Code Line
stringclasses 57
values | User Explanation
stringclasses 692
values | Line-Explanation in PCEX
stringclasses 131
values | Annotation Score
float64 1
5
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int seconds = scan.nextInt();
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Using the scanner variable created before to take input from user.
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We read the seconds by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer.
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scan.close();
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closing the scanner variable using the .close() method.
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We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program.
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int minutes = seconds / 60;
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Converting the seconds to minutes by dividing by 60.
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To obtain the minutes in seconds, we divide the seconds by 60 because there are 60 seconds in a minute.
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int minutes = seconds / 60;
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Converting the seconds to minutes by dividing by 60.
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Note that since both operands of division operator are integer, the fractional part of the result is truncated, if there is any.
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int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;
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The remaining seconds will be stored in integer variable by take modulus of 60.
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This is because there are 60 seconds in a minute.
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int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;
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The remaining seconds will be stored in integer variable by take modulus of 60.
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Note that the % operator returns the remainder of the division.
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int remainingSeconds = seconds % 60;
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The remaining seconds will be stored in integer variable by take modulus of 60.
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To obtain the remaining seconds after taking away the minutes, we have to take the remainder of the seconds divided by 60.
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System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds.");
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Printing the final statement which includes time in seconds converted to minutes and seconds.
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This statement prints to the default standard output stream the minutes and remaining seconds from the input amount of time in seconds.
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System.out.println(seconds + " seconds is " + minutes + " minutes and " + remainingSeconds + " seconds.");
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Printing the final statement which includes time in seconds converted to minutes and seconds.
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The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.
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int num = 15;
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Creating int variable num and assigning the value 15 to it.
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We define variable num to store the number that we want to find its smallest divisor.
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int num = 15;
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Creating int variable num and assigning the value 15 to it.
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We could initialize it to any positive integer greater than 1.
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int num = 15;
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Creating int variable num and assigning the value 15 to it.
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In this program, we initialize variable num to 15.
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int divisor = 2;
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Creating int variable divisor and assigning value 2 to it.
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We initialize variable divisor by 2 because we want to find the smallest divisor except 1.
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int divisor = 2;
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Creating int variable divisor and assigning value 2 to it.
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We define variable divisor to store the smallest divisor of the number.
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while (num % divisor != 0) {
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Creating a while loop with the condition that while num modulus divisor is not equal to 0, the loop runs
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Since we don't know ahead of time how many times the loop will be repeated, we need to use a while loop.
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while (num % divisor != 0) {
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Creating a while loop with the condition that while num modulus divisor is not equal to 0, the loop runs
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We need to increment the divisor repeatedly as long as the divisor is not a factor of the number.
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while (num % divisor != 0) {
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Creating a while loop with the condition that while num modulus divisor is not equal to 0, the loop runs
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Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.
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while (num % divisor != 0) {
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Creating a while loop with the condition that while num modulus divisor is not equal to 0, the loop runs
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The condition in the while loop tests whether the body of the loop should be repeated, so it should test whether the divisor is not a factor of the number.
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while (num % divisor != 0) {
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Creating a while loop with the condition that while num modulus divisor is not equal to 0, the loop runs
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We could check whether the divisor is not a factor of the number by computing the remainder of the division of the number by the divisor.
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divisor += 1;
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Incrementing the divisor by 1 each time the loop runs.
It is the same as divisor = divisor + 1
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When the divisor is not a factor of the number, we increment the variable divisor by 1.
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System.out.println("The smallest divisor of " + num + " is " + divisor);
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Printing out the final statement which prints the smallest divisor of the number.
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This statement prints to the default standard output stream the smallest divisor of the number.
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Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
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Creating a scanner variable to take user input.
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To read the input value from the user, we need to define a Scanner object.
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Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
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Creating a scanner variable to take user input.
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We need to read and process the integer that the user enters.
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System.out.println("Enter an integer: ");
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Prompt for the user to enter an integer.
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We prompt the user to enter an integer.
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int num = scan.nextInt();
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Storing the value entered by user in int variable num
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We read the input integer by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer.
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int num = scan.nextInt();
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Storing the value entered by user in int variable num
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We need to read the integer that the user enters and store it in a variable.
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scan.close();
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Closing the scanner variable.
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We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program.
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if ( num > 0 ) {
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Creating an if condition which is fulfilled if num > 0
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If the integer is neither positive nor negative, then we could conclude that the integer is zero.
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if ( num > 0 ) {
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Creating an if condition which is fulfilled if num > 0
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The conditions that tests for the integer's sign are mutually exclusive (i.e., one and only one of the conditions can be true); therefore, their order does not matter.
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if ( num > 0 ) {
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Creating an if condition which is fulfilled if num > 0
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To determine the sign of the integer, we need to perform two tests: one for determining whether the integer is positive and one for determining whether the integer is negative.
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if ( num > 0 ) {
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Creating an if condition which is fulfilled if num > 0
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Also, it is better to use if-else if statements instead of sequential if statements because an integer has only one sign and once we find the sign, we don't need to perform more tests.
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if ( num > 0 ) {
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Creating an if condition which is fulfilled if num > 0
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If both of these tests fail, then we could conclude that the integer is zero.
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System.out.println("The integer is positivie.");
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Printing a statement if the if condition is fulfilled.
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This statement prints that the integer is positive.
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System.out.println("The integer is positivie.");
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Printing a statement if the if condition is fulfilled.
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The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.
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} else if ( num < 0 ) {
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creating an else if condition which runs if num < 0
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If the first test fails (i.e., when the integer is not positive), we need to test if the integer is negative.
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System.out.println("The integer is negative.");
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Printing a statement when the else if condition is fulfilled.
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The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.
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System.out.println("The integer is negative.");
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Printing a statement when the else if condition is fulfilled.
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This statement prints that the integer is negative.
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} else {
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Creating an else condition which is fulfilled if neither if, or the else if conditions are met.
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We need to end the above if-else if statements with an else statement that its body is executed when none of the above tests are true, that is when the integer is zero.
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System.out.println("The integer is zero.");
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Printing the statement if else condition is met.
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The printed text is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.
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System.out.println("The integer is zero.");
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Printing the statement if else condition is met.
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This statement prints that the integer is zero.
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int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3};
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Creating an array arr which contains 3 elements 1, 2 and 3.
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We initialize the array of type int to hold the specified numbers.
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int [] arr = { 1, 2, 3};
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Creating an array arr which contains 3 elements 1, 2 and 3.
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We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }.
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for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
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Creating a for loop which runs the length of the array, in this case 3.
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We want to iterate over the array and increment each element in the array by 1.
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for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
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Creating a for loop which runs the length of the array, in this case 3.
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To really change the array as we march across it, we need to use indexes so we can assign an updated value to each position as we go.
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for ( int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++ ) {
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Creating a for loop which runs the length of the array, in this case 3.
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We need the array indexes to start at 0 (array indexes start from 0) with every integer number up to but not including the array length.
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arr[i] += 1;
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The value of each number in the array is increased by 1.
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This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1.
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arr[i] += 1;
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For example, arr[0] = 1. But once the loop is run, it becomes arr[0] = arr[0] + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2.
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This statement increments the element at the index i of the array by 1.
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int num = 1234;
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Creating int variable num with value 1234.
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We need variable num to store the integer that we want to print its digits.
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do {
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Creating a do while loop
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We need to process the digits of the integer from right to left and print them.
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do {
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Creating a do while loop
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Therefore, we need to use a loop structure.
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do {
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Creating a do while loop
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In this program, we do this by using a do loop.
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do {
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Creating a do while loop
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The do loop is more appropriate than a while loop because a positive integer always has at least one digit which results in the body of the loop performing at least once.
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num = num / 10;
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Then the value of num is changed to num divided by 10.
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Therefore, this division will remove the digit that we processed (lastDigit) and we can move on to the next digit.
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num = num / 10;
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Then the value of num is changed to num divided by 10.
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We truncate the extracted digit that we processed from the original integer by dividing the integer by 10.
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num = num / 10;
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Then the value of num is changed to num divided by 10.
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Note that this statement performs an integer division because both operand of the / operator are integer.
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System.out.println(num % 10);
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Print num modulus 10
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Each printed digit is followed by the line separator (e.g. '\n') at the end.
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System.out.println(num % 10);
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Print num modulus 10
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We need to extract the last digit in the 1's position of the integer.
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System.out.println(num % 10);
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Print num modulus 10
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For example, if the integer is 1234, we want to extract the digit 4 that is in 1's position of the integer.
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System.out.println(num % 10);
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Print num modulus 10
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We do this by calculating the remainder of the division of the integer by 10.
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System.out.println(num % 10);
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Print num modulus 10
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Then, this statement prints the last digit of the integer to the standard output stream.
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} while (num > 0);
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Complete the do while loop using the condition num > 0.
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We need to check for termination conditions to avoid infinite loops.
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} while (num > 0);
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Complete the do while loop using the condition num > 0.
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The loop should terminate when we run out of digits to process.
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} while (num > 0);
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Complete the do while loop using the condition num > 0.
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We could check whether the are more digits left by checking whether the variable num, which gets updated in the body of the do loop, is greater than zero.
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} while (num > 0);
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Complete the do while loop using the condition num > 0.
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If variable num is greater than zero, then it must have at least one digit, and in that case, the body of the do loop will be repeated again.
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} while (num > 0);
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Complete the do while loop using the condition num > 0.
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The body of the while loop should repeat as long as there are more digits left that we have not processed yet.
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} while (num > 0);
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This means that apart from the first time, the loop will only run if the num > 0
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We need to check for termination conditions to avoid infinite loops.
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} while (num > 0);
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This means that apart from the first time, the loop will only run if the num > 0
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The loop should terminate when we run out of digits to process.
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} while (num > 0);
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This means that apart from the first time, the loop will only run if the num > 0
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We could check whether the are more digits left by checking whether the variable num, which gets updated in the body of the do loop, is greater than zero.
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} while (num > 0);
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This means that apart from the first time, the loop will only run if the num > 0
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If variable num is greater than zero, then it must have at least one digit, and in that case, the body of the do loop will be repeated again.
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} while (num > 0);
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This means that apart from the first time, the loop will only run if the num > 0
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The body of the while loop should repeat as long as there are more digits left that we have not processed yet.
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Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
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Creating a scanner object called scan.
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To read the input values from the user, we need to define a Scanner object.
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Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
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Creating a scanner object called scan.
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We need to read and process the values that the user enters.
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System.out.println("Enter the phone age in years:");
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Printing a statement to ask the user to enter the phone age in years.
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We prompt the user to enter the phone age in years.
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int phoneAge = scan.nextInt();
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Storing the value entered by user in int variable phoneAge.
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We read the phone age by calling the nextInt() method because this input is an integer.
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int phoneAge = scan.nextInt();
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Storing the value entered by user in int variable phoneAge.
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We need to read the phone age that the user enters and store it in a variable.
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System.out.println("Enter whether the phone is broken (true or false):");
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Asking the user to enter a true or false value about whether the phone is broken or not.
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We prompt the user to enter whether the phone is broken.
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boolean isBroken = scan.nextBoolean();
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Storing the user input in a boolean variable isBroken.
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We need to read whether the phone is broken and store it in a variable.
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boolean isBroken = scan.nextBoolean();
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Storing the user input in a boolean variable isBroken.
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The variable isBroken is true when the phone is broken, and false otherwise.
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boolean isBroken = scan.nextBoolean();
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Storing the user input in a boolean variable isBroken.
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We read whether the phone is broken by calling the nextBoolean() method because this input is a boolean.
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scan.close();
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Closing the scanner object.
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We close the scanner as we do not want to process any input from the user in the rest of the program.
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boolean needPhone = isBroken || phoneAge >= 3;
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Creating a boolean variable needPhone which is true if either the phone is broken, or the phone is 3 or more years old.
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We use the || operator (called or) to combine the two conditions.
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boolean needPhone = isBroken || phoneAge >= 3;
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Creating a boolean variable needPhone which is true if either the phone is broken, or the phone is 3 or more years old.
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The first condition is to test if the phone is broken and the second condition is to test if the phone age is at least 3 years old.
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boolean needPhone = isBroken || phoneAge >= 3;
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Creating a boolean variable needPhone which is true if either the phone is broken, or the phone is 3 or more years old.
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We need two conditions to determine if it is the time for a new phone.
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System.out.println(needPhone);
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Printing the value of needPhone variable.
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This statement prints true/false depending on whether it is time to buy a new phone.
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System.out.println(needPhone);
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Printing the value of needPhone variable.
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The printed value is followed by an end-of-line character in the end.
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String fullName = "John Smith"
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Create a string variable and store the value "John Smith" in it.
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We define a string variable to hold the name.
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String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1);
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Stores the value in the 1st position of the string fullName into another String firstInitial.
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We need to extract the first letter from the first name.
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String firstInitial = fullName.substring(0, 1);
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Stores the value in the 1st position of the string fullName into another String firstInitial.
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We do this by calling the substring(0,1) method.
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String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6);
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Stores the value of 6th position of the string fullName into another string lastInitial.
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We need to extract the first letter from the last name.
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String lastInitial = fullName.substring(5, 6);
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Stores the value of 6th position of the string fullName into another string lastInitial.
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We do this by calling the substring(5,6) method.
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String initials = firstInitial + lastInitial;
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Creating a string initials which adds both the previous strings, firstInitial and lastinitial.
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This statements concatenates the extracted initials and store the result in the string initials.
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System.out.println(initials);
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Prints out the string initials.
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This statement prints the initials to the default standard output stream.
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System.out.println(initials);
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Prints out the string initials.
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The printed value is followed by the end-of-line character at the end.
| 1 |
int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46};
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Creating an integer array with 5 values.
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We define array values to hold the specified numbers.
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int[] values = {5, 8, 4, 78, 95, 12, 1, 0, 6, 35, 46};
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Creating an integer array with 5 values.
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We initialize the array by separating elements with a comma and enclosing the collection in braces { }.
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int maxValue = values[0];
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Creating int variable maxValue and assigning the value of element in position 1 of the array values.
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We need variable maxValue to store the maximum value of the array.
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int maxValue = values[0];
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Creating int variable maxValue and assigning the value of element in position 1 of the array values.
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We initialize this variable by the first value in the array because we initially assume that the first value is the maximum.
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for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
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Creating a for loop which runs 1 less than the size of the array values. In this case, the value of values.length is 5, so the loop will run 4 times.
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We use a for loop to iterate over the remaining array indexes and search for the maximum value.
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for (int i = 1; i < values.length; i++) {
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Creating a for loop which runs 1 less than the size of the array values. In this case, the value of values.length is 5, so the loop will run 4 times.
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We need the array indexes to start at 1 with every integer number up to but not including the array length.
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if (values[i] > maxValue) {
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Creating if condition which is fulfilled if the values[i] is greated than the maxValue variable.
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We need to compare the value at the index i of the array with the maximum value stored in variable maxValue.
| 2 |
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