
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Kristin Cavallari visits Hallmark Channel's studio in January 2020 in Universal City, California | Source: Getty Images
HIGH SCHOOL SWEETHEARTS
"Laguna Beach" followed the lives of a group of high school students, their lives, their loves, and their rivalries. It was all real life to the teens, but for the show's producers, it was gold, mined for all it was worth.
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Cavallari and Colletti's romance quickly became the center of the show, and according to the actress/ designer, the producers added what they saw as drama, which resulted in real-life pain. She wrote in her memoir, "Balancing in Heels":
"One of the most hurtful things they did was pressure Stephen to spend time with another girl from the show, Lauren, while he and I were dating."
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Lauren Conrad was Cavallari's nemesis, her rival. The love triangle manufactured for ratings wounded Cavallari deeply and undermined her confidence in herself and her trust in Colletti. That always-fragile first love did not survive the pressure.
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LIVES APART
The show ended in 2004, and the relationship came to ana end, they both moved on to different loves. Colletti became involved with -- among others -- "Nashville" actress Hayden Panettiere, and actress Chelsea Kane, best known for her work in the sitcom, "Baby Daddy."
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Cavallari went on to star in her own ongoing reality show, "Very Cavallari," and married Cutler in 2013. The couple welcomed 3 children: sons Camden, 7, Jaxon, 6, and daughter Saylor, 4. Then in April 2020, the couple made a joint statement on Instagram:
“With great sadness, after 10 years together we have come to a loving conclusion to get a divorce. We have nothing but love and respect for one another."
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REUNITED AFTER 16 YEARS
But fans were in for a surprise, just months after the divorce announcement, Cavallari posted a selfie on Instagram of herself in a cinch with Colletti in what looked like a dim-lit, very intimate setting. She captioned the post suggestively:
"2004 or 2020?!"
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Cavallari and Colletti had a reunion with "Laguna Beach" castmate Alex Murrel, and according to sources, the former couple is "just friends," and they are not romantically involved.
Fans, however, believe that Cavallari and Colletti may be on the verge of reigniting their old flame. Cavallari had admitted in her memoir:
"Stephen was the most important thing in my life, and there was nothing I cared about more."
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ALL QUIET ON THE COLLETTI FRONT
Colletti did not post or allude to their reunion on social media, which has fans even more excited. It would have been very natural for Colletti to post snaps of a reunion with Cavallari and Murrel if all it was was a friendly get together between old high school pals.
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STEPHEN COLLETTI AFTER "LAGUNA BEACH"
After "Laguna Beach," Colletti landed the part of Chase Adams in the series "One Tree Hill." His riveting performance and his character's popularity led to his being promoted to a series regular.
After the show ended, Colletti and his castmate, actor James Lafferty, wrote, co-produced, and starred in their own film, "Everyone is Doing Great."
Read also
Getty Images
Kristin Cavallari — What We Know about the TV Star's Love Story and Divorce from Jay Cutler
GettyImages
Jay Cutler's 6-Year Marriage to Kristin Cavallari Amid News of Their Divorce — inside Their Journey
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Lauren Conrad's Life after 'Laguna Beach' Including a Happy Marriage and Kids
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Colletti was part of the cast of the sports comedy, "Hit the Floor" as a recurring character, and has since concentrated on making a series of family-orientated TV films.
Among them are "The Wedding Do-Over," with Nicole Gale Anderson and Parker Young; and "Hometown Christmas," in which he took the lead opposite Beverley Mitchell.
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REKINDLING THE FLAME
Colletti and Cavallari have admitted that throughout the last 16 years, since "Laguna Beach" ended, they have remained friends and stayed in touch with each other.
It is only natural that Cavallari should turn to her oldest friends for support at such a difficult time of her life. We will just have to see if there is going to be a real-live "Laguna Beach" reboot. After all, reboots are all the fashion now, and Colletti has revealed that MTV has invited him to join the "The Hills" revival.
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If you’re in a relationship, it can be tricky to work out when to start sharing income and expenses. Here are a few ways to successfully merge money as a couple.
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of our daily lives, and romance is no exception. While lengthy separations have led some relationships to end, other couples are choosing to move in together more quickly than they might have expected.
If you’re planning on living together, you might be wondering whether to merge your finances. Combining money is a big step for any couple, and not something that has to be tackled all at once. There are several ways to share money as a couple, and you might like to take it in stages.
Before you merge your finances
It’s important to be honest, open and transparent about your financial situation and expectations upfront. Money can become a source of tension in relationships, often due to mismatched values, poor financial habits or financial infidelity.
Before merging your finances, set aside a time to talk about your current financial situation, including any debts or bad spending habits. Discuss your shared goals and vision for the future. Put a financial plan in place to help you get there. And work out which approach to sharing money will work best for both of you, so that you can set up your accounts to manage household expenses.
Also keep in mind that once you’ve been living together in a relationship for a period of time, you’re considered to have a spouse for legal and financial purposes. This can have implications for your tax returns, government rebates and benefits, and, in the event of a split, can affect how your assets are divided up.
Read more: Advice for couples at tax time
Ways to share money
If you’re planning on moving in together, you’ll need to work out how you’d like to pay for your household expenses. There are a few different approaches to combining money, and each has its pros and cons. Here are some ideas to help you get started:
Proportional method
In this approach, each member of the couple contributes to household expenses in line with what they earn. For example, if one partner earns $100,000 a year, which is 66 per cent of the household income, and the other earns $50,000, which is 33 per cent of the household income they would each contribute accordingly. That means, if the monthly bills come to $3000, then the higher earning partner pays $2000 (66 per cent), while the other partner pays $1000 (33 per cent).
Pros: In this scenario, both partners spend the same percentage of their income towards bills, expenses and entertainment, while keeping what’s left over for themselves individually. That means you can both enjoy a better lifestyle than you could if you kept your money separate. It also relieves the stress of trying to keep up with a higher earning partner, or ‘budget down’ to the level of the lower earning partner.
Cons: One possible drawback to this method is that the higher earning partner could start to feel resentful about contributing more, or you could get into disagreements about whether an expense should be joint, or personal.
Related: Show your finances some self love
Equal shares
In this system, expenses are split down the middle, regardless of who earns what. You keep the rest of your income to spend how you like. That means you’re also responsible for paying down debts you’ve racked up on your own – your finances are essentially separate.
Pros: This is a great option for people who value their independence, especially in the early stages of a relationship. Neither partner feels like they are contributing too much,or being subsidised.
Cons: If there’s a big disparity in incomes, this can limit your lifestyle to that of the lower earning partner. It’s also not a realistic way to manage many of life’s major events, for example, if you want to buy a home you’ll need all of your borrowing power. Or, if one partner needs to take time off work to have children, you’ll need to reassess the arrangement.
Related: Is your lifestyle affecting your borrowing power?
Going all in
Another option is to combine all of your finances. Couples who use this method only have joint bank accounts and credit cards, shared loans and so on. Each partner’s income is deposited into a joint account, and all of your household and personal expenses are paid from a joint account.
Pros: Both partners have complete transparency over the household finances. It’s also simple to manage, as you don’t need to worry about splitting bills. Having an overview of your whole financial situation can also help with financial planning and money management.
Cons: This approach can cause friction if your values and spending behaviour aren’t aligned. One partner can become resentful of the other’s spending, or, disagree with individual purchases they want to make.
As you can see, there’s no right or wrong way for couples to share their money. The most important thing is to keep talking regularly about your finances, and review and alter your approach over time, as your needs change.
For more advice on reaching your financial goals as a couple, why not speak to a financial planner?
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Disclosure Statement: Triple T Insurance Services Pty Ltd ABN 72 061 026 202 is an Authorised Representative of Resilium Insurance Broking Pty Ltd ABN 92 169 975 973 AFS Licence No 460382. General Advice Warning: The information in this site does not take into account the objectives, financial situation or needs of any person. Before making a decision, you should consider whether it is appropriate in light of your particular objectives, financial situation or needs.
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Coming out of the Covid-19 related cancellation of the 2020 baseball season and winter workout, many did not know what to expect. The 2021 summer season turned out to be one of the most memorable, and rewarding, in New York Nine history. The decision was made to assist those who had played for the Nine in previous seasons and lost a full calendar year or more in either high school or college.
The Scout team went 19-3 in the Blue Chips Collegiate league regular season, easily securing the #1 seed, defeated the Tidewater Drillers of the Valley League and played the two-time Coastal Plains League defending champion Morehead City Marlins at Big Rock Stadium in North Carolina. Every rostered player is currently playing in college, many JUCO graduates or transfers that the Nine assisted in opening doors at their next stop. Below is a fun recap of the 2021 season in numbers and non-DFA’d player movement.
2021 New York Nine Transaction Highlights:
⁃Catcher John Garcia played the second half of the summer with the Bourne Braves of the Cape Cod League. He also accepted a scholarship to play at D1 Grambling University
⁃First Baseman Anthony Fontana accepted an offer to play at local D1 Hofstra University, over additional higher level offers
⁃Infielder Jared Palladino accepted an offer to play at D1 Eastern Tennessee State University (ETSU) over other additional opportunities
⁃Infielder Michael Edwards accepted an offer to play at D1 Coppin State University
⁃Right handed pitcher Albert Cuello Batista accepted a scholarship to D2 powerhouse Southern New Hampshire University
⁃High School Senior Outfielder Henry Garcia accepted a scholarship offer to Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana over other offers
⁃6’6” Right handed pitcher Colm O’Shea accepted a scholarship offer to attend D2 Newberry College in South Carolina
⁃Third baseman Christopher Martinez accepted a scholarship to NAIA powerhouse University of Science and Arts in Chicasha, Oklahoma
⁃6’9” Right handed pitcher Austin Cole transferred to D2 Queens College, accepting their offer over additional opportunities
⁃Right handed knuckleballer Brayden Martino accepted a scholarship to D1 Hofstra University in Uniondale, NY
⁃Middle Infielder Joan Sosa accepted a scholarship to d1 Fairleigh Dickinson University in New Jersey
⁃Class of 2024 High school outfielder Isaiah Shivers accepted a scholarship from Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana
⁃Right handed pitcher Joseilyn Gonzalez signed as a free agent with the Los Angeles Dodgers
2021 New York Nine Statistical Highlights:
–Joan Sosa led the team in OBP (.555)
–Dante Paolucci was 2nd on the team in Slugging % (.651) and also 2nd on the team in OBP (.500) and 3rd on the team in hits (17)
–Christopher Martinez led the team in home runs with 4 and tied for first in RBI with Jared Paladino (17)
–Justin Henry was top 3 in a broad range of categories (HR, RBI, Runs, SBs, HBP, batting average, OBP) and placed 4th in Slugging. Henry was particularly strong with stolen bases, finishing 1st with 12.
-Before signing with the Bourne Braves in the Cape Cod League, John Garcia led the team in slugging with a .680 mark
–Colin Diez placed 1st on the team in pitches seen per plate appearance with a preposterous 4.6 and finished 4th on the team in OBP.
–Colm O’Shea struck out 38 batters in 23.1 IP to lead the team
–Bryce Martino did not give up an earned run in 11.1 innings while striking out 13 and walking 2
–Mikey Garcia threw 11 innings with 15 strikeouts and 3 walks
Category: Scout Blog | Tags: Albert Cuello Batista, Anthony Fontana, Austin Cole, Brayden Martino, Bryce Martino, Christopher Martinez, Colin Diez, Colm O'Shea, Dante Paolucci, Henry Garcia, Isaiah Shivers, Jared Palladino, Joan Sosa, John Garcia, Joseilyn Gonzalez, Justin Henry, Michael Edwards, Michael Garcia
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New York Nine Testimonials
When I first arrived with the New York Nine it was the late summer of 2006 following my son’s Junior year of High School. That Spring my son had an uneventful season for his High School team garnering no post season awards. After a summer of camps, tournaments and showcases which pulled in a small amount of interest, we were introduced to the front office of the New York Nine and they invited him to play with them in their fall program. At the end of this brief stint with New York Nine, my son was listed in four nationally syndicated High School/Collegiate Baseball newspapers and, depending on which journal you read both online and in print, was one of the top 25, 10 or 5 Senior left handed pitchers in the Northeast. He finished his High School career winning All-League, All Northeast, was undefeated and led his team to the State Championship. He later went on to Wake Forest University where he played baseball for all four years, graduating in 2011.
I subsequently started a business called ‘Advantage Video’ in 2007 based on my experience videoing and promoting my son via (at that time) DVDs. Having witnessed the New York Nine work with my son and the experience I had with them I have whole heartedly recommended them to my baseball clients for the past seven years and they have always provided the best instruction, exposure and promotion that is available in the arena of Summer Travel League baseball. I have clients from time to time who are already established with other organizations so I have a close perspective from which to compare the New York Nine to those other organizations. What sets the New York Nine apart from the others is their complete dedication to every player, not just the top prospects. Some highly regarded organizations use the model of heavily promoting their top prospects and usually overlooking the ‘side’ players. This is not how New York Nine conducts their business.
The New York Nine, besides being excellent evaluators of young baseball talent, are experienced teachers. They communicate with the players and the parents; they are especially adept at assessing a player’s ability. They encourage, instruct and promote but are careful not to allow unachievable expectations to derail a player’s confidence.
I have in the past and will continue to recommend New York Nine to all of my baseball clients, they have always come through.
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The image of my life is such that I do not have a permanent partner, sexual partners change from 2 to 4 times a month, and with some of them, I had misfires: there was no erection for some as I understand psychological reasons. Then I decided to try Levitra tablets for the first time in my life.
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US: Fact check: Biden didn't 'gift' weapons to Taliban, hasn't proposed banning pistols - PressFrom - US
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US Fact check: Biden didn't 'gift' weapons to Taliban, hasn't proposed banning pistols
13:55 04 september 2021
13:55 04 september 2021 Source: usatoday.com
The Taliban's recapture of Afghanistan has sparked fears of an al Qaeda and ISIS revival
The question facing Western intelligence is whether Taliban 2.0 are any more or less sympathetic to al Qaeda and other jihadists taking shelter in Afghanistan. © Victor J. Blue/The New York Times/Redux Pictures A heavily armed Taliban fighter guards the Afghanistan central bank in Kabul, Afghanistan on Thursday, Aug. 19, 2021. Protesters took to the streets to rally against Taliban rule for the second day on Thursday, this time marching in Kabul, including near the presidential palace. (Victor J.
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The claim: The Biden administration "gifted" the Taliban $80 billion in weapons and wants to take 9 mm pistols away from Americans
© Susan Walsh, AP President Joe Biden speaks from the East Room of the White House in Washington, Wednesday, Aug 18, 2021, on the COVID-19 response and vaccination program.
President Joe Biden has taken heat from all sides for the chaotic withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan – including on social media.
"The current regime that just gifted the Taliban with $80+ billion worth of military grade weapons wants your 9mm pistols," reads an Aug. 17 text post on Facebook. "THINK ABOUT IT."
PHOTOS: The Taliban flew a Black Hawk helicopter over a parade of military equipment captured when it overran Afghanistan
Numerous US-made weapons fell into the hands of the Taliban when the Afghan army crumbled in the face of their sweeping offensive.Taliban fighters flew their white-and-black flag atop US-made Humvees, multi-purpose trucks, and armored vehicles.
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The post accumulated more than 46,000 shares within three days. Similar posts that criticize both the Biden administration's gun policies and its handling of the Afghanistan withdrawal have racked up tens of thousands of interactions on Facebook, according to CrowdTangle, a social media insights tool.
As the Taliban took over Afghanistan, it recovered military equipment the U.S. provided to the Afghan National Security Forces. The Islamic fundamentalist group now possesses guns, ammunition, Humvees and helicopters left behind by fleeing Afghan forces.
Fact check roundup: What’s true and what’s false about the Taliban takeover in Afghanistan
Fact check: Viral video does not show Taliban fighters dancing to a Drake song
The video was filmed at a wedding in Pakistan in March.Meanwhile, other social media users shared a different kind of video – one that purportedly shows armed Taliban fighters dancing to "In My Feelings" by Canadian rapper Drake.
But the Facebook post misleads on the value of that equipment – and its claim about Biden's position on handguns is wrong.
The U.S. spent more than $83 billion equipping and training the Afghan military, but not all of that money went toward weapons, as the post makes it seem. Foreign policy experts told USA TODAY it's wrong to say the Biden administration "gifted" those weapons to the Taliban, since the aid was meant for Afghan forces.
And Biden has not proposed taking away Americans' 9 mm pistols.
"It is very typical for gun rights activists to claim that Democrats and gun control supporters want to ban gun ownership and take away all weapons," Melissa Merry, an associate professor of political science at the University of Louisville, said in an email. "I would characterize this claim as just the latest iteration of this argument."
USA TODAY reached out to social media users who shared the posts for comment.
Female Afghan Journalist Says Country Needs to Stand on Its Own After Americans Leave
Sediqa Rezaei, a female journalist in Afghanistan, is hopeful Afghans will mount a physical fight against the Taliban if the country plunges back into the 1990s.After two decades and an investment of billions of dollars, American troops left Afghanistan and the country quickly fell to the Taliban, sparking international criticism. President Joe Biden defended his strategy, criticizing the Afghan army for failing to resist Taliban forces, a demonstration that the result would not have changed if troops remained for another year or another five years.
© Rahmat Gul, AP Taliban fighters stand guard in the main gate leading to Afghan presidential palace, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Monday, Aug. 16, 2021.
Weapons claim overreaches
The U.S. spent more than $80 billion equipping and training the Afghan military, but not all of that money went toward weapons. And the Biden administration didn't "gift" equipment to the Taliban.
"That is totally ridiculous," Barnett Rubin, a senior fellow at the Center for International Cooperation at New York University, said in an email. "If you give a gift to A, and then B steals the gift, it is not fair to say that you gave a gift to B."
National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan said at an Aug. 17 White House press briefing that the Taliban had recovered a "fair amount" of military equipment the U.S. provided to the Afghan National Security Forces.
"We don't have a complete picture, obviously, of where every article of defense materials has gone," he said. "But certainly a fair amount of it has fallen into the hands of the Taliban. And obviously, we don't have a sense that they are going to readily hand it over to us at the airport."
What Afghanistan’s Women Stand to Lose
“All that I have worked for, all of my dreams, have become zero"When Taliban fighters encroached on the Afghan capital Sunday, Zainab, a reporter in her mid-20s, made a decision to leave the country. She had never been abroad, but it did not deter her. If anything, it propelled her forward.
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Reuters reported that, while the Biden administration doesn't yet have definitive numbers, intelligence assessments estimate the Taliban has recovered more than 2,000 armored vehicles and up to 40 aircraft. That includes U.S.-supplied Humvees and Black Hawk helicopters.
"Those Black Hawks were not given to the Taliban," Sullivan said during the briefing. "They were given to the Afghan National Security Forces to be able to defend themselves."
Over the course of the war in Afghanistan, the U.S. spent more than $83 billion building up the Afghan military, according to an August report from the Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction. More than $28 billion of U.S. aid went to "defense articles and services, including weapons, ammunition, vehicles, night-vision devices, aircraft, and surveillance systems," according to a separate report published in December.
More: Is Kabul 'Biden's Saigon'? Images of chaotic exit evoke comparisons to retreat from Vietnam
That's far from the $80 billion figure cited in the Facebook post.
"That money was not exclusively used to buy weapons," Julie Garey, an assistant teaching professor of political science at Northeastern University, said in an email. "And even if that number was broken down to determine exactly how much was used for weapons, it still wouldn’t really be relevant. Not all of the weapons supplied are recoverable."
As world marks 9/11, Taliban flag raised over seat of power
KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — The Taliban raised their iconic white flag over the Afghan presidential palace Saturday, a spokesman said, as the U.S. and the world marked the 20th anniversary of the Sept. 11 attacks. The banner, emblazoned with a Quranic verse, was hoisted by Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund, the prime minister of the Taliban interim government, in a low-key ceremony, said Ahmadullah Muttaqi, multimedia branch chief of the Taliban’s cultural commission. © Provided by Associated Press A man walks down the stairs at dusk in Kabul, Afghanistan, Saturday, Sept. 11, 2021.
USA TODAY reached out to the Defense Department for comment.
Biden hasn't proposed banning pistols
Independent fact-checking organizations, gun policy experts and the White House have debunked the claim that Biden wants to ban 9 mm pistols.
The claim appears to stem from a July 26 blog post from the National Rifle Association's Institute for Legislative Action. The advocacy group's lobbying arm wrote that, during a July 21 CNN town hall in Cincinnati, Biden reiterated his "call to ban 9mm handguns."
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In response to USA TODAY's request for comment, NRA spokesperson Amy Hunter sent a 2019 tweet linking to a Townhall story. The article comments on something Biden said at a Seattle fundraiser about 9 mm pistols that "can hold 10 or more rounds."
The article doesn't prove Biden wants to ban all 9 mm handguns. And the full context of Biden's remarks in Cincinnati show he wasn't referring to all handguns.
"The idea you need a weapon that can have the ability to fire 20, 30, 40, 50, 120 shots from that weapon, whether – whether it's a 9 mm pistol or whether it's a rifle, is ridiculous," Biden said during the town hall. "I'm continuing to push to eliminate the sale of those things."
In June, the White House called on the Senate "to ban assault weapons and high-capacity magazines." That position is consistent with what Biden promised on the campaign trail.
"Looking at the statement, he’s clearly taking a position on regulating assault weapons," said Merry, the University of Louisville associate professor. "He’s not specifically proposing to ban 9 mm guns."
The Taliban want the world to think they've changed. Early signs suggest otherwise
The Taliban's stunningly swift takeover of Afghanistan has caused dread across much of the nation, as Afghans anxiously readjust to life under a militant group that repressed millions when last in power. © Rahmat Gul/AP Taliban fighters patrol in Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood in the city of Kabul, Afghanistan, Wednesday, Aug. 18, 2021. The Taliban declared an "amnesty" across Afghanistan and urged women to join their government Tuesday, seeking to convince a wary population that they have changed a day after deadly chaos gripped the main airport as desperate crowds tried to flee the country.
Fact check: New Texas gun carry law doesn't change purchase regulations
PolitiFact rated false a similar claim from House Republicans. The independent fact-checking organization reported that, while experts disagree on the definition of an assault-style weapon – and states have different standards for what qualifies as a high-capacity magazine – none of the most popular handguns would be affected by what Biden has proposed.
And if Biden's policies did pass Congress, the federal government would not take assault pistols away from gun owners.
Biden has proposed banning the manufacture and sale of assault-style weapons and high-capacity magazines. Americans who already possess those weapons could either sell them to the federal government or register them under the National Firearms Act.
"President Biden has never proposed the ban of 9 mm pistols or other caliber pistols," Daniel Webster, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Prevention and Policy, said in an email. "He certainly has never taken pistols away from people who are legal gun owners."
USA TODAY reached out to the White House for comment, but it did not provide one on the record.
Our rating: False
Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that the Biden administration "gifted" the Taliban $80 billion in weapons and wants to take 9 mm pistols away from Americans. The U.S. spent $28 billion on weapons, vehicles and other military equipment for the Afghan National Security Forces, not $80 billion. The Biden administration did not "gift" that equipment to the Taliban – the group recovered some of it from retreating Afghan forces. And Biden has not proposed taking 9 mm pistols away from Americans. Instead, he's proposed banning the sale and manufacture of assault-style firearms and high-capacity magazines.
Mullah's rise charts Taliban's long road back to power
The Taliban's top political leader, who made a triumphal return to Afghanistan this week, battled the U.S. and its allies for decades but then signed a landmark peace agreement with the Trump administration. Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar is now expected to play a key role in negotiations between the Taliban and officials from the Afghan government that the militant group deposed in its blitz across the country. The Taliban say they seek an “inclusive, Islamic” government and claim they have become more moderate since they last held power.
Our fact-check sources:
USA TODAY, Aug. 17, White House says a 'fair amount' of US military equipment provided to Afghans is now in Taliban hands
CrowdTangle, accessed Aug. 20
Barnett Rubin, Aug. 19, Email exchange with USA TODAY
Associated Press, Aug. 16, Billions spent on Afghan army ultimately benefited Taliban
Reuters, Aug. 19, Planes, guns, night-vision goggles: The Taliban's new U.S.-made war chest
Melissa Merry, Aug. 19, Email exchange with USA TODAY
The White House, Aug. 17, Press Briefing by Press Secretary Jen Psaki and National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, August 17, 2021
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, August 2021, WHAT WE NEED TO LEARN: LESSONS FROM TWENTY YEARS OF AFGHANISTAN RECONSTRUCTION
Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction, December 2020, Military Equipment Transferred to the Afghan Government: DOD Did Not Conduct Required Monitoring to Account for Sensitive Articles
Julie Garey, Aug. 20, Email exchange with USA TODAY
National Rifle Association, July 26, Biden Reiterates Call to Ban 9mm Handguns
PolitiFact, July 22, No, Joe Biden doesn’t want to ban handguns
Cincinnati Enquirer, July 21, Joe Biden town hall in Cincinnati: Here's the full CNN transcript
The White House, June 23, Fact Sheet: Biden-Harris Administration Announces Comprehensive Strategy to Prevent and Respond to Gun Crime and Ensure Public Safety
PolitiFact, accessed Aug. 20, Ban the manufacture and sale of assault weapons and high-capacity magazines
Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, accessed Aug. 20, Large Capacity Magazine
CNBC, Feb. 21, 2018, Definition of what’s actually an ‘assault weapon’ is a highly contentious issue
JoeBiden.com, accessed Aug. 20, THE BIDEN PLAN TO END OUR GUN VIOLENCE EPIDEMIC
USA TODAY, Aug. 17, How did Afghanistan end this way? The finger-pointing begins.
USA TODAY, Aug. 16, Afghanistan in chaos as thousands try to flee Kabul after Taliban takeover
Daniel Webster, Aug. 19, Email exchange with USA TODAY
The White House, Aug. 19, Email exchange with USA TODAY
USA TODAY, Aug. 16, Panicked people at Kabul airport cling to plane taking off as the Taliban takes over Afghanistan
USA TODAY, Aug. 15, How did the Taliban retake Afghanistan so quickly? What's happening now? What we know
NRA, Nov. 20, 2019, Twitter
Townhall, Nov. 19, 2019, Crazy Uncle Joe Strikes Again, This Time He Takes Aim at Handguns
The Seattle Times, Nov. 15, 2019, Speaking at the ‘House of Amazon,’ Joe Biden gently raises company’s role in middle-class job losses
Thank you for supporting our journalism. You can subscribe to our print edition, ad-free app or electronic newspaper replica here.
Our fact-check work is supported in part by a grant from Facebook.
1/30 SLIDES © USA TODAY
Warning: This gallery contains graphic images
2/30 SLIDES © Gemunu Amarasinghe, AP
Krisma Ghaus, right, evacuated from Kabul, Afghanistan, reunites with her husband Mansor Ghaus at Washington Dulles International Airport, in Chantilly, Va., on Wednesday, Sep. 1, 2021.
3/30 SLIDES © Gemunu Amarasinghe, AP
August 31, 2021: Families evacuated from Kabul, Afghanistan, sit onboard a bus after they arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport, in Chantilly, Va.
4/30 SLIDES © Jose Luis Magana/AP
Army Pfc. Kimberly Hernandez gives a high-five to a girl evacuated from Kabul, Afghanistan, before refugees boarded a bus at Washington Dulles International Airport in Chantilly, Va., on Aug. 30.
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Slideshow continues on the next slide
Families evacuated from Kabul, Afghanistan, wait to board a bus after they arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport, in Chantilly, Va., on Friday, Aug. 27, 2021.
5/30 SLIDES © Jose Luis Magana, AP
Children accompanied by their families evacuated from Kabul, Afghanistan, walk through the terminal before boarding a bus after they arrived at Washington Dulles International Airport, in Chantilly, Va., on Friday, Aug. 27, 2021.
6/30 SLIDES © Jose Luis Magana, AP
An Afghan girl looks out of a bus window upon their arrival at Incheon International Airport in Incheon on August 26, 2021, after fleeing from their country following the Taliban's military takeover of Afghanistan.
7/30 SLIDES © ANTHONY WALLACE, AFP via Getty Images
Afghans walk along fences as they arrive in Pakistan through the Pakistan-Afghanistan border crossing point in Chaman on August 24, 2021 following Taliban's military takeover of Afghanistan.
8/30 SLIDES © AFP via Getty Images
Afghan nationals arrive in Pakistan through the Pakistan-Afghanistan border crossing point in Chaman on August 24, 2021 following Taliban's military takeover of Afghanistan.
9/30 SLIDES © AFP via Getty Images
A U.S. Marine assigned to 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit comforts an infant while they wait for the mother during an evacuation at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul, Afghanistan, on Aug. 21, 2021.
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People evacuated from Kabul arrive at Hindon Air force base near New Delhi, India. Sunday, Aug. 22, 2021. A special military flight carrying 168 people, which include 107 Indian nationals and 61 others, landed at Hindon Air force base near New Delhi, according to the External Affairs Ministry spokesman.
10/30 SLIDES © Lance Cpl. Nicholas Guevara/U.S. Marine Corps via AP
Afghans waiting for transport to the Kabul international airport on Aug. 20, 2021.
11/30 SLIDES © AP
This image made available to AFP on August 20, 2021 by Omar Haidiri, shows a US Marine grabbing an infant over a fence of barbed wire during an evacuation at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul on August 19, 2021.
12/30 SLIDES © 1st Lt. Mark Andries/U.S. Marine Corps via AP
An Afghan child sleeps on the cargo floor of a U.S. Air Force C-17 Globemaster III, kept warm by the uniform of Airman First Class Nicolas Baron, C-17 loadmaster, during an evacuation flight from Kabul, Afghanistan, Aug. 18, 2021.
13/30 SLIDES © Courtesy of Omar Haidiri/AFP via Getty Images
Stranded Afghan nationals arrive to return back to Afghanistan at the Pakistan-Afghanistan border crossing point in Chaman on Aug. 16, 2021 as the Taliban were in control of Afghanistan after President Ashraf Ghani fled the country and conceded the insurgents had won the 20-year war.
14/30 SLIDES © 1st Lt. Mark Lawson, 6th Airlift Squadron, U.S. Central Command Public Affairs, U.S. Airforce
Military uniforms were discarded in Kabul, Afghanistan, where thousands of people mobbed the city's airport, trying to flee the Taliban's hard-line brand of Islamist rule.
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Afghan migrants sit in the countryside in Tatvan, in Bitlis Province, eastern Turkey, Aug. 18, 2021. Turkey is concerned about increased migration across the Turkish-Iranian border as Afghans flee the Taliban advance in their country.
15/30 SLIDES © AFP via Getty Images
Afghan people sit along the tarmac as they wait to leave the Kabul airport in Kabul on Aug. 16, 2021, after a stunningly swift end to Afghanistan's 20-year war, as thousands of people mobbed the city's airport trying to flee the group's feared hardline brand of Islamist rule.
16/30 SLIDES © WAKIL KOHSAR, AFP via Getty Images
Farzia, 28, who lost her husband in Baghlan one week ago to fighting by the Taliban sits with her children, Subhan, 5, and Ismael ,2, in a tent at a makeshift IDP camp in Share-e-Naw park to various mosques and schools on Aug. 12, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan. People displaced by the Taliban advancing flooded into the Kabul capital to escape the Taliban takeover of their provinces. Days later, the Taliban seized Kabul and took over the country.
17/30 SLIDES © Emrah Gurel, AP
Displaced Afghans look through a fence at a makeshift IDP camp in Share-e-Naw park to various mosques and schools on Aug. 12, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan.
18/30 SLIDES © WAKIL KOHSAR, AFP via Getty Images
A stranded Afghan national carries his son at the Pakistan-Afghanistan border crossing point in Chaman on Aug. 13, 2021, after the Taliban took control of the Afghan border town in a rapid offensive across the country.
19/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
Displaced Afghans arrive at a makeshift camp from the northern provinces desperately leaving their homes behind on Aug. 10, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan.
20/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
Afghans trying to get into Hamid Karzai International Airport in August 2021.
21/30 SLIDES © -, AFP via Getty Images
Internally displaced Afghan families, who fled from the northern province due to battle between Taliban and Afghan security forces, sit in the courtyard of the Wazir Akbar Khan mosque in Kabul on Aug. 13, 2021.
22/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
Displaced Afghan families head into Kabul from the northern provinces desperately leaving their homes behind on Aug. 10, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan. Afghan families from Kunduz, Takhar and Baghlan provinces arrived in Kabul in greater numbers, fleeing the Taliban advance.
23/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein/Getty Images
Afghan families cross the border into Pakistan from Afghanistan, in Chaman, Pakistan, Thursday, Aug. 19, 2021. Chaman, is a key border crossing between Pakistan and Afghanistan, normally thousands of Afghans and Pakistanis cross daily and a steady stream of trucks passes through, taking goods to Afghanistan.
24/30 SLIDES © WAKIL KOHSAR, AFP via Getty Images
Displaced Afghans from the northern provinces are evacuated from a makeshift IDP camp in Share-e-Naw park to various mosques and schools on Aug. 12, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan. People displaced by the Taliban advancing flooded into the Kabul capital to escape the Taliban takeover of their provinces.
25/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
Displaced Afghans from the northern provinces are evacuated from a makeshift IDP camp in Share-e-Naw park to various mosques and schools on Aug. 12, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan.
26/30 SLIDES © AP
Displaced Afghans from the northern provinces are evacuated from a makeshift IDP camp in Share-e-Naw park to various mosques and schools on Aug. 12, 2021 in Kabul, Afghanistan.
27/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
Internally displaced Afghan boy from northern provinces, who fled his home due to fighting between the Taliban and Afghan security personnel, take refuge in a public park Kabul, Afghanistan, Friday, Aug. 13, 2021.
28/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
29/30 SLIDES © Paula Bronstein, Getty Images
30/30 SLIDES © Rahmat Gul, AP
This article originally appeared on USA TODAY: Fact check: Biden didn't 'gift' weapons to Taliban, hasn't proposed banning pistols
Mullah's rise charts Taliban's long road back to power .
The Taliban's top political leader, who made a triumphal return to Afghanistan this week, battled the U.S. and its allies for decades but then signed a landmark peace agreement with the Trump administration. Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar is now expected to play a key role in negotiations between the Taliban and officials from the Afghan government that the militant group deposed in its blitz across the country. The Taliban say they seek an “inclusive, Islamic” government and claim they have become more moderate since they last held power.
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The Taliban's recapture of Afghanistan has sparked fears of an al Qaeda and ISIS revival
PHOTOS: The Taliban flew a Black Hawk helicopter over a parade of military equipment captured when it...
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0.979157 |
Meta Stack Overflow , Stack Overflow Public questions & answers , Stack Overflow help chat ,Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!
Try this code;
add_action('template_redirect', 'woo_custom_redirect_after_purchase');
function woo_custom_redirect_after_purchase() {
global $wp;
global $product;
if (is_checkout() && !empty($wp - > query_vars['order-received'])) {
$order_id = isset($wp - > query_vars['order-received']) ? intval($wp - > query_vars['order-received']) : 0;
$order = new WC_Order($order_id);
$items = $order - > get_items();
foreach($items as $item) {
$product_id = $item['product_id'];
}
wp_redirect('http://example.com/success.php?pid='.$product_id);
exit;
}
}
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How can I ask for customer id number as part of payment information? I am looking/expection a short filter, snippet to add to my functions.php Not a whole plugin. Thanks, Mulli June 16, 2020 How can I ask for customer id number as part of payment information? I am looking/expection a short filter, snippet to add to my functions.php Not a whole plugin. Thanks Reply Rodolfo Melogli June 27, 2020 Hi Mulli, thanks so much for your comment! Yes, this is definitely possible, but I’m afraid it’s custom work. If you’d like to get a quote, feel free to contact me here. Thanks a lot for your understanding! Reply ,Hooks (do_action and apply_filters) use additional arguments which are passed on to the function. If they allow you to use the “$order” object you’re in business. Here’s how to get all the order information:,It’s also possible to gain $order information if you are in an email template. This can be helpful to show additional $order information in your transactional communications or trigger custom functions. Either way, enjoy!
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In early 2008 when I started working in WordPress/WooCommerce I hardly know StackOverflow and WooCommerce API, so I had to write several API for some of our web service. Then I had written this function to get order details by order/post ID. Hope this function will be helpful for you as well., How to Get Order Details by Order ID ,WooCommerce Shipment Tracking is an awesome paid plugin that you must have! If you want to add this in your custom order detail function then just add below code in above mentions.,First add getOrderDetailById() to your active theme functions.php or to any active plugin PHP file. Then call getOrderDetailById() from anywhere in your app by passing the Order ID like below.
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Other "product-details" queries related to "Get ordered product details (ID, quantity) in functions.php file of theme - WooCommerce"
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PETS WILL LOVE THE ITEMS YOU FIND HERE! HAPPY PETS HAPPY LIFE Dogs have been in a mutually beneficial relationship with humans for at least 12,000 to 14,000 yearsas shown by archeological evidence. From the DNA evidence, it may be that the process began ten times that long ago
Is the relationship between dogs and humans an example of Symbiosis? Symbiosis Symbiotic relationships can be beneficial or negative where one organism benefits and the other does not A symbiotic relationship between the two species lends itself to such a friendly dynamic, but sophomore Stephan Sweeney believes that dogs and humans share the same love for each other, with emotions playing a large role as well. To junior Abigail Smith, there is not just one aspect of dogs that humans love the most, but many
According to Groves: The human-dog relationship amounts to a very long-lasting symbiosis. Dogs acted as human's alarm systems, trackers, and hunting aides, garbage disposal facilities, hot water.. The symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans was always a mutualistic one, because the relationship benefits both species. When they were first domesticated, dogs would warn their human tribe of incoming predators or strangers, while the dogs were provided with food and shelter
I think the relationship with dogs as with all domesticated beasts is not what caused human weakness but was the product of it. For example our weak noses are not the cause of the dog being our companion but the dog is our companion because we have weak noses. Man is a user of resources and other animals are just resources Parasitic relationship is a kind of symbiotic relationship. Human - dog relationship are at least commensal Commensalism - Wikipedia, we feed the dog but don't benefits of the dog. But, dog-human relation is mostly mutualist Mutualism (biology) - Wikipedia, we feed the dog and we are using the company and the protection or skills from the dog The dog-human connection in evolution Evolutionary theorists have long recognized that the domestication of animals represented a major change in human life, providing not just a close-at-hand food source, but also non-human muscle power and a host of other advantages The relationship began—well, nobody knows exactly when it began. The earliest remains of humans and dogs interred together date to 14,000 years ago, but there are some unconfirmed finds that are.. Both humans and dogs are social creatures, so the partnership is mutually beneficial. People and dogs help each other
The first dimension, Symbiotic Relationship (eigenvalue =16.04), describes the mutually beneficial bond between person and dog. This component is a combination of enjoying the nurturing component of having a dog along with the benefits received by both parties Dogs and humans are social group species who have developed a symbiotic relationship, because, it is thought, that they have evolved alongside each other Ever since the domestication of dogs was achieved, humans have developed a cooperative relationship with them; for example, dogs were bred for purposes such as hunting, guarding, and herding (Coppinger & Schneider, 1995) Humans are social animals and so are dogs. That's what makes the partnership so pure and natural. It's like a symbiotic relationship where the dogs lessen their owner's emotional and physical worries. On the other hand, the owners provide nourishment and care for their furry companions. That's why mental health specialists are. The human-dog relationship Bonding between humans and dogs Ever since the domestication of dogs was achieved, humans have developed a coopera-tive relationship with them; for example, dogs were bred for purposes such as hunting,guard-ing, and herding (Coppinger & Schneider, 1995).In recent times,dogs have become mor
The result was a symbiotic relationship. Dogs now had a far more reliable source of food and protection. In return they provided companionship and protection to their human symbionts. Meanwhile, human tribes who learned to form relationships with dogs would have had a huge advantage over those that didn't Human- canine bonding is the relationship between dogs and humans. This bond can be traced back at least 15,000 years ago to the Bonn-Oberkassel dog that was found buried with two humans. In the United States, over 48% of households have a pet dog. Do dogs and humans have a symbiotic relationship Human-canine bonding is the relationship between dogs and humans.This bond can be traced back at least 15,000 years to the Bonn-Oberkassel dog that was found buried with two humans. For centuries, dogs have been labeled as man's best friend, offering companionship and loyalty to their human counterparts.This is evident in most homes where dogs are domesticated Having a pet such as dog certainly brightens your life as they have a spectacular ability to communicate with you. Dogs not only become very attached to their owners, but the owners in turn get..
Humans provided dogs with food and security All modern dogs are believed to have descended from the Eurasian grey wolf, one subspecies of which branched off and began interacting with humans between 30,000 and 40,000 years ago, probably of.. 'We found that dogs' relationships with women might have had a greater impact on the dog-human bond than relationships with men,' said author Jaime Chambers. kind of symbiotic [mutually. in the relationship between dogs and humans. She thinks the basis of the success of the relationship is the fact that both humans and dogs are social animals, and that some reciprocal affection is possible. Also, the fact that hunting techniques of both species complement each other has lead to the success of the domestication. A slightly differen While dogs and humans are in some sense competitors, eating many of the same foods, the partnership worked out to their mutual benefit. Dogs shared in the bounty of the hunts they participated in and did their own hunting for smaller prey. Their friendship with humans allowed them to become one of the most successful mammals on the continent
Domestic Pets : Symbiosis with Human
Humans live in symbioses of various intensities with a number of domesticated animals and plants. To varying degrees, these cultural symbioses are mutualistic, with both humans and the other species benefitting. For example, all important agricultural plants exist in tight mutualisms with humans
g the dog (the host). This is caused by the tick biting the dog. The tick will inject diseases into the dog/victim. The ticks can be very serious and cause illnesses towards dogs and any other living things
Human, dog and sheep eventually formed a complex relationship, the foundation of what we now know as civilization. People cleared the land for sheep and protected them, receiving in return their milk, fleece and meat. Dogs guarded the sheep, and obtained in return a share of their meat from human beings
How long have we as humans had dogs in our lives? How did dog evolution create the near-symbiotic relationship we have today? Going back to the very beginning seems like the most straightforward approach ― the beginning here being roughly 30,000 years ago. That's around when dogs are believed to have split from wolves
Dogs were subsequently rewarded with shelter, food, and affection. It was a celebration of the symbiotic relationship between dogs and man. Though the exact date of dog domestication is not known, some scientists believe it was approximately 30,000 years ago
Dogs were subsequently rewarded with shelter, food and affection-indicative of a symbiotic relationship. Though the exact date of dog domestication is not known, some scientists believe it was approximately 30,000 years ago. Today dog owners are gratified and awestruck by their innate ability to love their dog, while also experiencing an ever.
Dog and Human Genomes Evolved Together. Evolution shaped genes in humans and dogs that correspond to diet, behavior, and disease, according to a new study. The bond between dogs and humans is. Dogs and humans co-evolved for mutually beneficial traits, so it could be argued that the relationship has symbiotic features, yes. we give them food, shelter, and a sense of belonging, and they give us love, joy, and a sense of belonging. They also have many utilitarian values depending on the breed The domesticated dog has evolved to be quite dependent upon humans. Though dogs can still often survive in the wild, they thrive through the care humans can provide. We must be responsible dog owners and fulfill their basic needs : food, shelter, healthcare and so on Humans and dogs, by contrast, adore each other. The relationship began—well, nobody knows exactly when it began. The earliest remains of humans and dogs interred together date to 14,000 years ago, but there are some unconfirmed finds that are said to be more than twice as old. The larger point is the meaning of the discoveries: we lived with.
Is the relationship between dogs and humans an example of
g that they make the meat tender in doing so, in torturing the animals,
Domesticated canines and humans have developed a symbiotic relationship over the course of the past 100,000 years or so maybe longer. the symbiotic relationship between man and dog. Perhaps even native American in its origin. I feel certain that dogs are a man's best friend is a cultured, civilized, western European catchphrase and.
d was the relationship of microbes between humans and one of our favorite pets, dogs. By researching this topic, I found it so astounding that I decided to write about it
Unauthorized use is prohibited. Opinion: We Didn't Domesticate Dogs. They Domesticated Us. Scientists argue that friendly wolves sought out humans. In the story of how the dog came in from the.
317. Dogs are humanity's oldest friends, renowned for their loyalty and abilities to guard, hunt and chase. But modern humans may owe even more to them than we previously realised. We may have.
Dogs and Humans: The Relationship That Changed The World
Dogs acted as human's alarm systems, trackers and hunting aids, garbage disposal facilities, hot-water bottles and children's guardians and playmates. Humans provided dogs with food and security. This symbiotic relationship was stable for over 100,000 years and intensified into mutual domestication,' said Dr. Groves
g the frigid and unforgiving tundra of northern Eurasia during the last glacial maximum (approximately 22,000 years ago) began.
So to summarise the argument of, Humans, Dogs & Civilization: The presence of early humans created an ecological niche which dogs, already in existence as a separate species, (maybe subspecies) were able to exploit, by attaching themselves to humans and creating a unique symbiotic partnership
When it comes to humans, obvious Symbiotic Relationship Examples happen with animals. For example, cats and dogs give their owner love and affection, shelter, food and proper care. Thus, both species can benefit from this. Commensalism; Symbiotic Relationship Examples are numerous. Another type to consider is commensalism
Why Are Humans and Dogs So Good at Living Together
The history of human-dog relationships is a long one. According to most theories, domestication of dogs began between 10,000 and 14,000 years ago, and fossil evidence dated 8400 BCE suggests that the dog was the earliest animal domesticated by man (Fox 2, 242). Eventually, dogs came to share a symbiotic relationship with humans that
Overall. the story of dog cognitive evolution seems to be one about cognitive capacities shaped for a close cooperative relationship with humans, Santos says. Because dogs were shaped to.
d venturing into the deepest, darkest places that no human psyche was ever meant to expose
The authors call the first factor symbiotic relationship and describe how symbiotic relationships reflect that owning a dog is emotionally beneficial to the owner. The next factor, dog-oriented-self concept, describes the common tendency for people to use dogs as expressions of themselves (e.g., upscale designer-chic person has.
The brains of dogs are not hardwired to spot human faces, according to a new study, but pet pooches have learnt to use sound and scent to recognise their owners. While humans use faces as a visual.
Symbiotic Relationships Chart There are four types of symbiosis you will explore today. Commensalism is a symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism neither benefits nor is harmed. Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit. Symbiosis is an ecological interaction between two organisms
Could the human dog relationship be considered symbiotic
Originally, humans likely had a symbiotic relationship with their canine associates. The wolves evolving into dogs were getting easy meals and warmth and the hunter-gatherers were perhaps getting much-needed help to bring down prey larger than themselves
ids could have managed without dogs. > >(a) Are you clai
The Bond Between Humans and Dogs in Jack London's The Call of the Wild 762 Words | 4 Pages. The Relationship between Humans and Dogs As the dogs pull the sleigh with all their might through the thick winter snow, they are forced to move forward by the Law of the Club in the fictional book, The Call of the Wild by Jack London
Mutualism. When people use the word symbiosis, they're usually talking about a mutualistic symbiotic relationship.Mutualism is a close, long-lasting relationship where both parties benefit. Organisms can use other organisms for cleaning, protection or gathering food. In some mutualistic relationships, the organisms can't survive without each other
The new investigation, carried out by British, American and French scientists, suggests that the close relationship between dogs and humans was initially triggered by climatic challenges
Some cats, called therapy cats are trained to help ailing humans in a medically beneficial way to take advantage of the human-animal interaction for purposes of relaxation and healing. Therapy cats have been used as companions to help the recovery and well-being of people who have had strokes, [47] high blood pressure , [48] [49] anxiety.
Many animals have truly bizarre symbiotic relationships. The simple description of symbiosis is a mutually beneficial relationship involving physical contact between two organisms that are not of the same species. These relationships can be held together through cleanliness, protection, transportation, and even finding food The cultural record of the deep relationship between dogs and humans also challenges the idea of a dog as simply a tamed wild animal or working farm stock. 2 The earliest archeological evidence of the purposeful cohabitation of dogs and humans dates back about 12,000 years to canine bones found in Palestinian pet burial sites An article on Mailonline by Dan Bloom - Always a man's best friend: Dogs bred from wolves helped humans take over from Neanderthal rivals in Europe 40,000 years ago - looks at the symbiotic relationship between Homo sapiens - humans - and Canis lupus - wolves - and the significance this may have had over the demise of the Neanderthals At almost the other extreme of the pet spectrum are domestic dogs and cats. Both these latter species have the capacity to enter into bilateral relationships with us: They invest dependence and trust and, in return, receive care and affection, even love. The bond that is formed is bidirectional, symbiotic, and sometimes extremely intense
Heartworm disease due to Dirofilaria immitis continues to cause severe disease and even death in dogs and other animals in many parts of the world, even though safe, highly effective and convenient preventatives have been available for the past two decades. Moreover, the parasite and vector mosquito Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while the other species (the host) is harmed in a significant way. Parasitic activities are common in animal species. Parasites may live on the body or inside of the host. One good example of this relationship is the roundworm (parasite) that lives in the. Fleas are blood sucking ectoparasites on the body of host mammals, e.g. dogs. So the relationship is parasitic. Symbiosis means living together, in ecology it means interaction between two species: in this case the symbiotic relationship is facultative, i.e. not obligatory. Fleas derive advantage from this relationship while the association is injurious for the dogs
With early intervention, the veterinary can improve the human/animal relationship and the urban dogs welfare. scielo-abstract The domestication of the dog has led to a symbiotic relationship in which the dog's independence from humans is deferred The symbiotic relationship between dogs and fleas is classed as a parasitic symbiotic relationship. Three major classes of symbiotic relationships are mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism Humans have a lot of different pets, and I assume aliens would too. But the relationship between humans and dogs is kind of different. There aren't any other animals that have been as symbiotic for our survival, as well as being actual companions (maybe horses?) Dogs and island foxes likely competed with one another for food, however, and the impacts of dogs on island ecosystems may have been reduced by the presence of island foxes and the symbiotic relationship between dogs and humans. Dogs have been removed from all but one of the islands today, eliminating one of the few terres
Symbiotic Relationship: _____ Dog and the tick: Ticks live on dogs and feed off the dog's blood. They may also infect the dog with a parasite that can cause the dog to become quite sick. Dogs also are sometimes found to be very tired because a large volume of their blood has been drained Consistent with some other theories, the relationship probably began when humans were hunter gatherers, and the predecessor to the modern dog was useful during the hunt, and rewarded with scraps. 'Dogs acted as human's alarm systems, trackers and hunting aids, garbage disposal facilities, hot-water bottles and children's guardians and playmates. Humans provided dogs with food and security. This symbiotic relationship was stable for over 100,000 years and intensified into mutual domestication,' said Dr. Groves. In his opinion, humans domesticated dogs and dogs domesticated humans
Is the relationship between humans and dogs classed as
Symbiosis is a biological relationship between two specimens, through which one or both of them benefit. Sometimes, this relationship can be harmful to one of the parties. Take a closer look at symbiosis in the animal kingdom in the following article. Symbiosis is a term that comes from Greek, literally meaning 'living together' Terms in this set (50) all pets and animals captivated by humans today are examples of symbiosis. The humans care for the animals and plants, and in return the animals and plants act as food, or are simply observed. mutualism is the form of symbiosis when both organisms benefit off each other and trust each other like chihuahua and bulldog domesticated dogs breeds? a No. what we see today is purely result of human involved selective mutation. sure some may be more ancient but all we see is manmade. imagine in the wild and little chihuahua running away from..
This is important because many plants, like corn, don't create symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. How do humans benefit bacteria? The bacteria in our bodies help degrade the food we eat, help make nutrients available to us and neutralize toxins, to name a few examples[8]; [9]; [10] While both are dogs, their personalities will be a lot similar to their owners. In this case, it is easy for dogs and humans to form relationships. Summary. Evidently, the symbiotic relationship between dogs and human beings has significantly affected both species. As more people become dog owners, and rescue groups gang up to help stray dogs. What makes dogs so special to us, and how did this symbiotic relationship begin? Dogs were the first animal to be domesticated by humans. Image credit Dan Burr via Flickr: The dog-human relationship has a long history. Dogs were domesticated by humans before any other plant or animal, including food crops or livestock like horses and cattle. The Symbiotic Relationship of Pets and Their Humans. The gang's all here! Science offers us a lot of information on understanding the inner workings of your pets minds. They are food motivated or they are toy motivated. Modern cognitive psychology tells us that our companion pets don't do anything just because
Is the human-dog relation parasitic or symbiotic? - Quor
They offer love, loyalty, and companionship, and anyone who has ever formed a special bond with a dog can attest to the symbiotic relationship between humans and canines. But what happens to a dog.
Human selection would then have taken them the rest of the way to modern dogs. Humans and dogs, therefore, likely evolved a symbiotic relationship together, rather than humans domesticating fully wild wolves. Dogs have certainly thrived with their relationship with humans, far better than the wild ancestors they left behind
Dogs are highly attuned to human social cues. They don't just enjoy a symbiotic relationship with us; they are our social partners. So if an owner has a positive view of her relationship with her.
Looking Into Dog's Eyes Triggers Release Of Love Hormone Oxytocin: How Dogs Bond With Humans. A new study sheds light on the way humans and their dogs bond. It's all in the way they look at each other. Photo courtesy of Shutterstock. They say the eyes are the window the the soul. Cliché, yes, but if that saying was to apply to one thing.
Humans and horses have developed a unique Our relationship with horses is distinct from our relationships with cats and dogs; it's a symbiotic and dynamic process that.
Possibility Of A Symbiotic Relationship Between Humans And Other Species. Category. Science. Subcategory. Zoology, Biology. Topic. Animals, Human, Koala. Words. 1187 (3 pages) Downloads. 23. Download for Free. Watch out! This text is available online and is used for guidance and inspiration Humans have a long history of spotting superior abilities in other animals, and then training those animals to use those abilities to advance our own interests. Everyone's familiar with how we've trained pigs to sniff out truffles for us with their sensitive snouts and how we've domesticated dogs to herd our livestock, alert us t Built on a foundation of mutual love, trust, and respect, a healthy human-dog bond is virtually unparalleled by any other pair of different species within the animal kingdom. This symbiotic relationship features a boundless degree of affection and companionship that's enduring and unconditional until death do you part. In fact, owners. Fleas live on dogs and get food from dogs. Viruses and bacteria live in the human body and can reproduce and feed off of it. Aphids and ants live near each other; ants getfood and aphids get protected. Symbiosis - a relationship in which one organism lives on, near, or inside another and at least one of the organisms benefit.Draw a picture In fact, as the story of wolves and humans - regarded nowadays as the most likely hypothesis for the origin of the domesticated dog - shows us, it is far more likely that all domestication processes we've conducted through selective breeding started off as any ordinary natural symbiosis: unconsciously
The dog-human connection in evolution - Neuroanthropolog
One theory that explains the similarities between dogs and human children is the symbiotic relationships between the two species when wolves transitioned into dogs over the many thousands of years. The authors point to survival of the friendliest, in which those with more cooperative social behavior benefit 1. Symbiotic Relationship. This dimension describes a mutually beneficial bond between the dog owner and the dog. In this relationship, the human is happier, less stressed, less lonely, safer, and calmer, while the dog is treated like a child/person who is fed, cared for, and psychologically nurtured. 2. Dog-Oriented Self Concep
Why Dogs and Humans Love Each Other So Much Tim
Every dog lover has probably imagined the very first contact between dogs and humans. It is said that the symbiotic relationship between humans and dogs, which were originally competitors, has been established because of the increased tolerance in both species due to a decline in the stress response systems. The new chapter began a long, long. The Dog-Human Bond. The symbiotic relationship dogs have developed with humans — taking care of their physical needs in exchange for canine companionship — goes back several millennia and certainly plays a part in the bond humans share with dogs. But that doesn't explain the lengths a dog will go to for his human
Scientific Reasons Dogs Are Humans' Best Friend
Dogs that didn't run away from humans and also didn't try to eat weak humans had an advantage (food) that other dogs didn't. So humans were selected for being tolerant of dogs, and dogs were selected for being tolerant of humans, and the more one group changed, the more advantageous it was for the other to follow suit
Dogs have worked alongside man for centuries, hunting, herding, and helping us get where we need to go safely as we evolved alongside each other. Hieroglyphs depicting scenes from ancient Egypt and Greece showcase this symbiotic relationship between animal and human, and the working dog continues to thrive even to this day. With their enhanced.
g or helping the other)
Question 1 Parasitism - A symbiotic relation ship between two species in which one benefits and the other is harmed. (Ex): Ticks feeds on the blood of other animal's like cat , dog and bird Mutualism - A symbiotic relationship between two different types of organisms,in which each partner benefits from the relationship
Understanding dog-human companionship - ScienceDirec
Name one benefit of this symbiotic interrelationship for our human ancestors. prey detection. Modern hunter-gatherers that use dogs for hunting are a good example of a _____ relationship because the humans and the dogs both have skills utilized in the hunt and both benefit from the kil The symbiotic relationship between the two organisms is parasitism. This means that one organism benefits and the other doesn't. In this case the lice benefits from the humans head because of the warmth and it's need to feed off our blood. This relationship can be harmful to humans and the itching caused by lice can be difficult to tolerate Parasitic Relationships. A parasitic relationship is one in which one organism, the parasite, lives off of another organism, the host, harming it and possibly causing death. The parasite lives on or in the body of the host. A few examples of parasites are tapeworms, fleas, and barnacles A remarkable symbiotic relationship has been found between Ethiopian wolves and gelada monkeys, with implications for how humans formed their special bond with dogs. While Gelada monkeys.
Thesis. A Review of Dog-Human Communication and Its Effect ..
This is one type of symbiosis. Most people mean mutualism when they say symbiosis. Some examples of these relationships are things like dogs and humans, trees and squirrels, & fungi and trees. Humans give dogs shelter and food while dogs give humans protection and/or entertainment. Trees give squirrels acorns to eat or bury for winter Therefore, the relationship between the humans and the animals across the globe is mutual and at some point it is seen that the humans cannot live without animals and vice versa.According to the Orion magazine, there is the introduction of new dogs in town after realizing how the wild coyotes have decided to settle around some of the major.
A symbiosis is an etablished fact we observe in nature, not something that is orchestrated by humans. The cooperation between dogs and humans is the result of a coevolution. Working with dogs gave to humans a great advantage to survive (protecting the tribe, defending the cattle, helping to chase) Symbiosis or a symbiotic relationship, is one in which two different species have a long-term interaction with each other. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships in nature. The kinds of roles dogs fill can be hard to come by in human relationships. We touch the dog or the pet at whim. There is a lack of self-consciousness and a fluidity to it that is absent from most human relationships. If someone acted that way to you, you'd feel claustrophobic pretty quickly. It's a boundary violation. Votes: 1. Caroline Knap
Attachment between humans and dogs - NAGASAWA - 2009
Examples of symbiotic mutualism: Symbiosis of algae and coral: coral is an organism that grows well in poor nutrient areas in large part thanks to their symbiotic relationship with algae.The algae provides food and oxygen for the coral, while waste substances such as nitrogen and nitrogen dioxide helps sustain the algae.; Symbiosis of clownfish and sea anemones: you are likely to have seen.
Few mammals have symbiotic relationships with other animals. One exception is the raven and the wolf, causing ravens to sometimes be called wolf-birds. Their complex relationship is thousands of years old, benefiting both. It's this relationship with wolves that has caused me to be more observant of ravens around me, and to revere them
Humans domesticated dogs, and dogs domesticated humans. Of course, with this piece of history in place, Hollywood takes a leaf out of this wonderful symbiosis to share with us furry friendship tales - whether told from the dog's perspective or as a supporting character - films like, Marley and Me , Bolt , Hachi: A Dog's Tale have.
Acces PDF Human Canine Relationships Dog Behavior And Owner Perceptions to a very long-lasting symbiosis. Dogs acted as human's alarm systems, trackers, and hunting aides, garbage disposa
There is 5 different types of symbiotic relatioships. Symbiotic relationships are formed when one species interacts with another. The 5 symbiotic relatioships are Predation, Parasitism, Competition, Mutualism, and Commensalism. Predation is a biological interaction where a predator feeds on its prey. Parasitism is a relationship between two things in which one of them benefits from the other
Dogs and Humans: An Eternal Love Story - Emotional Support
We've all heard the phrase fighting like cats and dogs, mainly to describe two animals (or humans, for that matter) that are always at odds with each other. However, relationships between cats and dogs are possible, depending on their personalities and their owners' patience and understanding Parasitism. Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which one species (the parasite) benefits while the other species (the host) is harmed.Many species of animals are parasites, at least during some stage of their life. Most species are also hosts to one or more parasites. Some parasites live on the surface of their host. Others live inside their host Symbiotic Relationships April 22, 2020. High School Environmental Science Lesson: April 22, 2020 Bacteria live in the colon of humans and are able to feed off the indigestible food that the human body cannot break down. More Practice Questions 6. Ticks live on dogs and feed off the dog's blood, they may also infect the dog Southern Heart Veterinary Hospital (design showing the symbiotic relationship between cat/dog/human; For a small animal Veterinary hospital dealing mostly with cats and dogs. Cherishing the symbiotic Relationship between animals and humans. In a country suburb of Raleigh NC. The Brief. Color inspiration. The Brief. Design style. Economical The symbiotic relationship between hookworms and humans is parasitism; which means when one benefits and the other is harmed.It is important to note that there are more recent studies showing that.
Attachment between humans and dogs - Wile
While a pet is generally kept for the pleasure that it can give to its owner, often, especially with horses, dogs, and cats, as well as with some other animals, this pleasure appears to be mutual. Thus, pet keeping can be described as a symbiotic relationship, one that benefits both animals and human beings
dog and cat symbiotic relationship; dog and cat symbiotic relationship. Posted by; Categories Uncategorized; Date January 10, 2021; Comments 0 comment.
400. The shrimp eats parasites, dead tissue, and mucus off of the fish, getting a meal, while the fish gets cleaned. What symbiotic relationship is shown between the fish and shrimp? Mutualism
Survival instincts drive humans into the mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships we have formed with our domestic animals. Symbiosis is when two dissimilar species gain mutual benefit from a relationship. We were amazed to discover a myriad of symbiotic relationships between dissimilar species, all obtaining mutual benefits from the.
There are 3 symbiotic relationships: • Mutualism: - A relationship where both species benefit. • Tapeworm in Human - Tapeworms live in the intestines of humans and consume materials the host (the human) need! - Tapeworm thrives, the human is harmed. Examples of Parasitism: • Tick on Dog - Ticks attach themselves on to the skin.
Ideally, the relationship is symbiotic. Votes: 2. If a person loves only one other person and is indifferent to all others, his love is not love but a symbiotic attachment, or an enlarged egotism. Votes: 2. I've discovered just how symbiotic the relationship is between writers, directors and actors
Mutualism is a mutually beneficial relationship between two or more different kinds of organisms in direct contact with each other. There are two types - symbiotic and non-symbiotic mutualism. In symbiotic mutualism, both organisms interact physically, and their relationship is biologically essential for survival
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Sochi: Shaun White Fails To Medal In Halfpipe, Matt Lauer Fails & More Highlights, Lowlights From Day 6!
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Sochi: Shaun White Fails To Medal In Halfpipe, Matt Lauer Fails & More Highlights, Lowlights From Day 6!
By:Radar Staff
Feb. 12 2014, Published 11:32 a.m. ET
We've got all of Wednesday's latest updates from the Winter Olympics in Sochi, right here on RadarOnline.com.
Scoreboard
The United States tumbled from fourth to sixth place following Tuesday's showing, as Americans have accounted for two gold medals (snowboarders Sage Kotsenburg & Jamie Anderson), one silver, and four bronzes through Tuesday evening. With five gold medals and one silver, Germany is currently at the front of the pack, followed by Norway and Canada, respectively.
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Lauer Continues Pinch-Hitting
Matt Lauer will continue to cover for NBC network mate Bob Costas, who's recovering from a double eye infection that have left his eyes "blurry and watery." Costas told TODAY that he doesn't "feel that bad," and has worked sick plenty of times, "but in this case it's just involuntary." Costas said that his eyes have "become so light-sensitive, that even in dim light, they're constantly tearing up. I can't possibly be in the studio, so it's not a case of just saying, 'What the heck, I'll go in not feeling well.'" Lauer, confirming what Radar reported, joked to his colleague Wednesday, "I had to go in early, not to practice my lines, but to Lysol your whole dressing room."
Not Currying Up Favor With Viewers
A number of viewers took to Twitter during Tuesday's broadcast, panning Lauer for his work in Costas' chair, and rehashing his infamous behind-the-scenes controversy that led to Ann Curry's dismissal two years ago. Among the tweets: @LoRo214: It's only been an hour, and I'm already over Matt Lauer. #bringbobback #pinkeye #Olympics2014; @Krystyn88: For sure I thought that Bob Costas with 2 pink eyes was terrible. And then they brought in Matt Lauer; @ChrisRossSports: Not to be mean, but how funny would it be if Matt Lauer got pink eye?; @DaleMoss2: I quit Matt Lauer after he did the O'Jays "Backstabbers" to Ann Curry; and @CynicalMother: First Ann Curry. Now Bob Costas' eye. Coincidence? I think not. Watch your back Roker. Lauer is coming after you next. #Olympics2014.
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Last Chance?
Shaun White, coming off Tuesday's disappointing fourth-place finish in the men's half-pipe at Rosa Khutor Extreme Park, said he believes he'll saddle up for the 2018 games in South Korea. While the 27-year-old failed in his run at a historic third gold medal in a row, the snowboarding icon wasn't too deterred by the loss in the contest, which was won by Switzerland's Iouri Podladtchikov. White told TODAY Wednesday, “I thought about it plenty of times, just countless, running it through my head what I could have done … I’m happy, though. I move on from here. I don’t think it makes or breaks my career this one night, but definitely a disappointment.” The fan favorite, who fell short of becoming the seventh Olympian ever to win three consecutive gold medals in the Winter Games, admitted that after his amazing run, he's still stinging some from Tuesday's upset. “I’ve dealt with this a lot when I was younger, just coming up in the ranks of the sport … it feels like old times I guess, but I’ve learned a lot from it."
Watch the video on RadarOnline.com
=false&thruParam_espn-uiplayRelatedExternally=true"
It Takes A Village
Of 230 Olympians competing for the red, white and blue, Team USA's oldest participant is Chicago native Ann Swisshelm, 45, a lead curler some three decades older than the youngest member, 15-year-old freestyle skier Maggie Voisin. The 5'9, 150-pound athlete has been active in curling since the age of 10, and made her Olympic debut in 2002. She told the Chicago Tribune she won't be giving the Winter Games another go after Sochi, adding, "It's time for the next generation."
Dilemma
It was a clear Catch 22 for NBC and Brian Williams Tuesday as to how to report the news of White's defeat, with 10 hours left until the upset aired in the United States. News is news, however, and Williams bit the bullet and delivered the tidbit on NBC's Nightly News with no spoiler alert, upsetting some, but informing all.
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UN Special Rapporteur Vicky Tauli Corpuz discusses the international trade deal known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership which is being negotiated by Canada,The United States, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Singapore, Brunei, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. She confirms that Indigenous Peoples must be consulted before these deals are negotiated.
UNSR on the impact of the TPP on Indigenous Peoples
UN Special Rapporteur Vicky Tauli Corpuz discusses the international trade deal known as the Trans-Pacific Partnership which is being negotiated by Canada,The United States, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Singapore, Brunei, Japan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. She discusses why governments are pushing for it, and its implications for Indigenous Peoples.
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Article By: Tatiana Newman Craziness seems to be a new normal ever since March of last year. With major celebrities dying, a pandemic outbreak and a wild election, everything has been pretty insane. Unfortunately, another emergency is occurring in the United States. A snowstorm hit the state of Texas. It is believed that the snowfall in Texas was caused by climate change. Margaret Vaughn-Foster wrote, “I think that the people in Texas have to face the consequences of climate change, and this crisis might help them do that.”
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Over the last few months and years, we have all witnessed the numerous ways COVID-19 can leave a lasting impact on a person’s life and health. Ongoing problems can occur for anyone who has contracted COVID-19, not just those who have been hospitalized or faced serious illness.
The list of potential lasting effects is a long one, ranging from balance difficulty, dizziness, headaches, decreased endurance, shortness of breath, fatigue, muscle weakness and pain, to cognitive deficits and complications from clotting such as stroke, amputations and brain injury.
To help patients recovering from the COVID-19 virus regain strength and quality of life, Baylor Scott and White Institute for Rehabilitation Outpatient Services developed the Recovery and Reconditioning program.
Lasting effects of COVID-19
For many people, lingering symptoms make returning to daily life and work after COVID-19 a challenge. For hospitalized patients, these symptoms coupled with the effects of prolonged hospitalization can cause long lasting impacts that significantly decrease quality of life and ability to participate in normal activities.
Take these statistics, for example:
55 percent of people experience ongoing fatigue months after discharge from the hospital.
42 percent still have shortness of breath months after discharge.
34 percent reported ongoing memory loss.[1]
78 percent of patients developed cardiac involvement following a COVID diagnosis with 60 percent of them experiencing ongoing myocardial inflammation
This was regardless of pre-existing conditions, severity and overall course of disease. It is also important to mention that these effects can happen even in people who recover at home without the need for hospitalization. Many people feel lucky that they survived with a “minor” case and don’t know there is help for their ongoing symptoms.
Related: “COVID toes” and other surprising skin symptoms of coronavirus
Recovery and Reconditioning program
The goal of the Recovery and Reconditioning program is to help bridge this gap for patients recovering from the COVID-19 virus by identifying and addressing their individual needs. With input from infectious disease, internal and physical medicine doctors, the program is designed to specifically address multisystem illnesses such as COVID-19, the flu, cardiovascular disease, pneumonia and post-hospitalization difficulties.
We offer a full continuum of care for patients across four inpatient rehab hospitals, five intensive day neuro programs for those with more intensive needs and more than 100 outpatient centers. Each clinic creates a safe and welcoming environment for physical, occupational and speech therapists to provide education and specific treatments to meet the unique needs of each patient in order to improve their quality of life and function.
Depending on your condition, physical ability and comfort level, we are also able to offer treatment virtually via telerehab. In-person and via telerehab, the Recovery and Reconditioning team members monitor specific vital signs shown to be impacted by COVID-19, educate on risk factors and use the most up-to-date treatment guidelines.
With any illness — COVID-19 included — every person’s road to recovery is different. Recovery and Reconditioning provides a safe, personalized program to address your specific needs and partner together to bring healing and build strength.
As we all navigate this pandemic together, it is a privilege to play a part in helping people get back to their lives after illness. It is our passion and mission to provide help and hope to everyone in our communities.
Are you or a loved one experiencing the lasting effects of COVID-19? Get help today.
[1] Dr. David Webber, UNC, September 20, 2020 Society for HealthCare Epidemiology Town Hall Meeting
About the author
Stefanie McNeal, PT, DPT
More articles
Stefanie McNeal, PT, DPT, is the director of quality at Baylor Scott & White Institute for Rehabilitation – Outpatient Services.
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Airturn set up
Wiebe
Hello, I received my DIGIT III this today and I tried to install at, but it is so easy for me. this is what I would like to use.
I use this program for two reasons.
1 Use when I sing with mp3 soundtrack, here I don't really need DIGIT III
2 I would like to use it when singing with a rock band. I don't really know how tu install text without soundtrack, can any body help me with this?
And once text installed, I would like to use DIGIT III to move text up and to change from one song to the next one.
So, would this be possible and when yes, how to do this.
Thanks in advance
Wiebe
peter
Yes that's possible.
To add only lyrics without audio, add a "Lyrics only song": https://stagetraxx.com/user-guide/songs/#lyrics-only-song
To assign commands to your DIGIT keys please take a look here: https://stagetraxx.com/user-guide/remote/
Wiebe
peter
Thank's Peter, but I did not find "Lyrics only song", could yo indicate where it can be found?
Concerning DIGITIII, I looked at this before already, but it was not very clear to me.
peter
The first link points to the manual where you can find it. Make sure you have the latest version 3.4.0 installed, go to the songs tab and tap on "+".
Wiebe
Thanks Peter, I followed your indications and I added text to the "Edit Lyrics". However when I wanted to show it on the normal way, as with music, there were no lyrics.
I also tried multiple "Multi track songs" and there I found the lyrics as usual.
My version is, as you mentioned 3.4.0
Another question when moving lyrics up, it moves up halve a page, I would like to move up a complete page. Is this possible?
peter
What do you mean by "show it on the normal way"? If you enter lyrics they will be shown in the big player view. So I don't understand why you did not see them. Or do you mean that the big player did not open automatically?
Regarding the scroll command: no, a single tap on the scroll button will always leave a couple of lines of the current page visible to easy orientation.
Maybe you might want to try the timecoding feature. It can be easily added and will take care of the scrolling automatically.
Damir
peter Another question when moving lyrics up, it moves up halve a page, I would like to move up a complete page. Is this possible?
This i also totally agree with because when you are done with that page you expect a whole new page to appear when you press the remote.
Half a page turn means you double your work for no reason, its sort of a in between a scroll function and a page turn, perhaps an option to choose if you need a scroll or a page turn.
DickyDutch
I also agree - to be able to scroll lyrics a page at a time would be very useful.
Wiebe
DickyDutch
Hi DickyDutch, are you Dutch by enchante, so am I.
Wiebe
Ok, I did not use the right word, what I mean, the lyrics are not visible on the big player view. But when I used "Multi track songs" it showed the lyrics.
So what did I do wrong with "Lyrics only song"
peter
Wiebe Ok, I did not use the right word, what I mean, the lyrics are not visible on the big player view. But when I used "Multi track songs" it showed the lyrics.
I don't have an explanation for this. If you want you can send me a database only backup and I can take a look at it.
Regarding the full page scroll: I will rename the current command to half page scroll and add a full page scroll command.
DickyDutch
Wiebe No I’m English but my surname is Holland!
Wiebe
Thanks Peter, but without changing any thing, it shows lyrics in the big player.
I have another question for you, is it possible to reduce the start up time, some songs take too long to get started.
Wiebe
Sorry Peter, I come back on my earlier statement concerning "Lyrics only" It does not show lyrics on the big player any more. I will try to send you a copy by database only back up.
Wiebe
Hi Peter it's me again, but where do I send it to? can you give me an address please.
Wiebe
peter
Send it to [email protected]. And tell me in the email which song I should look at. A database only backup is fine.
Regarding the song start: you can adjust the start time here: https://stagetraxx.com/user-guide/song-editing/#playback-trim
Wiebe
Ok Peter I send you the back up Database only back up.
I noticed when All-Right 2 and 3 are on the playlist the "Lyrics only functions correctly, but if I remove All-Right now from the playlist. All-Right Now 2 does not show any lyrics on the big player. Very strange.
peter
I looked at it and the lyrics only version works fine. Make sure the big player is open. It does not open automatically für lyrics only songs when hitting play as there is no play for lyrics only songs. So just open the big player manually by tapping on the song title in the mini player.
Wiebe
Thanks again Peter, I tried and it worked. But I couldn't find the explication in the manuel.
But anyway you'r a big help for me.
peter
Please take a look at the overview chapter. It describes which view does what: https://stagetraxx.com/user-guide/overview/
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0.997358 |
Defamation (also known as calumny, vilification, libel, slander, or traducement) is the oral or written communication of a false statement about another that unjustly harms their reputation and usually constitutes a tort or crime.[1] In several countries, including South Korea,[2] a true statement can also be considered defamation.
Under common law, to constitute defamation, a claim must generally be false and must have been made to someone other than the person defamed.[3] Some common law jurisdictions also distinguish between spoken defamation, called slander, and defamation in other media such as printed words or images, called libel.[4] In the United States, false light laws protect against statements which are not technically false but are misleading.[5]
In some jurisdictions, defamation is also treated as a crime.[6] The United Nations Human Rights Committee ruled in 2012 that the libel law of one country, the Philippines, was inconsistent with Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights as well as urging that "State parties [to the Covenant] should consider the decriminalization of libel".[7] In Saudi Arabia, defamation of the state, or a past or present ruler, is punishable under terrorism legislation.[8] Template:TOC limit
Contents
1 Overview
2 Types
2.1 Slander
2.2 Libel
2.2.1 Cases involving libel
2.2.2 Proving libel
2.3 Scandalum magnatum
3 Criminal defamation
3.1 Early cases of criminal defamation
4 History
5 Defences
5.1 Truth
5.2 Privilege and malice
5.3 Other defenses
5.4 Public figure doctrine (absence of malice)
6 Freedom of speech
7 Laws by jurisdiction
7.1 Internationally
7.2 Asia
7.2.1 Azerbaijan
7.2.2 China
7.2.3 India
7.2.4 Israel
7.2.5 Japan
7.2.6 Nepal
7.2.7 Malaysia
7.2.8 Philippines
7.2.9 Saudi Arabia
7.2.10 South Korea
7.2.11 Former Soviet Union
7.2.12 Taiwan
7.2.13 Thailand
7.2.13.1 Civil
7.2.13.2 Criminal
7.3 Europe
7.3.1 Albania
7.3.2 Austria
7.3.3 Belgium
7.3.4 Bulgaria
7.3.5 Croatia
7.3.6 Czech Republic
7.3.7 Denmark
7.3.8 Finland
7.3.9 France
7.3.10 Germany
7.3.11 Greece
7.3.12 Ireland
7.3.13 Italy
7.3.14 Netherlands
7.3.15 Norway
7.3.16 Poland
7.3.17 Portugal
7.3.18 Spain
7.3.19 Sweden
7.3.20 Switzerland
7.3.21 United Kingdom
7.3.21.1 England and Wales
7.3.21.2 Scotland
7.4 South America
7.4.1 Argentina
7.4.2 Brazil
7.4.3 Chile
7.4.4 Venezuela
7.5 North America
7.5.1 Canada
7.5.1.1 Criminal defamation
7.5.2 United States
7.5.2.1 Civil defamation
7.5.2.1.1 Defamation per se
7.5.2.1.2 Record awards
7.5.2.2 Criminal defamation
7.5.2.2.1 Group defamation
7.5.2.2.2 Beauharnais v. Illinois
7.5.3 Mexico
7.6 Australasia
7.6.1 Australia
7.6.2 New Zealand
7.7 Religious law
8 Related torts
9 See also
10 References
10.1 Citations
10.2 Sources
11 External links
Overview[]
As of 2017, at least 130 UNESCO member states retained criminal defamation laws.[9] In 2017, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Office of the Representative on Freedom of the Media issued a report on criminal defamation and anti-blasphemy laws among its member states, which found that defamation is criminalized in nearly three-quarters (42) of the 57 OSCE participating states. Many of the laws pertaining to defamation include specific provisions for harsher punishment for speech or publications critical of heads of state, public officials, state bodies and the state itself. The OSCE report also noted that blasphemy and religious insult laws exist in around one third of OSCE participating states;[10] many of these combine blasphemy and religious insult with elements of hate speech legislation.[10]
In Africa, at least four member states decriminalized defamation between 2012 and 2017. The ruling by the African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights in Lohé Issa Konaté v. the Republic of Burkina Faso set a precedent in the region against imprisonment as a legitimate penalty for defamation, characterizing it as a violation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the treaty of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
Countries in every region have moved to advance the criminalization of defamation by extending legislation to online content. Cybercrime and anti-terrorism laws passed throughout the world have led to bloggers appearing before courts, with some serving time in prison.[9] The United Nations, OSCE, Organisation of American States (OAS) and African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights Special Rapporteurs for Freedom of Expression stated in a joint declaration in March 2017 that "general prohibitions on the dissemination of information based on vague and ambiguous ideas, including 'false news' or 'non-objective information', are incompatible with international standards for restrictions on freedom of expression...and should be abolished."[9]
Types[]
Slander[]
The common law origins of defamation lie in the torts of "slander" (harmful statement in a transient form, especially speech) and "libel", each of which gives a common law right of action.
Defamation is the general term used internationally and is used in this article where it is not necessary to distinguish between "slander" and "libel". Libel and slander both require publication.[11] The fundamental distinction between libel and slander lies solely in the form in which the defamatory matter is published. If the offending material is published in some fleeting form, such as spoken words or sounds, sign language, gestures or the like, then it is slander.
Libel[]
Libel is defined as defamation by written or printed words, pictures, or in any form other than spoken words or gestures.[12] The law of libel originated in the 17th century in England. With the growth of publication came the growth of libel and development of the tort of libel.[13] In recent times, internet publications such as defamatory comments on social media can also constitute libel.
Cases involving libel[]
An early example of libel is the case of John Peter Zenger in 1735. Zenger was hired to publish New York Weekly Journal. When he printed another man's article that criticized William Cosby, who was then British Royal Governor of Colonial New York, Zenger was accused of seditious libel.[14] The verdict was returned as Not Guilty on the charge of seditious libel, because it was proven that all the statements Zenger had published about Cosby had been true, so there was not an issue of defamation. Another example of libel is the case of New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (1964). The U.S. Supreme Court overruled a state court in Alabama that had found The New York Times guilty of libel for printing an advertisement that criticized Alabama officials for mistreating student civil rights activists. Even though some of what The Times printed was false, the court ruled in its favor, saying that libel of a public official requires proof of actual malice, which was defined as a "knowing or reckless disregard for the truth".[15]
Proving libel[]
There are several things a person must prove to establish that libel has taken place. In the United States, a person must prove that the statement caused harm, and was made without adequate research into the truthfulness of the statement. This is for an ordinary citizen. For a celebrity or public official, one must prove that the statement was made with the intent to do harm or with reckless disregard for the truth,[16] which is usually specifically referred to as "actual malice".[17]
Scandalum magnatum[]
At one time, the honor of peers was especially protected by the law; while defamation of a commoner was known as libel or slander, the defamation of a peer (or of a Great Officer of State) was called scandalum magnatum, literally "the scandal of magnates."[18]
Criminal defamation[]
Template:See also
Many nations have criminal penalties for defamation in some situations, and different conditions for determining whether an offense has occurred. ARTICLE 19, a British free expression advocacy group, has published global maps[19] charting the existence of criminal defamation law across the globe, as well as showing countries that have special protections for political leaders or functionaries of the state.[20]
There can be regional statutes that may differ from the national norm. For example, in the United States, defamation is generally limited to the living. However, there are 7 states (Idaho, Kansas, Louisiana, Nevada, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Utah) that have criminal statutes regarding defamation of the dead.[21]
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has also published a detailed database on criminal and civil defamation provisions in 55 countries, including all European countries, all member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the United States and Canada.[22]
In a 2012 ruling on a complaint filed by a broadcaster who had been imprisoned for violating Philippine libel law, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights held that the criminalization of libel without provision of a public figure doctrine – as in Philippine criminal law – violates freedom of expression and is inconsistent with Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.[7]
Early cases of criminal defamation[]
Questions of group libel have been appearing in common law for hundreds of years. One of the earliest known cases of a defendant being tried for defamation of a group was the case of Rex v. Orme and Nutt (1700). In this case, the jury found that the defendant was guilty of libeling several subjects, though they did not specifically identify who these subjects were. A report of the case told that the jury believed that "where a writing … inveighs against mankind in general, or against a particular order of men, as for instance, men of the gown, this is no libel, but it must descend to particulars and individuals to make it libel."[23] This jury believed that only individuals who believed they were specifically defamed had a claim to a libel case. Since the jury was unable to identify the exact people who were being defamed, there was no cause to identify the statements were a libel.
Another early English group libel which has been frequently cited is King v. Osborne (1732). In this case, the defendant was on trial "for printing a libel reflecting upon the Portuguese Jews." The printing in question claimed that Jews who had arrived in London from Portugal burned a Jewish woman to death when she had a child with a Christian man, and that this act was common. Following Osborne's anti-Semitic publication, several Jews were attacked. Initially, the judge seemed to believe the court could do nothing since no individual was singled out by Osborne's writings. However, the court concluded that "since the publication implied the act was one Jews frequently did, the whole community of Jews was defamed."[24] Though various reports of this case give differing accounts of the crime, this report clearly shows a ruling based on group libel. Since laws restricting libel were accepted at this time because of its tendency to lead to a breach of peace, group libel laws were justified because they showed potential for an equal or perhaps greater risk of violence.[25] For this reason, group libel cases are criminal even though most libel cases are civil torts.
History[]
From early times, people have comprehended defamatory and injurious statements made in a public manner (convicium adversus bonos mores).
The Praetorian Edict, codified circa AD 130, declared that an action could be brought up for shouting at someone contrary to good morals: "qui, adversus bonos mores convicium cui fecisse cuiusve opera factum esse dicitur, quo adversus bonos mores convicium fieret, in eum iudicium dabo."[26] In this case the essence of the offense lay in the unwarrantable public proclamation. According to Ulpian, not all shouting was actionable. Drawing on the argument of Labeo, he asserted that the offense consisted in shouting contrary to the morals of the city ("adversus bonos mores huius civitatis") something apt to bring in disrepute or contempt ("quae... ad infamiam vel invidiam alicuius spectaret") the person exposed thereto.[27] Any act apt to bring another person into disrepute gave rise to an actio injurarum.[28] In such a case the truth of the statements was no justification for the public and insulting manner in which they had been made. But even in public matters, the accused had the opportunity to justify his actions by openly stating what he considered necessary for public safety to be denounced by the libel, and proving his assertions to be true.[29] The second head included defamatory statements made in private, and in this case the offense lay in the content of the imputation, not in the manner of its publication. The truth was therefore a sufficient defense, for no man had a right to demand legal protection for a false reputation.
Roman law was aimed at giving sufficient scope for the discussion of a man's character, while it protected him from needless insult and pain. The remedy for verbal defamation was long confined to a civil action for a monetary penalty, which was estimated according to the significance of the case, and which, although vindictive in its character, doubtless included practically the element of compensation. But a new remedy was introduced with the extension of the criminal law, under which many kinds of defamation were punished with great severity. At the same time increased importance attached to the publication of defamatory books and writings, the libri or libelli famosi, from which we derive our modern use of the word libel; and under the later emperors the latter term came to be specially applied to anonymous accusations or pasquils, the dissemination of which was regarded as particularly dangerous, and visited with very severe punishment, whether the matter contained in them were true or false.
In Anglo-Saxon England, slander was punished by cutting out the tongue.[30]
Defences[]
Even if a statement is defamatory, there are circumstances in which such statements are permissible in law.
Truth[]
Template:See also Proving adverse public character statements to be true is often the best defense against a prosecution for libel or defamation. Statements of opinion that cannot be proven true or false will likely need to apply some other kind of defense.
Another important aspect of defamation is the difference between fact and opinion. Statements made as "facts" are frequently actionable defamation. Statements of opinion or pure opinion are not actionable. Some jurisdictions decline to recognize any legal distinction between fact and opinion. To win damages in a libel case, the plaintiff must first show that the statements were "statements of fact or mixed statements of opinion and fact" and second that these statements were false. Conversely, a typical defense to defamation is that the statements are opinion, relying on opinion privilege. One of the major tests to distinguish whether a statement is fact or opinion is whether the statement can be proved true or false in a court of law. If the statement can be proved true or false, then, on that basis, the case will be heard by a jury to determine whether it is true or false. If the statement cannot be proved true or false, the court may dismiss the libel case without it ever going to a jury to find facts in the case.Template:Citation needed
Under English common law, proving the truth of the allegation was originally a valid defense only in civil libel cases. Criminal libel was construed as an offence against the public at large based on the tendency of the libel to provoke breach of peace, rather than being a crime based upon the actual defamation per se; its veracity was therefore considered irrelevant. Section 6 of the Libel Act 1843 allowed the proven truth of the allegation to be used as a valid defense in criminal libel cases, but only if the defendant also demonstrated that publication was for the "Public Benefit".[31]
In some systems, however, notably the Philippines, truth alone is not a defense.[32]
It is also necessary in these cases to show that there is a well-founded public interest in the specific information being widely known, and this may be the case even for public figures. Public interest is generally not "what the public is interested in", but rather "what is in the interest of the public".[33][34]
Noonan v. Staples[35] is sometimes cited as precedent that truth is not always a defense to libel in the U.S., but the case is actually not valid precedent on that issue because Staples did not argue First Amendment protection, which is one theory for truth as complete defense, for its statements.[36] The court assumed in this case that the Massachusetts law was constitutional under the First Amendment without it being argued by the parties.
In a 2012 ruling involving Philippine libel law, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights commented, "Penal defamation laws should include defense of truth."[7]
Privilege and malice[]
Privilege provides a complete bar and answer to a defamation suit, though conditions may have to be met before this protection is granted. Privilege is any circumstance that justifies or excuses a prima facie tort. It can be said that privilege recognizes a defendant's action stemmed from an interest of social importance – and that society wants to protect such interests by not punishing those who pursue them. Privilege can be argued whenever a defendant can show that he acted from a justifiable motive. While some privileges have long been recognized, the court may create a new privilege for particular circumstances – privilege as an affirmative defense is a potentially ever-evolving doctrine. Such newly created or circumstantially recognized privileges are referred to as residual justification privileges.
There are two types of privilege in the common law tradition:
Template:Anchor"Absolute privilege" has the effect that a statement cannot be sued on as defamatory, even if it were made maliciously; a typical example is evidence given in court (although this may give rise to different claims, such as an action for malicious prosecution or perjury) or statements made in a session of the legislature by a member thereof (known as 'Parliamentary privilege' in Commonwealth countries).
"Qualified privilege" may be available to the journalist as a defense in circumstances where it is considered important that the facts be known in the public interest; an example would be public meetings, local government documents, and information relating to public bodies such as the police and fire departments. Another example would be that a professor – acting in good faith and honesty – may write an unsatisfactory letter of reference with unsatisfactory information. Qualified privilege has the same effect as absolute privilege, but does not protect statements that can be proven to have been made with malicious intent.Template:Citation needed
Other defenses[]
Defenses to claims of defamation include:
Statements made in a good faith and reasonable belief that they were true are generally treated the same as true statements; however, the court may inquire into the reasonableness of the belief. The degree of care expected will vary with the nature of the defendant: an ordinary person might safely rely on a single newspaper report, while the newspaper would be expected to carefully check multiple sources.
Opinion is a defense recognized in nearly every jurisdiction. If the allegedly defamatory assertion is an expression of opinion rather than a statement of fact, defamation claims usually cannot be brought because opinions are inherently not falsifiable. However, some jurisdictions decline to recognize any legal distinction between fact and opinion. The United States Supreme Court, in particular, has ruled that the First Amendment does not require recognition of an opinion privilege.[37]
Mere vulgar abuse is an insult that is not necessarily defamatory because it is not intended to be taken literally or believed, or likely to cause real damage to a reputation. Vituperative statements made in anger, such as calling someone "an arse" during a drunken argument, would likely be considered mere vulgar abuse and not defamatory.
Fair comment on a matter of public interest, arguments made with an honest belief in their soundness on a matter of public interest (such as regarding official acts) are defendable against a defamation claim, even if such arguments are logically unsound; if a reasonable person could honestly entertain such an opinion, the statement is protected. In the US fair comment is a common law defense, and it has been argued has been superseded by constitutional defenses.
Consent is an uncommon defense and makes the claim that the claimant consented to the dissemination of the statement.
Innocent dissemination is a defense available when a defendant had no actual knowledge of the defamatory statement or no reason to believe the statement was defamatory. Thus, a delivery service cannot be held liable for delivering a sealed defamatory letter. The defense can be defeated if the lack of knowledge was due to negligence.
Claimant is incapable of further defamation – e.g., the claimant's position in the community is so poor that defamation could not do further damage to the plaintiff. Such a claimant could be said to be "libel-proof", since in most jurisdictions, actual damage is an essential element for a libel claim. Essentially, the defense is that the person had such a bad reputation before the libel, that no further damage could possibly have been caused by the making of the statement.[38]
Statute of limitations. Most jurisdictions require that a lawsuit be brought within a limited period of time. If the alleged libel occurs in a mass media publication such as a newspaper or the Internet, the statute of limitations begins to run at the time of publication, not when the plaintiff first learns of the communication.[39]
No third-party communication: If an employer were to bring an employee into a sound-proof, isolated room, and accuse him of embezzling company money, the employee would have no defamation recourse, since no one other than the would-be plaintiff and would-be defendant heard the false statement.
No actual injury: If there is third-party communication, but the third-party hearing the defamatory statement does not believe the statement, or does not care, then there is no injury, and therefore, no recourse.
Slander per-se: is an exception to Slander (presume general damages). Slander per-se states that an individual has: 1. A loathsome disease, 2. Business improprieties, 3. Committed a crime or have been in prison for a crime, 4. Committed sexual improprieties/impotent.
In addition to the above, the defendant may claim that the allegedly defamatory statement is not actually capable of being defamatoryTemplate:Sndan insulting statement that does not actually harm someone's reputation is prima facie not libelous. Also, the public figure doctrine, also called the absence of malice rule, may be used as a defense.
Out of court actions to defend your rights on defamation include the request of apology and a retraction statement.
Public figure doctrine (absence of malice)[]
Template:Distinguish
In the United States, special rules apply in the case of statements made in the press concerning public figures, which can be used as a defense. A series of court rulings led by New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, 376 U.S. 254 (1964) established that for a public official (or other legitimate public figure) to win a libel case in the United States, the statement must have been published knowing it to be false or with reckless disregard to its truth (also known as actual malice).[40]
Under United States law, libel generally requires five key elements: the plaintiff must prove that the information was published, the plaintiff was directly or indirectly identified, the remarks were defamatory towards the plaintiff's reputation, the published information is false, and that the defendant is at fault.
The Associated Press estimates that 95% of libel cases involving news stories do not arise from high-profile news stories, but "run of the mill" local stories like news coverage of local criminal investigations or trials, or business profiles.[41] Media liability insurance is available to newspapers to cover potential damage awards from libel lawsuits.
Freedom of speech[]
Defamation laws may come into tension with freedom of speech, leading to censorship or chilling effects where publishers fear lawsuits. Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights permits restrictions on freedom of speech when necessary to protect the reputation or rights of others.[42]
Jurisdictions resolve this tension in different ways, in particular in determining where the burden of proof lies when unfounded allegations are made. The power of the internet to disseminate comment, which may include malicious comment, has brought a new focus to the issue.[43]
There is a broader consensus against laws that criminalize defamation. Human rights organizations, and other organizations such as the Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, have campaigned against strict defamation laws that criminalize defamation.[44][45] The European Court of Human Rights has placed restrictions on criminal libel laws because of the freedom of expression provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights. One notable case was Lingens v. Austria (1986).
Laws by jurisdiction[]
Template:Update
Criminal defamation by country
Country
Criminal
Albania Template:No
Andorra Template:No
Argentina Template:No
Australia Template:No
Austria Template:No
Azerbaijan Template:No
Belarus Template:No
Belgium Template:No
Bosnia and Herzegovina Template:Yes
Brazil Template:No
Bulgaria Template:No
Canada Template:No
Chile Template:No
China Template:No
Croatia Template:No
Cyprus Template:No
Czech Republic Template:No
Denmark Template:No
Estonia Template:Yes
Finland Template:No
France Template:No
Georgia Template:Yes
Germany Template:No
Greece Template:No
Hungary Template:No
Iceland Template:No
India Template:No
Ireland Template:Yes
Israel Template:No
Italy Template:No
Japan Template:No
Kazakhstan Template:No
Kyrgyzstan Template:Yes
Latvia Template:No
Liechtenstein Template:No
Lithuania Template:No
Luxembourg Template:No
Malta Template:No
Malta Template:No
Mexico Template:Maybe
Moldova Template:Yes
Monaco Template:No
Mongolia Template:No
Montenegro Template:Yes
Netherlands Template:No
Norway Template:Yes
Philippines Template:No
Poland Template:No
Portugal Template:No
Romania Template:Yes
Russia Template:No
San Marino Template:No
Saudi Arabia Template:No
Serbia Template:Yes
Slovakia Template:No
Slovenia Template:No
South Korea Template:No
Spain Template:No
Sweden Template:No
Switzerland Template:No
Taiwan Template:No
Tajikistan Template:Yes
Thailand Template:No
Turkey Template:No
Turkmenistan Template:No
Ukraine Template:Yes
United Kingdom Template:Yes
United States Template:Maybe
Vatican City Template:Yes
Venezuela Template:No
Internationally[]
Article 17 of the United Nations International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states Template:Quote
Asia[]
Azerbaijan[]
In Azerbaijan, the crime of defamation (Article 147) may result in a fine up to "500 times the amount of minimum salaries", public work for up to 240 hours, correctional work for up to one year, or imprisonment of up to six months. Penalties are aggravated to up to three years of prison if the victim is falsely accused of having committed a crime "of grave or very grave nature" (Article 147.2). The crime of insult (Article 148) can lead to a fine of up to 1000 times the minimum wage, or to the same penalties of defamation for public work, correctional work or imprisonment. [46][47]
According to the OSCE report on defamation laws, "Azerbaijan intends to remove articles on defamation and insult from criminal legislation and preserve them in the Civil Code".[48]
China[]
Article 246 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China (中华人民共和国刑法) makes defamation legal, unless it is against the government.[49]
India[]
According to the Constitution of India, the fundamental right to free speech (Article 19) is subject to reasonable restrictions.
Accordingly, for the purpose of criminal defamation, "reasonable restrictions" are defined in Section 499[50] of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.[51] This section defines defamation and provides ten valid exceptions when a statement is not considered to be defamation. It says that defamation takes place "by words either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs or by visible representations, to make or publish any imputation concerning any person intending to harm, or knowing or having reason to believe that such imputation will harm, the reputation, of such person".[52] In India, a defamation case can be filed under either criminal law or civil law or cyber crime law, together or in sequence.[51]
The punishment for defamation is a simple imprisonment for up to two years or with fine or with both.[52][53] Defamation is a bailable, non-cognisable and compoundable offence.
In civil law, defamation falls under the Law of Torts, which imposes punishment in the form of damages (compensation) awarded to the claimant (person filing the claim). In an action for defamation under civil law there are three major defences, namely truth,fair comment and privilege.[54]
Israel[]
According to Defamation Prohibition Law (1965), defamation can constitute either civil or criminal offense.
As a civil offense, defamation is considered a tort case and the court may award a compensation of up to Template:NIS to the person targeted by the defamation, while the plaintiff does not have to prove a material damage.
As a criminal offense, defamation is punishable by a year of imprisonment. In order to constitute a felony, defamation must be intentional and target at least two persons.
Japan[]
Defamation can be prosecuted either criminally or civilly, according to what is followed under Article 230-1 of the Criminal Code of Japan. The Japanese word for defamation is Template:Lang (meiyokison) when broken down, literally means "damaged honor".)[55] An example case can be found at [2]
Nepal[]
Defamation is a Criminal offense under the Defamation Act, 1859
Malaysia[]
In Malaysia, defamation is both a civil wrong (tort) and a criminal offense meant to protect the reputation and good name of a person. The principal statutes relied upon are the Defamation Act 1957 (Revised 1983) and the Penal Code. Following the practice of other common law jurisdictions like the United Kingdom, Singapore, and India, Malaysia relies on case law. In fact, the Defamation Act 1957 is similar with the English Defamaiton Act 1952. The Malaysian Penal Code is pari materia with the Indian and Singaporean Penal Codes.
Philippines[]
Title thirteen of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines addresses Crimes Against Honor. Chapter one of that title addresses libel and slander. Libel is defined as "public and malicious imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act, omission, condition, status, or circumstance tending to cause the dishonor, discredit, or contempt of a natural or juridical person, or to blacken the memory of one who is dead". Slander is defined as oral defamation. Slander by deed is defined as "any act not included and punished in this title, which shall cast dishonor, discredit or contempt upon another person". Penalties of fine or imprisonment are specified for these crimes and for the threat of libel.[32] A notable characteristic of these crimes under Philippine law is the specification that they apply to imputations both real and imaginary.
In 2012, the Philippines enacted Republic Act 10175, titled Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012. Essentially, this Act provides that libel is criminally punishable and describes it as: "Libel – the unlawful or prohibited act as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, committed through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future." Professor Harry Roque of the University of the Philippines has written that under this law, electronic libel is punished with imprisonment from 6 years and one day to up to 12 years.[56][57][58] Template:As of, five petitions claiming the law to be unconstitutional had been filed with the Philippine Supreme Court, one by Senator Teofisto Guingona III. The petitions all claim that the law infringes on freedom of expression, due process, equal protection and privacy of communication.[59]
Saudi Arabia[]
In a 2015 case, a Saudi writer was arrested for defaming a former ruler of the country. Reportedly, under a [2014] counterterrorism law, "actions that 'threaten Saudi Arabia's unity, disturb public order, or defame the reputation of the state or the king' are considered acts of terrorism. The law decrees that a suspect can be held incommunicado for 90 days without the presence of their lawyer during the initial questioning."[60]
South Korea[]
Template:See also In South Korea, both true and false statements can be considered defamation. The penalties increase for false statements. It is also possible for a person to be criminally defamed when they are no longer alive.[61]
Criminal defamation occurs when a public statement damages the subject's reputation, unless the statement was true and presented solely for the public interest.[61] In addition to criminal law, which allows for imprisonment (up to 7 years in case the allegations are false) and monetary fines, in South Korea one can also sue for damages with civil actions. Generally, criminal actions proceed civil ones with South Korean police as judicial investigators.
As of June 2010, South Korean courts are still hearing defamation cases, and individuals are frequently fined several thousand dollars for exposing true facts. International "comity" procedure or "intent” do not appear to be key in South Korea.[62]Template:Citation needed
Former Soviet Union[]
In the former Soviet Union, defamatory insults "could only constitute a criminal offense, not a civil wrong".[63]
Taiwan[]
Article 310 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of China (中華民國刑法) criminalizes defamation, held constitutional on 7 July 2000 by the Justices of the Constitutional Court, Judicial Yuan (司法院大法官).[64]
Thailand[]
Civil[]
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Criminal[]
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Europe[]
Albania[]
According to the Criminal Code of Albania, defamation is a crime. Slandering in the knowledge of falsity is subject to fines from of 40 000 ALL (ca. $350) to 1 million ALL (ca. $8350).[65] If the slandering occurs in public or damages multiple people, the fine is 40 000 ALL to 3 million ALL (ca. $25 100).[66] In addition, defamation of authorities, public officials or foreign representatives (Articles 227, 239 to 241) are separate crimes with maximum penalties varying from 1 to 3 years of imprisonment.[67][68]
Austria[]
In Austria, the crime of defamation is foreseen by Article 111 of the Criminal Code. Related criminal offenses include "slander and assault" (Article 115), that happens "if a person insults, mocks, mistreats or threatens will ill-treatment another one in public", and yet "malicious falsehood" (Article 297), defined as a false accusation that exposes someone to the risk of prosecution.[69]
Belgium[]
In Belgium, crimes against honor are foreseen in Chapter V of the Belgian Penal Code, Articles 443 to 453-bis. Someone is guilty of calumny "when law admits proof of the alleged fact" and of defamation "when law does not admit this evidence" (Article 443). The penalty is 8 days to one year of imprisonment, plus a fine (Article 444). In addition, the crime of "calumnious denunciation" (Article 445) is punished with 15 days to six months in prison, plus a fine. In any of the crimes covered by Chapter V of the Penal Code, the minimum penalty may be doubled (Article 453-bis) "when one of the motivations of the crime is hatred, contempt or hostility of a person due to his or her intended race, color of the skin, ancestry, national origin or ethnicity, nationality, gender, sexual orientation, marital status, place of birth, age, patrimony, philosophical or religious belief, present or future health condition, disability, native language, political belief, physical or genetical characteristic, or social origin".[70][71]
Bulgaria[]
In Bulgaria, defamation is formally a criminal offense, but the penalty of imprisonment was abolished in 1999. Articles 146 (insult), 147 (criminal defamation) and 148 (public insult) of the Criminal Code prescribe a penalty of fine.[72]
Croatia[]
In Croatia, the crime of insult prescribes a penalty of up to three months in prison, or a fine of "up to 100 daily incomes" (Criminal Code, Article 199). If the crime is committed in public, penalties are aggravated to up to six months of imprisonment, or a fine of "up to 150 daily incomes" (Article 199–2). Moreover, the crime of defamation occurs when someone affirms or disseminates false facts about other person that can damage his reputation. The maximum penalty is one year in prison, or a fine of up to 150 daily incomes (Article 200–1). If the crime is committed in public, the prison term can reach one year (Article 200–2). On the other hand, according to Article 203, there is an exemption for the application of the aforementioned articles (insult and defamation) when the specific context is that of a scientific work, literary work, work of art, public information conducted by a politician or a government official, journalistic work, or the defense of a right or the protection of justifiable interests, in all cases provided that the conduct was not aimed at damaging someone's reputation.[73]
Czech Republic[]
According to the Czech Criminal Code, Article 184, defamation is a crime. Penalties may reach a maximum prison term of one year (Article 184–1) or, if the crime is committed through the press, film, radio, TV, publicly accessible computer network, or by "similarly effective" methods, the offender may stay in prison for up to two years or be prohibited of exercising a specific activity.[74] However, only the most severe cases will be subject to criminal prosecution. The less severe cases can be solved by an action for apology, damages or injunctions.
Denmark[]
In Denmark, libel is a crime, as defined by Article 267 of the Danish Criminal Code, with a penalty of up to six months in prison or a fine, with proceedings initiated by the victim. In addition, Article 266-b prescribes a maximum prison term of two years in the case of public defamation aimed at a group of persons because of their race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion or "sexual inclination".[75][76]
Finland[]
In Finland, defamation is a crime, according to the Criminal Code (Chapter 24, Section 9), with a penalty of imprisonment of up to six months or a fine. When the defamation occurs in public, the crime is "aggravated defamation" (Chapter 24, Section 10), with a maximum punishment of two years in prison or a fine. In addition, there is a crime called "dissemination of information violating personal privacy" (Chapter 24, Section 8), which consists in disseminating information, even accurate, in a way that is apt to harm someone's right to privacy. Information that may be relevant with regard to a person's conduct in public office, in business, or in a comparable position, or of information otherwise relevant to a matter of public interest, is not covered by this prohibition.[77][78]
France[]
File:CdG LA VIE ILLUSTREE 1902 N 197 L'AFFAIRE Mme DUGAST- Me BARBOUX 25 July 1902.JPG
Front page of La Vie Illustrée on 25 July 1902. Mme Camille du Gast stands in court during the cases of character defamation by the barrister Maître Barboux, and the Prince of Sagan's assault on Barboux.
In France, defamation is a criminal offense defined as "the allegation or [the] allocation of a fact that damages the honor or reputation of the person or body to which the fact is imputed". A defamatory allegation is considered an insult if it does not include any facts or if the claimed facts cannot be verified.
Germany[]
In German law, there is no distinction between libel and slander. Template:As of, German defamation lawsuits are increasing.[79] The relevant offences of Germany's Criminal Code are §90 (denigration of the Federal President), §90a (denigration of the [federal] State and its symbols), §90b (unconstitutional denigration of the organs of the Constitution), §185 ("insult"), §186 (defamation of character), §187 (defamation with deliberate untruths), §188 (political defamation with increased penalties for offending against paras 186 and 187), §189 (denigration of a deceased person), §192 ("insult" with true statements). Other sections relevant to prosecution of these offences are §190 (criminal conviction as proof of truth), §193 (no defamation in the pursuit of rightful interests), §194 (application for a criminal prosecution under these paragraphs), §199 (mutual insult allowed to be left unpunished), and §200 (method of proclamation).
Greece[]
In Greece, the maximum prison term for defamation, libel or insult was five years, while the maximum fine was €15,000.[80]
The crime of insult (Article 361, § 1, of the Penal Code) may have led to up to one year of imprisonment and/or a fine, while unprovoked insult (Article 361-A, § 1) was punished with at least three months in prison. In addition, defamation may have resulted in up to two months in prison and/or a fine, while aggravated defamation could have led to at least three months of prison, plus a possible fine (Article 363) and deprivation of the offender's civil rights. Finally, disparaging the memory of a deceased person is punished with imprisonment of up to six months (Penal Code, Article 365). [81]
Ireland[]
Individuals are protected under the Defamation Act 2009 which came into force on 1 January 2010. The 2009 Act repeals the Defamation Act 1961, which had, together with the underlying principles of the common law of tort, governed Irish defamation law for almost half a century. The 2009 Act represents significant changes in Irish law, as many believe that it previously attached insufficient importance to the media's freedom of expression and weighed too heavily in favor of the individual's right to a good name.[82] The Act has a one-year limitation period which can be extended to two years in exceptional circumstances.
Italy[]
In Italy, there used to be different crimes against honor. The crime of injury (Article 594 of the penal code) referred to the act of offending someone's honor in their presence and was punishable with up to six months in prison or a fine of up to €516. The crime of defamation (Article 595, Penal Code) refers to any other situation involving offending one's reputation before many persons, and is punishable with a penalty of up to a year in prison or up to €1032 in fine, doubled to up to two years in prison or a fine of €2065 if the offense consists in the attribution of a determined fact. When the offense happens by the means of the press or by any other means of publicity, or in a public demonstration, the penalty is of imprisonment from six months to three years, or a fine of at least €516. Both of them were "a querela di parte" crimes, that is, the victim had the right of choosing, in any moment, to stop the criminal prosecution by withdrawing the "querela" (a formal complaint), or even prosecute the fact only with a civil action with no "querela" and therefore no criminal prosecution at all. However, beginning from 15 January 2016, injury is no longer a crime, but a tort, while defamation is still considered a crime like before.[83]
Finally, Article 31 of the Penal Code establishes that crimes committed with abuse of power or with abuse of a profession or art, or with the violation of a duty inherent to that profession or art, lead to the additional penalty of a temporary ban in the exercise of that profession or art.[84][85]
Deliberately false accusations of defamation, as with any other crime, lead to the crime of calumny (Article 368, Penal Code), which, under the Italian legal system, is defined as the crime of falsely accusing, before the authorities, one of a crime it didn't commit.
As to the trial, judgment on the legality of the evidence fades into its relevance.[86]
Netherlands[]
In the Netherlands, defamation is mostly dealt with by lodging a civil complaint at the District Court. Article 167 of book 6 of the Civil Code holds: "When someone is liable towards another person under this Section because of an incorrect or, by its incompleteness, misleading publication of information of factual nature, the court may, upon a right of action (legal claim) of this other person, order the tortfeasor to publish a correction in a way to be set by court." If the court grants an injunction, the defendant is usually ordered to delete the publication or to publish a rectification statement.
Norway[]
In Norway, defamation was a crime punished with imprisonment of up to 6 months or a fine (Penal Code, Chapter 23, § 246). When the offense is likely to harm one's "good name" and reputation, or exposes him to hatred, contempt or loss of confidence, the maximum prison term went up to one year, and if the defamation happens in print, in broadcasting or through an especially aggravating circumstance, imprisonment may have reached two years (§ 247). When the offender acts "against his better judgment", he was liable to a maximum prison term of three years (§ 248). According to § 251, defamation lawsuits must be initiated by the offended person, unless the defamatory act was directed to an indefinite group or a large number of persons, when it may also have been prosecuted by public authorities.[87][88]
Under the new Penal Code, decided upon by the Parliament in 2005, defamation would cease to exist as a crime. Rather, any person who believes he or she has been subject to defamation will have to press civil lawsuits. The Criminal Code took effect on October 1, 2015.
Poland[]
In Poland, defamation is a crime that consists of accusing someone of a conduct that may degrade him in public opinion or expose him "to the loss of confidence necessary for a given position, occupation or type of activity". Penalties include fine, limitation of liberty and imprisonment for up to a year (Article 212.1 of the Criminal Code). The penalty is more severe when the offense happens through the media (Article 212.2).[89] When the insult is public and aims at offending a group of people or an individual because of his or their nationality, ethnicity, race, religion or lack of religion, the maximum prison term is 3 years.[90]
Portugal[]
In Portugal, defamation crimes are: "defamation" (article 180 of the Penal Code; up to six months in prison, or a fine of up to 240 days), "injuries" (art. 181; up to 3 months in prison, or a fine up to 120 days), and "offense to the memory of a deceased person" (art. 185; up to 6 months in prison or a fine of up 240 days). Penalties are aggravated in cases with publicity (art. 183; up to two years in prison or at least 120 days of fine) and when the victim is an authority (art.184; all other penalties aggravated by an extra half). There is yet the extra penalty of "public knowledge of the court decision" (costs paid by the defamer) (art. 189 of Penal Code) and also the crime of "incitation of a crime" (article 297; up to 3 years in prison, or fine).[91][92]
Spain[]
In Spain, the crime of calumny (Article 205 of the Penal Code) consists of accusing someone of a crime knowing the falsity of the accusation, or with a reckless contempt for truth. Penalties for cases with publicity are imprisonment from six months to two years or a fine of 12 to 24 months-fine, and for other cases only a fine of 6 to 12 months-fine (Article 206). Additionally, the crime of injury (Article 208 of the Penal Code) consists of hurting someone's dignity, depreciating his reputation or injuring his self-esteem, and is only applicable if the offense, by its nature, effects and circumstances, is considered by the general public as strong. Injury has a penalty of fine from 3 to 7 months-fine, or from 6 to 14 months-fine when it's strong and with publicity. According to Article 216, an additional penalty to calumny or injury may be imposed by the judge, determining the publication of the judicial decision (in a newspaper) at the expenses of the defamer.[93][94]
Sweden[]
In Sweden, the criminal offense of denigration (ärekränkning) is regulated in Chapter 5 of the Criminal Code. Article 1 regulates defamation (förtal) and consists of pointing out someone as a criminal or as "having a reprehensible way of living", or of providing information about him "intended to cause exposure to the disrespect of others". The penalty is a fine.[95] It is generally not a requirement that the statements are untrue, it is enough if they statements are meant to be vilifying.[96][97]
Article 2 regulates gross defamation (grovt förtal) and has a penalty of up to 2 years in prison or a fine. In judging if the crime is gross, the court should consider whether the information, because of its content or the scope of its dissemination, is calculated to produce "serious damage".[95] For example, if it can be established that the defendant knowingly conveyed untruths.[96] Article 4 makes it a crime to defame a deceased person according to Article 1 or 2.[95] Most obviously, the paragraph is meant to make it illegal to defame someone's parents as a way to bypass the law.[96]
Article 3 regulates other insulting behavior (förolämpning), not characterized under Article 1 or 2 and is punishable with a fine or, if it is gross, with up to six months of prison or a fine.[95] While an act of defamation involves a third person, it is not a requirement for insulting behavior.[96]
Under exemptions in the Freedom of the Press Act, Chapter 7, both criminal and civil lawsuits may be brought to court under the laws on denigration.[98]
Switzerland[]
In Switzerland, the crime of wilful defamation is punished with a maximum term of three years in prison, or with a fine of at least 30 days' fine, according to Article 174-2 of the Swiss Criminal Code. There is wilful defamation when the offender knows the falsity of his/her allegations and intentionally looks to ruin the reputation of one's victim (see Articles 174-1 and 174–2).[99][100]
On the other hand, defamation is punished only with a maximum monetary penalty of 180 daily penalty units (Article 173–1).[101] When it comes to a deceased or absent person, there is a limitation to enforce the law up to 30 years (after the death).[102]
With the rise of the internet, and also intranets (closed computer networks), defamatory statements may be communicated on webpages or internal memos, without reaching the attention of the courts. Such "closet defamation" may be used to conceal other criminal or negligent acts.
United Kingdom[]
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England and Wales[]
Template:Update
Main article: English defamation law
Modern libel and slander laws (as implemented in many, but not all, Commonwealth nations) in the United Kingdom, and in the Republic of Ireland are originally descended from English defamation law. The history of defamation law in England is somewhat obscure. Civil actions for damages seem to have been relatively frequent so far back as the reign of Edward I (1272–1307),Template:Citation needed though it is unknown whether any generally applicable criminal process was in use. The first fully reported case in which libel is affirmed generally to be punishable at common law was tried during the reign of James I.Template:Citation needed From that time, both the criminal and civil remedies have been in full operation.
English law allows actions for libel to be brought in the High Court for any published statements alleged to defame a named or identifiable individual or individuals (under English law companies are legal persons, and allowed to bring suit for defamation[103][104][105]) in a manner that causes them loss in their trade or profession, or causes a reasonable person to think worse of them. Allowable defenses are justification (the truth of the statement), fair comment (whether the statement was a view that a reasonable person could have held), absolute privilege (whether the statements were made in Parliament or in court, or whether they were fair reports of allegations in the public interest) and qualified privilege (where it is thought that the freedom of expression outweighs the protection of reputation, but not to the degree of granting absolute immunity).[106] An offer of amends is a barrier to litigation. A defamatory statement is presumed to be false unless the defendant can prove its truth. Furthermore, to collect compensatory damages, a public official or public figure must prove actual malice (knowing falsity or reckless disregard for the truth).Template:Citation needed A private individual must only prove negligence (not using due care) to collect compensatory damages.Template:Citation needed To collect punitive damages, all individuals must prove actual malice.
Criminal libel was abolished on 12 January 2010 by section 73 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.[107] There were only a few instances of the criminal libel law being applied. Notably, the Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta was convicted of criminal libel for denouncing the Italian state agent Ennio Belelli in 1912.
Libel law in England and Wales was reformed by the Defamation Act 2013.
Scotland[]
In Scots law, as in other jurisdictions that base themselves on the civil law tradition, there is no distinction between libel and slander, and all cases are simply defamation. The equivalent of the defense of justification is "veritas".
South America[]
Argentina[]
In Argentina, the crimes of calumny and injury are foreseen in the chapter "Crimes Against Honor" (Articles 109 to 117-bis) of the Penal Code. Calumny is defined as "the false imputation to a determined person of a concrete crime that leads to a lawsuit" (Article 109). However, expressions referring to subjects of public interest or that are not assertive don't constitute calumny. Penalty is a fine from 3,000 to 30,000 pesos. He who intentionally dishonor or discredit a determined person is punished with a penalty from 1,500 to 20,000 pesos (Article 110).
He who publishes or reproduces, by any means, calumnies and injuries made by others, will be punished as responsible himself for the calumnies and injuries whenever its content is not correctly attributed to the corresponding source. Exceptions are expressions referring to subjects of public interest or that are not assertive (see Article 113). When calumny or injury are committed through the press, a possible extra penalty is the publication of the judicial decision at the expenses of the guilty (Article 114). He who passes to someone else information about a person that is included in a personal database and that one knows to be false, is punished with six months to 3 years in prison. When there is harm to somebody, penalties are aggravated by an extra half (Article 117 bis, §§ 2nd and 3rd).[108]
Brazil[]
In Brazil, defamation is a crime, which is prosecuted either as "defamation" (three months to a year in prison, plus fine; Article 139 of the Penal Code), "calumny" (six months to two years in prison, plus fine; Article 138 of the PC) and/or "injury" (one to six months in prison, or fine; Article 140), with aggravating penalties when the crime is practiced in public (Article 141, item III) or against a state employee because of his regular duties. Incitation to hatred and violence is also foreseen in the Penal Code (incitation to a crime, Article 286). Moreover, in situations like bullying or moral constraint, defamation acts are also covered by the crimes of "illegal constraint" (Article 146 of the Penal Code) and "arbitrary exercise of discretion" (Article 345 of PC), defined as breaking the law as a vigilante.[109]
Chile[]
In Chile, the crimes of calumny and slanderous allegation (injurias) are covered by Articles 412 to 431 of the Penal Code. Calumny is defined as "the false imputation of a determined crime and that can lead to a public prosecution" (Article 412). If the calumny is written and with publicity, penalty is "lower imprisonment" in its medium degree plus a fine of 11 to 20 "vital wages" when it refers to a crime, or "lower imprisonment" in its minimum degree plus a fine of 6 to 10 "vital wages" when it refers to a misdemeanor (Article 413). If it is not written or with publicity, penalty is "lower imprisonment" in its minimum degree plus a fine of 6 to 15 "vital wages" when it's about a crime, or plus a fine of 6 to 10 "vital wages" when it's about a misdemeanor (Article 414).[110][111]
According to Article 25 of the Penal Code, "lower imprisonment" is defined as a prison term between 61 days and five years. According to Article 30, the penalty of "lower imprisonment" in its medium or minimum degrees carries with it also the suspension of the exercise of a public position during the prison term.[112]
Article 416 defines injuria as "all expression said or action performed that dishonors, discredits or causes contempt". Article 417 defines broadly "injurias graves" (grave slander), including the imputation of a crime or misdemeanor that cannot lead to public prosecution, and the imputation of a vice or lack of morality, which are capable of harming considerably the reputation, credit or interests of the offended person. "Grave slander" in written form or with publicity are punished with "lower imprisonment" in its minimum to medium degrees plus a fine of 11 to 20 "vital wages". Calumny or slander of a deceased person (Article 424) can be prosecuted by the spouse, children, grandchildren, parents, grandparents, siblings and heirs of the offended person. Finally, according to Article 425, in the case of calumnies and slander published in foreign newspapers, are considered liable all those who from Chilean territory sent articles or gave orders for publication abroad, or contributed to the introduction of such newspapers in Chile with the intention of propagating the calumny and slander.[113]
Venezuela[]
In March 2016 a civil action for defamation led to imposition of a four-year prison sentence on a newspaper publisher.[114]
North America[]
Canada[]
Main article: Canadian defamation law
As is the case for most Commonwealth jurisdictions, Canada follows English law on defamation issues (except in Quebec where the private law is derived from French civil law). In common law, defamation covers any communication that tends to lower the esteem of the subject in the minds of ordinary members of the public.[115] Probably true statements are not excluded, nor are political opinions. Intent is always presumed, and it is not necessary to prove that the defendant intended to defame. In Hill v. Church of Scientology of Toronto (1995), the Supreme Court of Canada rejected the actual malice test adopted in the US case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan. Once a claim has been made, the defendant may avail themselves of a defense of justification (the truth), fair comment, responsible communication,[116] or privilege. Publishers of defamatory comments may also use the defense of innocent dissemination where they had no knowledge of the nature of the statement, it was not brought to their attention, and they were not negligent. [117] [118]
In Quebec, defamation was originally grounded in the law inherited from France. To establish civil liability for defamation, the plaintiff must establish, on a balance of probabilities, the existence of an injury (fault), a wrongful act (damage), and of a causal connection (link of causality) between the two. A person who has made defamatory remarks will not necessarily be civilly liable for them. The plaintiff must further demonstrate that the person who made the remarks committed a wrongful act. Defamation in Quebec is governed by a reasonableness standard, as opposed to strict liability; a defendant who made a false statement would not be held liable if it was reasonable to believe the statement was true.[119]
Regarding defamation on the internet, in 2011 the Supreme Court of Canada held that a person who posts hyperlinks on a website which lead to another site with defamatory content is not publishing that defamatory material for the purposes of libel and defamation law.[120] [121]
Criminal defamation[]
In Canada, the Criminal Code specifies the following as criminal offences:
Defamatory libel, defined as "matter published, without lawful justification or excuse, that is likely to injure the reputation of any person by exposing him to hatred, contempt or ridicule, or that is designed to insult the person of or concerning whom it is published",[122] receives the same penalty.[123]
A "libel known to be false" is an indictable offence, for which the prison term is a maximum of five years.[124]
The criminal portion of the law has been rarely applied, but it has been observed that, when treated as an indictable offence, it often appears to arise from statements made against an agent of the Crown, such as a police officer, a corrections officer, or a Crown attorney.[125] In the most recent case, in 2012, an Ottawa restaurant owner was convicted of ongoing online harassment of a customer who had complained about the quality of food and service in her restaurant.[126]
According to an Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe official report on defamation laws issued in 2005, 57 persons in Canada were accused of defamation, libel and insult, among which 23 were convicted – 9 to prison sentences, 19 to probation and one to a fine. The average period in prison was 270 days, and the maximum sentence was 4 years of imprisonment.[127]
United States[]
Main article: United States defamation law
The origins of U.S. defamation law pre-date the American Revolution; one famous 1734 case involving John Peter Zenger sowed the seed for the later establishment of truth as an absolute defense against libel charges. The outcome of the case is one of jury nullification, and not a case where the defense acquitted itself as a matter of law, as before the Zenger case defamation law had not provided the defense of truth.[128]
Though the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution was designed to protect freedom of the press, for most of the history of the United States, the Supreme Court neglected to apply the First Amendment to libel cases involving media defendants. This left libel laws, based upon the traditional common law of defamation inherited from the English legal system, mixed across the states. The 1964 case New York Times Co. v. Sullivan dramatically altered the nature of libel law in the United States by elevating the fault element for public officials to actual maliceTemplate:Sndthat is, public figures could win a libel suit only if they could demonstrate the publisher's "knowledge that the information was false" or that the information was published "with reckless disregard of whether it was false or not".[129]
Later the Supreme Court held that statements that are so ridiculous to be clearly not true are protected from libel claims,[130] as are statements of opinion relating to matters of public concern that do not contain a provably false factual connotation.[131] Subsequent state and federal cases have addressed defamation law and the Internet.[132]
Defamation law in the United States is much less plaintiff-friendly than its counterparts in European and the Commonwealth countries. A comprehensive discussion of what is and is not libel or slander under United States law is difficult, as the definition differs between different states and is further affected by federal law.[133] Some states codify what constitutes slander and libel together, merging the concepts into a single defamation law.[134]
Civil defamation[]
Although laws vary by state, in the United States a defamation action typically requires that a plaintiff claiming defamation prove that the defendant:[135]
made a false and defamatory statement concerning the plaintiff;
shared the statement with a third party (that is, somebody other than the person defamed by the statement);
if the defamatory matter is of public concern, acted in a manner which amounted at least to negligence on the part of the defendant; and
caused damages to the plaintiff.
American writers and publishers are protectedTemplate:Clarify from foreign libel judgments not compliant with the US First Amendment, or libel tourism, by the SPEECH Act, which was passed by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010.[136] It is based on the New York State 2008 Libel Terrorism Protection Act (also known as "Rachel's Law", after Rachel Ehrenfeld who initiated the state and federal laws).[137] Both the New York state law and the federal law were passed unanimously.
Defenses to defamation that may defeat a lawsuit, including possible dismissal before trial, include the statement being one of opinion rather than fact or being "fair comment and criticism".[138] Truth is always a defense.[139]
Defamation per se[]
Most states recognize that some categories of statements are considered to be defamatory per se, such that people making a defamation claim for these statements do not need to prove that the statement was defamatory.[140]
In an action for defamation per se, the law recognizes that certain false statements are so damaging that they create a presumption of injury to the plaintiff's reputation, allowing a defamation case to proceed to verdict with no actual proof of damages. Although laws vary by state, and not all states recognize defamation per se, there are four general categories of false statement that typically support a per se action:[134]
accusing someone of a crime;
alleging that someone has a foul or loathsome disease;
adversely reflecting on a person's fitness to conduct their business or trade; and
imputing serious sexual misconduct.
If the plaintiff proves that such a statement was made and was false, to recover damages the plaintiff need only prove that someone had made the statement to any third party. No proof of special damages is required. However, to recover full compensation a plaintiff should be prepared to prove actual damages.[134]
As with any defamation case, truth remains an absolute defense to defamation per se. This means that even if the statement would be considered defamatory per se if false, if the defendant establishes that it is in fact true, an action for defamation per se cannot survive.[141]
The conception of what type of allegation may support an action for defamation per se can evolve with public policy. For example, in May 2012 an appeals court in New York, citing changes in public policy with regard to homosexuality, ruled that describing someone as gay is not defamation.[142]
Record awards[]
The record libel verdict in the United States was rendered in 1997 against Dow Jones in favor of MMAR Group Inc., awarding $222.7 million.[143] However, the verdict was dismissed in 1999 amid allegations that MMAR failed to disclose audiotapes made by its employees.[144]
Criminal defamation[]
Less than half of U.S. states have criminal defamation laws, and the applicability of those laws is limited by the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the laws are rarely enforced.[145] At the federal level, there are no criminal defamation or insult laws in the United States. However, on the state level, 23 states and 2 territories have criminal defamation laws on the books, along with 1 state (Iowa) establishing defamation/libel as a criminal offense through case law (without statutorily defined crime): Alabama,[146] Florida,[147] Idaho,[148] Illinois,[149] Iowa,[150] Kansas,[151] Kentucky,[152] Louisiana,[153] Massachusetts,[154] Michigan,[155] Minnesota,[156] Mississippi,[157] Montana,[158] Nevada,[159] New Hampshire,[160] New Mexico,[161] North Carolina,[162] North Dakota,[163] Oklahoma,[164] South Carolina,[165] Texas,[166] Utah,[167] Virginia,[168] Wisconsin,[169] Puerto Rico[170] and Virgin Islands.[171]
Group defamation[]
Group libel has been on many occasions shown to be found by United States courts to be a crime which was punishable under common law. There were three notable early cases in United States law which found group libel to be a criminal offense. The first of these cases was State v. Brady (1890). The holding of this court found that "The law is elementary that a libel need not be on a particular person, but may be upon a family, or a class of persons, if the tendency of the publication is to stir up riot and disorder, and incite to a breach of the peace."[172] This holding is similar to that of King v. Osborne, in that the court found the prevention of riots to take priority over the protection of speech.
Jones v. State of Texas (1897) took place a few years after Brady and held a similar view on group libel. This case was, however, different in that it concerned the defamation of streetcar conductors in Galveston. The court still sided with the state, saying that "It therefore would be a violation of our statute to libel any sect, company, or class of men without naming any person in particular who may belong to said class".[173] Going further than strictly outlawing libel against a religious or racial group, the Jones court found that libel against any group, even a class of workers, had potential to lead to violence between groups.
People v. Spielman (1925) upheld same statute as the one in Beauharnais. In this case, publications defamed members of the Knights of Columbus, falsely assigning an oath to them. In this case the defendant was found guilty of a libel on both "the membership of the American Legion and certain named members of that organization".[25] The holding that individual members were libeled relied on doctrine from the Osborne case. Though these individual members were not named in the publication, their ties to the legion gave them adequate claim to a criminal libel offense. These three cases played a large role in solidifying the American conception of group libel law as it was interpreted in the Beauharnais case.
Though the common law interpretation of group libel law has generally been referred to in United States court cases prior to the case of Beauharnais v. Illinois, the courts have not always taken this stance. There are two notable group libel cases prior to Beauharnais where the court went contrary to the holding of Osborne. This first of these cases was Drozda v. State (1920). This case examined an instance of libel on the leaders of a Bohemian national organization. The court dismissed their claim, stating that "A government or other body politic, a corporation, religious system, race of people, or a political party, are not subject to criminal libel. Nor could a publication referring generally to any of these be made specific or libelous."[174] This judge believed that since the libel in question was directed towards "those people whom you call leaders", there was not sufficient evidence that those claiming to have been libeled against actually had any comments directed towards them.
The court in People v. Edmonson (1930) also denied claims to an apparent case of group libel. In this case, the defendant was accused of libel towards the Jewish community. The judge sided with the defendant, writing that "such an indictment cannot be sustained under the laws of this State, and that no such indictment as one based upon defamatory matter directed against a group or community so large as 'all persons of the Jewish Religion' has ever been sustained in this or any other jurisdiction". The judge further said that "when one realizes how many forms of religion might consider themselves libeled and seek legal redress, where our laws so extended, and when we reflect on how our courts might, in such event, find themselves forced into the position of arbiters of religious truth, it is apparent that more would be lost than could be gained by attempting to protect the good name of a religion by an appeal to the criminal law".[175] In this case, the judge finds that it would be unreasonable to expect courts to take on the responsibility of deciding whether statements towards a religion should or should or should not be considered libel. Though group libel generally favored the Osborne holding prior to the Beauharnais case, there is also a well documented record of United States courts taking a position which more closely resembles that of the Orme and Nutt holding.
Beauharnais v. Illinois[]
Beauharnais v. Illinois is one of the better known cases of group libel in the United States judicial system. Joseph Beauharnais was arrested in 1950 for distributing leaflets in Chicago. Within these leaflets, Beauharnais called upon the Chicago government to take action to address "the constant and continuous invasion, harassment and encroachment by the Negro". An Illinois law outlawed the distribution of any material which "portrays depravity, criminality, unchastity, or lack of virtue of a class of citizens, of any race, color, creed or religion which said publication or exhibition exposes the citizens of any race, color, creed or religion to contempt, derision, or obloquy or which is productive of breach of the peace or riots".[176] Beauharnais disagreed with this law, and believed that his publications should be viewed as protected speech rather than group libel.
In a 5–4 decision, the court found Beauharnais guilty of libel. In his majority opinion, Justice Frankfurter wrote that Beauharnais' comments provoked hostility, and, given Illinois' history of racial tensions, should be outlawed.
Justice Black, in his dissent, stated that he believed that the statute could be abused to protect speech that otherwise should not be protected. However Frankfurt disagreed and said that "Every power may be abused, but the possibility of abuse is a poor reason for denying Illinois the power to adopt measures against criminal libels sanctioned by centuries of Anglo-American law."[176] Group libel laws, according to Frankfurt, played an important role in the history of common law, and its existence prevents speech that could lead to violence from being recognized as protected speech.
Though the Beauharnais case seemed to set a strong precedent protecting criminal group libel laws at the time, subsequent cases took a stance which more strongly favors speech protections. R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul (1992) is one of the most notable of these cases. In St. Paul, Minnesota, it was a crime to place something in public which could cause "anger, alarm, or resentment ... on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, or gender". Representing the unanimous court that held the ordinance invalid on its face, Justice Scalia explained and qualified the categorical exclusions for defamation, obscenity, and fighting words. These categories of speech are not "entirely invisible to the Constitution", but instead "can, consistently with the First Amendment, be regulated because of their constitutionally proscribable content".[177] In this case, Scalia believed that the St. Paul law was a clear case of viewpoint-based discrimination, and therefore unconstitutional.
The Court in Virginia v. Black (2003) held in a 7–2 decision that its opinion in R. A. V. did not make it unconstitutional for a state to prohibit burning a cross with the intent of intimidating any person or group of persons because it prevents intimidation rather than discriminate on the basis of a defendant's beliefs. In her opinion, Justice O'Connor wrote that "as a factual matter it is not true that cross burners direct their intimidating conduct solely to racial or religious minorities. ... The First Amendment permits Virginia to outlaw cross burning done with the intent to intimidate because burning a cross is a particularly virulent form of intimidation. Instead of prohibiting all intimidating messages, Virginia may choose to regulate this subset of intimidating messages".[178] She clarified that "a State may choose to prohibit only those forms of intimidation that are most likely to inspire fear of bodily harm".
Justice Thomas dissented to this holding, giving similar to arguments made for prohibiting flag burning. He wrote that all cross burning should be exempt from the 1st amendment "due to the historical association of cross-burning with terrorism".
Justice Souter had his own opinion, defending all cross burning, even those acts which are committed to cause fear because of R. A. V., citing a problem with "the statute's content-based distinction".
While common law has traditionally interpreted group libel laws in a way which protects against defamation, subsequent United States court holdings such as that in R. A. V. v. City of St. Paul (1992) and Virginia v. Black (2003) have taken a stance that is more protective of free speech.
Mexico[]
In Mexico, crimes of calumny, defamation and slanderous allegation (injurias) have been abolished in the Federal Penal Code as well as in 15 states. These crimes remain in the penal codes of 17 states, where penalty is, in average, from 1.1 years (for ones convicted for slanderous allegation) to 3.8 years in jail (for those convicted for calumny).[179]
Australasia[]
Australia[]
Australian law of defamation developed primarily out of the English law of defamation and its cases, though now there are differences introduced by statute and by the implied constitutional limitation on governmental powers to limit speech of a political nature established in Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997).[180]
On 10 December 2002, the High Court of Australia delivered judgment in the Internet defamation case of Dow Jones v Gutnick.[181] The judgment established that internet-published foreign publications that defamed an Australian in their Australian reputation could be held accountable under Australian defamation law. The case gained worldwide attention and is often said, inaccurately, to be the first of its kind. A similar case that predates Dow Jones v Gutnick is Berezovsky v Forbes in England.[182]
Among the various common law jurisdictions, some Americans have presented a visceral and vocal reaction to the Gutnick decision.[183] On the other hand, the decision mirrors similar decisions in many other jurisdictions such as England, Scotland, France, Canada and Italy.
In 2006, uniform defamation laws came into effect across Australia.[184] In addition to fixing the problematic inconsistencies in law between individual States and Territories, the laws made a number of changes to the common law position, including:
Abolishing the distinction between libel and slander.[185][186]
Providing new defenses including that of triviality, where it is a defense to the publication of a defamatory matter if the defendant proves that the circumstances of publication were such that the plaintiff was unlikely to sustain any harm.[187][186]
The defenses against defamation may be negated if there is proof the publication was actuated by malice.[187]
Greatly restricting the right of corporations to sue for defamation (see e.g. Defamation Act 2005 (Vic), s 9). Corporations may, however, still sue for the tort of injurious falsehood, where the burden of proof is greater than in defamation, because the plaintiff must show that the defamation was made with malice and resulted in economic loss.[188]
The 2006 reforms also established across all Australian states the availability of truth as an unqualified defense; previously a number of states only allowed a defense of truth with the condition that a public interest or benefit existed. The defendant however still needs to prove that the defamatory imputations are substantially true.[189]
The law as it currently stands in Australia was summarized in the 2015 case of Duffy v Google by Justice Blue in the Supreme Court of South Australia.[190]
Template:Quote
Defenses available to defamation defendants include absolute privilege, qualified privilege, justification (truth), honest opinion, publication of public documents, fair report of proceedings of public concern and triviality.[191]
Australia's first Twitter defamation case to go to trial is believed to be Mickle v Farley. The defendant, former Orange High School student Andrew Farley was ordered to pay $105,000 to a teacher for writing defamatory remarks about her on the social media platform.[192]
A more recent case in defamation law was Hockey v Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited [2015], heard in the Federal Court of Australia.[193] This judgment was significant as it demonstrated that tweets, consisting of even as little as three words, can be defamatory, as was held in this case.[193]
New Zealand[]
New Zealand received English law with the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi in February 1840. The current Act is the Defamation Act 1992 which came into force on 1 February 1993 and repealed the Defamation Act 1954.[194]
New Zealand law allows for the following remedies in an action for defamation: compensatory damages; an injunction to stop further publication; a correction or a retraction; and in certain cases, punitive damages. Section 28 of the Act allows for punitive damages only when a there is a flagrant disregard of the rights of the person defamed.
As the law assumes that an individual suffers loss if a statement is defamatory, there is no need to prove that specific damage or loss has occurred. However, Section 6 of the Act allows for a defamation action brought by a corporate body to proceed only when the body corporate alleges and proves that the publication of the defamation has caused or is likely to cause pecuniary loss to that body corporate.
The following defenses are allowed:
Truth – where the defendant proves that the words were true, or not materially different from the truth; or where all or any of the matter contained in a publication taken as a whole was in substance true, or was in substance not materially different from the truth.
Honest opinion – where a defendant must prove that the opinion expressed is the defendant's genuine opinion. The defense of honest opinion shall not necessarily fail if the defendant was motivated with malice.
Absolute privilege – regarding the publication of proceedings in Parliament, and judicial proceedings and other legal
matters.
Religious law[]
The Hebrew term lashon hara is the halakhic term for derogatory speech about another person.[195] Lashon hara differs from defamation in that its focus is on the use of true speech for a wrongful purpose, rather than falsehood and harm arising. By contrast, hotzaat shem ra ("spreading a bad name"), also called hotzaat diba, consists of untrue remarks, and is best translated as "slander" or "defamation". Hotzaat shem ra is worse, and consequently a graver sin, than lashon hara.[195]
In Roman Catholic theology there are seen to be two sins, that of lying and that of impinging on a person's right to a reputation.[196] It is considered to be closed to detraction, the sin of revealing previously unknown faults or sins of another person to a third person.[197]
Related torts[]
Some jurisdictions have a separate tort or delict of injury, intentional infliction of emotional distress, outrageousness, or convicium, involving the making of a statement, even if truthful, intended to harm the claimant out of malice; some have a separate tort or delict of "invasion of privacy" in which the making of a true statement may give rise to liability: but neither of these comes under the general heading of "defamation". Some jurisdictions also have the tort of "false light", in which a statement may be technically true, but so misleading as to be defamatory. There is also, in almost all jurisdictions, a tort or delict of "misrepresentation", involving the making of a statement that is untrue even though not defamatory. Thus a surveyor who states a house is free from risk of flooding has not defamed anyone, but may still be liable to someone who purchases the house relying on this statement. Other increasingly common claims similar to defamation in U.S. law are claims that a famous trademark has been diluted through tarnishment, see generally trademark dilution, "intentional interference with contract", and "negligent misrepresentation".
Criminal laws prohibiting protests at funerals, sedition, false statements in connection with elections, and the use of profanity in public, are also often used in contexts similar to criminal libel actions.
The boundaries of a court's power to hold individuals in "contempt of court" for what amounts to alleged defamatory statements about judges or the court process by attorneys or other people involved in court cases is also not well established in many common law countries.
See also[]
Template:Portal Template:Div col
Absence of Malice
Template:Section link
Anti-Defamation League
Blind item
Blood libel
Character assassination
Chilling effect (law)
Crimen injuria
Criminal libel
Cyber defamation law
Defamation Act
Defamation of religion and the United Nations
Dignitary tort
False accusation
Insult (legal)
Intentional tort
Libel Act
Libel tourism
Malicious prosecution
Martin v. Hearst Corporation
Political libel
Rector v. Major League Baseball Advanced Media
Rumor
Small penis rule
Smear campaign
Strategic lawsuit against public participation
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References[]
Citations[]
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Ron Hankin, Navigating the Legal Minefield of Private Investigations: A Career-Saving Guide for Private Investigators, Detectives, And Security Police, Looseleaf Law Publications, 2008, p. 59. "There are five essential elements to defamation: (1) The accusation is false; and (2) it impeaches the subject's character; and (3) it is published to a third person; and (4) it damages the reputation of the subject; and (5) that the accusation is done intentionally or with fault such as wanton disregard of facts."
Roger LeRoy Miller, Gaylord A. Jentz, Business Law Today: The Essentials, Cengage Learning, 2007, p. 115. "In other words, making a negative statement about another person is not defamation unless the statement is false and represents something as a fact (for example, 'Vladik cheats on his taxes') rather than a personal opinion (for example, 'Vladik is a jerk')."
Michael G. Parkinson, L. Marie Parkinson, Law for advertising, broadcasting, journalism, and public relations, Routledge, 2006, p. 273. "Simplifying a very complicated decision, the court said that because the plaintiff must prove a statement is false in order to win an action in defamation, it is impossible to win an action in defamation if the statement, by its very nature, cannot be proven false."
Edward Lee Lamoureux, Steven L. Baron, Claire Stewart, Intellectual property law and interactive media: free for a fee, Peter Lang, 2009, p. 190. "A statement can only be defamatory if it is false; therefore true statements of fact about others, regardless of the damage rendered, are not defamatory (although such comments might represent other sorts of privacy or hate speech violations). Defamation may occur when one party (the eventual defendant if a case goes forward) writes or says something that is false about a second party (plaintiff) such that some third party 'receives' the communication, and the communication of false information damages the plaintiff".
↑ Linda L. Edwards, J. Stanley Edwards, Patricia Kirtley Wells, Tort Law for Legal Assistants, Cengage Learning, 2008, p. 390. "Libel refers to written defamatory statements; slander refers to oral statements. Libel encompasses communications occurring in 'physical form'... defamatory statements on records and computer tapes are considered libel rather than slander."
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↑ Judicial Yuan Interpretation No. 509 translated by Joe Y.C. Wu.
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↑ Florida Statutes, §§ 836.01–836.11
↑ Idaho Code, §§ 18-4801–18-4809
↑ Illinois Compiled Statutes, Chapter 720 § 300 (related only to banking and trust businesses, not to individuals)
↑ no statutorily defined crime, but article 1, § 7 of the Iowa Constitution states that truth shall be a defense in criminal-libel lawsuits. The case of Park v. Hill 380 F. Supp. 2d 1002 (N. D. Iowa 2005) set the basic rules of Iowa about criminal defamation/libel, defining what it is, while the case of State v. Heacock 76 N. W. 654 (Iowa 1898) set the Iowan rules about public persecution for the crime
↑ Kansas Statutes Annotated, § 21-6103(a)(1)
↑ Kentucky Revised Statutes, § 432.280 (related only to acting judges and courts)
↑ Louisiana Revised Statutes, § 14:47
↑ Massachusetts Revised Statutes, Ch. 272 § 98C (related only to publishing materials, aiming at spreading hatred against groups of people of a race, skin color, religion, thus, in practice, serving as a sort of hate crime law, but still, it's classified as a libel)
↑ Michigan Compiled Laws, §§ 750.370–750.371
↑ Minnesota Statutes. § 609.765
↑ Mississippi Code Annotated, §97-3-55
↑ Montana Code Annotated, § 45-8-212
↑ Nevada Revised Statutes §§ 200.510–200.560
↑ New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated, § 644:11
↑ New Mexico Statutes Annotated, § 30-11-1
↑ North Carolina General Statutes, § 14–47
↑ North Dakota Century Code, § 12.1-15-01
↑ Oklahoma Statutes, tit. 27 §§ 771–781
↑ South Carolina Code of Laws, § 16-7-150
↑ Texas Finance Code, §§59.002; 89.101; 119.202; 122.251; 199.001 (respectively related only to banks, savings and loans associations, savings banks, credit unions, state trust companies)
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Suppose you are new to investing, and would like to participate in the market but don’t have the time or knowledge to research individual stocks (or you’re just lazy), what should you do? Let’s explore a few options from the book: A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton G. Malkiel. For this article, let’s focus on two things, the importance of low fees and the asset allocation for the folks in their 20s according to Burton G. Malkiel.
HIGH FEES? WE DON’T NEED NO STINKIN’ HIGH FEES.
Now before you purchase that mutual fund your bank advisor is trying shove down your throat, consider looking at the different expense fees. Recently, many funds have come under criticism for their high fees and poor performance (compared to the benchmark), and rightfully so. Be aware of the MER, TER, front and back loads on these funds. A MER (Management Expense Ratio); is whats going to cost you for them to manage your money per year. A simple example is the following:
You find a nice mutual fund you’d like to invest in, and decide to place your hard earned $10,000 into that fund with an MER of 2.5% (this is high, and quite common). Essentially, you’ll lose $250 just to management expense fees. Now let’s assume the benchmark is the market, and it’s returning about 7%. Simply put it, you better hope your fund returns at least 9.5% just to get even with the market. Note that many funds, after fees don’t consistently outperform the market.
Now I know what you’re thinking, what’s 2.5% to you? Don’t think 2.5% is a lot?
Consider the following:
Let’s say you choose a fund that performs just as well as the market but has an MER of 2.5%. You invest $10,000 for 20 years.
Market performance: $10,000 at 7% compounded for 20 years: $38,697.
Fund performance: $10,000 at 4.5% (7-2.5) compounded for 20 years: $16,386.
You’ve indirectly lost $22,311, or about 136% to that “tiny” 2.5% fee. The longer the time, the more you lose indirectly to fees. High fees are crippling, and most people (especially starters) don’t notice them, so be careful.
“It is not necessary to do extraordinary things to get extraordinary results… By periodically investing in an index fund, the know-nothing investor can actually outperform most investment professionals.”
– Warren Buffett
For beginners, Burton G. Malkiel recommends diversifying to decrease risk by purchasing different Indexes or ETFS: Stocks, Bonds and REITs and by weighing them differently during the stages of your life. For starters in their early 20s, diversify, seek a no-load, low expense, broad-based index funds, and it’s advisable to make these purchases in a Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA).
Because you’ve got much time in your 20s before retirement, Malkiel recommends consistent contributions (to a no-load fund) and that the majority of your holdings:
–(70%) be of stocks. He recommends to put one half in U.S. small cap growth stocks (no-load, low expense Index and ETFs) and the other half in international stocks, including emerging markets.
-Cash (5%) should be in money-market fund or short term bond funds.
-Real estate (10%) should consist of high quality REIT portfolio.
-The remaining bonds (15%) should contain: no-load, high grade corporate bond fund, foreign bonds, some Treasury inflation protection securities or dividend growth stocks.
Some Equity Index Funds and ETFs tickers from A Random Walk Down Wall Street:
FSTMX, SWRXX, VFIAX, VOO, VTI, IWB, TWOK, VEMAX, VTIAX.
Now as you enter your 30s, 40s and so on, the mix of stocks, bonds, real estate (REITs) and cash will change. For instance, according to Malkiel, in your 30s, your Stocks-Cash-Bonds-Real Estate allocation would be: 65%-5%-20%-10%, respectively. You would slowly move to “safer” investments as you age.
If you’re relatively new to stocks, don’t expect quick gigantic returns, especially not from Malkiel’s recommendation. This type of diversified allocation has the goal to decrease risk through exposure of broad indexes. Long term index and ETFs are made to pay off in the long term. Briefly, for starters: the takeaway would be to look out for high fees and contribute to index and ETF funds according to your age. Always do your own research.
All in all, you can find the full asset allocation by age from: A Random Walk Down Wall Street. It was an amazing book, written like no other and it sheds new light to numerous important topics such as the efficient market hypothesis (EMH), behavioural finance, random walk theory, diversification and much more. I will have a review on this book soon. Meanwhile, you can find the book here.Of course all this, JMO (just my opinion).
In investing money, the amount of interest you want should depend on whether you want to eat well or sleep well.
-J. Kenfield Morley
Disclosure: I have no positions in any of the recommended ETFs or Indexes at the date of this article. I wrote this article myself and it expresses my own opinions, I am not a financial advisor. I do not get any compensation from this, other than from Amazon Affiliate links and advertisements. On the date that this article was posted, I have no affiliation with any of the ETFs or Indexes.
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2 thoughts on “For starters: Index and ETFs investing in your 20s according to Burton G. Malkiel”
Michael J
July 30, 2016 at 5:31 pm
I only lurk on reddit but just wanted to say I like what I’ve seen of your blog! I’d like to get investing in ETFs as from the no-longer-insignificant number of hours I’ve spent reading and listening to different options they seem like the best choice.
What I haven’t learned yet is how to actually buy them. This feels like a pretty stupid question but for someone in their 20s I’m not the most computer literate. Do you know of a tutorial or blog that goes into detail on the nuts and bolts of it so to speak?
Cheers
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416Investor
July 31, 2016 at 5:47 am
Hey Michael, thank you for your kind comment. Firstly, I apologize for the late reply. It is not an absurd question. So, there are a few things to consider. Firstly, you must have an investing account. This can be set up with a local bank or an online brokerage. Online brokerages are generally cheaper than banks, but it all depends on what you feel comfortable with, and what you find. So once you have your investment account opened, you usually transfer money from your regular bank account (debit) to the investing account. An ETF can be found just like a stock ticker. For instance, a popular ETF that tracks the S&P 500 would be VOO, if you’re using Canadian currency. VCN and VCE are popular Canadian Vanguard ETFs (with low fees). All in all, for the most part, you purchase ETFs like you purchase stocks, through your investment account, so you can type up the ticker in the search and it should pop up. I hope that sort of answered your question. You could ask more detailed ones, and hopefully I can help.
I made a search, and perhaps this site might answer some of your questions.
http://www.moneysmartsblog.com/how-to-buy-an-etf-or-stock-using-a-canadian-discount-brokerage/
And regarding ETFs, the following:
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/etf.asp
Now, I cannot guarantee the information in the sites are 100% accurate, so please always do your own research and verify the facts. I would be happy to answer any more specific questions.
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Corrosion in the distribution system is a very complex situation which is influenced by many water characteristics, by the metals used, and by any stray electrical current. We will briefly describe the influence of each characteristic in the following sections. You may want to refer to the explanation of the chemistry behind corrosion in order to understand some of these factors better.
Primary Water Characteristics
The chemical characteristics of the water flowing through a pipe will influence whether the water is stable and will also affect the extent of any corrosive reaction. Primary factors include alkalinity, hardness, and pH, but oxidizing agents, carbon dioxide, and dissolved solids can also influence corrosion and will be discussed in the next section.
Alkalinity, hardness, and pH interact to determine whether the water will produce scale or corrosion or will be stable. The table below summarizes characteristics of corrosive water and of scale-forming water.
Corrosive Water
Scale-forming Water
low pH
soft or with primarily noncarbonate hardness
low alkalinity
high pH
hard with primarily carbonate hardness
high alkalinity
In general, corrosion is the result of water with a low pH. Acidic waters have lots of H+ ions in the water to react with the electrons at the cathode, so corrosion is enhanced. In contrast, water with a higher pH (basic water) lowers the solubility of calcium carbonate so that the calcium carbonate is more likely to precipitate out as scale.
Scaling tends to be the result of water with a high hardness. Hard water typically contains a lot of calcium compounds which can precipitate out as calcium carbonate. However, if the hardness in the water is primarily noncarbonate, the chlorate and sulfate ions will tend to keep the calcium in solution and will prevent scale formation.
Alkalinity is a measure of how easily the pH of the water can be changed, so it can be considered to be a mitigating influence with regards to pH. Water with a high alkalinity is more likely to be scale-forming even at a relatively low pH. In contrast, low alkalinity waters lack the buffering capacity to deal with acids, so they can easily become acidic and corrosive.
The graph above is known as the Baylis Curve. It shows the relationship
between pH, alkalinity, and water stability. Water above the lines is
scale-forming while water below the lines is corrosive. Stable water is
found in the white area between the lines.
Secondary Water Characteristics
Other chemicals and compounds found in water also influence the corrosion process. The most common of these are oxygen, carbon dioxide, and dissolved solids.
Oxygen reacts with hydrogen gas at the cathode, causing depolarization and speeding up the corrosion. As a result, water with a high D.O. (dissolved oxygen) will tend to be corrosive. Other oxidizing agents can perform the same function, although they are less common. Nitrates and chlorine are two other oxidizing agents found in water.
Carbon dioxide in water also tends to cause corrosion. The carbon dioxide gas can combine with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the water. As mentioned in the last section, a low pH promotes corrosion.
Dissolved solids are typically present in water as ions. These ions increase the electrical conductivity of the water, making the electrolyte more effective. Thus, they will increase the rate of corrosion.
Physical Water Characteristics
In addition to the chemical properties of water, physical characteristics will influence corrosion. The most important of these physical characteristics are temperature and velocity of flow.
Temperature speeds up the rate of corrosion just as it does most other reactions. However, the effect of temperature on corrosion can be more complex. A high water temperature reduces the solubility of calcium carbonate in water, which promotes scale formation and slows corrosion. Temperature also alters the form of corrosion. Pits and tubercles tend to form in cold water while hot water promotes uniform corrosion. Uniform corrosion spreading across the entire surface of a pipe is far less problematic than tuberculation, so high temperatures can actually seem to slow the corrosive process.
The influence of flow velocity on corrosion is also rather complex. Moderate flow rates are the most beneficial since they promote the formation of scale without breaking loose tubercles. At low flow velocities, corrosion is increased and tends to be in the form of tuberculation due to the prevalence of oxygen concentration cell corrosion. At very high flow velocities, abrasion of the water against the pipe tends to wear the pipe away in a very different form of corrosion. High flow velocities also remove protective scale and tubercles and increase the contact of the pipe with oxygen, all of which will increase the rate of corrosion.
Bacteria
Bacteria can both cause and accelerate the rate of corrosion. In general, bacterial colonies on pipe walls accelerate corrosion below them due to oxygen cell concentration, causing increased pitting and tuberculation. Like humans, some bacteria produce carbon dioxide, which can combine with water to become carbonic acid and accelerate corrosion. The bacterial colonies also block the deposition of calcium carbonate scale on the pipe walls.
A colony of iron bacteria.
There are two main types of corrosion-related bacteria, each of which causes its own set of additional corrosion problems. Iron bacteria use the ferrous iron created at the anode, converting it into rust which they deposit in the slime around their cells. Since they use up the ferrous iron, this increases the rate of corrosion. Their slime can also come loose during high flow velocities, causing red water complaints and a bad smell.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria use up sulfate in the water to produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is an acid which can react with metals, causing corrosion. In addition, the sulfides produce a distinctive rotten egg smell.
Other Factors
Factors other than water characteristics and bacteria can also influence corrosion. Characteristics of the metal pipe and electrical currents are common causes of corrosion.
Metals higher on the galvanic series tend to be more corrosive while metals further apart on the series are more likely to cause galvanic corrosion. In galvanic corrosion, the size of the cathode in relation to the anode has a large influence on corrosion as well. Larger cathodes tend to promote corrosion by speeding the electrical current's flow. When a system has very small anodes and large cathodes, corrosion is so rapid at the anodes that pinholes tend to form all the way through the metal.
Stray electrical current can cause electrolytic corrosion. Electrolysis usually causes problems on the outsides of pipes.
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Benjamin Pinch passed through Penticton, on his west-east walk across Canada. (Phil McLachlan - Western News)
700km in on a walk across Canada, B.C. man passes through Okanagan
Benjamin Pinch talks dropping everything to fulfill his lifelong dream of walking across the country
Phil McLachlan
Jun. 19, 2020 6:00 a.m.
News
Benjamin Pinch is not the same man he was 44 days ago. The woods, he says, have a habit of changing you.
It’s dusk, and his silhouette bobs as he ascends the Kettle Valley Rail Trail towards the Little Tunnel, overlooking the South Okanagan town of Naramata. Weaving around him is his canine partner, Jade, carrying her own food in a makeshift saddlebag.
The arid, rocky landscape is covered with desert grasses, bushes and cacti. Turkey vultures fly overhead, some landing to take shelter from the impending rain in the distance.
Clad in a wool poncho and jeans, it’s the twinkle in his eyes that catches your attention.
With over 700 kilometers now behind him, every day Pinch comes one step closer to his final destination: Newfoundland. His reason for walking across Canada? To fulfill a lifelong dream.
READ MORE: ‘It’s going to be a test by fire’: Northern B.C. men build homemade catamaran
Now through Penticton, Pinch has but 23,221 km to go on his eastbound adventure.
“It’s my second dream, I already accomplished my first dream: I got my self-sustaining cabin out in the woods,” he says. “When I was younger, probably elementary school, Terry Fox was going across Canada, ever since then, it stuck in my head.”
It’s at this cabin in Winnipegosis, MB, that the Campbell River native plans to hunker down for the winter, before completing his walk by the end of summer 2021.
Campbell River native Benjamin Pinch has been hiking since May, his final destination, Newfoundland. To stay safe amid COVID-19, he has been keeping his distance, only been stopping when essential, washing his hands and also carries sanitizer. (Phil McLachlan – Western News)
The 32-year-old has been walking his entire life. In fact, he didn’t feel the need to get his driver’s licence until he was 25. In Campbell River, he ran a cleaning business, Static Cleaning, off of his bike.
At the beginning of May, Pinch sold some of his possessions, and with the support of his kids, left home.
“It’s kind of like a big spiritual journey too. Something just told me at the same sense, this is the time to do it, it’s the time to go now. Just go,” he says.
Sticking to the Great Trail (also known as the Trans Canada Trail), Pinch covers about 30 kilometers a day. Coming out the other side, he hopes to gain a deeper understanding of himself.
It wasn’t until he starting walking, and had time to think, that Pinch realized he had already accomplished his first dream. Time on the trail has allowed him to slow down and examine himself.
“I had a tough time to slow down and process, and go through the things in my life, because I was always a super, super busy person,” he says. “I worked days; I worked nights.”
So far he’s been blessed with good weather, good people, and just a few wild animals. One section, however, caught him off guard.
“Coming over Paleface Mountain [East of Chilliwack Lake] I wasn’t expecting there to be a whole bunch of snow. There was snow probably up to my neck. I had no snowshoes or nothing, it was nice and hard at least, but in the sun it was soft, and I dropped into a couple of wells and stuff like that,” he says.
“I had the trekking poles that are on the side of my bag and I bent one of them trying to catch myself, so I didn’t break my leg on the ice on the inside.”
At this point he knew he had to slow down if he was going to get through the section safely.
“I was in a rush to get down the mountain because it had taken me too long, and I didn’t want to be stuck on the top.”
READ MORE: Snow delays summer opening of Big White Ski Resort
It was on this mountain that Pinch also encountered two black bears. He saw two more once he entered into the Okanagan region.
He also came across another predator that wasn’t as skittish as the bears.
Pinch rounded a corner and saw a cougar stopped on the trail in front of him. After discharging a bear-banger, the cougar weaved from side to side, and disappeared.
“It’s been pretty epic,” says Pinch.
The view from Little Tunnel, down to Okanagan Lake, looking North. (Phil McLachlan – Western News)
Along the journey so far, Pinch has met some interesting people. Those that take the time to stop and say hello will hear his story; others who walk or ride past will never know.
“A lot of people, they think it’s an impossible journey, but realistically when you actually think about it, you’re just walking. And how much walking do you do every single day,” he says.
“Just go and do it. Because if it’s one of your dreams, you’re going to be working towards somebody else’s dream the rest of your life, so you might as well stop what you’re doing and do what you need to do, to get your dreams out of the way.”
Pinch has no plans of stopping once he completes the Great Trail. Next he hopes to take on the Pacific Crest Trail, a 4,270 kilometer trail winding down from the Canadian border, through Washington, south to the U.S./Mexico border.
“After all this is done, I think I’m just going to keep on walking.”
Throughout his journey, when he has service, Pinch updates his Facebook page, Stacking The Steps. Follow him on his adventures by clicking here.
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I'm a product description. I’m a great place to include more information about your product. Buyers like to know what they’re getting before they purchase.
copy of copy of copy of copy of I'm a product
19,99 € Regular Price
14,99 €Sale Price
Quantity
Add to Cart
PRODUCT INFO
I'm a product detail. I'm a great place to add more information about your product such as sizing, material, care and cleaning instructions. This is also a great space to write what makes this product special and how your customers can benefit from this item. Buyers like to know what they’re getting before they purchase, so give them as much information as possible so they can buy with confidence and certainty.
RETURN AND REFUND POLICY
I’m a Return and Refund policy. I’m a great place to let your customers know what to do in case they are dissatisfied with their purchase. Having a straightforward refund or exchange policy is a great way to build trust and reassure your customers that they can buy with confidence.
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Can agriculture get over its grounding and grow beyond its roots? Is the future of agriculture vertical? Image Credit- Naritya
Our world is urbanising at an unprecedented rate. Cities are growing in area and population. 55% of the world’s people already live in cities and the number, as well as the percentage, is rapidly growing, almost by a unit every two years. As cities expand in size and scope, the free spaces available for various activities shrink. Agriculture, particularly crop farming in India is a sector with a disproportionately high employment to product value ratio, implying it employs a lot of people, a large share of the country's population but contributes a diminutive portion to the Gross Domestic Product. Often, owing to seasonal and latent unemployment, a lot of human resource goes underutilised. As agriculture modernises, and semi-automation is introduced, at least a member from each family latently or seasonally-employed elects to migrate towards towns and cities in search of a source of constant employment and steady occupation. A burgeoning urban service sector with expanding blue and grey collar jobs often fulfil their quest. Nonetheless, both rural and urban areas are witnessing steep population growths and demand for food is ever-increasing. Urbanisation, Pollution from Industries and indiscriminate waste disposal, Fragmentation, Loss of fertility due to the reckless deployment of chemicals, and growing Builtup have all shrunk the available, viable agricultural land.
COVID-19 has led to a lot of wastage of agricultural produce in both developing as well as developed nations due to the crumbling of supply chains. Streamlining the flow of produce from farm to table is a major challenge, especially in India, with the presence of a chain of middlemen who add no value, elevate costs for consumers, pay farmers frugally, add an excruciating winding volume to the supply channel increasing chances of wastage, and leech out the economy. In the developed nations, produce often travels ridiculous distances, incurring unnecessary transport costs. It’s not uncommon to come across a tiny packet of a food item manufactured half a world across. Supply chains are complicated for no reason. According to the “The State of Food and Agriculture 2019” report by the UN Food and Agricultural Association, 14% of the world’s food is lost between harvest and retail. It stands to anyone’s reason that producing food close to the consumer saves a lot of quality, quantity, time, labour, and botheration. The problem is with diversity: how do you cater to the diverse, multifarious whims and fancies of modern consumerism where an individual is conditioned to have their sudden-onset unpredictable midnight craving for an oddly-specific food item instantly satisfied? The answer is simple, decentralise agriculture and let (empower) the consumer (to) grow what they want, when they want and where they can. Eat what you grow and you shall always have plenty and never have to be concerned about labels of preferences, whether arbitrary or justified, as organic, non-GMO, pesticide-free, and so on.
That brings us to our final question: How to grow food in cities?
Cities are expanding vertically faster than they are expanding in area. It not only saves space but ensures better connectivity and accessibility. The current urban infrastructural future is of vertical construction and with our resources and lands under great strains, shall likely remain so. The skyline of any developing city is imagined as a cluster of futuristic glass-and-metal skyscrapers, which for that matter are rapidly growing in numbers, so it is pertinent to explore the prospects of cultivation in high-rise apartment blocks and commercial towers.
Skyscraper farms shall curb our dependency on lengthy (in every sense) supply chains, and enable high local customisability. More importantly, they shall save a lot of freshwater, large tracts of forests, and a great deal of pollution. Agricultural usage accounts for 70-90% of our freshwater usage. As population grows, so does the demand for food and the pressure on existing arable land that is mostly eased through deforestation. Vertical infrastructure offers us as new surfaces to cultivate upon. Unlike farmlands, skyscraper agriculture can be modularised, is highly scalable, customisable, and adaptable, and needs lesser protective attendance.
A major challenge though is the availability of Sunlight especially in a region of close-packed high-rise structure. In one of our articles, we discussed how research has shown that most plants adapt well to growing in shade and some thrive particularly well even better than they do when fully insolated. However, in very crowded metropolitan blocks, even diffuse, slant sunlight is scarce, and there are obvious limits to the plant’s coping and adaptive ability. One proposed implementation is to install elevator frames circumscribing the building that alternately raise vegetation of each level to the top to derive its daily supply of direct solar exposure for several minutes. By geometric considerations, a few well-spaced, wide, gigantic integrated residential and farming structures are better than a number of thin, narrow, specific, dedicated units. Simply put, big skyscrapers work better than a cluster of smaller ones. Moreover, mixing tall and medium structures is better than having their distinct individual clusters. Again, we could take a leaf (pun intended) out of nature’s playbook and study the efficiency and suitability patterns of plants with a few, big leaves and those with numerous, small leaflets. Further, a horizontal alternating jagged arrangement of the apartment floors resembling a jenga stack would maximally enhance the effective solar interception. Surface-area to perimeter considerations are crucial here as are plant’s thresholds of productivity under limited insolation.
Drip irrigation, hydroponics (growing crops with their roots immersed in aqueous nutritive media) and avant-garde aeroponics (vertically stacking racks of plants irrigated directly at the root by means of drippers or sprinklers) are not only easier to implement in high-rise apartment, office, and dedicated farming blocks but can also be seamlessly automated using the increasingly prevalent IoT systems that are being integrated in novel urban structures. Automation of everything from irrigation and pesticide sprinkling to solar-optimal orientation shall facilitate the adoption of urban agriculture, making it extremely convenient, accessible, dependable, and even perhaps recreational. Automation shall not only enable integration of technology with agriculture and its optimisation but also integration of various functioning of urban spaces which often overlap. For example, solar photovoltaic facilities can be integrated with farming ones using IoT and Machine Learning which enables the command centre to automatically optimally expose either according to their dynamic demands to the Sun, balancing their requirements and optimising yield and convenience as per specific and changing needs of the dwellers. Such fine tuning is difficult to achieve in facilities spread out in two dimensions. AI has the potential to render agricultural caretaking so hassle-free and self-adjusting as to turn agriculture into a pleasurable act rather than a demanding activity requiring constant vigilance and mindfulness.
Towering urban blocks can be developed as farm cum markets to further facilitate consumer access, an arrangement especially convenient for perishables and short-shelf life items. With microclimatic regulation, new non-natural varieties of foodcrops can become viable and accessible to grow in areas with unsuitable climates, expanding and diversifying the urban platter. Urban agriculture shall also serve to improve the aesthetics and air quality of high-rise structures and check indoor pollution. Plants serve as great sound and dust absorbents both of which are growing menaces in large urban areas.
In urban housing environments, plants are better protected from the vagaries of nature as climate extremes, calamitous and catastrophic occurrences, pests, and plant infections. Owing to proximity, localisation, and flexibility of discreteness and integration, the unique needs of specific crops in specific environments can be met and unexpected demands immediately catered to.
Plants have, over the course of half a billion years, forged numerous symbiotic relationships within and across kingdoms, internalising and prompting environmental tunings. It is time we explore the most ambitious, intimate, and productive symbiosis of the Anthropocene, a pioneering inclusivity that shall lay the foundations of pan-nature planetary development.
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AHC: No high-speed rail
Thread starter Whiteshore
Start date Sep 19, 2021
Tags
ahc cars high speed rail stillborn
Sep 19, 2021
#1
Whiteshore
With a POD after 1900, come up with a scenario where high-speed rail is something that is the domain of science fiction and prototypes which don't get into production as opposed to the situation in our world where high speed rail is something which crisscrosses large parts of Europe and Asia.
Sep 20, 2021
1
#2
Interdimensional Nomad
Your usual run-of-the-mill Axis victory (Nazi Germany beats the USSR and an Allied landing doesn't happen or is beaten back, but Japan is still defeated by the Allies) could have the effect of delaying the emergence of proper high-speed rail (proper high speed rail in this case being a grade-separated system allowing speeds of at least 250 km/h, as per the European Union Directive's 98/48/EC's definition of category 1 high speed rail). A Japan that sees its allies Germany and Italy still alive and kicking is more likely to fight to the bitter end than in OTL, perhaps forcing more atomic bombings and a ground invasion of the Home Islands itself. The result being that Japan emerges from the war even more damaged and weakened than in OTL. Add in the Allies being focused on a more intense and expensive Cold War against Germany, and being less enthusiastic about funding the rebuilding of a former Axis power when it's farther the frontline of this Cold War than the OTL one, and when the other major Axis power is still a threat and now a superpower, and you could have Japan being in no economic or developmental position to build the Shinkansen by the 1960s.
The Shinkansen was a significant breakthrough for high-speed rail since it proved that grade-separation was viable, made a significant difference in average speed and time saved when they didn't share the line with slower trains, and that trains weren't an archaic form of transportation that was naturally and inevitably being superseded by cars and planes; they could still have a major place in intercity transport. It was the stated inspiration for high-speed systems in European countries, like the TGV, the ICE, and the Intercity 125/225, and even the increasing of train speeds in North America. Without it, the whole idea of high-speed rail could remain stuck in its interwar and postwar entropy for a longer time.
Nazi-ruled Europe, meanwhile, would still be touting the rapidly expanding Autobahn system and the auto industry as a source of national pride, and cars themselves as status symbols and something the average person would have the luxury of owning because of the state's prosperity and whatnot (the Volkswagen Beetle, the People's Car, was heavily featured in Nazi propaganda of the time), creating a car culture perhaps more comparable to our US in the second half of the 20th century than anything Europe has seen in OTL. Thus, heavy reliance on freeways and personal cars would have a similar effect on passenger rail travel as it did in the OTL US. While Nazi Germany did plan to build a grade-separated railway system for routes between major European cities (the ridiculously huge Breitspurbahn trains), from what few concept drawings I've seen those trains, they don't exactly look like trains designed to hit 250 km/h. The majority of Breitspurbahn locomotive designs seemed to be steam or diesel powered, and in OTL no steam locomotive has come close to hitting 250 km/h, and the fastest diesel locomotive (the Intercity 125) could only just barely manage that in a test run. The Breitspurbahn trains would probably be fast, but not the definition of high-speed kind of fast. Of course, this is assuming the project could even get off the ground, far from a guarantee given how uneconomically huge those trains were and the entropy and prestige loss that the rail system would likely suffer under car culture.
Still though, like the internet, the airline industry, and WMDs, this seems like an idea that, with an after-1900 PoD, will inevitably happen within the century (barring a civilization-ending apocalypse or something). The US has still gone through the Interurban Era, which, while it eventually ended, came pretty close to paving the way for proper high speed rail, and was a testbed for several of its key features (many lines were grade-separated, some sought to reduce or eliminate the use of grade crossings on the route, and nearly all used electric traction for the benefits in acceleration and speed it offered). The Northeast Corridor is still all too convenient a location for fast rail travel for people to ignore, and Britain would inevitably need to upgrade is then-archaic railway infrastructure sooner or later. Even in the year 1900, air-line railroads (relatively flat and straight railroads that deliberately chose a shorter and faster route over an easier route), lines dedicated to fast traffic, and the common designers' goal of making faster locomotives were not a new concept. As long as trains exist and are used to carry people, people will always have the idea, and make the effort, to make them move faster.
Proper high-speed rail can be delayed, but with a PoD of 1900, I think it would inevitably happen within the 20th century. Even if it can't be started in Japan, it will start somewhere, whether in the US, the UK, or another one of their allies.
Sep 20, 2021
1
#3
Thunderfire
Interdimensional Nomad said:
Your usual run-of-the-mill Axis victory (Nazi Germany beats the USSR and an Allied landing doesn't happen or is beaten back, but Japan is still defeated by the Allies) could have the effect of delaying the emergence of proper high-speed rail (proper high speed rail in this case being a grade-separated system allowing speeds of at least 250 km/h.
Click to expand...
Doesn't work. One of Hitlers pet projects was the Breitspurbahn . There is a high probability that this one will turn into a high speed rail in the 1960.
Sep 20, 2021
#4
Whiteshore
Interdimensional Nomad said:
Add in the Allies being focused on a more intense and expensive Cold War against Germany, and being less enthusiastic about funding the rebuilding of a former Axis power when it's farther the frontline of this Cold War than the OTL one, and when the other major Axis power is still a threat and now a superpower, and you could have Japan being in no economic or developmental position to build the Shinkansen by the 1960s.
Click to expand...
And where Chiang's KMT is probably a more "reliable" partner from the POV of the Allies.
Sep 20, 2021
#5
Riain
I think stopping trains from going faster would be akin to stopping cars and planes from going faster, stuff gets faster over time! Trains were going 200km//h before WW2, Eventually something was bound to happen.
Sep 20, 2021
#6
MKD
It is nonsensical. - High speed rail is designed as anything 124 mph or higher.
PS: Best not tell Mallard. Gresley wont be happy at all ;-)
Sep 20, 2021
#7
Devvy
Donor
I think it's very difficult. There are several densely populated areas where the requirements of transport (whether private or public) lead to desires for fast rail services.
Japan, post WWII, had little natural resources and a densely populated region; it's about as perfect a mix as you can get for fast electric rail services between large cities. Followed by France, who had large cities spread out across the country.
I think your best bet is not to try to leave high speed rail in science fiction - the very term "high speed" has got higher as time has passed and speed has increased, and people will inevitably try to push the speed envelope yet further. Trying to keep it's implementation as small as possible is probably best, although with dense countries again that's difficult; planes are not that big, and dense populations lead to significant congestion problems and the lack of desire for paving motorways everywhere. You can probably limit it to Japan, Korea and probably France. Although inevitably, other European nations will want to increase their rail speeds, leading to de facto high speed rail even if it's not on dedicated routes.
Either that, or you semantically work around the OP statement by introducing something which technically isn't high speed rail, but covers most of it's business impact. Tracked Hovercraft or Transrapid? Both push at the definition of what a "railway" is (wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks).
Sep 20, 2021
1
#8
Workable Goblin
Riain said:
I think stopping trains from going faster would be akin to stopping cars and planes from going faster, stuff gets faster over time! Trains were going 200km//h before WW2, Eventually something was bound to happen.
Click to expand...
But, er, planes did stop going faster. A modern jet airliner is only about as fast as a jet airliner from the 1950s, and even slower than some (to wit the Convair 880/990). It just proved uneconomical and very technically difficult to make them keep going faster, so investment stopped going that way and Concorde flopped. In principle the same could be true and likely will be true of increasing rail speeds, it's just that the upper limit of economical and technically feasible rail speeds with conventional technology is way faster than trains were actually going in the 1930s or 1940s, and it's not clear whether alternative technologies will end up being infeasible.
Sep 20, 2021
#9
Interdimensional Nomad
Thunderfire said:
Doesn't work. One of Hitlers pet projects was the Breitspurbahn . There is a high probability that this one will turn into a high speed rail in the 1960.
Click to expand...
As I said, I think the Breitspurbahn would be fast, but likely wouldn't be able to hit 250 km/h, with the mostly steam and diesel locomotive designs they seemed to be proposing for them. And that there's a relatively significant chance that it wouldn't be built by 1964 (the year in OTL when the Shinkansen entered service), what with it being unnecessarily enormous (Hitler ignored literally every railway expert he consulted when they all said it was a bad idea), and I question whether it would be able to overcome the car culture that would be as pervasive in Nazi-ruled Europe as it was in postwar North America in OTL.
Sep 20, 2021
#10
Riain
Workable Goblin said:
But, er, planes did stop going faster. A modern jet airliner is only about as fast as a jet airliner from the 1950s, and even slower than some (to wit the Convair 880/990). It just proved uneconomical and very technically difficult to make them keep going faster, so investment stopped going that way and Concorde flopped. In principle the same could be true and likely will be true of increasing rail speeds, it's just that the upper limit of economical and technically feasible rail speeds with conventional technology is way faster than trains were actually going in the 1930s or 1940s, and it's not clear whether alternative technologies will end up being infeasible.
Click to expand...
Planes reached their highest effective and economical speed, just like steel on steel trains have maxed out at 300-350km/h about 20-30 years after the first real concerted effort to build a high speed network, and many HSR systems are considerably slower than that.
Sep 21, 2021
#11
Thunderfire
Interdimensional Nomad said:
As I said, I think the Breitspurbahn would be fast, but likely wouldn't be able to hit 250 km/h, with the mostly steam and diesel locomotive designs they seemed to be proposing for them. And that there's a relatively significant chance that it wouldn't be built by 1964 (the year in OTL when the Shinkansen entered service), what with it being unnecessarily enormous (Hitler ignored literally every railway expert he consulted when they all said it was a bad idea), and I question whether it would be able to overcome the car culture that would be as pervasive in Nazi-ruled Europe as it was in postwar North America in OTL.
Click to expand...
Car culture is impossible without a reliable source of oil. The allies control most sources and the former soviet union will be full of partisans. Nazi germany will never be able to reach west german levels of private transport. Even east germany levels will be a challange for ATL germany.
Sep 21, 2021
#12
Interdimensional Nomad
Thunderfire said:
Car culture is impossible without a reliable source of oil. The allies control most sources and the former soviet union will be full of partisans. Nazi germany will never be able to reach west german levels of private transport. Even east germany levels will be a challange for ATL germany.
Click to expand...
I figured the partisan issue would be mostly dealt with by the 1960s (by which time basically the entire population of European Russia was to be genocided or germanized), but yeah, point taken. The fuel could easily be an issue.
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0.976031 |
Arsenal paper over the cracks of a turbulent season in a big big way by extending their already impressive FA Cup trophy haul to 14 with an impressive win over Chelsea thanks to two expertly taken Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang goals. We'll unpack all the brilliance and (mercifully little) bozo-ness, discuss favorable refereeing and transfer window prospects ahead of Mikel Arteta's first full upcoming season in charge of Arsenal...
...and lastly, from the bottom of our hearts, when it comes to your Arsenal-supporting futures, goodbye and goodluck: this is our final podcast episode. After almost 11 years of euphoric highs and (seemingly) guttural lows, we're heading on to pastures anew in many respects. One thing we're not leaving behind though is our love for by far the greatest team the world has ever seen, so if an Arsenal match is on, be sure to look for us in a nearby pub, wherever you may be in the US, or better yet, catch us for a game at the Emirates, COVID-permitting.
It's been a joy sharing these moments with you over the internet airwaves for the last 11 years, so until we see you again remember: support the Arsenal.
Monday, May 11, 2020
COVID Log 5-10-20
Grab the new podcast from iTunes, our raw RSS feed or our archive.
Arsenal begin training and the Premiership keeps churning out crazy ideas as things begin lurching towards a resumption of footballing action. We'll talk the inherent wisdom of resuming the Premiership in the ways suggested, plus some (minor) Henrikh Mkhitaryan waffle and more COVID-related Arsenal shenanigans...
Monday, April 6, 2020
COVID Log 4-5-20
Grab the new podcast from iTunes, our raw RSS feed or our archive.
In a place where the warmth of the sun has no value, and time has no meaning -- so basically, present-day earth -- we turn our attentions to more immediately critical things, like how the world safely resumes footballing activities, whether Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang will get so bored he'll decide that just staying and mucking about with Arsenal for a few more years is better than playing 20 season of FIFA in 3 days, and which canned "We're Monitoring the COVID Virus" company email is the absolute worst, all with the help of regular guest Sam Limbert...
Monday, March 23, 2020
COVID Log 3-23-20
Grab the new podcast from iTunes, our raw RSS feed or our archive.
As the Coronapocalypse brings all football activity (and just all activity in general) to a halt, the podcast discusses Arteta's recovery and the surreal vacuum absolutely no sport creates on day-to-day life, postulates the ramifications of COVID-19 on professional football in the coming year, plus analyzes recruiting tactical changes and what effect they could have on Arsenal in the years to come.
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0.997404 |
Hi, my name is Shawn, and I am a Doomscroller. You might be one too. Not sure what that is, check out a few paragraphs from the New York Times last year:
Your phone alarm goes off at 6 in the morning. You check some news sites and Facebook. It’s bad news after bad news. Coronavirus cases keep climbing, and so do deaths. Children can’t go back to school. Your favorite restaurant and barbershop are still closed. People are losing their jobs.
Everything is awful. The world, as we remember it has ended. Next thing you know, it’s 9 a.m. You haven’t climbed out of your pit of despair yet to even shower. You repeat this masochistic exercise during your lunch break—and again while getting ready for bed.
This experience of sinking into emotional quicksand while bingeing on doom-and-gloom news is so common that there’s now internet lingo for it: “doomscrolling.” Exacerbating this behavior, shelter-in-place orders leave us with little to do other than to look at our screens; by some measures, our screen time has jumped at least 50 percent. (New York Times Article: https://shawnslinks.com/doom.)
I’ll have to admit that over the years, I have been a news junkie. I just can’t get enough of it. In the last year, however, I have cut way back on watching the news on TV or online. I do read through headlines and only go to the things that interest me the most. The headline regarding this New York Times article was one of those that caught my attention. As I read it, I kept thinking, “well, that is me, oh, and that is me, and that too.” Since COVID-19 settled in as cloud hovering over our 2020-2021 existence, I have been “Doomscrolling.” Many of us have been. But why?
Many of us are trying to figure out what is happening and where the trend lines of our post-pandemic world are going so we can speak into what our businesses, organizations, and community groups will do next. Schools, little leagues, family gatherings, camps, churches, and all kinds of groups have had to navigate our world’s return to normal.
Recently, God drew my heart to a passage of Scripture that I had memorized when I was in high school. In the passage in 2 Corinthians chapter four, Paul talks about how challenging and difficult life had been for him as he served Jesus. In verses eight and nine, he wrote about having terrible things happen to him, but that they had not crushed, destroyed, or driven him to despair. Paul talked in the prior verse about having the wonderful treasure of God’s presence dwelling in Him. He knew He was not alone.
The Apostle Paul then shared in verse sixteen how the circumstances of life were aging him physically on the outside, but that his inner being was being renewed by the Lord each day. The chapter concludes with Paul explaining that what he was experiencing was temporary and would make the joy and reward of heaven that much better and sweeter. He challenges us in the final verse to keep our eyes on eternal things, not on temporary things.
If you too admit to Doomscrolling or you have just been in an emotional or spiritual funk as a result of the headlines that impact on our world and your life, lift up your eyes. Let’s focus on the eternal, not the temporary. As we lift our hearts and perspective to the eternal, we truly lift our hearts to our God. We look to the one Who made eternity possible in His Son Jesus. Courage comes as we look beyond the headlines of the day and see our eternal God!
To practically switch from the focus of all our world is experiencing today to our Lord, we first have to stop Doomscrolling. Let it go. I am writing these words for myself just as much as for you. Replace your reading of the news with something encouraging. Read God’s Word. Replace the materials adding to your doom and gloom with stuff that brings you hope and joy!
Instead of doomscrolling, let’s lift our eyes to the things that will last for eternity!
Today’s Prayer
Lord, convict me regarding my obsession with the doom of our world. Help me to lift my eyes up and see you afresh. Replace the heaviness this world brings into my heart with the joy of you and your hope in my life! - Amen
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0.997444 |
The focal length is a measure of how a lens converges light. It can be used to know the magnification factor of the lens and given the size of the sensor, calculate the angle of view. A standard reference used for comparisons is the 35 mm format, which is a sensor of size 36×24 mm. A standard wide angle lens would have around 28 to 35 millimeters based on the 35 mm format.
The smaller the number, the wider the lens is.
Close
Focal length
The focal length is a measure of how a lens converges light. It can be used to know the magnification factor of the lens and given the size of the sensor, calculate the angle of view. The native focal length of the sensor cannot be used for comparisons between different cameras unless they have the same size. Therefore, the focal length in 35 mm terms is a better reference.
For the same sensor, the smaller the number, the wider the lens is.
Close
Aperture
The aperture of a lens, expressed as the f-number, is the ratio of the lens focal length and the diameter of the front lens element. Being all other factors equal, the smaller the number, the more light the sensor is able to capture. More information on Wikipedia.
Close
Stabilization
Indicates the type of image stabilization this lens has:
OIS: the optical image stabilization is the best stabilization, as either the sensor or the lens is being activiely moved to compensate for camera shake, and is the most effective in correcting it.
EIS: the electronic image stabilization is a good alternative for video that does not require any moving parts in the camera module. It uses a cropped portion of the sensor to provide the actual image, and the rest is used as buffer to try to keep the image as stable as possible. A larger buffer region can compensate larger movement, but also reduces the size of the output. This stabilization does not help for pictures.
Close
Horizontal field of view
The horizontal field of view in degrees this lens is able to capture, when using the maximum resolution of the sensor (that is, matching the sensor aspect ratio, and not using sensor cropping).
Close
Vertical field of view
The vertical field of view in degrees this lens is able to capture, when using the maximum resolution of the sensor (that is, matching the sensor aspect ratio, and not using sensor cropping).
Close
Magnification factor
Shows the magnification factor of this lens compared to the primary lens of the device (calculated by dividing the focal length of the current lens by the focal length of the primary lens). A magnification factor of 1 is shown for the primary camera, ultra-wide cameras have magnification factors less than 1, and telephoto cameras have magnification factors greater than 1.
Close
Physical sensor size
Physical size of the sensor behind the lens in millimeters. All other factors being equal (specially resolution), the larger the sensor the more light it can capture, as each physical pixel is bigger.
Close
Sensor type
The fractional denomination of the sensor. More information on Wikipedia.
Close
Pitch size
The size (side) of an individual physical pixel of the sensor in micrometers. All other factors being equal, the larger the pixel size, the better the image quality is. In this case, each photoreceptor can capture more light and potencially can better differential the signal from the noise, yielding better image quality, specially in low-light.
Close
Sensor area
Displays the physical sensor area in square millimeters.
Close
Maximum picture resolution
The maximum picture resolution this sensor outputs images in JPEG format. Sometimes, if the sensor can also provide images in RAW (DNG) format, they can be slightly larger because of an additional area used for calibration purposes (among others). Unfortunately, firmware restrictions for third-party apps also mean that the maximum picture resolution exposed to third-party apps might be considerably lower than the actual resolution of the sensor, therefore the resolution shown here is the maximum resolution third-party apps can access from this sensor.
Close
Megapixels
The number of megapixels calculated from the maximum picture resolution.
Close
Picture format
The available output picture formats this camera is able to deliver:
JPEG only: the camera can only produce images in JPEG format. There is no DNG/RAW support for this specific camera (other camera modules on the device may support DNG/RAW).
JPEG/DNG: the camera can produce images in JPEG and in DNG/RAW format (either JPEG or DNG, or both simulatneously).
Close
Focusing type
The focusing capabilities of this camera:
Auto/Manual: this camera supports all usual focus modes, specifically automatic and manual (being able to set the focus distance manually).
Auto: only automatic focus modes are supported (automatic, macro, continuous focus, etc.). Specifically manual focus is not supported.
Fixed: this camera module does not support focusing in any way (the focus is set at a fixed position, usually infinity, and it cannot be changed neither in software nor in hardware, as the lens is constructed in that way).
Close
Focus at infinity
It displays whether this lens can be set to focus at infinity or not. Even if the camera supports autofocus and manual focus, it might happen that the focus range the lens is able to adjust to does not include the infinity position. This property is important for astrophotography, as in such low-light scenarios the automatic focus does not work reliably.
Close
Minimum focusing distance
The closest distance this lens is able to bring objects in focus. This is specially useful for macro photography.
Close
The distance from which objects that are further away from the camera always appear in focus. Therefore, if the camera is set to focus at infinity, any object further away from this distance will appear in focus.
Close
Manual exposure range
The range of supported manual exposure in seconds (minimum or shortest to maximum or longest). This camera might support exposures outside this range, but only in automatic mode and not in manual exposure mode. Also, note that this range is the one third-party apps have access to, as often the first-party app preinstalled on the phone by the manufacturer might have privileged access to the hardware and offer longer or shorter exposures times.
Close
ISO range
The range of supported manual sensitivity (ISO). This camera might support ISO sensitivities outside this range in automatic mode. Also, note that this range is the one third-party apps have access to, as often the first-party app preinstalled on the phone by the manufacturer might have privileged access to the hardware and offer an extended manual sensitivity range.
Close
Maximum analog ISO
The maximum ISO sensitivity possible in manual mode is usually reached by using digital amplification of the signal from the maximum supported analog sensitivity. This information, if available, will let you know what is the maximum analog sensitivity of the sensor.
Close
Data Disclaimer
The data on this database is provided "as is", and FGAE assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data. FGAE shall not be held liable for any use or misuse of the data described and/or contained herein. The User bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use.
Camera FV-5
The professional camera application for Android, that puts DSLR-like manual controls in your fingertips.
Pages
FAQ
Support
Localization
Documentation
Privacy policies
Device database
Services
Consulting
Device database licensing
Contact
Flavio Gonzalez App-Entwicklung
Postfach 1151 71409 Schwaikheim Germany
[email protected]
(please do not send support requests here)
©2012-2021 FGAE, Flavio González Vázquez, all rights reserved. Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google LLC.
|
0.997444 |
The focal length is a measure of how a lens converges light. It can be used to know the magnification factor of the lens and given the size of the sensor, calculate the angle of view. A standard reference used for comparisons is the 35 mm format, which is a sensor of size 36×24 mm. A standard wide angle lens would have around 28 to 35 millimeters based on the 35 mm format.
The smaller the number, the wider the lens is.
Close
Focal length
The focal length is a measure of how a lens converges light. It can be used to know the magnification factor of the lens and given the size of the sensor, calculate the angle of view. The native focal length of the sensor cannot be used for comparisons between different cameras unless they have the same size. Therefore, the focal length in 35 mm terms is a better reference.
For the same sensor, the smaller the number, the wider the lens is.
Close
Aperture
The aperture of a lens, expressed as the f-number, is the ratio of the lens focal length and the diameter of the front lens element. Being all other factors equal, the smaller the number, the more light the sensor is able to capture. More information on Wikipedia.
Close
Stabilization
Indicates the type of image stabilization this lens has:
OIS: the optical image stabilization is the best stabilization, as either the sensor or the lens is being activiely moved to compensate for camera shake, and is the most effective in correcting it.
EIS: the electronic image stabilization is a good alternative for video that does not require any moving parts in the camera module. It uses a cropped portion of the sensor to provide the actual image, and the rest is used as buffer to try to keep the image as stable as possible. A larger buffer region can compensate larger movement, but also reduces the size of the output. This stabilization does not help for pictures.
Close
Horizontal field of view
The horizontal field of view in degrees this lens is able to capture, when using the maximum resolution of the sensor (that is, matching the sensor aspect ratio, and not using sensor cropping).
Close
Vertical field of view
The vertical field of view in degrees this lens is able to capture, when using the maximum resolution of the sensor (that is, matching the sensor aspect ratio, and not using sensor cropping).
Close
Magnification factor
Shows the magnification factor of this lens compared to the primary lens of the device (calculated by dividing the focal length of the current lens by the focal length of the primary lens). A magnification factor of 1 is shown for the primary camera, ultra-wide cameras have magnification factors less than 1, and telephoto cameras have magnification factors greater than 1.
Close
Physical sensor size
Physical size of the sensor behind the lens in millimeters. All other factors being equal (specially resolution), the larger the sensor the more light it can capture, as each physical pixel is bigger.
Close
Sensor type
The fractional denomination of the sensor. More information on Wikipedia.
Close
Pitch size
The size (side) of an individual physical pixel of the sensor in micrometers. All other factors being equal, the larger the pixel size, the better the image quality is. In this case, each photoreceptor can capture more light and potencially can better differential the signal from the noise, yielding better image quality, specially in low-light.
Close
Sensor area
Displays the physical sensor area in square millimeters.
Close
Maximum picture resolution
The maximum picture resolution this sensor outputs images in JPEG format. Sometimes, if the sensor can also provide images in RAW (DNG) format, they can be slightly larger because of an additional area used for calibration purposes (among others). Unfortunately, firmware restrictions for third-party apps also mean that the maximum picture resolution exposed to third-party apps might be considerably lower than the actual resolution of the sensor, therefore the resolution shown here is the maximum resolution third-party apps can access from this sensor.
Close
Megapixels
The number of megapixels calculated from the maximum picture resolution.
Close
Picture format
The available output picture formats this camera is able to deliver:
JPEG only: the camera can only produce images in JPEG format. There is no DNG/RAW support for this specific camera (other camera modules on the device may support DNG/RAW).
JPEG/DNG: the camera can produce images in JPEG and in DNG/RAW format (either JPEG or DNG, or both simulatneously).
Close
Focusing type
The focusing capabilities of this camera:
Auto/Manual: this camera supports all usual focus modes, specifically automatic and manual (being able to set the focus distance manually).
Auto: only automatic focus modes are supported (automatic, macro, continuous focus, etc.). Specifically manual focus is not supported.
Fixed: this camera module does not support focusing in any way (the focus is set at a fixed position, usually infinity, and it cannot be changed neither in software nor in hardware, as the lens is constructed in that way).
Close
Focus at infinity
It displays whether this lens can be set to focus at infinity or not. Even if the camera supports autofocus and manual focus, it might happen that the focus range the lens is able to adjust to does not include the infinity position. This property is important for astrophotography, as in such low-light scenarios the automatic focus does not work reliably.
Close
Minimum focusing distance
The closest distance this lens is able to bring objects in focus. This is specially useful for macro photography.
Close
The distance from which objects that are further away from the camera always appear in focus. Therefore, if the camera is set to focus at infinity, any object further away from this distance will appear in focus.
Close
Manual exposure range
The range of supported manual exposure in seconds (minimum or shortest to maximum or longest). This camera might support exposures outside this range, but only in automatic mode and not in manual exposure mode. Also, note that this range is the one third-party apps have access to, as often the first-party app preinstalled on the phone by the manufacturer might have privileged access to the hardware and offer longer or shorter exposures times.
Close
ISO range
The range of supported manual sensitivity (ISO). This camera might support ISO sensitivities outside this range in automatic mode. Also, note that this range is the one third-party apps have access to, as often the first-party app preinstalled on the phone by the manufacturer might have privileged access to the hardware and offer an extended manual sensitivity range.
Close
Maximum analog ISO
The maximum ISO sensitivity possible in manual mode is usually reached by using digital amplification of the signal from the maximum supported analog sensitivity. This information, if available, will let you know what is the maximum analog sensitivity of the sensor.
Close
Data Disclaimer
The data on this database is provided "as is", and FGAE assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. The User assumes the entire risk associated with its use of these data. FGAE shall not be held liable for any use or misuse of the data described and/or contained herein. The User bears all responsibility in determining whether these data are fit for the User's intended use.
Camera FV-5
The professional camera application for Android, that puts DSLR-like manual controls in your fingertips.
Pages
FAQ
Support
Localization
Documentation
Privacy policies
Device database
Services
Consulting
Device database licensing
Contact
Flavio Gonzalez App-Entwicklung
Postfach 1151 71409 Schwaikheim Germany
[email protected]
(please do not send support requests here)
©2012-2021 FGAE, Flavio González Vázquez, all rights reserved. Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google LLC.
|
0.999999 |
Create a blog post subtitle that summarizes your post in a few short, punchy sentences and entices your audience to continue reading.
Welcome to your blog post. Use this space to connect with your readers and potential customers in a way that’s current and interesting. Think of it as an ongoing conversation where you can share updates about business, trends, news, and more.
Design with Ease
Do you have a design in mind for your blog? Whether you prefer a trendy postcard look or you’re going for a more editorial style blog - there’s a stunning layout for everyone.
Every layout comes with the latest social features built in. Readers will be able to easily share posts on social networks like Facebook and Twitter, view how many people have liked a post, made comments and more. With the Wix, building your online community has never been easier.
Create Relevant Content
You’ll be posting loads of engaging content, so be sure to keep your blog organized with Categories that also allow readers to explore more of what interests them. Each category of your blog has its own page that’s fully customizable. Add a catchy title, a brief description and a beautiful image to the category page header to truly make it your own. You can also add tags (#vacation #dream #summer) throughout your posts to reach more people, and help readers search for relevant content. Using hashtags can expand your post reach and help people find the content that matters to them. Go ahead, #hashtag away.
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To keep up with all things Wix, including website building tips and interesting articles, head over to to the Wix Blog. You may even find yourself inspired to start crafting your own blog, adding unique content, and stunning images and videos. Start creating your own blog now. Good luck!
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0.999995 |
'Political vetting' of appointments threatens public faith in judiciary, says bar association | CBC News
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'Political vetting' of appointments threatens public faith in judiciary, says bar association | CBC News Loaded
Politics
'Political vetting' of appointments threatens public faith in judiciary, says bar association
One of the country’s most prominent legal advocacy groups is criticizing the Trudeau government’s judicial appointment process, saying the “political vetting of candidates” risks undermining Canadians' trust in the judiciary.
Social Sharing
'It is time to make the system less open to manipulation,' says letter from CBA president
Daniel Leblanc · CBC News · Posted: Nov 09, 2020 1:39 PM ET | Last Updated: November 9, 2020
Justice Minister David Lametti is defending the Liberal government's judicial appointments process. (Adrian Wyld/The Canadian Press)
comments
One of the country's most prominent legal advocacy groups is criticizing the Trudeau government's judicial appointment process, saying the "political vetting of candidates" could undermine Canadians' trust in the judiciary.
In an open letter dated Nov. 6, the Canadian Bar Association said the federal process is "open to speculation about political interference" — echoing opposition critics' accusations about the government's extensive background checks on candidates for judicial office.
"It is time to make the system less open to manipulation," says the letter, signed by CBA president Brad Regehr.
As previously reported by CBC/Radio Canada, the federal government uses the Liberal Party of Canada's private database — called Liberalist — in the vetting process for would-be judges, allowing the government to learn the full extent of a candidate's financial contributions to the party. The database states whether and when someone was a member of the Liberal Party and whether they participated in electoral campaigns or leadership races.
Liberal insider warned of 'potential for a scandal' in judicial appointment process
Lawyers pen open letter demanding more diverse judiciary
CBC Investigates
Alberta purges judicial vetting committee for former Tory cabinet ministers, political supporters
The CBA said there is nothing wrong with lawyers making financial contributions to various political parties, but those donations should not be factored into the selection of new judges.
"By continuing a process that is open to speculation about political interference, the government risks eroding the confidence of the public in the independence and fairness of the justice system itself — particularly in marginalized communities that already feel the system doesn't work for them," the letter said.
In the House last week, Justice Minister David Lametti said that judicial appointments are based on merit and the goal of increasing diversity in Canadian courtrooms. He said the reforms introduced by the Liberal government in 2016 were aimed at depoliticizing the process — in large part by relying on candidate assessments made by Judicial Advisory Committees.
"We changed and improved the judicial appointment process precisely because the former Conservative government was making very partisan appointments," he said. "Yes, we do hold consultations, but they are broad-based, thorough consultations with the entire legal community. I am very proud of the quality and diversity of the appointments I have made."
'A potential for scandal'
Last year, a Liberal official in Lametti's office complained to his superiors, claiming the Prime Minister's Office was playing an overbearing role in the judicial appointment process. According to emails obtained by Radio-Canada, François Landry warned that partisan considerations have created the "potential for a scandal" in the federal nomination process.
In an interview with Radio-Canada last month, former justice minister Jody Wilson-Raybould confirmed the existence of political pressure in the selection of new judges. She said she is proud of the more than 200 judicial appointments she oversaw but acknowledged she felt a need to "insulate that process" from partisan considerations.
Former justice minister Jody Wilson-Raybould says that she tried to shield the judicial appointments process from political considerations. (Cole Burston/The Canadian Press)
"During my time as minister, there were people in the centre, the Prime Minister's Office, other ministers, Liberal partisans, who would take great interest in the appointments process," she said.
"There is a sense that some people still carry that appointments, whether they be to the bench or otherwise, that you can curry favour if you are a partisan or if you have done something to benefit the party."
In its open letter, the CBA added that the vetting process conducted by various federal officials has hindered the government's ability to quickly fill vacancies in courts across the country.
"It can be argued that the political vetting of judicial applicants — which happens after the Judicial Advisory Committees have made their recommendations [of which lawyers are qualified for a nomination] — has been a factor in the number of vacancies on the bench, which is a direct contributor to court delays and the access to justice crisis in Canada," said the CBA's letter.
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Liberal insider warned of 'potential for a scandal' in judicial appointment process
Lawyers pen open letter demanding more diverse judiciary
CBC Investigates
Alberta purges judicial vetting committee for former Tory cabinet ministers, political supporters
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The Liberal Democrats are calling on the Government to extend a scheme that saves £140 on energy bills to households struggling due to the coronavirus, helping an estimated 13,696 homes across Stockport.
In a warning from the Liberal Democrat Climate Change Spokesperson Wera Hobhouse, the MP said these measures were needed before families are forced "to choose between heating their home or eating".
The party’s plans would see all households that fall into the government definition of fuel poverty access the Warm Homes Discount. The move would see some 2.5 million households across the UK - many of whom are not currently eligible for the scheme - benefit from £140 credit on their energy bills.
In a letter to the Government backed by a cross-party group of 28 MPs, Ministers have also been encouraged to bring forward plans to improve the energy efficiency of homes across the country, in order to reduce fuel poverty in the long term. This comes on top of Liberal Democrat proposals to scrap VAT on energy bills during the Covid-19 lockdown.
Liberal Democrat Environment Spokesperson, Wera Hobhouse, said:
“No-one should ever have to choose between heating their home or eating, let alone in the face of the current health crisis. It is essential that the Government takes action to ensure no one is forced to do so.
"I am therefore delighted so many cross-party colleagues across the House of Commons have joined me in writing to the Business Secretary to back this proposal."
Liberal Democrat spokesperson for Cheadle, Tom Morrison, said:
“The Government already offers a Warm Home Discount on fuel to the poorest pensioners. Extending this to all those who meet the current definition for fuel poverty – an estimated 13,696 homes across Stockport - would make an enormous difference to thousands, including many families with children.
“We are also calling for a more focused effort to end fuel poverty permanently, such as more insulation. This would be a win for both society and the environment: with better insulation, less energy is needed, reducing our dependence on fossil fuels.”
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Central Park is unveiling a statue of women's rights pioneers. It's the park's first statue of real women - CNN Style
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Central Park is unveiling a statue of women's rights pioneers. It's the park's first statue of real women
Updated 26th August 2020
Central Park is unveiling a statue of women's rights pioneers. It's the park's first statue of real women
Written by Eric Levenson, CNN, Tawanda Scott Sambou CNN, Deborah Brunswick, CNN
New York's Central Park is set to unveil a statue of women's rights pioneers Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Sojourner Truth -- marking the park's first statue of real-life women.
"You've heard of breaking the glass ceiling," said Meredith Bergmann, the sculptor of the piece. "This sculpture is breaking the bronze ceiling."
The statue will be unveiled Wednesday morning, and comes 100 years after the passage of the 19th Amendment, which gave women the right to vote. It honors three key figures in the women's rights movement with roots in New York, each of whom died before American women gained the right to vote.
Anthony, who was arrested and convicted of voting illegally in 1872, and Stanton co-founded the American Equal Rights Association and pushed for women's suffrage. Truth, who was born into slavery in New York, escaped to freedom in 1826 and became a well-known abolitionist and women's rights activist.
Central Park is unveiling a statue of women's rights pioneers Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth and Elizabeth Cady Stanton Credit: CNN
"It's wonderful that now the city of New York and Central Park are focusing on seeing women's accomplishments as worthy of statuary," Bergmann said.
Statues of women remain rare in New York City and across the country. Central Park currently has statues of several fictional girls and women, such as Alice in Wonderland and Mother Goose, and even features a statue of a real-life dog, Balto. But the statue of the political campaigners will be the park's first of actual flesh-and-blood women in its 167-year history.
Where are the women? New effort to give them just due on monuments, street names
Across New York City, only five of the city's 145 statues of historic figures depict women, according to Pam Elam, the President of Monumental Women, the organization that has spearheaded the creation of the new statue.
And nationally, less than 10% of America's outdoor sculptures depict historical women, according to the Smithsonian Collections Search Center.
A clay model of the monument of women's rights pioneers. Credit: Michael Bergmann
Historians told CNN that public statues generally reflect a society's values, and the lack of female representation revealed a broader truth about America.
"The fact that we have so few statues of women speaks to the dominance of white male patriarchy," said Margaret Washington, professor of American History at Cornell University. "That women are not really considered valuable to our society."
People are calling for museums to be abolished. Can whitewashed American history be rewritten?
The lack of statues of women also reflects who decides what history gets told, said Erika Doss, professor of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame.
"History is written by and about men and those are the statues and memorials and monuments that go up," she said.
Sojourner Truth added to initial plan
Meredith Bergmann works on the monument of women's rights pioneers ahead of its coming unveiling. Credit: Michael Bergmann
To address the ongoing issue, the non-profit group Monumental Women began pushing for a women's rights statue in Central Park in 2014.
The initial plan was to design a statue featuring Stanton and Anthony working on a document. However, the organization received criticism for minimizing the role of non-White women in the suffrage movement.
Washington, who wrote a biography on Sojourner Truth, said Stanton and Anthony were not the only founders of women's rights.
What should our monuments of the future look like?
"The lack of statues of women of color compounds the issue of a lack of statues of women. How many women of color do we have statues of?" she said, noting how few there are.
Last year, Truth was added to the Central Park monument to better reflect that history.
A clay model of the women's rights pioneers monument. Credit: Megan Douglas
"They all were contemporaries. They all did share a lot of the same meetings and speech opportunities. They were on the same stages, so why not have them all on the same pedestal," Elam said. "We have to make sure that the historical record both respects and reflects all women and people of color."
As designed in the monument, Truth is speaking, Anthony is organizing and Stanton is writing, a representation of the three essential elements of activism, according to Bergmann.
It's time to go beyond destroying statues to building new ones
Truth and Stanton are sitting at a small table while Anthony stands behind the table with a traveling bag. The scene depicts a moment in an indoor space because much of women's political activism originated in the home, Bergmann explained.
The monument will be placed at Central Park's Literary Walk, a tree-lined promenade that also features statue of Shakespeare, Scottish poet Robert Burns, Scottish novelist Sir Walter Scott and American author Fitz-Greene Halleck.
"My hope for little girls who see these statues is that they will be inspired to do serious work for social change with the knowledge that women have been doing this kind of work for centuries," Bergmann said, "and their rights descend from the work these women did."
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More residents of Merritt, B.C. were given the green light to return home after the city once again lifted flood evacuation orders.
Hamilton, Peel Region confirm first cases of COVID-19 Omicron variant
Health officials in Hamilton and Peel Region have confirmed their first cases of the Omicron coronavirus variant.
OPP commissioner receives rare Indigenous honour
Ontario Provincial Police Commissioner Thomas Carrique received a rare offering of thanks from members of the province's Indigenous community for the department’s work on cases involving missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls.
Quebec COVID-19 cases spike again with 1,512 new infections
Quebec reported 1,512 new coronavirus cases on Saturday, the largest single-day increase in several months.
Ontario reports more than 1,000 new COVID-19 cases for second day straight
COVID-19 cases in Ontario spiked above 1,000 for the second straight day on Saturday as the number of infections in the province continues to rise.
More Canada Stories
'I'm looking at summer 2022:' Experts divided on travel as Omicron spreads, restrictions grow
Experts are divided on whether travel is advisable in light of the Omicron variant spurring restrictions at the border and new travel bans leading into the holiday season.
Ontario man who accidentally transferred $19,000 to stranger's account left for weeks without solution
An Ontario man says he has been fighting to get back $19,000 for months after making a 'simple mistake' while trying to transfer money between two of his bank accounts.
ArriveCAN app confusion: B.C. senior who spent 30 minutes across border given 2-week quarantine
Two B.C. residents who've made cross-border day trips to Washington State are now stuck in quarantine due to confusion over an app.
Boosters recommended for those over 50, younger people may also get 3rd shot: NACI
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization is now strongly recommending adults over the age of 50 be offered COVID-19 boosters, while those aged 18 to 49 'may' be offered boosters based on individual risks and where they live.
COVID-19 vaccines: Do we really need boosters? Experts weigh in
Experts say there are several reasons a third dose of a COVID-19 vaccine is necessary, including to protect against severe illness and death as immunity from the initial vaccine series wanes over time.
Cargo ship that caught fire and lost containers off Vancouver Island to dock in Nanaimo, B.C.
The Zim Kingston cargo ship, which lost containers and suffered a fire off Vancouver Island in late October, is finally set to dock at a port.
'This is mandatory': Ottawa reminds Canadian travellers ArriveCAN app required for re-entry
The federal government is reminding that Canadian travellers must use ArriveCAN app for re-entry into the country after reports of vaccinated citizens being forced to quarantine as a result of confusion at the Canada-U.S. land border.
Calgary police suspends officer who made anti-vaccine mandate video while in uniform
A Calgary police officer is currently relieved from duty with pay for failing to adhere to the service's COVID-19 vaccination policy — and officials are looking into his role in posting a video on social media while in uniform, opposing the mandate and drawing comparison with the Holocaust and Hitler's regime.
Abbotsford lifts evacuation order for part of Sumas Prairie, announces return home plan
The City of Abbotsford is lifting evacuation orders for residents of part of Sumas Prairie.
Ontario reports more than 1,000 new COVID-19 cases for first time in six months
Ontario health officials are reporting more than 1,000 new COVID-19 cases for the first time since late spring.
Latest Video
What are the next steps for Canada as Omicron spreads?
Biden, Putin to hold conference on Russia-Ukraine tensions
B.C. company is set to fill 400 jobs for recovery efforts
Parents of Michigan shooter plead not guilty to manslaughter
Africa still in need of more vaccines after donation pledge
Heavy rain prompts new evacuation order near Mission, B.C.
One dead, 35 injured after volcano eruption in Indonesia
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This undated electron microscope image made available by the U.S. National Institutes of Health in February 2020 shows the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, orange, emerging from the surface of cells, green, cultured in the lab. (NIAID-RML via AP)
Local Highlights
Rushed parking job turns into annual Christmas tradition in Saint John, N.B.
For many Saint John, N.B. residents, the sight of a Volkswagen Beetle in front of an old-school barbershop on the city’s west side has become a sure sign that the holidays have arrived.
'Barge Chilling Park': Vancouverites posting online reviews of the grounded barge on Sunset Beach
The wayward barge that has been stranded on Vancouver's Sunset Beach since mid-November's historic storm is earning rave reviews online.
ArriveCAN app confusion: B.C. senior who spent 30 minutes across border given 2-week quarantine
Two B.C. residents who've made cross-border day trips to Washington State are now stuck in quarantine due to confusion over an app.
Ontario woman donates home to Indigenous community
An Ontario woman is giving her land back to the Indigenous community and is hoping to inspire others to do the same.
Actor Kal Penn to play Toronto Raptors superfan in new film
Hollywood actor Kal Penn is gearing up to play Toronto Raptors superfan Nav Bhatia on the big screen.
Returning from short trips into the U.S. without ArriveCAN app lands Manitobans 14-day quarantines
Some Manitobans are finding out the hard way about requirements to re-enter Canada after short trips into the U.S.
Minimum wage in New Brunswick to increase by largest percentage in 40 years
The New Brunswick government says it will increase the minimum wage by $2 per hour in 2022. The 17 per cent increase represents the most significant jump in the rate since 1980.
Canada Goose workers in Winnipeg vote to unionize
Canada Goose workers in Winnipeg have voted to unionize.
Dramatic drug price increase leaves patients scrambling
Sodium cromoglycate is a safe, effective, no longer commonly used medication that's been around for more than 50 years. Suddenly it's become very costly for those who use it.
ATLANTIC
N.S. school to close to contain spread of COVID-19
New Brunswick to enter level one of COVID-19 winter plan at midnight
Search underway for missing Cape Breton senior
BARRIE
One person arrested following Friday morning assault in Barrie
One person has been taken into custody in connection to an alleged assault in Barrie on Friday morning.
Multiple weather watches and warnings issued for central Ontario
Environment Canada has issued various weather watches and statements affecting much of Simcoe County and areas in cottage country.
7 people arrested, 69 criminal charges laid in Owen Sound investigation
A major police investigation in the Owen Sound area has led to dozens of charges and the seizure of several firearms, drugs and cash.
Calgary
Pro Sean Chu rally draws counter-protesters in wake of alleged sexual assault case
'Recovery is possible': Alberta government doubles number of addiction treatment beds
Thousands of stuffed toys cascade onto the ice at the Saddledome
Edmonton
First patients served at new Grande Prairie Regional Hospital
After 10 years of construction, the $850 million Grande Prairie Regional Hospital (GPHR) opened its doors to patients Saturday morning.
Man charged with 2nd-degree murder in northeast Edmonton suspicious death
A 24-year-old man was charged with second-degree murder in connection with the death of a man in northeast Edmonton.
Teddy bears rain down from the stands at Rogers Place
Graydon Gotaas scored his first goal with the Edmonton Oil Kings Saturday night, triggering a flood of teddy bears on the ice at Rogers Place.
KITCHENER
LCBO faces supply shortage as holiday season approaches
As festive parties and family gatherings kick off throughout the month, residents might not me able to enjoy their favourite cocktail this holiday season.
University of Waterloo quarterback reflects on being named Canada's top university football player
University of Waterloo quarterback Tre Ford became the first player in Warriors football program history to receive the Hec Crighton Trophy as the most outstanding football player in U SPORTS.
Ontario reports more than 1,000 new COVID-19 cases for second day straight
COVID-19 cases in Ontario spiked above 1,000 for the second straight day on Saturday as the number of infections in the province continues to rise.
LONDON
Weather alerts spread across southern Ontario
Several weather alerts are in effect across all of southern Ontario on Sunday, according to Environment Canada.
BREAKING
BREAKING | Ontario records spike in COVID-19 cases with nearly 1,200 new infections
COVID-19 cases in Ontario have hit their highest level since May with nearly 1,200 new infections reported on Sunday.
Fire Investigation continues at former Dairy Queen
A once popular ice cream destination in south London was the scene of a fire Friday night.
MONTREAL
March honors 16-year-old stabbing victim Jannai Dopwell Bailey
Freezing rain, high winds coming as work week begins in southern Quebec
Mental health crisis training will soon be mandatory for Quebec police
NORTHERN ONTARIO
Canada not in midst of housing bubble: Former housing and mortgage head
The former CEO of the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation says the many factors contributing to Canada's increasingly hot housing market, while notable, aren't cumulating in a housing bubble.
'I'm looking at summer 2022:' Experts divided on travel as Omicron spreads, restrictions grow
Experts are divided on whether travel is advisable in light of the Omicron variant spurring restrictions at the border and new travel bans leading into the holiday season.
Incoming German transport minister advises against Christmas travel
Volker Wissing, whose pro-business party has designated him as transport minister in the incoming government, said that 'in the current situation, it seems more sensible to spend Christmas in a small group at home and not to plan big trips across the country.'
OTTAWA
Here's what you need to know about COVID-19 gathering restrictions in Ottawa during the holiday season
CTVNewsOttawa.ca looks at the social gathering rules and guidance from Ottawa Public Health for holiday events in Ottawa.
FREEZING RAIN WARNING
FREEZING RAIN WARNING | 5 to 10 cm of snow, freezing rain expected to hit Ottawa Sunday night and Monday
Environment Canada has issued a freezing rain warning for Ottawa, calling for snow and freezing rain Sunday evening through Monday morning.
One treated for smoke inhalation after restaurant fire
Ottawa Fire Services says one person was treated for smoke inhalation after a fire in a restaurant in the south end.
Regina
Sask. reports 68 new COVID-19 cases, no new deaths
Saskatchewan reported 68 new COVID-19 cases on Saturday with no additional deaths.
Regina's XP League adds physical aspects to gamer training
XP League’s Regina chapter has added physical activities to its gamer training programs.
Roughriders looking to win against Blue Bombers with the Grey Cup in sight
With a 108th Grey Cup berth in the Saskatchewan Roughriders (9-5) sights the only team left standing in their way are the Winnipeg Blue Bombers (11-3).
Saskatoon
Huskies lose the Vanier Cup against the Western Mustangs
Affordable housing lodge for Metis elders opens in Saskatoon
No injuries in single vehicle rollover in Saskatoon
TORONTO
BREAKING
BREAKING | Ontario records spike in COVID-19 cases with nearly 1,200 new infections
COVID-19 cases in Ontario have hit their highest level since May with nearly 1,200 new infections reported on Sunday.
Ontario man who accidentally transferred $19,000 to stranger's account left for weeks without solution
An Ontario man says he has been fighting to get back $19,000 for months after making a 'simple mistake' while trying to transfer money between two of his bank accounts.
Special weather statement issued for southern Ontario ahead of snow, freezing rain on Sunday
A special weather statement has been issued for Toronto and the rest of the Greater Toronto Area ahead of snow and freezing rain Sunday.
Vancouver
Millions in damage and losses, years to recover: A B.C. family's flood story
More snow on the way for B.C.'s South Coast, Environment Canada warns
Trans Mountain Pipeline set to restart Sunday after nearly 3-week shutdown caused by storm
Vancouver Island
No connection between 2 knifepoint robberies in 2 days at Island gas stations, police say
Holiday events return to Vancouver Island after last year's pandemic cancellations
Naden Band's 'Home for the Holidays' concerts support Salvation Army toy drive
Windsor
Weather alerts spread across southern Ontario
Several weather alerts are in effect across all of southern Ontario on Sunday, according to Environment Canada.
BREAKING
BREAKING | Ontario records spike in COVID-19 cases with nearly 1,200 new infections
COVID-19 cases in Ontario have hit their highest level since May with nearly 1,200 new infections reported on Sunday.
WECHU warns of possible COVID-19 exposure
The Windsor Essex County Health Unit (WECH) is notifying the public of a possible COVID-19 exposure at the WFCU Centre.
WINNIPEG
'Busier than it's ever been': Winnipeggers wait up to two hours for Christmas trees amid shortage
Winnipeggers looking to spruce up their homes this holiday season with a real Christmas tree might have a hard time finding one this year.
'I'm looking at summer 2022:' Experts divided on travel as Omicron spreads, restrictions grow
Experts are divided on whether travel is advisable in light of the Omicron variant spurring restrictions at the border and new travel bans leading into the holiday season.
Meeting on dating website ends in robbery and assault: Brandon police
Officers with the Brandon Police Service are investigating after a meeting on a dating website ended with a person being robbed an assaulted.
Politics
Trade minister says U.S. senators across the aisle not ready to vote for Buy American EV tax credit
Canada's trade minister says the fight isn't over yet to stop the Biden administration's Buy American electric vehicle tax credit from becoming a reality. Ng was speaking from Washington, where she and a cross-party delegation of MPs were meeting with American law-makers to fight against the Buy American provision.
Two weeks after Trudeau, Team Canada delegation wraps up latest D.C. visit
International Trade Minister Mary Ng says Canada still has 'runway' to work with in its effort to prevent a proposed U.S. tax credit for electric vehicles from kneecapping the auto industry north of the border.
Canada inks deals with Pfizer, Merck for COVID-19 antiviral drugs
The federal government has signed deals with Pfizer and Merck to purchase their antiviral medications, pending Health Canada approval of the products. Public Services and Procurement Minister Filomena Tassi said Ottawa has placed an initial order for one million of Pfizer's antiviral pills, and 500,000 of Merck's pills, with an option for 500,000 more.
'Exciting opportunity' for ministers of housing, mental health to join forces: Expert
There is an 'exciting opportunity' for the new housing minister and mental health and addictions minister to work together at the intersection of homelessness and mental health, says an expert.
Board overstepped in imposing vaccine mandate on House: Speaker
House Speaker Anthony Rota has sided with the Conservative challenge of the imposition of a vaccine mandate on the Commons, ruling that the chamber's governing body that made the decision overstepped and breached MPs' privileges.
Conservatives demand clarity, timelines on next steps for fighter jets
The federal Conservatives are demanding the Liberal government provide more clarity on the next phase of Canada's search for a new fighter jet -- including when a replacement for the military's aging CF-18s will finally be announced.
World
Three feared dead as Myanmar army truck runs down protesters
An army vehicle barrelled into a peaceful march of anti-government protesters in military-ruled Myanmar's biggest city on Sunday, reportedly killing at least three people, witnesses and a protest organizer said.
Indian villagers clash with army over mistaken killings
Angry villagers burned army vehicles in protest after more than a dozen people were killed by soldiers who mistakenly believed some of them were militants in India's remote northeast region along the border with Myanmar.
Shipwreck of civilization: Pope comforts migrants on Lesbos
Pope Francis returned Sunday to the Greek island of Lesbos to offer comfort to migrants at a refugee camp and blast what he said was the indifference and self-interest shown by Europe "that condemns to death those on the fringes."
Avalanche in Austria kills 3 skiers, injures 2
Three skiers have been killed and two injured in an avalanche in central Austria, authorities said Sunday.
Israel urges hard line against Iran at nuclear talks
Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett on Sunday urged world powers to take a hard line against Iran in negotiations aimed at reviving an international nuclear deal, as his top defense and intelligence officials headed to Washington to discuss the flailing talks.
Biden, Putin to talk next week as tensions grow over Ukraine
U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin will speak in a video call Tuesday as tensions between the U.S. and Russia escalate over a Russian troop buildup on the Ukrainian border seen as a sign of a potential invasion.
Canada
More Merritt, B.C., residents return home as flood evacuation orders once again lifted
More residents of Merritt, B.C. were given the green light to return home after the city once again lifted flood evacuation orders.
Hamilton, Peel Region confirm first cases of COVID-19 Omicron variant
Health officials in Hamilton and Peel Region have confirmed their first cases of the Omicron coronavirus variant.
OPP commissioner receives rare Indigenous honour
Ontario Provincial Police Commissioner Thomas Carrique received a rare offering of thanks from members of the province's Indigenous community for the department’s work on cases involving missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls.
Health
Omicron shows need for global vaccine coverage, as Canada doses slowly reach African clinics
COVID-19 vaccine doses donated to COVAX by Canada have recently begun to arrive at their intended destinations, all while the spread of Omicron highlights one of the dangers of failing to ensure global vaccine coverage.
Omicron variant may have picked up a piece of common-cold virus
The Omicron variant of the virus that causes COVID-19 likely acquired at least one of its mutations by picking up a snippet of genetic material from another virus, possibly one that causes the common cold.
Merkel: Virus death toll 'so bitter because it is avoidable'
Outgoing Chancellor Angela Merkel on Saturday made what is likely her final appeal before leaving office next week for Germans to get vaccinated against COVID-19.
Entertainment
CNN fires Chris Cuomo for helping brother deal with scandal
CNN has fired anchor Chris Cuomo after details emerged about how he assisted his brother, former New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo, as the politician faced sexual harassment allegations earlier this year.
Online auctions cater to Beliebers looking for Tim Hortons merch
A tie-in to a major promotion from Canadian coffee giant Tim Hortons and singing superstar Justin Bieber has some people looking to turn a profit on the limited-edition merchandise.
Henry Winkler is auctioning off his Fonz jacket and more 'Happy Days' memorabilia
'Happy Days' star Henry Winkler is auctioning off a treasure trove of costumes, props and other memorabilia from his acting career.
Sci-Tech
Right-wing activists are openly 'weaponizing' Twitter's new private media policy
Twitter acknowledged on Friday that a new policy it unveiled this week to protect users from harassment is being abused by malicious actors — days after journalists, left-wing activists and self-described 'sedition hunters' reported their accounts had been locked for sharing publicly available images of anti-maskers, anti-vaccine protesters and suspected Capitol insurrectionists.
Scientists find coastal marine species living among trash in open ocean
Marine creatures and plants typically found in coastal regions have found new ways to survive in the open ocean by colonizing plastic pollution, scientists say.
International Space Station swerves to avoid space junk, Russia says
The International Space Station had to adjust its orbit to avoid collision with a piece of debris from a U.S. rocket, the head of Russia's space agency Roscosmos, Dmitry Rogozin, said on Friday.
Business
Canadian employers, facing labour shortage, accommodate the unvaccinated
Canada's tight labour market is forcing many companies to offer regular COVID-19 testing over vaccine mandates, while others are reversing previously announced inoculation requirements even as Omicron variant cases rise.
Canadian women less optimistic about gender equality at work, survey finds
Women in Canada are becoming more pessimistic about gender equality in the workplace, with a majority feeling the pace of change has been slow despite more awareness and they still aren’t being offered the same opportunities as men, according to a recent survey.
'All our margins are gone': Supply chain challenges squeeze small businesses
Small businesses across Canada are feeling the crunch of a tight labour market and supply chain challenges.
Autos
Most popular EV in Canada, Tesla Model 3, no longer eligible for federal rebate
Transport Canada says the Tesla Model 3 was removed from the eligibility list for the federal zero-emission vehicle rebate in late November.
Honda recalls SUVs and pickups because hoods can fly open
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This month marks the 50th anniversary of the Sexual Offences Act 1967, which decriminalised homosexual acts in England and Wales. Since then, it appears that the legal rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans individuals have improved considerably; in this century alone, the age of consent for homosexual men has been lowered to 16, civil partnerships and same-sex marriages have been introduced, and discrimination, harassment and victimisation on the grounds of sexual orientation have been prohibited.
However, the fact remains that sexual orientation and gender reassignment are relatively new diversity issues and, as can still be seen in relation to gender and race, in some respects society is taking a little while to catch up.
Here are a few thoughts about areas in which progress could still be made:
1. Bullying and harassment
These remain significant issues for a lot of LGBT employees. For example, a recent YouGov survey found that one in five LGB employees have experienced verbal bullying at work because of their sexual orientation, with almost a third of such bullying having been carried out by the employee's manager. For trans workers, the reported harassment figure is much higher, at 60%.
It is quite possible that leaps and bounds will be made in this respect (just witness the recent explosion in corporates tying products into 'Pride' events – rainbow-filled Oreos, anyone?); but the statistics show that there is still much work to be done by employers – whether that is in taking the first step of simply encouraging diversity, or the more advanced steps (such as training and monitoring) involved in maintaining and protecting diversity.
2. Trans issues
Many employers are yet to put in place detailed policies and procedures addressing trans issues, and even where such policies and procedures are in place often they remain untested in practice.
Whilst practice may make perfect, Tribunals are unlikely to be sympathetic to an employer citing inexperience as justification of unlawful conduct. Therefore, employers would be well advised to ensure that trans issues are addressed in their diversity programmes to the same extent as any of the other diversity strands, to ensure that any necessary shifts in cultural and organisational attitudes are in train.
3. Recognition of the diversity present under the LGBT 'umbrella'
Over the years, LGB has become LGBT, LGBT has become LGBTQ, LGBTQ has become LGBTQI+; yet even just scratching the surface would show that trying to assign a single label to such a diverse group is simply not possible.
One question which is being increasingly posed is whether it is appropriate to bundle up trans and intersex issues (being related primarily to gender) with lesbian, gay and bisexual issues (which are related to sexuality). When news emerged last year of (openly transgender US celebrity) Caitlyn Jenner's opposition to gay marriage, a number of commentators took the stance that she was somehow 'betraying' the cause, yet it simply goes to show that there are different strokes for different folks and that it is a dangerous assumption that, for example, an L and G issue automatically aligns with a T issue. Furthermore, it is clear that even within each distinct community – whether that is L, G, B, or T (or Q or I or + for that matter) – different perspectives on the same issue will exist. For example, there was lively debate within the L and G communities as to whether gay marriage was necessary or desirable ahead of the Parliamentary vote on the issue.
From a practical perspective, these issues provide some food for thought as to how 'mainstream' society (whether that is lawmakers, employers or otherwise) should approach such a diverse group with such diverse interests. I won't even try to provide reductive answers in such a short post, but it may be worth considering an issue that is likely to be more immediately relatable to many of us – whether it is fair to approach all women as potential mothers (do not all women and indeed employees deserve paid time off to pursue their life goals, whether that is raising a child or otherwise?) – to see the complexities involved.
4. Language
It may seem like a minor point, but the daily subtleties of language can in many cases prove to be the most troublesome.
The terminology in this area is developing and expanding at an exponential rate. Non-binary, genderqueer, cisnormativity, gender fluidity: these words and phrases (and many, many others) are starting to take hold within the communities to which they apply, and they will require all of us – employers and colleagues alike – to learn and adapt. At times, even I've wondered whether (and if so, where) it will all end – but as with anything new, some thought and sensitivity will often go a long way.
Alternatively, just contact your lawyer (hint: contact details below).
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Michael Vick had a feeling his return to Atlanta would be special. He could tell by the tears welling in his eyes even before he reached the Georgia Dome.
``I'll never forget this day,'' Vick said after running and passing for touchdowns in the Philadelphia Eagles' 34-7 win over the Atlanta Falcons on Sunday.
The touchdowns were Vick's first two of his comeback season, and along the way he won over Atlanta fans who spent the first half booing his every move.
``I'll never forget coming back to this stadium,'' Vick said. ``I'll never forget the bus ride over here today and I'll never forget seeing a lot of the landmarks I used to see and I'll never forget shedding a tear on the bus ride over here. I took that ride every Sunday coming in.''
For the start of the game, Vick's fans wearing his No. 7 jersey were outnumbered by those who welcomed the former Falcons quarterback with boos.
But Vick won over the crowd by running and passing for touchdowns in the second half.
In the fourth quarter, fans chanted ``We want Vick! We want Vick!'' Sure enough, Vick came back into the game.
Eagles coach Andy Reid said the chants didn't affect his plans for Vick, but then he added ``It didn't hurt.''
Vick heard the chants and said ``it sent chills all down my spine.
``They were just letting me know that people still appreciate what I've done.''
Vick's return to Atlanta was much-anticipated by his fans. Many wore Vick's No. 7 Falcons jersey.
``This is the first time I've worn this jersey since it happened,'' said Norman Judge Camp, 34, of Acworth, Ga., referring to Vick's 18 months in federal prison for his role in a dogfighting ring.
Camp and others said Vick should be forgiven.
Raymon Thomas of Atlanta said he had not forgotten the excitement Vick, the three-time Pro Bowler, brought to the franchise.
``Without Michael Vick, none of this would be going on right here,'' said Thomas, who wore a Falcons No. 7 jersey with ``Atlanta'' instead of ``Vick'' on the back.
``He's the one who created all this stuff at the Georgia Dome,'' Thomas said. ``Before Vick came, the Georgia Dome had none of this. He electrified the fans and the city of Atlanta.''
Maxine Mecca of Supporting the Defense of the Animals said she came to the game to defend the reputation of pit bulls.
``It's not about Michael Vick,'' Mecca said. ``I think it's gone beyond that. He's done his time. It's about awareness and the pit bull breed. It's not the breed. It's the people behind the breed and this is about making people aware of that.''
There were no protests from the Humane Society or People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals.
Vick was at the front of the pack of Eagles players as the team ran onto the field, and he was selected to serve as a team captain.
``I knew something special was going to happen this week,'' Vick said. ``I knew Andy was going to think something up. ... He wanted me to have success today and he knew how to do it.''
Reid said ``everybody rallied around Mike. ... The fans in general, calling Michael's name out, I give my hat off to them for giving him a second chance.''
Vick was greeted with a hug from his former Falcons center, Todd McClure, before the coin toss. Atlanta receiver Roddy White also embraced Vick before the game. Vick also talked with Falcons owner Arthur Blank on the field before the game.
``We just talked about periodically staying in touch,'' Vick said.
There were more boos than cheers when Vick made his first appearance on the Eagles' opening drive. He ran for 3 yards after taking the snap and returned to more boos two plays later and ran for 4 yards. That was his only action of the first half.
The boos turned to cheers when Vick scored on a 5-yard run in the third quarter for his first touchdown of the season.
It was Vick's first rushing touchdown since Oct. 15, 2006 with Atlanta. He added a 5-yard touchdown pass to tight end Brent Celek in the fourth quarter.
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Do you want to take a break from boring reality, at least for several days? Maybe it is worth to consider an archeological trip to Egypt? Many people wonder if it is a good move. What is the reason so many choose this exact destination? Polish people pay attention to a couple of important aspects such as finances. Luckily, at the moment archeological trips to Egypt are not that expensive as someone might think at the beginning. Additionally, tourists appreciate the good weather conditions.
Egypt is a country located in north-east part of Africa so you can count on sun and high temperatures all year round, even during Polish autumn or winter. Of course archeological trips are also a great opportunity to learn many historical facts. One of the most important locations in Egypt is Giza as there are three pyramids as well as the famous Sphinx. Other place worth visiting is Cairo.
There is an Egyptian museum where you can see many historical artifacts that come from ancient times. Some other attractions in Cairo that you might be interested in are Alabaster Mosque, Citadel of Saladin, Cairo tower, famous Al-Azhar park. Egypt is also a country of many temples such as the Temple of Hatshepsut located in west Thebes.
People who are looking forward to spending their holiday less actively will be happy to know that Egypt has access to both Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea so you can relax on the beach taking in the breathtaking beauty of the landscape. www
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Thomas Bodley Founds The Bodleian, the First "Public" Library in England, & the First British National Library : History of Information
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Thomas Bodley Founds The Bodleian, the First "Public" Library in England, & the First British National Library
11/8/1602 to 1605
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Bird's eye view of the Bodleian Libary, Oxford
On November 8, 1602 the Bodleian Library at Oxford opened to the "public" with a collection of 2000 books assembled by Thomas Bodley. It was intended to replace the library that had been donated to the Divinity School at Oxford by Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (brother of Henry V), but which had been dispersed in the 16th century at the orders of young Edward VI, successor to Henry VIII.
Between 1598 and 1605, when the first catalogue of the Bodleian was published, Bodley and his circle secured sufficient donations of books and cash to create a library of about 8,700 volumes, making it effectively the British national library. From the start the Bodleian was the first "public" rather than "private" library in England, and one of the first "public" libraries in Europe. On May 26, 2015 I had the opportunity to visit the spectacular new facilities of the Bodleian at Clarendon House in Oxford during a Grolier Club gathering in England, and I was able to ask Richard Ovenden, the director of the Bodleian Library, to explain what the concept of a 'public" library meant at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Mr. Ovenden, whose official title is "Bodley's Librarian," explained that public in this context meant that the library was open to qualified scholars, but not to the general public in the way that we define a public library today. The concept of providing a library for the use of qualified scholars at a university was new, as other libraries at the time were essentially private.
The first catalogue of the Bodleian, compiled by its first librarian, Thomas James, indicated its public nature in its title: Catalogus librorum bibliothecae publicae quam vir ornatissimus Thomas Bodleius Eques. . . . When I revised this entry in May 2015 I did not find a digital edition of the 1605 catalogue available; however the catalogue had been reproduced in facsimile as The first printed Catalogue of the Bodleian Library 1605 (Oxford, 1986). From that facsimile one could "read the shelves" in the organizational arrangement by subject favored by Bodley. Most entries listed author, title, place and date of publication. The catalogue concluded with a lengthy author index across all subjects.
"Although the University of Oxford must yield priority at least to the University of Leiden in publishing a general catalogue of its books, it remains true that the Bodleian in 1605 was the first institutional library to produce a substantial and widely distributed record of a collection which had, from its foundation, world-wide fame" (Introduction to the 1986 facsimile, vii.)
Together with its mission of providing service to qualified scholars, the Bodleian required an oath to be sworn by all readers before admission:
"You promise and solemnly engage before God. . . that whenever you shall enter the public library of the University, you will frame your mind to study in modesty and silence, and will use the books and other furniture in such manner that they may last as long as possible. Also that you will neither yourself in your own person steal, change, make erasures, deform, tear, cut, write notes in, interline, wilfully spoil, obliterate, defile, or in any other way retrench, ill-use, wear away or deteriorate any book or books nor authorise anyother person to do the like" (quoted by Pettegree, The Book in the Renaissance [2010] 230).
Alexander Marr, "Learned Benefaction: Science, Civility and Donations of Books and Instruments to the Bodleian Library Before 1605," Documenting the Early Modern Book World. Inventories and Catalogues in Manuscript and Print, ed. Walsby & Constantinidou (2013) 27-50.
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Pro-lifers cautiously optimistic after Supreme Court hears historic challenge to Roe v. Wade. Follow our coverage here
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It’s ‘reckless’ to vaccinate children for COVID-19: Former HHS coronavirus advisor
Dr. Paul Alexander argues that current COVID vaccine safety protocols fall short, noting that children ‘could be devastated by these vaccines if something goes wrong.’
Dr. Paul AlexanderFox News / screenshot
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Wed May 19, 2021 - 3:55 pm EDT Fri Jul 30, 2021 - 4:19 pm EDT
May 19, 2021 (LifeSiteNews) — Former U.S. Health and Human Services (HHS) COVID-19 advisor Dr. Paul Alexander is warning that children’s risk of harm from the COVID-19 vaccines is significantly greater than their risk of harm from the virus.
“The risk to children is so small, there is no reason to put our children in harm’s way at this point. Not with these untested vaccines. This is reckless,” Alexander told Laura Ingraham on Fox News’ “The Ingraham Angle.”
Dr. Paul Alexander, who has previously written an article published by the American Institute for Economic Research, titled “We Must Not Be Forced Into Vaccinating Our Children From COVID,” challenged the idea that children should receive COVID-19 vaccines, as expressed by President Joe Biden and COVID-czar Dr. Anthony Fauci.
“Dr. Fauci has said many things before that he has reversed and flip-flopped on, and in this case he makes absolutely no sense to me, and to many scientists,” Alexander told Ingraham.
Watch the latest video at foxnews.com
He elaborated on Fauci’s flip-flops in his article: “Remember the retraction of the double-mask idiocy? Remember when he said Covid is 10 times more lethal than the seasonal flu? Now they are talking about a third vaccine booster shot and it suggests that those in charge are flying by the seat of their pants and do not know what they are doing.”
Alexander’s concerns about the COVID-19 vaccines, he explained to Ingraham, come from what he sees as inadequate safety testing.
“With a sample size of 3,000, [and] the protocol proposed so far, there’s no way that they can derive meaningful results and safety data for parents,” he said.
Alexander put a finer point on the issue in his paper, in which he wrote that the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) and lack of full regulatory approval “essentially means that all persons taking Covid vaccines at present are in a large Phase III trial. The efficacy and safety results will be known in 2-3 years and perhaps longer for the longer-term adverse effects that become known at a later date.”
His paper continues, “Exposing children to an untested Emergency Use medication implies that there is a dire risk to the children without it. There are no data to support such a potential risk.”
Alexander told Ingraham that whereas a “normal vaccine” generally takes “eight to ten to twelve years” to bring to market, “in this case” of the COVID-19 vaccines, “they’re going to try to rush through vaccines in a matter of months.”
“The key for parents to understand is this: These do not provide you the type of safety data to give you the level of confidence to put these vaccines in your children’s arms, because children have 70 to 80 years more life to live. They could be devastated by these vaccines if something goes wrong,” he told Ingraham.
In his paper, Alexander laid out a multitude of reasons why he has “grave concern for our children” about the effects of the COVID-19 vaccines.
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People of goodwill can disagree about the safety, efficacy and religious implications of a new vaccine for the coronavirus.
But, everyone should agree on this point:
No government can force anyone who has reached legal adulthood to be vaccinated for the coronavirus. Equally, no government can vaccinate minors for the coronavirus against the will of their parents or guardians.
Please SIGN this urgent petition which urges policymakers at every level of government to reject calls for mandatory coronavirus vaccination.
Fear of a disease - which we know very little about, relative to other similar diseases - must not lead to knee-jerk reactions regarding public health, nor can it justify supporting the hidden agenda of governmental as well as non-governmental bodies that have apparent conflicts of interest in plans to restrict personal freedoms.
The so-called "public health experts" have gotten it wrong many times during the current crisis. We should not, therefore, allow their opinions to rush decision-makers into policies regarding vaccination.
And, while some people, like Bill Gates, may have a lot of money, his opinion and that of his NGO (the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) - namely, that life will not return to normal till people are widely vaccinated - should not be permitted to influence policy decisions on a coronavirus vaccination program.
Finally, we must also not allow the rush by pharmaceutical companies to produce a new coronavirus vaccine to, itself, become an imperative for vaccination.
Unwitting citizens must not be used as guinea pigs for New World Order ideologues, or Big Pharma, in pursuit of a vaccine (and, profits) which may not even protect against future mutated strains of the coronavirus.
And it goes without saying that the production of vaccines using aborted babies for cell replication is a total non-starter, as the technique is gravely immoral.
However, if after sufficient study of the issue, a person who has reached the age of majority wishes to be vaccinated with a morally produced vaccine, along with his children, that is his business.
But we cannot and will not permit the government to make that decision for us.
Thank you for SIGNING and SHARING this petition, urging policymakers at all levels of government to reject mandatory coronavirus vaccination.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Bill Gates: Life won’t go back to ‘normal’ until population 'widely vaccinated' - https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/bill-gates-life-wont-go-back-to-normal-until-population-widely-vaccinated
COVID-19 scare leads to more digital surveillance, talk of mandatory vaccine 'tattoos' for kids' - https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/covid-19-scare-leads-to-more-digital-surveillance-talk-of-mandatory-vaccine-tattoos-for-kids
Trudeau says no return to ‘normal’ without vaccine: 'Could take 12 to 18 months' - https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-says-no-return-to-normal-without-vaccine-could-take-12-to-18-months
Trudeau mulls making coronavirus vaccine mandatory for Canadians - https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-mulls-making-coronavirus-vaccine-mandatory-for-canadians
US bishop vows to ‘refuse’ COVID-19 vaccine if made from ‘aborted fetal tissue' - https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/us-bishop-vows-to-refuse-covid-19-vaccine-if-made-from-aborted-fetal-tissue
** While LifeSite opposes immorally-produced vaccines using aborted fetal cell lines, we do not have a position on any particular coronavirus vaccines produced without such moral problems. We realize many have general concerns about vaccines, but also recognize that millions of lives have been saved due to vaccines.
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He pointed out that VAERS alone (the government-run vaccine injury reporting system) had about 1,900 vaccine-related deaths reported as of March 15, 2021, that Canada “has now suspended the AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine for those under 55 based on risk,” and that various vaccines have seriously harmed children in the past, causing lifelong disability in some cases.
Both in his article and in his Fox interview, Alexander framed the decision to vaccinate children as a matter of weighing the risk of the virus against the risk of the COVID-19 vaccines. “The reality about it is this becomes a risk management decision for parents,” he told Ingraham.
“Kids have a 1 in 50,000 chance of dying if they’re COVID-infected,” he noted.
“The absolute risk reduction was 0.8 percent in the vaccine trial. The risk of transmitting to other kids is infinitesimally small. The risk of transmitting to adults at home is exceedingly rare. They have this data,” said Alexander, referring to COVID-19 policymakers.
“The question is, why would they be placing parents in this position, to vaccinate these children with such low risk, when this is an experimental vaccine, it’s highly untested as to safety,” he continued.
He urged the use of liability waivers, telling Ingraham, “Tell Dr. Fauci and the CDC to put a liability waiver on the table for children. Put it there for parents, and let’s go forward. Only then we should discuss vaccinating our children.”
Alexander hammered home his concern in his paper: “Our children are not for you to ‘experiment’ on. There is absolutely no data, no evidence, none, to support the vaccination of our children in this matter. Our children are far too precious to experiment with.”
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NewsNews Based on facts, either observed and verified directly by the reporter, or reported and verified from knowledgeable sources.
Tesla agrees to big office lease in Palo Alto, despite HQ exit
Tesla is taking big office space in Stanford Research Park
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1501 Page Mill Road, an office complex in Palo Alto’s Stanford Research Park. Tesla has agreed to lease a big chunk of office space in Palo Alto, a distinct counterpoint to the company’s revelation this week that it would shift its corporate headquarters from Silicon Valley to Texas.
By George Avalos | [email protected] | Bay Area News Group
PUBLISHED: October 8, 2021 at 2:07 p.m. | UPDATED: October 12, 2021 at 8:59 a.m.
PALO ALTO — Tesla has agreed to lease a big chunk of office space in Palo Alto, a distinct counterpoint to the company’s revelation this week that it would shift its corporate headquarters from Silicon Valley to Texas.
The electric vehicle maker has struck a deal to lease 325,000 square feet at 1501 Page Mill Road in Palo Alto, part of an office complex in Stanford Research Park, according to five sources with knowledge of the deal.
Earlier this week, Elon Musk, Tesla’s chief executive officer, told company shareholders that the maker of electric vehicles would be moving its corporate headquarters to Texas in an exit of the administrative offices from Palo Alto.
The office space that Tesla is leasing in Palo Alto is owned by Hewlett Packard. The land beneath the building is leased by H-P from Stanford University, a customary property arrangement in Stanford Research Park.
Tesla’s lease deal in Palo Alto serves as a reminder that companies are continuing to expand in the Bay Area, even if, in some cases, they move their headquarters out of this region or other parts of California. The transaction was first reported by The Registry real estate news site.
While headquarters defections offer high-profile economic setbacks, the prospects for ongoing corporate expansions remain bright in Silicon Valley, in the view of Phil Mahoney, an executive vice chairman with Newmark, a commercial real estate firm.
“The glass is more than half full,” Mahoney said. “Numerous sizeable companies are expanding right now for 2022 and 2023 occupancy.”
Among the tech companies that have announced departures of their Bay Area corporate headquarters operations: Hewlett Packard Enterprise decided to move its head offices from San Jose to Texas and Oracle agreed to move its headquarters from Redwood City to Texas.
Yet in the Oracle and HPE instances, both tech companies have kept major operations in the Bay Area.
That appears to be the case with Tesla, which will continue to operate its electric vehicle factory in Fremont and is planning to ramp up manufacturing in California, according to Gov. Gavin Newsom.
“Every time you have a company moving its headquarters out of Silicon Valley, they tend to increase their presence here,” said Dave Sandlin, an executive vice president with Colliers, a commercial real estate firm. “Silicon Valley is pretty secure for now.”
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It’s hard to accept that your parents need help. But, the truth is, finding quality home care in Ohio can be the perfect solution for keeping your parents healthy and happy while alleviating your own stress.
Remember: this is nothing to feel guilty about. In fact, it makes far more sense and is safer to have qualified professionals administering the help your parents need. Not finding good home care for your parents is simply a hazard to their health.
And, at Miami Valley Homecare, we’ve been doing this a long time. We’ve been proudly dispatching premier home care in Centerville, Xenia, Beavercreek, Fairborn, Dayton, and Oakwood, Ohio, for years. So, with us, you’re in good, experienced hands.
Here are 5 reasons to consider home care for your parents:
1. Home care assists daily living
Quality homecare in Ohio can do things most people don’t have the time to do. This means helping with household chores, bathing, and other day-to-day necessities. Also, by supporting daily living, you’re enabling them to preserve their dignity, sense of purpose, and independence safely. There’s no question: home care enhances their quality of life.
2. Diet and nutrition
Diet and nutrition are the tentpoles of health. And, the older people get, the more essential it is to monitor these things. But, without home care, their diet and nutrition can be challenging to oversee. Home care in Ohio is ideal because it includes nutritional counseling and home-cooked meals to prevent malnutrition.
This is especially crucial if they’ve recently been discharged from a hospital or nursing facility. Things like aging, bed rest, illness, and injury contribute directly to the loss of lean body mass, which is severely detrimental to their health.
3. Accompaniment and transportation
We know you’re busy. You have your own life to live, and it’s hard to allocate time to taxi your parents to all their appointments without incurring massive amounts of stress. And home care in Ohio provides just that.
But it’s so much more than that. Because home care will enable them to attend more social events, run errands, and more. This will make them feel more independent, and ultimately, healthier and happier.
4. Personalized, one-on-one care
With home care in Ohio, your parents will receive personalized care. This means they don’t have to wait in line for medication, and they don’t have to wait their turn when they need help. And, best of all, the care will be tailored to them, which makes a huge difference.
Plus, it provides much needed companionship and social interaction. Whether it’s playing games, going for walks, or watching movies, a good nurse will be like a friendly ear on retainer. And we all know how vital that is to our overall contentment.
5. It can be cheaper than a nursing facility
Most people wouldn’t expect this, but home care in Ohio can be cheaper than paying for a nursing facility. On average, a skilled facility will cost $544 a day, while home care can cost just $132. However, it’s important to know this is only if your loved one needs 40 hours (8 hours a day) or less per week. Around-the-clock care will often be more expensive.
Contact us now for an assessment!
We understand how difficult this process can be for you, and we promise to work with you every step of the way. Just remember: finding quality homecare in Ohio is more than just a service. It’s life enhancement for your loved one.
Contact us now for an assessment! We promise to treat your family like our family. With Miami Valley Homecare, their golden years will stay gilded.
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1of5Beat Feuz of Switzerland flies down the course during the second Men's World Cup downhill training run in Lake Louise, Alberta, Wednesday, Nov. 24, 2021. (Frank Gunn/The Canadian Press via AP)Frank Gunn/APShow MoreShow Less
2of5A ski run lined with artificial snow is seen at the National Alpine Skiing Center in Yanqing on the outskirts of Beijing, Feb. 5, 2021. The high demand for artificial snow at February's Beijing Winter Olympics will have a minimal effect on the local water supply, a spokesperson for the organizers said Thursday.Mark Schiefelbein/APShow MoreShow Less
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4of5A snow making machine churns out artificial snow for a ski slope in Chongli county near Zhangjiakou in northern China's Hebei province on Wednesday, Dec. 16, 2020. The high demand for artificial snow at February's Beijing Winter Olympics will have a minimal effect on the local water supply, a spokesperson for the organizers said Thursday, Nov. 18, 2021.Ng Han Guan/APShow MoreShow Less
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GENEVA (AP) — Two-time Olympic medalist Beat Feuz is not thrilled about heading to Beijing for another Winter Games in a host nation with little ski tradition.
The expected favorite in men’s downhill on Feb. 6 said in comments reported on Thursday by Swiss media that it was “unfortunate” his third straight Olympics will again lack the atmosphere of classic European races in January.
“They’ve been great competitions,” Feuz said of racing at Sochi in 2014 and Pyeongchang in 2018, “but when you go after Wengen and Kitzbühel, it’s a bit of a culture shock.”
“I expect that the races in China will take place again in front of pretty empty stands,” said the four-time defending World Cup downhill champion.
Only Chinese residents can buy tickets for Beijing Olympic events, including alpine ski races on courses created for the games at the new resort of Xiaohaituo in Yanqing district.
International fans are not allowed at the Beijing Olympics because of Chinese travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Still, there were no public health rules in place at the 2018 Olympics where Feuz took bronze in downhill and silver in super-G on a sparsely attended and quiet hill at Jeongseon, South Korea.
The main grandstand was all but empty when Feuz and the other downhill medalists did media interviews in the finish area.
“I find it a shame that we’re again in a place where skiing doesn’t have a big tradition,” said the Swiss star, who will turn 39 during the 2026 Olympics. Then, alpine racing will return to heartland venues at Cortina d’Ampezzo and Bormio in Italy.
Feuz's home country was favored to host the 2022 Olympics until voters in the Swiss region of Graubünden voted down a bid by upscale neighboring towns St. Moritz and Davos. Other European cities also dropped out, leaving International Olympic Committee voters to choose in 2015 between Beijing and Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Hosting the Olympics is key to Chinese President Xi Jinping's target to have 300 million people taking part in winter sports, even if the games venues get little natural snow. World Cup venues in Europe and North America routinely use artificial snow to help prepare more reliable surfaces.
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Feuz has not raced on the next Olympic courses because a scheduled stop on the men’s World Cup circuit to test them in February 2020 was canceled as the coronavirus outbreak spread from China.
This weekend, Olympic contenders in ski cross are in China for World Cup races to test their course at the Secret Garden resort.
Reports back from the Swiss team have concerned Feuz, who is in Canada preparing for the first World Cup downhill of the season on Friday at Lake Louise.
“I’ve heard from the skiers … that the process on arrival (in China) was quite complicated with the many constraints linked to COVID,” Feuz said, adding that one racer “had not yet been able to leave his room.
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Hundreds of thousands of seafarers have seen their rights under the Maritime Labour Convention denied during the crew change crisis Image: Getty
Seafarers' representatives and shipowners have asked the United Nations to establish an interagency task force to examine the implementation and practical application of the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (MLC) during the Covid-19 pandemic.
The call for a UN investigation came in a resolution adopted at the 4th session of the International Labour Organization (ILO) Special Tripartite Committee (STC) of the Maritime Labour Convention, held virtually between 19-23 April 2021.
Many violations of the MLC, which lays out a minimum-acceptable level of rights and standards for seafarers, have been reported during the past year.
At the peak of the crisis, more than 400,000 crew were trapped onboard their ships, often denied shore leave, medical care, and to cease work and travel home after their contracts ended. Some 200,000 seafarers still believed to be stuck onboard as variants of the virus emerge and countries shut their borders to travel.
Mark Dickinson, Nautilus International general secretary and seafarers spokesperson at the ILO, said: 'The governance and structure of the industry was brutally exposed during the pandemic. The industry is fragmented despite the requirements of the UN Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and this massively contributed to the chaos. The major flag states are paper tigers – zero visibility, zero ability, zero interest in the welfare of their crews.
'The 97 governments who have ratified the MLC have a duty to make sure crew can get home at the end of their contracts. It's there in black and white. There are no get-out clauses or special conditions. Governments that failed to ensure seafarers are repatriated or prevented crew from getting home, denied them medical care ashore, and that failed to cooperate internationally to guarantee seafarers their rights are in clear breach of the MLC and thus their international obligations.'
The STC meeting recommended extra cooperation between nations to help end the crew change crisis.
In addition, the meeting passed a resolution stating that seafarers should be given rapid access to Covid vaccines and suggested a number of ways to ensure that they can be vaccinated, including the establishment of specialist hubs in major ports.
'Many seafarers have lost their jobs because of the pandemic and as a consequence of the way governments are handling the crisis many more are reconsidering their choice of career,' Mr Dickinson added. 'That's had an impact on the shipping business with some companies unable to continue operating owing to crew shortages. That's affecting the whole world economy. Governments must act urgently to prevent the situation becoming even worse.'
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For more than 30 years, Gibbs has advised on and developed product and service marketing for many businesses and he has consulted, lectured, and authored numerous articles and books.
What's in a Raspberry Pi name? How to rename your RPi under Raspbian
Permanently or temporarily changing the hostname of your Raspbian-based RPi is easy if you know how ...
Mark Gibbs
A common task after setting up Raspbian-based Raspberry Pi systems is to change the machine’s name (the hostname) because it will, by default, be set to "raspberrypi".
While this may not be an issue if you have only one RPi on your network, for anyone developing Internet of Things (IoT) systems where there are multiple RPi’s, it would obviously be desirable to give them more useful hostnames.
You can change the hostname temporarily using the hostname command (note that you must use sudo otherwise the command will fail) but, once you reboot, the name will revert to what it was previously set to and what we usually want is to change the hostname permanently. There are a number of ways this can be achieved including using the hostname command in a shell script at startup which could perhaps be useful if you need a dynamically defined hostname but the method most often cited is by editing the hosts file, thusly:
sudo nano /etc/hosts
Here’s what you’ll see:
If you change the last line, in this case, 127.0.1.1 raspberrypi, to something else, say, 127.0.1.1 barkometer (in honor of my Barkometer series), then, after rebooting, that will be your machine’s hostname. Whatever you do, DO NOT change 127.0.1.1; if you do, you will be annoyed by the consequences.
Want an even easier way to change your Raspberry Pi’s hostname? Try using hostnamectl. This command, which is available on pretty much every Linux distro including Raspbian:
… distinguishes three different hostnames: the high-level "pretty" hostname which might include all kinds of special characters (e.g. "Lennart's Laptop"), the static hostname which is used to initialize the kernel hostname at boot (e.g. "lennarts-laptop"), and the transient hostname which is a fallback value received from network configuration. If a static hostname is set, and is valid (something other than localhost), then the transient hostname is not used.
Here’s the default output; the command:
hostnamectl status
... outputs the same information:
There are actually three hostnames: Static, transient, and "pretty"; the latter is a string that can contain any characters including those that can't be used in RFC 1123 hostnames. The command:
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname “Barkometer”
... sets the static, and pretty hostnames (the transient hostname is set to null, i.e.""). Again, you must use sudo or the command will fail.
Note in the above screenshot that if the pretty hostname is specified and the static hostname wasn't then the pretty name will be made RFC 1123 compliant by replacing uppercase with lowercase and spaces with underscores, and by omitting special characters before it's copied into the static hostname. You can specifically set any of the three hostnames, for example:
sudo hostnamectl --transient set-hostname “barkometer”
sudo hostnamectl --static set-hostname “barkometer”
sudo hostnamectl --pretty set-hostname “barkometer”
... but note that hostnamectl won't allow you to specifically set a static hostname to a string that isn't RFC 1123 complaint. Here's an example of having set the pretty hostname to "Barkometer" (which is then transformed to "barkometer" for the static hostname) then having set the transient hostname to something different, for example, "Test":
Perhaps it's a bug but the transient hostname can be set to a string that isn't RFC 1123 complaint and which is then used when the hostname is required.
A cool feature of hostnamectl is the ability to remotely set hostnames using SSH so, if the host you're on and the target machine you want to rename both have hostnamectl installed:
sudo hostnamectl -H [email protected] set-hostname “Barkometer”
... will launch an SSH session, connect to the target machine, request your password, and set the hostnames accordingly (you can also use the --static, --transient, and --pretty options with -H).
Finally, under Raspbian, specifying an empty string ("") without specifying a hostname:
sudo hostnamectl set-hostname “”
... will show the static hostname as "n/a", the transient hostname set to localhost (which is used when the hostname is presented to the network services), and the pretty hostname to null, so it isn't displayed, After rebooting, that's how the hostnames will still be set.
Comments? Thoughts? Drop me a line or comment below then follow me on Twitter and Facebook.
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Mark Gibbs is an author, journalist, and man of mystery. For more than 30 years, Gibbs has waded through the swamps of the computer industry.
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Prisoner advocate slams Aust MP Peter Dutton for calling 'kind, caring' 501 deportees 'trash' | Newshub
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Prisoner advocate slams Aust MP Peter Dutton for calling 'kind, caring' 501 deportees 'trash'
12/03/2021
Hannah Kronast
Watch: Newshub spoke to a deportee after Peter Dutton called them "trash" in a controversial interview. Credits: Image - 9 News, Getty; Video - Newshub
A New Zealand prisoner advocate has condemned Australia's Home Affairs Minister for calling 501 deportees "trash", saying many of them are "kind, caring, genuine people who just need a chance" but comments like Dutton's may cause them to re-offend.
Australia's deportation programme has resumed for the year, with the first planeload of criminals leaving Brisbane for Auckland this week.
The journey made headlines when a reporter, who was allowed on the tarmac, hounded the deportees.
"Our country doesn't want you, are you excited to go home?" he said.
Australia's Home Affairs Minister Peter Dutton then went on to criticize the deportees.
"It's taking the trash out, then we can make Australia a safer place," he said.
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But New Zealand Prisoners' Aid and Rehabilitation Society manager Aimee Reardon told Newshub many of the prisoners are suffering from depression and anxiety, on top of dealing with the grief of leaving loved ones and the systems that they know.
"They have been forced into a country which for a lot of them is really foreign and they are really vulnerable. So comments like that only intensify their feelings, and their negative feelings and they fuel public perception. They are aware of that.
"Personally I think for a minister to refer to any human being as being "trash" is appalling, especially as this particular minister doesn't appear to understand the specific circumstances of these people he is referring to. I think that ultimately these comments fuel feelings of helplessness and worthlessness that ultimately contribute to the portion of these people who do offend and re-offend in New Zealand."
Reardon said some media outlets are portraying the prisoners as the worst offenders - rapists, murderers - but many have only made "minor mistakes" and aren't horrible people.
"It's just about remembering that these deportees are people and we all make mistakes," she said.
"Just because a minister or a policy paints these people as being a certain way - that's not the case. I know a lot of these people and most of them are kind, caring, genuine people who just need a chance to stay with their families and live their lives."
She said she can understand deporting people who have committed serious or repeated offences - "but that is not the case with many of these people".
"Most of them have spent their whole lives in Australia, they have been raised in Australia and have spent decades contributing to their economy and communities and have made a relatively minor mistake. New Zealand isn't their home."
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For many individuals, living in New York City is the ultimate dream. The bright lights, bustling streets, and crowded sidewalks have an allure unlike any other, making the city that never sleeps a desirable hot spot to live. However, living in this popular destination certainly comes at a cost. In fact, New York City is consistently ranked as one of the most expensive cities to live in in the United States. If you’ve got your sights set on living in the Big Apple, determining whether or not you have what it takes to turn your dream of city living into a reality requires a great deal of planning. The following information can help you answer the question: can I actually afford to move to New York?
Do I Have a Budget?
Those most successful in making a move to New York are individuals who have set and stick to a strict budget. In a city with such a high cost of living, it is crucial to know where every dollar you spend goes. Do you find yourself grabbing takeout on the way home from work 5 nights a week? Do you treat yourself to luxurious manicures and pedicures on a regular basis? Compiling a detailed budget of your income and expenses will help you figure out what you will be able to afford when living in New York, as well as where you might need to cut back. Your income will need to support your rent, utility bills, and food costs. Other factors you’ll want to take into account include the amount that will go towards your savings, retirement, and emergency funds. When considering a move to New York, many people will explore supplemental income opportunities in order to achieve a more comfortable livelihood.
Finding the Right New York Neighborhood
While conversations of New York typically conjure up images of Manhattan, the city is actually made up of several different boroughs. Within the borders of each borough are wholly unique neighborhoods that offer distinct, one of a kind atmospheres. The neighborhood you choose to move to is one of the largest determining factors in your ability to move to New York.
For example, Harlem is a neighborhood that has grown in popularity among young professionals and student seeking out a more affordable living choice. With an estimated $2,000 median asking rent, Harlem’s diversity and up-and-coming vibe make it an attractive option to New York newcomers. Other more affordable neighborhoods include Queens, Brooklyn, and the Bronx. New Yorkers with a bit more stretch in their wallets flock to the East Village, a hip area full of restaurants, bars, and shops. Boasting a median asking rent of $3,150, the East Village is a top choice among young professionals new to the area.
Which Living Style is Right for Me?
Once you’ve pinpointed your neighborhood of choice for your move to New York, you’ll then have to determine the most realistic living style for your budget. While you may live alone in a 1-bedroom apartment in your current city, newcomers to New York often find themselves searching for roommates to make living in the city possible. There are a number of different resources available to help aid in your roommate search. Once you’ve find the right group to live with, you can find apartment that suits your needs and split all the living costs involved.
An alternative to roommate living is renting a vacant room, or subletting a room under an existing lease. This is an attractive option, as it gives you a relatively inexpensive place to live when you first arrive to New York without confining you to a year-long lease. You will then have the flexibility to explore a more affordable long-term living solution in a neighborhood you love.
A final living style you can consider is to of course rent an apartment on your own. The most expensive of the living style options, you will need to ensure your income will support all monthly expenses associated with your apartment. If you can afford it, living solo provides the peace and solitude rarely found in the city.
Costs of Moving to New York
When determining whether or not you can afford to move to New York, it is important to keep in mind that the costs associated with the move do not start once you get there. In fact, the actual move itself will add up. Do you have to time and energy to pack up your belongings yourself? Have you purchased the right amount of boxes and other moving supplies? Are you planning on hiring movers? Do you have a trusted moving company to handle a cross-country relocation? These are just a few of the questions you will need to ask yourself as you prepare to move to New York. Factoring moving costs into your budget will better situate you once you’ve finally arrived at your new home.
Moving is always stressful, but moving to New York brings a unique set of challenges. Roadway Moving is the number one rated moving company in New York, trusted by thousands of individuals to provide unmatched care and attention to detail for both local and long distance moves. If moving to New York is on your bucket list, contact Roadway Moving today to see how we can help you turn your dream into reality, at an affordable price.
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As much as cats love to play, scratch and explore the world around them, they also like to snooze. Healthy adult cats spend an average of 16 hours a day sleeping, while kittens, senior cats and those with health problems may require even more rest.
From sleeping on their side to stretching out on their backs with their stomachs facing upwards, we can learn a lot about our feline friends through their sleep routines. Below, we’ve asked the team of specialists from the Republic of Cats to share the meanings behind the most common cat sleeping positions.
In this article you will learn hide
1 Belly up cat
2 Curled up kitty
3 In a box
4 Eyes half shut
5 Loaf of bread
6 Sleeping on you
7 Stretched out
8 Sleeping on their side
9 Paws across face
10 Sitting up
11 TL;DR
11.1 Share this post:
Belly up cat
This position refers to the cat sleeping on its back with its fluffy belly exposed and splaying its paws. When cats expose their stomach areas, they’re letting the world know that they feel secure and happy with their surroundings.
A cat’s stomach is considered the most vulnerable part of its body. Belly up is the most vulnerable sleeping position, so if your cat is exposing its little tummy, it’s a sign that they trust you and feel safe within their home.
Curled up kitty
When cats curl up into a crescent, wrap their tails around their body and tuck their heads toward their chest it means they are protecting themselves from potential danger.
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Do you know these fun cat facts?
This is an instinctive position that allows cats to conserve their body heat while protecting vulnerable parts of the body. Because of this, it is one of the most common sleeping positions.
If your cat is sleeping in this position, they almost definitely want to be left to sleep in peace.
In a box
Shoeboxes, bathroom sinks and even empty cardboard boxes are only a few of the weird and wonderful places where your cat might choose to take a nap.
Cats like to squeeze into tight spaces where they feel safer and more secure as opposed to being exposed to the potential dangers of a wide-open space. The perceived danger in your home might be something as trivial as the washing machine or the vacuum cleaner in the corner of the room, so don’t be too alarmed by this behaviour.
It’s perfectly normal for your cat to crawl into drawers, baskets and boxes, as well as hidden corners, under beds and underneath tablecloths. Cats have a natural need for warmth and protection, and these confined spaces give cats a quiet, peaceful environment.
Tig likes to sneak in the conservatory and sleep in the sun in a box
Eyes half shut
If you’ve ever wondered why your cat is sleeping with its eyes half-open, this is because of its predatory nature that allows them to react instantly to anything that startles them. Sleeping with eyes half open also means cats are able to keep track of their environment and feel more at ease.
This position is common for newly adopted cats, or pets living in chaotic environments with energetic children. It’s also an indicator that your cat is not willing to let its guard down. If this is the case you should ensure they have a variety of quiet and cosy places where they can curl up and relax.
Loaf of bread
Cats sleep in lots of interesting positions, and the ‘loaf’ is among the most common. This position is when a cat sleeps with their paws and tail tucked under them, and it looks like they form the shape of a loaf of bread. They sleep in this position because it’s extremely comfortable and keeps them warm.
Your cat’s paws do not have fur to regulate heat, so when it is cold they keep them tucked underneath the body to keep warm. Additionally, the loaf position can indicate that your cat is happy and relaxed, meaning they feel safe near you and trust you.
Sleeping on you
Unlike humans, cats’ natural instincts make them always ready to attack prey or defend themselves. Since they are always ready for action, it makes sense why they would keep extra protection by cuddling up to their owner. Sleeping next to or on another cat friend or owner helps them to feel safe and protected from predators.
Another reason why our cats cosy up to us is that they want extreme warmth, attention and they feel safe around you to be vulnerable.
Stretched out
Cats love to sprawl out on their bellies with their paws stretched out in front and behind them – looking like Superman. This position indicates that they are in a deep sleep and feel very relaxed and at ease in their surrounding environment. They don’t feel threatened.
Tip: try not to disturb a cat while they are in a deep sleep, it will make them extra cranky.
Sleeping on their side
Much like the belly up, this position involves your cat exposing the most vulnerable area on the body, their belly. Again, this position is a positive sign that your cat feels comfortable around you and within your home. A cat sleeping on its side is often in a deep sleep and is likely to rest for a longer period of time than when in other positions.
Just like humans, sleeping on their side is one of the most comfortable positions for cats. Cats who favour this position are often relaxed and feel confident.
Paws across face
Have you ever spotted your cat covering their face or head with their paws when they are sleeping? There are multiple reasons why they may favour this pose. If their paws cover their eyes, they could be blocking out the sun or a bright light in the room or trying to keep their nose warm.
If their head is covered, this means they wish to not be disturbed. When they bury their head, they feel safe and protected, sending the message that they want some alone time to rest. If you spot your kitty sleeping in this position, it’s best to leave them and avoid waking them unless you want a moody cat on your hands!
Sitting up
The sitting up position is when your cat sleeps while in an upright pose with its tail wrapped around its paws. If you look closely, your cat is probably not sleeping, they will more often than not be simply resting, so they can still spring to action at a moment’s notice.
This sleeping position allows them to wake up and pounce if they feel threatened. Cats in this position will often feel anxious and unsettled. For most cats, this is just natural instincts kicking in, but if you find this behaviour becoming more frequent, monitor how your cat acts in certain rooms in the home and what could be causing them to feel threatened and anxious.
TL;DR
A cat’s sleeping position can tell you a lot about their mood and how they feel. One of the most common positions is when your cat sleeps with its paws tucked under them, in what we call “the loaf position”. This indicates that your kitty feels safe around you and trusts you to take care of him or her while he/she rests.
Another sign that your pet is feeling happy, if she curls up next to another friend or on top of you!
Cats who sleep on their side are usually relaxed and content which means they enjoy being near us humans just as much as we love having them close by for warmth, companionship, protection, etc.
And finally, cats who have their head covered likely want some alone time while they catch a few z’s since this means they feel safe and confident to be vulnerable.
Read more about cat body language:Find Out What Your Cat’s Tail Wagging Really Means [A-Z Guide]
Cat Sleeping Positions Infographic by Ruffle Snuffle’s Life With Pets is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
What Does Your Cat's Sleeping Position Really Mean? Click To Tweet
How to Keep an Indoor Cat from Getting Bored: 8 Ideas to try
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21st October 2021
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I'm a product description. I'm a great place to add more details about your product such as sizing, material, care instructions and cleaning instructions.
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SKU: 632835642834572
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make first phrase of each workaround a label in the corresponding HTML anchor name (allowing the user's browser to highlight that phrase when following a link to that anchor)
Legend:
Unmodified
Added
Removed
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SAT-with-UAS-Linux
v17
v18
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There are two approaches to getting smartmontools to work with one of these devices, both involving setting a "quirks" flag for the device in question.
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A. [=#workaround-set-u]If you just want to get smartmontools working again and don't care about the performance improvements the come from using UAS mode, you can simply use the IGNORE_UAS flag to tell Linux to stick with the usb-storage mode instead, by using the "u" flag on the `usb-storage.quirks` setting.[[BR]][[BR]]
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A. [=#workaround-unset-t]If you want to continue using UAS mode and are sure your particular device does properly support SAT mode even though the kernel detects it as a device that does not (e.g. as described in ticket:971#comment:12) , you can override that default configuration and suppress the NO_ATA_1X/":t" flag by passing an empty flag list in the `usb-storage.quirks` setting.
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A. [=#workaround-set-u If you just want to get smartmontools working again and don't care about the performance improvements the come from using UAS mode], you can simply use the IGNORE_UAS flag to tell Linux to stick with the usb-storage mode instead, by using the "u" flag on the `usb-storage.quirks` setting.[[BR]][[BR]]
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A. [=#workaround-unset-t If you want to continue using UAS mode and are sure your particular device does properly support SAT mode] even though the kernel detects it as a device that does not (e.g. as described in ticket:971#comment:12) , you can override that default configuration and suppress the NO_ATA_1X/":t" flag by passing an empty flag list in the `usb-storage.quirks` setting.
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Note that in either case, you will need to find the idVendor and idProduct fields for your device, in 4-digit hex format. This information is found in the `New USB device found, idVendor=NNNN, idProduct=NNNN`
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A SOLDIER who cheated death after he was shot in the neck in a gunfight in Afghanistan has been described as the miracle of Helmand . Andrew Ferguson, of Sish Close in Stevenage, is with 1st Battalion The Royal Anglian Regiment and was serving in Helmand
A SOLDIER who cheated death after he was shot in the neck in a gunfight in Afghanistan has been described as "the miracle of Helmand".
Andrew Ferguson, of Sish Close in Stevenage, is with 1st Battalion The Royal Anglian Regiment and was serving in Helmand Province when he was seriously injured.
His mother, Anji Kerr, said: "Apparently at the time they thought all the gunmen were on the ground, so they scrambled up onto a roof to get shelter. They saw a sniper on the roof and, as they were getting down, Andrew was hit.
"He said he didn't immediately realise he had been shot, but felt pressure on the back of his neck.
"The others were shouting 'man down' and he didn't realise they were talking about him.
"He didn't realise until he put his hand to his neck that blood was pumping out."
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Mrs Kerr said a helicopter came quickly to airlift her son to an Afghan hospital.
"By the time he phoned me himself he had had surgery," she said. "The bullet had gone straight through and missed his vertebrae by millimetres.
"When he told me I had a physical sensation of the blood running from my head. It's one of the few times I've been lost for words."
Lance Corporal Ferguson, father to seven-year-old Joshua and five-month-old Alfie, was flown back to the UK where he underwent further surgery at Selly Oak Hospital in Birmingham.
The 31-year-old, who was on his second tour after previously serving in Iraq, was shot in December. He is now back at work on light duties at Pirbright barracks in Surrey. He is undergoing physiotherapy to get his neck moving freely again.
L/Cpl Ferguson has lost two close comrades in Helmand Province - Adam Drane and Robert Hayes. Lance Corporal Drane, killed in December, was the 100th British soldier to die in Afghanistan last year. L/Cpl Ferguson was with him when he died. Private Hayes was killed earlier this month.
Mrs Kerr said: "He does wonder why he survived and they did not. We grieve for those boys and pray for their families' peace, but to me Andrew is a miracle - the miracle of Helmand."
She added: "I am so proud of him. I'm immensely proud of all of them. Andrew desperately wants to get back out there. He wants to be with his team.
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A coalition of Navy SEALs and other highly trained fighters are suing the Biden administration over its COVID-19 vaccine mandate.
The suit comes after the Department of Defense refused to grant the service members exemptions from the vaccine, according to KCYU-TV.
“The fact that the government has not granted a single religious exemption from the vaccine mandate shows that the Biden Administration does not care about religious freedom,” Mike Berry, general counsel for First Liberty Institute, said in a news release.
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“Instead, this appears to be an attempted ideological purge. Forcing a service member to choose between their faith and serving their country is abhorrent to the Constitution and America’s values.”
“After all these elite warriors have done to defend our freedoms, the Navy is now threatening their careers, families, and finances. It’s appalling and it has to stop before any more harm is done to our national security,” he said.
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The suit alleges that the Defense Department is violating the First Amendment, federal law and department regulations.
The group bringing the complaint is composed of 26 Navy SEALs, five Navy special warfare combatant craft crewmen, one Navy explosive ordnance disposal technician and three Navy divers.
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The lawsuit says the plaintiffs are “members of various denominations within the Christian faith, and, collectively, they represent three main branches of Christianity: Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Protestant.”
“Plaintiffs each object to receiving a COVID-19 vaccination based on their sincerely held religious beliefs.”
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Some of the service members take issue with the use of stem cells in the development of the vaccine.
“Plaintiffs believe that receiving a COVID-19 vaccine that was tested, developed, or produced using aborted fetal cell lines would force them to violate their sincerely held religious beliefs by causing them to participate in the abortion enterprise, which they believe to be immoral and highly offensive to God,” the lawsuit says.
“Multiple Plaintiffs hold the sincere religious belief that all life is sacred, from conception to natural death, and that abortion is the impermissible taking of an innocent life in the womb.
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“As a result of their sincerely held religious beliefs regarding life and abortion, multiple Plaintiffs are unable to receive any of the COVID-19 vaccines due to what they believe and understand is a connection between these vaccines and their testing, development, or production using aborted fetal cell lines.”
Other plaintiffs “are compelled to avoid anything that adversely alters or may modify their bodies’ natural functions in a manner not designed by God.”
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Austin Orders All National Guard, Reserve to Get Vaccinated or Face Pay Loss
“Plaintiffs do not believe that staying true to their faith means exposing themselves or others to unnecessary risk. Quite the contrary, they view life — whether their own or that of their fellow Service Members — as sacred and deserving protection.
“Therefore, Plaintiffs do not object to safety measures like mask-wearing, physical distancing, regular testing, sick leave, and teleworking. Indeed, Defendants have employed such measures during the prior eleven months, when COVID-19 vaccines have been widely available.”
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The suit notes that members of the Navy who are not vaccinated by Nov. 28 could face “immediate adverse consequences,” including court-martial prosecution, “removal from promotion lists, inability to attend certain military training and education schools, loss of special pay, placement in a non-deployable status … and loss of leave and travel privileges for both official and unofficial purposes.”
The lawsuit says the military has been hostile to those requesting religious exemptions.
“When at least one Plaintiff told his command that he would be requesting a religious accommodation, he was ordered to remove his special warfare device pin from his uniform. Other Plaintiffs have been threatened with the same adverse treatment,” the complaint alleges.
“The Vaccine Mandate substantially burdens the SEALs’ free exercise of religion, and the Department of Defense has failed to prove it has a compelling government interest, or that there are no less restrictive ways to further its effort to mitigate the Covid-19 virus,” FLI said.
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Jack Davis is a freelance writer who joined The Western Journal in July 2015 and chronicled the campaign that saw President Donald Trump elected. Since then, he has written extensively for The Western Journal on the Trump administration as well as foreign policy and military issues.
Jack Davis is a freelance writer who joined The Western Journal in July 2015 and chronicled the campaign that saw President Donald Trump elected. Since then, he has written extensively for The Western Journal on the Trump administration as well as foreign policy and military issues.
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CNN Fires Chris Cuomo, Network Defends Move: 'We Had Cause to Terminate'
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Three Scottish windfarms were "switched off" yesterday after a massive turbine collapsed in high winds. The machine, which stands more than 200ft tall at a windfarm in Argyll, apparently "bent in half" during the storm conditions that swept Scotland on Thursday. Operator Scottish Power stopped the 26-turbine facility ahead of a probe into the cause of the collapse. The energy giant also switched off two windfarms in the south of Scotland which use the same Vestas V47 turbines.
Three Scottish windfarms were "switched off" yesterday after a massive turbine collapsed in high winds.
The machine, which stands more than 200ft tall at a windfarm in Argyll, apparently "bent in half" during the storm conditions that swept Scotland on Thursday.
Operator Scottish Power stopped the 26-turbine facility ahead of a probe into the cause of the collapse.
The energy giant also switched off two windfarms in the south of Scotland which use the same Vestas V47 turbines.
Last night, Wolf-gerrit Fruh, a senior lecturer in energy engineering at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, described the incident as "extremely unusual".
It is understood the collapse at the Beinn an Tuirc windfarm in Argyll and Bute on Thursday afternoon, as winds reached gusts of 50mph locally, is the first of its kind north of the border.
Mr Fruh said: "It's the first time I have heard of one falling over."
He added: "They are designed to withstand strong winds."
It is understood that the 72 machines that have been switched off represent about 10% of all the wind turbines... more [truncated due to possible copyright]
Three Scottish windfarms were "switched off" yesterday after a massive turbine collapsed in high winds.
The machine, which stands more than 200ft tall at a windfarm in Argyll, apparently "bent in half" during the storm conditions that swept Scotland on Thursday.
Operator Scottish Power stopped the 26-turbine facility ahead of a probe into the cause of the collapse.
The energy giant also switched off two windfarms in the south of Scotland which use the same Vestas V47 turbines.
Last night, Wolf-gerrit Fruh, a senior lecturer in energy engineering at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, described the incident as "extremely unusual".
It is understood the collapse at the Beinn an Tuirc windfarm in Argyll and Bute on Thursday afternoon, as winds reached gusts of 50mph locally, is the first of its kind north of the border.
Mr Fruh said: "It's the first time I have heard of one falling over."
He added: "They are designed to withstand strong winds."
It is understood that the 72 machines that have been switched off represent about 10% of all the wind turbines in Scotland.
But Mr Fruh said the move was unlikely to effect energy production.
"At the moment it's a drop in the ocean," he said.
"I don't think this particular incident is a sign of other things to come. It's a very isolated incident."
But Bob Graham, chairman of Highlands Against Windfarms, warned that turbine collapses are likely to increase as more windfarms are built in Scotland.
A Scottish Power spokesman confirmed no one was injured in the incident in which the tower bent in half, leaving the blades on the ground.
The £21million windfarm, 10 miles north of Campbeltown, which has an output of 30 megawatts, was switched off shortly afterwards.
He added: "A team of specialist engineers, including representatives of the manufacturers, are going to investigate and try to understand what caused it."
It is understood that among the issues being probed will be whether the blades were moving at the time of the incident - they should automatically stop in strong winds.
Dunlaw windfarm, a 26-turbine base near Lauder in the Borders, and the 20-turbine Hare Hill facility, close to New Cumnock, Ayrshire, were also shut down "as a precautionary measure". They will be reopened once each turbine has been inspected.
Shetland Aerogenerators, which operates three Vestas V47s at Burradale windfarm, near Lerwick, Shetland, was advised by the manufacturers to "monitor the situation".
Alan Owen, lecturer in engineering at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, said: "Common wind turbine failure could be due to materials, design, or fabrication, and a repeated series of strong gusts could produce forces which were not originally envisaged by the designer."
Earlier this year one man died after a turbine collapsed in Oregon in the US. The engineer was at the top of the Siemens machine when it fell during 25mph winds.
Source: http://thisisnorthscotland....
NOV 10 2007
https://www.windaction.org/posts/11859-alert-after-turbine-collapses-in-high-winds
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COVID-19 is a viral respiratory illness caused by SARS and originating from the region of Wuhan, China. It originated in China but due to the extensive travelling back and forth from this country and the contagious nature of the virus, it has spread from China to nearly every part of the world. This has resulted in the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic.
Cause
The disease is caused by the coronavirus or more accurately Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus is a large family of viruses and its spread is zoonotic, which means it spreads from animals to human beings. This disease spread from a bat to a human; and by early January, it was spreading because of human-to-human contact.
How does the virus spread?
The virus is said to spread by close contact between the people and through respiratory droplets produced during coughing or sneezing. It can also spread through coming in contact with surfaces that a person with the virus touched with their mouth or eyes. The latter, however, is not how the virus mainly spreads but still carries its risks.
Symptoms
Those diagnosed with COVID-19 might be asymptomatic but a majority developed symptoms of flu including dry cough, shortness of breath, and fever. The lesser-seen symptoms include runny nose, sore throat, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. The carrier may also develop pain in muscles or joints. The development of systems can take up to 14 days during which the carrier also risks spreading it to others.
Diagnosis
As of right now, there are two main ways to test for COVID-19. The standard testing includes a nasopharyngeal swab or taking a sputum sample. The results become available either in a few or in around two days. The other method is taking a blood sample but they must be taken two weeks apart, but with the demand for immediate results, this falls short.
Safety Precautions
The COVID- 19 can affect people differently and the prevention for it is better than a cure. The safety precautions include avoiding large gatherings because it is spread through close physical contact. The vulnerable should be kept separate from the others in a house. Meetings should be conducted through videoconferencing; but if it's not possible to do so, then they must be conducted in open spaces. The surfaces that come in contact with people should be disinfected regularly. For commercial establishments, online transactions, booking and scheduling to stagger the influx of customers is an excellent precautionary measure.
COVID-19 is a global pandemic and seems to be worsening considering the number of infected has crossed 2500 in Italy alone by 18 March and increasing. More areas are reporting cases day by day and if necessary precautions are not taken to stop the virus and limit its spread than it will prove even more fatal than it has as of now. The efforts to create a vaccine are underway and until the vaccine is created, the most that public can do is try not to let it spread by exercising precaution to the best they can.
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The Ancient Africa Enslavement and Civil War Museum in Selma, Dallas County, focuses on and interprets African American history from ancient Africa to the twenty-first century. It particularly emphasizes the experience of enslaved Africans and the impact of slavery on the United States to memorialize those events and to educate future generations.
Ancient Africa, Enslavement, and Civil War Museum
The museum was established in 1998. Its exhibits include areas dedicated to African societies before the beginning of the transatlantic slave trade in the fifteenth century with a special emphasis on ancient Egypt. The museum also focuses on the experiences of enslaved Africans in the European slave trade, detailing the deadly Middle Passage with interactive displays depicting the conditions that enslaved people endured before, during, and after the passage from Africa to colonial America. This section includes a slave cabin, holding cells, and an auction block, as well as a timeline that recounts the history of slavery in the Americas. It also contains exhibits focusing on African American participation in the Civil War and the effects of emancipation, detailing the violent history of white supremacy in the Jim Crow South. The museum ends its tour of African American history with a perspective piece on current events, called "The New KKK: Kids Killing Kids," that condemns twenty-first century oppression of African Americans.
Museum displays also celebrate those individuals who opposed and continue to oppose the systemic oppression of African Americans in its Hall of Resistance. Inductees include anti-apartheid activist and South African politician Winnie Mandela, former president of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and Black Power advocate Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael), and pioneer in Africana studies John Henrik Clarke. The museum holds annual inductions as part of the Selma Jubilee Bridge Crossing to commemorate the events of March 7, 1965, known as "Bloody Sunday." The museum holds a yearly Maafa/Juneteenth Celebration to remember those enslaved individuals who died during captivity and to celebrate the day that emancipation was announced in Texas on June 19, 1865; this date is now celebrated nationally to mark the end of slavery in the United States. Maafa is the Kiswahili word for "disaster" that has come to be used since the 1980s to describe the totality of the experience and effects of African slavery on Africa, Africans, and African Americans. It is used much like the way the term "holocaust" is used to describe the experience of European Jews under Nazi oppression prior to and during World War II.
The museum is affiliated with the nearby National Voting Rights Museum and Institute, which collects, exhibits, interprets, and documents images and artifacts related to the history of Selma, the American voting rights struggle, and the civil rights movement. The museum is run by director R. Abayomi Goodall and staffed primarily with volunteers. It is located on 1410 Water Avenue and is open Monday through Saturday from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. and by appointment on Sunday. There is an admission fee.
Published: September 7, 2018 |  Last updated: September 7, 2018
THE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF ALABAMA
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0.987568 |
ЕСЕ ја подржа инцијативата за зајакнување на работата на телата за човекови права на ООН. Оваа иницијатива дава препораки што ги сметаме за основни за зајакнување на системот на тела за човекови права и ги вклучува нашите препораки до државите, телата за човекови права, Канцеларијата на високиот комесар за човекови права (OHCHR) и претседателот на 75 седница на Генералното собрание за тоа како да се спроведат овие препораки.
https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/IOR4033192020ENGLISH.pdf
Во продолжение го пренесуваме интегралниот текст на иницијативата.
THE ONGOING BUSINESS OF STRENGTHENING THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY BODIES
Joint NGO response to the report of the co-facilitators of the UN General Assembly’s review of the UN human rights treaty body system
INTRODUCTION We welcome the report containing the findings and recommendations of the consultation process on the UN human rights treaty body system published by the co-facilitators of the process on 14 September 2020 (the Report).1 We would like to extend our appreciation to the co-facilitators, the Permanent Representatives of Morocco and Switzerland to the UN, for their leadership in this process.
We appreciate that the co-facilitators adhered to the instructions of the President of the General Assembly to conduct the consultations in a “transparent and inclusive manner” and sought the views of civil society during the process, despite the many challenges that arose in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.2
In their report addressed to the President of the 74th session of the UN General Assembly, the co-facilitators address several key issues that all stakeholders discussed during the three-month consultation process and make recommendations on how these should be addressed. In addition, the co-facilitators recommend that a “follow-up process” should be undertaken to allow for further discussions and consensus solutions to be reached that would allow Member States to reaffirm their support for General Assembly Resolution 68/268 on the treaty body system, and complement it where needed.
This joint NGO response highlights some of the key recommendations we consider fundamental for the strengthening of the human rights treaty body system (treaty body system), and includes our recommendations to States, the treaty bodies, the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR), and the President of the 75th session of the General Assembly on how to move forward on the implementation of these recommendations.
USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
We welcome the Report’s conclusion and recommendations with regard to the need to increase the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of the treaty body system, including through technological developments. The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the challenges treaty bodies face to function online. We welcome the efforts undertaken by treaty body members and their secretariats to switch to online sessions, but we are seriously concerned about the postponement, cancellation and scaling down of nearly all sessions scheduled for 2020, including, in particular, the postponement of reviews of States parties’ periodic reports since March 2020.
We welcome more online accessibility and participation overall, and consider them positive developments for civil society engagement with the treaty bodies. Good practices regarding online participation by civil society already existed prior to the COVID-19 crisis, and we consider that these may be further built upon by drawing on this experience.
Digital technologies should be used as a tool, selectively and where appropriate, to increase the effectiveness, efficiency and flexibility of the treaty bodies, in their individual committees, across committees and with stakeholders.4 Predictability, transparency and inclusivity, as well as security, privacy, confidentiality and accessibility, including adequate interpretation, are also essential conditions to enable the full participation of civil society.
Where online engagement is envisioned, adequate conditions to ensure predictability, transparency and inclusivity, as well as security, privacy, confidentiality and accessibility must be provided. Civil society experiences of online engagement to date must be taken into account when assessing current efforts. OHCHR and the United Nations Office at Geneva must ensure that suitable platforms are used, and Member States must ensure that funding is available for digital meeting platforms and for other technological needs of the system (see Individual communications).
INDIVIDUAL COMMUNICATIONS
We welcome the Report’s recommendation to invest in and set up a digital case management system for individual communications and urgent actions for parties to submit, access and track relevant information, including on the status of a case. Effective follow up communications with all parties are essential to ensure that accurate information is provided through all stages of consideration of individual communications and implementation of views.
Furthermore, we welcome the Report’s conclusion that the individual communications system would benefit from the allocation of appropriate financial, human and technical resources to the Petitions Unit to enable it to more systematically manage the growing number of communications it receives and, at the same time, reduce the existing backlog. We recommend that Member States provide the necessary funding through the regular budget for such resources without further delay. We regret that the report of the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ)6 on the programme budget for 2021 has recommended that the Fifth Committee deny the majority of the resources requested by the Secretary-General for additional staff support for the treaty bodies for 2021.
Given that a modern case management system, which enjoys strong and widespread support, is imperative for the effective and timely work of the treaty bodies, we recommend that it be set up by OHCHR7, and that Member States provide funding for this purpose, either through the regular budget or through voluntary contributions to OHCHR, without further delay.
Member States should not support the ACABQ’s recommendation to deny needed additional resources for the treaty bodies in 2021, and should advocate in the Fifth Committee for the full allocation of resources requested by the Secretary-General in his proposed budget for 2021. Member States should also urge the Secretary-General to request the full allocation of additional resources that the treaty bodies require in order to function effectively in his proposed budget for 2022, which he will prepare in the first months of 2021.
NOMINATION AND SELECTION OF TREATY BODY MEMBERS
We welcome the support for the ‘Guidelines on the independence and impartiality of members of the human rights treaty bodies’ (“The Addis Ababa Guidelines”) in a number of submissions to the co-facilitators. We welcome the strong opposition expressed by many States to establishing a code of conduct for treaty body members, which would be incompatible with the full independence of the treaty bodies - and potentially open a dangerous avenue for States to attempt to control the actions of treaty body experts.
In this regard, we welcome the co-facilitators’ call that “States and all other stakeholders should recommit to fully respecting the independence of treaty body members and to avoiding any act that would interfere with the exercise of their functions”.
States have been repeatedly reminded, including in resolution 68/268 itself, and in the biennial reports of the Secretary-General and NGO submissions to those reports,9 of the importance of national competitive selection processes for the nomination of Committee experts, and/or of other independent vetting processes. Such processes would ensure that nominated candidates fulfil the highest standards of competence, expertise and independence that are necessary for the treaty bodies to best discharge their protection functions. Yet, few States have set up such national processes. Furthermore, States also frequently disregard the criteria set out for a merit based independent membership and engage in vote-trading to secure support for their candidates.
We welcome initiatives to increase openness and transparency around nominations and elections of treaty body experts. Improved nomination procedures will ensure strong pools of quality, independent and diverse candidates nominated by States. We recommend that when States formally put forward a nominee, they should also report about their national selection process, including compliance with principles for independent, open, transparent, participatory, competitive and merit-based selections with the aim of ensuring diversity of nominees, including based on gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, disability, age, etc.
We also support the proposal to create a web-based elections platform and call on States parties to review carefully the expertise, independence and impartiality of the nominees, paying due attention to the geographical and gender composition of the respective treaty bodies, and not to vote for unqualified nominees as a consequence of vote-trading.10
A future follow-up process by the General Assembly should avoid any initiatives that would interfere with the independence and impartiality of the treaty bodies, and reject any attempt to introduce a so-called Code of Conduct or any purported Ethics Council for the treaty bodies.
ACCESSIBILITY AND ALIGNMENT OF WORKING METHODS AND METHODOLOGIES FOR ENGAGEMENT WITH STAKEHOLDERS AND FOLLOW-UP TO RECOMMENDATIONS
We welcome the recommendation to the treaty bodies to adopt an aligned methodology for the constructive dialogue. We also welcome efforts to make the concluding observations more focused, concrete, targeted, measurable and implementable, as well as the recommendation that the treaty bodies should align their methodologies with respect to their interaction with stakeholders. However, we emphasize that the General Assembly must respect the independence of the treaty bodies and prerogative of the treaty bodies to establish their own working methods. In this connection, we urge the treaty bodies to take these steps without further delay.
In this regard, we also recommend that the treaty bodies establish -- and OHCHR provide support for -- additional opportunities to coordinate their work and strengthen procedural and jurisprudential coherence and mutual reinforcement, building on interdependence and indivisibility of rights. It is critical that in pursuing such opportunities each treaty’s legal specificity be respected, and that the ultimate objective be to enhance States parties’ compliance with their treaty obligations, as opposed to seeking to eliminate duplication for its own sake. This coordination can take place online and a plan in this regard should be proposed by OHCHR without further delay. States must provide funding for such meetings to be held.
We also welcome the recommendation to States to expand and institutionalize follow-up at national level. States should strengthen their engagement with the treaty bodies on issues of implementation, and also invest in national procedures to monitor implementation, such as the setting up of national mechanisms for reporting and follow-up.
The General Assembly should provide appropriate resources from the regular budget to ensure that the treaty body system is accessible to civil society and other relevant stakeholders, including through webcasting and online meetings, and for the development of necessary information management systems.
Member States should provide funding for an accessibility audit across the treaty bodies, including for their webpages, civil society participation, dialogue with States parties, and physical premises, with a view to proposing arrangements that would make possible and enhance the participation of persons with disabilities, including, for example, through the provision of international sign language interpretation, live captioning, Plain English, Easy-Read format and braille. Such an audit must not be limited to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
FIXED CALENDAR AND PERIODICITY OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY BODIES SESSIONS
We welcome the broad support for predictable reporting calendars and the benefits they could bring to the system as a whole, improving coordination of State reporting obligations, and also ensuring periodic scrutiny of all States parties. As the co-facilitators point out, fixed calendars would contribute to predictability and stability in reporting for both States parties and treaty bodies, as well as for civil society.
It is key that there is coordination among treaty bodies in the establishment of such calendars and with the UPR reporting obligations. We consider that such calendars will increase transparency, coordination and predictability and will promote regular reviews by all States parties. It is key that regularity of reviews be kept at the heart of the coordination and costing estimates that OHCHR will carry out. States are parties to the treaties and, therefore, must provide resources for effective monitoring of their implementation of their freely undertaken treaty obligations.
We support the position of the Chairs,13 and the prerogative of all treaty bodies, to establish fixed review schedules for the regular reviews of all States parties. We strongly recommend that the treaty bodies move forward as one system and ensure coordination among the various Committees.
We support the Report’s suggestion that OHCHR could prepare, in coordination with the treaty bodies, a proposed schedule and estimated costing for predictable review cycles, and encourage OHCHR to do so without further delay.
REVIEWS IN THE REGIONS
We welcome the co-facilitators support for reviews in the region “as an important step towards increased domestic stakeholder accessibility, enhanced visibility of the treaty body system and closer interaction with national and regional human rights systems.”
We consider that such reviews could have a positive effect in bringing the treaty bodies closer to the domestic stakeholders, including rights-holders, the ultimate beneficiaries, and increasing awareness and visibility of the work of the treaty bodies, as well as strengthening cooperation with regional human rights mechanisms.
We welcome the Report’s recommendations to encourage the treaty bodies to engage with Member States at the regional level, including through reviews in regions, follow-up webinars on concluding observations and for the sharing of good practices. Member States should consider inviting treaty body members to hold discussions on follow-up issues in-country. OHCHR and host States should make the necessary arrangements to facilitate safe access for civil society representatives without fear of intimidation and reprisals, and should also support meaningful engagement by CSOs that may not be familiar with these processes.
CAPACITY BUILDING AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
We welcome the activities that have been carried out as part of the OHCHR capacity building programme established by resolution 68/268, which has enabled dozens of countries around the world to submit their periodic reports to the treaty bodies. Nevertheless, we note that civil society engagement in the capacity building programme has been limited.
We support the call to strengthen the role of OHCHR in supporting the treaty body system and providing technical assistance for capacity building and for OHCHR to conduct a thorough, inclusive, independent and publicly available evaluation of the capacity-building programme. We also call for the integration of a dedicated civil society component into the capacity-building programme.
BUDGETARY ISSUES
We welcome the co-facilitators’ recognition that the treaty bodies face serious resource deficits (as set out above in the section entitled individual communications) and that the failure of Member States to provide the treaty bodies with the resources they require to function has a direct impact on the enjoyment of human rights. We agree with the co-facilitators that States have an obligation to avoid taking actions that lead to this protection gap.
Since 2017, however, Member States have repeatedly denied the treaty bodies the full amount of resources they require to function, including by partially rejecting budget requests from the Secretary-General for additional staff support to allow the treaty bodies to process rising numbers of individual petitions (justified with reference to the resourcing formula in resolution 68/268); by making across-the-board cuts to UN travel funds aimed at reducing the overall UN budget that had an outsized impact on the treaty bodies; and by creating a financial architecture at the UN in which the Secretariat lacks cash reserves to draw upon when Member States fail to pay their assessed contributions to the UN in a timely fashion, leading to repeated cash flow crises that have threatened, in turn, OHCHR’s ability to facilitate the treaty bodies’ meetings and other activities.
We are also concerned that since 2017 the Secretary General has stopped requesting Member States to provide the full allocation of additional resources that the resourcing formula in resolution 68/268 indicates they require, let alone the additional resources that the Secretary-General’s biennial reports to the UN General Assembly on the treaty bodies notes that they require to carry out mandated functions that are not covered by the resolution 68/268 formula.15 We understand that this is a reflection of political pressure by States that are averse to growth in the regular UN budget in general and to the growth of resources allocated to support the treaty body system in particular.
In their report, the co-facilitators suggest that a follow-up process should revisit the funding formula in resolution 68/268 to allow States to identify and agree on more appropriate ways of calculating the treaty bodies’ true resource needs. NGOs welcomed States’ adoption of resolution 68/268 and its innovative resourcing formula because it reflected an unprecedented expression of consensus that States should objectively calculate and fully meet the treaty bodies’ resource needs. We recognize that the 68/268 formula does not capture all of the relevant treaty bodies’ needs. At the same time, we also recognize that present resource crisis affecting the treaty bodies has not arisen because Member States lack information about their actual resource needs; rather, the resource crisis is a consequence of a lack of political will on the part of some Member States to adequately fund these institutions and more broadly to ensure that the UN has the financial means it requires to operate.
Member States should act immediately, including in the context of the ongoing discussions on the regular UN budget for 2021 in the Fifth Committee, to address the serious resource shortfalls affecting the treaty bodies. In their discussions on the 2021 regular budget, Member States should at the very least approve the additional resources requested by the Secretary-General, and should, in fact, consider providing the additional resources that the treaty bodies need but that the Secretary-General has not requested; in the course of efforts to reduce the overall UN budget for 2021, Member States should also avoid imposing across-the-board cuts to travel budgets or cuts to other resources that will negatively affect the ability of the treaty body system to function.
Member States should also urge the Secretary-General to request the full allocation of additional resources that the treaty bodies require in order to function effectively in his proposed budget for 2022, which he will prepare in the first months of 2021.
Any follow-up process - and any future discussions about adjustments to the resourcing formula for the treaty bodies - must be aimed at reaffirming State support and adequate funding of the treaty bodies on the basis of their resource needs. The follow-up process will not benefit the treaty bodies, let alone rights-holders, if its practical result is to force the treaty bodies to adopt changes to their working methods aimed primarily at reducing their operational costs, rather than at making them more effective at monitoring States parties’ compliance with their binding human rights treaty obligations.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The co-facilitators' report clearly reflects widespread support for the treaty bodies, as well as the urgent need for technological upgrades and additional resources to facilitate and strengthen their ability to work effectively. We also welcome the strong conviction expressed by many stakeholders during the consultations that the independence of the treaty bodies must be maintained.
We encourage Member States, treaty bodies, and OHCHR to consider the recommendations set out in this document and to support their immediate implementation. We also recommend that the President of the General Assembly ensure that any follow-up process on the treaty bodies convened during the 75th session is carried out in an open, transparent and inclusive manner, as was the 2020 review, so that the views of civil society can continue to play an integral role in the proceedings.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO UN MEMBER STATES:
Provide appropriate resources from the regular budget to ensure that the treaty body system is accessible to civil society and other relevant stakeholders, including through webcasting and online meetings, and for the development of necessary information management systems.
Advocate for the full allocation of resources requested by the Secretary-General in the 2021 budget in the Fifth Committee and not support the ACABQ’s recommendation to deny needed additional resources for the treaty bodies in 2021.
Fund meetings that will enhance inter-committee coordination.
Urge the Secretary-General to request the full allocation of additional resources that the treaty bodies require in order to function effectively in his proposed budget for 2022, to be prepared in the first months of 2021.
Avoid imposing across-the-board cuts to travel budgets or cuts to other resources that will negatively affect the ability of the treaty body system to function.
Fully respect the independence of treaty body and the prerogative to establish their own working methods.
Reject any attempt to introduce a so-called Code of Conduct or any purported Ethics Council for the treaty bodies.
When formally putting forward candidates for treaty body membership, report about the national selection process, including compliance with principles for independent, open, transparent, participatory, competitive and merit-based selections, with the aim of ensuring diversity of nominees, including based on gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, disability, age, etc.
Carefully review the pool of nominees, vote only for qualified nominees and avoid vote-trading for human rights expert mechanisms.
States should strengthen their engagement with the treaty bodies on issues of implementation, and also invest in national procedures to monitor implementation, such as the setting up of national mechanisms for reporting and follow-up.
Invite treaty body members to hold discussions on follow-up issues in-country.
Provide funding for an accessibility audit across the treaty bodies, including for their webpages, civil society participation, dialogue with States parties, and physical premises, with a view to proposing arrangements that would make possible and enhance the participation of persons with disabilities, including, for example, through the provision of international sign language interpretation, live captioning, Plain English, Easy-Read format and braille. Such an audit must not be limited to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE HUMAN RIGHTS TREATY BODIES:
Establish additional opportunities to coordinate the work by the treaty bodies in order to strengthen procedural and jurisprudence coherence and mutual reinforcement, building on interdependence and indivisibility of rights.
Establish fixed review schedules for the regular review of all States parties and ensure due inter-committee coordination when establishing such calendars.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE UNITED NATIONS (OFFICE OF THE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS, UN OFFICE AT GENEVA, UN SECRETARIAT):
Take into account civil society experiences of online engagement to date and address shortcomings.
Ensure suitable platforms for online engagement with the treaty bodies and that online engagement with the treaty bodies meet adequate conditions to ensure predictability, transparency and inclusivity, as well as security, privacy, confidentiality and accessibility.
Provide support for inter-committee discussions to strengthen and coordinate the work of the treaty bodies and to strengthen procedural and jurisprudential coherence and mutual reinforcement, building on interdependence and indivisibility of rights.
Prepare without delay, a proposed schedule and estimated costing for predictable review cycles.
OHCHR in coordination with host States should make the necessary arrangements to facilitate safe access to revies in regions for civil society representatives without fear of intimidation and reprisals, and should also support meaningful engagement by CSOs that may not be familiar with these processes.
Conduct a thorough, inclusive, independent and publicly available evaluation of the capacity-building programme and integrate a dedicated civil society component into the capacity-building programme.
RECOMMENDATION TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY:
Ensure that any follow-up process on the treaty bodies convened during the 75th session is carried out in an open, transparent and inclusive manner, as was the 2020 review, so that the views of civil society can continue to play an integral role in the proceedings.
SIGNATORIES:
ACAT España Catalunya (Acción de los Cristianos para la Abolición de la Tortura)Action Canada for Sexual Health and RightsAditus foundationAdvocates for Human RightsAl-dameer Association for Human RightsAlbinism Society of Eswatini ASESWAAlianza por los Derechos de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes en MexicoAll human rights for all in IranALTSEAN-BurmaAmerican Civil Liberties Union (ACLU)Americans for Democracy & Human Rights in Bahrain (ADHRB)Amnesty InternationalAntenna fondationAnti-Slavery InternationalArticle 12 in ScotlandAsistencia Legal por los Derechos Humanos A.C. (ASILEGAL)Asociación Pro Derechos Humanos de España (APDHE)Assocaition pour la Protection des droits des Enfants au Tchad-défense des Enfants International (APDET-DEI TCHAD)Associação de Reintegração dos Jovens/ Crianças na Vida Social (SCARJoV)Association ARC-EN-CIELAssociation Des Jeunes Futurs Cadres Du PaysAssociation ESEAssociation for the Prevention of TortureAssociation Mauritanienne Pour la Promotion des Droits de l'homme AMPDHAssociation of the Survivors of Makobola Massacres ( ARMMK)Association pour la paix et le développementAUDF Alliance pour l'universalité des Droits Fondamentaux ONGAWIDAye RightBir Duino KyrgyzstanCanadian Centre on StatelessnessCare Micronesia FoundationCASACIDNCEDAL - Centro de Derechos y DesarrolloCenter for Civil LibertiesCenter for Reproductive RightsCenter for the Human Rights of Users and Survivors of PsychiatryCentral Union for Child WelfareCentre for Independent Journalism (Malaysia)Centre International de Conseil, de Recherche et d'Expertise en Droits de l'Homme (CICREDHO)Centro de Políticas Públicas y Derechos Humanos- Peru EQUIDADChild Protection Alliance- The GambiaChild Rights Governance NepalChild Rights Information Centre (CRIC) MoldovaChildren's Rights Alliance for EnglandChinese & Southeast Asian Legal ClinicCitizens Commission on Human Rights New ZealandColectivo de Abogados "José Alvear Restrepo" -CAJAR-Collectif Défenseurs PlusCollectif des familles de disparus en AlgérieCollectif pour la promotion des droits des personnes en situation de handicapComisión Mexicana de Defensa y Promoción de los Derechos HumanosComisión Nacional de los Derechos HumanosConfederacion Sordos de VenezuelaCoordinated Organizations and Communities for Roma Human Rights in Greece (SOKADRE)Corporacion OPCIONCyprus Confederation of Organizations of the DisabledDEFENCE FOR CHILDREN INTERNATIONALDisability Rights InternationalECPAT Sri LankaEKAMA Development FoundationFIDH - International Federation for Human RightsFIDH (International Federation for Human Rights)Finnish Refugee Advice CentreFondazione PangeaForum Tunisien pour les Droits Économiques et SociauxFUNDACION PANIAMORFundación Regional de Asesoría en Derechos Humanos, INREDHGeneva for Human RightsGlobal Campaign for Equal Nationality RightsGlobal Detention ProjectGRADEL-GuinéeGreek Helsinki Monitor
Grupo de Mujeres de la Argentina
Halley Movement Coalition
Hope For Children- CRC Policy Center
Human Rights Center of Azerbaijan
Human Rights Clinic, School of Law, University of Texas at Austin
Human Rights Commission of Pakistan
Human Rights in China (HRIC)
Humanist Union of Greece
Humanium
Institute for Development and Human Rights - IDDH
Intact Denmark
International Child Rights Center
International Commission of Jurists
International Council of Women
International Dalit Solidarity Network
International Federation of ACATs (FIACAT)
International Rehabilitation Council for Torture Victims (IRCT)
International School Psychology Association (ISPA)
International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)
ISDE Bangladesh
Jacob Blaustein Institute for the Advancement of Human Rights (JBI)
Japanese Workers' Committee for Human Rights - JWCHR
Kurdistan Human Rights-Geneva (KMMK-G)
Latvian Human Rights Committee
LDDH Djibouti
LEAGUE FOR DEFENCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS ROMANIA
Liga Mexicana por la Defensa de los Derechos Humanos, Limeddh
Ligue des droits de l'Homme (LDH)
MARUAH, Singapore
MENA Rights Group
Minority Rights Group-Greece
Mouvement Lao pour les Droits de l'Homme
Movimento Nacional de Direitos Humanos - MNDH Brasil
Naisasialiitto Unioni
National Secular Society (UK)
NNID Foundation
Norwegian Helsinki Committee
Observatorio Ciudadano
ODRI Intersectional rights
Ombudsman for Children, Croatia
ONG FEMMES ET ENFANTS EN DETRESSE FEED NIGER
ONG SAMBA MWANAS( Gabon)
Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI)
People for Successful Corean Reunification (PSCORE)
Plan International
Promo-LEX Association
PROMSEX, Centro de Promocion y Defensa de Los Derechos Sexuales y Reproductivos
Purple Admiral Foundation for Community Development
Red Latinoamericana de Organizaciones no Gubernamentales de Personas con Discapacidad y sus Familias - RIADIS
REDIM
Refugee Rights Europe (RRE)
Réseau National de Défense des Droits Humains (RNDDH)
Réseau Unité pour le Développement de Mauritanie
Save the Children Finland
Save the Children International
Sisters' Arab Forum for Human Rights (SAF)
SOHRAM-CASRA Centre Action Sociale Réhabilitation et Réadaptation pour les Victimes de la Torture, de la guerre et de la violence
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MDN.ORG Mo. Digital News Missouri Digital News MDN.ORG: Mo. Digital News MDN.ORG: Missouri Digital News
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Missourians speak out against 'doctor shopping'
Date: January 25, 2012
By: Natalia Allen
State Capitol Bureau
See Related Stories
3/ 8/2011: Radio Story - Patients with prescriptions may have more power when insurance companies try to switch prescription medications, according to a bill in Senate Health Committee
Intro:
A bill to keep people from doctor shopping means a drug monitoring system for Missouri.
RunTime:
0:41
OutCue: SOC
Play it
Wrap: A House committee reviews a bill to keep people from bouncing from one pharmacy to another and abusing prescription drugs.
Representative Keith Frederick sponsors the bill to establish a statewide system for monitoring prescription drugs.
Republican Senator Rob Schaaf says the drug monitoring program is an invasion of privacy.
Actuality:
SCHAFF1.WAV
Run Time:
00:10
Description: "I don't want my drug medication list on a database that big brother will have access to. It is a freedom issue and a privacy issue."
The bill would allow several people access to the databases containing patients prescription such as state prosecutors, prescribers, and law enforcement officials.
Reporting from the state Capitol, I'm Natalia Allen.
Intro:
A St. Louis based drug distribution company supports a bill that will give the government access to private medical records.
RunTime:
0:32
OutCue: SOC
Wrap: An Express Scripts representative urged lawmakers to pass legislation that would monitor prescription drugs.
Michael Harold says the bill will help business because the company will be able to distribute more pills - a 90-day supply instead of 30.
Actuality:
EXPRESS.WAV
Run Time:
00:08
Description: "Because we are a mail ordered pharmacy in St. Louis that ships our medication all over the country we are still controlled by Missouri law."
The House committee did not vote on the bill and there's no time line for the bill to be taken up again.
Reporting from the state Capitol, I'm Natalia Allen.
Intro:
A Missouri Senator vows to strike down a bill giving the government access to some private medical records.
RunTime:
0:26
OutCue: SOC
Wrap: Republican Senator Rob Schaff - the only physician in the Missouri Senate - says he'll prevent a statewide prescription drug monitoring program from becoming law.
Actuality:
SCHAFF2.WAV
Run Time:
00:04
Description: "If it comes to the Senate it will pass only if it will overcome my filibuster."
A House Committee heard testimony from the public on the bill Wednesday, but didn't vote.
Schaaf says he doesn't want Big Brother to see his medication list.
Reporting from the state Capitol, I'm Natalia Allen.
Missouri Digital News is produced by Missouri Digital News, Inc. -- a non profit organization of current and former journalists.
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The Apache HTTP Server is a modular program where the administrator can choose the functionality to include in the server by selecting a set of modules. Modules will be compiled as Dynamic Shared Objects (DSOs) that exist separately from the main httpd binary file. DSO modules may be compiled at the time the server is built, or they may be compiled and added at a later time using the Apache Extension Tool (apxs).
Alternatively, the modules can be statically compiled into the httpd binary when the server is built.
This document describes how to use DSO modules as well as the theory behind their use.
Implementation
Usage Summary
Background
Advantages and Disadvantages
Comments
Implementation
Related Modules
Related Directives
mod_so
LoadModule
The DSO support for loading individual Apache httpd modules is based on a module named mod_so which must be statically compiled into the Apache httpd core. It is the only module besides core which cannot be put into a DSO itself. Practically all other distributed Apache httpd modules will then be placed into a DSO. After a module is compiled into a DSO named mod_foo.so you can use mod_so's LoadModule directive in your apache2.conf file to load this module at server startup or restart.
The DSO builds for individual modules can be disabled via configure's --enable-mods-static option as discussed in the install documentation.
To simplify this creation of DSO files for Apache httpd modules (especially for third-party modules) a support program named apxs (APache eXtenSion) is available. It can be used to build DSO based modules outside of the Apache httpd source tree. The idea is simple: When installing Apache HTTP Server the configure's make install procedure installs the Apache httpd C header files and puts the platform-dependent compiler and linker flags for building DSO files into the apxs program. This way the user can use apxs to compile his Apache httpd module sources without the Apache httpd distribution source tree and without having to fiddle with the platform-dependent compiler and linker flags for DSO support.
Usage Summary
To give you an overview of the DSO features of Apache HTTP Server 2.x, here is a short and concise summary:
Build and install a distributed Apache httpd module, say mod_foo.c, into its own DSO mod_foo.so:
$ ./configure --prefix=/path/to/install --enable-foo
$ make install
Configure Apache HTTP Server with all modules enabled. Only a basic set will be loaded during server startup. You can change the set of loaded modules by activating or deactivating the LoadModule directives in apache2.conf.
$ ./configure --enable-mods-shared=all
$ make install
Some modules are only useful for developers and will not be build. when using the module set all. To build all available modules including developer modules use reallyall. In addition the LoadModule directives for all built modules can be activated via the configure option --enable-load-all-modules.
$ ./configure --enable-mods-shared=reallyall --enable-load-all-modules
$ make install
Build and install a third-party Apache httpd module, say mod_foo.c, into its own DSO mod_foo.so outside of the Apache httpd source tree using apxs:
$ cd /path/to/3rdparty
$ apxs -cia mod_foo.c
In all cases, once the shared module is compiled, you must use a LoadModule directive in apache2.conf to tell Apache httpd to activate the module.
See the apxs documentation for more details.
Background
On modern Unix derivatives there exists a mechanism called dynamic linking/loading of Dynamic Shared Objects (DSO) which provides a way to build a piece of program code in a special format for loading it at run-time into the address space of an executable program.
This loading can usually be done in two ways: automatically by a system program called ld.so when an executable program is started or manually from within the executing program via a programmatic system interface to the Unix loader through the system calls dlopen()/dlsym().
In the first way the DSO's are usually called shared libraries or DSO libraries and named libfoo.so or libfoo.so.1.2. They reside in a system directory (usually /usr/lib) and the link to the executable program is established at build-time by specifying -lfoo to the linker command. This hard-codes library references into the executable program file so that at start-time the Unix loader is able to locate libfoo.so in /usr/lib, in paths hard-coded via linker-options like -R or in paths configured via the environment variable LD_LIBRARY_PATH. It then resolves any (yet unresolved) symbols in the executable program which are available in the DSO.
Symbols in the executable program are usually not referenced by the DSO (because it's a reusable library of general code) and hence no further resolving has to be done. The executable program has no need to do anything on its own to use the symbols from the DSO because the complete resolving is done by the Unix loader. (In fact, the code to invoke ld.so is part of the run-time startup code which is linked into every executable program which has been bound non-static). The advantage of dynamic loading of common library code is obvious: the library code needs to be stored only once, in a system library like libc.so, saving disk space for every program.
In the second way the DSO's are usually called shared objects or DSO files and can be named with an arbitrary extension (although the canonical name is foo.so). These files usually stay inside a program-specific directory and there is no automatically established link to the executable program where they are used. Instead the executable program manually loads the DSO at run-time into its address space via dlopen(). At this time no resolving of symbols from the DSO for the executable program is done. But instead the Unix loader automatically resolves any (yet unresolved) symbols in the DSO from the set of symbols exported by the executable program and its already loaded DSO libraries (especially all symbols from the ubiquitous libc.so). This way the DSO gets knowledge of the executable program's symbol set as if it had been statically linked with it in the first place.
Finally, to take advantage of the DSO's API the executable program has to resolve particular symbols from the DSO via dlsym() for later use inside dispatch tables etc. In other words: The executable program has to manually resolve every symbol it needs to be able to use it. The advantage of such a mechanism is that optional program parts need not be loaded (and thus do not spend memory) until they are needed by the program in question. When required, these program parts can be loaded dynamically to extend the base program's functionality.
Although this DSO mechanism sounds straightforward there is at least one difficult step here: The resolving of symbols from the executable program for the DSO when using a DSO to extend a program (the second way). Why? Because "reverse resolving" DSO symbols from the executable program's symbol set is against the library design (where the library has no knowledge about the programs it is used by) and is neither available under all platforms nor standardized. In practice the executable program's global symbols are often not re-exported and thus not available for use in a DSO. Finding a way to force the linker to export all global symbols is the main problem one has to solve when using DSO for extending a program at run-time.
The shared library approach is the typical one, because it is what the DSO mechanism was designed for, hence it is used for nearly all types of libraries the operating system provides.
Advantages and Disadvantages
The above DSO based features have the following advantages:
The server package is more flexible at run-time because the server process can be assembled at run-time via LoadModule apache2.conf configuration directives instead of configure options at build-time. For instance, this way one is able to run different server instances (standard & SSL version, minimalistic & dynamic version [mod_perl, mod_php], etc.) with only one Apache httpd installation.
The server package can be easily extended with third-party modules even after installation. This is a great benefit for vendor package maintainers, who can create an Apache httpd core package and additional packages containing extensions like PHP, mod_perl, mod_security, etc.
Easier Apache httpd module prototyping, because with the DSO/apxs pair you can both work outside the Apache httpd source tree and only need an apxs -i command followed by an apache2ctl restart to bring a new version of your currently developed module into the running Apache HTTP Server.
DSO has the following disadvantages:
The server is approximately 20% slower at startup time because of the symbol resolving overhead the Unix loader now has to do.
The server is approximately 5% slower at execution time under some platforms, because position independent code (PIC) sometimes needs complicated assembler tricks for relative addressing, which are not necessarily as fast as absolute addressing.
Because DSO modules cannot be linked against other DSO-based libraries (ld -lfoo) on all platforms (for instance a.out-based platforms usually don't provide this functionality while ELF-based platforms do) you cannot use the DSO mechanism for all types of modules. Or in other words, modules compiled as DSO files are restricted to only use symbols from the Apache httpd core, from the C library (libc) and all other dynamic or static libraries used by the Apache httpd core, or from static library archives (libfoo.a) containing position independent code. The only chances to use other code is to either make sure the httpd core itself already contains a reference to it or loading the code yourself via dlopen().
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Comments
Notice:
This is not a Q&A section. Comments placed here should be pointed towards suggestions on improving the documentation or server, and may be removed again by our moderators if they are either implemented or considered invalid/off-topic. Questions on how to manage the Apache HTTP Server should be directed at either our IRC channel, #httpd, on Freenode, or sent to our mailing lists.
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There are several methods of pest control out there from DIY pest control to professional exterminating company. No matter which method you choose, any pest control efforts are well worth the investment. Pest prevention is always the best first line strategy for pest control. Keeping your house clean and well-sealed, keeping your yard mowed, and practicing good hygiene in and around your home are all simple preventative measures that anyone can take. Pests can be tenacious, however, and sometimes these efforts just aren’t enough.
PEST FACTS & FIGURES
Pests can cause a multitude of problems for your home, property, and even your health. Some common household pests include termites, which can significantly damage or even destroy your home; cockroaches, whose droppings can spread disease and trigger allergies and asthma; mosquitoes, that can transmit diseases like West Nile virus and Zika virus; and rodents, who can damage wood and wiring, as well as transmit serious diseases.
The National Pest Control Association estimates that Americans spent over $3 billion on pest control and extermination services last year. If you’ve ever had a pest problem in your home, most would agree that this investment in pest control is worth it.
Here are the benefits to using a professional pest control company:
HEALTH & SAFETY
The health and safety of family and pets is at the top of the priority list for most people. Pests carry harmful diseases and bacteria that can expose your family and pets to illness. Eliminating these pests quickly can help minimize exposure and protect your family’s health and well-being in the long run. Many pest control companies now offer green pest control options that use products derived from flowers, plants, and natural earth elements rather than harsh chemicals.
EXPERTISE
Pest control professionals have the training, education, and expertise to handle many different types of pests. They know the safe and proper methods to identify, prevent, and eliminate each of these different pests, as well as where and how often to utilize them. They also have access to the most cutting edge technology and techniques in the field, as well as products and treatments that may not be readily available to consumers.
INSPECTION
Pest control effectiveness is maximized by finding the source of the problem. If you have treatment without successfully eradicating the source, the problem will continue to recur in the future. Routine pest control includes a survey and pest control inspection inside and outside your home. This can not only help them identify the source of your current pest problem, but also identify any pest issues you may not know about yet or any issues that have the potential to become future problems.
With this inspection, the pest control technician provides you with a customized pest control program. Using the most innovative and advanced products and equipment, implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques we make a plan for you. This includes the inspection and plan, along with pest identification, ongoing perimeter protection, and continuous communication to help prevent problems in the future. Routine treatment and inspection also allows them to catch pest problems early before they have the chance to cause significant damage to your home and property.
COST
While there may be a cost to you upfront, the cost savings in the long run can be significant for professional pest control services. Professional exterminating provides faster and more effective results than do-it-yourself methods, in most cases. They can also save you money in the future by identifying pest problems early and eliminating them fast, preventing a costly infestation and/or damage in the future. Most pest control companies also offer a service guarantee to come back between scheduled visits, if needed, at no additional cost to the consumer.
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Has it been a while since you managed to see a dentist? If you have not been in the dental office for quite a few years, you might feel a bit anxious about going into the office for a checkup. However, it is the kind of thing that you should not put off for too long.
Getting routine dental cleanings is the best way for you to care for your teeth while keeping them completely clean, healthy, and free of tartar.
Knowing what to expect during your next visit could help to put your mind at ease and relieve some of the anxiety that you have been experiencing because of your upcoming appointment.
X-rays of Your Teeth
During your visit to the dental office for a checkup, you can expect to have X-rays of your teeth taken. The purpose of the X-rays is to help the dentist identify any potential problems that are starting to develop on different teeth in your mouth, such as cavities that can form in areas that would otherwise be rather difficult to see.
A dental assistant may assist you with this step, making sure to capture clear images of your teeth from the front and back of your mouth. Once those images are taken by the dental assistant, they are often uploaded to a computer system under your name to make it easier for the dentist to see what is going on with your teeth when he or she gets to the room that you are waiting in.
A Deep and Thorough Cleaning
After the X-rays are taken, the dentist will come into the waiting room and begin the process of cleaning your teeth. Dental cleaning involves removing plaque, removing tartar, brushing, and polishing the teeth, leaving them looking cleaner, whiter, and much shinier than before.
Deep cleaning of the teeth is a necessity because it is the best way to ensure that you do not have any bad bacteria building up. A dental cleaning typically does not cause any pain at all and is a rather simple procedure that often takes less than 30 minutes for the dentist to complete.
Time to Talk to the Dentist
Once the dentist has carefully examined the X-rays and cleaned your teeth, along with checking them for any potential issues, you will have some time to talk to the dentist about concerns you might have. If you have questions about the condition of your teeth, you can always choose to ask those questions and receive professional answers from a compassionate and properly trained dental professional. Even if you do not have any specific questions to ask, it is still a good time for the dentist to explain his or her findings with you.
If the dental professional sees something that is concerning, such as decay, early signs of gum disease, or even an abscessed tooth in your mouth, he or she will let you know and then go over the different types of treatment options that are offered at the office.
Finding out how to treat different dental problems that you may end up dealing with is always a good thing because you do not want to wait too long to receive the treatment. If you wait a bit too long, the condition of your teeth could get even worse and you could end up in a lot of pain. You might even lose a tooth due to the severity of the issue.
Keep Up With Routine Checkups
Now that you are fully aware of what you should expect the next time you go to the dental office for a routine checkup, you should make it a priority to have your teeth examined at least two times a year. The longer you wait to visit the dentist, the more problems you could start to experience in the future with your teeth.
While you may feel nervous about having dental work done, there is nothing for you to worry about. If you find a good dentist that is compassionate, professional, and good at what he or she does, you should not mind going into the office for checkups and for other dental work that you might eventually need to have done.
Oral Care
3 Jun
Some Tips For Elderly Dental Care
3 Jun 2019 OnCarbu1320
Nobody said getting old is easy, but that doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy every moment. However, one of the biggest problems associated with aging is maintaining oral health. Because while you were young and carefree, your teeth were young too. But as time goes by and teeth get put through their paces every single day, they tend to fail at some point or another.
Or do they?
Well, nobody can guarantee that you’ll enjoy getting older with all your teeth firmly in place. But there are measures people can take to improve and motivate good oral health. And by implementing these strategies, even now, can help a great deal in keeping your natural teeth in place.
To help bring some perspective back to maintaining a healthy smile, here are some tips for elderly dental care.
Pay Closer Attention To Meals
As we get older, we notice that we can’t always eat as eagerly as we used to. That’s because of dangers like diabetes, cholesterol, and several other changes the body goes through based on a particular diet.
Well, the same can be said about the actual food you need to break down with your teeth. For example, biting into hard candy is much riskier when you’re older. So, the obvious solution is to avoid dangerous food for your teeth, regardless of how delicious it might be.
Brush And Flossing Techniques Still Matters
As a child, the dentist most likely told you to concentrate a little more while brushing. Why? Because brushing and flossing quickly turns into a routine. And when you are in a rush, you probably cut corners with the time you take to brush and floss – which is a natural response for many.
But now, it is more important than ever to NOT cut corners, especially when it comes to the techniques you use. For instance, you most likely have a very predictable brushing routine. And if you start paying attention to where you start and stop, it becomes very obvious how many areas you could be missing.
Using the right angles and pressure also influence how effective your brushing routine is going to be, so, remember this the next time you pick up your toothbrush.
Take Action Against Bad Habits
If you have bad habits like smoking or drinking too much coffee, now is a very good time to cut back, especially on the smoking. The fact is that these small habits can compromise the condition of your teeth – in more ways than one. Chances are you already struggle with issues related to these habits.
So, in light of maintaining good oral health while getting older, try your best to control these habits. It will only serve you well in the long run.
Make Regular Trips To Your Dentist
There are still individuals who think that dentist promote annual visits because they want money. The reality is that they want to practice preventive methods, instead of fixing major problems after it’s a little too late. And not only is it more affordable to get a checkup than it is to get a root canal or implant.
Whether society wants to believe it or not, a lot of dental-related problems can be prevented. Small chips, cracks, and holes that you can’t see in the mirror will definitely be visible to a dentist. And fixing this small problem shouldn’t take more than 15 minutes without any excessive problems.
Now, why would people wait until the last second to address the pain they are feeling when it is so much better to catch it early? More specifically, those annual trips to the dentist are for your own good – really.
Consider Filling The Gaps
Granted, some teeth might have gone missing over the years, but there are many options to fill these gaps. For instances, bridges and dental implants are very popular. Even dentures can be a good choice depending on your situation.
If possible, try to get implants. This will stop the bone-loss associated with missing teeth. This happens when there is no root to maintain the shape of the jaw. With a dental implant, a titanium root is used.
There is never a time like the present to take better care of your teeth. Because your smile should only get bigger as you get older.
Dental Health
23 May
How To Know If You Are Grinding Your Teeth And Tips On How To Stop
23 May 2019 OnCarbu1320
Anxiety and stress are related to teeth grinding. Also known as bruxism, teeth grinding commonly happens during sleep. It can also happen when one is concentrating or under immense stress.
It is easy for you to tell if someone is experiencing teeth grinding through teeth that are worn down. There’s usually increased sensitivity when this occurs. The loss of teeth can also be experienced during this phase.
Teeth grinding can also lead to headaches and facial pain. These disappear once you stop grinding your teeth. They occur concurrently with the grinding process. This pain may also be experienced within jaws and the neck.
You can also tell that you grind your teeth if you wake up regularly during sleep. Grinding is usually loud enough leading to discomfort. It may also wake your sleeping partner.
Loose, chipped, flattened and fractured teeth are telltale signs of teeth grinding. Inner and deeper layers of your teeth might be visible due to this. The enamel of the tooth is worn out during this process.
Teeth grinding makes jaw muscles become tighter. You may experience difficulties when opening your mouth since these jaws are locked. The jaw muscles are usually tired. Swelling can also be witnessed on the jaws.
Earaches are also experienced due to teeth grinding. There is usually no problem with the ears during such times. Pain experienced is caused by the grinding of teeth.
It is important for you to ensure that your oral health is on point. Teeth grinding can severely damage your teeth. It is important for you to seek help once you realize that you grind your teeth. Such help will lead to the containment of this condition.
A dentist should be consulted for a comprehensive evaluation. He or she can be able to diagnose teeth grinding. A treatment plan can then be developed. The following tips can be applied to help stop teeth grinding:
1. A night guard is the best way to help in the stoppage of teeth grinding. This appliance should be worn for teeth protection. Such an appliance is usually custom made. Plastics are fitted over teeth to prevent collisions.
It is worn during bedtime. It is able to reduce the pains experienced within the muscles of the jaws. This protects both the upper and lower teeth.
2. Exercising can help in the containment of grinding. Stress is one of the causes that lead to bruxism. These exercises help in the reduction of stress. This, in turn, reduces the risk of teeth grinding.
3. Bathing with warm water before sleeping can help in the relaxation of jaw muscles. You can also apply warm water on a towel and rub it onto your jaws. Heating pads ensure that moist heat penetrates better into the body. This can be very effective when dealing with grinding.
4. Anxiety can lead to you experiencing grinding during sleep. For you to reduce this anxiety, you need to relax. This makes you calm and reduces the chances of grinding your teeth while asleep.
5. Alcohol and caffeine can worsen your grinding. They increase the chances of you experiencing this while asleep. Avoid taking alcohol or coffee during the evenings or at night before sleep.
6. Chewing habits need to be put in check. It is advisable for you not to chew anything that isn’t food. Items such as pencils and pens need not be chewed. This increases the likelihood of grinding since the muscles of the jaws get fond of clenching.
7. A massage helps to relax the body. Massaging your jaw muscles will achieve the same effect. Rub your muscles gently in times of stress.
8. Seeking help can help to reduce severe anxiety. There may be a need for you to talk to a therapist during such times. He or she may help you deal with your anxiety. This, in turn, may lead to a reduction in grinding.
There are various ways in which you can know whether or not you grind your teeth. Grinding can be very damaging to your teeth. Discomfort and pain can be experienced through grinding.
Remedies to help to stop and contain grinding need to be applied. They will help you to realize the benefits of its containment. Help and advice should be sought from your dentist to come up with solutions that will work for you.
Dental Health, Oral Care
22 May
What Exactly Is A Root Canal? – A Jacksonville dentist explains…
22 May 2019 OnCarbu1320
A root canal is needed when a tooth is extremely infected. The goal of a root canal is to save a tooth that would otherwise be unable to be saved without the procedure.
During a root canal, the dentist works to remove bacteria and the present decay from inside and below the tooth in order to save it. Nowadays, modern treatments to conduct root canals are much more effective and much more comfortable than they were previously.
Below, we will discuss some more information on root canals, how to take care of your teeth after getting one, and how to avoid needing one.
What Happens During The Procedure?
1. Numbing.
The first step in getting a root canal is local anesthesia. This is used to numb the tooth and the area surrounding the tooth. This is needed because otherwise, the procedure would be unbearable.
2. Drill.
Once started, the dentist works to drill out a portion of the tooth to access the decay present within the tooth. The dentist does so by drilling a small hole and they use very small tools in order to clear out the damaged and decaying pulp inside of the tooth.
They will also likely use an irrigation tool in order to wash out any of the remaining pulp inside of it. If needed, they will also add some antimicrobial solution inside of the tooth in order to kill off the infection that might be present.
3. Filling.
Once the tooth has been cleaned, your Jacksonville FL dentist will fill the tooth with a temporary filling. This is used because your tooth will not be ready for a permanent crown until the tooth has healed. Once healed, a permanent crown will be put in place.
How To Care For Your Tooth After A Root Canal?
In order to avoid complications, you are going to want to take good care of your tooth after getting the root canal completed. You will want to be sure that you are maintaining a proper oral hygiene routine in order to keep complications from occurring.
You should be doing everything that makes up a good oral route including brushing twice per day, flossing after you eat, and using mouthwash.
How To Prevent Root Canals?
1. Avoid Hard Foods.
One of the things that you are going to want to do to avoid needing a root canal would be avoiding hard foods and things that could present issues like ice cubes.
Biting down on hard surfaces can cause your teeth to weaken and eventually crack. Having your tooth crack is going to expose the inside to bacteria and potential infection which can increase the need of a root canal in the first place.
2. Wear A Mouth Guard.
If you are someone that grinds your teeth at night, you are going to want to be sure to wear a mouth guard in order to protect your teeth at night.
Clenching and grinding your teeth can lead to your teeth wearing down and becoming weakened. This can increase the risk that you suffer from a tooth crack at some point which would necessitate a root canal to avoid infection.
Overall, there is a lot that you want to be aware of if you are in need of a root canal. The treatment is necessary at times when your tooth cannot be saved otherwise. If you implement the proper dental hygiene procedures in your daily life, you should be able to avoid the need for one as best possible. However, sometimes things happen and they cannot be avoided. A root canal is a much less scary procedure nowadays than it was in the past, but it is still best to be avoided.
Dental Health, Oral Care
22 May
Top Causes Of Tooth Sensitivity And How To Avoid Or Eliminate Them
22 May 2019 OnCarbu1320
Tooth sensitivity is an issue that affects 1 in every 8 adults. Lifestyle choices and improper dental care, poor eating habits are some of the leading factors attributed to the sensitivity people experience.
The feeling is like a sharp, sudden, jolt of pain that shoots through the tooth down to its roots. Dentists often associate it with the wearing out of the tooth enamel as well as gum recession.
Fortunately, most of the dental issues can be treated and avoided. But the best approach starts with knowing the causes so that you know how to address them. Some of the top reasons for tooth sensitivity include:
1. Acidic Foods and Drinks
The acid in certain foods and beverages increases the degradation of tooth enamel that speeds up wearing and decay. Over time, the wear of the teeth leads to sensitivity that also worsens over time.
Therefore, dentists recommend that you reduce your consumption of such foods and drinks and avoid taking them when you are about to go to bed. That means you should avoid sodas, energy drinks, citrus fruits and fruit juices, wines, and coffee.
2. Lack of Oral Hygiene
Dental health experts recommend that you brush at least once a day, especially before jumping into bed.
Cleaning the teeth at the end of the day will see to it that you remove the food particles that lead to the build-up of plaque, dental decay, and subsequently, tooth sensitivity.
3. Aggressive Brushing
It is possible to brush and clean your teeth, gums, and mouth every day and still experience sensitivity. It is a matter that baffles many people.
The reason for this is mostly the incorrect brushing techniques that can be too aggressive that it damages the enamel and gums. You should ensure that you use a soft-bristled toothbrush. Take your time while brushing (around five minutes) and be gentle as you move the brush over your teeth and gums in a mild back, and forth motion.
When you swish your mouth with mouthwash, use a product rich in fluoride. If you are using water, ensure it is lukewarm.
4. Using the Wrong Dental Care Products
The market is awash with different kinds of toothpaste and dental hygiene products.
For instance, toothpaste with little or no fluoride will not help preserve tooth enamel. As such, using such a product will result in tooth sensitivity. People that have highly sensitive teeth and gums are advised to use desensitizing toothpaste that contain fluoride and potassium nitrates as active ingredients.
5. Periodontal Disease
Receding gums (periodontal disease) are a significant factor in the cases of tooth sensitivity. The gums are meant to be attached at the base of the teeth.
But when the gums pull away, they leave room for bacteria to take reign and affect the enamel and the dentin of the roots of the teeth cause sharp pain when you eat, drink and brush.
6. Grinding the Teeth
Some people have a compulsive habit of grinding or gnashing their teeth, especially when they are stressed. Grinding the teeth together damages the enamel increasing sensitivity. You can avoid this by chewing dental gum when you get the urge.
For people whose grinding is severely habitual can use products such as the Chinese meridian balls to help them relax.
7. Improper Tooth Position
At times, teeth get crowded as they develop. Some are rotated, and this results in improper grinding of the teeth when chewing that damages the tooth enamel.
The turned and crowded teeth also are hard to clean properly to prevent the formation of plaque. Eventually, issues of tooth sensitivity, cavities, and tooth loss will take precedence.
8. Broken Down Dental Fillings or Restorations
Some dental fillings and restorations are not designed to last long. They are subject to wear and tear and will create room for bacteria to thrive and plaque to form, leading to sensitivity.
9. Dry Mouth
A lack of saliva characterizes a dry mouth. It is a condition medically known as xerostomia.
The role of saliva in the mouth is to help with balancing the bacteria in the mouth and prevent dental decay. It washes away food particles, thus lowering the risk of plaque. Therefore, the lack of saliva can be attributed to cases of tooth sensitivity.
Consider which of these causes are the reason for your oral health problems and take positive steps to avoid or eliminate them.
In most cases, observing proper oral hygiene and dietary habits that promote dental health, as well as routine visits to the dentist, will sort you out.
Oral Care
16 May
Information About Tooth Sensitivity And Tips To Reduce It
16 May 2019 OnCarbu1320
If you are someone that is suffering from tooth sensitivity, you are likely well aware of how painful and irritating it can be. Being unable to partake in things because of tooth sensitivity can be frustrating. Likewise, not being able to brush your teeth without pain can be as well.
Below, we will be going over more information on what can cause this type of sensitivity and some of the key things that you are going to want to do to minimize tooth sensitivity.
What Causes It?
1. Decay.
One of the main causes of tooth sensitivity is from decay. A lot of people suffer from tooth sensitivity because decay can eat at the enamel and dentin of the tooth leading it to be exposed. At the same time, teeth that have cavities can become very sensitive because of the bacteria present.
2. Fractured Teeth.
Another major issue that can result in sensitivity would be fractured or broken teeth. A fracture can expose the tooth in ways that can make it very sensitive.
3. Exposed Root.
Another major thing that is likely to result in tooth sensitivity would be having an exposed root either from serious gum disease or from other reasons.
Now that we have gone over a few of the most common causes of tooth sensitivity, we will be discussing some of the different ways to reduce it.
Reducing Tooth Sensitivity:
1. Using A Desensitizing Toothpaste.
One of the best things that you are going to be able to do when you are looking to combat tooth sensitivity would be to use a desensitizing toothpaste. By using a toothpaste that can reduce the sensitivity that you might be experiencing, you should be able to block pain signals that would normally be sent to your nerves which can minimize the pain associated with the sensitivity.
2. Avoid Grinding.
Another good thing that you are going to be able to do when you are looking to improve the tooth sensitivity that you might be experiencing would be to avoid grinding. You want to avoid grinding your teeth at night time because it is likely to cause you to wear down your teeth and even potentially your enamel.
By wearing a mouthguard at night, you should be able to keep your teeth from getting sensitivity due to teeth grinding.
3. Keep Your Gums Healthy.
One of the main reasons why people end up with sensitive teeth has to do with the fact that they suffer from gum problems. Thus, by keeping your gums as healthy as possible, you should be able to reduce the sensitivity that you might be experiencing dramatically. You want to do various things to keep your gums healthy.
4. Brush Properly.
Another big thing that you will want to do when you are trying to reduce sensitivity that you might be faced with would be to avoid brushing improperly.
A lot of people brush improperly which can lead to damaging the tooth’s enamel. You don’t want to brush too hard because you can be brushing away your tooth’s natural protection mechanism which is the enamel. Along with this, you want to avoid brushing your teeth directly after you drink something acidic or eat something acidic because you are going to be much more likely to brush away your enamel. You want to wait before brushing your teeth if you are going to be drinking or eating anything acidic to avoid softening your enamel and brushing it away.
If you are experiencing tooth sensitivity, follow these tips above and you should be able to figure out what is causing the issue and effectively stop it from being such a big problem.
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0.999969 |
I invested c£10k (this morning) in EUR to GBP forex on a Trading212 practice account how is this growth even possible...please explain like I’m 5 years old, cause I must be missing something here!
submitted by DiwaRock to UKInvesting [link] [comments]
Overbit's demo account provides 8 BTC and 50K USDT to allow traders to practice their trading skills on Crypto, Forex or Commodities. Test the demo account today.
submitted by JuniceLiew to Overbit [link] [comments]
How many profitable trading account months (on average) before you would suggest someone start trading with real money? And what's a good amount of real money to trade with for my purposes?
I'm ending my first month of trading a Forex practice account up 1.5%. I'm pretty pleased with this outcome since my goal is to one day turn this into a job and not to get a crazy high rate of return or expect to get rich quick. My system and approach right now seems to be best described as "trend trading". It's mostly based off of "Naked Forex" (the book) and ForexSignals TV (a YouTube channel) but I've used a variety of other sources' advice as well. I also read the news quite a bit, usually for a few hours a day.
My long term goal is to get a stable rate of return with a practice account and then move on to a significant but not huge amount of money, perhaps try to get sponsored or otherwise take the appropriate series exams (I had an offer to get paid to study and take the Series 63 at one point in time but since I had no actual trading experience, I passed it up for other opportunities), then if my practice account months go well I would start trading with a significant amount of real money while ideally not risking my savings. Finally, if I can turn a stable profit for X time on that I would start looking for a job or internships, perhaps go back to the guys who made me that offer some time ago by now.
Unfortunately my educational background has no economics study at all, even though it was good enough that I had that offer to get paid a modest salary to study for the Series 63 and try my hand at a brokerage job, although that specific job offer was more of a personal relations thing and not as a trader myself.
So to recap, here's my questions:
(1) How many months would you imagine is appropriate with a practice account before moving on to real money?
(2) If your goal was to get a job in a bank or a similar institution, what's the minimum amount of real money you would like to see in a real account before you would treat someone with no economics educational background as a serious candidate for such a job?
Thank you for your replies!
submitted by Spark-001 to Forex [link] [comments]
Spark Profit is a fun way to get your feet wet with Forex without risking any actual money (but possibly winning some)
Hey everyone! I posted a detailed review of Spark Profit in beermoney but I realized it might actually might be more relevant here. Basically, Spark Profit is a game that gives you points for accurately predicting the movement of various currency pairs. If you earn enough points, you can earn small amounts of cash. It has a very simple interface, so it's a less intimidating way to jump in than some of the Forex practice accounts. You can read my full description here.
submitted by ems857 to Forex [link] [comments]
I read that 90% of people blow their accounts in forex. As a beginner is it possible to just practice with a demo account until you master a strategy? Do people not do this?
submitted by Thelittlefungi to Forex [link] [comments]
Best cards/bank accounts/practices for traveling? Things like: no forex-txn fees, no ATM fees, should you convert CAD directly to local currency or should you take USD?
For anyone who travels outside of North American often, do you have any recommendations for how to handle getting money in foreign countries?
submitted by deanat78 to PersonalFinanceCanada [link] [comments]
Are there "demo" accounts to practice options trading like in Forex?
Hey guys! I was wondering if demo accounts exist as forex ones so I can get comfortable with the platform and try what I learn.
submitted by Infinity-- to options [link] [comments]
Is there any forex system I can use in browser? Must have a practice account.
submitted by iamtheilluminati to Forex [link] [comments]
Benefits Of A Forex Trading Demo Account, Practice Risk Free
submitted by forexalerts to Trading [link] [comments]
I’m done :/
Hi, I’m 16 borrowed 1k from my parents. I was confident i can be profitable after studying and trading paper money for 4 months. Basically after months of trading on a live account I blew up my 1k account. It was a good experience and somewhat knowledgeable. For the past few weeks I was up +500 then down -400 then finally I blew up my account. Shortly after blowing my account I’ve realized, trading might not be my thing or I just need more practice. This made me realize how much greed and how much trading is more of a psychological warfare. It was easy to stick to your trading plan using only 1-3% of your account per trade when your not using real money. My plan for now is to just try and get a job and return the money i borrowed (still scared to say i lost all the money) and keep paper trading for 6 months or longer.
Edit: Thanks for the advice and helpful comments as well as for the criticism. I’ve been reading the comments and getting the most value out of them. I’ve decided to follow some of the comments I think made the most sense. So here’s my plan:
Get a part time job
Pay back my parents
Save money
Learn, practice, learn forex
Paper trade
Also a lot of people have asked me how in the world did I manage to trade when I’m only 16. Answer to that is my parents agreed to open an account under their own name.
Also thank you again for going out of your way giving advices. It really helps me out a lot.
submitted by TradingRam to Forex [link] [comments]
New to Forex (on a practice Micro account)
Hey guys. Just curious but on my practice account, my equity = $8.57 and my balance = -$3.42. Does this mean I owe the broker or is my equity all that matters?
It's strange because at the moment I have no open trades so wouldn't that mean my balance = equity?
Any help or advice would be much appreciated :D
submitted by chegothy to Forex [link] [comments]
Good resources to learn about forex?
So I have a new job that pays me a fair bit more than my old jobs ever did and i’m interested in looking at forex and eventually into stocks and larger investments. Wondering if you ladies have any good resources for where to start?
submitted by lucac98 to FemaleLevelUpStrategy [link] [comments]
Former investment bank FX trader: some thoughts
Hi guys,
I have been using reddit for years in my personal life (not trading!) and wanted to give something back in an area where i am an expert.
I worked at an investment bank for seven years and joined them as a graduate FX trader so have lots of professional experience, by which i mean I was trained and paid by a big institution to trade on their behalf. This is very different to being a full-time home trader, although that is not to discredit those guys, who can accumulate a good amount of experience/wisdom through self learning.
When I get time I'm going to write a mid-length posts on each topic for you guys along the lines of how i was trained. I guess there would be 15-20 topics in total so about 50-60 posts. Feel free to comment or ask questions.
The first topic is Risk Management and we'll cover it in three parts
Part I
Why it matters
Position sizing
Kelly
Using stops sensibly
Picking a clear level
Why it matters
The first rule of making money through trading is to ensure you do not lose money. Look at any serious hedge fund’s website and they’ll talk about their first priority being “preservation of investor capital.”
You have to keep it before you grow it.
Strangely, if you look at retail trading websites, for every one article on risk management there are probably fifty on trade selection. This is completely the wrong way around.
The great news is that this stuff is pretty simple and process-driven. Anyone can learn and follow best practices.
Seriously, avoiding mistakes is one of the most important things: there's not some holy grail system for finding winning trades, rather a routine and fairly boring set of processes that ensure that you are profitable, despite having plenty of losing trades alongside the winners.
Capital and position sizing
The first thing you have to know is how much capital you are working with. Let’s say you have $100,000 deposited. This is your maximum trading capital. Your trading capital is not the leveraged amount. It is the amount of money you have deposited and can withdraw or lose.
Position sizing is what ensures that a losing streak does not take you out of the market.
A rule of thumb is that one should risk no more than 2% of one’s account balance on an individual trade and no more than 8% of one’s account balance on a specific theme. We’ll look at why that’s a rule of thumb later. For now let’s just accept those numbers and look at examples.
So we have $100,000 in our account. And we wish to buy EURUSD. We should therefore not be risking more than 2% which $2,000.
We look at a technical chart and decide to leave a stop below the monthly low, which is 55 pips below market. We’ll come back to this in a bit. So what should our position size be?
We go to the calculator page, select Position Size and enter our details. There are many such calculators online - just google "Pip calculator".
https://preview.redd.it/y38zb666e5h51.jpg?width=1200&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=26e4fe569dc5c1f43ce4c746230c49b138691d14
So the appropriate size is a buy position of 363,636 EURUSD. If it reaches our stop level we know we’ll lose precisely $2,000 or 2% of our capital.
You should be using this calculator (or something similar) on every single trade so that you know your risk.
Now imagine that we have similar bets on EURJPY and EURGBP, which have also broken above moving averages. Clearly this EUR-momentum is a theme. If it works all three bets are likely to pay off. But if it goes wrong we are likely to lose on all three at once. We are going to look at this concept of correlation in more detail later.
The total amount of risk in our portfolio - if all of the trades on this EUR-momentum theme were to hit their stops - should not exceed $8,000 or 8% of total capital. This allows us to go big on themes we like without going bust when the theme does not work.
As we’ll see later, many traders only win on 40-60% of trades. So you have to accept losing trades will be common and ensure you size trades so they cannot ruin you.
Similarly, like poker players, we should risk more on trades we feel confident about and less on trades that seem less compelling. However, this should always be subject to overall position sizing constraints.
For example before you put on each trade you might rate the strength of your conviction in the trade and allocate a position size accordingly:
https://preview.redd.it/q2ea6rgae5h51.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=4332cb8d0bbbc3d8db972c1f28e8189105393e5b
To keep yourself disciplined you should try to ensure that no more than one in twenty trades are graded exceptional and allocated 5% of account balance risk. It really should be a rare moment when all the stars align for you.
Notice that the nice thing about dealing in percentages is that it scales. Say you start out with $100,000 but end the year up 50% at $150,000. Now a 1% bet will risk $1,500 rather than $1,000. That makes sense as your capital has grown.
It is extremely common for retail accounts to blow-up by making only 4-5 losing trades because they are leveraged at 50:1 and have taken on far too large a position, relative to their account balance.
Consider that GBPUSD tends to move 1% each day. If you have an account balance of $10k then it would be crazy to take a position of $500k (50:1 leveraged). A 1% move on $500k is $5k.
Two perfectly regular down days in a row — or a single day’s move of 2% — and you will receive a margin call from the broker, have the account closed out, and have lost all your money.
Do not let this happen to you. Use position sizing discipline to protect yourself.
Kelly Criterion
If you’re wondering - why “about 2%” per trade? - that’s a fair question. Why not 0.5% or 10% or any other number?
The Kelly Criterion is a formula that was adapted for use in casinos. If you know the odds of winning and the expected pay-off, it tells you how much you should bet in each round.
This is harder than it sounds. Let’s say you could bet on a weighted coin flip, where it lands on heads 60% of the time and tails 40% of the time. The payout is $2 per $1 bet.
Well, absolutely you should bet. The odds are in your favour. But if you have, say, $100 it is less obvious how much you should bet to avoid ruin.
Say you bet $50, the odds that it could land on tails twice in a row are 16%. You could easily be out after the first two flips.
Equally, betting $1 is not going to maximise your advantage. The odds are 60/40 in your favour so only betting $1 is likely too conservative. The Kelly Criterion is a formula that produces the long-run optimal bet size, given the odds.
Applying the formula to forex trading looks like this:
Position size % = Winning trade % - ( (1- Winning trade %) / Risk-reward ratio
If you have recorded hundreds of trades in your journal - see next chapter - you can calculate what this outputs for you specifically.
If you don't have hundreds of trades then let’s assume some realistic defaults of Winning trade % being 30% and Risk-reward ratio being 3. The 3 implies your TP is 3x the distance of your stop from entry e.g. 300 pips take profit and 100 pips stop loss.
So that’s 0.3 - (1 - 0.3) / 3 = 6.6%.
Hold on a second. 6.6% of your account probably feels like a LOT to risk per trade.This is the main observation people have on Kelly: whilst it may optimise the long-run results it doesn’t take into account the pain of drawdowns. It is better thought of as the rational maximum limit. You needn’t go right up to the limit!
With a 30% winning trade ratio, the odds of you losing on four trades in a row is nearly one in four. That would result in a drawdown of nearly a quarter of your starting account balance. Could you really stomach that and put on the fifth trade, cool as ice? Most of us could not.
Accordingly people tend to reduce the bet size. For example, let’s say you know you would feel emotionally affected by losing 25% of your account.
Well, the simplest way is to divide the Kelly output by four. You have effectively hidden 75% of your account balance from Kelly and it is now optimised to avoid a total wipeout of just the 25% it can see.
This gives 6.6% / 4 = 1.65%. Of course different trading approaches and different risk appetites will provide different optimal bet sizes but as a rule of thumb something between 1-2% is appropriate for the style and risk appetite of most retail traders.
Incidentally be very wary of systems or traders who claim high winning trade % like 80%. Invariably these don’t pass a basic sense-check:
How many live trades have you done? Often they’ll have done only a handful of real trades and the rest are simulated backtests, which are overfitted. The model will soon die.
What is your risk-reward ratio on each trade? If you have a take profit $3 away and a stop loss $100 away, of course most trades will be winners. You will not be making money, however! In general most traders should trade smaller position sizes and less frequently than they do. If you are going to bias one way or the other, far better to start off too small.
How to use stop losses sensibly
Stop losses have a bad reputation amongst the retail community but are absolutely essential to risk management. No serious discretionary trader can operate without them.
A stop loss is a resting order, left with the broker, to automatically close your position if it reaches a certain price. For a recap on the various order types visit this chapter.
The valid concern with stop losses is that disreputable brokers look for a concentration of stops and then, when the market is close, whipsaw the price through the stop levels so that the clients ‘stop out’ and sell to the broker at a low rate before the market naturally comes back higher. This is referred to as ‘stop hunting’.
This would be extremely immoral behaviour and the way to guard against it is to use a highly reputable top-tier broker in a well regulated region such as the UK.
Why are stop losses so important? Well, there is no other way to manage risk with certainty.
You should always have a pre-determined stop loss before you put on a trade. Not having one is a recipe for disaster: you will find yourself emotionally attached to the trade as it goes against you and it will be extremely hard to cut the loss. This is a well known behavioural bias that we’ll explore in a later chapter.
Learning to take a loss and move on rationally is a key lesson for new traders.
A common mistake is to think of the market as a personal nemesis. The market, of course, is totally impersonal; it doesn’t care whether you make money or not.
Bruce Kovner, founder of the hedge fund Caxton Associates
There is an old saying amongst bank traders which is “losers average losers”.
It is tempting, having bought EURUSD and seeing it go lower, to buy more. Your average price will improve if you keep buying as it goes lower. If it was cheap before it must be a bargain now, right? Wrong.
Where does that end? Always have a pre-determined cut-off point which limits your risk. A level where you know the reason for the trade was proved ‘wrong’ ... and stick to it strictly. If you trade using discretion, use stops.
Picking a clear level
Where you leave your stop loss is key.
Typically traders will leave them at big technical levels such as recent highs or lows. For example if EURUSD is trading at 1.1250 and the recent month’s low is 1.1205 then leaving it just below at 1.1200 seems sensible.
If you were going long, just below the double bottom support zone seems like a sensible area to leave a stop
You want to give it a bit of breathing room as we know support zones often get challenged before the price rallies. This is because lots of traders identify the same zones. You won’t be the only one selling around 1.1200.
The “weak hands” who leave their sell stop order at exactly the level are likely to get taken out as the market tests the support. Those who leave it ten or fifteen pips below the level have more breathing room and will survive a quick test of the level before a resumed run-up.
Your timeframe and trading style clearly play a part. Here’s a candlestick chart (one candle is one day) for GBPUSD.
https://preview.redd.it/moyngdy4f5h51.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=91af88da00dd3a09e202880d8029b0ddf04fb802
If you are putting on a trend-following trade you expect to hold for weeks then you need to have a stop loss that can withstand the daily noise. Look at the downtrend on the chart. There were plenty of days in which the price rallied 60 pips or more during the wider downtrend.
So having a really tight stop of, say, 25 pips that gets chopped up in noisy short-term moves is not going to work for this kind of trade. You need to use a wider stop and take a smaller position size, determined by the stop level.
There are several tools you can use to help you estimate what is a safe distance and we’ll look at those in the next section.
There are of course exceptions. For example, if you are doing range-break style trading you might have a really tight stop, set just below the previous range high.
https://preview.redd.it/ygy0tko7f5h51.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=34af49da61c911befdc0db26af66f6c313556c81
Clearly then where you set stops will depend on your trading style as well as your holding horizons and the volatility of each instrument.
Here are some guidelines that can help:
Use technical analysis to pick important levels (support, resistance, previous high/lows, moving averages etc.) as these provide clear exit and entry points on a trade.
Ensure that the stop gives your trade enough room to breathe and reflects your timeframe and typical volatility of each pair. See next section.
Always pick your stop level first. Then use a calculator to determine the appropriate lot size for the position, based on the % of your account balance you wish to risk on the trade.
So far we have talked about price-based stops. There is another sort which is more of a fundamental stop, used alongside - not instead of - price stops. If either breaks you’re out.
For example if you stop understanding why a product is going up or down and your fundamental thesis has been confirmed wrong, get out. For example, if you are long because you think the central bank is turning hawkish and AUDUSD is going to play catch up with rates … then you hear dovish noises from the central bank and the bond yields retrace lower and back in line with the currency - close your AUDUSD position. You already know your thesis was wrong. No need to give away more money to the market.
Coming up in part II
EDIT: part II here
Letting stops breathe
When to change a stop
Entering and exiting winning positions
Risk:reward ratios
Risk-adjusted returns
Coming up in part III
Squeezes and other risks
Market positioning
Bet correlation
Crap trades, timeouts and monthly limits
***
Disclaimer:This content is not investment advice and you should not place any reliance on it. The views expressed are the author's own and should not be attributed to any other person, including their employer.
submitted by getmrmarket to Forex [link] [comments]
Deciding if I should pursue a career in forex trading (as a 15 year old)
Hey everyone, I’m a teenager living in the uk and in the past 9 months or so I’ve been trying to decide what I want to do once I leave school. Long story short I have lots of interests but my ultimate goal in life is to travel the world and gain ‘financial freedom’. I know this sounds very typical of a teenager which has been exposed to gurus or whatever but I want some opinions off some professional or experienced traders not these gurus trying to sell me something. I would just like to know if forex trading is a career where you can be very successful and I will start learning as soon as I can, I’ve learnt all the basics but I want to keep learning more about it so I’m ready to trade real money when I’m 18. I really hope I don’t come across as just some idiot who thinks it’s a get rich quick scheme because I certainly know it’s not. I would really appreciate any advice and comments if anyone sees this, Thank you
submitted by coel1234 to Forex [link] [comments]
Former investment bank FX trader: Risk management part 3/3
Welcome to the third and final part of this chapter.
Thank you all for the 100s of comments and upvotes - maybe this post will take us above 1,000 for this topic!
Keep any feedback or questions coming in the replies below.
Before you read this note, please start with Part I and then Part II so it hangs together and makes sense.
Part III
Squeezes and other risks
Market positioning
Bet correlation
Crap trades, timeouts and monthly limits
Squeezes and other risks
We are going to cover three common risks that traders face: events; squeezes, asymmetric bets.
Events
Economic releases can cause large short-term volatility. The most famous is Non Farm Payrolls, which is the most widely watched measure of US employment levels and affects the price of many instruments.On an NFP announcement currencies like EURUSD might jump (or drop) 100 pips no problem.
This is fine and there are trading strategies that one may employ around this but the key thing is to be aware of these releases.You can find economic calendars all over the internet - including on this site - and you need only check if there are any major releases each day or week.
For example, if you are trading off some intraday chart and scalping a few pips here and there it would be highly sensible to go into a known data release flat as it is pure coin-toss and not the reason for your trading. It only takes five minutes each day to plan for the day ahead so do not get caught out by this. Many retail traders get stopped out on such events when price volatility is at its peak.
Squeezes
Short squeezes bring a lot of danger and perhaps some opportunity.
The story of VW and Porsche is the best short squeeze ever. Throughout these articles we've used FX examples wherever possible but in this one instance the concept (which is also highly relevant in FX) is best illustrated with an historical lesson from a different asset class.
A short squeeze is when a participant ends up in a short position they are forced to cover. Especially when the rest of the market knows that this participant can be bullied into stopping out at terrible levels, provided the market can briefly drive the price into their pain zone.
There's a reason for the car, don't worry
Hedge funds had been shorting VW stock. However the amount of VW stock available to buy in the open market was actually quite limited. The local government owned a chunk and Porsche itself had bought and locked away around 30%. Neither of these would sell to the hedge-funds so a good amount of the stock was un-buyable at any price.
If you sell or short a stock you must be prepared to buy it back to go flat at some point.
To cut a long story short, Porsche bought a lot of call options on VW stock. These options gave them the right to purchase VW stock from banks at slightly above market price.
Eventually the banks who had sold these options realised there was no VW stock to go out and buy since the German government wouldn’t sell its allocation and Porsche wouldn’t either. If Porsche called in the options the banks were in trouble.
Porsche called in the options which forced the shorts to buy stock - at whatever price they could get it.
The price squeezed higher as those that were short got massively squeezed and stopped out. For one brief moment in 2008, VW was the world’s most valuable company. Shorts were burned hard.
Incredible event
Porsche apparently made $11.5 billion on the trade. The BBC described Porsche as “a hedge fund with a carmaker attached.”
If this all seems exotic then know that the same thing happens in FX all the time. If everyone in the market is talking about a key level in EURUSD being 1.2050 then you can bet the market will try to push through 1.2050 just to take out any short stops at that level. Whether it then rallies higher or fails and trades back lower is a different matter entirely.
This brings us on to the matter of crowded trades. We will look at positioning in more detail in the next section. Crowded trades are dangerous for PNL. If everyone believes EURUSD is going down and has already sold EURUSD then you run the risk of a short squeeze.
For additional selling to take place you need a very good reason for people to add to their position whereas a move in the other direction could force mass buying to cover their shorts.
A trading mentor when I worked at the investment bank once advised me:
Always think about which move would cause the maximum people the maximum pain. That move is precisely what you should be watching out for at all times.
Asymmetric losses
Also known as picking up pennies in front of a steamroller. This risk has caught out many a retail trader. Sometimes it is referred to as a "negative skew" strategy.
Ideally what you are looking for is asymmetric risk trade set-ups: that is where the downside is clearly defined and smaller than the upside. What you want to avoid is the opposite.
A famous example of this going wrong was the Swiss National Bank de-peg in 2012.
The Swiss National Bank had said they would defend the price of EURCHF so that it did not go below 1.2. Many people believed it could never go below 1.2 due to this. Many retail traders therefore opted for a strategy that some describe as ‘picking up pennies in front of a steam-roller’.
They would would buy EURCHF above the peg level and hope for a tiny rally of several pips before selling them back and keep doing this repeatedly. Often they were highly leveraged at 100:1 so that they could amplify the profit of the tiny 5-10 pip rally.
Then this happened.
Something that changed FX markets forever
The SNB suddenly did the unthinkable. They stopped defending the price. CHF jumped and so EURCHF (the number of CHF per 1 EUR) dropped to new lows very fast. Clearly, this trade had horrific risk : reward asymmetry: you risked 30% to make 0.05%.
Other strategies like naively selling options have the same result. You win a small amount of money each day and then spectacularly blow up at some point down the line.
Market positioning
We have talked about short squeezes. But how do you know what the market position is? And should you care?
Let’s start with the first. You should definitely care.
Let’s imagine the entire market is exceptionally long EURUSD and positioning reaches extreme levels. This makes EURUSD very vulnerable.
To keep the price going higher EURUSD needs to attract fresh buy orders. If everyone is already long and has no room to add, what can incentivise people to keep buying? The news flow might be good. They may believe EURUSD goes higher. But they have already bought and have their maximum position on.
On the flip side, if there’s an unexpected event and EURUSD gaps lower you will have the entire market trying to exit the position at the same time. Like a herd of cows running through a single doorway. Messy.
We are going to look at this in more detail in a later chapter, where we discuss ‘carry’ trades. For now this TRYJPY chart might provide some idea of what a rush to the exits of a crowded position looks like.
A carry trade position clear-out in action
Knowing if the market is currently at extreme levels of long or short can therefore be helpful.
The CFTC makes available a weekly report, which details the overall positions of speculative traders “Non Commercial Traders” in some of the major futures products. This includes futures tied to deliverable FX pairs such as EURUSD as well as products such as gold. The report is called “CFTC Commitments of Traders” ("COT").
This is a great benchmark. It is far more representative of the overall market than the proprietary ones offered by retail brokers as it covers a far larger cross-section of the institutional market.
Generally market participants will not pay a lot of attention to commercial hedgers, which are also detailed in the report. This data is worth tracking but these folks are simply hedging real-world transactions rather than speculating so their activity is far less revealing and far more noisy.
You can find the data online for free and download it directly here.
Raw format is kinda hard to work with
However, many websites will chart this for you free of charge and you may find it more convenient to look at it that way. Just google “CFTC positioning charts”.
But you can easily get visualisations
You can visually spot extreme positioning. It is extremely powerful.
Bear in mind the reports come out Friday afternoon US time and the report is a snapshot up to the prior Tuesday. That means it is a lagged report - by the time it is released it is a few days out of date. For longer term trades where you hold positions for weeks this is of course still pretty helpful information.
As well as the absolute level (is the speculative market net long or short) you can also use this to pick up on changes in positioning.
For example if bad news comes out how much does the net short increase? If good news comes out, the market may remain net short but how much did they buy back?
A lot of traders ask themselves “Does the market have this trade on?” The positioning data is a good method for answering this. It provides a good finger on the pulse of the wider market sentiment and activity.
For example you might say: “There was lots of noise about the good employment numbers in the US. However, there wasn’t actually a lot of position change on the back of it. Maybe everyone who wants to buy already has. What would happen now if bad news came out?”
In general traders will be wary of entering a crowded position because it will be hard to attract additional buyers or sellers and there could be an aggressive exit.
If you want to enter a trade that is showing extreme levels of positioning you must think carefully about this dynamic.
Bet correlation
Retail traders often drastically underestimate how correlated their bets are.
Through bitter experience, I have learned that a mistake in position correlation is the root of some of the most serious problems in trading. If you have eight highly correlated positions, then you are really trading one position that is eight times as large.
Bruce Kovner of hedge fund, Caxton Associates
For example, if you are trading a bunch of pairs against the USD you will end up with a simply huge USD exposure. A single USD-trigger can ruin all your bets. Your ideal scenario — and it isn’t always possible — would be to have a highly diversified portfolio of bets that do not move in tandem.
Look at this chart. Inverted USD index (DXY) is green. AUDUSD is orange. EURUSD is blue.
Chart from TradingView
So the whole thing is just one big USD trade! If you are long AUDUSD, long EURUSD, and short DXY you have three anti USD bets that are all likely to work or fail together.
The more diversified your portfolio of bets are, the more risk you can take on each.
There’s a really good video, explaining the benefits of diversification from Ray Dalio.
A systematic fund with access to an investable universe of 10,000 instruments has more opportunity to make a better risk-adjusted return than a trader who only focuses on three symbols. Diversification really is the closest thing to a free lunch in finance.
But let’s be pragmatic and realistic. Human retail traders don’t have capacity to run even one hundred bets at a time. More realistic would be an average of 2-3 trades on simultaneously. So what can be done?
For example:
You might diversify across time horizons by having a mix of short-term and long-term trades.
You might diversify across asset classes - trading some FX but also crypto and equities.
You might diversify your trade generation approach so you are not relying on the same indicators or drivers on each trade.
You might diversify your exposure to the market regime by having some trades that assume a trend will continue (momentum) and some that assume we will be range-bound (carry).
And so on. Basically you want to scan your portfolio of trades and make sure you are not putting all your eggs in one basket. If some trades underperform others will perform - assuming the bets are not correlated - and that way you can ensure your overall portfolio takes less risk per unit of return.
The key thing is to start thinking about a portfolio of bets and what each new trade offers to your existing portfolio of risk. Will it diversify or amplify a current exposure?
Crap trades, timeouts and monthly limits
One common mistake is to get bored and restless and put on crap trades. This just means trades in which you have low conviction.
It is perfectly fine not to trade. If you feel like you do not understand the market at a particular point, simply choose not to trade.
Flat is a position.
Do not waste your bullets on rubbish trades. Only enter a trade when you have carefully considered it from all angles and feel good about the risk. This will make it far easier to hold onto the trade if it moves against you at any point. You actually believe in it.
Equally, you need to set monthly limits. A standard limit might be a 10% account balance stop per month. At that point you close all your positions immediately and stop trading till next month.
Be strict with yourself and walk away
Let’s assume you started the year with $100k and made 5% in January so enter Feb with $105k balance. Your stop is therefore 10% of $105k or $10.5k . If your account balance dips to $94.5k ($105k-$10.5k) then you stop yourself out and don’t resume trading till March the first.
Having monthly calendar breaks is nice for another reason. Say you made a load of money in January. You don’t want to start February feeling you are up 5% or it is too tempting to avoid trading all month and protect the existing win. Each month and each year should feel like a clean slate and an independent period.
Everyone has trading slumps. It is perfectly normal. It will definitely happen to you at some stage. The trick is to take a break and refocus. Conserve your capital by not trading a lot whilst you are on a losing streak. This period will be much harder for you emotionally and you’ll end up making suboptimal decisions. An enforced break will help you see the bigger picture.
Put in place a process before you start trading and then it’ll be easy to follow and will feel much less emotional. Remember: the market doesn’t care if you win or lose, it is nothing personal.
When your head has cooled and you feel calm you return the next month and begin the task of building back your account balance.
That's a wrap on risk management
Thanks for taking time to read this three-part chapter on risk management. I hope you enjoyed it. Do comment in the replies if you have any questions or feedback.
Remember: the most important part of trading is not making money. It is not losing money. Always start with that principle. I hope these three notes have provided some food for thought on how you might approach risk management and are of practical use to you when trading. Avoiding mistakes is not a sexy tagline but it is an effective and reliable way to improve results.
Next up I will be writing about an exciting topic I think many traders should look at rather differently: news trading. Please follow on here to receive notifications and the broad outline is below.
News Trading Part I
Introduction
Why use the economic calendar
Reading the economic calendar
Knowing what's priced in
Surveys
Interest rates
First order thinking vs second order thinking
News Trading Part II
Preparing for quantitative and qualitative releases
Data surprise index
Using recent events to predict future reactions
Buy the rumour, sell the fact
The mysterious 'position trim' effect
Reversals
Some key FX releases
***
Disclaimer:This content is not investment advice and you should not place any reliance on it. The views expressed are the author's own and should not be attributed to any other person, including their employer.
submitted by getmrmarket to Forex [link] [comments]
Former investment bank FX trader: news trading and second order thinking
Thanks to everyone who responded to the previous pieces on risk management. We ended up with nearly 2,000 upvotes and I'm delighted so many of you found it useful.
This time we're going to focus on a new area: reacting to and trading around news and fundamental developments.
A lot of people get this totally wrong and the main reason is that they trade the news at face value, without considering what the market had already priced in. If you've ever seen what you consider to be "good" or "better than forecast" news come out and yet been confused as the pair did nothing or moved in the opposite direction to expected, read on...
We are going to do this in two parts.
Part I
Introduction
Why use an economic calendar
How to read the calendar
Knowing what's priced in
Surveys
Rates decisions
First order thinking vs second order thinking
Introduction
Knowing how to use and benefit from the economic calendar is key for all traders - not just news traders.
In this chapter we are going to take a practical look at how to use the economic calendar. We are also going to look at how to interpret news using second order thinking.
The key concept is learning what has already been ‘priced in’ by the market so we can estimate how the market price might react to the new information.
Why use an economic calendar
The economic calendar contains all the scheduled economic releases for that day and week. Even if you purely trade based on technical analysis, you still must know what is in store.
https://preview.redd.it/20xdiq6gq4k51.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=6cd47186db1039be7df4d7ad6782de36da48f1db
Why? Three main reasons.
Firstly, releases can help provide direction. They create trends. For example if GBPUSD has been fluctuating aimlessly within a range and suddenly the Bank of England starts raising rates you better believe the British Pound will start to move. Big news events often start long-term trends which you can trade around.
Secondly, a lot of the volatility occurs around these events. This is because these events give the market new information. Prior to a big scheduled release like the US Non Farm Payrolls you might find no one wants to take a big position. After it is released the market may move violently and potentially not just in a single direction - often prices may overshoot and come back down. Even without a trend this volatility provides lots of trading opportunities for the day trader.
https://preview.redd.it/u17iwbhiq4k51.png?width=1200&format=png&auto=webp&s=98ea8ed154c9468cb62037668c38e7387f2435af
Finally, these releases can change trends. Going into a huge release because of a technical indicator makes little sense. Everything could reverse and stop you out in a moment. You need to be aware of which events are likely to influence the positions you have on so you can decide whether to keep the positions or flatten exposure before the binary event for which you have no edge.
Most traders will therefore ‘scan’ the calendar for the week ahead, noting what the big events are and when they will occur. Then you can focus on each day at a time.
Reading the economic calendar
Most calendars show events cut by trading day. Helpfully they adjust the time of each release to your own timezone. For example we can see that the Bank of Japan Interest Rate decision is happening at 4am local time for this particular London-based trader.
https://preview.redd.it/lmx0q9qoq4k51.jpg?width=1200&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=c6e9e1533b1ba236e51296de8db3be55dfa78ba1
Note that some events do not happen at a specific time. Think of a Central Banker’s speech for example - this can go on for an hour. It is not like an economic statistic that gets released at a precise time. Clicking the finger emoji will open up additional information on each event.
Event importance
How do you define importance? Well, some events are always unimportant. With the greatest of respect to Italian farmers, nobody cares about mundane releases like Italian farm productivity figures.
Other events always seem to be important. That means, markets consistently react to them and prices move. Interest rate decisions are an example of consistently high importance events.
So the Medium and High can be thought of as guides to how much each event typically affects markets. They are not perfect guides, however, as different events are more or less important depending on the circumstances.
For example, imagine the UK economy was undergoing a consumer-led recovery. The Central Bank has said it would raise interest rates (making GBPUSD move higher) if they feel the consumer is confident.
Consumer confidence data would suddenly become an extremely important event. At other times, when the Central Bank has not said it is focused on the consumer, this release might be near irrelevant.
Knowing what's priced in
Next to each piece of economic data you can normally see three figures. Actual, Forecast, and Previous.
Actual refers to the number as it is released.
Forecast refers to the consensus estimate from analysts.
Previous is what it was last time.
We are going to look at this in a bit more detail later but what you care about is when numbers are better or worse than expected. Whether a number is ‘good’ or ‘bad’ really does not matter much. Yes, really.
Once you understand that markets move based on the news vs expectations, you will be less confused by price action around events
This is a common misunderstanding. Say everyone is expecting ‘great’ economic data and it comes out as ‘good’. Does the price go up?
You might think it should. After all, the economic data was good. However, everyone expected it to be great and it was just … good. The great release was ‘priced in’ by the market already. Most likely the price will be disappointed and go down.
By priced in we simply mean that the market expected it and already bought or sold. The information was already in the price before the announcement.
Incidentally the official forecasts can be pretty stale and might not accurately capture what active traders in the market expect. See the following example.
An example of pricing in
For example, let’s say the market is focused on the number of Tesla deliveries. Analysts think it’ll be 100,000 this quarter. But Elon Musk tweets something that hints he’s really, really, really looking forward to the analyst call. Tesla’s price ticks higher after the tweet as traders put on positions, reflecting the sentiment that Tesla is likely to massively beat the 100,000. (This example is not a real one - it just serves to illustrate the concept.)
Tesla deliveries are up hugely vs last quarter ... but they are disappointing vs market expectations ... what do you think will happen to the stock?
On the day it turns out Tesla hit 101,000. A better than the officially forecasted result - sure - but only marginally. Way below what readers of Musk's twitter account might have thought. Disappointed traders may sell their longs and close out the positions. The stock might go down on ‘good’ results because the market had priced in something even better. (This example is not a real one - it just serves to illustrate the concept.)
Surveys
It can be a little hard to know what the market really expects. Often the published forecasts are stale and do not reflect what actual traders and investors are looking for.
One of the most effective ways is a simple survey of investors. Something like a Twitter poll like this one from CNBC is freely available and not a bad barometer.
CNBC, Bloomberg and other business TV stations often have polls on their Twitter accounts that let you know what others are expecting
Interest rates decisions
We know that interest rates heavily affect currency prices.
For major interest rate decisions there’s a great tool on the CME’s website that you can use.
See the link for a demo
This gives you a % probability of each interest rate level, implied by traded prices in the bond futures market. For example, in the case above the market thinks there’s a 20% chance the Fed will cut rates to 75-100bp.
Obviously this is far more accurate than analyst estimates because it uses actual bond prices where market participants are directly taking risk and placing bets. It basically looks at what interest rate traders are willing to lend at just before/after the date of the central bank meeting to imply the odds that the market ascribes to a change on that date.
Always try to estimate what the market has priced in. That way you have some context for whether the release really was better or worse than expected.
Second order thinking
You have to know what the market expects to try and guess how it’ll react. This is referred to by Howard Marks of Oaktree as second-level thinking. His explanation is so clear I am going to quote extensively.
It really is hard to improve on this clarity of thought:
First-level thinking is simplistic and superficial, and just about everyone can do it (a bad sign for anything involving an attempt at superiority). All the first-level thinker needs is an opinion about the future, as in “The outlook for the company is favorable, meaning the stock will go up.” Second-level thinking is deep, complex and convoluted.
Howard Marks
He explains first-level thinking:
The first-level thinker simply looks for the highest quality company, the best product, the fastest earnings growth or the lowest p/e ratio. He’s ignorant of the very existence of a second level at which to think, and of the need to pursue it.
Howard Marks
The above describes the guy who sees a 101,000 result and buys Tesla stock because - hey, this beat expectations. Marks goes on to describe second-level thinking:
The second-level thinker goes through a much more complex process when thinking about buying an asset. Is it good? Do others think it’s as good as I think it is? Is it really as good as I think it is? Is it as good as others think it is? Is it as good as others think others think it is? How will it change? How do others think it will change? How is it priced given: its current condition; how do I think its conditions will change; how others think it will change; and how others think others think it will change? And that’s just the beginning. No, this isn’t easy.
Howard Marks
In this version of events you are always thinking about the market’s response to Tesla results.
What do you think they’ll announce? What has the market priced in? Is Musk reliable? Are the people who bought because of his tweet likely to hold on if he disappoints or exit immediately? If it goes up at which price will they take profit? How big a number is now considered ‘wow’ by the market?
As Marks says: not easy. However, you need to start getting into the habit of thinking like this if you want to beat the market. You can make gameplans in advance for various scenarios.
Here are some examples from Marks to illustrate the difference between first order and second order thinking.
Some further examples
Trying to react fast to headlines is impossible in today’s market of ultra fast computers. You will never win on speed. Therefore you have to out-think the average participant.
Coming up in part II
Now that we have a basic understanding of concepts such as expectations and what the market has priced in, we can look at some interesting trading techniques and tools.
Part II
Preparing for quantitative and qualitative releases
Data surprise index
Using recent events to predict future reactions
Buy the rumour, sell the fact
The trimming position effect
Reversals
Some key FX releases
Hope you enjoyed this note. As always, please reply with any questions/feedback - it is fun to hear from you.
***
Disclaimer:This content is not investment advice and you should not place any reliance on it. The views expressed are the author's own and should not be attributed to any other person, including their employer.
submitted by getmrmarket to Forex [link] [comments]
I just started learning about Forex trading
Hi all! I just started learning Forex trading last week and i don't have any professionals to guide me so i'm hoping i could find some help here. I'm not a very smart person when it comes to this so i apologize in advance if i end up asking pretty dumb questions.
So far i have learned about PIPs, leverage, stoploss for risk management and reading the candlestick chart. The topics in this area could be very broad so i'm wondering what are some of the other areas i should look into as well.
As a beginner, how do i know i'm confident enough to actually start trading with real money? I don't intend to jump straight into trading but i'm wondering how much time i should invest on researching and self-teaching.
Is it possible to invest as low as $10? I'm currently residing in Canada and i'm not sure which broker is the best to use.
I honestly do have A LOT more questions but i will settle for the three questions above i have for now. Would appreciate if there are any professionals out there who could guide me along.
Thanks in advance!
Edit: I have been approached by a couple of "traders" through private messages promoting their own websites and courses with a fee required from me. Please do not approach me for any self-promotion for your business. Thank you!
submitted by annmateur to Forex [link] [comments]
Day #2 of my Forex Journey
Real quick before I get into my next steps of my FX Journey, id like to say thank you to all the people who commented on my last post! All of the tips I got were really eye-opening and introduced me to different parts of FX trading that I didn't even know existed. So thank you so much, and I hope to get more interesting feedback from you guys in the future! Also Im going to probably change my writing frequency from daily to biweekly. I think writing about every little trade is not going to be as beneficial to me as writing about my overall progress at certain points throughout the week.
I started this trading day out by learning up on order flow. A whole bunch of you guys suggested really interesting youtubers to watch, and I started with Mr. pip's series on order flow. After I finished up watching a few of his videos, I started to tweak my trading plan so that I could get in some chart time. I changed currency pair from EUUSD to the AUD/USD, the time frame from the 4 hour to the 1 hour, and my indicators from RSI, Stochastic, 2 SMAs and ADX to ATR, RSI, and Ichimoku Kinko Hyo. I also added a little fundamental analysis in my trading plan because I think that I am being far too reliant on my indicators. I planned to check the economic calendar and determine the general trend of the currency pairs that are strongly correlated to the AUD/USD before I began my chart analysis. In addition to all of my analysis, I tried to practice using the techniques I learned in Mr. Pip's videos and analyze the order flow of the chart. Even if my analysis of order flow is wrong, as long as I am getting practice I am learning.
Eventhough I planned to use today to back-test indicators and find a solid new plan, I did not have enough time. I ended up getting on my demo account really late in the day, and started to force myself to enter a trade. Destructive habits like this could lead into some massive issues when I eventually get into live trading. To combat this harmful attitude specifically, I will restrict myself to trading on certain parts of the day (for example session overlaps, news releases, and earlier in the day). Despite this mistake I still continued with my trading strategy. I calculated all the currency correlations for AUS/USD using the past weeks economic data, and set my indicators in place. After checking the overall trend of the most strongly correlated pairs (Positive: EUUSD, GPB/USD, Negative: USD/CAD, USD/JPY) I started to analyze the order flow. All the correlated currencies, except for EUUSD, indicated that the AUD/USD would fall, while my order flow analysis indicated the opposite. Seeing as though I am extremely new to order flow, I dismissed this analysis, and ended up forcing a trade on the AUD/USD going short when my indicators seemed to line up correctly. I learned from last time that I should not alter or close my trade purely based on emotion, and to just wait till the market hits my stop loss or take profit. I included a trailing stop loss of 60 pips this time, but I have no evidence to base that number range on. The trade is currently open and I am down about 30 pips.
Although I am not labeling this trade as a loser yet, I can definitely see a lot of holes in my trading strategy. The most obvious mistake in my eyes right now is my use of indicators. Currently all my trades are purely based on what my indicators say, and since I do not have any back-tested data to support the credibility of my indicators, it feels a lot like strategic gambling. Another issue is that I feel far too reliant on indicators alone. I think that if I can find ways to include various types of analysis efficiently and evenly in my trading plan I will become a much more skillful and well-rounded trader. In order to combat these two issues I will begin forming various types of trading strategies this weekend and back-test them all extensively. I also plan on researching more on price action, order flow, and Naked Forex.
Once again any and all feedback is welcome. I am just beginning Forex, but it had been a huge passion of mine and I don't plan on stopping anytime soon.
submitted by Aman-1127 to Forex [link] [comments]
I have $20 and 0 knowledge. Can I start with that much money and how much time should I spend learning before I start my first trade?
I'm 21 and want to take a shot at forex. Don't really have anything to lose and I have all the time in the world due to the quarantine. I already have a college degree but can't really use it.
I'm willing learn and stick with this but I've heard about scammers and fake trading youtubers.
Any advice would be great, thanks!
submitted by mred_oppurtunity to Forex [link] [comments]
Why do people say forex trading is not profitable and you'll loose your money?
Like if you jump in directly obviously you'll end up blowing your account, you'll loose hell lot of money But if you properly study, practice,make a strategy you will follow Have a risk management plan,learn the market and basically just put it effort in it,why won't you be profitable
You can't just jump into anything and expect to become a millionaire,you need to work for it Example becoming a doctor, No one can just go into an operation room and start operating,you need years of practice and experience Same goes with forex,but the reward might just be a little juicier
Soo don't be disheartened by the 90% loose money And keep realistic expectations,you can't expect to earn 90k a day without putting in the effort
So guys wish you all the best and just work hard and practice man Form a proper plan and just stick to it
submitted by whyislifelikethis__ to Forex [link] [comments]
Is this guy telling the hard truth?
I always dreamt of becoming a multi millionaire in 5 to 10 years but this guy has brought an interesting point to the table:
Day Trading Market Ceiling There also a Day Trading Market Ceiling. A successful day trader (not an investor, though) will eventually get capped out, as the market simply can’t accommodate an infinitely increasing position size for a particular strategy. To make more the trader either needs to alter the strategy, or also trade something else…and this may or may not work. Change one thing and you can’t assume all else will stay the same. To attain the returns discussed in the “How Much Day Traders Make,” multiple trades are made each day. Trades are likely only lasting a couple minutes. While multiple-millions of dollars worth of stocks, futures or currencies may change hands over the course of couple hours, day traders have precise entry points. Therefore, position size is limited to the amount of liquidity (volume) available at the exact moment a trader needs to get into and out of trades. Investors, hedge funds and mutual funds can accumulate or dispose of positions over weeks, taking advantage of days or even weeks worth liquidity. Day traders don’t have that luxury. It doesn’t matter if a stock trades millions of shares a day; if there is only 100 shares available when they need to take the trade (based on the strategy) that’s all they get. That’s an extreme example, but at any given moment there isn’t infinite liquidity available–there is what there is, and that means there is a limit to how big of a position you can accumulate and dispose of when your strategy calls for it. Based on personal experience, in day trading forex I wouldn’t be comfortable taking more than 5 standard lots on a day trade. Some may take more, most traders would take way less. Taking a larger amount would mean significantly increased risk of slippage or partial fills (you end up with the whole position on losing trades, but only partial positions on some winning trades). Possible gains attained by taking a larger position are offset by these negative factors. At 10:1 or 15:1 leverage a forex day trader–using a day trading forex strategy similar to mine— may cap out at around a $50,000 to $75,000 account (including leverage, that means trading close to $1million). Beyond that, they may find little additional gains, unless they alter their strategy, take longer term trades or stagger their entries and exits at various prices. Changing a strategy to accommodate a larger position isn’t a bad thing, but it takes additional research/practice time…and is it worth it? Only each individual can answer that for them self. In the ES futures market I cap out at about 10 contracts, and that only requires a $40,000 to $75,000 account (maybe even less depending on how much you risk per trade). There is no reason to trade more in my opinion. Could you day trade more contracts? Sure, you could probably get away with 100 contracts some days/some trades…but why? It would take a long time to work up to carrying those sorts of positions, and even trading a few contracts can produce a good living. The same goes for the stock market. Even in a very liquid stock or ETF like the SPDR S&P 500 (SPY) you will hit a limit on how much you can effectively trade on a short time frame. It may be a big limit, but you do hit it. To see the minimum amount of capital you need to day trade, see How Much Do I Need to Become a Day Trader. The bottom line is that you hit a limit on the amount of capital you can utilize effectively, and beyond that your percentage returns will likely decrease. For example, it’s much easier to make 10% a month on a $20,000 account than it is to make 10% a month on $20,000,000. That means day trader tend to withdraw all proceeds over and above their “efficient capital limit.” So a $50,000 day trading forex accounts stays a $50,000 account and monthly profits are withdrawn and spent (like any other job) or allocated to something else. In other words the account doesn’t keep compounding indefinitely, the trader nor the market can withstand doing that…there are ceilings…psychological, natural (life) and structural (market).
Source: https://vantagepointtrading.com/why-day-traders-can-make-big-returns-but-arent-millionaires/
The entire article is a good read. Go read it. But in a way this shattered my dream. So tell me is this guy telling the hard truth or just bull shitting?
He also says that he has met a lot of day traders and most make between 50,000 to 200,000 per year. So aiming for that is a more "realistic goal" then making close to a million dollar per year.
submitted by geardrivetrain to Daytrading [link] [comments]
(JA) I want to help my parents because times are rough and I'm thinking of doing forex trading.
I'm a (20m) living in Jamaica and I'm going to university. I'm unable to go out to work do to COVID because I have some underlying health conditions that could put me at a higher risk so my family is adamant on me staying inside. In the past 2 months, my parents lost half their income and its getting worse. I bought a forex class from Udemy and I really want it to work out. The sad thing is I only have like $120us and if I lose that it would be really hard to come by that money again for a bit. so my question is should I give it a shot or should I try and look into other options.
Appreciate all advice.
edit: thanks for all the advice guys. I didn't go through with the forex trading. I convinced my parents to make more involved their business and I'm trying to think of new innovative ways to help them make more money. I'm also gonna try to learn more skills so I can try and make somehow. It's not too good now but I believe I'll be alright hopefully.
submitted by Jmanhall to personalfinance [link] [comments]
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The following Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) describe what the graduates of the electrical (Electronics) engineering program are expected to achieve within a few years after graduation:
PEO 1 Demonstrate competence in the professional practice of electrical engineering.
PEO 2 Fulfill the technological needs of society in an ethical, moral, and socially responsible manner.
PEO 3 Exhibit an ability to function and communicate effectively as an individual or team member and show management and entrepreneurial potential.
PEO 4 Engage in life-long learning to continually enhance personal and professional capabilities.
These PEOs are consistent with the vision and the mission of the department defined above.
Program Learning Outcomes
The following Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) describe what the students of the electrical engineering program are expected to know and be able to do at the time of their graduation.
PLO1 Engineering Knowledge: An ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering fundamentals and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.
PLO2 Problem Analysis: An ability to identify, formulate, research literature, and analyze complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences and engineering sciences.
PLO3 Design/Development of Solutions: An ability to design solutions for complex engineering problems and design systems, components or processes that meet specified needs with appropriate consideration for public health and safety, cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
PLO4 Investigation: An ability to investigate complex engineering problems in a methodical way including literature survey, design and conduct of experiments, analysis and interpretation of experimental data, and synthesis of information to derive valid conclusions.
PLO5 Modern Tool Usage: An ability to create, select and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering and IT tools, including prediction and modeling, to complex engineering activities, with an understanding of the limitations.
PLO6 The Engineer and Society: An ability to apply reasoning in formed by contextual knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to professional engineering practice and solution to complex engineering problems.
PLO7 Environment and Sustainability: An ability to understand the impact of professional engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts and demonstrate knowledge of and need for sustainable development.
PLO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of engineering practice.
PLO9 Individual and Team Work: An ability to work effectively, as an individual or in a team, on multifaceted and/or multidisciplinary settings.
PLO10 Communication: An ability to communicate effectively, orally as well as in writing, on complex engineering activities with the engineering community and with society at large, such as being able to comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make affective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PLO11 Project Management: Ability to demonstrate management skills and apply engineering principles to one’s own work, as a member and/or leader in a team, to manage projects in a multidisciplinary environment.
PLO12 Lifelong Learning: Ability to recognize importance of and pursue lifelong learning in the broader context of innovation and technological developments.
Entry Requirements
Intermediate or equivalent with Physics, Mathematics, and Chemistry having minimum of 60% marks or DAE in the same discipline of engineering with minimum of 60% marks from an accredited educational institution Valid NTS test score per CUI policy
Duration
Minimum: 8 Semesters; 4 years Maximum: 12 Semesters; 6 years
Credit Hours Requirements
Minimum 136 Cr. Hrs.
Offering Semester (s)
Fall and Spring (Abbottabad) Fall (Islamabad)
Offering Campus (es)
Abbottabad, Islamabad
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Bachelor of Science in Electrical (Electronics) Engineering is one of the oldest Programs of Electrical Engineering. Electronics engineers have a broad spectrum of knowledge base which allows them to work in areas ranging from maintenance, management, design, and reverse engineering.
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When the leaders of the G20 met for the first time in Washington D.C. in November 2008, their aim was to jointly end the international financial crisis. At that time, no one could have expected that a decade later they would be discussing how to handle a global health crisis.
Patients have nationalities, but the virus respects no borders. Therefore, dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic calls for a coordinated, united and science-based global response.
In March 2020, the G20 leaders participated in a virtual summit to determine ways to contain the pandemic. They promised to take all necessary health measures, along with the United Nations, World Health Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and other international organizations, and seek to ensure adequate financing towards this end. The statement of the virtual summit read: "Global action, solidarity and international cooperation are more than ever necessary to address this pandemic."
From Nov. 21-22, 2020, the G20 leaders met for the second time under the Saudi presidency. At this online summit, they agreed to "stand united in our conviction that coordinated global action, solidarity, and multilateral cooperation are more necessary today than ever to overcome the current challenges and realize opportunities of the 21st century for all by empowering people, safeguarding the planet, and shaping new frontiers."
Despite the consensus, the fight against the pandemic still faces many challenges:
First, no one knows exactly when a COVID-19 vaccine will reach the market. Only a scientifically made vaccine – not disinfectant or bleach as President Donald Trump suggested – can prevent people from catching the virus. Many countries have invested heavily in vaccines and tentative results are encouraging. Meanwhile, China currently has five vaccines undergoing Phase III clinical trials.
However, globally speaking, the path to producing a vaccine is not smooth, and has been hindered by political considerations. Not long ago, President Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil was reported as saying that he did not approve the purchase of the Chinese vaccine candidate CoronaVac, stating that "the Brazilian people will not be anyone's guinea pig." According to news analysis, CoronaVac was caught up in a messy political battle between President Bolsonaro and Governor Joao Doria of Sao Paulo, where the state biomedical research center is testing the Sinovac vaccine.
Second, the situation is worsening in developing countries like India and Brazil, which rank just behind the U.S. for confirmed cases. With large informal sectors, poor people in these countries have to make a hard choice: follow the lockdown rules and stay home, or go out and make money.
Many developing countries also lack sufficient medical resources such as hospital beds and medicines. As an April 21 article in the Guardian pointed out, "While Covid-19 is a test of leadership everywhere, in countries with widespread and deep poverty where medical supplies are severely limited, even the best leaders cannot save their populations from health and economic vulnerabilities."
Third, the world economy is sluggish. Measures to tackle the pandemic, particularly lockdowns, implemented by almost all countries, have constrained economies. According to the U.N., global foreign direct investment in the first half of 2020 was down 49% compared with 2019. Additionally, the WTO forecasts a 9.2% drop in the volume of world merchandise trade for 2020. This kind of global economic situation is unfavorable for the world in overcoming the pandemic.
Finally, the U.S. remains unwilling to tackle the pandemic in an earnest way. As of Nov. 22, the country had 11.8 million confirmed cases and more than 250,000 deaths, according to the WHO. However, the Trump administration continues to politicize the pandemic by blaming China as well as political opponents, and refuses to take effective actions. There is now high expectation in Joe Biden and Kamala Harris, who say they will move the U.S. response in a dramatically different direction.
Some netizens have jokingly suggested that "G20" actually means "G2+0," since without the G2 (China and the U.S.), the G20 would be zero. But China is against the notion of the "G2" or "Chimerica," and has always upheld the principle of multilateralism.
In fact, the idea of a G2 is increasingly out of the question because of the United States' antagonism towards China. It is clear that unwillingness of the U.S. to cooperate with China will mean the G20 will struggle to contain the pandemic.
Despite these challenges, China is ready to undertake an important role in the global fight against the pandemic. China will be one of the few, if not the only, major country to witness positive economic growth in 2020. Moreover, alongside the support it has already provided countries around the world – such as medical teams and supplies – China will do its utmost to offer a vaccine as a global public good.
Jiang Shixue is Senior Research Fellow of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Distinguished Professor of the Shanghai University.
He is a columnist with China.org.cn. For more information please visit:
http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/jiangshixue.htm
Opinion articles reflect the views of their authors, not necessarily those of China.org.cn.
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Challenges for the G20 in overcoming the pandemic
Faced by a virus that respects no borders, the G20 leaders should implement a coordinated, united and science-based global response to deal with the pandemic.
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