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The South
Alabama (9)
Bush easily carried Alabama, a state the GOP has dominated in presidential polling since 1976. In the absence of a competitive third-party candidate, the Texas governor took an even larger share of the state, 56 percent of the vote, than Republican nominees in the past two presidential elections. In the only House race in which the incumbent faced a serious challenge, two-term Rep. Robert Aderholt (R) easily defeated Martha Folsom (D), heir to one of the most famous names in Alabama politics.
Arkansas (6)
President Clinton's home state helped keep Bush's hopes alive by giving the Texas governor 50 percent of the vote, which outstripped the 46 percent won by Gore. Other candidates split the rest. But Democrats picked up a House seat as state Sen. Mike Ross (D), a graduate of Hope High School in Clinton's hometown, edged out incumbent Rep. Jay Dickey (R), a conservative four-term representative who backed the impeachment of the president. Ross, 39, opposes gun control but ran on other Democratic themes such as preserving Social Security and creating a Medicare prescription drug benefit. He rose to prominence by chairing hearings on the abuse of delinquent children in state custody; the hearings led to reforms of the division of youth services.
Florida (25)
The presidential cliffhanger dominated the news from the nation's fourth-most populous state, but there were several other hotly contested races.
The Democrats seized the chance to replace retiring Sen. Connie Mack (R). Insurance commissioner and former representative Bill Nelson (D) rode his reputation as a consumer advocate and political moderate to an easy victory over 10-term Rep. Bill McCollum, who gained national fame as one of the House "managers" in Clinton's Senate impeachment trial. Nelson took a sizable share of Bush voters, about a quarter of voters who identified themselves as conservatives and an overwhelming majority of female voters in assembling his 51 percent-to-46 percent victory.
The Republicans held on to two House seats vacated by Reps. Charles T. Canady (R) and Tillie Fowler (R), who fulfilled their voluntary six-year term limit pledges.
Adam Putnam (R), 26, won Canady's seat and will become the youngest member of the new Congress. He thumped Michael D. Stedem, 50, a Ford auto dealer who was making his first bid for political office. Putnam, who despite his youth is chairman of the agriculture committee in the state legislature, won 57 percent of the vote in his rural central Florida district. Putnam has protected sugar growers, tobacco farmers and citrus groves and has supported tougher criminal sentencing laws. The Florida League of Conservation Voters ranked him last among 160 state legislators on environmental issues.
Former state senator Ander Crenshaw (R) easily captured Fowler's district. Crenshaw, who has been out of office since 1994, did not set a limit on the length of his service. He is seeking a spot on the House Armed Services and Transportation and Infrastructure committees, useful assignments in his northeast Florida district, which is home to several military bases.
Florida's tightest race tilted toward GOP incumbent Rep. E. Clay Shaw Jr., who led state Rep. Elaine Bloom (D) by just 637 votes in a contest in which each side spent more than $2 million. The district includes the three counties--Palm Beach, Broward and Dade--that are at the heart of the disputed presidential election results. In accordance with Florida law, county officials were recounting ballots in the congressional race, too, focusing on absentee ballots, misleading or erroneous ballot cards and miscounting, according to a Bloom campaign spokesman. Shaw, who has served 10 terms, appeared to have won even though Clinton and celebrities such as director Rob Reiner stumped for Bloom. The Democratic National Committee had poured $1.6 million into Bloom's campaign; Bloom's campaign spent about $2.7 million independently.
In the Jacksonville area, incumbent Rep. Corrine Brown (D), cited by the House ethics committee for the "appearance of impropriety" in a financial scandal, easily fended off a challenge by retired Navy Lt. Cmdr. Jennifer Carroll (R), who was trying to become the first African American Republican woman elected to Congress.
The GOP barely held on to McCollum's district in the Orlando area. Ric Keller (R), a lawyer in his first political campaign, won 51 percent to 49 percent over Linda Chapin, who has been elected three times to countywide office, including a stint as Orange County chairman. Keller backed measures to protect the Everglades from polluters and supported tax cuts and vouchers for education. He benefited from negative campaign ads run by the National Republican Congressional Committee.
Georgia (13)
After see-sawing narrowly in the past two presidential elections, Georgia went solidly for Bush, who carried the state with 55 percent of the vote. Bush won a clear majority of the male vote in Georgia and split the female vote evenly with Gore, according to exit polls. In addition, Bush took a clear majority of independent voters and a large chunk of those who identified themselves as moderates. As in the rest of the South, blacks voted for Gore overwhelmingly, favoring him by about 90 percent.
Sen. Zell Miller (D), who was appointed to the Senate in July after the death of Paul Coverdell (R), won a special election for the four remaining years of Coverdell's term. Miller ended eight years as governor in 1999 with high popularity ratings. His nearest competitor in a field of seven candidates was Mack Mattingly (R), who held the seat in the 1980s.
All the incumbents won their House seats by comfortable margins. Even sports broadcast executive Roger Kahn (D), who spent more than $2 million of his own money, fell short in his effort to oust Rep. Robert L. Barr Jr. (R), a fierce proponent of Clinton's impeachment.
Kentucky (8)
The Clinton-Gore ticket carried the Bluegrass State twice by narrow margins, but Bush romped by one of the widest margins in any recent presidential race--more than 230,000 votes. Gore's anti-smoking stands and his strong positions on environmental issues cost him greatly among the many Kentucky voters who make their livings from tobacco and coal.
Democrats mounted serious challenges against several Republican incumbents but failed to win any of the races. In the closest of those contests, Rep. Ernie Fletcher (R) won with 53 percent of the vote after a campaign in which gun control was a major issue. Fletcher enjoyed strong support from the NRA.
Louisiana (9)
Bush topped his father's share of the vote in Louisiana by a full 10 percentage points, carrying the state by a wide margin. Clinton won the Bayou State twice, but Gore was never competitive there. None of the seven incumbents--two Democrats and five Republicans--in Louisiana's congressional delegation faced a competitive challenge.
Mississippi (7)
Republican candidates have carried Mississippi by wide margins for 20 years and Bush easily replicated the feat, taking 57 percent of the vote. Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott (R) did even better with 66 percent. The GOP's only disappointment in the state was its failure to unseat freshman Rep. Ronnie Shows (D). The party lent strong support to a challenge by Dunn Lampton (R), a popular district attorney, but Shows won.
South Carolina (8)
Bush easily won the Palmetto State, which has gone for a Democrat only once, in 1976, since Richard M. Nixon brought it into the Republican column in 1968. State Rep. Henry Brown (R) won nearly 60 percent of the vote in a solidly Republican House seat left open by the retirement of Rep. Mark Sanford (R), who had set his own term limit. Brown, 64, an investor and retired vice president of Piggly Wiggly Carolina Inc., has served in the state legislature since 1985. He emerged from a six-way Republican primary by stressing tax cuts and smaller government. His opponent, Andrew C. Brack, who advocated a balance between growth and quality of life in coastal South Carolina, is a former journalist and spokesman for Sen. Ernest F. Hollings (D-S.C.).
Tennessee (11)
When Bush started turning up regularly to campaign in Tennessee this fall, it appeared to some that he was just teasing his opponent, but Gore, in fact, lost his home state and lost it badly. Bush won 51 percent to Gore's 47 percent, thus making Gore the first presidential nominee to lose his home state since then-Sen. George McGovern failed to carry South Dakota in 1972. By tradition, Tennessee has been divided evenly between Democrats and Republicans. The Clinton-Gore team carried the state twice, but the GOP has made substantial gains in recent years and holds the governor's mansion and both Senate seats. Late in the campaign, Gore tried to rally traditional Democratic constituencies, especially African Americans, but it was not enough. Adding to the bitterness of the defeat: If Gore had carried Tennessee, he would not have needed to win Florida to capture the White House.
Sen. Bill Frist (R) and all the incumbent House members--four Democrats and five Republicans--won reelection easily. |
Many Australians will recognise young driver crashes as a serious problem. However, few might realise that crashes are the leading cause of death and acquired disability of young Australians, during the otherwise healthiest stage of life (rivalled only by suicide in late adolescence).
Youth aged 17-25 comprise 13% of the Australian population, but 22% of the annual road toll. They are more likely to go to hospital due to a crash than any other age group.
While the statistics are confronting, the myths surrounding them are affronting. Having trained in developmental psychology, I was surprised to hear comments within the road safety community such as: they just think they’re invincible, there is nothing you can do about it, and their brains aren’t developed properly – following advances in brain imaging research.
The ‘youth factor’ in crashes
The truth is that newly licensed drivers of any age have the highest risk of crashing in the months following the (very safe) learner period. They are novices of a very complex skill and, as with any complex skill, they make mistakes. Factor in that most new drivers are young and it follows that young people have more crashes.
Why then is this not readily accepted?
A “youth factor” contributes to the high crash risk. The increased risk for young new drivers is higher than for older new drivers. However, it is questionable whether this is due to intentional or unintentional risks.
In all age groups a proportion of drivers intentionally break road rules; speeding is probably the most widely accepted example. Young drivers are no exception and are more likely to speed and break other such rules than other age groups. Yet this still relates only to a minority.
Developmental factors, however, apply to all youth and particularly contribute to unintentional risks. During childhood, changes in the brain start to occur that strengthen neural connections. They allow quicker and more efficient travel of nerve impulses, as cognitive abilities become more localised to certain brain areas.
It is during middle adolescence – when new licensed driving typically begins – that this process reaches the frontal lobe of the brain. This area is associated with functions such as controlling impulses, overriding emotions and anticipating consequences – all extremely important for ensuring safe driving. This process continues into the early 20s.
Sleep needs also increase at this time, to around nine hours. The hormone that helps bring on sleep is released later at night, around 11PM. With lifestyles typically demanding earlier bed times and rise times, these changes result in youth being prone to fatigue. This is reflected in their over-representation in fatigue and fall-asleep crashes.
Adolescence is also a time of important social shifts, including decreased dependence on parents and greater standing of peers. For reasons such as social outings and casual work, young people drive more at night than adults, which is a higher crash risk time for all drivers. Therefore youth are more likely to be in a crash simply by when they choose to drive.
Adolescent brains are therefore developing “properly” and in important ways, including changes that facilitate leaving home and moving into the adult workforce. Yes this results in intentional “pushing the limits” for some. However, for all, everyday factors such as hazards and distractions are not as easy to perceive and manage compared to older drivers.
What then can we do?
Moving towards safer roads
Calls for mandatory driver training are common. However, traditional programs fail to focus on these key factors. Often they target advanced vehicle handling skills in imminent crash scenarios, which, contrary to expectations, are shown to increase crashes. Such complex skills cannot be mastered in a day. Nor can they be applied effectively without practice, yet these skills might be needed months later.
Such approaches increase young drivers’ judgement of their skills beyond their actual ability. This results in more rather than less risk being accepted when driving.
Alternatively, licensing conditions for new drivers – including restrictions on night driving and peer passengers – serve to reduce exposure to high-risk conditions. Contrary to some beliefs, they do not punish all for the sake of the intentionally risky few, but rather address inexperience and developmental limitations. They have proven to be the single most successful initiative in reducing youth crash casualties.
With increased cries of “the nanny state” and a current federal inquiry into restrictions on “personal choices”, it is timely to increase general understanding of the young driver problem (rather than the problem young driver). Through this, we should support initiatives that protect youth during an important stage of development while they learn an also important but complex life skill. |
Dmitri Dudik
Dmitri Vladimirovich Dudik (, ; born November 2, 1977) is a Belarusian former ice hockey player, who is currently the head coach of HK Lida of the Belarusian Extraleague. Dudik played for several teams in Belarus, Germany, and China in his playing career, which lasted from 1992 until 2011. Internationally he played for the Belarusian national team in multiple World Championships, and played in the 2002 Winter Olympics.
Career statistics
External links
Category:1977 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belarusian ice hockey right wingers
Category:China Dragon players
Category:HC Dinamo Minsk players
Category:HC Shakhtyor Soligorsk players
Category:HK Gomel players
Category:HK Neman Grodno players
Category:Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Category:Keramin Minsk players
Category:Nürnberg Ice Tigers players
Category:Olympic ice hockey players of Belarus
Category:Sportspeople from Minsk
Category:Tivali Minsk players
Category:Yunost Minsk players |
An electric double-layer capacitor using the formation of an electric double layer for energy storage performs charging and discharging only through the movement of ions without requiring an oxidation-reduction reaction required by a secondary battery. Therefore, the electric double-layer capacitor has the advantages of an excellent output characteristic and reduced degradation. Since the electric double-layer capacitor utilizes the natural phenomenon of the formation of the electric double layer, the device structure thereof is simpler than that of a parallel-plate condenser or the like. In addition, because the spacing between electrode plates in the condenser is on the order of the size of an ion in the electric double-layer capacitor, the electric double-layer capacitor has the advantage of a large capacitance. On the other hand, a low energy density and the like can be listed as disadvantages of the electric double-layer capacitor.
The electric double-layer capacitor is used in two different applications. In one of the two applications, the electric double-layer capacitor is primarily used alone. In the other application, the electric double-layer capacitor is used in conjunction with another type of energy conversion device such as a secondary battery or a fuel battery. In either case, the electric double-layer battery performs an important function as an energy conversion device.
In recent years, improvements in the performance of equipment using the above-mentioned energy conversion device, including the electric double-layer capacitor, are remarkable. With the improvements in the performance of the equipment, there has been a growing demand for an improvement in the performance of the energy conversion device.
Among numerous existing energy conversion devices, a lead acid battery for an automobile can be listed as one of the most frequently used devices. As the lead acid battery for an automobile, a high-output type capable of instantaneously extracting a large current is demanded to allow constant starting from a state where an engine is cool. A temporal scale is in the range of, e.g., about 0.2 seconds to 1 second, and a characteristic which allows retention of a high voltage within the time is required. In consideration of the tendency of a load, such as a motor mounted in a vehicle or the like, to keep increasing, a lead acid battery which provides a higher output than a conventional lead acid battery has done is in demand. In an idle stopping vehicle and a hybrid vehicle in which the charging and discharging of a lead acid battery is repeatedly and frequently performed also, a lead acid battery which provides a higher output more stably than the conventional lead acid battery has done is in demand.
In Patent Document 1, it is proposed to add a substance having a desulfurization catalytic effect or a SOx oxidation catalytic effect to a carbon material containing activated carbon or cause the carbon material to support such a substance and add the resulting material to a negative electrode, thereby improving the charge acceptance of a battery.
In Patent Document 2, it is proposed to produce an electrode using an active material mixture paste produced by adding conductive carbon and activated carbon to a negative-electrode active material, thereby achieving an improvement in conductivity and an increase in the capacity of an electric double layer and holding a battery voltage high immediately after discharging.
In Patent Document 3, it is proposed to cover a surface of the positive electrode of a lead acid battery with a porous carbon material, thereby improving the charge acceptance of the lead acid battery.
In Patent Document 4, it is proposed to remove an impurity in an electrolytic solution by bringing activated carbon into contact with the electrolytic solution to cause adsorption of the impurity, thereby reducing self-discharging. Patent Document 1: JP-2002-367613 A Patent Document 2: JP-2003-51306 A Patent Document 3: JP-H8-180858 A Patent Document 4: JP-2001-210354 A
The task of the present invention is to provide a lead acid battery having an output characteristic more excellent than that of a conventional lead acid battery and an electrode for the lead acid battery used therein. An object of the present invention in an energy conversion device to which an electric-double-layer capacitor material capable of high-speed charging and discharging is added is to enhance the effect of the addition of activated carbon by making most effective use of the electric-double-layer capacitor material and provide a device with a higher input/output capability and a higher energy density. |
Optimization of HPMC and carbopol concentrations in non-effervescent floating tablet through factorial design.
This study was to optimize HPMC K4M and carbopol 934 concentration in the development of non-effervescent floating tablets (NEFTs) of glipizide as model drug using 3(2) factorial design. The time required for releasing drug of 50% and 80% and similarity factor were the target responses. HPMC K4M and carbopol 934 concentrations were the variables. The response surface methodology and optimized polynomial equations were used to select the optimal formulation with desired responses. The excipients used in tablets were compatible with glipizide as per the results of isothermal stress testing and DSC study. The drug release of entire NEFTs followed zero order kinetics and non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Validation of the optimization technique demonstrated the reliability of the model. The optimized formulation containing 124.33 mg HPMC K4M and 25.76 mg carbopol 934 was prepared according to the software determined levels. The stability study of the optimized formulation proved the integrity of the developed formulation. |
The present invention relates to an optical pickup device, and more particularly, to an optical pickup device which can record/reproduce information, at high density, employing a solid immersion lens (SIL).
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional optical pickup device for recording/reproducing information at high density. Light emitted from a light module 1 is reflected onto a SIL 10 by a reflection member 5. The SIL 10 focuses the light to form a beam spot on a recording plane of a disk 19. The light module 1 includes a light source, a device for converting a traveling path of incident light and a photodetector for receiving the light reflected from the recording plane of the disk 19. The reflection member 5 performs minute tracking by making fine changes to the incidence angle of incident light by moving the position of the beam spot formed on the disk 19 little by little. The SIL 10 is supported by a slider 15 separated several tens of nanometers from the disk 19 by an air bearing effect when the disk 19 rotates. An incident surface 10a of the SIL 10 is curved to focus incident light. The opposite surface 10b of the SIL 10, facing the disk 19, is planar.
The size of a beam spot formed on a disk can be substantially represented as: ##EQU1## A where .lambda. is the wavelength of light emitted from a light source and NA is the numerical aperture of the light focusing device. Thus, to reduce the size of a beam spot to enable higher density recording/reproduction, the wavelength of the light must be reduced or the numerical aperture must be increased. However, the maximum numerical aperture theoretically available in air is approximately 1.
Since the surface 10b of the SIL 10 is very close to the disk 19, when the refractive index of the SIL 10 is .eta..sub.SIL, the wavelength of light in the SIL 10 and the disk 19 equals ##EQU2##
When compared to, ##EQU3## the numerical aperture of the SIL 10, with respect to the wavelength of light emitted from a light source, i.e., .lambda., is greater than or equal to 1, thereby reducing the size of the beam spot. Here, the SIL 10 has a refractive index which is substantially the same as that of a protective film for protecting the recording plane of the disk 19. Since the distance between the SIL 10 and the disk 19 is in the range of several tens of nanometers, the beam spot is not exposed to the air and thus the numerical aperture is greater than or equal to 1, thereby reducing the size of the beam spot.
FIG. 2 is a detailed diagram of the SIL 10 shown in FIG. 1. The SIL 10, having one curved surface cannot remove both spherical aberration and coma aberration. On the other hand, if the incident surface 10a of the SIL 10 is elliptically curved, as shown in FIG. 2, the spherical aberration can be removed. However, the elliptically curved surface 10a does not satisfy Abbe's sine condition and becomes very sensitive to the tilt of incident light. Thus, coma aberration is generated in the light S1 (which is incident obliquely) and is focused by the SIL 10, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. If the incident surface 10a of the SIL 10 was curved hemispherically, the coma aberration is removed but defocusing and spherical aberration still exist. Since an optical recording/reproducing apparatus employing the SIL 10 is very sensitive to tilt, which generates coma aberration, it is very difficult to fabricate.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a proposed optical pickup device. The proposed optical pickup device has a focusing objective lens 7 installed between the light module 1 and the SIL 10. In this case, spherical aberration and coma aberration are removed by the objective lens 7 and the SIL 10 serves to increase the numerical aperture. However, since the proposed optical pickup device employs two lenses, that is, the objective lens 7 and the SIL 10, the system is complex, bulky and costly. |
[Professional burnout among people suffer from psoriasis].
Discussion in topic of professional burnout subject to discussion in Poland since 80'. Professional burnout is a state of emotional and physical exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress. As the stress continues, you begin to lose the interest or motivation of job, additionally burnout reduces your productivity or energy. That's why it's important to recognize the early signs of burnout. Discriminate three phases of professional burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced personal accomplishment. The risk of professional burnout involve especially people who suffer from psoriasis. The aim of this study was to discuss the problem about burnout among people suffer from psoriasis. |
Supramolecular detection of metal ion binding: ligand conformational control of cholesteric induction in nematic liquid crystalline phases.
Tripodal tetradentate ligands may act as chemosensor molecules. Their ability to torque a nematic into a cholesteric phase increases upon complexation with copper ion. Moreover, changes in overall shape of the complexes induced by different metals and counter ions were transferred sensitively to the supramolecular level, observed by proportionate changes in the degree of twisting. Modification of the oxidation state of the metal center also gave large changes in twisting power; this suggests potential application in electrochemical molecular switches. The handedness of the induced cholesteric phase is related to the stereochemistry of the ligand: The small amount of chiral dopant needed for the LC technique (less than 2 nmol) suggests the possible determination of the absolute configuration of the parent primary amines of the ligands. |
High School Math Curriculum Synopsis
Algebra 1 (McGraw-Hill, Glencoe) – Algebra 1 is a required math course for ninth grade students. Algebra is used in the study of mathematics, science, engineering, medicine, and economics. The text approaches algebraic concepts systematically, beginning with a plan for problem solving using basic operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing) on integers and fractions, and ending with statistics and probability. This course provides computational skills necessary for placement and aptitude tests, as well as, advancement to Geometry.
Geometry (McGraw-Hill, Glencoe) – Geometry is a required math course for tenth grade students. The text is designed to increase the student’s ability to work practical problems. It also helps develop thinking processes that are necessary for future math classes and everyday life. This course provides computational skills necessary for placement and aptitude tests, as well as, advancement to Algebra 2, Consumer Math or Business Math.
Business Math (A Beka curriculum) – Business Mathematics is a standard-diploma math course and is offered during a student’s eleventh or twelfth grade year. This course reviews all basic mathematical skills while teaching stewardship, business management, investments, income, taxes, and banking. |
So, how does your hair compare to your nails? I am curious about this since they are often associated (have strong and shiny hair & nails with Super-X product!!! :D)
Are your nails and your hair both thick and strong? brittle/prone to breakage? pliable? dry? thin? do both grow fast or slowly?
I'll start then. I have quite thick strands of hair and very, very thick and resilient nails. My nails grow extremely fast but my hair doesn't at all (all energy going to my nails, perhaps? :D) When I've had iron problems in the past, leading to heavy shedding of my hair, my nails where not at all affected. My hair is very dry (porous?) my skin is dry, but I don't think my nails are particularly dry (considering the [lack of] treatment I give to them) I need to feed my hair constantly so it doesn't dehydrate and break off, but my nails can take neglect pretty well. I've achieved very long nail lenghts by just ignoring them. When they break, they always break around the sides from a good deal of trauma.
All in all, except for the thickness perhaps, I don't think my hair and nails are at all related.
Newniepg
June 5th, 2008, 02:32 PM
Well, I bite my nails. I don't bite my hair. Having said that, My nails seem to be fairly strong (considering I nibble) when I do let them grow, I would say that my hair was fairly strong and resilient too. I suppose that both my nails and my hair suffer when I am ill though.
It is an interesting thought, I will be watching this thread to see if anyone else's hair and nails are related.
My nails grow like weeds. I don't like them very long, and it seems that I'm constantly filing them to keep them at a manageable length. My hair grows not as fast as my nails do. But they are both quite healthy.
lora410
June 5th, 2008, 02:49 PM
My nails are week, break, and flake; they grow in spurts. My hair is not thick but alot stronger then my nails and it would take more then a good jank to snap my hair, and that also grows in spurts section by section. Sometimes I will get major growth only on the top and sometimes only on the bottom.
Fillette
June 5th, 2008, 02:55 PM
I think that my hair and my nails are equally strong and healthy. However, I would do anything, ANYTHING (well almost) to have my hair grow as fast as my nails do...
mira-chan
June 5th, 2008, 04:55 PM
My nails are thick, strong and long. So is my hair. My nails grow very fast, my hair plods along at average speed.
Magicknthenight
June 5th, 2008, 05:04 PM
my nails grow really fast! But my hair seems to grow super slow!:(
i used to pick my nails off as a chillen but now i just let them grow. They are pretty strong and even quite flexable without breaking :poot: i dunno..
then eventuially the nails break off somehow when im doing something when they get too long and start all over again. I wish my hair grew as fast as my nails!:pray:
ladiosaRosa
June 5th, 2008, 05:08 PM
I consider my hair and nails are related in that my individual hairs are fine and I think my total hair is thin.
My nails are 'delicate' to begin with and heavens forbid I get them wet (kitchen, shower, garden), they become soft. I usually have 4 layers of nail polish on them (base, 2 coats of color, topcoat)....and that makes them strong enough to weather my chores. Their rate of growth is not bad especially since I massage them with my home made cuticle cream several times a day. Two of my fingernails are prone to 'layering'; I try to remedy this by gluing a small patch of fine silk on the layering area. This patch lasts for months.
I have always had super uber thick hair and nails. I can grow my nails out a inch or so before they break because I am not nice to them and abuse them:) My hair has always been strong as well. I just wish it grew like my nails do ( noticably). Honestly I average about a inch a month on both in the warmer months. Winter months I go gone to almost no growth and have yet to see it kick back in yet this year ( GROW)
hurricane_gia
June 5th, 2008, 05:30 PM
I'm going to respond before I read all the other posts because I only have so much time to play on the internet tonight . . .
I have Medium textured hair that is fairly strong. I do have some breakage from a time when I was anemic and wearing ponytails a lot, but generally I think of my hair as strong, since I made it all the way to waist length before LHC, and without using conditioners!
But my nails, now, my nails could be used to build armored cars. I'm a gardener, and I dig in the dirt all day long, but never break a nail. I hate to cut them because they are so thick that when I cut them there's a reverberation that goes up my arm and creeps me out. So, I let them grow until the 'white' part of the nail is almost as long as the 'pink' part. I have actually bent them backwards accidentally, without breaking them.
I haven't started taking any special vitamins yet, so all the changes in my hair since joining LHC are due entirely to the products I put on my hair and the way I handle it. Since I use my hands to put these products in my hair, I have noticed a tremendous difference in the condition of my skin (no more hangnails or torn cuticles) and my nails really do seem even stronger now. So I guess CO, C-COW-C, Shea Butter and all that are very good for nails!
kwaniesiam
June 5th, 2008, 07:12 PM
My nails and hair are polar opposites. I used to have really long, strong healthy nails. My hair is fine and thin, and can't handle that much abuse. Recently I've been biting my nails a lot, it's an off and on bad habit of mine. I'm trying to quit again, so far so good. I sometimes with my hair was thick and strong, short nails don't really bother me that much since I play several instruments and they'd just get in the way.
Ponytale
June 5th, 2008, 08:43 PM
My hair and nails are opposite too...
Fine slow growing hair (but abundant I guess), and really fast growing hard nails that I have to trim or they get rather perverse. I work outside with horses, do my own farrier work, garden, climb around the rocks etc. with no polish ever, and they still grow very long. I wish my hair were similar!
psvzum
June 5th, 2008, 09:15 PM
My hair is very thick while my nails are very thin
Curlsgirl
June 5th, 2008, 09:33 PM
I think mine are both fairly average as far as growth and strength or maybe a little above average. My hair can take a lot more than most people and come out strong, doesn't break very easy etc. My nails are acrylic but it's not that they are not strong, I just am very active and not careful with them so they break as they get longer. I like not having to worry about them. So yes, I believe there is a relation for me, both healthy and growth normal. :D
ZaBasDa
June 5th, 2008, 09:44 PM
hurricane_gia I think your nails and mine are twins. They grow rather fast, are super thick, and really strong. I have one nail that tends to 'flake' in the same spot when I damage it though.
Sometimes my nails flake off, particularly my middle finger, about two weeks after I've been sick or anemic. Every now and then, a corner of on of my nails will tear, and I will trim the corner smooth (I can't stand to file my nails because that also sends creep sensations up my arms) and they just keep on growing like nothing happens.
Recently, they got so long that the tips of my fingers actually hurt from the weight. They had never gotten that long before without a little breakage, so I really think it was all the shea butter I was putting in my hair -- when I finish with my hair I rub whatever is left on my hands into my nails! It's great stuff, shea butter!
Elainehali
June 5th, 2008, 10:02 PM
I have some of the weakest, lame nails I've ever seen. As soon as the white part of the nail leaves the nail bed it's going to wear down. They split and break. (I bite my nails to keep them short, cause if they break it could hurt.)
My hair seems quite strong, though.
Saranne772
June 6th, 2008, 01:12 AM
My hair seems to be strong despite splits on older hairs. My nails grow long on and strong anyway splitting when they get about half and inch long. If I take biotin regularly then they do grow longer and stronger
flapjack
June 6th, 2008, 01:23 AM
My nails grow very fast, they are very thick/strong and I'm filing at least 1-2 fingernails every other day and I cut my toenails every weekend. When I do cut my fingernails short, they leave huge dents in my skin that hurt for the next day, hahaha. My nails are heavy! It's weird.
So basically, everything on me is the same except my body hair. Thick, long, tough, quick to grow. And then fine, wimpy, slow-growing, white body hair that I use an electric razor on once every two weeks. Ridiculous, haha.
Angellen
June 6th, 2008, 02:45 AM
My nails grow relatively fast, and so does my hair. My nails tend to break or tear easily, which I find unfortunate, but my hair seems to be of about average sturdiness.
socks
June 6th, 2008, 03:46 AM
My nails and hair grow at fairly average rates, but they are quite long, healthy, and resilient. I'm thinking of taking biotin, though, because faster growth would be awesome.
morgwn
June 6th, 2008, 03:48 AM
Now that I've been on a hair & nails vitamin for a good while now, I've noticed that they both break less and both grow faster. So mine seem to be linked. :shrug:
Phalaenopsis
June 6th, 2008, 04:03 AM
I've always had thick, sturdy nails and thick hair :)
And now with my zinc issue, first my nails grew a lot faster and now also my hair is affected.
Altocumulus
June 6th, 2008, 09:34 AM
My nails grow like weeds. I don't like them very long, and it seems that I'm constantly filing them to keep them at a manageable length. My hair grows not as fast as my nails do. But they are both quite healthy.
Me too - too bad it's not my hair that grows faster than my nails!
Emichiee
June 6th, 2008, 10:24 AM
Good Hair bad Nails here..:rolleyes:
Hair: Medium thick, medium volume, shiney slippery strnds of hair, soft texture, good resiliance towards chemicals and other minor abuse in the past, very few splits. my hair grows a little faster than the average 1cm (1.5-.7cm)
Not so good: tendency towards taper and stringiness
Nails: Thin, brittle, prone to breaking or splitting, very soft and bendable. Used to have good nails until the age of 17, right now they are in an ok state because I am taking supplements. Without supplements they break before they grow long.
Once they are long and stronger they look quite lovely though.
They grow fast..
Aisha25
June 6th, 2008, 10:42 AM
Nails weak when they get wet washing dishes or taking shower they get soft and bend tear easily..ouchy. I bite them short cause if it were to break it hurts alot. Hair is much better,stronger and can grow long unlike my nails, well nails grow fast too but can't stay long.
Ohio Sky
June 6th, 2008, 11:14 AM
My nails have a tendency to be very thin and soft, and break, peel, and chip like mad. If I pamper them (and make DBF do the dishes) they do ok, but if I even think about taking a hot bath or getting in the hot tub forget it.
My hair is much more resiliant. Its been through just about everything and it still going.
Id say the growth rates are about the same, though, both my hair and nails seem to be slightly above average growth.
daydreamer
June 6th, 2008, 11:20 AM
Hm... I think my nails and hair are similar in that they are generally healthy, but that's about where it stops! My nails grow super fast and are very strong, they almost never break. My hair grows about average rate and not strong at all, very fine and easily broken.
Also, I like my hair very long and my nails very short. ;)
HotRag
June 6th, 2008, 12:17 PM
I have thick rather coarse (M to C) hair, and normal, maybe weak nails. But I'm not 100 % sure about nails, cause I don't pay attention to them or treat them with care. I sometime use them as tools, and break them when playing the piano and so on.
Nocturnal
February 19th, 2009, 09:56 PM
I also have been wondering about nails-hair connection. My both hair and nails grow fast, but unlike my hair my nails are very brittle and break easily. I've noticed a great improvement in my nails' condition last time I went to a seashore vacation. Maybe I have some sort of mineral deficiency. :confused:
Calanthe
February 19th, 2009, 10:40 PM
My hair is oh-sooo-slow but my nails grow like weeds. I wore my nails quite long at some times, at the moment I'm favouring a classic 20s look and that is really a lot more maintenance as I had when I wore my nails long(er). Why can't it be the other way round, I wonder...:rolleyes:
Finoriel
February 20th, 2009, 01:05 AM
My nails grow freakish fast and I use them as "tools" to tighten screws and such. I guess my nails and hair are comparable in those points, both are growing fast and relatively strong.
Caxikian
February 20th, 2009, 01:27 AM
My nails are thick,strong & grow super fast. My hair is thick, strong & grows normal to fast(some months it grows fast & other months it grows normal) but not as fast as my nails. It would be great if my hair grew as fast as my nails then I would have waist length (my goal) hair within 6 months or less :D
<She>
February 20th, 2009, 06:11 AM
My hair is mostly medium thickness of the strand, but I have some fine and coarse too. It grows at an average/medium speed, but I have no clue what that speed is. It's mostly strong and sometimen it lacks moisture.
My nails are very strong and flexible, and I grow them long and maintain them. They rarely break, unless I'm being very oblivious and uncarefull. They are not brittle or dry or thin, and grow at medium/fast speed.
rhubarbarin
February 20th, 2009, 07:40 AM
I have exceptionally strong, hard and fast-growing nails, always have (it's wasted on me as I keep them trimmed to nothing).
My hair is on the thin side of average, 2.5" circ, although I think 3" is a possibility in the future, grows a little above average yearly, and is pretty shiny for lighter hair, but it seems very sensitive and easily damaged even though it's not fine (I am pretty sure). I wish my hair was as thick and fast-growing as my nails!
viking_quest
February 20th, 2009, 08:25 AM
My hair is strong but my nails aren't, in fact, almost all of the times I've had a broken nail it's because of my hair.
AJoifulNoise
February 20th, 2009, 08:52 AM
My hair is strong and resilient. It can be colored, coned, sulphated, etc and it still comes out in good shape.
My nails are another story. They are thin and brittle. They must have some kind of strengthener or polish if I want to grow them out past my finger tips (though I don't like them that way). When I was younger I had problems with them tearing. When I paint them then remove the paint they are prone to peeling. So, I can either keep them painted or not. Nothing in between really. And I always keep them short.
ETA: They both grow rather fast.
JamieLeigh
February 20th, 2009, 09:32 AM
Mine are actually very different. My hair is thin and fine, but my nails are thick and actually a little hard to trim with regular clippers. (I have to have them done professionally, or I'd probably end up with spiky places...not that it wouldn't be awesome to have spiky nails...but I still have to change diapers)
Coriander
February 20th, 2009, 02:26 PM
My nails grow relatively quickly - I cut and file them back probably once a month or else I get annoyed with them catching on things.
My hair on the other hand, I wouldn't mind if it grew a little now and then :laugh:
I've been taking GNC's UltraNourishHair for about a month and have noticed a marked difference in my fingernails. They're much stronger. I'll measure my hair again in a week or so and find out if the vitamins have helped hair growth too.
My hair is fine textured, healthy and grows very fast. My nails also grow very fast, but they seem somewhat dry, and I tend to break them every so often. I like to keep them fairly short, no polish, no treatments, no nothing. I'd like to call it 'benign neglect', but that's not really true. (I'm just plain lazy. :o)
Hey, do you mean fingernails shouldn't be used as all-purpose tools? But they're great as screw drivers, putty knives, pliers, etc. Surely that cannot have anything to do with breakage, can it? :p
Charli800
February 21st, 2009, 01:52 AM
I wish my hair grew as fast as my nails! (Well, relatively). Both seem pretty healthy with a policy of benign neglect, really.
dearladydisdain
February 21st, 2009, 10:11 AM
My hair is thick, and my hair and nails are both strong and grow quickly.
_anya
June 25th, 2019, 07:09 PM
Resurrecting this 10+ year old thread because my nails grow suuuper fast, always have grown ridiculously fast compared to most of my peers. I don’t do anything special with them either other than having to cut them at least once a week lol. My hair on the other hand? Suuuuuper slow, like slower than average I would say, and it’s always seemed that way but possibly even slower after I hit my 30s despite no change in my fingernail growth. I just wish I could trade some of my speedy nail growth to my hair. Anyone know why there could be such a difference nail growth vs hair growth rate?
FWIW, my nails are fine like my hair but rather strong. My mother said she had to cut my nails constantly because they grew so quickly and being baby fine, she was always worrying I’d injure myself after I inadvertently “sliced” my cheek in my sleep as a baby with my sharp talons. Is it a keratin imbalance possibly? Biotin makes them grow even crazier but I’ve never noticed if it does much for my hair as I can’t take biotin long term before I start breaking out on my chin.
Begemot
June 26th, 2019, 01:15 AM
My hair is fine/medium and average thickness. I'd say my nails are pretty strong. Both hair and nails probably grow just average rate but it feels like my nails grow way too quickly.
Hair - Grows long (average speed), on the dry side and is prone to damage. M/ii.
Nail - Strong and can grow long in not too much time. Gets dry if I'm not careful (I work with cleaning) and that's when they get damaged (they crack instead of breaking right of). Quite thick and strong, but also flexible. I do use them as tools!
Six Seeds
June 26th, 2019, 02:54 PM
Resurrecting this 10+ year old thread because my nails grow suuuper fast, always have grown ridiculously fast compared to most of my peers. I don’t do anything special with them either other than having to cut them at least once a week lol. My hair on the other hand? Suuuuuper slow, like slower than average I would say, and it’s always seemed that way but possibly even slower after I hit my 30s despite no change in my fingernail growth. I just wish I could trade some of my speedy nail growth to my hair. Anyone know why there could be such a difference nail growth vs hair growth rate?
I just saw this today after I'd already posted, oops! From what I've read, hair technically grows faster than nails but nails grow continuously whereas hair has a cycle. This might explain why nails appear to grow faster than hair.
Siv
June 29th, 2019, 01:26 AM
Really fine hairs and prone to breakage, but it does grow long
Really brittle nails that I keep short or with acrylic because when they break it hurtsss + I've not the same interest for nail care as I do for hair care
Messyhair95
July 5th, 2019, 10:35 AM
I tend to bite my nails and skin around it. Hair is in good shape.
Green leaves
July 8th, 2019, 03:11 AM
They're not healthy enough but my nails are more likely to be put to work and I don't like them long do they get a lot more regular trims.
leayellena
July 10th, 2019, 02:11 PM
Did someone tried coconut oiling their nails? I read that nail hardeners are made of plastic.
NeonPink
July 10th, 2019, 03:26 PM
I never used coconut oil but I use sweet almond oil regularly on my nails and it keeps them from breaking when they get too hard. Nail hardeners aren't good for nails (unless yours are very soft and bendy) because it can make them too hard and if nails dont have some bend to them they just snap.
I use almond oil cause its easy for me to get and its cheap, but I've heard the best nail oil to use is jojoba oil
queencarrion
July 25th, 2019, 01:38 PM
My nails are very strong and healthy and I do think it's because I focus on having a good diet. Massaging oils into my hair probably helps too. If I wasn't a musician I would probably grow them out really long and shape them pretty, but that isn't in the cards.
Has anyone on here ever tried using henna to do a long-lasting stain on their nails?
lapushka
July 25th, 2019, 04:06 PM
Has anyone on here ever tried using henna to do a long-lasting stain on their nails?
Some do do that, I don't know anyone on here that does, though.
Currently my nails are doing pretty well, except a few on my right hand that have broken off quite short (painfully short).
MusicalSpoons
July 25th, 2019, 05:47 PM
Has anyone on here ever tried using henna to do a long-lasting stain on their nails?
Not me personally but the majority of the kids and women where I used to work :) it is long-lasting, because you don't shed your nails like you shed skin cells so just like on hair, it needs to be grown out or cut off. I guess it would be a really easy alternative to nail polish! Easy-peasy to maintain.
leafygreens18
July 28th, 2019, 04:38 PM
I'm a terrible nail biter shudder:shudder: I know it's terrible but it's a habit picked up from family. Usually I can stop biting for threeish weeks and start seeing some serious growth but then I get nervous and someone says something and I bite them all off. I always say "Oh this time I wont give up" but it's seriously hard. I want long beautiful nails to paint that will look elegant against my rings etc! I'm trying to do the "what would happen if this time you didn't give up thing. Hopeful hopeful.. I need like a nail biter rehab accountability forum.
lapushka
July 28th, 2019, 05:09 PM
I'm a terrible nail biter shudder:shudder: I know it's terrible but it's a habit picked up from family. Usually I can stop biting for threeish weeks and start seeing some serious growth but then I get nervous and someone says something and I bite them all off. I always say "Oh this time I wont give up" but it's seriously hard. I want long beautiful nails to paint that will look elegant against my rings etc! I'm trying to do the "what would happen if this time you didn't give up thing. Hopeful hopeful.. I need like a nail biter rehab accountability forum.
I bit mine for 30 odd years, then I just... stopped. I still don't know why. But now they're like over the skin on my hands. Except a few fingers on my right hand, the nails there keep breaking off for some reason (and growing upwards).
leafygreens18
July 30th, 2019, 12:52 PM
I bit mine for 30 odd years, then I just... stopped. I still don't know why. But now they're like over the skin on my hands. Except a few fingers on my right hand, the nails there keep breaking off for some reason (and growing upwards).
Wow great work lapushka! It's super icky but I really just need to keep my hands OUT OF MY MOUTH. I'm the worst about it. If I can just leave them alone its fine, but if I'm running my teeth under them etc etc I'll end up biting them so I just need to NOT touch them |
Copper-based reactions in analyte-responsive fluorescent probes for biological applications.
Copper chemistry has been capitalized on in a wide spectrum of biological events. The central importance of copper in biology lies in the diverse chemical reactivity of the redox-active transition metal ranging from electron transfer, small molecule binding and activation, to catalysis. In addition to its many different roles in natural biological systems, the diverse chemical reactivity of copper also represents a rich opportunity and resource to develop synthetic bioanalytical tools for the study of biologically important species and molecules. In this mini-review, fluorescent probes featuring a specific copper-based chemical reaction to selectively detect a biologically relevant analyte will be discussed. In particular, fluorescent probes for sensing labile copper ions, amino acids and small reactive species will be highlighted. The chemical principles, advantages and limitations of the different types of copper-mediated chemical reactions in these fluorescent probes will be emphasized. |
// DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - it is machine generated -*- c++ -*-
#ifndef __java_rmi_UnmarshalException__
#define __java_rmi_UnmarshalException__
#pragma interface
#include <java/rmi/RemoteException.h>
extern "Java"
{
namespace java
{
namespace rmi
{
class UnmarshalException;
}
}
}
class java::rmi::UnmarshalException : public ::java::rmi::RemoteException
{
public:
UnmarshalException(::java::lang::String *);
UnmarshalException(::java::lang::String *, ::java::lang::Exception *);
private:
static const jlong serialVersionUID = 594380845140740218LL;
public:
static ::java::lang::Class class$;
};
#endif // __java_rmi_UnmarshalException__
|
Size-Dependent Biodistribution of lodinated Oil Nanoemulsions Observed by Dual-Modal Imaging in Rats.
Sizes of nanoscale contrast agents play an important role in targeting specific organs and distribution in organisms. lodinated oil nanoemulsions with uniform size distribution and containing indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent dye (25 nm, 60 nm, 100 nm) were synthesized by stirring, combined with ultrasonic emulsification technique. Rats were intravenously injected with the iodinated oil nanoemulsions with different sizes, used as contrast agents, and investigated with enhanced computed tomography (CT) and fluorescence imaging. Through experiments, the distribution and metabolism of the contrast agents in rat's bodies were studied, and their influence on enhanced CT imaging of different organs was compared. The results demonstrated that target accumulating organs for the iodinated oil nanoemulsions were liver and spleen, with obvious dosage-dependence. Large sized nanoemulsion preferred to accumulate into spleen, and liver, and the phagocytosis was getting weaker with the decrease of the nanoemulsion size. The CT imaging of the inferior vena cava was rapidly enhanced and reached the highest point after administration of the nanoemulsion. The nanoemulsion gradually gathered and metabolized in the spleen and liver, resulting in rapidly decreased CT imaging, with weak rebound, of the inferior vena cava. |
SDP-2 Stage Piano by Gear4Music
We hope you enjoy and find value in the products we review. FYI we may receive a small commission if you buy through the links on this page. This does not influence what products we recommend and all our suggestions are made after an independent review process.
The SDP-2 Stage Piano by Gear4Music is the perfect starter kit for anyone looking to learn how to play a digital piano. Not only does it include a great 88-key digital piano, but also stereo headphones, a bench, stand, and sustain pedal.
This is pretty much everything you could need to get started playing keyboard. The stand and bench allow for comfortable practice at home, while the headphones give the benefit of practising in silence, which most beginners will come to appreciate.
The inclusion of the sustain pedal is a great addition too. While someone learning to play may not need this initially, the ability to use the pedal for increased expression is something that will eventually become very useful for new players.
Moreover, you don’t need to use the SDP-2 with the included stand. It’s easy to remove, and the lightweight and compact design make it simple to travel with.
This is a must for beginners, as being able to take your keyboard to school, lessons, and practice is a huge benefit – nothing puts you off from learning than needing to humph around a heavy keyboard!
Another important feature for beginners is to have a full range of keys. The SDP-2 comes with an 88-key design, allowing beginners to come to grips with a full keyboard from the offset.
While some feel it’s easier to teach on a 61-key digital piano when starting out, it’s better to experience a full range of keys as soon as possible, as it won’t limit your playing ability and technique.
This may even be suitable for experienced players. For example, if you only play on an acoustic piano, having an affordable 88-key digital piano is a good way to improve your technique from the comfort of home.
What’s more, the 88-keys are weighted, which helps to give the touch and feel of an acoustic piano. Weighted keys are great for beginners, as it means you can feel how weighted keys make a difference, including pressing hard on higher registers and softer on lower registers.
Anyone that wants to eventually play classic music on an acoustic piano will only benefit from using a keyboard with weighted keys like with the SDP-2.
In terms of sound, the overall quality of the SDP-2 is quite impressive, being played through four integrated speakers.
There are eight tones to play around with, and each one is rich and smooth, namely with the two acoustic piano tones. Beyond this, you some standard sounds, including two electric pianos, two organs (rock and church style), along with a vibraphone and harpsicord.
These tones allow for a wide range of musical styles to be played on the SDP-2, which is great for beginners looking to play around with different styles. Additionally, there is a chorus and reverb effect that produces a quality sound not unlike those found in live venues.
Outputs included with the SDP-2 allow the keyboard to become quite versatile. For instance, it’s possible to connect to a mixer or amplifier with the stereo output, while the headphone output lets you practice in peace -and the headphones are included with the keyboard!
Furthermore, the USB output means the SDP-2 connects to computers. This is quite a good feature for anyone looking for a MIDI controller, as the SDP-2 is very affordable and lightweight, making it ideal for recording, whether at home or a studio.
This also lets you record any performance from the SDP-2, which is certainly useful for beginner’s, as they can play back their performances for taking notes, while also learning how to edit music on a computer – great for any burgeoning producers!
The SDP-2 Stage Piano by Gear5Music is an excellent digital piano for beginners. Not only does it have an 88 fully weight keyboard, but also a host of accessories that are perfect for getting started with.
It’s a great model for using at home and using on the move, whether going to lessons or rehearsals, and the overall sound quality and selection of tones make it fine first-time keyboard. Plus, it’s got a very reasonable price, especially for all the accessories that are included! |
In vivo effects of ApoE and clusterin on amyloid-beta metabolism and neuropathology.
The epsilon4 allele of apolipoprotein E APOE is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and the epsilon2 allele is associated with a decreased risk for AD. There is strong evidence to suggest that a major, if not the main, mechanism underlying the link between apoE and both AD and CAA is related to the ability of apoE to interact with the amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide and influence its clearance, aggregation, and conformation. In addition to a number of in vitro studies supporting this concept, in vivo studies with amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice indicate that apoE and a related molecule, clusterin (also called apolipoprotein J), have profound effects on the onset of Abeta deposition, as well as the local toxicity associated with Abeta deposits both in the brain parenchyma and in cerebral blood vessels. Taken together, these studies suggest that altering the expression of apoE and clusterin in the brain or the interactions between these molecules and Abeta would alter AD pathogenesis and provide new therapeutic avenues for prevention or treatment of CAA and AD. |
FOX Sports’ lead soccer analyst and member of the National Soccer Hall of Fame talks about how the 1994 World Cup changed his life, expectations for the 2018 World Cup We’re less than a month away from the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, which will begin June 14 on FOX. This also means we’re
This week’s recap of news about 21st Century Fox and its businesses includes Fox Television Group Chairman and CEO Gary Newman at INTV, “Family Guy” airing without ad breaks this Sunday, a look at the marketing for “Love, Simon” (now playing in theaters) and more. Fox’s Gary Newman on potential ’24’ comeback; renewal possibilities for
There are only 100 days to go until the start of the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, and that means FOX Sports’ marketing efforts are about to ramp up in a meaningful way. There have been a couple times when the network dropped some strategic messaging during the NFC Championship game and a year
FOX Sports is collaborating with Twitter and Snapchat to bring fans exclusive content from the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia on those social media platforms. The World Cup begins in June, and it will be FOX Sports’ first presentation of the biggest tournament in sports. On Twitter, FOX Sports will stream an exclusive 30-minute
After nearly 900 games played between more than 200 nations over almost 1,000 days, the 2018 World Cup qualification process is finally over, and FOX Sports is less than 200 days away from its first World Cup presentation. The 32 countries that will play in the big tournament hosted in Russia have finished a long
Last month FOX Sports Latin America acquired the broadcasting rights to six of the 16 teams in Liga MX Femenil, a Mexican women’s league. The champion was determined last week in a two-part final broadcast exclusively on FS2: On Monday, Nov. 20, Pachuca defeated Chivas 2-0; on Friday, Nov. 24, Chivas defeated Pachuca 3-0 to
FOX Sports is participating in the Global Sports Mentoring Program (GSMP) for the first time this year. The initiative, launched by the U.S. Department of State, organizes one-month mentorships for emerging women leaders from around the world each year in the hopes of empowering them to better serve their local communities through the power of
With host nation Ghana’s 4-1 victory over Nigeria in the final match on Sunday, Sept. 24, the inaugural West African Football Union (WAFU) Cup of Nations tournament came to a close. This new sporting event was broadcast in 22 countries in Africa, and distributed to more than 125 million FOX Sports subscribers across Africa, Europe,
After disappointing performances in its first two World Cup qualifying Final Round matches, the U.S. Men’s National Team is in an unexpected position of vulnerability heading into its next qualifying match against Honduras on Friday, March 24, in San Jose. Rob Stone, the lead studio host for FOX Sports’ soccer programming, says you have to
On Friday, Nov. 1, 1996, FOX Deportes launched in the U.S., becoming the country’s first Spanish-language sports network. Today, FOX Deportes celebrates its 20th anniversary and endeavors to serve an ever-evolving audience with a changing appetite for sports. To learn about what the milestone means to the network and what the future may hold, I |
Cleanliness and sanitation are two hallmarks of civilization. Many centuries ago, the Roman empire constructed aquaducts and rudimentary sewage systems to carry water into Rome and carry waste away. Early Puritans here in America, claimed that "cleanliness is next to Godliness". The rate of post-operative deaths dropped dramatically when it was established that sterilization of the doctor's hands and of the operation site before the operation had a direct relation to the patient's recovery. Therefore, cleanliness makes sense to most people for a variety of reasons: the appearance of cleanliness is appealing; cleanliness signifies a degree of refinement; and cleanliness is necessary for sound hygene and sanitary practices.
Today in western civilization, most of us are accustomed to and expect cleanliness in homes, hotels, and even the service stations that we frequent. A filthy washroom in a commercial establishment is both disgusting and unforgettable, particularly if it is in a restaurant. Over the years, many national oils companies have realized the positive attraction of clean restrooms in their service stations and consequently base a portion of their advertising budget on a claim for spotless washrooms. Other commercial establishments have followed suit, realizing that spotless restroom facilities are essential not only for health reasons, but also as a statement of the general service to their customers, by they diners, hotel guests, or movie watchers.
In the domestic area, housewives and single people are also concerned with maintaining a clean bathroom. Again, there is the omnipresent concern for health reasons, particularly if there are small children present in the home. No American is unaware of the state of the bathroom when visitors arrive: the proliferation of toilet bowl cleaners, deodorizers, and blueing agents on the market attest to the public's desire for a clean bathroom.
Unfortunately, due to the basic design of the toilet, it is difficult to keep it clean for any period of time. The area around the inside rim of the toilet bowl is virtually inaccessible, and invites the lodging and multiplication of waste bacteria and germs. Therefore, even a toilet that looks clean may not be truly sterile, as the bacteria clings to the underside of the rim. The more clean this troublesome area is, the longer the entire toilet bowl looks and stays clean.
It is known in the prior art to use a brush and caustic cleaning compound to achieve manual cleaning of soiled porcelain surfaces of the toilet bowl. |
Retro tanga briefs in red
Retromatti Athletics retro briefs will take you back to the 70s and 80s with contrast piping, a retro woven waistband, and a working front fly. It's a vintage classic brief style brought back with a modern side-seamless construction and the comfort of 100% combed cotton material. Handmade in Toronto, Canada by Matti Charlton.
The fly works and the elastic bound in the piping and at the waistband is made to last. Check out the retro-style waistband, too! |
Prostate specific antigen reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay in preoperative staging of prostate cancer.
Extracapsular extension of prostate cancer occurs in a significant number of men believed to have clinically localized disease. We report the ability of the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to predict preoperatively the pathological stage of cases of clinically localized prostate cancer. Since October 1994, 82 consecutive men with clinically localized prostate cancer had a venous blood RT-PCR assessment before radical retropubic prostatectomy. The extracted ribonucleic acid was reverse transcribed, amplified and the amplicon identity confirmed by prostate specific antigen (PSA) directed probe hybridization. An additional 31 patients were enrolled to provide appropriate positive (T + Nx/1M2) and negative (human female and benign prostatic hyperplasia) controls. Histological examination of the entire prostatectomy specimen was performed. Positive RT-PCR assay results correlated significantly with skeletal metastases and elevated levels of serum PSA but they did not significantly improve our ability to identify prospectively patients with extracapsular extension over traditional predictors (serum PSA, Gleason score). The role of molecular techniques in prostate cancer evaluation and prognosis continues to emerge. However, in our study we demonstrate no significant advantage in preoperative staging of prostate cancer using RT-PCR assay with PSA primers. |
Previously known as The Noble House of Akerson. There's a vampire that stalks Angelie Jeinstein's villiage, preying on the young women of the clan. As a priestess it's Angelie's job to prevent the attacks. Full summary in Profile. Please review!
With a heavy sigh the priestess turned to face the south. Shadows danced in the absence of the Sun, twisting in an intricate dance with one another, and joining with the dim light the fire gave out. A small shudder began at the base of her spine, traveling up her body and giving her goose flesh. She rubbed her arms quickly to try and get rid of it. He was there, in the south, waiting for the Sun to truly disappear before he came out to hunt. The woman turned away, and instead she focused her attention on the young woman under her care. Said girl ran up to the Priestess, and opened her clasped hands. A little bird peeked out cautiously, its beady eyes fixating on the Priestess.
"Fiona I did it!" The young woman said happily, her face glowing with pride. Fiona smiled and held her wrinkled hands out for the bird to hop into. With a little hesitation the young animal did so, still looking at Fiona.
"That's excellent Angelie. You can go now and do as you please. Just remember what you learned today."
Angelie nodded and, without a further glance, ran off towards a small hut, flinging the cloth door open and disappearing inside. Fiona walked over towards a tall tree and placed the bird on the lowest branch gently, watching the little animal walk down the lean wood awkwardly. Fiona turned away, her mind still processing the information that the clan leader, Baron, had told her several hours before. The last girl had been taken last night while they all slept, the fifth one that month. He couldn't be controlled, and no matter what they tried he wouldn't stop. If anything, it just made matters worse whenever they tried to reason with him.
Fiona walked over to Baron's tent, knocking softly on the side before walking inside. He looked up quickly to see who it was before turning his attention back to a piece of paper in his hands. She looked over his shoulder at it, loopy handwriting stretching leisurely across the paper in black ink.
"He won't stop will he?" She said softly.
Baron read aloud from the paper, "'Dear Clan Members, I have decided not to do as you ask me to. What I choose to do with the women of yours and other clans is my own business, and it would be wise for you not to get involved. I do deeply regret that it has come to this, but the next time you attempt to stop me I will take a harsh course of action that you will not like. Sincerely, James Akerson'" The man scoffed loudly, "Who does he think he is, honestly? He talks to us like we're some class beneath him, as if we're uneducated animals who can be easily bullied."
Fiona nodded and pardoned herself from the tent to leave Baron to his brooding self. A plan was developing in her mind. Her eyes fell upon Angelie and a young man beside her. William Cooper, son of Elizabeth and Edward Cooper. The two had been friends since they had found out that the opposite gender did not have 'cooties'. The memory brought a small smile to her face. William was staring at Angelie, his face in rapt concentration at whatever she was telling him. Angelie smiled at him kindly, leaning over to kiss him gently on the cheek. The boy blushed bright red, making Angelie laugh. Fiona hurried her pace, all but ripping open the cloth door to her hut. In her haste she accidentally knocked down the cloth but her attention was elsewhere.
She quickly preoccupied herself with searching for an old book, tearing her room apart in order to find it.
"Aha! There you are," Fiona said when her hand clasped the spine of the book. Several of the pages were falling out so she flipped through them with care.
"Lets see, where is that spell?" She asked herself. She sat down, still looking through it, a small smile washing across her face when she found it.
"Lets see. Banishing Spell requirements, a full moon, black clothing preferably a black dress for priestesses or a black robe for a priest," she read aloud, eyes scanning the page. The conditions were perfect for the spell, all requirements easily filled. Even the age was easy. But to do it meant to put Angelie at risk. Fiona looked over at the girl through the open doorway in her hut. Her brow furrowed. She had to go through with it.
"Angelie, can you come here love?" The woman called out. Angelie looked over at her and nodded, excusing herself from William and walking over.
"What is it Fiona?"
"You are aware of the current situation we have with the vampire, correct?" Fiona asked, avoiding the question. Angelie answered yes, and Fiona went to explain further, "Would you be willing to participate in a ritual to banish him?"
"Yes, of course," Angelie said, "You don't need to ask, I'll do it if it helps."
Fiona stood up smiling, "Good girl. Let's go get you fit for some clothing then, shall we?" Angelie agreed and walked with the elder woman to the Clan's seamstress.
Several hours later Angelie stood within a circle made of stones, her arms thrown up in the air. Fiona watched onward as the young priestess recited the words Fiona had taught her. Angelie's eyes were closed in a sign of meditation, her breathing uneven as the adrenaline of the spell rushed through her body. Everyone was within their huts, giving the two priestesses their space for the ritual.
What was next Fiona could hardly tell. All there seemed to be time for was a scream right before something was shoved in to her throat, choking her. Angelie's eyes snapped open and her scream echoed after Fiona's. The men of the clan poured out just as the intruder grabbed a hold of Angelie.
The author would like to thank you for your continued support. Your review has been posted. |
Anti-nociceptive activity of aqueous fraction from the MeOH extracts of Paederia scandens in mice.
We examined the effects of the aqueous fraction (AF) on nociception models mice induced by the chemical and the thermal stimuli so as to elucidate the analgesic activity and provide scientific basis for the clinical use of Paederia scandens. The AF of MeOH extract from P. scandens was evaluated on anti-nociceptive activity in mice using chemical and thermal models of nociception. Given orally, the aqueous fraction at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg produced significant inhibitions on chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal acetic acid and subplantar formalin injections and on thermal nociception in the tail-flick test and in the hot plate test. More significant inhibition of nociception was observed at dose of 800 mg/kg of this fraction. In the pentobarbital sodium -induced sleeping time test and the open-field test, the aqueous fraction neither significantly enhanced the pentobarbital sodium -induced sleeping time nor impaired the motor performance, indicating that the observed anti-nociception was unlikely due to sedation or motor abnormality. These results suggested that the aqueous fraction produced anti-nociception possibly related to the iridoid glycosides and polysaccharides in this fraction. |
Exploring the optimal site for the localization of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in brain stimulation experiments.
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a common target for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) experiments and therapeutic protocols. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal method for the localization of DLPFC for use in these studies. Twelve healthy subjects underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, a TMS procedure to establish the location of the motor cortex and a neuronavigational procedure to assess the relative position of the DLPFC. Several electroencephalographic (EEG) points and a position 5 cm anterior to motor cortex were established. The DLPFC site used was identified as being approximately halfway between the EEG points F3 and AF3. This point is considerably more anterior than the point identified by measuring 5 cm anterior to motor cortex. EEG points provide a useful way to optimally identify DLPFC. |
Genetic factors in seizures: a population-based study of 47,626 US, Norwegian and Danish twin pairs.
The purpose of the study was to describe a large sample of twins reporting a history of seizures, to characterize seizures in the three subpopulations, and to estimate the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in seizure occurrence. Seizure history was determined by questionnaires completed by twins in population-based twin registries in the United States, Norway and Denmark. Concordance rates were calculated for all seizure categories within and across twin populations. Of 47,626 twin pairs evaluated, 6234 reported a history of seizures in one or both twins. Concordance rates were significantly higher for monozygotic (MZ) versus dizygotic (DZ)pairs for all seizure categories within and across populations. The results of this study involving the largest unselected, population-based sample of twins with seizures assembled to date confirm the importance of genetic factors in determining risk for epilepsy, febrile seizures, other seizures and staring spells. This sample is likely to provide an important resource for studying the genetics of epilepsy subtypes and febrile seizures. |
Opinion: ‘Just Say No’ is Not Enough
I am tired of hearing there is no money on federal or state levels for things like education, health care and birth control. There’s plenty of money to carry out a ten-year assassination campaign on Osama Bin Laden, a man who’s death I’m not sure is impacting my life. And there’s money to subsidize crops like corn and soy, the growers of which are making money hand-over-fist. But not enough for children.
I am outraged by threatened funding cuts to Planned Parenthood in the midst of sky-high teen pregnancy rates. Outraged by the $50 million federal that will be spent this year on abstinence-based sex education, which has been proved by our government’s own studies to be ineffective. Outraged by politicians dictating morality and ignoring the reality of so many teenagers’ lives.
Every one-and-a-half hours a 16-year-old gives birth in the state of Texas. Every 52 minutes a 17-year-old gives birth. Unwanted pregnancy costs the state of Texas $1.3 million every year. Texas has the highest rate of repeat births to teens of any state in the nation, and the third highest teen pregnancy rate overall. Children born to teenage mothers are more likely to end up in prison, less likely to attend college. Not surprisingly, they are also more likely to end up being teen parents themselves.
These teenagers who are having babies have grown up under abstinence-based education programs that gained popularity in the 1990s. In 2009 Texas received the most federal money for abstinence-based education.
We need to wake up. The answer is not to just tell teenagers not to have sex. “Just Say No” didn’t work for drugs, and it doesn’t work for sexual education, either. As parents we are charged with passing on our values to our children. But just because we tell and hopefully demonstrate what we believe is appropriate doesn’t mean our teens are going to follow our advice. You were a teenager, right? Many adult pastors, politicians and regular every day married people have a hard time remaining chaste these days, yet we expect teenagers with raging hormones and still-developing prefrontal cortices all to remain virgins.
Teenagers are their own people. They are going to make choices for themselves that we may not agree with. In those moments they need to have all the facts. We should tell them to call for a ride if they choose to drink, and we should tell them to use condoms if they choose to have sex.
A comprehensive sex-education program does teach that abstinence is the only way to completely avoid pregnancy and STD’s. But it also includes information on how to be as safe as possible if teens do decide to have sex. It gives them all the facts they need. And they need them because 52 percent of high school students are having sex.
I have a friend who volunteered as a teen for Planned Parenthood, traveling around doing skits about safe sex. She remained a virgin even though she had plethora of information about safe sex at her fingertips and access to all the condoms a girl could need. The Guttmacher Institute published a study this year saying that teens who are taught a comprehensive sex education program are not confused when taught about both abstinence and birth control. They are not more likely to have sex than teens who are taught abstinence-only education. They are just more informed.
We need to stand up for our children, educate them instead of ignoring them, tell them and demonstrate our own values in our own homes, and show them with our tax dollars that the comprehensive education of their minds and bodies is of the utmost importance. |
Q:
How to capture search characters without its surrounding search condition characters?
I have a string that looks like this:
Hello Hello Hello<br>Hello Hello <br> hello hello
I'm trying to capture those <br> that are surrounded by characters using regex. So from the example string above, I should only capture the first <br> instance, and not the second one. I tried using this:
\w(<br/>)\w
But I am capturing the ends this: o<br>H
How can I get regex to capture only the <br> and not the surround characters as well?
A:
You can use look-around:
(?<=\w)<br>(?=\w)
(I'm not sure what the / was doing in your regex)
Though most languages allow you to extract the things you put in brackets, in which case you can leave your regex as is and just extract the first group (which would correspond to the first (and only) thing in brackets).
Explanation, courtesy of this site:
NODE EXPLANATION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?<= look behind to see if there is:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\w word characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) end of look-behind
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<br> '<br>'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(?= look ahead to see if there is:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\w word characters (a-z, A-Z, 0-9, _)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) end of look-ahead
|
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to explosively formed penetrator warheads of the type used to attack an armor protected target and, more specifically, to an improved method and apparatus for assuring the explosive formation of a penetrator having aerodynamically stabilizing fins to form a more effective penetrator.
2. Prior Art
The explosively formed penetrator (EFP) warhead also known as explosively formed projectile, self forging fragment, Misznay-Schardin Charge, and the P-charge employs the method of explosively forming a metal liner into a single compact fragment and projecting it at armored targets at extremely high velocity. Upon impacting the target in excess of 2000 m/s an EFP deposits an enormous amount of kinetic energy at extremely high rates.
It is well known in the armor piercing projectile art to provide a deformable metallic insert (often called a warhead liner) for a hollow charge armor piercing projectile wherein the liner is collapsed by the detonation of the charge into an elongated dart-shaped projectile capable of penetrating the shell of an armored vehicle or the like. Inserts of this type have been disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,217,647 and 3,732,816.
The earliest published demonstration of such a device was by R. W. Wood in 1936. During the early to mid-seventies, EFP technology escalated significantly, primarily because of two simultaneous developments: (1) the success of computer simulation techniques to model the EFP device, and (2) several system concepts sponsored by both the Army and Air Force that used EFP technology. This work demonstrated that virtually all practical axisymmetric shapes can be explosively formed by varying the contour and thickness profile of the metal liner in the proper way. In fact, many shapes, such as compact spheroids, long rods, hollow cups, and rods with a conical flare for aerodynamic stability have been demonstrated.
It is also well known in the art to provide such insert or liners with exotic shapes or material variations which are designed to produce wing stubs or rear end flares upon full deformation of the penetrator, for aerodynamically stabilizing the projectile in flight to increase its penetration performance.
The addition of forming fins as a means of providing aerodynamic stability to an EFP has several advantages over the conventional drag cone or flared tail. By replacing the drag cone with fins aerodynamic drag is reduced increasing terminal velocity at current state-of-the-art standoffs or increasing the current standoffs with no loss in terminal velocity. Also by forming fins additional liner material is concentrated towards the EFP's axis of symmetry, hence, increasing its penetration capability over that of an EFP with a hollow flare. In addition it is known that every EFP has some degree of nonsymmetry in the flare due to random buckling during formation. With fins the EFP is buckled in a controlled manner hence, decreasing random buckling and increasing formation repeatability. Finally by inducing spin into the EFP by canting the fins aimpoint accuracy is increased over that of the conventional flared EFP.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,590,861 the disclosed insert is provided with a non-constant or varying material thickness extending in the centripetal direction in which the insert incorporates peripherally mutually offset centripetally extending zones with a material thickness which is constant in the centripetal direction and which alternate with centripetally extending zones having a non-constant varying material thickness. Similarly, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,714,019, the insert comprises a flat disk having differing material properties in the inner and outer regions which result in varying dynamic material behavior during explosion deformation. In the disclosed embodiment, the outer regions of the flat disk have a greater material hardness than the central regions of the disk.
Unfortunately, each such prior art liner while being advantageous from the standpoint of producing trajectory stabilizing rear end formations during the explosive forming process, presents significant disadvantages from the standpoint of production and cost. Such exotic variations in material shape or hardness or other such parameters require special time consuming and costly production processes as compared to a substantially uniform thickness and simply shaped liner. There has therefore been a long felt need for an explosively formed penetrator liner apparatus and method of production which provides the aforementioned advantages of rear end aerodynamically stabilizing fins or the like, but without the production and cost disadvantages of the prior art. |
// Copyright (c) 2014 AlphaSierraPapa for the SharpDevelop Team
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
// software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
// without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
// publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons
// to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or
// substantial portions of the Software.
//
// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
// INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE
// FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
// OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
// DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using ICSharpCode.Core;
using ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop;
using ICSharpCode.SharpDevelop.Gui;
using ICSharpCode.Svn.Gui;
using SharpSvn;
using SharpSvn.UI;
namespace ICSharpCode.Svn
{
/// <summary>
/// A wrapper around the subversion library.
/// </summary>
public sealed class SvnClientWrapper : IDisposable
{
#region status->string conversion
static string GetKindString(SvnNodeKind kind)
{
switch (kind) {
case SvnNodeKind.Directory:
return "directory ";
case SvnNodeKind.File:
return "file ";
default:
return null;
}
}
public static string GetActionString(SvnChangeAction action)
{
switch (action) {
case SvnChangeAction.Add:
return GetActionString(SvnNotifyAction.CommitAdded);
case SvnChangeAction.Delete:
return GetActionString(SvnNotifyAction.CommitDeleted);
case SvnChangeAction.Modify:
return GetActionString(SvnNotifyAction.CommitModified);
case SvnChangeAction.Replace:
return GetActionString(SvnNotifyAction.CommitReplaced);
default:
return "unknown";
}
}
static string GetActionString(SvnNotifyAction action)
{
switch (action) {
case SvnNotifyAction.Add:
case SvnNotifyAction.CommitAdded:
return "added";
case SvnNotifyAction.Copy:
return "copied";
case SvnNotifyAction.Delete:
case SvnNotifyAction.UpdateDelete:
case SvnNotifyAction.CommitDeleted:
return "deleted";
case SvnNotifyAction.Restore:
return "restored";
case SvnNotifyAction.Revert:
return "reverted";
case SvnNotifyAction.RevertFailed:
return "revert failed";
case SvnNotifyAction.Resolved:
return "resolved";
case SvnNotifyAction.Skip:
return "skipped";
case SvnNotifyAction.UpdateUpdate:
return "updated";
case SvnNotifyAction.UpdateExternal:
return "updated external";
case SvnNotifyAction.CommitModified:
return "modified";
case SvnNotifyAction.CommitReplaced:
return "replaced";
case SvnNotifyAction.LockFailedLock:
return "lock failed";
case SvnNotifyAction.LockFailedUnlock:
return "unlock failed";
case SvnNotifyAction.LockLocked:
return "locked";
case SvnNotifyAction.LockUnlocked:
return "unlocked";
default:
return "unknown";
}
}
#endregion
#region Cancel support
bool cancel;
public void Cancel()
{
cancel = true;
}
void client_Cancel(object sender, SvnCancelEventArgs e)
{
e.Cancel = cancel;
}
#endregion
SvnClient client;
public SvnClientWrapper()
{
Debug("SVN: Create SvnClient instance");
client = new SvnClient();
client.Notify += client_Notify;
client.Cancel += client_Cancel;
}
public void Dispose()
{
if (client != null)
client.Dispose();
client = null;
}
#region Authorization
bool authorizationEnabled;
bool allowInteractiveAuthorization;
public void AllowInteractiveAuthorization()
{
CheckNotDisposed();
if (!allowInteractiveAuthorization) {
allowInteractiveAuthorization = true;
SvnUI.Bind(client, SD.WinForms.MainWin32Window);
}
}
void OpenAuth()
{
if (authorizationEnabled)
return;
authorizationEnabled = true;
}
#endregion
#region Notifications
public event EventHandler<SubversionOperationEventArgs> OperationStarted;
public event EventHandler OperationFinished;
public event EventHandler<NotificationEventArgs> Notify;
void client_Notify(object sender, SvnNotifyEventArgs e)
{
if (Notify != null) {
Notify(this, new NotificationEventArgs() {
Action = GetActionString(e.Action),
Kind = GetKindString(e.NodeKind),
Path = e.Path
});
}
}
#endregion
[System.Diagnostics.ConditionalAttribute("DEBUG")]
static void Debug(string text)
{
LoggingService.Debug(text);
}
void CheckNotDisposed()
{
if (client == null)
throw new ObjectDisposedException("SvnClientWrapper");
}
void BeforeWriteOperation(string operationName)
{
BeforeReadOperation(operationName);
ClearStatusCache();
}
void BeforeReadOperation(string operationName)
{
// before any subversion operation, ensure the object is not disposed
// and register authorization if necessary
CheckNotDisposed();
OpenAuth();
cancel = false;
if (OperationStarted != null)
OperationStarted(this, new SubversionOperationEventArgs { Operation = operationName });
}
void AfterOperation()
{
// after any subversion operation, clear the memory pool
if (OperationFinished != null)
OperationFinished(this, EventArgs.Empty);
}
// We cache SingleStatus results because WPF asks our Condition several times
// per menu entry; and it would be extremely slow to hit the hard disk every time (SD2-1672)
Dictionary<string, Status> statusCache = new Dictionary<string, Status>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase);
public void ClearStatusCache()
{
CheckNotDisposed();
statusCache.Clear();
}
public Status SingleStatus(string filename)
{
filename = FileUtility.NormalizePath(filename);
Status result = null;
if (statusCache.TryGetValue(filename, out result)) {
Debug("SVN: SingleStatus(" + filename + ") = cached " + result.TextStatus);
return result;
}
Debug("SVN: SingleStatus(" + filename + ")");
BeforeReadOperation("stat");
try {
SvnStatusArgs args = new SvnStatusArgs {
Revision = SvnRevision.Working,
RetrieveAllEntries = true,
RetrieveIgnoredEntries = true,
Depth = SvnDepth.Empty
};
client.Status(
filename, args,
delegate (object sender, SvnStatusEventArgs e) {
Debug("SVN: SingleStatus.callback(" + e.FullPath + "," + e.LocalContentStatus + ")");
System.Diagnostics.Debug.Assert(filename.ToString().Equals(e.FullPath, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
result = new Status {
Copied = e.LocalCopied,
TextStatus = ToStatusKind(e.LocalContentStatus)
};
}
);
if (result == null) {
result = new Status {
TextStatus = StatusKind.None
};
}
statusCache.Add(filename, result);
return result;
} catch (SvnException ex) {
switch (ex.SvnErrorCode) {
case SvnErrorCode.SVN_ERR_WC_UPGRADE_REQUIRED:
result = new Status { TextStatus = StatusKind.None };
break;
case SvnErrorCode.SVN_ERR_WC_NOT_WORKING_COPY:
result = new Status { TextStatus = StatusKind.Unversioned };
break;
default:
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
}
statusCache.Add(filename, result);
return result;
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
static SvnDepth ConvertDepth(Recurse recurse)
{
if (recurse == Recurse.Full)
return SvnDepth.Infinity;
else
return SvnDepth.Empty;
}
public void Add(string filename, Recurse recurse)
{
Debug("SVN: Add(" + filename + ", " + recurse + ")");
BeforeWriteOperation("add");
try {
client.Add(filename, ConvertDepth(recurse));
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public string GetPropertyValue(string fileName, string propertyName)
{
Debug("SVN: GetPropertyValue(" + fileName + ", " + propertyName + ")");
BeforeReadOperation("propget");
try {
string propertyValue;
if (client.GetProperty(fileName, propertyName, out propertyValue))
return propertyValue;
else
return null;
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public void SetPropertyValue(string fileName, string propertyName, string newPropertyValue)
{
Debug("SVN: SetPropertyValue(" + fileName + ", " + propertyName + ", " + newPropertyValue + ")");
BeforeWriteOperation("propset");
try {
if (newPropertyValue != null)
client.SetProperty(fileName, propertyName, newPropertyValue);
else
client.DeleteProperty(fileName, propertyName);
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public void Delete(string[] files, bool force)
{
Debug("SVN: Delete(" + string.Join(",", files) + ", " + force + ")");
BeforeWriteOperation("delete");
try {
client.Delete(
files,
new SvnDeleteArgs {
Force = force
});
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public void Revert(string[] files, Recurse recurse)
{
Debug("SVN: Revert(" + string.Join(",", files) + ", " + recurse + ")");
BeforeWriteOperation("revert");
try {
client.Revert(
files,
new SvnRevertArgs {
Depth = ConvertDepth(recurse)
});
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public void Move(string from, string to, bool force)
{
Debug("SVN: Move(" + from + ", " + to + ", " + force + ")");
BeforeWriteOperation("move");
try {
client.Move(
from, to,
new SvnMoveArgs {
Force = force
});
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public void Copy(string from, string to)
{
Debug("SVN: Copy(" + from + ", " + to);
BeforeWriteOperation("copy");
try {
client.Copy(from, to);
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public void AddToIgnoreList(string directory, params string[] filesToIgnore)
{
Debug("SVN: AddToIgnoreList(" + directory + ", " + string.Join(",", filesToIgnore) + ")");
string propertyValue = GetPropertyValue(directory, "svn:ignore");
StringBuilder b = new StringBuilder();
if (propertyValue != null) {
using (StringReader r = new StringReader(propertyValue)) {
string line;
while ((line = r.ReadLine()) != null) {
if (line.Length > 0) {
b.AppendLine(line);
}
}
}
}
foreach (string file in filesToIgnore)
b.AppendLine(file);
SetPropertyValue(directory, "svn:ignore", b.ToString());
}
public void Log(string[] paths, Revision start, Revision end,
int limit, bool discoverChangePaths, bool strictNodeHistory,
Action<LogMessage> logMessageReceiver)
{
Debug("SVN: Log({" + string.Join(",", paths) + "}, " + start + ", " + end +
", " + limit + ", " + discoverChangePaths + ", " + strictNodeHistory + ")");
BeforeReadOperation("log");
try {
client.Log(
paths,
new SvnLogArgs {
Start = start,
End = end,
Limit = limit,
RetrieveChangedPaths = discoverChangePaths,
StrictNodeHistory = strictNodeHistory
},
delegate (object sender, SvnLogEventArgs e) {
try {
Debug("SVN: Log: Got revision " + e.Revision);
LogMessage msg = new LogMessage() {
Revision = e.Revision,
Author = e.Author,
Date = e.Time,
Message = e.LogMessage
};
if (discoverChangePaths) {
msg.ChangedPaths = new List<ChangedPath>();
foreach (var entry in e.ChangedPaths) {
msg.ChangedPaths.Add(new ChangedPath {
Path = entry.Path,
CopyFromPath = entry.CopyFromPath,
CopyFromRevision = entry.CopyFromRevision,
Action = entry.Action
});
}
}
logMessageReceiver(msg);
} catch (Exception ex) {
MessageService.ShowException(ex);
}
}
);
Debug("SVN: Log finished");
} catch (SvnOperationCanceledException) {
// allow cancel without exception
} catch (SvnException ex) {
throw new SvnClientException(ex);
} finally {
AfterOperation();
}
}
public Stream OpenBaseVersion(string fileName)
{
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
if (!this.client.Write(fileName, stream, new SvnWriteArgs() { Revision = SvnRevision.Base, ThrowOnError = false }))
return null;
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return stream;
}
public Stream OpenCurrentVersion(string fileName)
{
MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
if (!this.client.Write(fileName, stream, new SvnWriteArgs() { Revision = SvnRevision.Working }))
return null;
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
return stream;
}
public static bool IsInSourceControl(string fileName)
{
if (Commands.RegisterEventsCommand.CanBeVersionControlledFile(fileName)) {
StatusKind status = OverlayIconManager.GetStatus(fileName);
return status != StatusKind.None && status != StatusKind.Unversioned && status != StatusKind.Ignored;
} else {
return false;
}
}
static StatusKind ToStatusKind(SvnStatus kind)
{
switch (kind) {
case SvnStatus.Added:
return StatusKind.Added;
case SvnStatus.Conflicted:
return StatusKind.Conflicted;
case SvnStatus.Deleted:
return StatusKind.Deleted;
case SvnStatus.External:
return StatusKind.External;
case SvnStatus.Ignored:
return StatusKind.Ignored;
case SvnStatus.Incomplete:
return StatusKind.Incomplete;
case SvnStatus.Merged:
return StatusKind.Merged;
case SvnStatus.Missing:
return StatusKind.Missing;
case SvnStatus.Modified:
return StatusKind.Modified;
case SvnStatus.Normal:
return StatusKind.Normal;
case SvnStatus.NotVersioned:
return StatusKind.Unversioned;
case SvnStatus.Obstructed:
return StatusKind.Obstructed;
case SvnStatus.Replaced:
return StatusKind.Replaced;
default:
return StatusKind.None;
}
}
}
public class NotificationEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public string Action;
public string Kind;
public string Path;
}
public class SubversionOperationEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public string Operation;
}
public class LogMessage
{
public long Revision;
public string Author;
public DateTime Date;
public string Message;
public List<ChangedPath> ChangedPaths;
}
public class ChangedPath
{
public string Path;
public string CopyFromPath;
public long CopyFromRevision;
/// <summary>
/// change action ('A','D','R' or 'M')
/// </summary>
public SvnChangeAction Action;
}
public class Revision
{
SvnRevision revision;
public static readonly Revision Base = SvnRevision.Base;
public static readonly Revision Committed = SvnRevision.Committed;
public static readonly Revision Head = SvnRevision.Head;
public static readonly Revision Working = SvnRevision.Working;
public static readonly Revision Unspecified = SvnRevision.None;
public static Revision FromNumber(long number)
{
return new SvnRevision(number);
}
public static implicit operator SvnRevision(Revision r)
{
return r.revision;
}
public static implicit operator Revision(SvnRevision r)
{
return new Revision() { revision = r };
}
public override string ToString()
{
switch (revision.RevisionType) {
case SvnRevisionType.Base:
return "base";
case SvnRevisionType.Committed:
return "committed";
case SvnRevisionType.Time:
return revision.Time.ToString();
case SvnRevisionType.Head:
return "head";
case SvnRevisionType.Number:
return revision.Revision.ToString();
case SvnRevisionType.Previous:
return "previous";
case SvnRevisionType.None:
return "unspecified";
case SvnRevisionType.Working:
return "working";
default:
return "unknown";
}
}
}
public class Status
{
public bool Copied { get; set; }
public StatusKind TextStatus { get; set; }
}
public enum Recurse
{
None,
Full
}
public class SvnClientException : Exception
{
SvnErrorCode errorCode;
internal SvnClientException(SvnException ex) : base(ex.Message, ex)
{
this.errorCode = ex.SvnErrorCode;
LoggingService.Debug(ex);
}
/// <summary>
/// Gets the inner exception of the exception being wrapped.
/// </summary>
public Exception GetInnerException()
{
return InnerException.InnerException;
}
public bool IsKnownError(KnownError knownError)
{
return (int)errorCode == (int)knownError;
}
}
public enum KnownError
{
FileNotFound = SvnErrorCode.SVN_ERR_FS_NOT_FOUND,
CannotDeleteFileWithLocalModifications = SvnErrorCode.SVN_ERR_CLIENT_MODIFIED,
CannotDeleteFileNotUnderVersionControl = SvnErrorCode.SVN_ERR_UNVERSIONED_RESOURCE
}
public enum StatusKind
{
None,
Added,
Conflicted,
Deleted,
Modified,
Replaced,
External,
Ignored,
Incomplete,
Merged,
Missing,
Obstructed,
Normal,
Unversioned
}
}
|
Antimicrobial activity of inducible human beta defensin-2 against Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
Defensins in innate immunity are known to play critical roles to protect the host from infection by invasive microbes, including Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. However, little is known about the interactions between defensins and mycoplasmas. Human beta defensin (hBD)-2 and hBD-3, but not hBD-1, were found to exert strikingly antimicrobial activity against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. To elucidate the role of defensins in M. pneumoniae infection, a human pulmonary squamous cell line EBC-1 was stimulated with M. pneumoniae and interleukin (IL)-1beta. hBD-2 was markedly upregulated by IL-1beta as well as M. pneumoniae, but neither hBD-1 nor hBD-3 was apparently upregulated. Thus, the results suggest that inducible hBD-2 would play a critical role in the protection of M. pneumoniae infection. |
A little more than two years ago, Matisse Thybulle was on the cusp of breaking out. He had just finished his second collegiate campaign, which saw him set the single-season steals record at the University of Washington.
The achievement was a precursor of things to come. The Seattle native went on to rewrite that same mark each of the next two years. As a senior, he was the NCAA's steals leader, and named National Defensive Player of the Year.
Around the same time Thybulle started putting himself on the map as a sophomore, he also picked up a new hobby, one inspired largely by the people in his life closest to him. What began as a modest interest in photography has since exploded into a full-blown passion ("Me and Coach Brown talk about Ansel Adams every now and then, which is pretty cool," the 22-year old recently said).
There's no question that basketball is Matisse Thybulle's life, his "everything" as he put it. But this much is also true:
The 2019 no. 20 pick is damn good at taking photos.
Scroll down for evidence of Matisse's talents, and read the personal stories behind some of his favorite snaps.
Me and 'Quese
Basketball's a very creative game. There's a lot of freelancing opposed to other sports. Football, you run your route, and you don't really veer off that. Basketball is one of those sports where you really never know what's going to happen from play to play - you don't know how you're going to score, what's going to happen, or what you're going to do in order for it to happen. I feel there's a lot of creativity that goes into that. Photography allows me another creative outlet. It's kind of my escape in that sense. For this picture, I was with one of my old teammates, Marquese Chriss, who's in the NBA. My first year at Washington, me and Marquese were both freshmen. We were roommates, so we were basically best friends. He left after our first year, I stuck around all four. He would always come back to visit. He actually got into photography. So now, whenever he and I hang out, we'll take our cameras. I've taken some photos of him that have turned out pretty cool. In this one, we found a hoop on a court by Washington. It was this side court next to or under a bridge. It was pretty cool, with chain fences surrounding it, rugged and kind of worn down, tucked in the woods. There were logs and tree branches on the court. Washington and the city of Seattle have been huge for me. I went from being some skinny kid who nobody really knew of as a basketball player to staying in the same city and having it support me as I grew to become the Matisse you guys all see today. The basket in the picture had bleachers right underneath it, so 'Quese was able to climb up and sit up on the hoop, stand up on the hoop. I actually came up with this shot when he was getting down. He put his foot there, on the rim, and I was like, 'Wait! That looks really cool.' It just happened that the net was broken in a way that you could see his shoe through the net perfectly. It turned out as a really cool picture.
Pre-draft in Scottsdale
These two photos I took in Arizona. My dad, Greg, lives in Scottsdale, and I spent a lot of time there training for pre-draft. It was nice to be able to stay with him, be with family. I'd wake up in the morning, get to the gym around 9:00 or 9:30, workout for like an hour. There was a weight room there so I'd lift. Then right afterwards, my dad and I would go get lunch. I'd go home, take a nap, then go back to the gym with him later because he plays squash (he's really good at it). I'd watch him work out, we'd probably eat together again, and then I'd go back to the gym at night. I'd repeat the same routine the next day. One day, I had a little bit of time in between workouts. I was driving down the street, had my camera in the car, and I saw this court, so I pulled over. It's rare that you see chain nets anymore. I thought it was really cool. I'm sure all the kids playing basketball thought I was crazy. I was out there on my tiptoes with my camera, trying to shove my lens as close to the hoop as I could. The lens I was using is a Sigma 35mm. The aperture was really low. It creates a really shallow depth of field. I feel like it captured the chain nets and the hoop and just made a nostalgic feel. If you saw the court, you wouldn't think you could get this from there. I was really surprised. It was a super average playground court in Scottsdale. When I think back on these photos and the pre-draft in general, it was different. I didn't have anyone to compare my progress to because I wasn't going to workouts. I didn't know if I was at the same level as other guys. It was a lot of time in the gym with my trainers, more or less alone without any idea of what was going on outside of other NBA workouts or any other players. But then you get drafted, and I think more than anything, you feel really special, really important - especially in my case because the Sixers traded up to get me. That made me feel like they wanted me that much more, and I felt that much more important to this team and the franchise.
Best bud
In Arizona, the sunsets are really, really nice; they're aesthetically pleasing. One night during the summer, my sister, Chloe, and I went out to shoot. She was a very patient model. We climbed on top of this rock off the side of the road, and we got these. Turned out pretty cool. My sister, she's like my best friend. I'm two years older, but we're only a year apart in school. She skipped a grade, but she's not that smart (wink). When we moved from Australia, the school years didn't line up, so she skipped a grade. As much as we can, we do whatever we can together. Even with me in Philadelphia, we still talk all the time, I FaceTime her all the time. She puts up with me and my photography stuff and basketball stuff. She's my best friend, simply put. We weren't always close like that. In fact, now people think it's kind of surprising how close we are. Our relationship changed in high school when I transferred from Skyline to Eastside Catholic, because we had gone to the same school for a year. Then I transferred. After that, we got pretty close because we hadn't realized until then how much we appreciated each other. But that's my bud right there, my baby sister.
One of the first
This photo is one of the first times I went out with my camera and really felt I knew what I was doing with it, where I had a solid enough understanding of shutter speed, aperture, and ISO in order to freeze the water and get the waves splashing up. The waterfall is Snoqualmie Falls. There's an area where you're supposed to go to view the waterfall, but it's from far away. Every picture looks exactly the same because you're standing on the same platform. Me and my friends scouted out an area that was safe enough to jump, then we went down. You're actually not supposed to go down where I was. We kinda jumped over a fence - slightly illegal - but it was so cool. People do it a lot. Depending on how daring they are, some people do wedding shoots down there, but it's not easy to get down and get back up. It was fun, though, it was worth it. Initially, shutter speed, aperture, ISO - it's all super confusing and hard to figure out. But once I started with photography, I was obsessed with it. I would watch hours and hours of YouTube videos - like Peter McKinnon - things like that, learning as much as I could. On top of that, my friends wanted to shoot all the time, so I was always teaching myself and then going out and doing it. It didn't take long to pick everything up. The other thing is, being with people who are better than you helps a lot. This might sound weird, but I think being competitive fueled me, because you constantly strive to get better at anything. It sounds weird to think of photography as a competition, but competing against shooting something better than the next guy or shooting something better than myself previously has been a huge reason why I've stuck with it. The better you get the more you surprise yourself, and those surprises make you feel good. It's like, 'Wow. I didn't know I was capable of doing this.' This whole shoot at Snoqualmie Falls I did with my friends, and it was probably the point where I felt photography was going to be pretty fun, something I wanted to continue doing. My friends had already had a good grasp on everything. When we would shoot, any questions I had, they had answers. They were able to lead me in the right direction. So I really like this photo. It kind of captures that spirit.
Nerding out
This was fun because it was the nerdiest shoot ever - we planned it all out and everything. There are these websites - one's called Dark Sky Finder - where you can find the darkest skies so you can see the most stars. My friends and I went online and searched for the darkest area within a reasonable drive from us. We found this spot called Lake Kachess. We went there right before camping season started, so there was no one out at this campsite. I've been around the outdoors my whole life. My mom, Elizabeth, was really outdoorsy. She was very active. She would go for runs and bike rides all the time. Just being her son, we didn't have a choice. She would always go for hikes, then we'd go on hikes with her. Photography is like that perfect thing to get you to go outside more, especially living in the Pacific Northwest, because the nature out there is beautiful. Having a good camera and knowing what to do with it just makes it that much more exciting to get out there and experience it. It gives you another excuse to be outside and enjoy it. When we got to Lake Kachess, we set up our gear, set up our little tripods. We brought a flashlight because it was pitch black, and we didn't realize this flashlight was also like a lightsaber. It was a super-crazy beam. My friend patiently stood there for a while - like 16 seconds - and didn't breathe, and we were able to come up with this one. So yeah, we got real nerdy. The other theme about me and photography is there are lots of connections to family and friends. And the line between family and friends for me is very blurred. My friends who got me into photography, they're my best friends - they might as well be family. We don't look the same, but I do everything with them. They were the ones in the gym with me getting up shots. Our career paths took very different turns, but they put in the same amount of work as I did. We've been through everything together. They support me, I support them. It's been pretty cool to see how things have played out for us.
A special embrace
This past month was the first time I've ever had my photos printed. I had never seen them on anything other than a computer screen, so that's been pretty cool. I think I took these when I first got to Philly and I was getting moved into my apartment. I was between a hotel and actually getting furniture for my place. One day, I just wandered around with my camera. You can see City Hall just by being on Broad or Market. It's an iconic building, so I decided to walk through it. When I looked up, I was like, 'Woah.' I had a wide angle lens with me - it captured all the different leading lines, things of that nature. I thought the space was really cool. Initially, I'd say I thought Philadelphia was a lot bigger. I was kind of intimidated by the scale of the city, but having lived here for almost a month now, it's not that big. You see a lot of familiar faces. It's very manageable. The streets all make sense with the grid system. It's been a good time. Lucky enough for me, people are really excited to have me here on the team. They've been very supportive of me just walking down the street, welcoming me to the city. That was the weirdest thing. From the jump, people knew who I was. It's not even like that in Seattle, so I was kind of caught off guard. I was like, 'What? I haven't even played a second of basketball here, and the people already know who I am.' It was a really cool feeling to have that much support despite not having done anything yet. I don't think I could have asked for a better embrace.
A point of pride
Ask me to compare making a good basketball play to taking a good photo, and it's different. For me, when I see a highlight, that's more of an ego thing. I feel like I see myself do something cool on the court, and it's more pumping up my ego. I don't like that feeling as much as when I see a photo I've made. It's like a photo is my creative process - my interpretation of something. For someone else to think it's cool, I don't know how to explain that feeling. It makes me very proud of what I've done. If someone can look at the way I see things and think that's a cool thing, I can't think of anything other than pride. It makes me feel good.
Don't just follow Matisse's personal account on Instagram, but his photography account too. |
Q:
Anchoring and Docking Controls in java Swing
In .net there is a control called anchoring that is used to resize controls dynamically with the form. When a control is anchored to a form and the form is resized, the control maintains the distance between the control and the anchor positions.
My question is that is there any controls in java that does same functionality as anchoring in .net.
As for an example i have selected a textfield and put it on the panel and resized it properly.
Now when i change the size of window(JFrame) or maximize the window the textfield will not maintain the same distance as it was previously.
I have been using netbeans and i havent found any properties in pallete manager that answers my question.
Please explain me with an example or some links.
A:
Java Swing uses Layout Managers to manage the size and postion of visual components.
This is the official java tutorial on how to use this Layout managers:
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/uiswing/layout/using.html
And there is a brief description of the most common layout managers
FlowLayout (default): it disposes the components left to right and up to down.
BorderLayout: it divides the container in NORTH, SOUTH, WEST, EAST center CENTER. Only one component by position. Components on border expands and the center component uses the space avaiable
GridLayout: you initialice the manager indicating how many rows and cols the grid is going to have. Each cell has same size and you start adding component on the top left cell.
GridBagLayout: the MOST fine grained layout manager, you can do anything with this, but is a bit complicated, see the java documentation for it.
NullLayout (when you nullify the container's layout manayer): no layout manager, components uses the location and size properties to show on components.
And of course, containers inside in other containers can use a different layout manager than their parent. Combining layout managers is a difficult art to learn.
|
Knowledge gaps about smoking cessation in hospitalized patients and their doctors.
Hospitalization is an opportune time for smoking cessation support; cessation interventions delivered by hospital physicians are effective. While general practitioners' and outpatients' knowledge and attitudes towards smoking cessation have been studied in great detail, in-patient cessation programmes have received less attention. Questionnaire-based survey of a convenience sample of hospital physicians and in-patients at Göttingen University Hospital, Germany. All 159 physicians directly involved in bedside care on medical and surgical wards received a three-page questionnaire examining smoking status, knowledge of smoking-attributable morbidity and mortality, and their understanding of the effectiveness of methods to achieve long-term smoking cessation. Perceived barriers to the delivery of counselling and cessation services to smoking patients were identified. One thousand randomly selected patients on medical (N = 400) and surgical (N = 600) wards were invited to complete a similar questionnaire. Seventy-seven physicians (response rate 48.4%) and 675 patients (67.5%) completed the questionnaire. Patients and physicians alike underestimated the smoking-attributable risk of developing smoking-related cancers and chronic obstructive lung disease. In addition, severe misperceptions regarding the effectiveness of cessation methods were noted in both populations with 'willpower' being thought to be most effective in achieving abstinence. Only one-third of smoking patients recalled having been counselled to quit. Physicians identified lack of time as a central barrier to counselling smoking patients. These findings suggest that hospitalized smokers in a large German university hospital might not be treated according to international guidelines. |
Joyce settles into position
Creating alternative courts, prosecuting Sheley among her priorities
MORRISON – Newly elected Whiteside County State’s Attorney Trish Joyce doesn’t want to be just a titleholder.
The longtime Sterling attorney said Wednesday that being the county’s top prosecutor is a job in which she expects to wear many hats.
“I’m willing to do every type of job that there is available in this office,” Joyce said. “It’s everything from answering the phone if no one is available, to vacuuming, which I did last night, to handling very intensive, time-consuming cases.”
Joyce, 52, took her oath as the new state’s attorney on Friday, 3 weeks after defeating Republican and former Assistant State’s Attorney Pat Liston in the Nov. 6 general election.
She replaces longtime State’s Attorney Gary Spencer, who retired Friday after more than 30 years in office.
Joyce, who ran a private practice for 15 years in Sterling, decided last year to run for office and stopped taking criminal cases to avoid any conflicts if she won.
The week after the election, Joyce quickly tried to wrap up her civil and family cases, referring 50 or so to other attorneys.
Letting go of her practice was difficult, she said.
“It’s still kind of an emotional adjustment, because not only do you become invested in your clients’ cases, but this was a business that I built up from nothing into a very thriving practice, and so it’s difficult to let that go.”
But she’s ready to return to her first love – criminal law, she said.
Spencer kept her up to date on case developments, even before she was elected. He hired her on as an assistant state’s attorney on Nov. 16 and helped her get better acquainted with cases and other issues in the office.
Spencer also introduced her and newly elected Lee County State’s Attorney Anna Sacco-Miller to other state’s attorneys and to personnel at the state’s appellate prosecutor office, Joyce said.
His help was “absolutely phenomenal” and made for a smooth transition, she said.
“I told Gary that probably the biggest mistake that he ever made in his career was giving me his cellphone number, because I anticipate using it quite often,” Joyce said with a smile.
Joyce has hit the ground running. She is keeping ASA’s Terry Costello, James Fagerman, Carol Linkowski, and Brian Brim, and she has hired two new attorneys: Jennifer Kelly, a local lawyer who will help out with specialty courts, and Tom Senneff, a longtime attorney who will handle misdemeanors and traffic cases and team with Joyce on civil matters.
She did not invite Liston to stay on.
Joyce said she favors a team approach to cases and expects her assistants to jump in on any cases or court hearings when needed.
She also intends to practice what she preaches. While she won’t count out help from her assistants, she intends to lead the more serious cases.
“The buck stops with me,” she said.
Under Spencer, the assistants took turns being the on-call attorney during the week and weekends.
Joyce put herself into that rotation, too.
“I think as state’s attorney, not only should you be willing to be a team player, but you can’t ask your assistants to do anything that you would not do,” Joyce said.
One of the biggest challenges ahead is the constantly mounting caseload, she said.
Joyce said there is a “hit list” of aging cases that the attorneys will evaluate to see whether a plea agreement can be made or whether the case will go to trial.
“If the defense is the cause of the delay, we need to stand firm and indicate to the court that we’re ready, and hopefully the court will put their feet to the fire and set these matters for trial,” she said.
One of her goals is to establish programs such as a county drug court and mental health court. The first step will be making sure the necessary players – judges, probation and police officers, treatment agencies and the like – are on board.
Once the players commit, they must get training and apply for grants. That could take at least a year to accomplish, but it is something she’s committed to. She also has received offers from Lee and Ogle counties to observe their programs.
Eventually, she also would like to see courts for veterans and more programs for juvenile offenders, she said.
Another priority: Prosecuting Nicholas T. Sheley for the other four Whiteside County killings.
Sheley, 33, is convicted of murdering Ronald Randall, 65, of Galesburg, and Russell Reed, 93, of rural Sterling. He is serving life in prison for Randall’s death and will be sentenced Jan. 16 in Reed’s death.
Spencer will be involved in the sentencing, she said.
He will be tried for a quadruple homicide in Rock Falls “as soon as humanly possible,” Joyce said.
During the transition period, Joyce and Spencer spent a day going over evidence in the case; he will help Joyce get up to speed but will not be involved in the actual trial, she said. She also has spoken to Sheley’s attorney, Jeremy Karlin.
The community needs this to be resolved, she said.
“I worry more for the victims’ families, because this is just a horrendous process and horrific result in their lives. I don’t necessarily know that this will bring them any peace or healing, but I think it will with this community, because I think that everyone is sick of Nick Sheley. |
Obama visits Great Wall on final day of China trip
BEIJING — President Barack Obama on Wednesday visited the Great Wall of China, capping off his three-day visit to China before heading to South Korea.
The president chose a spot on the Badaling section of the Great Wall. A sign said more than 150 million visitors and 460 state chiefs and heads of government had been there.
His position there on a cold windy afternoon yielded views of steep climbs and ancient tiled roofs and the Great Wall stretching to the horizon
"It gives you a good perspective on a lot of the day-to-day things," Obama said. "They don't amount to much in the scope of history . . . Our time here on Earth is not that long, so we better make the best of it." |
Q:
Object # has no method 'done'
I was trying to implement simple ajax GET request . In the callback portion i want to call some function . The code is as below
$.ajax({
url: "<?php echo SITE_URL?>ajax_pages/ajx_getcard.php?id="+obj.value,
context: document.body
}).done(function() {
$(this).addClass("done");
});
But it is showing exception
Uncaught TypeError: Object # has no method 'done' replace_entry.php:105
getCardno replace_entry.php:105
onblur replace_entry.php:118
I am using google chrome
A:
You are probably using an old version of jQuery - new versions return a jqXHR object, that does have done.
You can quickly check your version by looking at the source, or typing $().jquery into your console.
If you cannot upgrade, the downgraded code should be:
$.ajax({
url: "...",
context: document.body,
complete: function() {
$(this).addClass("done");
});
|
at is the third derivative of 2*l**4 + 9*l**4 - y*l**4 + 2*l**2 wrt l?
96*l
Find the second derivative of -10*v + 39*v + 27*v + v**2 + 64*v**3 wrt v.
384*v + 2
Let r(h) = 2*h**3 - 53*h**2 + 117*h. Let g(l) = -l**3 + 27*l**2 - 58*l. Let z(p) = -7*g(p) - 4*r(p). Find the second derivative of z(i) wrt i.
-6*i + 46
Let d(b) be the second derivative of -b**6/30 + 63*b**5/20 + 2*b**4/3 + b**3/3 + 4*b + 4. Find the third derivative of d(v) wrt v.
-24*v + 378
Suppose 0 = 13*u - 45 - 20. Let h(v) be the second derivative of 0 + 0*v**2 + 3/4*v**4 + 0*v**3 - 11*v - 1/20*v**u. What is the third derivative of h(n) wrt n?
-6
Differentiate -149*q - 210 + 38*q - 70*q + 41 with respect to q.
-181
Let t(l) be the second derivative of -413*l**5/20 - 163*l**2 + 212*l. Differentiate t(n) with respect to n.
-1239*n**2
Let b(u) = -5*u**3 + 83*u**2 + 108*u - 2. Let n(o) = 12*o**3 - 165*o**2 - 216*o + 5. Let w(q) = 7*b(q) + 3*n(q). Find the second derivative of w(p) wrt p.
6*p + 172
Let b(l) be the second derivative of 2*l**5/5 - 7*l**3/6 + 78*l**2 + l + 5. Find the first derivative of b(v) wrt v.
24*v**2 - 7
Suppose -4*k + 32 = 4*k. Find the first derivative of 2 + k*x + 10*x + 15 wrt x.
14
Let y = -46 + 49. What is the third derivative of 7*d**3 + 30*d**2 - 13*d**2 + 5*d**y + 2*d**3 wrt d?
84
Suppose -4*z + 3 = -3*z. Find the third derivative of 119*x**3 - 1 + 1 - 10*x**2 - 112*x**z wrt x.
42
Suppose -3 = -5*y + 7. Find the third derivative of 44*m**4 + 4*m**y + 5*m**2 - 18*m**2 wrt m.
1056*m
Let r(q) be the second derivative of 273*q**5/20 - 493*q**4/12 - 603*q. What is the third derivative of r(b) wrt b?
1638
Let c be 6*2 + (6 - 10). Suppose -5*u + n = 29 - 83, -3*n + c = 2*u. Differentiate -2 - 1 + u*y - 9 with respect to y.
10
Let k(y) be the second derivative of 89*y**6/30 + 20*y**4 - 138*y + 2. Find the third derivative of k(c) wrt c.
2136*c
Let j(c) = -40*c**6 - 147*c**2 - 4*c. Let a(d) = -41*d**6 - 146*d**2 - 5*d. Let s(q) = 4*a(q) - 5*j(q). Find the third derivative of s(k) wrt k.
4320*k**3
Let w = 159 - 156. What is the third derivative of -21*s - 2032 + 2*s**w - 2*s**2 + 2032 - 23*s**4 wrt s?
-552*s + 12
Let i(k) = 5*k**3 + 59*k**2 + 33*k - 8. Let t(o) = 4*o**3 + 58*o**2 + 34*o - 6. Let y(u) = 3*i(u) - 4*t(u). Find the second derivative of y(r) wrt r.
-6*r - 110
What is the first derivative of -13*r**3 + 167 - 3*r**2 + 16*r**2 + 9*r**3 wrt r?
-12*r**2 + 26*r
Let g(k) = -5*k**4 + 2*k**3 + 4*k**2 + 44*k + 2. Let o(t) = t**4 + t**3 - t**2 - t + 1. Let b(h) = g(h) - 2*o(h). What is the second derivative of b(y) wrt y?
-84*y**2 + 12
Let x(b) be the third derivative of b**8/168 + 21*b**5/10 - 83*b**4/24 + b**3/3 - 210*b**2. What is the second derivative of x(v) wrt v?
40*v**3 + 252
Suppose 15*z = 3*z + 24. Let n(h) be the third derivative of 0 + 0*h**4 + 1/30*h**5 - 2/3*h**3 - 5*h**z + 0*h. Find the first derivative of n(c) wrt c.
4*c
Let z(a) = -3*a**3 - a + 2*a + a**2 + 3*a**3 + a**3 + 5. Let m be z(0). Find the third derivative of -k**2 - k**5 - k**m - 8*k**5 wrt k.
-600*k**2
Let o(t) = -t**2. Let d = -8 - -11. Let k be ((-4)/(-6))/((-1)/d). Let z(m) = m**2 + m. Let u(s) = k*o(s) - 6*z(s). Find the second derivative of u(n) wrt n.
-8
Let d(t) = 24*t**3 + 99*t**2 - 2*t. Let p(v) = -97*v**3 - 395*v**2 + 9*v. Let k(s) = 9*d(s) + 2*p(s). Find the third derivative of k(a) wrt a.
132
Let o(b) = -83*b**2 - 5*b - 14. Let k(w) = w - 1. Let s(h) = 5*k(h) + o(h). Differentiate s(q) wrt q.
-166*q
Suppose -2*x + 1 + 7 = 0. Suppose 5 = -x*q + l + 1, l - 4 = 5*q. What is the first derivative of 1 + q*c + 3 + 3*c wrt c?
3
Let l be 8 - 4 - (2 - 4). Let r = -2 + l. Find the third derivative of 3*c**4 - c**4 + 0*c**4 + 6*c**r + 2*c**2 wrt c.
192*c
What is the third derivative of 143*o**2 - 60*o**3 + 150*o**3 - 230*o**4 - 90*o**3 wrt o?
-5520*o
What is the derivative of -172 + 243 + 80 + 98*q wrt q?
98
Let g(s) be the second derivative of -2*s**7/7 + 3*s**5/10 - s**4/4 - 20*s**3/3 - 123*s. What is the third derivative of g(q) wrt q?
-720*q**2 + 36
What is the first derivative of -20*c**2 - 37*c**4 + 60 + 336 + 7 + 42*c**4 wrt c?
20*c**3 - 40*c
What is the second derivative of -373*b + 567*b**3 - 13565*b**2 + 13565*b**2 wrt b?
3402*b
Let l = 41 - 38. What is the second derivative of -l*k + 2*k**4 - 13*k - k**4 wrt k?
12*k**2
Let y(c) = -2*c**2 - 13*c - 2. Let s be y(-6). What is the second derivative of 15*p**s - 4*p - 208*p**3 + 208*p**3 wrt p?
180*p**2
Find the second derivative of -114*v**3 - 66*v**3 - 53*v - 179*v**3 + 13*v + 2*v**4 - 47*v**3 wrt v.
24*v**2 - 2436*v
Let l(q) = -275*q**3 - 91*q**2 - 3*q. Let m(g) = 276*g**3 + 89*g**2 + 4*g. Let s(w) = 4*l(w) + 3*m(w). What is the third derivative of s(y) wrt y?
-1632
What is the second derivative of -2*a**3 - 33*a + 0*a**3 - 130*a**2 + 2 - 19*a + 131*a**2 wrt a?
-12*a + 2
Let k(i) be the third derivative of -i**7/210 + 7*i**6/60 - i**5/20 - 9*i**3/2 - 62*i**2. What is the third derivative of k(h) wrt h?
-24*h + 84
Let c(f) = f + 1. Let q be c(3). Find the third derivative of 4*b**4 + 11*b**2 - q*b**4 - 9*b**6 wrt b.
-1080*b**3
Let l(z) be the second derivative of -27 + 0*z**3 + 0*z**2 + 17/6*z**4 - z + 21/10*z**5. Find the third derivative of l(t) wrt t.
252
Let a(c) = -c**3 + 2*c**2 + c + 1. Let l be a(2). Suppose -4*q = -3*q - 6. Find the third derivative of -2*w**3 + w**l - 4*w**3 - q*w**2 + w**3 wrt w.
-24
Let h(n) = 14 + 68*n**4 + 12*n**3 - 16 + 10 + 12*n. Let w(i) = -27*i**4 - 5*i**3 - 5*i - 3. Let a(q) = -5*h(q) - 12*w(q). Differentiate a(r) wrt r.
-64*r**3
Suppose 13*v - 111 = 162. What is the first derivative of -23 - 23 - v + 27*w**2 + 13 wrt w?
54*w
Let v(y) = 2*y - 4. Let r be v(8). Let p(j) = j**3 - 13*j**2 + 14*j + 3. Let n be p(r). Find the second derivative of 0*l**5 - l**5 + 2*l**5 + n*l - 23*l wrt l.
20*l**3
Find the second derivative of -4 - 164*p**3 + p + 2*p**4 - 2 + 1 + 16*p**3 wrt p.
24*p**2 - 888*p
Let u be (-2 - (4 - 7))*2. What is the first derivative of -10*t**u + 1921*t + 3 - 1921*t wrt t?
-20*t
Let b(h) be the second derivative of -h**6/12 + 11*h**4/8 + 7*h**3/2 + 10*h. Let s(t) be the second derivative of b(t). What is the derivative of s(p) wrt p?
-60*p
Let d be -12 - -12 - (1 + -15 + -1). Find the second derivative of -10*t**5 + d*t + 21*t**5 - 10*t wrt t.
220*t**3
Let m(d) = -105*d + 74. Let w(t) = 53*t - 37. Let c(k) = -6*m(k) - 13*w(k). Differentiate c(u) with respect to u.
-59
Let w(o) be the second derivative of -77*o**6/30 + o**3/3 - 59*o**2/2 - 17*o - 1. Find the second derivative of w(p) wrt p.
-924*p**2
Let r(m) be the third derivative of 0 - 5*m**3 + 0*m**5 + 31/120*m**6 - 48*m**2 + 0*m**4 + 0*m. Find the first derivative of r(j) wrt j.
93*j**2
Suppose 4*g - 117 = -105. Differentiate -8 - 32*b**3 - 6*b**3 - 5*b**g with respect to b.
-129*b**2
Let s = -74 + 73. Let w(c) = -21*c**2 - 4*c - 17. Let z(b) = b**2 + b - 1. Let t(p) = s*w(p) - 4*z(p). Differentiate t(k) with respect to k.
34*k
Let q(u) be the second derivative of -16*u**6/5 - u**4/12 - 25*u**3/6 - u + 25. What is the third derivative of q(b) wrt b?
-2304*b
Suppose -3*h + 3 = -6. Suppose 0*o = -h*o + 12. Differentiate o*d**4 + 5 - 6*d**4 - 2*d**4 with respect to d.
-16*d**3
Let y = -17 + 29. Suppose 4*u - u - y = 0. Differentiate -3*o + 0*o - u - o with respect to o.
-4
Suppose -5*j + 45 + 275 = 0. Let u be 1/(j/20 + -3). Differentiate 2 - u*n + n + 10 - 4 wrt n.
-4
Let z(f) = -108*f - 200. Let d(w) = -6*w. Let c(a) = -10*d(a) + z(a). Differentiate c(p) with respect to p.
-48
Find the third derivative of -115*b**3 + 77*b**2 - 21*b**2 + 76*b**2 wrt b.
-690
What is the third derivative of 11*l**3 + 27*l**3 - 31*l**2 + 4*l - 75*l**3 - 2*l + 139*l**3 wrt l?
612
Let p(j) be the second derivative of -2*j**7/7 - 5*j**4/12 - 19*j + 5. What is the third derivative of p(h) wrt h?
-720*h**2
Find the second derivative of -48*n**2 - 789*n - 1034999 + 1034999 wrt n.
-96
Let a(z) = -12*z**2 - 14. Let y(n) = 6 + 32*n - 11*n - 20*n. Let i be y(-2). Let l(b) = 4*b**2 + 5. Let v(r) = i*a(r) + 11*l(r). Differentiate v(m) wrt m.
-8*m
Let q(o) = 2*o**3 - 25*o**2 - 41*o - 14. Let d be q(14). Let r(j) be the second derivative of d + 6*j + 1/6*j**3 - 3/2*j**2. Differentiate r(g) wrt g.
1
Let l = -9 + 9. Let p be l + 2 - (-4)/2. Find the first der |
Modulation of Elk-dependent-transcription by Gene33.
Gene33 is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in many cell types, including those of renal and hepatic origin. Its expression is regulated by a large number of mitogenic and stressful stimuli, both in cultured cells and in vivo. Gene33 protein possesses binding domains for ErbB receptors, 14-3-3 proteins, SH-3 domains, and GTP bound Cdc42, suggesting that it may play a role in signal transduction. Indeed, these regions of Gene33 have been reported to modulate signaling through the ERK, JNK, and NFkappaB pathways. In the present work, epitope-tagged full-length and truncation mutants, as well as wild-type Gene33, were overexpressed in 293 cells. The expression of these proteins was compared to the level of endogenous Gene33 by Western blot using a newly developed polyclonal antibody. As proxies for activity of the ERK and JNK pathways, Elk- and c-Jun-dependent transcription were measured by a luciferase reporter gene. Moderate expression levels of full-length Gene33 caused a twofold increase in Elk-dependent transcription, while at higher levels, c-Jun-dependent transcription was partially inhibited. The C-terminal half of Gene33 significantly increased both Elk- and c-Jun-dependent transcription when expressed at approximately threefold above control levels. This effect on Elk-dependent transcription was lost at higher levels of Gene33 expression. In contrast, higher levels of the C-terminal half of Gene33 caused a progressively greater effect on c-Jun-dependent transcription. These findings suggest that Gene33 may increase ERK activity, and that the C-terminal half of Gene33 may act less specifically in the absence of the N-terminal half, inducing JNK activity. |
ZCell is an Australian-designed energy storage system built around Redflow’s unique ZBM2 zinc-bromine flow battery. ZCell can deliver 10 kilowatt hours (kWh) of stored energy each day, harvesting energy from solar panels or lower-cost off-peak power, for use when you need it. |
Morphology of cystic structures seen in leprosy biopsy suspensions kept at cooler temperatures.
Cystic structures were seen in good numbers in biopsy suspensions obtained from leprosy patients and kept at cooler temperature. The structures were found arranged in singles, clusters or straight lines. In clusters, small round structures were seen surrounding a large spherical body. The small cystic bodies appeared empty, the medium sized bodies showed fine particles while the large ones showed spherules in and around them. It appears that the seed structure of the cycle emerges from the large spherical bodies. |
Plasma membrane localization affects the RhoGAP specificity of Pseudomonas ExoS.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS (453 amino acids) is a bifunctional type III cytotoxin, comprising a Rho GTPase-activating protein domain (RhoGAP), and a 14-3-3 dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase domain. In addition, ExoS contains a membrane localization domain (termed MLD, residues 51-77) which localizes and traffics ExoS within intoxicated host cells. While membrane localization has been shown to be essential for ExoS to ADP-ribosylate Ras, the relationship between intracellular localization and expression of RhoGAP activity has not been addressed. In this study, loss of MLD function was observed to abolish expression of ExoS RhoGAP activity in HeLa cells. One mutation within the MLD (R56, R63, D70 mutated to N, RRD-->N) diminished plasma membrane localization and altered the cell rounding phenotype elicited by ExoS RhoGAP. In addition, cell rounding caused by ExoS-MLD(RRD-->N) was reversed by dominant active Rac1, but not dominant active Cdc42, indicating a switch in ExoS RhoGAP substrate specificity. Mutation of the C-terminal polybasic region abolished the ability of dominant active Rac1 to protect HeLa cells from expression of the RhoGAP activity of ExoS-MLD(RRD-->N). This study shows the importance of membrane localization in the targeting of Rho GTPases by ExoS RhoGAP. |
Q:
Is it possible to replace the Android splash image with an html page?
Is it possible to replace the splash image with an html page in Android 2.2?
super.setIntegerProperty("loadUrlTimeoutValue", 60000);
super.setIntegerProperty("splashscreen", R.drawable.splash);
userIDPlugin=new UserIdPlugin();
super.loadUrl("file:///android_asset/www/index.html",60000);
A:
You can use answer of this question. Just edit the splash.xml and put a WebView inside it.
|
These Macadamias were ok,I probably wouldn't buy them again,even it's on sale,mostly because of the high salt content,the nuts were nut large and the roasting was not great.All in all they were just too salty. |
St. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River Tiber and near the Janiculum Hill and Hadrian's Mausoleum. Its central dome dominates the skyline of Rome. The basilica is approached via St. Peter's Square, a forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall colonnades. The first space is oval and the second trapezoid. The façade of the basilica, with a giant order of columns, stretches across the end of the square and is approached by steps on which stand two 5.55 metres (18.2 ft) statues of the 1st-century apostles to Rome, Saints Peter and Paul.[10][11]
The basilica is cruciform in shape, with an elongated nave in the Latin cross form but the early designs were for a centrally planned structure and this is still in evidence in the architecture. The central space is dominated both externally and internally by one of the largest domes in the world. The entrance is through a narthex, or entrance hall, which stretches across the building. One of the decorated bronze doors leading from the narthex is the Holy Door, only opened during jubilees.[10]
St Peter's, Bernini's colonnade and Maderno's fountain
The interior is of vast dimensions when compared with other churches.[6] One author wrote: "Only gradually does it dawn upon us – as we watch people draw near to this or that monument, strangely they appear to shrink; they are, of course, dwarfed by the scale of everything in the building. This in its turn overwhelms us."[12]
The nave which leads to the central dome is in three bays, with piers supporting a barrel-vault, the highest of any church. The nave is framed by wide aisles which have a number of chapels off them. There are also chapels surrounding the dome. Moving around the basilica in a clockwise direction they are: The Baptistery, the Chapel of the Presentation of the Virgin, the larger Choir Chapel, the altar of the Transfiguration, the Clementine Chapel with the altar of Saint Gregory, the Sacristy Entrance, the Altar of the Lie, the left transept with altars to the Crucifixion of Saint Peter, Saint Joseph and Saint Thomas, the altar of the Sacred Heart, the Chapel of the Madonna of Column, the altar of Saint Peter and the Paralytic, the apse with the Chair of Saint Peter, the altar of Saint Peter raising Tabitha, the altar of St. Petronilla, the altar of the Archangel Michael, the altar of the Navicella, the right transept with altars of Saint Erasmus, Saints Processo and Martiniano, and Saint Wenceslas, the altar of St. Jerome, the altar of Saint Basil, the Gregorian Chapel with the altar of the Madonna of Succour, the larger Chapel of the Holy Sacrament, the Chapel of Saint Sebastian and the Chapel of the Pietà.[10]
At the heart of the basilica, beneath the high altar, is the Confessio or Chapel of the Confession, in reference to the confession of faith by St. Peter, which led to his martyrdom. Two curving marble staircases lead to this underground chapel at the level of the Constantinian church and immediately above the purported burial place of Saint Peter.
The entire interior of St. Peter's is lavishly decorated with marble, reliefs, architectural sculpture and gilding. The basilica contains a large number of tombs of popes and other notable people, many of which are considered outstanding artworks. There are also a number of sculptures in niches and chapels, including Michelangelo's Pietà. The central feature is a baldachin, or canopy over the Papal Altar, designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini. The apse culminates in a sculptural ensemble, also by Bernini, and containing the symbolic Chair of Saint Peter.
One observer wrote: "St Peter's Basilica is the reason why Rome is still the center of the civilized world. For religious, historical, and architectural reasons it by itself justifies a journey to Rome, and its interior offers a palimpsest of artistic styles at their best ..."[13]
The American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson described St. Peter's as "an ornament of the earth ... the sublime of the beautiful."[14]
It is the most prominent building in the Vatican City. Its dome is a dominant feature of the skyline of Rome. Probably the largest church in Christendom,[3] it covers an area of 2.3 hectares (5.7 acres). One of the holiest sites of Christianity and Catholic Tradition, it is traditionally the burial site of its titular, St. Peter, who was the head of the twelve Apostles of Jesus and, according to tradition, the first Bishop of Antioch and later the first Bishop of Rome, rendering him the first Pope. Although the New Testament does not mention St. Peter's martyrdom in Rome, tradition, based on the writings of the Fathers of the Church,[clarification needed] holds that his tomb is below the baldachin and altar of the Basilica in the "Confession". For this reason, many Popes have, from the early years of the Church, been buried near Pope St. Peter in the necropolis beneath the Basilica. Construction of the current basilica, over the old Constantinian basilica, began on 18 April 1506 and finished in 1615. At length, on 18 November 1626 Pope Urban VIII solemnly dedicated the Basilica.[6]
The relative and absolute heights of the tallest buildings and structures of the Old World, with St. Peter's Basilica at the center
St. Peter's Basilica is neither the Pope's official seat nor first in rank among the Major Basilicas of Rome. This honour is held by the Pope's cathedral, the Archbasilica of St. John Lateran which is the mother church of all churches in communion with the Catholic Church. However, St. Peter's is certainly the Pope's principal church in terms of use because most Papal liturgies and ceremonies take place there due to its size, proximity to the Papal residence, and location within the Vatican City proper. The "Chair of Saint Peter", or cathedra, an ancient chair sometimes presumed to have been used by St. Peter himself, but which was a gift from Charles the Bald and used by many popes, symbolises the continuing line of apostolic succession from St. Peter to the reigning Pope. It occupies an elevated position in the apse of the Basilica, supported symbolically by the Doctors of the Church and enlightened symbolically by the Holy Spirit.[17]
As one of the constituent structures of the historically and architecturally significant Vatican City, St. Peter's Basilica was inscribed as a UNESCOWorld Heritage Site in 1984 under criteria (i), (ii), (iv), and (vi).[18] With an exterior area of 21,095 square metres (227,060 sq ft),[19] an interior area of 15,160 square metres (163,200 sq ft),[20][21] St. Peter's Basilica is the largest Christian church building in the world by the two latter metrics and the second largest by the first as of 2016[update]. The top of its dome, at 448.1 feet (136.6 m), also places it as the second tallest building in Rome as of 2016[update].[22] The dome's soaring height placed it among the tallest buildings of the Old World, and it continues to hold the title of tallest dome in the world. Though the largest dome in the world by diameter at the time of its completion, it no longer holds this distinction.[23]
After the crucifixion of Jesus, it is recorded in the Biblical book of the Acts of the Apostles that one of his twelve disciples, Simon known as Saint Peter, a fisherman from Galilee, took a leadership position among Jesus' followers and was of great importance in the founding of the Christian Church. The name Peter is "Petrus" in Latin and "Petros" in Greek, deriving from "petra" which means "stone" or "rock" in Greek, and is the literal translation of the Aramaic "Kepa", the name given to Simon by Jesus. (John 1:42, and see Matthew 16:18)
Catholic tradition holds that Peter, after a ministry of thirty-four years, traveled to Rome and met his martyrdom there along with Paul on 13 October, 64 AD during the reign of the Roman EmperorNero. His execution was one of the many martyrdoms of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome. According to Origen, Peter was crucified head downwards, by his own request because he considered himself unworthy to die in the same manner as Jesus.[24] The crucifixion took place near an ancient Egyptian obelisk in the Circus of Nero.[25] The obelisk now stands in St. Peter's Square and is revered as a "witness" to Peter's death. It is one of several ancient Obelisks of Rome.[26]
According to tradition, Peter's remains were buried just outside the Circus, on the Mons Vaticanus across the Via Cornelia from the Circus, less than 150 metres (490 ft) from his place of death. The Via Cornelia was a road which ran east-to-west along the north wall of the Circus on land now covered by the southern portions of the Basilica and St. Peter's Square. A shrine was built on this site some years later. Almost three hundred years later, Old St. Peter's Basilica was constructed over this site.[25]
The area now covered by the Vatican City had been a cemetery for some years before the Circus of Nero was built. It was a burial ground for the numerous executions in the Circus and contained many Christian burials, because for many years after the burial of Saint Peter many Christians chose to be buried near Peter.
In 1939, in the reign of Pope Pius XII, 10 years of archaeological research began, under the crypt of the basilica, an area inaccessible since the 9th century. The excavations revealed the remains of shrines of different periods at different levels, from Clement VIII (1594) to Callixtus II (1123) and Gregory I (590–604), built over an aedicula containing fragments of bones that were folded in a tissue with gold decorations, tinted with the precious murex purple. Although it could not be determined with certainty that the bones were those of Peter, the rare vestments suggested a burial of great importance. On 23 December 1950, in his pre-Christmas radio broadcast to the world, Pope Pius XII announced the discovery of Saint Peter's tomb.[27]
Old St. Peter's Basilica was the 4th-century church begun by the EmperorConstantine the Great between 319 and 333 AD.[28] It was of typical basilical form, a wide nave and two aisles on each side and an apsidal end, with the addition of a transept or bema, giving the building the shape of a tau cross. It was over 103.6 metres (340 ft) long, and the entrance was preceded by a large colonnaded atrium. This church had been built over the small shrine believed to mark the burial place of St. Peter, though the tomb was "smashed" in 846 AD.[29] It contained a very large number of burials and memorials, including those of most of the popes from St. Peter to the 15th century. Like all of the earliest churches in Rome, both this church and its successor had the entrance to the east and the apse at the west end of the building.[30] Since the construction of the current basilica, the name Old St. Peter's Basilica has been used for its predecessor to distinguish the two buildings.[31]
By the end of the 15th century, having been neglected during the period of the Avignon Papacy, the old basilica had fallen into disrepair. It appears that the first pope to consider rebuilding, or at least making radical changes was Pope Nicholas V (1447–55). He commissioned work on the old building from Leone Battista Alberti and Bernardo Rossellino and also had Rossellino design a plan for an entirely new basilica, or an extreme modification of the old. His reign was frustrated by political problems and when he died, little had been achieved.[25] He had, however, ordered the demolition of the Colosseum and by the time of his death, 2,522 cartloads of stone had been transported for use in the new building.[25][32] The foundations were completed for a new transept and choir to form a domed Latin cross with the preserved nave and side aisles of the old basilica. Some walls for the choir had also been built.[33]
Pope Julius II planned far more for St Peter's than Nicholas V's program of repair or modification. Julius was at that time planning his own tomb, which was to be designed and adorned with sculpture by Michelangelo and placed within St Peter's.[34] In 1505 Julius made a decision to demolish the ancient basilica and replace it with a monumental structure to house his enormous tomb and "aggrandize himself in the popular imagination".[8] A competition was held, and a number of the designs have survived at the Uffizi Gallery. A succession of popes and architects followed in the next 120 years, their combined efforts resulting in the present building. The scheme begun by Julius II continued through the reigns of Leo X (1513–1521), Hadrian VI (1522–1523). Clement VII (1523–1534), Paul III (1534–1549), Julius III (1550–1555), Marcellus II (1555), Paul IV (1555–1559), Pius IV (1559–1565), Pius V (saint) (1565–1572), Gregory XIII (1572–1585), Sixtus V (1585–1590), Urban VII (1590), Gregory XIV (1590–1591), Innocent IX (1591), Clement VIII (1592–1605), Leo XI (1605), Paul V (1605–1621), Gregory XV (1621–1623), Urban VIII (1623–1644) and Innocent X (1644–1655).
A German Augustinian priest, Martin Luther, wrote to Archbishop Albrecht arguing against this "selling of indulgences". He also included his "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences", which came to be known as The 95 Theses.[36] This became a factor in starting the Reformation, the birth of Protestantism.
Pope Julius' scheme for the grandest building in Christendom[8] was the subject of a competition for which a number of entries remain intact in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence. It was the design of Donato Bramante that was selected, and for which the foundation stone was laid in 1506. This plan was in the form of an enormous Greek Cross with a dome inspired by that of the huge circular Roman temple, the Pantheon.[8] The main difference between Bramante's design and that of the Pantheon is that where the dome of the Pantheon is supported by a continuous wall, that of the new basilica was to be supported only on four large piers. This feature was maintained in the ultimate design. Bramante's dome was to be surmounted by a lantern with its own small dome but otherwise very similar in form to the Early Renaissance lantern of Florence Cathedral designed for Brunelleschi's dome by Michelozzo.[37]
Bramante had envisioned that the central dome would be surrounded by four lower domes at the diagonal axes. The equal chancel, nave and transept arms were each to be of two bays ending in an apse. At each corner of the building was to stand a tower, so that the overall plan was square, with the apses projecting at the cardinal points. Each apse had two large radial buttresses, which squared off its semi-circular shape.[38]
When Pope Julius died in 1513, Bramante was replaced with Giuliano da Sangallo, Fra Giocondo and Raphael. Sangallo and Fra Giocondo both died in 1515, Bramante himself having died the previous year. The main change in Raphael's plan is the nave of five bays, with a row of complex apsidal chapels off the aisles on either side. Raphael's plan for the chancel and transepts made the squareness of the exterior walls more definite by reducing the size of the towers, and the semi-circular apses more clearly defined by encircling each with an ambulatory.[39]
In 1520 Raphael also died, aged 37, and his successor Baldassare Peruzzi maintained changes that Raphael had proposed to the internal arrangement of the three main apses, but otherwise reverted to the Greek Cross plan and other features of Bramante.[40] This plan did not go ahead because of various difficulties of both Church and state. In 1527 Rome was sacked and plundered by Emperor Charles V. Peruzzi died in 1536 without his plan being realized.[8]
At this point Antonio da Sangallo the Younger submitted a plan which combines features of Peruzzi, Raphael and Bramante in its design and extends the building into a short nave with a wide façade and portico of dynamic projection. His proposal for the dome was much more elaborate of both structure and decoration than that of Bramante and included ribs on the exterior. Like Bramante, Sangallo proposed that the dome be surmounted by a lantern which he redesigned to a larger and much more elaborate form.[41] Sangallo's main practical contribution was to strengthen Bramante's piers which had begun to crack.[25]
On 1 January 1547 in the reign of Pope Paul III, Michelangelo, then in his seventies, succeeded Sangallo the Younger as "Capomaestro", the superintendent of the building program at St Peter's.[42] He is to be regarded as the principal designer of a large part of the building as it stands today, and as bringing the construction to a point where it could be carried through. He did not take on the job with pleasure; it was forced upon him by Pope Paul, frustrated at the death of his chosen candidate, Giulio Romano and the refusal of Jacopo Sansovino to leave Venice. Michelangelo wrote "I undertake this only for the love of God and in honour of the Apostle." He insisted that he should be given a free hand to achieve the ultimate aim by whatever means he saw fit.[25]
View of the interior shows the transept arms to right and left, and the chancel beyond the baldacchino.
Michelangelo took over a building site at which four piers, enormous beyond any constructed since ancient Roman times, were rising behind the remaining nave of the old basilica. He also inherited the numerous schemes designed and redesigned by some of the greatest architectural and engineering minds of the 16th century. There were certain common elements in these schemes. They all called for a dome to equal that engineered by Brunelleschi a century earlier and which has since dominated the skyline of Renaissance Florence, and they all called for a strongly symmetrical plan of either Greek Cross form, like the iconic St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, or of a Latin Cross with the transepts of identical form to the chancel, as at Florence Cathedral.
Even though the work had progressed only a little in 40 years, Michelangelo did not simply dismiss the ideas of the previous architects. He drew on them in developing a grand vision. Above all, Michelangelo recognized the essential quality of Bramante's original design. He reverted to the Greek Cross and, as Helen Gardner expresses it: "Without destroying the centralising features of Bramante's plan, Michelangelo, with a few strokes of the pen converted its snowflake complexity into massive, cohesive unity."[43]
As it stands today, St. Peter's has been extended with a nave by Carlo Maderno. It is the chancel end (the ecclesiastical "Eastern end") with its huge centrally placed dome that is the work of Michelangelo. Because of its location within the Vatican State and because the projection of the nave screens the dome from sight when the building is approached from the square in front of it, the work of Michelangelo is best appreciated from a distance. What becomes apparent is that the architect has greatly reduced the clearly defined geometric forms of Bramante's plan of a square with square projections, and also of Raphael's plan of a square with semi-circular projections.[44] Michelangelo has blurred the definition of the geometry by making the external masonry of massive proportions and filling in every corner with a small vestry or stairwell. The effect created is of a continuous wall-surface that is folded or fractured at different angles, but lacks the right-angles which usually define change of direction at the corners of a building. This exterior is surrounded by a giant order of Corinthian pilasters all set at slightly different angles to each other, in keeping with the ever-changing angles of the wall's surface. Above them the huge cornice ripples in a continuous band, giving the appearance of keeping the whole building in a state of compression.[45]
The dome of St. Peter's rises to a total height of 136.57 metres (448.1 ft) from the floor of the basilica to the top of the external cross. It is the tallest dome in the world.[46] Its internal diameter is 41.47 metres (136.1 ft), slightly smaller than two of the three other huge domes that preceded it, those of the Pantheon of Ancient Rome, 43.3 metres (142 ft), and Florence Cathedral of the Early Renaissance, 44 metres (144 ft). It has a greater diameter by approximately 30 feet (9.1 m) than Constantinople's Hagia Sophia church, completed in 537. It was to the domes of the Pantheon and Florence duomo that the architects of St. Peter's looked for solutions as to how to go about building what was conceived, from the outset, as the greatest dome of Christendom.
The dome of the Pantheon stands on a circular wall with no entrances or windows except a single door. The whole building is as high as it is wide. Its dome is constructed in a single shell of concrete, made light by the inclusion of a large amount of the volcanic stones tuff and pumice. The inner surface of the dome is deeply coffered which has the effect of creating both vertical and horizontal ribs, while lightening the overall load. At the summit is an ocular opening 8 metres (26 ft) across which provides light to the interior.[8]
Bramante's plan for the dome of St. Peter's (1506) follows that of the Pantheon very closely, and like that of the Pantheon, was designed to be constructed in TufaConcrete for which he had rediscovered a formula. With the exception of the lantern that surmounts it, the profile is very similar, except that in this case the supporting wall becomes a drum raised high above ground level on four massive piers. The solid wall, as used at the Pantheon, is lightened at St. Peter's by Bramante piercing it with windows and encircling it with a peristyle.
In the case of Florence Cathedral, the desired visual appearance of the pointed dome existed for many years before Brunelleschi made its construction feasible.[47] Its double-shell construction of bricks locked together in herringbone pattern (re-introduced from Byzantine architecture), and the gentle upward slope of its eight stone ribs made it possible for the construction to take place without the massive wooden formwork necessary to construct hemispherical arches. While its appearance, with the exception of the details of the lantern, is entirely Gothic, its engineering was highly innovative, and the product of a mind that had studied the huge vaults and remaining dome of Ancient Rome.[37]
Sangallo's plan (1513), of which a large wooden model still exists, looks to both these predecessors. He realised the value of both the coffering at the Pantheon and the outer stone ribs at Florence Cathedral. He strengthened and extended the peristyle of Bramante into a series of arched and ordered openings around the base, with a second such arcade set back in a tier above the first. In his hands, the rather delicate form of the lantern, based closely on that in Florence, became a massive structure, surrounded by a projecting base, a peristyle and surmounted by a spire of conic form.[41] According to James Lees-Milne the design was "too eclectic, too pernickety and too tasteless to have been a success".[25]
Michelangelo redesigned the dome in 1547, taking into account all that had gone before. His dome, like that of Florence, is constructed of two shells of brick, the outer one having 16 stone ribs, twice the number at Florence but far fewer than in Sangallo's design. As with the designs of Bramante and Sangallo, the dome is raised from the piers on a drum. The encircling peristyle of Bramante and the arcade of Sangallo are reduced to 16 pairs of Corinthian columns, each of 15 metres (49 ft) high which stand proud of the building, connected by an arch. Visually they appear to buttress each of the ribs, but structurally they are probably quite redundant. The reason for this is that the dome is ovoid in shape, rising steeply as does the dome of Florence Cathedral, and therefore exerting less outward thrust than does a hemisphericaldome, such as that of the Pantheon, which, although it is not buttressed, is countered by the downward thrust of heavy masonry which extends above the circling wall.[8][25]
The ovoid profile of the dome has been the subject of much speculation and scholarship over the past century. Michelangelo died in 1564, leaving the drum of the dome complete, and Bramante's piers much bulkier than originally designed, each 18 metres (59 ft) across. Following his death, the work continued under his assistant Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola with Giorgio Vasari appointed by Pope Pius V as a watchdog to make sure that Michelangelo's plans were carried out exactly. Despite Vignola's knowledge of Michelangelo's intentions, little happened in this period. In 1585 the energetic Pope Sixtus appointed Giacomo della Porta who was to be assisted by Domenico Fontana. The five-year reign of Sixtus was to see the building advance at a great rate.[25]
The engraving by Stefan du Pérac was published in 1569, five years after the death of Michelangelo
Michelangelo left a few drawings, including an early drawing of the dome, and some drawings of details. There were also detailed engravings published in 1569 by Stefan du Pérac who claimed that they were the master's final solution. Michelangelo, like Sangallo before him, also left a large wooden model. Giacomo della Porta subsequently altered this model in several ways, in keeping with changes that he made to the design. Most of these changes were of a cosmetic nature, such as the adding of lion's masks over the swags on the drum in honour of Pope Sixtus and adding a circlet of finials around the spire at the top of the lantern, as proposed by Sangallo. The major change that was made to the model, either by della Porta, or Michelangelo himself before his death, was to raise the outer dome higher above the inner one.[25]
A drawing by Michelangelo indicates that his early intentions were towards an ovoid dome, rather than a hemispherical one.[43] In an engraving in Galasso Alghisi' treatise (1563), the dome may be represented as ovoid, but the perspective is ambiguous.[48] Stefan du Pérac's engraving (1569) shows a hemispherical dome, but this was perhaps an inaccuracy of the engraver. The profile of the wooden model is more ovoid than that of the engravings, but less so than the finished product. It has been suggested that Michelangelo on his death bed reverted to the more pointed shape. However Lees-Milne cites Giacomo della Porta as taking full responsibility for the change and as indicating to Pope Sixtus that Michelangelo was lacking in the scientific understanding of which he himself was capable.[25]
Helen Gardner suggests that Michelangelo made the change to the hemispherical dome of lower profile in order to establish a balance between the dynamic vertical elements of the encircling giant order of pilasters and a more static and reposeful dome. Gardner also comments "The sculpturing of architecture [by Michelangelo] ... here extends itself up from the ground through the attic stories and moves on into the drum and dome, the whole building being pulled together into a unity from base to summit."[43]
It is this sense of the building being sculptured, unified and "pulled together" by the encircling band of the deep cornice that led Eneide Mignacca to conclude that the ovoid profile, seen now in the end product, was an essential part of Michelangelo's first (and last) concept. The sculptor/architect has, figuratively speaking, taken all the previous designs in hand and compressed their contours as if the building were a lump of clay. The dome must appear to thrust upwards because of the apparent pressure created by flattening the building's angles and restraining its projections.[45] If this explanation is the correct one, then the profile of the dome is not merely a structural solution, as perceived by Giacomo della Porta; it is part of the integrated design solution that is about visual tension and compression. In one sense, Michelangelo's dome may appear to look backward to the Gothic profile of Florence Cathedral and ignore the Classicism of the Renaissance, but on the other hand, perhaps more than any other building of the 16th century, it prefigures the architecture of the Baroque.[45]
The dome was brought to completion by Giacomo della Porta and Fontana.
Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana brought the dome to completion in 1590, the last year of the reign of Sixtus V. His successor, Gregory XIV, saw Fontana complete the lantern and had an inscription to the honour of Sixtus V placed around its inner opening. The next pope, Clement VIII, had the cross raised into place, an event which took all day, and was accompanied by the ringing of the bells of all the city's churches. In the arms of the cross are set two lead caskets, one containing a fragment of the True Cross and a relic of St. Andrew and the other containing medallions of the Holy Lamb.[25]
In the mid-18th century, cracks appeared in the dome, so four iron chains were installed between the two shells to bind it, like the rings that keep a barrel from bursting. As many as ten chains have been installed at various times, the earliest possibly planned by Michelangelo himself as a precaution, as Brunelleschi did at Florence Cathedral.
Around the inside of the dome is written, in letters 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) high:
TV ES PETRVS ET SVPER HANC PETRAM AEDIFICABO ECCLESIAM MEAM. TIBI DABO CLAVES REGNI CAELORVM(... you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church. ... I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven ...Vulgate, Matthew 16:18–19.)
Architectural details of the dome at Saint Peter's Basilica in Vatican City, Vatican
On 7 December 2007, a fragment of a red chalk drawing of a section of the dome of the basilica, almost certainly by the hand of Michelangelo, was discovered in the Vatican archives.[49] The drawing shows a small precisely drafted section of the plan of the entablature above two of the radial columns of the cupola drum. Michelangelo is known to have destroyed thousands of his drawings before his death.[50] The rare survival of this example is probably due to its fragmentary state and the fact that detailed mathematical calculations had been made over the top of the drawing.[49]
On 18 February 1606, under Pope Paul V, the dismantling of the remaining parts of the Constantinian basilica began.[25] The marble cross that had been set at the top of the pediment by Pope Sylvester and Constantine the Great was lowered to the ground. The timbers were salvaged for the roof of the Borghese Palace and two rare black marble columns, the largest of their kind, were carefully stored and later used in the narthex. The tombs of various popes were opened, treasures removed and plans made for re-interment in the new basilica.[25]
Michelangelo's plan extended with Maderno's nave and narthex
The Pope had appointed Carlo Maderno in 1602. He was a nephew of Domenico Fontana and had demonstrated himself as a dynamic architect. Maderno's idea was to ring Michelangelo's building with chapels, but the Pope was hesitant about deviating from the master's plan, even though he had been dead for forty years. The Fabbrica or building committee, a group drawn from various nationalities and generally despised by the Curia who viewed the basilica as belonging to Rome rather than Christendom, were in a quandary as to how the building should proceed. One of the matters that influenced their thinking was the Counter-Reformation which increasingly associated a Greek Cross plan with paganism and saw the Latin Cross as truly symbolic of Christianity.[25]
Another influence on the thinking of both the Fabbrica and the Curia was a certain guilt at the demolition of the ancient building. The ground on which it and its various associated chapels, vestries and sacristies had stood for so long was hallowed. The only solution was to build a nave that encompassed the whole space. In 1607 a committee of ten architects was called together, and a decision was made to extend Michelangelo's building into a nave. Maderno's plans for both the nave and the facade were accepted. The building began on 7 May 1607, and proceeded at a great rate, with an army of 700 labourers being employed. The following year, the façade was begun, in December 1614 the final touches were added to the stucco decoration of the vault and early in 1615 the partition wall between the two sections was pulled down. All the rubble was carted away, and the nave was ready for use by Palm Sunday.[25]
The facade designed by Maderno, is 114.69 metres (376.3 ft) wide and 45.55 metres (149.4 ft) high and is built of travertine stone, with a giant order of Corinthian columns and a central pediment rising in front of a tall attic surmounted by thirteen statues: Christ flanked by eleven of the Apostles (except Saint Peter, whose statue is left of the stairs) and John the Baptist.
[51]
The inscription below the cornice on the 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall frieze reads:
IN HONOREM PRINCIPIS APOST PAVLVS V BVRGHESIVS ROMANVS PONT MAX AN MDCXII PONT VII(In honour of the Prince of Apostles, Paul V Borghese, a Roman, Supreme Pontiff, in the year 1612, the seventh of his pontificate)
(Paul V (Camillo Borghese), born in Rome but of a Sienese family, liked to emphasize his "Romanness.")
The facade is often cited as the least satisfactory part of the design of St. Peter's. The reasons for this, according to James Lees-Milne, are that it was not given enough consideration by the Pope and committee because of the desire to get the building completed quickly, coupled with the fact that Maderno was hesitant to deviate from the pattern set by Michelangelo at the other end of the building. Lees-Milne describes the problems of the façade as being too broad for its height, too cramped in its details and too heavy in the attic story. The breadth is caused by modifying the plan to have towers on either side. These towers were never executed above the line of the facade because it was discovered that the ground was not sufficiently stable to bear the weight. One effect of the facade and lengthened nave is to screen the view of the dome, so that the building, from the front, has no vertical feature, except from a distance.[25]
Behind the façade of St. Peter's stretches a long portico or "narthex" such as was occasionally found in Italian churches. This is the part of Maderno's design with which he was most satisfied. Its long barrel vault is decorated with ornate stucco and gilt, and successfully illuminated by small windows between pendentives, while the ornate marble floor is beamed with light reflected in from the piazza. At each end of the narthex is a theatrical space framed by ionic columns and within each is set a statue, an equestrian figure of Charlemagne by Cornacchini (18th century) in the south end and Constantine the Great by Bernini (1670) in the north end.
Five portals, of which three are framed by huge salvaged antique columns, lead into the basilica. The central portal has a bronze door created by Antonio Averulino in 1455 for the old basilica and somewhat enlarged to fit the new space.
To the single bay of Michelangelo's Greek Cross, Maderno added a further three bays. He made the dimensions slightly different from Michelangelo's bay, thus defining where the two architectural works meet. Maderno also tilted the axis of the nave slightly. This was not by accident, as suggested by his critics. An ancient Egyptian obelisk had been erected in the square outside, but had not been quite aligned with Michelangelo's building, so Maderno compensated, in order that it should, at least, align with the Basilica's façade.[25]
The nave has huge paired pilasters, in keeping with Michelangelo's work. The size of the interior is so "stupendously large" that it is hard to get a sense of scale within the building.[25][52] The four cherubs who flutter against the first piers of the nave, carrying between them two holy water basins, appear of quite normal cherubic size, until approached. Then it becomes apparent that each one is over 2 metres high and that real children cannot reach the basins unless they scramble up the marble draperies. The aisles each have two smaller chapels and a larger rectangular chapel, the Chapel of the Sacrament and the Choir Chapel. These are lavishly decorated with marble, stucco, gilt, sculpture and mosaic. Remarkably, all of the large altarpieces, with the exception of the Holy Trinity by Pietro da Cortona in the Blessed Sacrament Chapel, have been reproduced in mosaic. Two precious paintings from the old basilica, Our Lady of Perpetual Help and Our Lady of the Column are still being used as altarpieces.
Maderno's last work at St. Peter's was to design a crypt-like space or "Confessio" under the dome, where the cardinals and other privileged persons could descend in order to be nearer to the burial place of the apostle. Its marble steps are remnants of the old basilica and around its balustrade are 95 bronze lamps.
As a young boy Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598–1680) visited St. Peter's with the painter Annibale Carracci and stated his wish to build "a mighty throne for the apostle". His wish came true. As a young man, in 1626, he received the patronage of Pope Urban VIII and worked on the embellishment of the Basilica for 50 years. Appointed as Maderno's successor in 1629, he was to become regarded as the greatest architect and sculptor of the Baroque period. Bernini's works at St. Peter's include the baldachin (baldaquin, from Italian: baldacchino), the Chapel of the Sacrament, the plan for the niches and loggias in the piers of the dome and the chair of St. Peter.[25][43]
Bernini's first work at St. Peter's was to design the baldacchino, a pavilion-like structure 28.74 metres (94.3 ft) tall and claimed to be the largest piece of bronze in the world, which stands beneath the dome and above the altar. Its design is based on the ciborium, of which there are many in the churches of Rome, serving to create a sort of holy space above and around the table on which the Sacrament is laid for the Eucharist and emphasizing the significance of this ritual. These ciboria are generally of white marble, with inlaid coloured stone. Bernini's concept was for something very different. He took his inspiration in part from the baldachin or canopy carried above the head of the pope in processions, and in part from eight ancient columns that had formed part of a screen in the old basilica. Their twisted barley-sugar shape had a special significance as they were modeled on those of the Temple of Jerusalem and donated by the Emperor Constantine. Based on these columns, Bernini created four huge columns of bronze, twisted and decorated with laurel leaves and bees, which were the emblem of Pope Urban.
The altar with Bernini's baldacchino
The baldacchino is surmounted not with an architectural pediment, like most baldacchini, but with curved Baroque brackets supporting a draped canopy, like the brocade canopies carried in processions above precious iconic images. In this case, the draped canopy is of bronze, and all the details, including the olive leaves, bees, and the portrait heads of Urban's niece in childbirth and her newborn son, are picked out in gold leaf. The baldacchino stands as a vast free-standing sculptural object, central to and framed by the largest space within the building. It is so large that the visual effect is to create a link between the enormous dome which appears to float above it, and the congregation at floor level of the basilica. It is penetrated visually from every direction, and is visually linked to the Cathedra Petri in the apse behind it and to the four piers containing large statues that are at each diagonal.[25][43]
As part of the scheme for the central space of the church, Bernini had the huge piers, begun by Bramante and completed by Michelangelo, hollowed out into niches, and had staircases made inside them, leading to four balconies. There was much dismay from those who thought that the dome might fall, but it did not. On the balconies Bernini created showcases, framed by the eight ancient twisted columns, to display the four most precious relics of the basilica: the spear of Longinus, said to have pierced the side of Christ, the veil of Veronica, with the miraculous image of the face of Christ, a fragment of the True Cross discovered in Jerusalem by Constantine's mother, Helena, and a relic of Saint Andrew, the brother of Saint Peter. In each of the niches that surround the central space of the basilica was placed a huge statue of the saint associated with the relic above. Only Saint Longinus is the work of Bernini.[25] (See below)
Urban had long been a critic of Bernini's predecessor, Carlo Maderno. His disapproval of the architect's work stemmed largely from the Maderno's design for the longitudinal nave of St. Peters, which was widely condemned for obscuring Michelangelo's dome. When the Pope gave the commission to Bernini he therefore requested that a new design for the facade's bell towers to be submitted for consideration. Baldinucci describes Bernini's tower as consisting of "two orders of columns and pilasters, the first order being Corinthian" and "a third or attic story formed of pilasters and two columns on either side of the open archway in the center".
Urban desired the towers to be completed by a very specific date: 29 June 1641, the feast day dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul. To this end an order was issued which stated that "all work should take a second seat to that of the campanile." The south tower was completed on time even in spite of these issues, but records show that in the wake of the unveiling the Pope was not content with what he saw and he ordered the top level of Bernini's tower removed so that the structure could be made even grander. The tower continued to grow, and as the construction began to settle the first cracks started to appear followed by Urban's infamous public admonishment of his architect.
In 1642 all work on both towers came to a halt. Bernini had to pay the cost for the demolition; eventually the idea of completing the bell towers was abandoned.
Bernini then turned his attention to another precious relic, the so-called Cathedra Petri or "throne of St. Peter" a chair which was often claimed to have been used by the apostle, but appears to date from the 12th century. As the chair itself was fast deteriorating and was no longer serviceable, Pope Alexander VII determined to enshrine it in suitable splendor as the object upon which the line of successors to Peter was based. Bernini created a large bronze throne in which it was housed, raised high on four looping supports held effortlessly by massive bronze statues of four Doctors of the Church, Saints Ambrose and Augustine representing the Latin Church and Athanasius and John Chrysostom, the Greek Church. The four figures are dynamic with sweeping robes and expressions of adoration and ecstasy. Behind and above the Cathedra, a blaze of light comes in through a window of yellow alabaster, illuminating, at its center, the Dove of the Holy Spirit. The elderly painter, Andrea Sacchi, had urged Bernini to make the figures large, so that they would be seen well from the central portal of the nave. The chair was enshrined in its new home with great celebration of 16 January 1666.[25][43]
Bernini's final work for St. Peter's, undertaken in 1676, was the decoration of the Chapel of the Sacrament.[53] To hold the sacramental Host, he designed a miniature version in gilt bronze of Bramante's Tempietto, the little chapel that marks the place of the death of St. Peter. On either side is an angel, one gazing in rapt adoration and the other looking towards the viewer in welcome. Bernini died in 1680 in his 82nd year.[25]
To the east of the basilica is the Piazza di San Pietro, (St. Peter's Square). The present arrangement, constructed between 1656 and 1667, is the Baroque inspiration of Bernini who inherited a location already occupied by an Egyptian obelisk which was centrally placed, (with some contrivance) to Maderno's facade.[54] The obelisk, known as "The Witness", at 25.31 metres (83.0 ft) and a total height, including base and the cross on top, of 40 metres (130 ft), is the second largest standing obelisk, and the only one to remain standing since its removal from Egypt and re-erection at the Circus of Nero in 37 AD, where it is thought to have stood witness to the crucifixion of Saint Peter.[55] Its removal to its present location by order of Pope Sixtus V and engineered by Domenico Fontana on 28 September 1586, was an operation fraught with difficulties and nearly ending in disaster when the ropes holding the obelisk began to smoke from the friction. Fortunately this problem was noticed by Benedetto Bresca, a sailor of Sanremo, and for his swift intervention, his town was granted the privilege of providing the palms that are used at the basilica each Palm Sunday.[25]
One of the two fountains which form the axis of the piazza.
The other object in the old square with which Bernini had to contend was a large fountain designed by Maderno in 1613 and set to one side of the obelisk, making a line parallel with the facade. Bernini's plan uses this horizontal axis as a major feature of his unique, spatially dynamic and highly symbolic design. The most obvious solutions were either a rectangular piazza of vast proportions so that the obelisk stood centrally and the fountain (and a matching companion) could be included, or a trapezoid piazza which fanned out from the facade of the basilica like that in front of the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena. The problems of the square plan are that the necessary width to include the fountain would entail the demolition of numerous buildings, including some of the Vatican, and would minimize the effect of the facade. The trapezoid plan, on the other hand, would maximize the apparent width of the facade, which was already perceived as a fault of the design.[43]
Bernini's ingenious solution was to create a piazza in two sections. That part which is nearest the basilica is trapezoid, but rather than fanning out from the facade, it narrows. This gives the effect of countering the visual perspective. It means that from the second part of the piazza, the building looks nearer than it is, the breadth of the facade is minimized and its height appears greater in proportion to its width. The second section of the piazza is a huge elliptical circus which gently slopes downwards to the obelisk at its center. The two distinct areas are framed by a colonnade formed by doubled pairs of columns supporting an entablature of the simple Tuscan Order.
The part of the colonnade that is around the ellipse does not entirely encircle it, but reaches out in two arcs, symbolic of the arms of "the Catholic Church reaching out to welcome its communicants".[43] The obelisk and Maderno's fountain mark the widest axis of the ellipse. Bernini balanced the scheme with another fountain in 1675. The approach to the square used to be through a jumble of old buildings, which added an element of surprise to the vista that opened up upon passing through the colonnade. Nowadays a long wide street, the Via della Conciliazione, built by Mussolini after the conclusion of the Lateran Treaties, leads from the River Tiber to the piazza and gives distant views of St. Peter's as the visitor approaches, with the basilica acting as a terminating vista.[25]
Bernini's transformation of the site is entirely Baroque in concept. Where Bramante and Michelangelo conceived a building that stood in "self-sufficient isolation", Bernini made the whole complex "expansively relate to its environment".[43] Banister Fletcher says "No other city has afforded such a wide-swept approach to its cathedral church, no other architect could have conceived a design of greater nobility ... (it is) the greatest of all atriums before the greatest of all churches of Christendom."[8]
In the towers to either side of the facade are two clocks. The clock on the left has been operated electrically since 1931. Its oldest bell dates from 1288.
One of the most important treasures of the basilica is a mosaic set above the central external door. Called the "Navicella", it is based on a design by Giotto (early 14th century) and represents a ship symbolizing the Christian Church.[10] The mosaic is mostly a 17th-century copy of Giotto's original.
Of the five portals from the narthex to the interior, three contain notable doors. The central portal has the Renaissance bronze door by Antonio Averulino (called Filarete) (1455), enlarged to fit the new space. The southern door, the Door of the Dead, was designed by 20th-century sculptor Giacomo Manzù and includes a portrait of Pope John XXIII kneeling before the crucified figure of Saint Peter.
The northernmost door is the "Holy Door" which, by tradition, is walled-up with bricks, and opened only for holy years such as the Jubilee year by the Pope. The present door is bronze and was designed by Vico Consorti in 1950 and cast in Florence by the Ferdinando Marinelli Artistic Foundry. Above it are inscriptions commemorating the opening of the door: PAVLVS V PONT MAX ANNO XIII and GREGORIVS XIII PONT MAX.
IOANNES PAVLVS II P.M. ITERVM PORTAM SANCTAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO MAGNI IVBILAEI AB INCARNATIONE DOMINI MM-MMIJohn Paul II, Pontifex Maximus, again opened and closed the holy door in the year of the great jubilee, from the incarnation of the Lord 2000–2001.
FRANCISCVS PP. PORTAM SANCTAM ANNO MAGNI IVB MM- MMI A IOANNE PAVLO PP. II RESERVATAM ET CLAVSAM APERVIT ET CLAVSIT ANNO IVB MISERICORDIAE MMXV- MMXVIPope Francis opened and closed again the holy door closed and set apart by Pope John Paul II in the year of the great jubilee 2000-2001, in the jubilee year of Mercy 2015-2016.
Along the floor of the nave are markers showing the comparative lengths of other churches, starting from the entrance.
On the decorative pilasters of the piers of the nave are medallions with relief depicting 56 of the first popes.
In niches between the pilasters of the nave are statues depicting 39 founders of religious orders.
Set against the north east pier of the dome is a statue of Saint Peter Enthroned, sometimes attributed to late 13th-century sculptor Arnolfo di Cambio, with some scholars dating it to the 5th century. One foot of the statue is largely worn away by pilgrims kissing it for centuries.
The sunken Confessio leading to the Vatican Grottoes (see above) contained a large kneeling statue by Canova of Pope Pius VI, who was captured and mistreated by Napoleon Bonaparte's army. This has now been moved to the back (eastern) end of the grottoes.
In the Confessio is the Niche of the Pallium ("Niche of Stoles") which contains a bronze urn, donated by Pope Benedict XIV, to contain white stoles embroidered with black crosses and woven with the wool of lambs blessed on St. Agnes' day.
On the first pier in the right aisle is the monument of Queen Christina of Sweden, who abdicated in 1654 in order to convert to Catholicism.
The second chapel, dedicated to Saint Sebastian, contains the statues of popes Pius XI and Pius XII. The space below the altar used to be the resting place of Pope Innocent XI but his remains were moved to the Altar of the Transfiguration on 8 April 2011. This was done to make way for the body of Pope John Paul II. His remains were placed beneath the altar on 2 May 2011.
The first chapel in the south aisle is the baptistry, commissioned by Pope Innocent XII and designed by Carlo Fontana, (great nephew of Domenico Fontana). The font, which was previously located in the opposite chapel, is the red porphyrysarcophagus of Probus, the 4th-century Prefect of Rome. The lid came from a different sarcophagus, which had once held the remains of the Emperor Hadrian and in removing it from the Vatican Grotto where it had been stored, the workmen broke it into ten pieces. Fontana restored it expertly and surmounted it with a gilt-bronze figure of the "Lamb of God".
The tomb of Fabio Chigi, Pope Alexander VII, towards the end of the aisle, is the work of Bernini and called by Lees-Milne "one of the greatest tombs of the Baroque Age". It occupies an awkward position, being set in a niche above a doorway into a small vestry, but Bernini has utilized the doorway in a symbolic manner. Pope Alexander kneels upon his tomb, facing outward. The tomb is supported on a large draped shroud in patterned red marble, and is supported by four female figures, of whom only the two at the front are fully visible. They represent Charity and Truth. The foot of Truth rests upon a globe of the world, her toe being pierced symbolically by the thorn of Protestant England. Coming forth, seemingly, from the doorway as if it were the entrance to a tomb, is the skeletal winged figure of Death, its head hidden beneath the shroud, but its right hand carrying an hourglass stretched upward towards the kneeling figure of the pope.[25]
^ abClaims made that the Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro in Côte d'Ivoire is larger appear to be spurious, as the measurements include a rectorate, a villa and probably the forecourt. Its dome, based on that of St. Peter's Basilica, is lower but carries a taller cross, and thus claims to be the tallest domed church.[citation needed]
^James Lees-Milne describes St. Peter's Basilica as "a church with a unique position in the Christian world" in Lees-Milne 1967, p. 12.
^Boorsch, Suzanne (Winter 1982–1983). "The Building of the Vatican: The Papacy and Architecture". The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin. 40 (3): 4–8.
^Quarrying of stone for the Colosseum had, in turn, been paid for with treasure looted at the Siege of Jerusalem and destruction of the temple by the emperor Vespasian's general (and the future emperor) Titus in 70 AD., Claridge, Amanda (1998). Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide (First ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998. pp. 276–282. ISBN0-19-288003-9.
^Julius II's tomb was left incomplete and was eventually erected in the Church of St Peter ad Vincola.
^"Johann Tetzel", Encyclopædia Britannica, 2007: "Tetzel's experiences as a preacher of indulgences, especially between 1503 and 1510, led to his appointment as general commissioner by Albrecht, archbishop of Mainz, who, deeply in debt to pay for a large accumulation of benefices, had to contribute a considerable sum toward the rebuilding of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Albrecht obtained permission from Pope Leo X to conduct the sale of a special plenary indulgence (i.e., remission of the temporal punishment of sin), half of the proceeds of which Albrecht was to claim to pay the fees of his benefices. In effect, Tetzel became a salesman whose product was to cause a scandal in Germany that evolved into the greatest crisis (the Reformation) in the history of the Western church."
^The statue was damaged in 1972 by Lazlo Toft, a Hungarian-Australian, who considered that the veneration shown to the statue was idolatrous. The damage was repaired and the statue subsequently placed behind glass.
^Source: the respective biographical entries on Essay of a General List of Cardinals by Salvador Miranda with corrections provided by Werner Maleczek, Papst und Kardinalskolleg von 1191 bis 1216, Wien 1984 for the period before 1190 until 1254
^"Since Nicholas V twenty-seven popes over a span of 178 years had imagined this day. They had already spent 46 800 052 ducats (...) And still the building was not done. The basic construction was complete, but the last genius (Bernini) to put his signature on the Basilica was just beginning his work." in Scotti 2007, p. 241.
Frommel, Christoph (1986). "Papal Policy: The Planning of Rome during the Renaissance in The Evidence of Art: Images and Meaning in History". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. Cambridge. 17 (1): 39–65. doi:10.2307/204124. ISSN0022-1953. JSTOR204124.(subscription required) |
This invention relates to a gripper device for thin, plate-like parts, especially sheet-metal parts, with a plurality of suction cups disposed on the underside of a carrier frame.
Gripper devices with suction cups are frequently used in industry to separate and/or change the position of thin, plate-like parts such as e.g. sheet-metal parts. They are particularly suitable for use in combination with robots when the aim is to achieve a largely automated method of working.
Where gripper devices of the said type are not intended to be used exclusively with one and the same plate-like part, the positions of the suction cups have to be adjustable to a certain degree. For this purpose the suction cups may be disposed on star or cross-shaped carrier frames with arms that can be adjusted, and, in particular, can be extended and retracted radially. It is necessary in particular to be able to make adjustments in order to take account of the bending characteristics of very thin plates, or to position the suction cups against the flat surfaces of three-dimensional parts.
Until now, the adjustment process has been mainly carried out by hand. When parts have to be changed frequently, however, this procedure is no longer feasible for economical reasons. To date, largely automatable solutions have comprised positioning motors with relatively precise position transducers and appropriate gears for adjusting the suction caps. These solutions were relatively complex and costly. They also tended to increase the weight of the carrier frame and were therefore also associated with disadvantages from the energy consumption point of view.
The invention is based on the task of equipping a gripper device of the above type, i.e. one which is used in conjunction with a robot, with a simple, cost-effective means of adjusting the suction cups.
According to the invention, this task is solved by a gripper device of the above type which is characterized in that the suction cups are fixed to the outer ends of four gear racks which are disposed as a cross and can be displaced longitudinally along two superimposed planes, in that in the centre of the cross formed by the racks, mounted in a vertical axis, there is a toothed gear which extends over both superimposed planes, in that the gear racks engage with the toothed gear in pairs from diametrically opposed sides, and in that a control rod with a gear rack profile engages with the toothed gear on a third plane, said control rod having an engaging device at one radially external end.
In a mechanism of this type, the gear racks are adjusted radially in that the engaging member is made to engage with a fixed point in the vicinity of the gripper device, and the gripper device is then moved horizontally by the associated robot in such a way that the control rod is displaced radially towards the exterior or the interior. When the control rod is displaced longitudinally the toothed gear rotates, and the rotation of the toothed gear extends or retracts the four gear racks.
The gear racks are preferably positioned between top and bottom clamping plates, between which they are displaced within longitudinal guides. Once the correct adjustment has been found for the gear racks, they can be clamped in position by clamping the clamping plates together. Air cylinders are provided for this purpose on top of the top clamping plate or underneath the bottom clamping plate, whose piston rods run through the corresponding clamping plate and are connected with the opposite clamping plate. |
Giants outslug Diamondbacks for series sweep
MLB
San Francisco Giants' Hunter Pence (8) celebrates his run scored against the Arizona Diamondbacks with assistant hitting coach Rick Schu, left, Austin Slater, second from right, and Nick Hundley, right, during the fifth inning of a baseball game Sunday, July 1, 2018, in Phoenix. (AP Photo/Ross D. Franklin)
PHOENIX — The surging San Francisco Giants have made the NL West a little more intriguing.
Brandon Belt and Joe Panik drove in two runs each, Hunter Pence had a pinch-hit, two-run double, and the Giants completed a three-game sweep with a 9-6 victory over the division-leading Arizona Diamondbacks. It was San Francisco’s seventh win in eight games and their first sweep of the Diamondbacks since September of 2016. San Francisco moved into a second-place tie at 2 1/2 games behind Arizona for the first time since June 10.
A four-run fifth inning highlighted by Pence’s double off reliever Silvino Bracho gave the Giants an 8-3 lead. Cory Gearrin (1-1) got one out in the fourth inning to earn the win in relief of starter Derek Holland.
Afterward, manager Bruce Bochy praised the veteran Pence — who is primarily a bench player at present — for accepting his role.
“He is our spiritual leader. I know his role has changed and he has handled it so well. This is a little bit of a change for him and it is not easy,” Bochy said. “He has a great attitude and just wants to help the club win.”
The Giants tagged starter Zack Godley (9-6) for seven runs on nine hits in four-plus innings, ending his four-game winning streak. But Holland didn’t make it out of the fourth, chased after loading the bases with an intentional walk with San Francisco leading 4-3.
The Diamondbacks couldn’t take advantage, as Belt raced well beyond the first base bag into shallow right field to throw out Christian Walker at first and end the inning.
“We feel like we are in a good rhythm,” Pence said. “It’s part of baseball and we feel like we are working on all cylinders and that is definitely momentum.”
Holland allowed three runs on seven hits in 3 2/3 innings.
Godley’s five walks were the second most he’s issued in a start this season.
“I couldn’t locate certain pitches and they took advantage of that,” Godley said. “They’re swinging the bat really well right now, one through nine.”
Arizona rallied with two runs in the seventh on Paul Goldschmidt’s 18th home run of the season, and Jarrod Dyson became the eighth player in team history to record at least two hits, two RBIs and two stolen bases in a game.
The Diamondbacks brought the tying run to the plate in the ninth with two outs, but Will Smith struck out Jake Lamb for Smith’s second save.
Giants: 3B Pablo Sandoval was hit by a pitch in the right elbow in the third inning and left the game before the bottom of the inning. X-rays were negative and the injury was announced as a deep bruise, with Sandoval’s status day to day. ... 3B Evan Longoria is about a week away from taking some swings as he works his way back from a broken left hand, Bochy said. ... RHP Jeff Samardzija’s final rehab start for Triple- A Sacramento is set for Monday and he is expected to pitch five or six innings with around 90 pitches.
Diamondbacks: INF Ketel Marte was held out after suffering a right leg cramp in Saturday’s game. Manager Torey Lovullo said he felt the team “dodged a bullet” as far a more serious injury.
UP NEXT
Giants: LHP Madison Bumgarner (1-2) is set for his sixth start of the season in the series opener against the Colorado Rockies on Monday in Denver.
Diamondbacks: LHP Robbie Ray (3-0) is set to face the St. Louis Cardinals in the series opener at Chase Field on Monday. |
# Vector 3 Node
## Description
Defines a **Vector 3** value in the shader. If [Ports](Port.md) **X**, **Y** and **Z** are not connected with [Edges](Edge.md) this [Node](Node.md) defines a constant **Vector 3**, otherwise this [Node](Node.md) can be used to combine various **Vector 1** values.
## Ports
| Name | Direction | Type | Binding | Description |
|:------------ |:-------------|:-----|:---|:---|
| X | Input | Vector 1 | None | Input x component value |
| Y | Input | Vector 1 | None | Input y component value |
| Z | Input | Vector 1 | None | Input z component value |
| Out | Output | Vector 3 | None | Output value |
## Generated Code Example
The following example code represents one possible outcome of this node.
```
float3 _Vector3_Out = float3(X, Y, Z);
``` |
Q:
connect two different database in one laravel 5.5
I want to minimize this by removing if else statement using simple code in laravel 5.5 can someone help me with it?
public function shirts($type='')
{
if($type == 'glass') {
$shirt = Product::where('category_id','1')->get();
$products = Category::find(1);
} elseif ($type == 'ic') {
$shirt = Product::where('category_id','2')->get();
$products = Category::find(2);
} elseif ($type == 'cover') {
$shirt = Product::where('category_id','3')->get();
$products = Category::findOrFail(3);
} else {
$shirt = Product::all();
}
return view('front.shirt',compact('products','shirt'));
}
A:
One way would be to create a mappings for your type and comparing the type with the mappings.
public function shirts($type = '')
{
$type_mappings = [
'glass' => 1,
'ic' => 2,
'cover' => 3
];
if(array_key_exists($type, $type_mappings)) {
$shirt = Product::where('category_id', $type_mappings[$type])->get();
$products = Category::find($type_mappings[$type]);
} else {
$shirt = Product::all();
$products = null;
}
return view('front.shirt', compact('products', 'shirt'));
}
|
President Obama to Ron Johnson: Stop Playing Politics with SCOTUS and Do Your Job!
MADISON – President Obama went on WISN today to tell Senator Johnson to stop playing Washington games with the Supreme Court. The President gave Johnson a refresher in the Constitution saying, “There’s nothing in the Constitution that says if you’re in an election year the President shall not make a nomination. It says the opposite — it says you shall and then it says the Senate shall advise and consent.”
Johnson is in lockstep with Senator Mitch McConnell and refuses to do his job and vote on the President’s SCOTUS nominee. He’s told Wisconsinites to just “move on” because “it’s not going to happen,” even though poll after poll shows voters want the Senate to act. Johnson is more concerned with the opinions of his ultra-conservative colleagues than Wisconsinites. He told reporters on Sunday, “I know the people that voted for me want to make sure that I only will confirm a judge, not a super-legislator…there’s no pressure on me,” to act on the nomination.
One thought on “President Obama to Ron Johnson: Stop Playing Politics with SCOTUS and Do Your Job!”
President Obama spoke with clarity to Senator Johnson on the obligation of the senator to consider Obama’s nominee to the Supreme Court. The word “shall” is imperative. It was imperative for Obama to name a nominee. It is imperative for Johnson to consider that nominee.
Johnson has looked like a pretzel in his twisted explanations of denial to perform what is clearly his duty in this regard.
You have time to get straight, Ron, if you goose Mitch Mac and Chuck Grassly into holding a hearing and taking a vote on the nominee. |
Peak alignment using wavelet pattern matching and differential evolution.
Retention time shifts badly impair qualitative or quantitative results of chemometric analyses when entire chromatographic data are used. Hence, chromatograms should be aligned to perform further analysis. Being inspired and motivated by this purpose, a practical and handy peak alignment method (alignDE) is proposed, implemented in this research for one-way chromatograms, which basically consists of five steps: (1) chromatogram lengths equalization using linear interpolation; (2) accurate peak pattern matching by continuous wavelet transform (CWT) with the Mexican Hat and Haar wavelets as its mother wavelets; (3) flexible baseline fitting utilizing penalized least squares; (4) peak clustering when gap of two peaks is smaller than a certain threshold; (5) peak alignment using differential evolution (DE) to maximize linear correlation coefficient between reference signal and signal to be aligned. This method is demonstrated with both simulated chromatograms and real chromatograms, for example, chromatograms of fungal extracts and Red Peony Root obtained by HPLC-DAD. It is implemented in R language and available as open source software to a broad range of chromatograph users (http://code.google.com/p/alignde). |
Potentiation of ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation of biological membranes by vitamin C.
The hydroxyl free radical (.OH) was generated by the system of ADP-Fe++ and H2O2, trapped by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and analyzed by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The addition of vitamin C to the system decreased considerably the amount of hydroxyl adduct of DMPO formed. In the presence of ethanol, the ESR spectrum observed was a composite signal of the hydroxyl and hydroxyethyl (HE) adducts of DMPO. However, in the presence of vitamin C and ethanol, pure HE adduct of DMPO was detected. We also detected the increase in lipid peroxidation in the presence of ethanol and vitamin C. These data lead us to hypothesize that in the biological system, formation of these long-lived HE free radicals may result in membrane damage due to an increase in lipid peroxidation. |
The City of New Melle Planning and Zoning Commission needs two (2) members. The Planning and Zoning Commission meets once a month on the first Tuesday at 7:00pm. Duties of the commission include:
• Review and make recommendation on all rezoning requests.
• Review and make recommendation on all conditional use permit requests.
• Review and make recommendation on all amendments to the zoning ordinance and the subdivision regulations.
• Review and make recommendation on all applications for site plan approval.
• Review and make recommendations on the Comprehensive Plan.
• Review all directory signs as to their height and overall square feet.
• Advisory items to the Board of Aldermen as requested by the Board of Aldermen.
The City of New Melle Board of Adjustment needs one (1) new member. The Board of Adjustment only meets when necessary and has only met two times this year. It consists of five (5) members that hear requests for variances of the building codes, zoning, or other property related issues. The Board is a “recommendation only” board and would make recommendation to the Planning and Zoning Commission or Board of Aldermen to either accept or deny a variance. The Board of Aldermen would be the final voting body to determine the outcome of the request.
Please consider volunteering for these much-needed positions with the City of New Melle and become involved in the decision-making process of its future. For more information or questions, contact Savanna at 636-828-4807.
|
Summary
The following content is intended for mature audiences and may contain sexual themes, gore, violence and/or strong language. Discretion is advised.
Childhood friends Seyun and Yoojin struggle to maintain their friendship as their lives take them down different paths. But when old feelings start resurfacing, a bitter tug-of-war starts, with hearts in the balance, secrets in the closet, and twists that nobody sees coming!
Photos about this manga (All)
Other manga by the same author(s)
Chapters(1) |
Hospital specific aspects predominantly determine primary failure of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas.
Primary failure of the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is a major problem affecting native hemodialysis access use. A multicenter guideline implementation program, Care Improvement by Multidisciplinary approach for Increase of Native vascular access Obtainment (CIMINO), was designed to identify modifiable and nonmodifiable factors involved in the early functionality of the AVF. Physicians and dialysis staff in 11 centers in the Netherlands (N = 1092 prevalent vascular accesses) were strongly and repeatedly advised to adhere to current guidelines. It was advised to always perform a standard preoperative duplex examination and physicians were encouraged to attempt salvaging procedures for failing and failed fistulae. Specially appointed access nurses prospectively registered all created vascular accesses in an internet-linked database. Primary failure (PF) was defined as a complication of the AVF before the first successful cannulation for hemodialysis treatment. Modifiable and nonmodifiable factors were related to risk of primary failure using logistic regression models. We restricted the analyses to the first AVF of each patient that was placed during the observation period. Between May 2004 and May 2006, an AVF was created in 395 patients. Primary failure occurred in one third (131 cases). Factors related to an increased risk of primary failure were female gender (odds ratio (OR): 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.94), renal replacement therapy prior to AVF placement (OR: 1.19 per year on RRT, CI: 1.05-1.34), diabetes mellitus (OR: 3.08, CI: 1.53-6.20), and AVF placement at the wrist (compared with elbow) (OR: 1.86, CI: 1.03-3.36). Primary failure rate among the participating centers varied from 8% to 50%. Compared to the two centers with the lowest primary failure rates, six centers had a significantly higher primary failure rate. Adjustment for risk factors and surgery-related factors did not materially change the center-related findings. In conclusion, we have identified location of AVF placement as a modifiable factor influencing primary failure risk. More importantly, this study shows that the probability of primary failure is strongly related to the center of access creation, suggesting an important role for the vascular surgeon's skills and decisions. |
Turboblotter Kit
Stack and Buffer trays. These can apparently be improvised using empty tip boxes (?).
Blotting paper.
(+)nylon membrane (Nytran SuPerCharge)
buffer wick
10X BPTE electrophoresis buffer
This buffer has low ionic strength and does not remove glyoxal from RNA during electrophoresis and therefore does not have to be recirculated.
The final pH of this 10x buffer is ~6.5.
100 mM PIPES
300 mM Bis-Tris
10 mM EDTA
Prepare by adding the following to 90 ml of distilled H2O. (might scale up to 500ml for first time).
3 g of PIPES (free acid)
6 g of Bis-Tris (free base)
2 ml of 0.5 M EDTA
Treat the solution with final concentration of 0.1% DEPC for 1 hour at 37°C
Autoclave.
Glyoxal
Commercially available stock solutions of glyoxal contain both hydrated forms of glyoxal and oxidation products that can degrade RNA. These must be removed; we used the protocol as follows (See Sambrook and Russel 3rd Ed, App. 1-24):
Run the Glyoxal over mixed-bed ion exchange resin. We used BioRad AG 501-X8 (D) resin beads (these beads need to be largely blue; if they're gold-orange, they've oxidized and should be disposed of as HazWaste. Our resin was a mix of blue and gold beads, so I ended up just using as much resin as I needed to to get the pH up. This seemed to work fine. ~~Felix Moser. Equal volumes of resin and glyoxal were placed in an epp tube; the glyoxal's pH was measured w/ pH paper strips after a few minutes. Repeat this until the glyoxal's pH is >5.5.
Glyoxal reaction mixture
6mL DMSO
2mL deionized glyoxal
1.2mL of 10X BPTE electrophoresis buffer
0.6mL of 80% glycerol
0.2ml of either ddH2O or ethidium bromide, depending on how or whether you're staining it.
(divide into small aliquots and store at -70°C)
RNA gel loading buffer
95% deionized formamide
Purchase a distilled deionized preparation of formamide and store in small aliquots under nitrogen at -20°C.
0.025% (w/v) bromophenol blue
0.025% (w/v) xylene cyanol FF
5 mM EDTA (pH 8.0)
0.025% (w/v) SDS
got some from Sean Moore. Make sure final volume of buffer is no less than 50% volume of the sample.
Pre-hybridization Buffer
Stringency Wash (6x SSC/ 0.1% SDS)
200 mL Total Volume
2 mL of 10% SDS
60 mL of 20X SSC
138 mL of nuclease-free H2O
Protocol
Running the Gel (2-6hrs, depending on size of gel)
For RNase free electrophoresis apparatus: Clean electrophoresis tanks and combs used for electrophoresis of RNA with detergent solution, rinse in H20, dry with ethanol, and then fill with a solution of 3% H2O2. After 10 minutes at room temperature, rinse the electrophoresis tanks and combs thoroughly with H2O treated with 0.1% DEPC
This protocol comes pretty much straight from Sambrook and Russel 3rd ed.:7-29.
Set up the glyoxal denaturation reaction by combining 0.5-2 ul of RNA (up to 10 ug) with 10 ul of glyoxal reaction mixture. You MUST also treat your RNA ladder the EXACT SAME WAY so it runs the same as your samples if you want to use it for comparison.
Incubate the RNA solutions for 60 minutes at 55°C. Chill the samples for 10 minutes in ice water and then centrifuge them for 5 seconds to deposit all of the fluid in the bottom of the microfuge tubes.
While the samples are incubating, clean electrophoresis tank if necessary, and pour a 1.5% agarose gel in 1X BPTE (1.05 g agarose in 70 mL buffer). When set, cover the gel with sufficient buffer.
Add the formamide loading buffer (>equal volume buffer) to the glyoxylated RNA samples, and without delay, load the glyoxylated RNA samples into the wells of the gel.
Trim away areas of the gel to be stained with sybrGold. DO NOT trim the area BELOW the loading dye, since many RNA's run much lower than the dyes; trim the gel later once you know where all your RNA is. (Membrane should be cut to match the size of the gel.) Wrap gel to be stained in sarran wrap and store at 4°C until post-transfer gel is ready to be stained.
7 and 8 are optional steps for improving the transfer of long RNAs, esp from >1% gels. These steps are the from the Turboblotter protocol
Stain gel (can't do if continuing to northern)
Prepare fresh 1:10,000 dilution in RNase free water of SybrGold or SybrGreen (SybrGreen recommended by Sean, since it's specific for RNA; ppbly doesn't make a big difference, though).
Ensure pH is 7.0-8.5.
Pour into staining tray.
Place gel in plastic staining container.
Shield from light.
Agitate gently for 10-40 mins at room temperature.
Image with gel box. (Place a clear ruler next to gel to more accurately assess length.)
Prepare the Membrane (5-15 minutes)
NOTE: Be gentle with the membrane. The number of times a membrane can be stripped and re-probed is usually limited by physical damage to the blot.
Cut a piece of membrane to the dimensions of the agarose gel. Max dimensions for hybridization in 50mL tubes: 8 x 9 cm (circumference x diameter). If membrane is larger, sandwich between sheets of nylon mesh to allow buffer to penetrate overlap.
Wet the membrane by carefully laying it on top of Milli-Q water in a shallow tray. (Do not immerse the Immobilon-Ny+ membrane in liquid on the first liquid exposure. If you wet both sides, air can become trapped in the pores and form bubbles.)
Agitate the tray gently once the membrane is wet to completely immerse the membrane.
Transfer the membrane to a second tray containing transfer buffer (20 x SSC).
Place stack tray of transfer device on bench, making sure it is level.
Place 20 sheets of dry GB004 blotting paper (thick) in stack tray.
Place 4 sheets of dry GB002 blotting paper (thin) on top of stack.
Place one sheet of GB002 blotting paper, prewet in 20xSSC transfer buffer on stack.
Place transfer membrane on stack. Smooth bubbles by rolling a clean glass pipette over the surface. Do not touch with gloves.
Cover the membrane with agarose gel, cut the gel to the size of the membrane, making sure there are no air bubbles between the gel and the membrane.
IF the gel is smaller than the membrane and the surrounding blotting paper, cover the area surrounding the gel w/ PLASTIC (eg. Sarran wrap, cut-out parts of tip boxes) so that the transfer buffer does not soak through the areas where the blotting paper above the gel touches the blotting paper below it.
WET the top surface of the gel with transfer buffer and place 3 sheets of presoaked (in 20x transfer buffer) GB002 Blotting Paper, in on top of the gel.
Attach the buffer tray of the transfer device to the bottom tray using the circular alignment buttons to align both trays.
Start the transfer by connecting the gel stack with the buffer tray using the precut, PRESOAKED buffer WICK (included in each blotter stack), in transfer buffer. Place the wick cover on top of the stack to prevent evaporation. Make sure the edges of the wick are immersed in the transfer buffer.
Continue the transfer for 3 hr. Additional transfer time may be required for gels thicker than 4 mm or larger-size nucleic acids. (Try 4 hr, since gel is 1.5%)
NOTE: Do not place any other weight on top of the wick cover during transfer. This is unnecessary and may inhibit transfer by crushing the pore structure of the agarose gel.
RNA Fixation with UV Cross-Linking (5 minutes)
It is not necessary to allow the blot to dry completely prior to UV cross-linking.
Place the blot on a sheet of clean filter paper to prevent contamination if you plan to place the UV light source above the blotted RNA. (If you plan to place the membrane on a UV transilluminator, clean the surface with Milli-Q water and a Kimwipe.)
Expose the side of the blot with the bound RNA to a UV light source (254 nm). We used one of the Sauer lab's UV handheld light sources for 5min.
Hybridization (2 hours + overnight + >1 hour)
This part highly depends on the type of labeling one is doing; protocols vary widely in buffers used, types of probe preparation, and hybridization protocol. We used the GE Healthcare AlkaPhos kit; the protocol below is essentially copy-pasted from the kit spec sheet.
If blot dimensions are less than 8 x 9 cm, place blot in a 50 mL Falcon tube, RNA facing in. Make sure the blot doesn't overlap itself. 50 mL conical tubes fit in the Sauer Lab "Bambino" mini-hybridization oven. If blot is too large for a 50 mL Falcon tube, use large glass tubes and Baker Lab hybridization oven. |
Assalamualaikum. My name is Widhi Muttaqien from Expose Academy. This is the second part video of our tutorial about UV unwrapping and texturing workflow in Blender. If you haven’t see the first video where we model this mushroom object, make sure you check it first before watching this one.
Before we move on, I want to explain a little bit, about UV unwrapping. What in the world is UV unwrapping and why do we need them? To answer these questions let me explain first about UV mapping. We need UV map to place texture correctly onto our 3D object. The term textures in 3D computer graphics are basically 2d images okay. Such as JPEG file or PNG file, etc. So you can imagine that we have this 3D object that has volume and then we have these flat 2D image. There will be so many scenarios to place this 2D image onto this 3D object. Right? Just imagine that this 3d object is a gift and the 2d image is a gift paper wrap. We can wrap the gift like this. Or like this. Or like this. So many scenarios. So many possibilities. These method of placing 2D image onto a 3d model is what is called UV mapping. That is why when you try to add a texture to a 3D object, but you haven’t specify the UV mapping on that object, Blender will produce ugly result. This is not Blender’s fault as it has no idea of what kind of scenario or UV mapping that you want to use. Now there are several methods of mapping but in this tutorial we will be focusing on UV unwrapping. Okay.
To explain how UV Unwrapping works. Lets take a look on how a doll is created. To create a doll. A doll maker, will first create sewing pattern like this. He must be able to imagine what the final result will be in 3D form when designing his sewing pattern. So basically their workflow is converting this 2D pattern into this 3D object which is the final doll product. Now as a 3D artist when doing UV unwrapping, we work exactly the other way around. We need to convert a 3D model like this stuffed doll, into this 2D sewing pattern. The way to do this, for example we have this 3D model. All we need to do is to define where the seams will be. For example, we might define the seams to be on these edges. Execute the unwrap command and now we have UV map like this. Of course our 3D model geometry will not actually turned into these flat objects. Everything happens virtually. What we actually do in term of data processing, is just adding additional 2D coordinates data to each of the 3D vertices. We need this 2D coordinates for use with texture placement. Because inside our geometry data we already have X, Y and Z variables for determining the 3D coordinates. We use other letters for 2D coordinate variables. That is why we use U and V letters. U is for horizontal coordinates. Its like the X axis in 2D Cartesian system. And we have V for vertical coordinate similar to the Y axis in 2D Cartesian coordinate. We actually have W axis also, which is perpendicular to the U and V plane, but generally we only use the W axis later for rotational axis. That is if you need to rotate the texture. At this point. We really only care about U and V coordinates when unwrapping.
After unwrapping we can export the UV layout to 2D image editing software such as Krita or Photoshop. We can then add color or texture easily in that software. Later we can bring back the texture to Blender to render it. We can also paint the texture directly inside Blender, as what we’re going to cover in this tutorial. Okay back to UV unwrapping. When unwrapping we can define seams on any edges we like. We can go crazy on this and there is nothing prevent us from doing this. But you must be aware that if we cut the 3D object blindly without any rules. We’ll end up with this kind of UV mapping result. Small chunks of UV islands. This is a bad practice, why? Because when we export this UV layout to Photoshop for example. You will have a very hard time to texture it.
So a good practice of UV unwrapping follows these criteria. First they need to have the smallest amount of seams possible. Because the bigger the UV island when texturing is better. Second there should be no overlapping on the UV islands. Third, there should be less stretch on the 3D model. So the flatter the better. Four create seams where they are less noticeable. Try to add the seams on areas that will mostly hidden from the camera or the viewers eyes. And five try to optimize the texture space. It means we need to try to make the UV islands fill out all of the space available, so less empty area exist in the UV layout. There are still a lot of things we can discuss about unwrapping but I think these 5 rules are enough for now. So lets move on to UV unwrapping our mushroom model.
The first thing that we need to do is to remove the bottom face. Why? Because we will not be able to see it later. Unless you are planning to create animation where the mushroom jumps around or perhaps use it as a game props or items where the player can pull it from the ground and see the mushroom in all direction. If any of these scenarios applied, then you need to keep the bottom face intact. For our tutorial we want to remove it. Okay. So go to edit mode. Make sure we are in face mode. Select the bottom face. Hit X and choose face to delete.
Next we want to select this edges that is pointing toward the positive Y axis. So go to edge mode. Right click in here. Hold Ctrl then right click in here. We’ve talk about holding Ctrl to create point-to-point selection before in the toilet modeling. Okay now to flag these edges as seams. We can go to the tool shelf. Open the shading UV panel and then mark seam. Notice the edges marked as seams will be highlighted with red color. Next hold the Alt key then select this edge loop. Press and hold Shift and Alt then select this edge loop also. Then mark them all as UV seams. And that’s it, we’re finish defining the seams. Next to unwrap the model we need to go face mode and then press A to select all of them. Then press U to open the UV mapping floating panel. As we can see Blender comes with a lot of UV mapping techniques. But we only interested in this unwrap command which is on top of the list. Click it. And nothing happen. The UV mapping is actually done, but we wont be able to see it in the 3D view. As I mentioned earlier. Our 3D model will never get changed. Everything happens virtually. To see the UV mapping. We need to have a the UV image editor panel open. Now we can see the UV layout.
If you unwrap and haven’t done anything else. You will see down here in the 3D view, a value called margin. This margin value controls how far the gap will be between UV islands. As we can see now, if we zoomed in. The gap between UV islands is very tight. They are not overlapping, which is good, but too close to each other. If you are going to texture this on other 2D software you might have a hard time to texture it as it is very hard to avoid paint bleeding with small gaps like these. Generally I stay away from this small value. If we click on the text field and change it to 0.1 for example. Notice the gap become bigger. I think 0.05 is a good number for our current situation here.
If we only want to paint texture in 3D right inside Blender. This UV mapping is already enough. But if you like to use other 2D painting software, you might want to adjust the UV islands so they aligned or arranged with vertical and horizontal correction. For example we want to make this island which is the trunk of the mushroom to be straight, vertically and horizontally. We can do that by first selecting the face in here. We’re going to fix the vertex alignment of this face and then tell the other faces to follow this face. Okay. So lets focus on the UV image panel up here. Go to edge mode which this button in here. Next select the upper edge. We can straighten this face in several ways. We can press S to go to scale mode than hit Y to constrain it to Y axis and then press 0 and hit enter. If you are confused. In the 2D world which the UV image editor we have in here. The U axis is the same as the X axis, which is the horizontal axis. The V axis is the same as the Y axis which the vertical axis. Okay. So again, this way is X. And this way is Y. Is like viewing our 3D world but from above or from the top viewport.
Another way to straighten the edges, is to use the W shortcut. So select this edge first. Press W, and then notice down here we have this align auto and the shortcut is A. Which is the letter with underscore below it. I prefer the auto align command as it will detect whether we are close to X or to Y alignment automatically. So for example select this edge then press W and then A. Select this edge again, W, A. I think this method is faster then using the scale to zero method, because you only need to press 2 keys in sequence. Okay after we have aligned face like this, we can select the whole faces in the trunk. We can do this easily by hovering our mouse over one of the faces down here and press L on the keyboard. Notice Blender will selectively select all of the faces that are bound by the seam edges. The selection will not cross the seam we define before up here. Very cool. Next we want to make sure the face we corrected before is set to active selection. You might be wondering what is active selection? If you look at our face selection down here. The selected faces are colored with orange color by default. Unless you change the theme or the color option that is. But orange is the default color for the selection, okay. Now notice in this selection there is always 1 face that has different color. This is the active face. Usually when we select multiple faces one by one, the last selected face will be considered as the active face. Now we just need to make sure that this face, which is the one we corrected before is selected as the active face. If not, just use shift and right click to unselect it and shift select it again. So basically this face will be the last face selected, thus making it the active face. Notice how the color is different from the rest. Okay. Now simply press U and then pick this “follow active quad”. We will be prompted with this option. Honestly I have no idea about this option, as the default option always works great for me. I may need to check the documentation later. For now, just let the default option which is “length average” selected and hit the OK button. Now we can see at the UV image editor panel, the trunk UV island is now straighten. This will make texturing later on external image editor easier. But before moving on notice when we go to 3d view and hit A twice to select all of the faces. The UV layout is not optimized. What I mean by that is, there are so many areas where they are empty. This area is a waste of texture space. If we use this texture file later, we will have all of these including the empty areas allocated in the memory, but they are never used or visible in the rendering. To fix this we can select this whole island by hovering over it and press L. And then just scale this up. If you want to move it you can press G, just how we do it in 3D view. So G to move, S to scale and R to rotate. I think this is enough for now. Although you can scale this up to Y axis, I discourage you from doing that as this will break the scaling proportion and introduce some problem later when you do texturing in external image editing software. We’re not going to do texturing on external software in this tutorial, but if you do want to texture it on another software you need to export the UV layout as an image file. To do that simply click on this “UV” menu and select this “export UV layout” command. You can set the image format and the size down here and then name your image in here then click the export UV layout button up here. I’m not going to do that so I just hit the cancel button.
In the next video we’ll cover texture painting process right inside Blender. As always don’t forget to subscribe to my channel. Give a thumbs-up if you like the video and give a thumbs-down if you don’t like the video. See you in the next part. Wassalamualaikum.
An entrepreneur and an academic lecturer in computer graphic field. He has master degree in business management and system information. He founded several creative-based companies some of them are expose-3D (expose3d.com) and blastocode game studio (blastocode.com).
Assalamualaikum. My name is Widhi Muttaqien. I'm an entrepreneur and also an academic lecturer in Computer Graphic disciplines. Expose Academy is my company which provide courses in CG industry. We provide online courses internationally through Udemy and other platforms and also class-courses locally here in Indonesia. |
Correction to This Article
A July 14 article said that Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld approved the use of certain interrogation tactics against a detainee who the government believed was to be the "20th hijacker" in the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Rumsfeld approved the use of aggressive tactics against Mohamed Qahtani, but he did not specifically approve attaching a leash to Qahtani's chains or forcing him to wear women's underwear on his head, tactics that were authorized and used by interrogators on the prisoner in late 2002.
Network News
Interrogators at the U.S. detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, forced a stubborn detainee to wear women's underwear on his head, confronted him with snarling military working dogs and attached a leash to his chains, according to a newly released military investigation that shows the tactics were employed there months before military police used them on detainees at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq.
The techniques, approved by Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld for use in interrogating Mohamed Qahtani -- the alleged "20th hijacker" in the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks -- were used at Guantanamo Bay in late 2002 as part of a special interrogation plan aimed at breaking down the silent detainee.
Military investigators who briefed the Senate Armed Services Committee yesterday on the three-month probe, called the tactics "creative" and "aggressive" but said they did not cross the line into torture.
The report's findings are the strongest indication yet that the abusive practices seen in photographs at Abu Ghraib were not the invention of a small group of thrill-seeking military police officers. The report shows that they were used on Qahtani several months before the United States invaded Iraq.
The investigation also supports the idea that soldiers believed that placing hoods on detainees, forcing them to appear nude in front of women and sexually humiliating them were approved interrogation techniques for use on detainees.
A central figure in the investigation, Maj. Gen. Geoffrey Miller, who commanded the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay and later helped set up U.S. operations at Abu Ghraib, was accused of failing to properly supervise Qahtani's interrogation plan and was recommended for reprimand by investigators. Miller would have been the highest-ranking officer to face discipline for detainee abuses so far, but Gen. Bantz Craddock, head of the U.S. Southern Command, declined to follow the recommendation.
Miller traveled to Iraq in September 2003 to assist in Abu Ghraib's startup, and he later sent in "Tiger Teams" of Guantanamo Bay interrogators and analysts as advisers and trainers. Within weeks of his departure from Abu Ghraib, military working dogs were being used in interrogations, and naked detainees were humiliated and abused by military police soldiers working the night shift.
Miller declined to respond to questions posed through a Defense Department liaison. Bryan Whitman, a Pentagon spokesman, said it is not appropriate to link the interrogation of Qahtani -- an important al Qaeda operative captured shortly after the terrorist attacks -- and events at Abu Ghraib. Whitman said interrogation tactics in the Army's field manual are the same worldwide but MPs at Abu Ghraib were not authorized to apply them, regardless of how they learned about them.
Some of the Abu Ghraib soldiers have said they were following the directionsof military intelligence officials to soften up detainees for interrogation, in part by depriving them of sleep. Pvt. Charles A. Graner Jr., characterized as the ringleader of the MP group, was found guilty of abusing detainees and is serving 10 years in prison. Others have pleaded guilty and received lesser sentences.
The photos that caused alarm around the world included some showing the MPs sexually humiliating the detainees.
While Rumsfeld approved a list of 16 harsh techniques for use at Guantanamo on Dec. 2, 2002, most of the techniques were general and allowed for interpretation by interrogators. Many of the techniques involving humiliation were part of a standard "futility" or "ego down" approach.
"Reasonable people always suspected these techniques weren't invented in the backwoods of West Virginia," said Tom Malinowski, the Washington director of Human Rights Watch. "It's never been more clear than in this investigation."
Also yesterday, a federal district judge in Washington issued a ruling in which he declined to stop the interrogation of a young Canadian detainee at Guantanamo Bay who has alleged that he was tortured. The detainee said in court filings that he was "short-shackled" to the floor, threatened with sexual abuse and physically mistreated.
The 18-year-old detainee, identified as "O.K.," was arrested after a gunfight in Afghanistan in July 2002, when he was 15. He had asked the court for a preliminary injunction to stop what he called abusive interrogation tactics.
The investigation at Guantanamo Bay looked into 26 allegations by FBI personnel that military interrogators had mistreated detainees. It found that almost all the tactics were "authorized" interrogation methods and by definition were not abusive.
Investigators found only three instances of substantiated abuse, including short-shackling detainees to the floor in awkward positions, the use of duct tape to keep a detainee quiet, and a threat by military interrogators to kill a detainee and his family.
In the case of Qahtani, who endured weeks of sleep deprivation and many of the harshest techniques, Lt. Gen. Mark Schmidt and Brig. Gen. John Furlow found that the cumulative effect of those tactics "resulted in degrading and abusive treatment" but stopped short of torture. Military commanders have said the techniques prompted Qahtani to talk.
The military achieved "solid intelligence gains," by interrogating Qahtani, Craddock said yesterday, and other military officials have said he revealed details on how the terrorist network operates.
The Schmidt-Furlow investigation is the last of about a dozen major Pentagon probes into abuse over the past 15 months.
The abuses at Abu Ghraib included military police taking photos of themselves mimicking the tactics used at Guantanamo Bay. Several photographs taken in late 2003 at the prison outside Baghdad show detainees wearing women's underwear on their heads, detainees shackled to their cell doors or beds in awkward positions, and naked detainees standing before female soldiers. Perhaps the most famous image is of Pfc. Lynndie England holding a leash attached to a detainee's neck.
Qahtani, according to the investigative report, was once attached to a leash and made to walk around the room and "perform a series of dog tricks." The report also notes the use of "gender coercion," in which women straddle a detainee or get too close to them, violating prohibitions for devout Muslim men on contact with women. Interrogators also threatened to tell other detainees that an individual is gay, according to the report. Detainees at Abu Ghraib were posed in mock homosexual positions and photographed.
"There are some striking similarities between the actions at Guantanamo and what occurred at Abu Ghraib," said Capt. Jonathan Crisp, England's military defense attorney. "I feel that warrants further investigation."
Committee Democrats appeared upset that Miller was not held accountable for abuses at Guantanamo Bay, and criticized the investigation for failing to examine the legality of administration and military policy on interrogations. Sen. Jack Reed (D-R.I.) said no senior leader has taken responsibility for detention problems.
Some Republicans, however, said the alleged abuses occurred in just a small fraction of cases. They noted that there have been 24,000 interrogations at Guantanamo Bay and highlighted recent improvements at the facility. Sen. Pat Roberts (R-Kan.) called the Guantanamo abuse relatively "minor incidents" that should not be a matter of national interest. |
Intestinal lymphomas in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus).
Pathological examination of 226 adult hamsters culled in a commercial breeding colony because of health deterioration revealed malignant lymphomas arising from the intestines of 24 animals. Histologically the tumours were classified as centrocytic-centroblastic lymphomas. They were transplantable with cellular suspension, but not with serum or cell-free ascitic fluid of the tumour bearers. The tumor did not metastasize into the spleen. Other types of lymphomas were not diagnosed. |
Coats Island
Coats Island (Inuktitut: Akpatordjuark) lies at the northern end of Hudson Bay in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut. At in size, it is the 107th largest island in the world, and Canada's 24th largest island.
The island has areas of federal crown land and areas of private land owned by Inuit, however, the last permanent residents left in the 1970s. With no permanent settlements, the island is also the largest uninhabited island in the northern hemisphere south of the Arctic Circle. It was the last home of the Sadlermiut people who are widely believed to represent the Dorset culture.
Geography
Coats Island is long. It reaches a maximum elevation of 185 m above sea level. This high point occurs along the rocky northern perimeter between Cape Pembroke and Cape Prefontaine. The underlying rocks in this area are Precambrian metamorphics. Less than 5% of the island is more than above sea level. The southern half of the island is primarily low-lying muskeg and made up of Palaeozoic sedimentary rocks, such as limestone and sandstone.
Fauna
Since 1920, Coats Island has been designated a caribou reserve. After caribou were extirpated from nearby Southampton Island, the Coats herd was used to re-establish the Southampton herd. It is also known for its population of thick-billed murre. Two colonies of 30,000 birds occur along the cliffs at the rocky northern end. There are also significant concentrations of walrus at walrus haulouts at the base of cliffs or on offshore islands at the northern end of the island (one each at Cape Pembroke and Cape Prefontaine). These are visited regularly by Inuit from the hamlet at Coral Harbour, on Southampton Island, for harvesting.
Cape Pembroke is an Important Bird Area.
History
The first recorded sighting of Coats Island was by Thomas Button in 1612; he explored it further the following year. It received its name from William Coats, a sea captain for the Hudson's Bay Company. He visited the area periodically between 1727 and 1751.
In 1824, HMS Griper, under Captain George Francis Lyon, anchored off Cape Pembroke on Coats Island. The whalers then discovered a band of "Eskimos" who were said to have spoken a "strange dialect" and were called Sadlermiut. Since then, the Sadlermiut continued to establish contact with Westerners. However, as with many North American aboriginals, the Sadlermiut were often susceptible to Western diseases.
The area was confirmed to be an island by American whalers, who began visiting the area in the 1860s. By 1896, there were only 70 of Sadlermiut remaining. Then, in the fall of 1902, the British trading/whaling vessel named the Active had made a stop at Cape Low, Southampton Island. It is said that some of the Sadlermiut caught a disease, possibly an influenza, typhoid or typhus, from a sick sailor aboard the Active, which then spread to the entire community. By winter 1902-03, the entire Sadlermiut population had died as a result.
A Hudson's Bay Company trading post was maintained on the island from August 1920 to August 1924, and a number of Inuit families lived on the island during that period, some of whom had been brought from Baffin Island on boats. In 1921, an overturned fisherman's dory covering two skeletons was found by Capt. George Cleveland on Coats Island which were alleged to be the remains of Captain Arthur Gibbons and one of his officers, survivors of the wreck of the American whaling schooner A. T. Gifford. The Canadian Government held a criminal investigation.
References
Category:Islands of Hudson Bay
Category:Uninhabited islands of Kivalliq Region
Category:Hudson's Bay Company trading posts in Nunavut
Category:Former populated places in the Kivalliq Region
Category:Islands of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago |
At least two rockets have hit an area south of the Lebanese capital, Beirut, that houses the Defence Ministry and presidential palace, according to the state-run news agency.
Witnesses said one of the rockets fell only a few metres from an entrance to the presidential palace in Baabda on Friday.There were no casualties from the apparent attacks.
The other rocket damaged a private residence there.
It was not immediately clear who fired them or from where.
Alain Aoun, Member of Free Patriotic Movement parliamentary bloc, said the attack meant there were no areas in the country that were considered safe from these sorts of attacks.
The blasts were the latest in a series of rocket attacks that have targeted areas just south of Beirut n the past two months, a direct fallout from the civil war in neighbouring Syria.
Lebanon is deeply divided between supporters and opponents of Syrian President Bashar Assad.
The attack comes on the same day that President Michel Suleiman gave a speech for Army Day in which he criticised the involvement of the Lebanese Hezbollah group in the Syrian civil war in support of Assad's forces.
Suleiman called for Hezbollah's weapons to be folded under that of the Lebanese army.
The group has a formidable weapons arsenal that rivals that of the national army.
In June, a Grad rocket fired from north of Beirut exploded near the city and the army found a second rocket at the launch site.
And in May, two rockets hit Hezbollah's hub in Beirut shortly after the group's leader made a speech defending the movement's participation in Syria's conflict. |
MOTHER AND SON CONVICTED OF MURDERING ESTRANGED HUSBAND
On behalf of Marianne Bertuna of Aidala Bertuna & Kamins posted in Violent Crimes on Thursday August 10, 2017.
A New York woman and her son have been convicted on murder charges after they allegedly killed the woman’s estranged husband in the summer of 2016. Prosecutors said that a contentious divorce and custody battle factored into the murder.
Prosecutors said that the 50-year-old man was beaten and strangled in his Penfield home in July 2016. His body was then dumped about 40 miles away. Prosecutors said that the man’s face had been disfigured with acid in an attempt to make his body unidentifiable. The woman was accused of entering the home afterwards to clean it of any evidence. Her two sons were also accused of helping their mother cover up the evidence.
The 46-year-old woman and one of her sons, age 22, were convicted of second-degree murder and tampering with the evidence. The second son, age 19, was convicted of tampering with the evidence but was acquitted of murder. Further, the mother’s boyfriend was also acquitted of murder. They were scheduled to be sentenced on Sept. 1.
When a person is accused of committing violent crimes, he or she could face a long trial that could result in convictions if the prosecution has evidence to back up the allegations. If a person is convicted on these charges, the potential punishments could include a lengthy prison sentence, fines and a criminal record that effectively prevents the person from living a normal life once the sentence is completed. However, a criminal law attorney could fight the charges if the evidence was not properly collected or handled by the authorities. |
Low turnout expected as school budgets are up for a vote
More than $3 billion and 84 elected positions are at stake during Tuesday's school budget and board member elections in Erie and Niagara counties.
And despite the high stakes, if the trend of the past few years continues, there will be fewer voters going to the polls than last year here and throughout New York State.
Nearly 1 million voted in school elections throughout New York State in 2010. That number dropped to about 578,000 last year, a drop of 40 percent, according to the New York State Association of School Business Officials.
Voter participation in school elections in Erie and Niagara counties has declined about 27 percent from 2010 to 2016.
Since the tax cap was initiated, an overwhelming number of budgets have gained approval from voters. The passing rate for school budgets was more than 98 percent in each of the last three years, according the New York State School Boards Association.
Passing rates that high have not been seen in the 48 years of records listed on the association's website. That means budgets are passing at a higher rate by fewer and fewer voters.
Students walk through the hallway at Clinton Street Elementary School in West Seneca, on Wednesday, May 10, 2017. (Derek Gee/Buffalo News)
The number of voters has been steadily dropping, and that decline intensified after the state tax cap was enacted in 2012, according to the business officials organization. The state school boards association has noticed the trend as well.
"You could make a good case the tax cap has really reduced voter turnout," said David Albert, spokesman for the school boards association.
Even though most budgets will pass, a proposed budget is more likely to fail if the tax levy is above the tax cap.
"Whether or not the tax cap has caused the decrease in voter turnout, they have gone together," Albert said. "We've seen a steady decline."
All the proposed budgets in Erie and Niagara counties total more than $3 million, and residents will be voting on other propositions, too.
Some residents will be voting to buy new buses, or to use money from reserves to pay for new buses, like in Alden, Clarence, Grand Island, Holland, Springville-Griffith, North Collins, Orchard Park and West Seneca.
Some will vote on buying land, like residents in Niagara-Wheatfield, where school officials want to purchase land across from Errick Road Elementary School to address parking needs.
Others will vote on capital projects that will tackle health and safety issues in district facilities, like at Frontier and Lewiston-Porter, or improvements to arts, athletic and technology facilities, like in Lake Shore. Sloan and Cheektowaga voters will decide on having high school students serve in nonvoting positions on school boards.
For all of the school election results, check BuffaloNews.com after 8 p.m. Some polls don't close until 9 p.m. |
Q:
Switch to 64 bit or stay at 32 bit?
I have a small office, and I currently use a Visual Foxpro Application that I wrote to handle all the data.
It is time to buy a new server. It seems that there are problems with VFP and 64 bit operating system. Should I make the move to 64 bit and try to deal with the problems that arise, or buy a new server running the older 32 bit acrhitecture?
The latter would of course require that I use Exchange 2003 instead of 2007 or 2008. Probably no big deal?
A:
Maybe you could use virtualisation products to set up an appropiate environment on the modern server which still is compatible to VFP.
That way you could run the conflicting applications in a virtual 32bit-environment on the new server and the modern applications outside on the real 64bit-environment.
|
xml.html do
xml.p "Hello"
end
"String return value"
|
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor binding and adrenergic-stimulated cyclic AMP production in rat cerebral cortex after chronic lithium treatment.
Administration to rats of dietary lithium for 30 days was followed by evaluation of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor binding and of adrenergic-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in rat cerebral cortex. Chronic lithium treatment did not alter the binding characteristics of [3H]prazosin or the proportion of alpha-1 adrenergic receptor subtypes distinguished by chlorethyl-clonidine (CEC) pretreatment in rat cerebral cortical membranes. Accumulation of cAMP in cortical slices incubated with adrenergic agonists was unaffected in lithium-treated rats. These results demonstrate that chronic lithium treatment-induced reduction of norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis (Casebolt and Jope, 1987) is not due to changes in the alpha-1 adrenergic receptor and is more sensitive to in vivo lithium treatment than is adrenergic-stimulated cAMP accumulation. |
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*
* miscinit.c
* miscellaneous initialization support stuff
*
* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2019, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
*
*
* IDENTIFICATION
* src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
*
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
#include "postgres.h"
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <grp.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#ifdef HAVE_UTIME_H
#include <utime.h>
#endif
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
#include "common/file_perm.h"
#include "libpq/libpq.h"
#include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
#include "miscadmin.h"
#include "pgstat.h"
#include "postmaster/autovacuum.h"
#include "postmaster/fts.h"
#include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
#include "postmaster/startup.h"
#include "replication/walsender.h"
#include "storage/fd.h"
#include "storage/ipc.h"
#include "storage/latch.h"
#include "storage/pg_shmem.h"
#include "storage/pmsignal.h"
#include "storage/proc.h"
#include "storage/procarray.h"
#include "utils/builtins.h"
#include "utils/faultinjector.h"
#include "utils/gdd.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/inval.h"
#include "utils/memutils.h"
#include "utils/pidfile.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"
#include "utils/varlena.h"
#include "cdb/cdbvars.h"
#include "utils/resgroup.h"
#include "utils/resource_manager.h"
#include "utils/resscheduler.h"
#define DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE "postmaster.pid"
ProcessingMode Mode = InitProcessing;
/* List of lock files to be removed at proc exit */
static List *lock_files = NIL;
static Latch LocalLatchData;
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
* ignoring system indexes support stuff
*
* NOTE: "ignoring system indexes" means we do not use the system indexes
* for lookups (either in hardwired catalog accesses or in planner-generated
* plans). We do, however, still update the indexes when a catalog
* modification is made.
* ----------------------------------------------------------------
*/
bool IgnoreSystemIndexes = false;
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
* database path / name support stuff
* ----------------------------------------------------------------
*/
void
SetDatabasePath(const char *path)
{
/* This should happen only once per process */
Assert(!DatabasePath);
DatabasePath = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, path);
}
/*
* Validate the proposed data directory.
*
* Also initialize file and directory create modes and mode mask.
*/
void
checkDataDir(void)
{
struct stat stat_buf;
Assert(DataDir);
if (stat(DataDir, &stat_buf) != 0)
{
if (errno == ENOENT)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("data directory \"%s\" does not exist",
DataDir)));
else
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read permissions of directory \"%s\": %m",
DataDir)));
}
/* eventual chdir would fail anyway, but let's test ... */
if (!S_ISDIR(stat_buf.st_mode))
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("specified data directory \"%s\" is not a directory",
DataDir)));
/*
* Check that the directory belongs to my userid; if not, reject.
*
* This check is an essential part of the interlock that prevents two
* postmasters from starting in the same directory (see CreateLockFile()).
* Do not remove or weaken it.
*
* XXX can we safely enable this check on Windows?
*/
#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
if (stat_buf.st_uid != geteuid())
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has wrong ownership",
DataDir),
errhint("The server must be started by the user that owns the data directory.")));
#endif
/*
* Check if the directory has correct permissions. If not, reject.
*
* Only two possible modes are allowed, 0700 and 0750. The latter mode
* indicates that group read/execute should be allowed on all newly
* created files and directories.
*
* XXX temporarily suppress check when on Windows, because there may not
* be proper support for Unix-y file permissions. Need to think of a
* reasonable check to apply on Windows.
*/
#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
if (stat_buf.st_mode & PG_MODE_MASK_GROUP)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has invalid permissions",
DataDir),
errdetail("Permissions should be u=rwx (0700) or u=rwx,g=rx (0750).")));
#endif
/*
* Reset creation modes and mask based on the mode of the data directory.
*
* The mask was set earlier in startup to disallow group permissions on
* newly created files and directories. However, if group read/execute
* are present on the data directory then modify the create modes and mask
* to allow group read/execute on newly created files and directories and
* set the data_directory_mode GUC.
*
* Suppress when on Windows, because there may not be proper support for
* Unix-y file permissions.
*/
#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(stat_buf.st_mode);
umask(pg_mode_mask);
data_directory_mode = pg_dir_create_mode;
#endif
/* Check for PG_VERSION */
ValidatePgVersion(DataDir);
}
/*
* Set data directory, but make sure it's an absolute path. Use this,
* never set DataDir directly.
*/
void
SetDataDir(const char *dir)
{
char *new;
AssertArg(dir);
/* If presented path is relative, convert to absolute */
new = make_absolute_path(dir);
if (DataDir)
free(DataDir);
DataDir = new;
}
/*
* Change working directory to DataDir. Most of the postmaster and backend
* code assumes that we are in DataDir so it can use relative paths to access
* stuff in and under the data directory. For convenience during path
* setup, however, we don't force the chdir to occur during SetDataDir.
*/
void
ChangeToDataDir(void)
{
AssertState(DataDir);
if (chdir(DataDir) < 0)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not change directory to \"%s\": %m",
DataDir)));
}
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
* User ID state
*
* We have to track several different values associated with the concept
* of "user ID".
*
* AuthenticatedUserId is determined at connection start and never changes.
*
* SessionUserId is initially the same as AuthenticatedUserId, but can be
* changed by SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION (if AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser).
* This is the ID reported by the SESSION_USER SQL function.
*
* OuterUserId is the current user ID in effect at the "outer level" (outside
* any transaction or function). This is initially the same as SessionUserId,
* but can be changed by SET ROLE to any role that SessionUserId is a
* member of. (XXX rename to something like CurrentRoleId?)
*
* CurrentUserId is the current effective user ID; this is the one to use
* for all normal permissions-checking purposes. At outer level this will
* be the same as OuterUserId, but it changes during calls to SECURITY
* DEFINER functions, as well as locally in some specialized commands.
*
* SecurityRestrictionContext holds flags indicating reason(s) for changing
* CurrentUserId. In some cases we need to lock down operations that are
* not directly controlled by privilege settings, and this provides a
* convenient way to do it.
* ----------------------------------------------------------------
*/
static Oid AuthenticatedUserId = InvalidOid;
static Oid SessionUserId = InvalidOid;
static Oid OuterUserId = InvalidOid;
static Oid CurrentUserId = InvalidOid;
/* We also have to remember the superuser state of some of these levels */
static bool AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser = false;
static bool SessionUserIsSuperuser = false;
static int SecurityRestrictionContext = 0;
/* We also remember if a SET ROLE is currently active */
static bool SetRoleIsActive = false;
/*
* Initialize the basic environment for a postmaster child
*
* Should be called as early as possible after the child's startup.
*/
void
InitPostmasterChild(void)
{
IsUnderPostmaster = true; /* we are a postmaster subprocess now */
InitProcessGlobals();
/*
* make sure stderr is in binary mode before anything can possibly be
* written to it, in case it's actually the syslogger pipe, so the pipe
* chunking protocol isn't disturbed. Non-logpipe data gets translated on
* redirection (e.g. via pg_ctl -l) anyway.
*/
#ifdef WIN32
_setmode(fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
#endif
/* We don't want the postmaster's proc_exit() handlers */
on_exit_reset();
/* Initialize process-local latch support */
InitializeLatchSupport();
MyLatch = &LocalLatchData;
InitLatch(MyLatch);
/*
* If possible, make this process a group leader, so that the postmaster
* can signal any child processes too. Not all processes will have
* children, but for consistency we make all postmaster child processes do
* this.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_SETSID
if (setsid() < 0)
elog(FATAL, "setsid() failed: %m");
#endif
/* Request a signal if the postmaster dies, if possible. */
PostmasterDeathSignalInit();
}
/*
* Initialize the basic environment for a standalone process.
*
* argv0 has to be suitable to find the program's executable.
*/
void
InitStandaloneProcess(const char *argv0)
{
Assert(!IsPostmasterEnvironment);
InitProcessGlobals();
/* Initialize process-local latch support */
InitializeLatchSupport();
MyLatch = &LocalLatchData;
InitLatch(MyLatch);
/* Compute paths, no postmaster to inherit from */
if (my_exec_path[0] == '\0')
{
if (find_my_exec(argv0, my_exec_path) < 0)
elog(FATAL, "%s: could not locate my own executable path",
argv0);
}
if (pkglib_path[0] == '\0')
get_pkglib_path(my_exec_path, pkglib_path);
}
void
SwitchToSharedLatch(void)
{
Assert(MyLatch == &LocalLatchData);
Assert(MyProc != NULL);
MyLatch = &MyProc->procLatch;
if (FeBeWaitSet)
ModifyWaitEvent(FeBeWaitSet, 1, WL_LATCH_SET, MyLatch);
/*
* Set the shared latch as the local one might have been set. This
* shouldn't normally be necessary as code is supposed to check the
* condition before waiting for the latch, but a bit care can't hurt.
*/
SetLatch(MyLatch);
}
void
SwitchBackToLocalLatch(void)
{
Assert(MyLatch != &LocalLatchData);
Assert(MyProc != NULL && MyLatch == &MyProc->procLatch);
MyLatch = &LocalLatchData;
if (FeBeWaitSet)
ModifyWaitEvent(FeBeWaitSet, 1, WL_LATCH_SET, MyLatch);
SetLatch(MyLatch);
}
/*
* GetUserId - get the current effective user ID.
*
* Note: there's no SetUserId() anymore; use SetUserIdAndSecContext().
*/
Oid
GetUserId(void)
{
AssertState(OidIsValid(CurrentUserId));
return CurrentUserId;
}
/*
* GetOuterUserId/SetOuterUserId - get/set the outer-level user ID.
*/
Oid
GetOuterUserId(void)
{
AssertState(OidIsValid(OuterUserId));
return OuterUserId;
}
static void
SetOuterUserId(Oid userid)
{
AssertState(SecurityRestrictionContext == 0);
AssertArg(OidIsValid(userid));
OuterUserId = userid;
/* We force the effective user ID to match, too */
CurrentUserId = userid;
}
/*
* GetSessionUserId/SetSessionUserId - get/set the session user ID.
*/
Oid
GetSessionUserId(void)
{
AssertState(OidIsValid(SessionUserId));
return SessionUserId;
}
/* extern so DispatchAgent can use this (postgres.c) */
extern void
SetSessionUserId(Oid userid, bool is_superuser)
{
AssertState(SecurityRestrictionContext == 0);
AssertArg(OidIsValid(userid));
SessionUserId = userid;
SessionUserIsSuperuser = is_superuser;
SetRoleIsActive = false;
/* We force the effective user IDs to match, too */
OuterUserId = userid;
CurrentUserId = userid;
}
bool
IsAuthenticatedUserSuperUser()
{
AssertState(OidIsValid(AuthenticatedUserId));
return AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser;
}
/*
* GetAuthenticatedUserId - get the authenticated user ID
*/
Oid
GetAuthenticatedUserId(void)
{
AssertState(OidIsValid(AuthenticatedUserId));
return AuthenticatedUserId;
}
/*
* GetUserIdAndSecContext/SetUserIdAndSecContext - get/set the current user ID
* and the SecurityRestrictionContext flags.
*
* Currently there are three valid bits in SecurityRestrictionContext:
*
* SECURITY_LOCAL_USERID_CHANGE indicates that we are inside an operation
* that is temporarily changing CurrentUserId via these functions. This is
* needed to indicate that the actual value of CurrentUserId is not in sync
* with guc.c's internal state, so SET ROLE has to be disallowed.
*
* SECURITY_RESTRICTED_OPERATION indicates that we are inside an operation
* that does not wish to trust called user-defined functions at all. This
* bit prevents not only SET ROLE, but various other changes of session state
* that normally is unprotected but might possibly be used to subvert the
* calling session later. An example is replacing an existing prepared
* statement with new code, which will then be executed with the outer
* session's permissions when the prepared statement is next used. Since
* these restrictions are fairly draconian, we apply them only in contexts
* where the called functions are really supposed to be side-effect-free
* anyway, such as VACUUM/ANALYZE/REINDEX.
*
* SECURITY_NOFORCE_RLS indicates that we are inside an operation which should
* ignore the FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY per-table indication. This is used to
* ensure that FORCE RLS does not mistakenly break referential integrity
* checks. Note that this is intentionally only checked when running as the
* owner of the table (which should always be the case for referential
* integrity checks).
*
* Unlike GetUserId, GetUserIdAndSecContext does *not* Assert that the current
* value of CurrentUserId is valid; nor does SetUserIdAndSecContext require
* the new value to be valid. In fact, these routines had better not
* ever throw any kind of error. This is because they are used by
* StartTransaction and AbortTransaction to save/restore the settings,
* and during the first transaction within a backend, the value to be saved
* and perhaps restored is indeed invalid. We have to be able to get
* through AbortTransaction without asserting in case InitPostgres fails.
*/
void
GetUserIdAndSecContext(Oid *userid, int *sec_context)
{
*userid = CurrentUserId;
*sec_context = SecurityRestrictionContext;
}
void
SetUserIdAndSecContext(Oid userid, int sec_context)
{
CurrentUserId = userid;
SecurityRestrictionContext = sec_context;
}
/*
* InLocalUserIdChange - are we inside a local change of CurrentUserId?
*/
bool
InLocalUserIdChange(void)
{
return (SecurityRestrictionContext & SECURITY_LOCAL_USERID_CHANGE) != 0;
}
/*
* InSecurityRestrictedOperation - are we inside a security-restricted command?
*/
bool
InSecurityRestrictedOperation(void)
{
return (SecurityRestrictionContext & SECURITY_RESTRICTED_OPERATION) != 0;
}
/*
* InNoForceRLSOperation - are we ignoring FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY ?
*/
bool
InNoForceRLSOperation(void)
{
return (SecurityRestrictionContext & SECURITY_NOFORCE_RLS) != 0;
}
/*
* These are obsolete versions of Get/SetUserIdAndSecContext that are
* only provided for bug-compatibility with some rather dubious code in
* pljava. We allow the userid to be set, but only when not inside a
* security restriction context.
*/
void
GetUserIdAndContext(Oid *userid, bool *sec_def_context)
{
*userid = CurrentUserId;
*sec_def_context = InLocalUserIdChange();
}
void
SetUserIdAndContext(Oid userid, bool sec_def_context)
{
/* We throw the same error SET ROLE would. */
if (InSecurityRestrictedOperation())
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
errmsg("cannot set parameter \"%s\" within security-restricted operation",
"role")));
CurrentUserId = userid;
if (sec_def_context)
SecurityRestrictionContext |= SECURITY_LOCAL_USERID_CHANGE;
else
SecurityRestrictionContext &= ~SECURITY_LOCAL_USERID_CHANGE;
}
/*
* Check whether specified role has explicit REPLICATION privilege
*/
bool
has_rolreplication(Oid roleid)
{
bool result = false;
HeapTuple utup;
utup = SearchSysCache1(AUTHOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(roleid));
if (HeapTupleIsValid(utup))
{
result = ((Form_pg_authid) GETSTRUCT(utup))->rolreplication;
ReleaseSysCache(utup);
}
return result;
}
/*
* Initialize user identity during normal backend startup
*/
void
InitializeSessionUserId(const char *rolename, Oid roleid)
{
HeapTuple roleTup;
Form_pg_authid rform;
char *rname;
/*
* Don't do scans if we're bootstrapping, none of the system catalogs
* exist yet, and they should be owned by postgres anyway.
*/
AssertState(!IsBootstrapProcessingMode());
/* call only once */
AssertState(!OidIsValid(AuthenticatedUserId));
/*
* Make sure syscache entries are flushed for recent catalog changes. This
* allows us to find roles that were created on-the-fly during
* authentication.
*/
AcceptInvalidationMessages();
if (rolename != NULL)
{
roleTup = SearchSysCache1(AUTHNAME, PointerGetDatum(rolename));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(roleTup))
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION),
errmsg("role \"%s\" does not exist", rolename)));
}
else
{
roleTup = SearchSysCache1(AUTHOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(roleid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(roleTup))
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION),
errmsg("role with OID %u does not exist", roleid)));
}
rform = (Form_pg_authid) GETSTRUCT(roleTup);
roleid = rform->oid;
rname = NameStr(rform->rolname);
AuthenticatedUserId = roleid;
AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser = rform->rolsuper;
/* This sets OuterUserId/CurrentUserId too */
SetSessionUserId(roleid, AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser);
/* Also mark our PGPROC entry with the authenticated user id */
/* (We assume this is an atomic store so no lock is needed) */
MyProc->roleId = roleid;
/*
* These next checks are not enforced when in standalone mode, so that
* there is a way to recover from sillinesses like "UPDATE pg_authid SET
* rolcanlogin = false;".
*/
if (IsUnderPostmaster)
{
/*
* Is role allowed to login at all?
*/
if (!rform->rolcanlogin)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_AUTHORIZATION_SPECIFICATION),
errmsg("role \"%s\" is not permitted to log in",
rname)));
/*
* Check connection limit for this role.
*
* There is a race condition here --- we create our PGPROC before
* checking for other PGPROCs. If two backends did this at about the
* same time, they might both think they were over the limit, while
* ideally one should succeed and one fail. Getting that to work
* exactly seems more trouble than it is worth, however; instead we
* just document that the connection limit is approximate.
*
* We do not want to do this for QEs since a single QD might initialise
* many connections to each segment to execute a non-trivial plan and
* the user connection limit does not map, semantically, to that idea.
*/
if (Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH && rform->rolconnlimit >= 0 &&
!AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser &&
CountUserBackends(roleid) > rform->rolconnlimit)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS),
errmsg("too many connections for role \"%s\"",
rname)));
}
/*
* If resource scheduling is enabled, then set cached value for the
* queue. Do this even in standalone backend mode, just in case someone
* gives the superuser a resource queue.
*/
if ((Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH || Gp_role == GP_ROLE_EXECUTE) && IsResQueueEnabled())
{
SetResQueueId();
}
/* Record username and superuser status as GUC settings too */
SetConfigOption("session_authorization", rname,
PGC_BACKEND, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
SetConfigOption("is_superuser",
AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser ? "on" : "off",
PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
ReleaseSysCache(roleTup);
}
/*
* Initialize user identity during special backend startup
*/
void
InitializeSessionUserIdStandalone(void)
{
/*
* This function should only be called in single-user mode, in autovacuum
* workers, and in background workers.
*/
AssertState(!IsUnderPostmaster || IsAutoVacuumWorkerProcess() || IsBackgroundWorker
|| am_startup
|| (IsFaultHandler && am_mirror)
|| (am_ftshandler && am_mirror));
/* call only once */
AssertState(!OidIsValid(AuthenticatedUserId));
AuthenticatedUserId = BOOTSTRAP_SUPERUSERID;
AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser = true;
SetSessionUserId(BOOTSTRAP_SUPERUSERID, true);
}
/*
* Change session auth ID while running
*
* Only a superuser may set auth ID to something other than himself. Note
* that in case of multiple SETs in a single session, the original userid's
* superuserness is what matters. But we set the GUC variable is_superuser
* to indicate whether the *current* session userid is a superuser.
*
* Note: this is not an especially clean place to do the permission check.
* It's OK because the check does not require catalog access and can't
* fail during an end-of-transaction GUC reversion, but we may someday
* have to push it up into assign_session_authorization.
*/
void
SetSessionAuthorization(Oid userid, bool is_superuser)
{
/* Must have authenticated already, else can't make permission check */
AssertState(OidIsValid(AuthenticatedUserId));
if (userid != AuthenticatedUserId &&
!AuthenticatedUserIsSuperuser)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INSUFFICIENT_PRIVILEGE),
errmsg("permission denied to set session authorization")));
SetSessionUserId(userid, is_superuser);
/* If resource scheduling enabled, set the cached queue for the new role.*/
if ((Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH || Gp_role == GP_ROLE_EXECUTE) && IsResQueueEnabled())
{
SetResQueueId();
}
SetConfigOption("is_superuser",
is_superuser ? "on" : "off",
PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
}
/*
* Report current role id
* This follows the semantics of SET ROLE, ie return the outer-level ID
* not the current effective ID, and return InvalidOid when the setting
* is logically SET ROLE NONE.
*/
Oid
GetCurrentRoleId(void)
{
if (SetRoleIsActive)
return OuterUserId;
else
return InvalidOid;
}
/*
* Change Role ID while running (SET ROLE)
*
* If roleid is InvalidOid, we are doing SET ROLE NONE: revert to the
* session user authorization. In this case the is_superuser argument
* is ignored.
*
* When roleid is not InvalidOid, the caller must have checked whether
* the session user has permission to become that role. (We cannot check
* here because this routine must be able to execute in a failed transaction
* to restore a prior value of the ROLE GUC variable.)
*/
void
SetCurrentRoleId(Oid roleid, bool is_superuser)
{
/*
* Get correct info if it's SET ROLE NONE
*
* If SessionUserId hasn't been set yet, just do nothing --- the eventual
* SetSessionUserId call will fix everything. This is needed since we
* will get called during GUC initialization.
*/
if (!OidIsValid(roleid))
{
if (!OidIsValid(SessionUserId))
return;
roleid = SessionUserId;
is_superuser = SessionUserIsSuperuser;
SetRoleIsActive = false;
}
else
SetRoleIsActive = true;
SetOuterUserId(roleid);
/* If resource scheduling enabled, set the cached queue for the new role.*/
if ((Gp_role == GP_ROLE_DISPATCH || Gp_role == GP_ROLE_EXECUTE) && IsResQueueEnabled())
{
SetResQueueId();
}
SetConfigOption("is_superuser",
is_superuser ? "on" : "off",
PGC_INTERNAL, PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
}
/*
* Get user name from user oid, returns NULL for nonexistent roleid if noerr
* is true.
*/
char *
GetUserNameFromId(Oid roleid, bool noerr)
{
HeapTuple tuple;
char *result;
tuple = SearchSysCache1(AUTHOID, ObjectIdGetDatum(roleid));
if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tuple))
{
if (!noerr)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_OBJECT),
errmsg("invalid role OID: %u", roleid)));
result = NULL;
}
else
{
result = pstrdup(NameStr(((Form_pg_authid) GETSTRUCT(tuple))->rolname));
ReleaseSysCache(tuple);
}
return result;
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Interlock-file support
*
* These routines are used to create both a data-directory lockfile
* ($DATADIR/postmaster.pid) and Unix-socket-file lockfiles ($SOCKFILE.lock).
* Both kinds of files contain the same info initially, although we can add
* more information to a data-directory lockfile after it's created, using
* AddToDataDirLockFile(). See miscadmin.h for documentation of the contents
* of these lockfiles.
*
* On successful lockfile creation, a proc_exit callback to remove the
* lockfile is automatically created.
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
/*
* proc_exit callback to remove lockfiles.
*/
static void
UnlinkLockFiles(int status, Datum arg)
{
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, lock_files)
{
char *curfile = (char *) lfirst(l);
unlink(curfile);
/* Should we complain if the unlink fails? */
}
/* Since we're about to exit, no need to reclaim storage */
lock_files = NIL;
/*
* Lock file removal should always be the last externally visible action
* of a postmaster or standalone backend, while we won't come here at all
* when exiting postmaster child processes. Therefore, this is a good
* place to log completion of shutdown. We could alternatively teach
* proc_exit() to do it, but that seems uglier. In a standalone backend,
* use NOTICE elevel to be less chatty.
*/
ereport(IsPostmasterEnvironment ? LOG : NOTICE,
(errmsg("database system is shut down")));
}
/*
* Create a lockfile.
*
* filename is the path name of the lockfile to create.
* amPostmaster is used to determine how to encode the output PID.
* socketDir is the Unix socket directory path to include (possibly empty).
* isDDLock and refName are used to determine what error message to produce.
*/
static void
CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
const char *socketDir,
bool isDDLock, const char *refName)
{
int fd;
char buffer[MAXPGPATH * 2 + 256];
int ntries;
int len;
int encoded_pid;
pid_t other_pid;
pid_t my_pid,
my_p_pid,
my_gp_pid;
const char *envvar;
/*
* If the PID in the lockfile is our own PID or our parent's or
* grandparent's PID, then the file must be stale (probably left over from
* a previous system boot cycle). We need to check this because of the
* likelihood that a reboot will assign exactly the same PID as we had in
* the previous reboot, or one that's only one or two counts larger and
* hence the lockfile's PID now refers to an ancestor shell process. We
* allow pg_ctl to pass down its parent shell PID (our grandparent PID)
* via the environment variable PG_GRANDPARENT_PID; this is so that
* launching the postmaster via pg_ctl can be just as reliable as
* launching it directly. There is no provision for detecting
* further-removed ancestor processes, but if the init script is written
* carefully then all but the immediate parent shell will be root-owned
* processes and so the kill test will fail with EPERM. Note that we
* cannot get a false negative this way, because an existing postmaster
* would surely never launch a competing postmaster or pg_ctl process
* directly.
*/
my_pid = getpid();
#ifndef WIN32
my_p_pid = getppid();
#else
/*
* Windows hasn't got getppid(), but doesn't need it since it's not using
* real kill() either...
*/
my_p_pid = 0;
#endif
envvar = getenv("PG_GRANDPARENT_PID");
if (envvar)
my_gp_pid = atoi(envvar);
else
my_gp_pid = 0;
/*
* We need a loop here because of race conditions. But don't loop forever
* (for example, a non-writable $PGDATA directory might cause a failure
* that won't go away). 100 tries seems like plenty.
*/
for (ntries = 0;; ntries++)
{
/*
* Try to create the lock file --- O_EXCL makes this atomic.
*
* Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600/0640. See
* comments below.
*/
fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, pg_file_create_mode);
if (fd >= 0)
break; /* Success; exit the retry loop */
/*
* Couldn't create the pid file. Probably it already exists.
*/
if ((errno != EEXIST && errno != EACCES) || ntries > 100)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not create lock file \"%s\": %m",
filename)));
/*
* Read the file to get the old owner's PID. Note race condition
* here: file might have been deleted since we tried to create it.
*/
fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, pg_file_create_mode);
if (fd < 0)
{
if (errno == ENOENT)
continue; /* race condition; try again */
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open lock file \"%s\": %m",
filename)));
}
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_CREATE_READ);
if ((len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1)) < 0)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read lock file \"%s\": %m",
filename)));
pgstat_report_wait_end();
close(fd);
if (len == 0)
{
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_FILE_EXISTS),
errmsg("lock file \"%s\" is empty", filename),
errhint("Either another server is starting, or the lock file is the remnant of a previous server startup crash.")));
}
buffer[len] = '\0';
encoded_pid = atoi(buffer);
/* if pid < 0, the pid is for postgres, not postmaster */
other_pid = (pid_t) (encoded_pid < 0 ? -encoded_pid : encoded_pid);
if (other_pid <= 0)
elog(FATAL, "bogus data in lock file \"%s\": \"%s\"",
filename, buffer);
/*
* Check to see if the other process still exists
*
* Per discussion above, my_pid, my_p_pid, and my_gp_pid can be
* ignored as false matches.
*
* Normally kill() will fail with ESRCH if the given PID doesn't
* exist.
*
* We can treat the EPERM-error case as okay because that error
* implies that the existing process has a different userid than we
* do, which means it cannot be a competing postmaster. A postmaster
* cannot successfully attach to a data directory owned by a userid
* other than its own, as enforced in checkDataDir(). Also, since we
* create the lockfiles mode 0600/0640, we'd have failed above if the
* lockfile belonged to another userid --- which means that whatever
* process kill() is reporting about isn't the one that made the
* lockfile. (NOTE: this last consideration is the only one that
* keeps us from blowing away a Unix socket file belonging to an
* instance of Postgres being run by someone else, at least on
* machines where /tmp hasn't got a stickybit.)
*/
if (other_pid != my_pid && other_pid != my_p_pid &&
other_pid != my_gp_pid)
{
if (kill(other_pid, 0) == 0 ||
(errno != ESRCH && errno != EPERM))
{
/* lockfile belongs to a live process */
/* Check /proc/<pid>/cmdline to see if it is a postmaster process
* We check if it is a postmaster process by checking for
* the string "bin/postgres -D <data_directory>". If it is present
* in the /proc file, then it is probably a postmaster. Otherwise
* we just ignore this and proceed to next step.
* */
#if defined(__linux__)
char pid_proc_file[255];
char proc_buffer[MAXPGPATH + 100];
char target_cmdline[MAXPGPATH + 100];
bool can_read_proc_file = false;
memset(pid_proc_file, 0, sizeof(pid_proc_file));
memset(proc_buffer, 0, sizeof(proc_buffer));
memset(target_cmdline, 0, sizeof(target_cmdline));
snprintf(pid_proc_file, sizeof(pid_proc_file), "/proc/%d/cmdline", (int)other_pid);
snprintf(target_cmdline, sizeof(target_cmdline), "bin/postgres -D %s", refName);
int fp = open(pid_proc_file, O_RDONLY, 0600);
if (fp > 0)
{
if ((len = read(fp, proc_buffer, sizeof(proc_buffer) - 1)) < 0)
{
ereport(WARNING,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read proc file \"%s\": %m",
pid_proc_file)));
}
else
{
proc_buffer[len] = '\0';
can_read_proc_file = true;
}
close(fp);
}
if ( !can_read_proc_file || (strstr(proc_buffer, target_cmdline) != NULL))
{
#endif
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_FILE_EXISTS),
errmsg("lock file \"%s\" already exists",
filename),
isDDLock ?
(encoded_pid < 0 ?
errhint("Is another postgres (PID %d) running in data directory \"%s\"?",
(int) other_pid, refName) :
errhint("Is another postmaster (PID %d) running in data directory \"%s\"?",
(int) other_pid, refName)) :
(encoded_pid < 0 ?
errhint("Is another postgres (PID %d) using socket file \"%s\"?",
(int) other_pid, refName) :
errhint("Is another postmaster (PID %d) using socket file \"%s\"?",
(int) other_pid, refName))));
#if defined(__linux__)
}
#endif
}
}
/*
* No, the creating process did not exist. However, it could be that
* the postmaster crashed (or more likely was kill -9'd by a clueless
* admin) but has left orphan backends behind. Check for this by
* looking to see if there is an associated shmem segment that is
* still in use.
*
* Note: because postmaster.pid is written in multiple steps, we might
* not find the shmem ID values in it; we can't treat that as an
* error.
*/
if (isDDLock)
{
char *ptr = buffer;
unsigned long id1,
id2;
int lineno;
for (lineno = 1; lineno < LOCK_FILE_LINE_SHMEM_KEY; lineno++)
{
if ((ptr = strchr(ptr, '\n')) == NULL)
break;
ptr++;
}
if (ptr != NULL &&
sscanf(ptr, "%lu %lu", &id1, &id2) == 2)
{
if (PGSharedMemoryIsInUse(id1, id2))
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_LOCK_FILE_EXISTS),
errmsg("pre-existing shared memory block (key %lu, ID %lu) is still in use",
id1, id2),
errhint("Terminate any old server processes associated with data directory \"%s\".",
refName)));
}
}
/*
* Looks like nobody's home. Unlink the file and try again to create
* it. Need a loop because of possible race condition against other
* would-be creators.
*/
if (unlink(filename) < 0)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not remove old lock file \"%s\": %m",
filename),
errhint("The file seems accidentally left over, but "
"it could not be removed. Please remove the file "
"by hand and try again.")));
}
/*
* Successfully created the file, now fill it. See comment in miscadmin.h
* about the contents. Note that we write the same first five lines into
* both datadir and socket lockfiles; although more stuff may get added to
* the datadir lockfile later.
*/
snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d\n%s\n%ld\n%d\n%s\n",
amPostmaster ? (int) my_pid : -((int) my_pid),
DataDir,
(long) MyStartTime,
PostPortNumber,
socketDir);
/*
* In a standalone backend, the next line (LOCK_FILE_LINE_LISTEN_ADDR)
* will never receive data, so fill it in as empty now.
*/
if (isDDLock && !amPostmaster)
strlcat(buffer, "\n", sizeof(buffer));
errno = 0;
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_CREATE_WRITE);
if (write(fd, buffer, strlen(buffer)) != strlen(buffer))
{
int save_errno = errno;
close(fd);
unlink(filename);
/* if write didn't set errno, assume problem is no disk space */
errno = save_errno ? save_errno : ENOSPC;
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write lock file \"%s\": %m", filename)));
}
pgstat_report_wait_end();
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_CREATE_SYNC);
if (pg_fsync(fd) != 0)
{
int save_errno = errno;
close(fd);
unlink(filename);
errno = save_errno;
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write lock file \"%s\": %m", filename)));
}
pgstat_report_wait_end();
if (close(fd) != 0)
{
int save_errno = errno;
unlink(filename);
errno = save_errno;
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write lock file \"%s\": %m", filename)));
}
/*
* Arrange to unlink the lock file(s) at proc_exit. If this is the first
* one, set up the on_proc_exit function to do it; then add this lock file
* to the list of files to unlink.
*/
if (lock_files == NIL)
on_proc_exit(UnlinkLockFiles, 0);
/*
* Use lcons so that the lock files are unlinked in reverse order of
* creation; this is critical!
*/
lock_files = lcons(pstrdup(filename), lock_files);
}
/*
* Create the data directory lockfile.
*
* When this is called, we must have already switched the working
* directory to DataDir, so we can just use a relative path. This
* helps ensure that we are locking the directory we should be.
*
* Note that the socket directory path line is initially written as empty.
* postmaster.c will rewrite it upon creating the first Unix socket.
*/
void
CreateDataDirLockFile(bool amPostmaster)
{
CreateLockFile(DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE, amPostmaster, "", true, DataDir);
}
/*
* Create a lockfile for the specified Unix socket file.
*/
void
CreateSocketLockFile(const char *socketfile, bool amPostmaster,
const char *socketDir)
{
char lockfile[MAXPGPATH];
snprintf(lockfile, sizeof(lockfile), "%s.lock", socketfile);
CreateLockFile(lockfile, amPostmaster, socketDir, false, socketfile);
}
/*
* TouchSocketLockFiles -- mark socket lock files as recently accessed
*
* This routine should be called every so often to ensure that the socket
* lock files have a recent mod or access date. That saves them
* from being removed by overenthusiastic /tmp-directory-cleaner daemons.
* (Another reason we should never have put the socket file in /tmp...)
*/
void
TouchSocketLockFiles(void)
{
ListCell *l;
foreach(l, lock_files)
{
char *socketLockFile = (char *) lfirst(l);
/* No need to touch the data directory lock file, we trust */
if (strcmp(socketLockFile, DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE) == 0)
continue;
/*
* utime() is POSIX standard, utimes() is a common alternative; if we
* have neither, fall back to actually reading the file (which only
* sets the access time not mod time, but that should be enough in
* most cases). In all paths, we ignore errors.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_UTIME
utime(socketLockFile, NULL);
#else /* !HAVE_UTIME */
#ifdef HAVE_UTIMES
utimes(socketLockFile, NULL);
#else /* !HAVE_UTIMES */
int fd;
char buffer[1];
fd = open(socketLockFile, O_RDONLY | PG_BINARY, 0);
if (fd >= 0)
{
read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
close(fd);
}
#endif /* HAVE_UTIMES */
#endif /* HAVE_UTIME */
}
}
/*
* Add (or replace) a line in the data directory lock file.
* The given string should not include a trailing newline.
*
* Note: because we don't truncate the file, if we were to rewrite a line
* with less data than it had before, there would be garbage after the last
* line. While we could fix that by adding a truncate call, that would make
* the file update non-atomic, which we'd rather avoid. Therefore, callers
* should endeavor never to shorten a line once it's been written.
*/
void
AddToDataDirLockFile(int target_line, const char *str)
{
int fd;
int len;
int lineno;
char *srcptr;
char *destptr;
char srcbuffer[BLCKSZ];
char destbuffer[BLCKSZ];
fd = open(DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE, O_RDWR | PG_BINARY, 0);
if (fd < 0)
{
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
return;
}
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_ADDTODATADIR_READ);
len = read(fd, srcbuffer, sizeof(srcbuffer) - 1);
pgstat_report_wait_end();
if (len < 0)
{
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read from file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
close(fd);
return;
}
srcbuffer[len] = '\0';
/*
* Advance over lines we are not supposed to rewrite, then copy them to
* destbuffer.
*/
srcptr = srcbuffer;
for (lineno = 1; lineno < target_line; lineno++)
{
char *eol = strchr(srcptr, '\n');
if (eol == NULL)
break; /* not enough lines in file yet */
srcptr = eol + 1;
}
memcpy(destbuffer, srcbuffer, srcptr - srcbuffer);
destptr = destbuffer + (srcptr - srcbuffer);
/*
* Fill in any missing lines before the target line, in case lines are
* added to the file out of order.
*/
for (; lineno < target_line; lineno++)
{
if (destptr < destbuffer + sizeof(destbuffer))
*destptr++ = '\n';
}
/*
* Write or rewrite the target line.
*/
snprintf(destptr, destbuffer + sizeof(destbuffer) - destptr, "%s\n", str);
destptr += strlen(destptr);
/*
* If there are more lines in the old file, append them to destbuffer.
*/
if ((srcptr = strchr(srcptr, '\n')) != NULL)
{
srcptr++;
snprintf(destptr, destbuffer + sizeof(destbuffer) - destptr, "%s",
srcptr);
}
/*
* And rewrite the data. Since we write in a single kernel call, this
* update should appear atomic to onlookers.
*/
len = strlen(destbuffer);
errno = 0;
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_ADDTODATADIR_WRITE);
if (lseek(fd, (off_t) 0, SEEK_SET) != 0 ||
(int) write(fd, destbuffer, len) != len)
{
pgstat_report_wait_end();
/* if write didn't set errno, assume problem is no disk space */
if (errno == 0)
errno = ENOSPC;
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write to file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
close(fd);
return;
}
pgstat_report_wait_end();
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_ADDTODATADIR_SYNC);
if (pg_fsync(fd) != 0)
{
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write to file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
}
pgstat_report_wait_end();
if (close(fd) != 0)
{
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not write to file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
}
}
/*
* Recheck that the data directory lock file still exists with expected
* content. Return true if the lock file appears OK, false if it isn't.
*
* We call this periodically in the postmaster. The idea is that if the
* lock file has been removed or replaced by another postmaster, we should
* do a panic database shutdown. Therefore, we should return true if there
* is any doubt: we do not want to cause a panic shutdown unnecessarily.
* Transient failures like EINTR or ENFILE should not cause us to fail.
* (If there really is something wrong, we'll detect it on a future recheck.)
*/
bool
RecheckDataDirLockFile(void)
{
int fd;
int len;
long file_pid;
char buffer[BLCKSZ];
fd = open(DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE, O_RDWR | PG_BINARY, 0);
if (fd < 0)
{
/*
* There are many foreseeable false-positive error conditions. For
* safety, fail only on enumerated clearly-something-is-wrong
* conditions.
*/
switch (errno)
{
case ENOENT:
case ENOTDIR:
/* disaster */
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
return false;
default:
/* non-fatal, at least for now */
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open file \"%s\": %m; continuing anyway",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
return true;
}
}
pgstat_report_wait_start(WAIT_EVENT_LOCK_FILE_RECHECKDATADIR_READ);
len = read(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
pgstat_report_wait_end();
if (len < 0)
{
ereport(LOG,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not read from file \"%s\": %m",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE)));
close(fd);
return true; /* treat read failure as nonfatal */
}
buffer[len] = '\0';
close(fd);
file_pid = atol(buffer);
if (file_pid == getpid())
return true; /* all is well */
/* Trouble: someone's overwritten the lock file */
ereport(LOG,
(errmsg("lock file \"%s\" contains wrong PID: %ld instead of %ld",
DIRECTORY_LOCK_FILE, file_pid, (long) getpid())));
return false;
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Version checking support
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
/*
* Determine whether the PG_VERSION file in directory `path' indicates
* a data version compatible with the version of this program.
*
* If compatible, return. Otherwise, ereport(FATAL).
*/
void
ValidatePgVersion(const char *path)
{
char full_path[MAXPGPATH];
FILE *file;
int ret;
long file_major;
long my_major;
char *endptr;
char file_version_string[64];
const char *my_version_string = PG_VERSION;
my_major = strtol(my_version_string, &endptr, 10);
snprintf(full_path, sizeof(full_path), "%s/PG_VERSION", path);
file = AllocateFile(full_path, "r");
if (!file)
{
if (errno == ENOENT)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("\"%s\" is not a valid data directory",
path),
errdetail("File \"%s\" is missing.", full_path)));
else
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode_for_file_access(),
errmsg("could not open file \"%s\": %m", full_path)));
}
file_version_string[0] = '\0';
ret = fscanf(file, "%63s", file_version_string);
file_major = strtol(file_version_string, &endptr, 10);
if (ret != 1 || endptr == file_version_string)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("\"%s\" is not a valid data directory",
path),
errdetail("File \"%s\" does not contain valid data.",
full_path),
errhint("You might need to run gprecoversegment.sh")));
FreeFile(file);
if (my_major != file_major)
ereport(FATAL,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
errmsg("database files are incompatible with server"),
errdetail("The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version %s, "
"which is not compatible with this version %s.",
file_version_string, my_version_string)));
}
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Library preload support
*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
/*
* GUC variables: lists of library names to be preloaded at postmaster
* start and at backend start
*/
char *session_preload_libraries_string = NULL;
char *shared_preload_libraries_string = NULL;
char *local_preload_libraries_string = NULL;
/* Flag telling that we are loading shared_preload_libraries */
bool process_shared_preload_libraries_in_progress = false;
/*
* load the shared libraries listed in 'libraries'
*
* 'gucname': name of GUC variable, for error reports
* 'restricted': if true, force libraries to be in $libdir/plugins/
*/
static void
load_libraries(const char *libraries, const char *gucname, bool restricted)
{
char *rawstring;
List *elemlist;
ListCell *l;
if (libraries == NULL || libraries[0] == '\0')
return; /* nothing to do */
/* Need a modifiable copy of string */
rawstring = pstrdup(libraries);
/* Parse string into list of filename paths */
if (!SplitDirectoriesString(rawstring, ',', &elemlist))
{
/* syntax error in list */
list_free_deep(elemlist);
pfree(rawstring);
ereport(LOG,
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
errmsg("invalid list syntax in parameter \"%s\"",
gucname)));
return;
}
foreach(l, elemlist)
{
/* Note that filename was already canonicalized */
char *filename = (char *) lfirst(l);
char *expanded = NULL;
/* If restricting, insert $libdir/plugins if not mentioned already */
if (restricted && first_dir_separator(filename) == NULL)
{
expanded = psprintf("$libdir/plugins/%s", filename);
filename = expanded;
}
load_file(filename, restricted);
ereport(DEBUG1,
(errmsg("loaded library \"%s\"", filename)));
if (expanded)
pfree(expanded);
}
list_free_deep(elemlist);
pfree(rawstring);
}
/*
* process any libraries that should be preloaded at postmaster start
*/
void
process_shared_preload_libraries(void)
{
process_shared_preload_libraries_in_progress = true;
load_libraries(shared_preload_libraries_string,
"shared_preload_libraries",
false);
process_shared_preload_libraries_in_progress = false;
}
/*
* process any libraries that should be preloaded at backend start
*/
void
process_session_preload_libraries(void)
{
load_libraries(session_preload_libraries_string,
"session_preload_libraries",
false);
load_libraries(local_preload_libraries_string,
"local_preload_libraries",
true);
}
void
pg_bindtextdomain(const char *domain)
{
#ifdef ENABLE_NLS
if (my_exec_path[0] != '\0')
{
char locale_path[MAXPGPATH];
get_locale_path(my_exec_path, locale_path);
bindtextdomain(domain, locale_path);
pg_bind_textdomain_codeset(domain);
}
#endif
}
|
Bacterial meningitis: fluid balance and therapy.
Fluid administration in children with meningitis should be conservative in an attempt to minimize cerebral edema and electrolyte disturbances that frequently complicate the course of meningitis. Since these complications have been shown to correlate with poor neurologic outcome, it is believed that appropriate fluid management will minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis in children. |
Bird's nest cufflinks, silver woven thread
£110.00
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These cufflinks are designed to co-ordinate perfectly with his range of formal shirts, featuring an elegant woven nest from silver thread, accentuated with 18ct gold plate. Great for a best man present, a present for a loved one, and for dad, this piece will add a unique touch to their special day.
They are made entirely from sterling silver, accentuated with 18ct yellow gold plate. They measure 1.3 cm in diameter.
As every design is individually handmade all measurements are approximate and no two pieces will ever be exactly the same.
Your cuflfilnks will arrive presented in a beautiful black and silver gift box
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If you have a specific requirement and would like to discuss a bespoke jewellery commission or have any other enquiry, please do fill in the form with a brief description. I will get in touch with you shortly. |
Tesla founder Elon Musk has been set what has to be one of the toughest bonus plans ever - increasing the $59bn electric car maker's market value to $650bn (£466bn) in a decade.
However, if he succeeds he could get one of the biggest windfalls ever received by a chief executive - almost $70bn, though this assumes the company does not issue more shares or raise equity.
At today's prices, the award is worth about $7.2bn, on top of the almost 20pc stake in the business must already holds.
California-based Tesla revealed the scheme in a regulatory filing that also notes that the billionaire will not receive any guaranteed pay of any kind: no salary, no cash payouts or shares that vest as time rolls on.
Tesla said: “Elon's only compensation will be a 100pc at-risk performance award, which ensures that he will be compensated only if Tesla and all of its shareholders do extraordinarily well. Because all Tesla employees are provided equity, this also means that Elon's compensation is tied to the success of everyone at Tesla.” |
Five-year results of endovascular treatment with the Gore TAG device compared with open repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms.
Report the results of a phase II multicenter, prospective trial comparing endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aneurysm (TEVAR) with the TAG device to surgical controls after 5 years of follow-up. The Gore TAG trial compared the TAG endograft patients (n = 140) with standard open surgical controls (n = 94) with enrollment from September of 1999 to May of 2001. An additional 51 patients were enrolled in 2003 after revision of the endograft. Follow-up consisted of patient visits, computed tomography (CT) scans and x-rays at 1, 6, and 12 months and yearly. Significant sac size change was defined as >or=5 mm increase or decrease from the 1 month baseline measurement. Migration was defined as >or=10 mm cranial or caudal movement of the device inside the aorta. Significance was determined as P <or= .05. At 5 years, aneurysm-related mortality was lower for TAG patients at 2.8% compared with open controls at 11.7% (P = .008). No differences in all-cause mortality were noted, with 68% of TAG patients and 67% of open controls surviving to 5 years (P = .43). Major adverse events at 5 years were significantly reduced in the TAG group; 57.9% vs 78.7% (P = .001). Endoleaks in the TAG group decreased from 8.1% at 1 month to 4.3% at 5 years. Five TAG patients have undergone major aneurysm-related re-interventions at 5 years (3.6%), including one arch aneurysm repair for type 1 endoleak and migration, one open conversion and five endovascular procedures for endoleaks in three patients. There were fewer secondary procedures not directly related to aneurysm repair in the TAG vs the open repair group at 5 years, 15.0% vs 31.9%, (P = .01). For TAG patients, sac size at 60 months decreased in 50% and increased in 19% compared with the 1-month baseline. Comparison with the modified low-porosity device at 24 months showed sac increase in 12.9% of original vs 2.9% in modified grafts (P = .11). At 5 years, there have been no ruptures, one migration, no collapse, and 20 instances of fracture in 19 patients, all before the revision of the TAG graft. In anatomically suitable patients, TAG treatment of thoracic aneurysms is superior to surgical repair at 5 years. Although sac enlargement is concerning, early modified device results indicate this issue may be resolved. |
TasRail DC class
The DC class was a class of diesel locomotives in New Zealand and Tasmania. Originally built by General Motors Canada and Clyde Engineering between 1955 and 1967 as New Zealand Government Railways DA class locomotive. Eighty-five DAs were rebuilt as the DC class locomotive.
Tranz Rail, a successor of the NZGR, sold DC 4588 to AN Tasrail. It has been since scrapped.
Introduction and service
Due to a locomotive shortage due to the planned replacement of AN Tasrails English Electric locomotive fleet, Tranz Rail shipped DC 4588 to Tasmania on a one-year lease. The locomotive left Wellington on 8 December 1998 on the Arktis Dream, and arrived in Bell Bay, Tasmania on 15 December 1998. The locomotives were later sold to Tasrail. Due to the DC being in a non standard nature, low tractive effort and having a small fuel capacity, the loco was restricted to the Bell Bay Line, until Easter 1999 where it has since ventured out on the Western and Melba Lines, while still operating in Tranz Rails Cato Blue livery, but with the "Tranz Rail" lettering replaced with "Tasrail" lettering.
Withdrawal and disposal
DC 4588 was placed into storage in October 2002 after suffering an engine problem. Rebuilding commenced on the locomotive in 2005 at East Tamar Workshops. The rebuilding included lowering the short-hood, replacing the big front cab window with two smaller ones, and a front cab door on the non-assistants side. By 2008, the rebuilding had stopped and was again placed into long-term storage, until being scrapped in 2011.
Class register
See also
New Zealand DA class locomotive
New Zealand DC class locomotive
References
Category:Clyde Engineering locomotives
Category:Diesel locomotives of Tasmania
Category:Railway locomotives introduced in 1978
Category:3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of Australia
Category:Diesel-electric locomotives of New Zealand
Category:A1A-A1A locomotives
Category:3 ft 6 in gauge locomotives of New Zealand
Category:Diesel-electric locomotives of Australia |
As far as hockey clichés go, Montreal Canadiens forward Brandon Prust didn’t do a very good job of leaving it all on the ice last night. In the process he upset the hockey gods as well, or at least one who he considered a pretender to the role. According to Prust, his first period unsportsmanlike conduct penalty was a result of referee Brad Watson trying to “play god” and control the game.
“He kept provoking me,” said Prust to media after the game. “He came to the box and called me every name in the book. He called me a piece of you know what, a mother-f’er, coward, said he’d drive me right out of this building.”
Brandon Prust Did the Right Thing By Calling Out Brad Watson
Prust is right, he sure got called every name in the book last night. Social media, as it is apt to do, was quick to brand him a “whiner,” a “crybaby” and a “sore loser,” among other less publishable names.
Whether or not he is any of those aforementioned names depends on where one’s opinion lies between the two polar opposite scenarios the incident presents.
The first is that Prust took a dumb penalty, made it worse by not shutting his mouth, ran Tampa Bay Lightning goalie Ben Bishop, beat on Bolts defenseman Braydon Coburn and then threw an elbow pad into the Lightning bench. He tried to deflect all this by exaggerating, or fabricating, what Watson said to him and is a coward himself as a result.
Then there is Prust’s side of the story. To use a courtroom scenario, Watson was a judge who repeatedly aggravated the accused until he lashed out. When he did, the judge charged him with contempt of court. That’s not justice; it’s a vendetta, and Prust claims not to have lashed out at all.
Why shouldn’t Prust be believed? There is no reason for him to make something like this up and he will be punished for what he said whether he is right or not. Where there is smoke, in this case smoke coming out of Prust’s ears, there is probably fire. Prust has 977 career penalty minutes, complaining about them to the media isn’t his style.
Not that complaining to the media about referees in this way is anyone’s style, because making it personal is dangerous. Look no further than the Alex Burrows/Stephane Auger incident in January 2010. Burrows has carried a reputation from that incident ever since.
However, if what Prust said is true, then it was absolutely worth saying. Hockey culture says to keep your head down and not say anything; what is said on the ice should stay on the ice. For the most part that is true, but when someone with authority treats a player this way it is an obligation for him to say so.
Referees are handled with rubber gloves by the league. Any fault by a league official acknowledged by a player or coach is seen as a black eye and the league hits back without hesitation. Often it’s better to look internally and understand why you were hit instead of just taking a swing right away.
The league needs to look into this and Prust’s comments will likely put just enough pressure on them to make it happen. Whether Watson has over a thousand games of NHL experience or not is irrelevant, if Prust’s story is true the league’s action should be more internal than external.
Watson is human after all, and like everyone else is far from perfect. Being angry at someone is human, as is holding a grudge. But when someone unfairly uses their power to punish someone they are angry with they are no longer using that power responsibly.
Surely more details will emerge on this incident soon. But before they do, calling Prust names or guilty is unwarranted and born of stigmas in hockey culture.
After all, the men who blow whistles for a living should understand the importance of a whistleblower. A bit of legitimate criticism will only help the league’s officiating.
Main Photo: |
Shillington A, Pedapati E, Hopkin R, Suhrie K. Early behavioral and developmental interventions in ADNP‐syndrome: A case report of SWI/SNF‐related neurodevelopmental syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med. 2020;8:e1230 10.1002/mgg3.1230
1. BACKGROUND {#mgg31230-sec-0005}
=============
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication, along with restrictive interests and repetitive behaviors that are typically present by 2 years of age. ASD currently affects approximately one in 59 children, and the incidence has been on the rise (Wingate et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0020){ref-type="ref"}).
Both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be causative in the etiology of ASD which lead to changes in neuronal development, growth of the brain, and synaptic connectivity. As next‐generation sequencing (NGS) becomes more available and more affordable, many families along with their physicians are electing to pursue NGS testing to elucidate a specific molecular diagnosis for patients with ASD. It is reported that more than 2,000 genes are involved in ASD, and that no one gene is likely to explain more than 1% of cases (De Rubeis et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0005){ref-type="ref"}). The rarity of any one genetic mechanism of disease can make it very difficult to develop interventions and care plans for patients when there may be only a handful of patients reported to have the same genetic change.
One gene that is commonly sequenced as part of NGS evaluation is the activity‐dependent neuroprotector homeobox (*ADNP*) gene, and may be one of the most common single‐gene causes of ASD; mutations in this gene are thought to explain the etiology of 0.17% of patients with ASD (Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}). The *ADNP* protein product is thought to be a regulator of axonal transport and dendritic spine plasticity at the synapse level (Gozes, Patterson, et al., [2017](#mgg31230-bib-0006){ref-type="ref"}; Gozes, Patterson, et al., [2017](#mgg31230-bib-0006){ref-type="ref"}), specifically functioning as a regulator of the essential chromatin‐remodeling complex, SWItch/sucrose non‐fermentable (SWI/SNF; Mandel & Gozes, [2007](#mgg31230-bib-0013){ref-type="ref"}; Figure [1](#mgg31230-fig-0001){ref-type="fig"}).
{#mgg31230-fig-0001}
The connection between ADNP and the SWI/SNF complex is clinically relevant, as genetic disorders within this family of genes are well described and have neurodevelopmental feature overlap. The C‐terminal of ADNP directly interacts with ARID1A*,* SMARCA4, and SMARCC2, three essential components of the SWI/SNF complex. ADNP appears to be a regulator of SWI/SNF function, thus ultimately impacting chromatin remodeling which is essential for postmitotic activity‐dependent dendritic outgrowth and axonal development. Mutant ADNP protein appears to compete with wild‐type protein preventing optimal SWI/SNF complex function (Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}). Deficiencies in a working SWI/SNF complex lead to defects in neuronal development (Lessard et al., [2007](#mgg31230-bib-0012){ref-type="ref"}).
Most patients diagnosed with ADNP Syndrome, also known as Helsmoortel--Van Der Aa Syndrome, have ASD as a comorbidity, and all patients have mild‐to‐severe intellectual disability (Arnett et al., [2018](#mgg31230-bib-0002){ref-type="ref"}; Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}; Van Dijck et al., [2019](#mgg31230-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}). Other frequent findings include hypotonia, delayed developmental milestones including prominent speech delays of little to no words to some simple sentences, feeding problems in infancy followed by GI problems such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and constipation as patients age, visual problems, and congenital heart defects (Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}). A unique feature of the syndrome is fully erupted dentition by the age of 1 year in over 80% of patients (Gozes, Patterson, et al., [2017](#mgg31230-bib-0006){ref-type="ref"}; Gozes, Van Dijck, et al., [2017](#mgg31230-bib-0007){ref-type="ref"}). Neuropsychiatric features appear to be common with reports of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorder (Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}). Dysmorphic features observed in patients include prominent forehead, high hairline, broad nasal bridge, thin upper lip, and smooth or long philtrum (Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}).
2. ETHICAL COMPLIANCE {#mgg31230-sec-0006}
=====================
Procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. Protocol and procedures employed were reviewed and approved by the human subjects review committee. Informed consent from the family was obtained for publication of this clinical report.
3. CASE PRESENTATION {#mgg31230-sec-0007}
====================
3.1. History of present illness (HPI) {#mgg31230-sec-0008}
-------------------------------------
This female patient was referred for Genetics evaluation at 18 months of age. She presented with speech delay, having no words at the time of initial evaluation. Additionally, she had gross motor delays and required braces for walking. She had poor weight gain. Her perinatal course was significant for prematurity, born at 36 weeks gestation. Additionally, she was born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) that was not prenatally diagnosed but repaired shortly after birth. Postnatal echocardiogram demonstrated atrial septal defect. Ophthalmology exam diagnosed myopia and early pigmentary retinopathy.
3.2. Physical exam {#mgg31230-sec-0009}
------------------
Her physical exam was notable for thin sparse hair, downslanting palpebral fissures, marked epicanthal folds, posterior ear placement, anteverted nares, thin upper lip, smooth philtrum, and wide mouth accommodating full, early tooth eruption (Figure [2a,b](#mgg31230-fig-0002){ref-type="fig"}). Additionally, she had a hemangioma on her right chest and an umbilical hernia. Her height, weight, and head circumference were all below the third percentile. Her developmental assessment showed inability to point to objects as well as difficulty communicating wants and needs, frequently resorting to screaming to get needs met. She did not play with toys in a typical fashion, but would bring toys to her mouth. She was noted to have frequent teeth grinding throughout the day. Parents reported ongoing problems with constipation.
{#mgg31230-fig-0002}
3.3. Labs, imaging, and genetic testing {#mgg31230-sec-0010}
---------------------------------------
A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was completed and demonstrated nonspecific white matter changes consistent with hypomyelination or gliosis. A chromosomal microarray was ordered as part of her initial genetics workup, and was found to be normal. Definitive genetic testing was coordinated at 2.5 years of age, and clinical whole exome sequencing of the proband along with both parents was ordered to evaluate her constellation of symptoms. This was performed using capture with Agilent SureSelect ExomeXT and sequencing with an Illumina HiSeq 2500 on blood samples. Alignment to reference and variant calling were performed as described (Lee et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0011){ref-type="ref"}). Mean coverage was 20× of 95% of the target regions. This individual\'s exome DNA sequences were mapped and compared with human genome build UCSC hg19 reference sequence. Sequencing returned with a de novo pathogenic disease‐causing variant in the *ADNP* gene: *ADNP c*.2496_2499del (p.Asn832Lysfs\*81). The c.2496_2499del (p. Asn832Lysfs\*81) variant in the *ADNP* gene creates a frame shift starting at codon Asn832 in exon 4 of 4 exons. The new reading frame ends in a STOP codon at position 81. This variant was not found in dbSNP, gnomAD, and Exome Sequencing Project databases. This variant was reported in human gene mutation database (HGMD) (CD144180) as a disease‐causing mutation for Intellectual disability and/or autism and dysmorphic features and twice in ClinVar as a pathogenic variant. This variant has been previously reported in peer‐reviewed literature (Helsmoortel et al., [2014](#mgg31230-bib-0009){ref-type="ref"}).
3.4. Developmental testing {#mgg31230-sec-0011}
--------------------------
With the understanding that most children with a diagnosis of ADNP syndrome present with ASD and intellectual disability, this patient was referred to Developmental Pediatrics for a developmental assessment which she completed at 3 years of age. She received an ADOS‐2 evaluation which showed moderate‐to‐severe concern for autism, and yielded an eventual diagnosis of ASD. She was administered the Mullen scales of early learning to assess her developmental abilities. This testing revealed specific deficits in visual reception, fine motor, and receptive and expressive language skills, meeting criteria for a diagnosis of global developmental delay.
3.5. Behavioral exam {#mgg31230-sec-0012}
--------------------
At 3.5 years of age, the patient presented to psychiatry to evaluate maladaptive behaviors. The main concern expressed by parents was frequent, high pitched loud shrieks that occurred mainly when she was idle or when seeking attention. This shrieking often persisted for up to ten minutes continuously. Parents reported several concerns regarding the patient\'s mood. The patient would have episodes of intense fearfulness elicited by visual triggers. Triggers included certain individuals, colors of clothing, and certain toys or household items. Despite efforts of re‐exposure, the patient fears persisted upon presentation of the stimuli for several weeks. She also displayed periods of extreme moods including intense laughing spells and brief periods of irritability. Other than biting or pinching when upset seen commonly within this age group, the patient did not demonstrate any severe physical aggression or self‐injurious behaviors (i.e., head banging) associated with ASD. Her disposition was otherwise playful and curious and described as "happy".
3.6. Early intervention {#mgg31230-sec-0013}
-----------------------
Due to her complicated neonatal course, including repair of CDH, this patient had the unique benefit of being followed by high‐risk pediatrics after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit. As part of her care she began receiving early intervention services from 9 months of age due to her high‐risk status (and not so much due to her diagnosis of global development delay or ASD, diagnoses that were made at a later age). Indeed, she was evaluated by speech therapy before she had even developed words. At 18 months of age she began more intensive weekly speech therapy sessions, along with physical therapy and occupational therapy. At 2 years of age her speech assessment revealed that her skills were near that of a 10 months old; she was able to play a language/gesture game, produce three consonant sounds, and babble. She had at least two words (more, bye). She was not able to combine jargon and gestures, combine words and gestures, or jabber with inflection. At 3 years of age she began attending an ABA (Applied Behavioral Analysis) preschool three half days a week, and additionally had private speech and occupational therapy sessions. Private speech therapy enlisted the PROMPT technique (prompts for restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets), a therapy that engages a tactile‐kinesthetic approach using touch cues to a patient\'s jaw, tongue, and lips to manually guide them through language development (Rogers et al., [2006](#mgg31230-bib-0014){ref-type="ref"}). At the time of this writing, the patient was just over 3 years of age and had mastered six words.
3.7. Pharmaceutical management {#mgg31230-sec-0014}
------------------------------
At 3 years of age the patient\'s behavioral symptoms led to increasing difficulty across several settings. The periods of fearfulness and mood changes, which were often unpredictable, would impede early intervention therapy sessions. The shrieking spells and sudden changes in mood could appear to bystanders as if the patient was in acute distress, and limited the ability of the patient to socialize with same‐age peers in public social settings. Symptoms endorsed on the 15‐item aberrant behavior checklist irritability (ABC‐I) subscale included "screams inappropriately", "cries over minor annoyances", "yells at inappropriate times", "mood changes quickly", "cries and screams inappropriately", and "irritable and whiny". After discussion of risks, benefits, and alternatives, the patient was started on a risperidone 0.1 ml (1 mg/ml solution) twice a day to target the shrieking spells and mood lability. Following 2 weeks of treatment with an atypical antipsychotic medication, our patient\'s family reported a partial improvement in the most troubling behaviors including inappropriate cries, unpredictable fearfulness, and mood lability. The patient\'s stool frequency decreased, which was noted as an adverse effect, and her polyethylene glycol dose was increased. The risperidone dose was increased to 0.2 ml twice daily with near‐complete resolution of symptoms without any further reports of adverse effects. At her 1 month follow‐up after initiation of medication to target behavior, the patient\'s symptoms had become markedly less intense and less frequent.
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS {#mgg31230-sec-0015}
=============================
Key features of ADNP syndrome are ASD and global developmental delay with most prominent deficits in speech and language. Evaluation of a large cohort of children with ADNP syndrome revealed that speech delay was present in 98.6% of individuals with a mean age of first words at 30 months of age with a range 7--72 months (Van Dijck et al., [2019](#mgg31230-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}). Indeed our patient\'s speech and language development seem to follow a similar course to the cohorts described in the published literature, however, her progress was slightly more advanced than the average. One key finding from the aforementioned cohort study is that a full 19% of patients had no language development at all. There does not appear to be a correlation in genotype to phenotype in the differences observed in language development in research cohorts (Van Dijck et al., [2019](#mgg31230-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}), thus one might hypothesize that early intervention is a key driver of improving developmental outcomes. Our patient had the unique opportunity to engage with speech therapy and other developmental therapies from 9 months of age, which may have provided a clear advantage to allow her to reach speech milestones slightly ahead of other ADNP‐syndrome peers.
Behavior problems are reported in 78% of children with ADNP syndrome (Van Dijck et al., [2019](#mgg31230-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}), including obsessive‐compulsive behavior, mood disorder, self‐injurious behavior, a high anxiety level, temper tantrums, and (verbally) aggressive behavior. Forty‐four percent of the individuals were reportedly hyperactive or easily distracted (Van Dijck et al., [2019](#mgg31230-bib-0019){ref-type="ref"}). Several patients in the cohort were prescribed antipsychotic medications or stimulant medications to assist in the management of behavioral symptoms. Specific published pharmacological management guidelines have not been made available to date for ADNP syndrome.
Treatment with risperidone, a potent dopamine‐2, serotonin‐2A, and alpha‐1 receptor antagonist, has precedence in patients with ASD within in the family of SWI/SNF complex disorders. Risperidone is currently FDA approved for ages 5--16 years of age and is effective for the treatment of irritability in individuals with ASD (Janssen Pharmaceuticals IpF, [2012](#mgg31230-bib-0010){ref-type="ref"}). The primary endpoint for the pivotal clinical trials that led to approval for use in ASD patients was a decrease in the ABC‐I subscale (Aman, Singh, Stewart, & Field, [1985](#mgg31230-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}). The ABC‐I was well matched to our patient\'s symptom presentation and subsequently demonstrated improvement following initiation of treatment. Pretreatment and routine follow‐up monitoring of extrapyramidal symptoms, metabolic laboratories, and anthropometrics is warranted and can warn of the development of long‐term complications. While our patient was less than 5 years of age at the initiation of therapy, the risk and benefits of using the medication in a patient less than 5 years of age were reviewed with the family, and ultimately a significant benefit was noted.
A unique feature of our patient\'s clinical presentation, which warranted consultation by the Genetics team prior to the findings of developmental delay, was CDH along with some unusual facial features and hypotonia. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia has not been described in cohorts of ADNP syndrome to date. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, however, has been described in other ASD syndromes associated with chromatin remodeling genes in the SWI/SNF family. Sweeney et al. ([2018](#mgg31230-bib-0018){ref-type="ref"}) describe a patient diagnosed prenatally with left CDH, aortic arch hypoplasia, small left‐sided cardiac structures, and ventricular septal defect. She was described as having dysmorphic facial features and developmental delays. Molecular diagnosis confirmed a pathogenic *ARID1B* variant. Bartin et al. ([2018](#mgg31230-bib-0003){ref-type="ref"}) report a case of prenatally diagnosed hydrocephalus and macrocephaly, corpus callosum agenesis, a left diaphragmatic hernia, severe IUGR, and a ventricular septal defect. Sequencing analysis confirmed a pathogenic *ARID1A* mutation. Thus, we argue with this case report that CDH may indeed be a feature of ADNP syndrome given the reports of CDH in other mutations involving other genes in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex.
Despite the fact that features of ASD can be recognized as young as 12 months of age, and can be reliably diagnosed by age 3, the average child is not formally diagnosed with ASD until 5.5 years of age (Crane, Chester, Goddard, Henry, & Hill, [2016](#mgg31230-bib-0004){ref-type="ref"}). By this age, gaps in learning, speech and language development have substantially increased between children with ASD and normally developing children. The opportunity for early, effective intervention is diminished the longer a diagnosis is delayed. Early intervention initiated before 12 months of age in our patient appears to have benefited the patient, and a specific genetic diagnosis at 2.5 years of age allowed more specific targeted interventions including PROMPT therapy and low‐dose antipsychotic medication to optimize continued participation in early intervention. Practitioners are encouraged to consider NGS sequencing in patients with global developmental delay, as a specific or early genetic diagnosis can impact targeted behavioral and developmental interventions.
ETHICS APPROVAL AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE {#mgg31230-sec-0016}
==========================================
Written consent to participate and written consent for photographs was received from the subject of this case report, this includes consent for publication.
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION {#mgg31230-sec-0017}
=======================
Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\'s parent for publication of this Case Report and any accompanying images and videos. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST {#mgg31230-sec-0018}
====================
None declared.
AUTHORS\' CONTRIBUTIONS {#mgg31230-sec-0019}
=======================
A.S. prepared the majority of the manuscript including the background, case report, and discussion. E.P. contributed manuscript content specifically discussing psychiatric pharmaceutical management. K.S. provided editorial review and was the original physician evaluating the patient. R.H. performed the genetic testing, and conferred the genetic diagnosis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT {#mgg31230-sec-0021}
===========================
Not applicable. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
|
By ThinkPol Staff
A legal wrangle between two families from China over multi-million dollar homes in Vancouver Westside and the funds transferred to buy them offer a rare glimpse into the questionable strategies used by foreign buyers in the lower mainland’s real estate market.
In Fu v. Zhu , the Honourable Madam Justice Griffin of the B.C. Supreme Court has rendered a 552-page judgement after unravelling reams of “inconsistent” testimonies from parties with “serious credibility problems”.
Here are just seven dishonest tactics used by foreign buyers involved in the case, verbatim from the court document.
The plaintiffs: P1: Mr. Guoqing Fu (Husband), P2: Ms. Chunqin Zhou (P1’s Wife), P3: Mr. Xiao Feng Fu (The son of P1 and P2)
The defendants: D1: Ms. Cui Yun Zhu (Wife), D2: Mr. Hai Ling Xia (Husband)
1. Scheming to deceive Canadian immigration authorities
[146] Indeed, P3 was sophisticated in lying, including scheming to deceive Canadian immigration authorities in 2012 so that he could maintain permanent residency status without spending the necessary days residing in Canada. This scheme involved him pretending to rent accommodation in Vancouver by writing cheques for rent to D1; pretending to be employed by Jie Chen, the wife of the family’s realtor, Mr. Gu, who pretended to pay him employment income (all of which was paid back behind the scenes by payment from P2 to Mr. Gu); having someone use his credit card in Canada in his absence; and then in 2013 falsely reporting to police in China that he had lost his permanent residency card which would have noted when he truly was in Canada, so that he could falsely claim he was in Canada during the period he pretended to pay rent and to receive employment income.
2. Parents knowing about the scheme to deceive Canadian immigration and colluding in it
[151] Both P1 and P2 knew of this false immigration scheme and approved of it and colluded in it, and indeed it appears most likely to me that it was masterminded by P2. They too claimed they had lost their permanent resident cards, filing a report with police in China. P1 claims P2 lied to him about this but I do not believe him and find that the whole family knew that they were making up a story about losing their Canadian permanent resident cards.
3. Declaring questionable worldwide income in tax returns
[181] P1 had his own credibility problems, including asserting to Canadian authorities on his Canadian income tax return a miniscule worldwide income of $97.11. This was an incredible assertion given the fact he owns one of the top ten textile manufacturing and distribution companies based in one of the biggest textile manufacturing centres of China.
4. Falsifying income on a mortgage application
[403] It was around the same time as the purchase of Elm in P3’s name that the Fu Family was making efforts to create a false scenario of P3 living and working in Vancouver, so that it would appear he was in Canada for more days than he actually was, all with the aim of fraudulently maintaining immigration status as a permanent resident. As well, P2 made efforts to falsely document P3’s income in China, falsely inflating his annual income to $500,000 to support mortgage financing from HSBC in P3’s name in Canada for Elm.
5. Using company employees to get around China’s capital controls
[394] There were 21 transfers from Chinese bank accounts of the employees of P1’s company to D1 and D2 into new bank accounts with BMO in Canada from September 26, 2012 to Oct. 22, 2012. The amounts of these transfers were all designed to be under the Chinese currency restriction prohibiting a person from removing more than approximately $50,000 from China. These transfers totalled $917,595 as received by the defendants (accounting for bank fees and exchange rates). The parties agree that these transfers did relate to the purchase of Elm. [395] P2 also arranged for the transfer of $387,090 to P3’s HSBC account in October 2012, by way of eight transfers. The amount of each of these transfers was around $48,000 which again was obviously designed to evade Chinese currency controls. The plaintiffs’ claims and evidence varied on whether these funds were intended for the purchase of Elm.
6. Hiding the true beneficial owner
[37] The parties also admit that some transactions were structured using the name of a person who was not the true beneficiary of the transaction, in order to gain some perceived advantage, whether it be to evade Chinese currency controls, minimize taxes, obtain a favourable mortgage, evade Chinese restrictions on the number of properties a person could own, or otherwise.
7. Putting property in another person’s name for tax advantages
[252] In cross-examination, D1 added the explanation that she was concerned that if she was not successful in immigrating, then Mayfair would have to be sold and she had heard that there would be a lot of taxes that would have to be paid i.e. as opposed to the taxes that would have to be paid if it was owned by someone who had residency status. This was another reason for D1 wanting to have Mayfair in the plaintiffs’ names. |
# Copyright 2020 Alibaba Group Holding Limited. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# ==============================================================================
import sys
import os
import json
import csv
import random as rand
def read_adj(adj):
f = open(adj)
lines = f.readlines()
edge_list = []
for line in lines:
src_dst = line.split(',')
pair = [int(src_dst[0].strip()) - 1, int(src_dst[1].strip()) - 1]
edge_list.append(pair)
f.close()
return edge_list
def read_graph_indicator(graph_indicator):
f = open(graph_indicator)
lines = f.readlines()
indicator_list = []
for line in lines:
one_indicator = int(line.strip()) - 1
indicator_list.append(one_indicator)
f.close()
return indicator_list
def read_graph_label(graph_label):
f = open(graph_label)
lines = f.readlines()
graph_labels = []
for line in lines:
label = max(int(line.strip()), 0)
graph_labels.append(label)
f.close()
return graph_labels
def read_node_label(node_label):
f = open(node_label)
lines = f.readlines()
node_labels = []
for line in lines:
label = int(line.strip())
node_labels.append(label)
f.close()
return node_labels
def gen_graph_json(edge_list, indicator_list, graph_labels, node_labels):
graph = {}
graph['nodes'] = []
graph['edges'] = []
print("Total nodes: {}.".format(len(node_labels)))
for i in range(len(node_labels)):
node_id = i
node_label = [node_labels[i]]
node_graph_label = [graph_labels[indicator_list[i]]]
graph_indicator = str(indicator_list[i])
features = [{'name': 'f1',
'type': 'sparse',
'value': node_label},
{'name': 'label',
'type': 'dense',
'value': node_graph_label},
{'name': 'graph_label',
'type': 'binary',
'value': graph_indicator}]
node = {'id': node_id,
'type': node_labels[i],
'weight': 1,
'features': features}
graph['nodes'].append(node)
for one_edge in edge_list:
src = one_edge[0]
dst = one_edge[1]
edge = {'src': src,
'dst': dst,
'type': 0,
'weight': 1,
'features': []}
graph['edges'].append(edge)
return json.dumps(graph)
|
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The Ruhle frozen block guillotine operates at 45 times a minute with the robust cutter bar cutting up to 35 mm pieces off a frozen block. The mechanical parts are under immense stress during this process. That’s why a generous dimensioned guide system for the bar and heavy steel plates guarantee a reliable and permanent stability |
Tracy Morgan Says Trip to Heaven Taught Him 'We're Supposed to Take Care of Each Other'
Comedian Tracy Morgan sat down with Oprah Winfrey for her series "Super Soul Sunday" to share how his life has changed after the fatal crash on the New Jersey turnpike in 2014 that left one friend dead and him in a coma for two weeks.
During his interview with Winfrey that aired earlier this month, Morgan said while he was in a coma, he went to Heaven where he was met by his earthly father who had died in 1987.
"I was talking to my dad, he had this green … this green thing on," he recalled. "And I just remember him saying, 'I'm not ready for you, son.'"
Winferey then asked if he could ever be normal again after visiting "the other side," to which the "30 Rock" comedian responded, "No!"
"I told my wife that the other day. Something's different," the Bronx native said. "The way I am with people, something's just different. ... I find myself saying 'I love you' 200 times a day to strangers. I don't care. I don't gotta know you to love you — I love you!
"That's how we're supposed to be as human beings. We're supposed to take care of each other," he continued. "What we see sometimes down here on Earth, ain't no room for that up in Heaven! Ain't no room for it."
After news of the fatal vehicle crash broke nearly two years ago, Morgan's fans waited and prayed as he fought for his life. Since his recovery, he has not been silent about what he heard God say to him and it sounds a lot like what he told Winfrey his father said to him.
"I went to the other side," Morgan told Complex magazine in November. "This is not something I'm making up. Do you know what God said to me? 'Your room ain't ready. I still got something for you to do.' And here I am, doing an interview with you."
Morgan was critically injured two years ago when a Walmart tractor-trailer ran into the comedian's Mercedes limo bus, which had been returning from a stand-up comedy show in Delaware. The vehicle was carrying seven passengers, one of which was also critically injured and flown to the same hospital as Morgan. Comedy writer James McNair, 62, died at the scene, according to authorities. Morgan's limo driver was unharmed.
The driver, Kevin Roper, allegedly hadn't slept for over 24 hours when the accident occurred on the New Jersey Turnpike. The fatal accident killed McNair, Morgan's friend and colleague who's best known as Jimmy Mack, and also injured Jeffrey Millea, Harris Stanton and Ardie Fuqua.
Most Popular Stories
Christian leaders have been speaking out with various opinions following Democrat Doug Jones' surprise victory Tuesday night against Republican candidate Roy Moore in the U.S. Senate seat battle in the mostly Republican state of Alabama.
One of the world's largest Bible translation organizations has said that while its pioneering rapid translation method is achieving unprecedented success, demonic attacks and severe persecution have been inflicting its workers.
Members of the U.K. parliament and over 6,000 people have signed an online petition calling for leading American evangelist Franklin Graham to be refused entry into the country ahead of his scheduled trip to Blackpool next September.
Charles F. Stanley, the iconic Southern Baptist televangelist who has led the 13,000-member First Baptist Church Atlanta in Georgia for more than 40 years and founded In Touch Ministries, named Dr. Anthony George as his successor Sunday. But he plans to remain at the helm of the church as long as God gives him "health and strength."
Top conservative evangelical leaders prayed with President Donald Trump in the Oval Office again on Monday afternoon and also presented him with a "Friends of Zion" award after his decision last week to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. |
Changes in γ-H2AX expression in irradiated feline sarcoma cells: an indicator of double strand DNA breaks.
Feline injection site sarcoma (ISS) is a highly invasive soft tissue tumor that is commonly treated with radiation. Cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the principal target for the biologic effects of radiation with cell killing correlating to the number of double stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). The objective of this study was to determine if radiation-induced damage to feline ISS cells could be detected using a commercially available DNA DSB detection kit. Feline ISS cells were irradiated and evaluated for extent of DSB induction with a γ-H2AX chemiluminescent kit; results were validated by Western Blot analysis. Irradiated cells showed a significant increase in double strand break induction compared to control cells, which was supported by Western Blot. DNA damage in feline sarcoma cells following single exposure of radiation can be indirectly detected using a commercially available mouse anti-human monoclonal antibody for γ-H2AX. |
John T. Dare
John Thomas Dare ( – December 15, 1912) was a politician, who briefly served in the House of Representatives for the Territory of Arizona, the California State Assembly, and as Attorney General of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He was born in Suffolk County, New York sometime between 1842 and 1844. The exact year varies by source.
His professional background also varies by source, with some sources saying he hired on a ship as a teenager and sailed to San Francisco. He is also reputed to have established the Pony Express in Arizona, and operated a "milling" business.
Arizona
On December 25, 1890, The Morning Call newspaper of San Francisco published a several-page layout of the notable men of the area. In the category of notable legal professionals, it lists John Thomas Dare as having been born in 1843, and at age 14 becoming a sailor. Recounting that he moved to Arizona in 1863, it correctly lists his service in the territory's legislature. In 1867, he successfully ran as a Democrat for a seat from Yavapai County for the Arizona Territory House of Representatives. The story is unsupported by facts when it reports that Dare instituted the Pony Express in Arizona during this time period. The Pony Express existed only April 1860 to October 1861, and never operated in Arizona. His later obituary in the Weekly Journal-Miner in Prescott, stated that he had a business connection with a stagecoach line between Prescott and Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Hawaii
According to historian Ralph Simpson Kuykendall, Dare had worked as the Assistant District Attorney of San Francisco, and was legal counsel for Claus Spreckels. In May 1886, Dare moved his family to Hawaii. After presenting credentials as "first assistant to the City and County of San Francisco", and "letters of patent and denization" from Kalākaua, he was admitted to practice law in the Kingdom of Hawaii. Dare's appointment as Attorney General of Hawaii on July 1, as well as that of other appointed officials associated with Spreckels, was seen by some as part of a larger problem of Prime Minister Walter Murray Gibson catering to private interests. After much public opposition to Gibson's regime, Dare exited from his cabinet position on October 13 and returned to California.
California
In 1877-1880, Dare represented San Francisco as a Republican in the California State Assembly. He was an alternate delegate to the 1892 Republican National Convention in Minneapolis.
US President William McKinley appointed Dare as Custom House Appraiser for San Francisco in 1897. He had been endorsed by John D. Spreckels, son of Claus. The San Francisco Call gave Dare's birth date as 1844, and made no mention of Arizona. The newspaper stated that he had arrived in Vallejo California directly from a sea voyage from New York, and began working as manual labor on a railroad. His later obituary in that same newspaper stated that he opened a "milling" business in Vallejo, but it's not clear if that was milling of ores, or cloth. From Vallejo, the newspaper stated that he relocated to San Francisco and took up the study of law. Upon his later return from Hawaii, he became a prosecuting attorney, and also served as Deputy Collector of the Port of San Francisco.
Death
Dare died in San Francisco December 15, 1912. His obituary lists his date of birth as 1842. He had a widow and three daughters. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin referred to him as "King Claus's Protege", and made note of several erroneous statements made by California media in their coverage of his background.
References
Bibliography
Category:1912 deaths
Category:Kingdom of Hawaii politicians
Category:Kingdom of Hawaii Attorneys General |
Q:
Ruby, query active model dynamically
I have an Order model in my ruby on rails application which has several attributes. I want to query those orders according to parameters given by users such as itemCount, totalPrice and created date.
If one of those attributes is given, I mean it's not nil, I need to query model by using it.
I can do something like:
if params[:totalPrice] and params[:itemCount] and params[:created_date]
@product = Product.where(totalPrice: params[:totalPrice],itemCount: params[:itemCount],created_date: params[:created_date])
elsif params[:totalPrice] and params[:itemCount]
@product = Product.where(totalPrice: params[:totalPrice],itemCount: params[:itemCount])
elsif params[:totalPrice] and params[:created_date]
@product = Product.where(totalPrice: params[:totalPrice],created_date: params[:created_date])
elsif params[:itemCount] and params[:created_date]
@product = Product.where(itemCount: params[:itemCount],created_date: params[:created_date])
elseif ....(and continues)
However, I can't be sure about that. Maybe there is there a "Ruby" way to achieve that problem.
What is the best practice to do that,
Thanks.
A:
You can chain the different scopes with ActiveRecord:
@products = Product.all
@products = @products.where(totalPrice: params[:totalPrice]) if params[:totalPrice]
@products = @products.where(itemCount: params[:itemCount]) if params[:itemCount]
@products = @products.where(created_date: params[:created_date]) if params[:created_date]
# etc...
And this can easily be dynamic (but white-listed):
filterable_columns = %i(itemCount totalPrice created_date)
@products = Product.all
filterable_columns.each do |column|
@products = @products.where(column => params[column]) if params[column]
end
|
Q:
install scala 2.10.4 plugin on scalaide
I installed scalaIDE on ubuntu. as installed, it has both scala 2.11.6 and 2.10.5 build in. The version I need is 2.10.4. How do I add that version into scalaIDE?
A:
Window -> Preferences -> Scala -> Installations
Click Add. Probably you will already have the version of scala you need in ~/.sbt/boot. Just choose, name it and click Ok.
Reference: BYOS (Bring Your Own Scala)
|
Tuesday, 26 June 2012
Whither the taxes?
Government borrowing for May is at record levels. Instead of a drop we are seeing a big increase over last year, from £15.2 billion to 17.9 billion. Simply put, although the austerity drive is seeking to curb the growth of the Government, the weak economy is reducing tax receipts at an even faster rate.
We are running very hard to go nowhere at all it seems. The only good news is that the continuing low gilt rates means that higher borrowing can be absorbed more easily than expected; but as the Government's headline goal is to shrink the deficit, this will be seen as failure.
Not that even more spending is going to help boosts tax receipts. Hopefully this goose is cooked once and for all. More Government spending is not helping boost the short-term economy substantially and payments made to pensions and benefits are a drain. An argument should be made for more capital investment as this should stimulate the economy - but with such opposition to HS2 and Heathrow expansion the Government is scared of large infrastructure programmes.
So how do we raise tax receipts - the contrarian view would be to lower taxes. Less taxes means more spending which in turn stimulates the economy and also increases consumption taxes like VAT. With such as high tax burden coupled with no return on savings people are not spending but trying to save and deleverage. Lower taxes would help to speed up this process and so bring forward eventual economic recovery. We need an emergency budget to start making some radical changes and probably a new Chancellor too.
16 comments:
Jan
said...
As I said yesterday we need to stop pussy-footing around and just get on with it. All this jaw-jawing which David Cameron seems to love makes me want to scream.
There are many bits of government which could be scrapped entirely saving on admin and unnecessary public sector jobs eg the winter fuel dept of DWP as I proposed yesterday. So cutting government spending on the one hand.
On the other obviously the huge tax avoidance schemes need curtailing and from the latest discussions it would seem that the government are beginning to look at this. However they have been exceedingly slow. This could have been started on day 1 of the present government.
Since it would seem that the richest 1% are the most likely to be getting away with paying the least amount of tax percentagewise then how about a luxury VAT rate on high end cars/yachts/clothes/cosmetic medical procedures etc which could be introduced virtually overnight and would be less avoidable than income tax?
Already I can hear howls of outrage but if the rich won't pay their fair share.....
"how about a luxury VAT rate on high end cars/yachts/clothes/cosmetic medical procedures etc which could be introduced virtually overnight and would be less avoidable than income tax?"
Yeah, right, cos the megawealthy just have to buy their cars/yachts/clothes/cosmetic medical procedures in the UK don't they? I mean none of then might decide 'You know what I don't fancy paying 50% VAT on my new Bentley, I'll buy one in Monaco where one of my other 10 houses is' would they?
How many more times has it got to be pointed out that the rich pay vastly more tax than most people earn in a year? That without the taxes the megawealthy already pay everyone else would have even higher taxes to pay, and less revenues to spend as well no doubt.
I wish everyone who earned more than £250K would leave the country. Then we'd see exactly what a huge debt the rest of us owe them.
Jim your wish is coming true, no matter what people say or get annoyed about. the tax take is dropping as people decide either not to earn it or to do so elsewhere.
Sumo - LVT, jesus wept, a communist.
No we can't tax assets as they don't grow in value. People may own a nice home without having 50k a year spare income to pay an increased rates bill.
VAT is a consumption tax, I fear you have been reading Mr Wadsworth too much. The vast majority of VAt is paid by the end user - most businesses reclaim it (pointless merry-go-round, but that's another sotry). If you don't buy, you don'ty pay.
LVT. Jeez. Another fucking commie trying to turn us into serfs. Fuck off.
The problem with this government is: there is no fucking austerity. They are pissing more money away this month than last month, more money this year than last year. There are no cuts. Even the slashing of defence spending is just paying for more foreign aid (or rather new Land Cruisers for kleptocrats and lady bountiful slumming it as an aid worker, it never has and never will do any fucking good), more 5-a-day cottaging outreach co-ordinators, more welfare for the workshy and even worse untold billions on supporting the Euro both directly and through the IMF. "No one has ever lost money lending to the IMF" is the cry. Well, useless Gideon is going to be the first to prove that maxim wrong.
This country has some serious problems. In no particular order we earn too little, we spend too much, we have a shitty and declining education system, but worst of all we are not sovereign. Here is the Weetabix plan for National Renewal.1. No more bailouts for banks. Spurn unsecured debts. They are the shareholders/creditors problem, not the taxpayer's. If they fail, they fail. Get the poison out of the system.2. Break up RBS and turn it into a proper working bank again.3. No more money for the EU. Organisations with fraudulent accounts run by kleptocrats can fuck off. Organise a referendum on leaving ASAP.4. Simplify the tax code. One rate: all income taxed at 25%. Don't care if it's wages/dividends/rent or whatever. no exemptions, no exceptions, no subsidies to distort the market. Abolish NI as it is just a tax on employment. Corporation tax at 15%. Once we're out of the EU we can dump VAT as well. It's a pain in the arse for business to administer.5. Reduce government spending by 10%+ in actual cash terms, not fictitious cuts in the rate of future spending. We could start with a real bonfire of quangos, followed by a 20% cut in Doctor's pay. Since they hate the profit motive in the NHS I am sure they will do their bit for the social weal. If they don't want to, the late Dave Allen's view that they are all drunken necrophiliacs may gain wider support.
And in the face of our national difficulties what are these fucking Frankfurt School Marxists who call themselves 'Conservative' doing? Drawing up a buggers charter so nancy boys can "marry". Fucking hell. We should be stringing our 'leaders' up with piano wire.
The lack of anything approaching cuts is both economically and politically stupid. They had a chance to do some seriously good work but instead have just kicked it down the line in an attempt to shore up votes which were never theirs in the first place.
The 50% tax rate to 45% was stoopid, either 50 or 40 but not some half arsed figure plucked out of nowhere - vote loser.
The lack of a freeze on public sector employment unless approved by some minister has just left officers in charge of their own departments and makes ministers look even smaller than we all know they are - stupid.
Cameron ditching CCHQ and getting the cabinet office to run policy planning is just trecherous at worst or juvenile at a push.
And where the fuck these policy announcements of preventing housing benefit to under 25s come from and HoL reform etc just beggars belief. Sure, they have value but only after some bloody work has been done and not instead of effort.
If I had any money that could be siphoned off into avoidance schemes i'd be doing it out of principle as these chumps are just pathetic. At least Labour supported their core and increased them through immigration but it seems that the Tory strategy toward their natural voters is both taken for granted yet held in contempt.
Every business, which is VAT registered like mine, gets VAT back in an endless, meaningless merry-go-round where we pay to HMRC only what we collect from others. Only the final consumer pays VAT. So it is very much a consumption tax.
I agree with CU, Sebastian Weetabix and Dick the Prick. No real cuts compounded by stunning government inefficiency.
To be fair to Mark Wadsworth who I have had considerable to and fro with about whether VAT is a consumption tax or a tax on business (he contends it is a tax on turnover) he does have something of a point. Consumers do not pay the whole burden of VAT. There is a spread of incidence from consumers to business that varies depending on the product. It depends on the demand and price elasticities.
For example think of restaurants - they charge VAT on food they sell. So if VAT were taken off cooked food sales, yes prices would fall, and consumers would benefit. But equally as prices fell, sales would rise, as people could afford to eat out more. So profits of restaurants would rise. Thus showing that the incidence of VAT falls not only on consumers but also businesses. VAT on cigarettes for example falls largely on the consumer, whereas VAT on restaurant meals is probably a much more even split.
You can't reaosnably tax the view that slapping 30,40,50% of tax on your labour/efforts/production is the heart of a caring capitalist economy
but slapping a tax on how much benefit you get from being near to the shops, having lots of cops on the street and money poured into the troughing local schools is the very spirit of lenin reaching out to drag all good tories boys down into the depths of deepest darkest socialism
That does not make any sense.
Look, this is Chewbacca. Chewbacca is a wookie from the planet Kashyyk. But Chewbacca lives on Endor, now think about that, that does not make sense!
Businesses either collect more VAT from customers than is paid to suppliers, or they get a refund from HMRC. Clearly some people here aren't aware of that. For B2B VAT has no effect.
Indeed businesses (B2B) never quote prices with VAT because VAT simply does not matter. Only at the end of the chain (the consumer and non-registered (small) businesses) does VAT get paid but not refunded. VAT is purchase tax with added surveillance. |
A cloud platform (i.e., a computing platform for cloud computing) may be employed by many users to store, manage, and process data using a shared network of remote servers. Users may develop applications on the cloud platform to handle the storage, management, and processing of data. In some cases, the cloud platform may utilize a multi-tenant database system. Users may access the cloud platform using various user devices (e.g., desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, or other computing systems, etc.).
In one example, the cloud platform may support customer relationship management (CRM) solutions. This may include support for sales, service, marketing, community, analytics, applications, and the Internet of Things. A user may utilize the cloud platform to help manage contacts of the user. For example, managing contacts of the user may include analyzing data, storing and preparing communications, and tracking opportunities and sales.
In some systems, a user device may run an application within a webpage (e.g., as an embedded component of the container webpage). In order to run the application, the user device may retrieve resources for the application from a server or database (e.g., associated with the cloud platform). In some cases, for data security purposes, a user device may only access these resources after passing an authentication procedure. However, authenticating the user device to access the resources for the embedded application may authenticate the entire browser session, allowing other un-affiliated applications access to the resources and resulting in security risks for the resources. |
686 N.E.2d 896 (1997)
Lawrence E. CLANTON, Appellant-Plaintiff,
v.
UNITED SKATES OF AMERICA, Appellee-Defendant.
No. 49A02-9703-CV-140.
Court of Appeals of Indiana.
October 27, 1997.
*897 Richard L. Brown, Brown Hastings & Clutter, Indianapolis, for Appellant-Plaintiff.
Mary K. Reeder, Riley Bennett & Egloff, Indianapolis, for Appellee-Defendant.
OPINION
BAKER, Judge.
Appellant-plaintiff Lawrence E. Clanton appeals the trial court's grant of summary judgment in favor of appellee-defendant United Skates of America (USA). Specifically, Clanton argues that the trial court erroneously concluded that the liability release he signed precluded him from recovering from USA for his injuries as a matter of law. Clanton also argues that USA's motion for summary judgment did not encompass his claim of negligent maintenance and design of the skating rink and, therefore, the trial court erred in granting summary judgment on this issue.
FACTS[1]
USA owns and operates a roller skating facility in Indianapolis. On March 24, 1992, Clanton, an experienced roller skater, decided to skate at USA. Upon entering the facility, Clanton was given an assumption of risk and complete release form to read and *898 sign. In pertinent part, the form provided as follows:
In consideration of permission to use, today and on all future dates, the property, facilities, and services (Facilities) of United Skates of America, Inc. (USA), I, the undersigned (Skater), hereby expressly agree:
1) THAT roller skating is a participation sport and I am fully aware of the risks and hazards involved in or arising from my use of or presence upon the facilities. I hereby assume any and all risks involved in or arising from my use or presence upon the facilities, including, without limitation, the risk of bodily injury resulting from collision between myself and another person or stationary object or the negligent or deliberate act of another person;
2) TO RELEASE USA and any of its successors, assigns, affiliates, officers, directors, employees and agents from, and AGREES NOT TO SUE ANY OR ALL OF THEM on account of or in connection with any claims, causes of action, injuries, damages, costs or expenses arising out of Skater's use of or presence upon the Facilities, including, but not limited to, those based on bodily injury, whether or not caused by the negligence or other fault of USA;
* * * * * *
6. I HAVE READ AND UNDERSTOOD THIS AGREEMENT. I UNDERSTAND THAT BY MAKING AND SIGNING THIS AGREEMENT, I SURRENDER VALUABLE RIGHTS, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, MY RIGHT TO SUE. I DO SO FREELY AND VOLUNTARILY.
Record at 34. In addition to the release, USA provided each skater with a list of customer rink rules, which specifically prohibited fast skating and pushing. USA also reserved the right to evict any skater who did not follow the rules. After signing the form, Clanton was permitted to enter the rink.
Over the next two years, Clanton regularly skated at USA's facilities. Each time he visited the facility, he was given a new release form to sign. However, Clanton either signed the additional forms with a false name or did not give his complete signature on the form. R. at 39-42.
On June 10, 1994, while Clanton was skating at USA, he was struck by another skater who was skating too fast, causing Clanton to fall into a wall and injure his arm. As a result, on August 9, 1995, Clanton filed a complaint against USA, alleging that his injuries were caused by USA's negligence in failing to maintain a safe skating environment and the negligent maintenance and design of the rink. Thereafter, USA filed a motion for summary judgment, arguing that Clanton had released it from liability for his injuries. Following a hearing on October 21, 1996, the trial court granted USA's motion for summary judgment. Clanton now appeals.
DISCUSSION AND DECISION
I. Standard of Review
In reviewing the propriety of the grant of summary judgment, we apply the same standard as the trial court and resolve any doubt as to any fact or inference to be drawn therefrom in favor of the party opposing summary judgment. Henshilwood v. Hendricks County, 653 N.E.2d 1062, 1065 (Ind. Ct.App.1995), trans. denied. Summary judgment is appropriate only if the designated evidentiary material shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Ind.Trial Rule 56(C). The party appealing the grant of summary judgment has the burden of persuading the court on appeal that the trial court's ruling was improper. Jordan v. Deery, 609 N.E.2d 1104, 1107 (Ind.1993).
II. Enforceability of the Release
Clanton contends that the trial court erroneously concluded that the release was valid and precluded him from recovering from USA as a matter of law. Specifically, he argues that the release is not enforceable for the following reasons: (1) USA did not present any evidence that he knowingly and willingly signed the release; (2) the release contravenes public policy by limiting a person's *899 ability to recover damages for personal injuries; and (3) the release does not preclude him from recovering for damages caused by USA's breach of its duty to enforce its rules and provide a safe skating environment.
As a general rule, Indiana courts permit parties to agree in advance that one is under no obligation for the care of another and shall not be liable for the consequences of conduct which would otherwise be negligent. Marshall v. Blue Springs Corp., 641 N.E.2d 92, 95 (Ind.Ct.App.1994). Therefore, in absence of legislation to the contrary, it is not against public policy to enter into an agreement which exculpates one from the consequences of his own negligence. Id. However, exceptions to this general rule exist when there is unequal bargaining power between the parties such that the party against whom the release is to be enforced did not "knowingly and willingly" execute the release or when there is evidence of fraud or misrepresentation. Shumate v. Lycan, 675 N.E.2d 749, 752 (Ind.Ct.App.1997), trans. denied. "Knowingly" refers to whether the party who signs the release understands its contents, while "willingly" refers to whether the release was signed under economic or other duress. Marshall, 641 N.E.2d at 96.
A. Knowingly and Willingly
We first address Clanton's contention that the release is unenforceable because there was no evidence that he knowingly and willingly executed the release. Specifically, Clanton argues that an exculpatory release is only valid in Indiana if the party seeking to enforce the release presents evidence that it explained the contents of the release to the other party or that the other party understood the consequences of signing the release. Because USA failed to present any evidence in this regard, Clanton contends that the release is unenforceable. Alternatively, he argues that a question of fact exists as to whether he knew and understood the contents of the release.
In support of his argument that USA had the burden of proving that he understood the release, Clanton relies on Weaver v. American Oil Co., 257 Ind. 458, 464, 276 N.E.2d 144, 148 (1971), in which our supreme court stated that the party seeking to enforce a liability release "has the burden of showing that the provisions were explained to the other party." Clanton fails to recognize, however, that this burden only applies when the other party has established that the contract is unconscionable because the enforcing party possesses such superior bargaining power that the contract is signed under economic or other duress. Id. As our supreme court stated:
When a party can show that the contract, which is sought to be enforced, was in fact an unconscionable one, due to a prodigious amount of bargaining power on behalf of the stronger party, which is used to the stronger party's advantage and is unknown to the lesser[ ] party, causing a great hardship and risk on the lesser party, the contract provision, or the contract as a whole, if the provision is not separable, should not be enforceable on the grounds that the provision is contrary to public policy. The party seeking to enforce such a contract has the burden of showing that the provisions were explained to the other party....
Id. (emphasis added).
Here, Clanton has not designated any evidence, and nothing in the record indicates, that USA possessed vastly superior bargaining power and unfairly compelled Clanton to sign the release. Rather, Clanton was skating at USA for purely personal enjoyment, not out of any economic or other need. Further, if Clanton was not willing to release USA from liability, he could have searched for other facilities which did not require the release or could have foregone skating altogether. We fail to see how a contract to engage in a voluntary and purely recreational activity could be unconscionable. Under these circumstances, we conclude that USA was not required to show that it explained the contents of the release to Clanton or that he understood its consequences.
Similarly, we reject Clanton's argument that a question of fact exists as to whether he knew or understood the contents of the release. Under Indiana law, a person is presumed to understand the documents *900 which he signs and cannot be released from the terms of a contract due to his failure to read it. Fultz v. Cox, 574 N.E.2d 956, 958 (Ind.Ct.App.1991); see also Shumate, 675 N.E.2d at 753 (party's failure to read exculpatory release was attributable to his own neglect and did not render release unenforceable). Here, Clanton admits that he signed the release. Further, nothing in the designated evidence indicates that Clanton was incapable of reading or that he required or requested assistance from USA to explain the release before he signed. Although Clanton asserts that he did not understand the terms of the release, the record reveals that Clanton testified, in his deposition, that he often signed false names or only a portion of his name to subsequent release forms because he did not want to sign away his "right[s] if [he] got hurt or something." R. at 41. This statement clearly indicates that Clanton understood the consequences of signing the release. Under these circumstances, we conclude that Clanton knowingly and willingly signed the release as a matter of law.
B. Public Policy
Clanton also argues that the release is unenforceable because it contravenes public policy. Specifically, he argues that IND.CODE § 26-1-2-719(3) prohibits the limitation of damages for personal injuries. Because the release in the present case precludes him from recovering from USA for his injuries, Clanton contends that the release constitutes a limitation on personal injury damages and, therefore, is "prima facie unconscionable." Appellant's Brief at 10.
As Clanton concedes, however, I.C. § 26-1-2-719 is limited, by its terms, to injuries arising from the sale of consumer goods. Here, Clanton's injuries arose through his use of USA's facilities, not from the sale of a consumer good. Thus, the statute is inapplicable in the present case. See Insul-Mark Midwest, Inc. v. Modern Materials, Inc., 612 N.E.2d 550, 553 (Ind.1993) (an agreement for the performance of services is not subject to sales provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code).
Moreover, this court has repeatedly upheld the validity of exculpatory releases in connection with a voluntary recreational activity, even though it prevents the injured party from recovering for his injuries. See, e.g., Shumate, 675 N.E.2d 749 (enforcing exculpatory release with regard to horseback riding); Terry v. Indiana State University, 666 N.E.2d 87 (Ind.Ct.App.1996) (enforcing release in connection with a motorcycle training course); Marshall v. Blue Springs Corp., 641 N.E.2d 92 (Ind.Ct.App.1994) (upholding exculpatory release in connection with scuba diving course); Moore v. Sitzmark Corp., 555 N.E.2d 1305, 1309 (Ind.Ct.App.1990) (enforcing release signed by skier, precluding her from maintaining negligence action against seller for negligently adjusting her ski bindings). To hold that this release is per se unenforceable on the basis that it limits an individual's recovery for his injuries, as Clanton urges us to do, would invalidate all exculpatory releases connected with a recreational activity. Such a result would dramatically raise the cost of participation in these activities and severely limit the public's recreational opportunities. Given that our legislature has clearly expressed its desire to encourage recreational activities by limiting the liability of landowners who open their property for recreational use by the public, see IND.CODE § 14-22-10-2, and Clanton's failure to cite any legislation which specifically prohibits such a release, we cannot conclude that this exculpatory release violates public policy.
C. Breach of Duties
Next, Clanton argues that even if the release is valid, it does not preclude him from bringing an action against USA to recover for his injuries. Specifically, Clanton argues that USA assumed a duty, through its customer rink rules, to provide a safe skating environment regardless of the release.
Initially, we note that Clanton has failed to cite any authority which supports his contention or explain why the release would not cover USA's alleged breach of its assumed duties. The failure to present a cogent argument results in waiver on appeal. Widmeyer v. Faulk, 612 N.E.2d 1119, 1122 n. 1 (Ind.Ct.App.1993).
*901 Notwithstanding waiver, we find that the release covers any potential breach of duty by USA. The interpretation of an exculpatory release, like any other contract document, is determined by the terms of the particular instrument, in light of all the facts and circumstances. OEC-Diasonics, Inc. v. Major, 674 N.E.2d 1312, 1314 (Ind.1996). Here, the release specifically states that the skater assumes all risks involved in or arising from his use or presence upon the facilities, including the risk of bodily injury resulting from a collision or the negligent or deliberate act of another person. Further, the release provides that the skater agrees to release USA from liability for any injury which arose from his "use of or presence upon the Facilities, including, but not limited to, those based on bodily injury, whether or not caused by the negligence or other fault of USA." R. at 34. This language clearly encompasses any liability arising from USA's alleged breach of duty to enforce its rules and provide a safe skating environment. Thus, we find no error.
III. Negligent Maintenance and Design
Finally, Clanton argues that, even if the release is valid, his claim for negligent maintenance and design of the rink survives because USA did not raise this issue in its motion for summary judgment. Specifically, Clanton contends that USA only addressed his injuries as they pertained to his "use of the facilities" in its motion for summary judgment and, therefore, conceded that his maintenance and design claim was a matter for the jury. We disagree.
In the present case, USA repeatedly asserted in its summary judgment motion, that Clanton had no cause of action against USA. Specifically, USA argued that the assumption of risk form "operates to release United Skates of America from all liability to [Clanton] asserted in this action." R. at 25. Notwithstanding Clanton's argument to the contrary, we find that USA's summary judgment motion was sufficient to raise his negligent maintenance and design claim.
Moreover, we note that the release necessarily encompassed any claim pertaining to the negligent design and maintenance of the rink. As previously stated, the release applied to any injuries arising from the skater's "use of or presence upon the facilities." R. at 34 (emphasis added). Thus, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment on Clanton's claim for negligent maintenance and design of the rink.
Judgment affirmed.
ROBERTSON and NAJAM, JJ., concur.
NOTES
[1] Oral argument was held on October 15, 1997, in the Decatur County Courthouse in Greensburg, Indiana.
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Scientists say that they found worrisome levels of benzene in the air in some Houston-area neighborhoods. But it’s where it may have come from that surprised them.
In February of last year, researchers drove three vans around the communities of Galena Park and Manchester on Houston's east side. The vans were packed with high-tech equipment that measured the air for toxic vapors. Computers then used weather data to pinpoint likely sources.
The researchers say they found spikes of benzene, a chemical linked to cancer. The benzene vapors were approaching unsafe levels for short term exposure and far exceeded safe limits for long term exposure.
The scientists say they suspected the benzene was coming from the big refineries and terminals along the Houston Ship Channel where crude oil, which contains benzene, is loaded to and from huge tanks and barges.
But the scientists say they traced much of the benzene to something else: pipelines that carry crude and other related products.
"This was something of a surprise to us," says Eduardo Olaguer, the scientist who led the project at the Houston Advanced Research Center.
"It turned out when we superimposed a graphics based on the existing pipeline database over our findings, oh, we see these huge spikes right on top of the pipeline system," Olaguer told Houston Public Media.
That system of pipelines and the benzene spikes can be seen in a map included in the technical paper published this month in the Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association.
Olaguer says what they found needs more research but should be a wake-up call for government regulators. The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality told Houston Public Media it will take a look at the study and evaluate it.
Editor’s note: In an earlier version of this story, we did not note the research and map are under a paywall. We apologize for the inconvenience. Here is the research if you choose to view.
Subscribe to Today in Houston Fill out the form below to subscribe our new daily editorial newsletter from the HPM Newsroom. Email* First Name Last Name * required |
Klaytn prioritizes its efforts on the mass adoption of blockchain-empowered services as to substantiate the value and utility of blockchain technology. In doing so, Klaytn has earlier made partnerships with 9 service providers including 'Wemade Tree' and 'Piction Network' in October, and established additional partnerships with 8 blockchain projects including 'Contents Protocol' powered by 'Watcha,' 'Atlas' powered by 'Zanadu,' and 'BORA' developed by 'Way2Bit.'
Using the deployed Klaytn testnet, the partners work towards further reinforcing Klaytn's ecosystem by releasing their DApp services at the time of mainnet launch, and will thereby contribute to the popularization of blockchain. Until the mainnet release in the first half of 2019, Klaytn will continue to expand its partnerships.
'Contents Protocol,' a content review data platform powered by 'Watcha', a film rating and recommendation app with 4.5 million users, is joining Klaytn. The protocol records users' film-related activities including ratings, reviews, and recommendations performed within 'Watcha Play' onto blockchain technology and rewards users based on their contribution. Contents Protocol also plans to collaborate with other digital content platforms in areas of music, comics, e-books, etc., thereby scaling the reach of blockchain in respective markets.
Atlas is a blockchain-based travel content and transaction platform developed by China's leading luxury travel company Zanadu with an established user base of 2 million high-end travelers. Atlas, based in Singapore, connects all consumers and suppliers in the travel industry to a decentralized marketplace that incentivizes content creation, transaction and consent-based sharing, and ultimately contribute towards invigorating the entire value chain in the travel industry through a transparent and fair ecosystem.
BORA, a blockchain-based digital content platform, developed by Way2Bit is also joining Klaytn. As a game and digital content platform, BORA proposes solutions to revitalize digital content service distribution and user participation based on transparent transaction records on blockchain. BORA has also previously partnered with over 20 major game developers in Korea including '4:33,' 'Action Square,' 'Factorial Games,' and 'Thumbage.'
Other notable industry partners include 'SPIN Protocol,' an influencer driven-social commerce platform; 'Cloudbric,' a deep-learning security solution spun-off from the global security tech firm 'Penta Security'; 'Insureum,' a data-sharing blockchain protocol for the enrichment of the insurance value chain, powered by the healthcare startup 'Zikto'; 'Knocknock,' a blockchain-based ID verification service powered by Singapore-based 'IDBook' in technological partnership with 'WEWAY'; and, 'Antube,' a short-video entertainment service powered by 'DATA' integrated with 'Yomob,' a mobile ad monetization platform which serves ads to over 120 million users on monthly basis.
"Klaytn is partnering with successful firms that have developed and operated services accruing millions of users, and the collaboration will contribute to building a user-friendly blockchain service," said Jason Han, the CEO of Ground X, heading the development and operation of Klaytn. He further added, "Together with initial service partners, Klaytn will take the blockchain industry to the next level by focusing on creating meaningful real use-cases, which stands as the next key challenge in our industry."
Klaytn, which has launched the testnet exclusively to its partners last October, is dedicated to the mass adoption of blockchain. In doing so, Klaytn provides user-friendly UX/UI and intuitive DX environment for developers to create blockchain services. Klaytn also separates CNs (consensus nodes) and RNs (ranger nodes) to divide roles between consensus and block replication in favor of efficiency. After completing the Klaytn testnet run to its exclusive partners, Klaytn plans to launch the mainnet in the first half of 2019. Until the official mainnet release, Klaytn will continue to expand its partnerships.
Any service providers and developers interested in using Klaytn testnet can register on the official Klaytn homepage at www.klaytn.com and apply for a partnership screening.
Continuing its community building efforts, Klaytn has successfully held 'Hello, Klaytn in BKK' meetup on November 27th in Bangkok. This Bangkok meetup followed Klaytn's first public event, 'Hello, Klaytn in SF,' which took place in San Francisco, California during the San Francisco Blockchain Week back in October. Klaytn plans to hold additional meetups in various locations with the goal to expand the reach of blockchain and increase its awareness in global markets.
[About Klaytn]
Klaytn is a public blockchain platform of the leading South Korean mobile platform, Kakao. Dedicated to validating the value and utility of blockchain technology by providing a blockchain service for mass adoption, Klaytn provides an easy development environment and friendly user experience. Klaytn seeks to continue advancing the platform to offer blockchain services for millions of users.
Project Category Contents Contents Protocol Content Powered by 'Watcha,' a film rating and recommendation app with 4.5 million users, Contents Protocol will first be applied to Watcha Play and also other platforms covering a variety of contents including music, comics, and e-books. Atlas Travel As a blockchain-based travel platform, Atlas connects all consumers and suppliers in the travel industry to a decentralized marketplace that incentivizes content creation, transaction and consent-based data-sharing. BORA Game/Content A game and digital content platform developed by Way2Bit, BORA provides solutions for vitalizing digital content service distribution and user participation using transparent transaction records on blockchain. BORA has also previously partnered with over 20 major game developers in Korea including '4:33,' 'Action Square,' 'Factorial Games,' and 'Thumbage.' SPIN Protocol E-Commerce As an influencer driven-social commerce platform empowering social influencers with peer-to-peer commerce capabilities for the first time, SPIN Protocol allows users to work as global influencers and individual sellers by efficiently handing cross-border transactions, shipping, and customer service concerns. Cloudbric Security As a strategic partner to the global security technology vendor Penta Security, Cloudbric is a global security solution providing threat database based on deep-learning AI technology. INSUREUM Finance Operated by the healthcare startup Zikto, INSUREUM is a blockchain protocol that supports the development of novel insurance products. The protocol connects insurance companies, policy holders, and data providers to be shared in an automated, transparent, and simultaneous manner for easier data analysis, sales, and claims management of insurance products. Knocknock ID verification Knocknock, a blockchain-based ID verification service powered by the Singapore-based IDBook in technical partnership with WEWAY, offers a social network for professionals with industrial-strength transparency and credibility. Antube Content A blockchain-based mobile video entertainment platform powered by DATA, a US-based digital data authentication and attention monetization project. Antube also works with Yomob that integrates global mobile ad networks including Google and Facebook to serve over 120 million monthly users. Antube shares its profit for ecosystem contributors from Korea, US, and other English-speaking countries.
SOURCE Klaytn
Related Links
http://www.klaytn.com
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crossfit
After her divorce, Samantha Hillis was suddenly thrown into the role of single mother. After taking control of her lifestyle, she lost an amazing 80 pounds. Samantha is proud to lead by example and she’s now enjoying activities with her young son that she never thought would be possible.
More from Samantha in her own words -
Tell me when your weight struggles began. I have always been overweight. Growing up I was the only overweight person in my family. I had tried to lose weight many times with pills and meal replacements, but I didn’t change my diet so nothing seemed to work.
What habits specifically led you to gain weight? When I got pregnant I gained 80 pounds! I went from staying between 200 and 210 to 280. After having my son I lost about 50 pounds, but my diet still wasn’t on point. I ate fast food every day, and when I did cook at home we would eat fried foods or a ton of pasta. I would rather sit on the couch and watch the Food Network than go for a walk.
What caused you to realize you needed to change? Nothing ever fit right, and I was never able to share clothes with friends or my sisters. I hated going shopping because I didn’t want to believe that I was in a size 18/20. When I got divorced last year I went to the doctor. I almost cried when I saw the number 248 flashing on the scale in front of me. I had gained 15 pounds in ONE month. That’s when I knew I needed to get healthy for my son.
Personal trainers are supposed to be the cheerleaders of the gym. Their role is to guide us through our weight loss journey by challenging us to work harder, demonstrating proper technique, answering questions, and giving the all-important pep talk. Unfortunately, they can also be overzealous, insensitive, inappropriate, and downright rude.
If you have a bad experience with a personal trainer but love your gym, it can seem like an inequitable fitness divorce. The personal trainer gets to keep the house (gym) with the pool while you sulk away with your bag of funky sweaty towels and workout clothes.
The Bored Trainer
After the birth of my second daughter I joined a local YMCA to get back in shape and eliminate my “bingo wings.” I was a tired mama looking for a beacon of weight loss hope. Instead, I was introduced to my personal trainer, the apathetic chubby lady babysitter. I talked about my goals. He yawned. I didn’t know how to turn on a stair climbing machine. He told me to get on, pushed all the buttons for me, and then watched Judge Judy on the gym TV while I tried not to pass out. Read Full Post >
Shelly Jones lives by the motto, “Keep moving forward.” After losing 57 pounds, she was waylaid by knee surgery and other external forces beyond her control. Though she’s been frustrated by the lack of movement on the scale, she knows there are other methods to chart her success including the way her body feels, the healthy choices she makes and in the way her clothes fit.
When Shelly went swimsuit shopping this summer she said she almost started crying. “I realized how much smaller I looked in the mirror and how much better I feel.” Regarding the picture below, Shelly admitted, ” That girl in the first two pictures, while happy, was miserable.”
More from Shelly in her own words:
Tell me when your weight struggles began. My weight struggles started when I was a child. Many of my fondest memories have food in them. I am not sure at what point I became fat, but I can recall being made fun of as early as 3rd grade.
What habits specifically led you to gain weight? God created me a little on the sensitive side with a flare for drama and these emotions were handled with food. They still are to this day. As much as I showed my emotions, I covered them up inside, calorie after calorie.
What caused you to realize you needed to change? I have always known I needed to change, I just had difficulty making it happen. I do not want to pass down a legacy of bad food choices, dependence on food, or an unhealthy body weight or image to my girls.
Ben Affleck was a brief topic of conversation the other night when Jennifer Lopez stopped by the Bravo TV Clubhouse to chat it up with host, Andy Cohen. Among the dish was an assertion by J Lo that she helped Ben with his fashion choices during their two year relationship saying, “I did kind of like say, ‘you need to be, you know – You’re a movie star! You should wear a suit. . . ‘
Oh, Ben is going to wear a suit alright, a BAT SUIT! And by the look of some recently leaked photos, he’s going to fill it out nicely. My goodness. Is it warm in here?
When director, Zack Snyder, made the announcement that Ben Affleck would play the iconic role in the upcoming Superman sequel, Batman Vs. Superman: Dawn of Justice, the interwebs wasted no time declaring that the actor best known for roles in Armageddon, Good Will Hunting, and Argo, had no business playing a super hero.
Ben shrugged off the bat-hate and then went out and just got ripped, you guys. Though no details have been released about his prep for the movie, we do know that he’s working with celebrity nutritionist and natural bodybuilder, Rehan Jalali, who also helped him get cut and chiseled for the 2010 movie, The Town.
According to Jalali, Ben’s previous diet consisted of six to seven small meals per day with a focus on lean protein (wild salmon) carbs (sweet potatoes), plus essential fats (almonds). In a Twitter Q&A session this spring, Jalali would only say, “the training is very focused and intense. We’re going for a real-life super hero look.”
If you’ve decided that working out on your old elliptical machine while re-watching Breaking Bad episodes on Netflix isn’t helping you achieve maximum weight loss results, maybe it’s time to get out of the basement and join a gym. While some fitness centers offer bare-bones equipment for an affordable price, others offer a wide variety of amenities, but you’ll definitely pay to play.
Before you get out your wallet, decide what’s important to you in a fitness center and what you’re willing to pay for, then choose a gymaccordingly. Below is a brief overview to help you make your decision. From Mild-Mannered to Big and Fancy, what do you need for your workout experience in 2014?
Mild Mannered $ – Planet Fitness, Anytime Fitness, Curves, Blink
Low membership fees and no-hassle contracts mean you can get in shape without taking out a 2nd mortgage
Often cater to first-time gym members by discouraging intimidating behavior like grunting, growling and gun-showing in the weight room
Easy-to-use cardio and strength equipment, so you actually spend your time working out, not punching buttons and reading the user’s guide
No children allowed and no child care. Is that necessarily a bad thing, though? Time away from the kids is OK, especially if you’re getting healthy
Stay in Touch
The information provided within this site is strictly for the purposes of information only and is not a replacement or substitute for professional advice, doctors visit or treatment. The provided content on this site should serve, at most, as a companion to a professional consult. It should under no circumstance replace the advice of your primary care provider. You should always consult your primary care physician prior to starting any new fitness, nutrition or weight loss regime. |
Should I MOD ?
I've been looking and reading about all the mods you guys do. I was thinking of getting the stage I kit put in.
Would do you think it would cost me to have it done by the dealer? And what will I gain as far as more speed vs the cost?
Now will be a good time for me to do it since I will be in for my 10 hour service next week and I am leaving on a cruise on the 15th. So, I will be away for 2 weekends and not be riding. Might as well have it in the shop during that time. Provided derrick has the time to do it?
By the way, you get the kit from Jerry and Shibby and I will meet up with you in south Jersey and do a better than professional install for the price of lunch. That's right- he does what I tell him to do !
By the way, you get the kit from Jerry and Shibby and I will meet up with you in south Jersey and do a better than professional install for the price of lunch. That's right- he does what I tell him to do !
He doesn't eat much either, so that's another +
LOL! true that... we're always up for a day trip. i'm cheap... 3 items on the 99 cent menu at Wendys and i'm good to go.
Vic when you were running my ski next to the wifes...was she pulling from you?
Yeah, just a little at a time- and I can usually hang on a little better than her so usually its me who comes out ahead, especially when we hit a little bit of chop or wake, she most of the time loses some ground to me.
Didn't have the 14/17R in that RXT when we were down in DC either. That thing added 1- 1.5 mph I would say. I would definately recommend that prop for you when you need one, or keep an eye out for a used one.
You def. got a fast Limited though; because hers had OPAS, wedge, and power filter when we ran them and they were close... |
Q:
Getting directions between two points in google maps iOS SDK
I have the following code to get the path between two points in Google maps iOS SDK. However, I am not receiving any data back or any errors even.
let url = URL(string: "http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=\(latitude),\(longitude)&destination=\(finallat),\(finallong)&key=**************")
URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data:Data?, response:URLResponse?, error:Error?) in
if let data = data {
do {
// Convert the data to JSON
let jsonSerialized = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as? [String : Any]
if let json = jsonSerialized, let url = json["url"], let explanation = json["explanation"] {
print(url)
print(explanation)
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
} else if let error = error {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
A:
You don't do anything with the dataTask so it isn't actually being called. You need to call resume().
let url = URL(string: "http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=\(latitude),\(longitude)&destination=\(finallat),\(finallong)&key=**************")
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: url!) { (data:Data?, response:URLResponse?, error:Error?) in
if let data = data {
do {
// Convert the data to JSON
let jsonSerialized = try JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data, options: []) as? [String : Any]
if let json = jsonSerialized, let url = json["url"], let explanation = json["explanation"] {
print(url)
print(explanation)
}
} catch let error as NSError {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
} else if let error = error {
print(error.localizedDescription)
}
}
task.resume()
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Q:
Add more structure tag to permalink?
I'm new in wordpress .I wondering is there anyway to get the category id in permalink ?
My current permalink is :
http:///example.com/%category%/%post_id%-%postname%.html
http:///example.com/music/1-hello.html
Now my music category_id is 2 , how to add this category_id to permalink ? I want to this:
http:///example.com/2-music/1-hello.html
A:
You would have to create your own permalink structure tab. For example:
add_filter('post_link', 'cat_id_permalink', 10, 3);
add_filter('post_type_link', 'cat_id_permalink', 10, 3);
function cat_id_permalink($permalink, $post_id, $leavename) {
if (strpos($permalink, '%catid%') === FALSE) return $permalink;
// Get post
$post = get_post($post_id);
if (!$post) return $permalink;
// Get category ID
$category = end(get_the_category());
$catid = $category->cat_ID;
return str_replace('%catid%', $catid, $permalink);
}
Note, this code will only work if the post is listed in one category. You'll have to add a bit more logic if the post is possibly listed under more than one category.
This code is added to your functions.php file. WordPress filters allow you to modify or extend the functionality of the core WordPress code without having to change the core files (and risk losing your changes with the next WordPress update.)
The code above is called prior to returning a processed url (via the post_link and post_type_link filters). When the function runs, it returns the newly parsed permalink structure.
The // Get post code returns the original permalink unchanged is there isn't a valid post ID.
The // Get category ID uses get_the_category() to retrieve a category ID if there is a valid post ID. Note get_the_category() retrieves an array of category IDs, because a post may be in multiple categories. The end function returns the last element of the array.
Finally, using str_replace, we swap our the %catid% tab with the $catid variable, and return the new permalink.
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BRUSSELS/LONDON (Reuters) - Two big Irish energy projects designed to reduce dependence on Britain are set to benefit from EU funding as the bloc steps up efforts to support the country with the most to lose when its bigger neighbor quits the European Union.
Irish Minister for Communications, Climate Action and Environment Denis Naughten reacts during an interview with Reuters in Brussels, Belgium February 27, 2017. REUTERS/Yves Herman
Brexit has cast doubt over the security of the gas Ireland imports from Britain, which supplies 60 percent of its needs. As an EU member, Ireland is not allowed to negotiate a bilateral trade agreement.
The Irish government has thrown its weight behind two new energy import projects: EirGrid and RTE’s Ireland-France electricity link, and a liquefied natural gas (LNG) import terminal proposed by a private investment vehicle that took over the project from U.S. energy giant Hess.
“Because all of our electricity and gas interconnections are with Britain, it would be irresponsible of us not to explore all other options,” Ireland’s Energy Minister Denis Naughten told Reuters.
“We will be available and will assist,” he said, adding that the projects may seek funding from Ireland’s state strategic investment fund.
The European Investment Bank (EIB), which invested some 800 million euros ($845 million) in Ireland last year, said it would be interested in lending money to support the Ireland-France electricity link, also known as the Celtic Interconnector.
The EIB has previously provided loans to European LNG import projects.
“The EIB is very conscious that Ireland is uniquely exposed to the economic consequences of Brexit,” EIB Vice President Andrew McDowell told Reuters.
“The need to show tangible European support for Ireland is becoming more pressing and the EIB is part of that.”
The two Irish energy import projects are each expected to cost around 1 billion euros each to build so securing additional funding sources would provide a huge boost.
EirGrid said it was focusing on evaluating the cost of the Celtic Interconnector and would concentrate on funding arrangements later.
A spokesman for the Shannon LNG project said the company was evaluating its funding options.
The Celtic Interconnector, set to run from the southern Irish coast to Brittany in France from 2025, last month received a 4 million euro funding boost from the EU, showing Ireland’s energy security is also at the top of the European Commission’s agenda.
The Shannon LNG project will be able to pump a maximum of 28.3 million cubic meters of gas per day into the Irish grid, equivalent to more than twice Ireland’s annual gas demand. It will be the closest European port of call for a glut of U.S. LNG exports set to start flowing in coming years.
The developer is also proposing to build Ireland’s first gas storage tanks and a 500-megawatt power plant at the site.
But plans for the LNG terminal, shortlisted for EU funding, have lain idle in recent years because global LNG oversupply and Irish regulations on costs for connecting the facility to the network have hampered the project’s economics.
IRELAND’S ‘PIVOTAL ROLE’
Ireland’s energy dependence on Britain puts it in a sticky position at Brexit talks: On one hand, a deal that lets Britain maintain its trade ties would mean less interruption to Ireland’s energy supplies; on the other, Dublin needs to align itself with its EU allies, who can afford a much tougher stance.
“Ireland will play a pivotal role in these negotiations because of Northern Ireland,” said Silke Goldberg, partner specializing in energy law at Herbert Smith Freehills.
Experts are concerned Brexit could jeopardize plans to join the Irish and Northern Irish electricity markets by the end of this year, a multi-year project to create a unified Irish electricity market in line with EU legislation.
“Our first concern is that we don’t revert back to a divided Ireland on energy,” said Eamon Ryan, Irish energy minister between 2007 and 2011 and now leader of Ireland’s Green Party. |
Q:
How do I specify DLNA PlaySingle support in my Media Server Device Profile?
DLNA CTT 1.5.00.51 Test 7.3.80.1,2,3,4 MM CDS DLNA PlaySingle URI Value is failing with the error message "Not Applicable: The device profile reports the DUT does not support PlaySingle URIs"
I have changed my connection manager to return
"http-get:*:audio/mpeg:*"
",http-get:*:audio/wav:*"
",dlna-playsingle:*:audio/mpeg:*"
",dlna-playsingle:*:audio/wav:*"
when GetProtocolInfo is invoked.
Is that the right string? Or am I way of track?
I also tried
"http-get:*:audio/mpeg:*"
",http-get:*:audio/wav:*"
",playsingle-http-get:*:audio/mpeg:*"
",playsingle-http-get:*:audio/wav:*"
I have read the DLNA and searched the web but there didn't seem to be much documentation.
A:
I had missed a test tool configuration option.
In the CTT create a new device profile; on the option page select "Play Modes" then check the "Play Single URI's" option.
Thereafter 7.3.80.1,2,3,4 and the other 7.3.80.* test cases will be available.
There is no need to alter the devices profile or the results of GetProtocolInfo.
(Maybe it should read "PlaySingle URIs")
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The European Elections Monitor
In the polls the Socialists just ahead of the outgoing right-wing coalition in Portugal
In the polls the Socialists just ahead of the outgoing right-wing coalition in Portugal
08/09/2015 - Analysis
On 22nd July last the President of Portugal Anibal Cavaco Silva (Social Democratic Party, PSD) announced that the next general elections would take place in Portugal on 4th October next. On the same day nearly 5000 people demonstrated in the streets of Lisbon asking for the resignation of the government led by Pedro Passos Coelho (PSD) and the end of political austerity.
21 parties are running in this general election; 14 are standing in the country's 22 constituencies. Just one month before the election the opposition leads in the polls - a situation ongoing since 2012 - but its lead over the government coalition is very slight.
The most recent poll by Eurosondagem in August credits the Socialist Party (PS) with 36.3% of the vote and the Social Democratic Coalition (PSD)-People's Party (PP) with 34.8%. These two parties are running ahead of the Unified Democratic Coalition (CDU) that is due to win 10% of the vote and the Left Block (BE) 5%.
The Portuguese electoral law which previously obliged the media to bring together all the leaders of the parties running in the election in any debate they organised has been modified. Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho and his main rival, socialist leader Antonio Costa, are to meet in a face to face interview on the three main Portuguese TV channels (RTP1, SIC and TV1) on 9th September. Eight days later the two men will face each other again in a debate that will be broadcast on radio Antena 1, Renascença and TSF.
Still a weak country
In 2011 Portugal benefited from a rescue plan of 78 billion € granted to it by the IMF, the European Commission and the European Central Bank in exchange for the adoption by Lisbon of structural reforms with the aim of restoring the country's competitiveness, reducing the debt and, more widely, consolidating public finances. Although the country has not experienced a bank or real estate crisis like Ireland, its economic growth has been extremely low. Money became extremely expensive for Portugal which could only borrow on the financial markets at interest rates over 8% on 10 year loans. The financial markets then considered that Lisbon had no other option but to request international aid to end the crisis and the then Prime Minister, José Socrates (PS), had to ask for financial help from the European Union and the IMF.
After its victory in the last general elections on 5th June 2011 by the Social Democratic Party Pedro Passos Coelho's government implemented an austerity policy: many budgetary cuts, sharp tax increases (+40%), reduction in civil servants' salaries, privatisation of state-run businesses, major reduction in unemployment benefits, etc. These austerity measures led to a reduction in the budgetary deficit but they also increased unemployment and reduced the living standard of many Portuguese.
Between 2011 and 2013 Lisbon experienced 11 consecutive quarters without growth, the country's severest recession in 40 years.
On 17th May 2014, Portugal officially emerged from the international aid programme which it had been granted in May 2011, achieving this without a safety net i.e. any additional aid. In three years the country has won back its access to the international financial markets and finalised its programme for budgetary consolidation. The Portuguese GDP has been in the black for the last 8 quarters; Pedro Passos Coelho's government is forecasting growth of 1.6% this year. In 2014, ahead of the deadline, Lisbon even paid back nearly a quarter of its debt of 29.6 billion € to the IMF.
Although the Portuguese economy is more balanced than some years ago and businesses are stronger and more competitive and all economic players (households, businesses, civil service) have reduced their spending, recovery is weak and the upswing is not to the benefit of the entire population. Hence unemployment is still high (12.1% in July 2015 - its lowest level since 2010 however and just a few 10ths below the European average (11.1% in comparison with 17.5% in January 2013). One third of the under 25s are looking for a job and half of the graduates under 35 find employment in a series of temporary contracts and earn no more than 900€ per month. There is a great amount of inequality: according to the most recent OECD report Portugal is one of the countries with the highest inequality levels and the one in the euro zone which has become the poorest: 10% of the richest Portuguese possess 25.9% of the country's wealth and the poorest 10% only 2.6%. Nearly one Portuguese citizen in five lives below the poverty line, i.e. with an income below 411€. Taxes are at an historic high and the government debt is also still high (130% of the GDP). Finally emigration is at its highest level since 1960. In 2013 more than 100,000 people left Portugal. Many went to live in former colonies (Mozambique, Brazil and Angola). Unemployment and emigration explain the decline in the country's working population (- 0.80% over the last 12 months).
Growth remains weak and this is mainly due to the contraction in domestic demand and imports; whilst exports are up, recovery is still too slow for the country to recover its pre-crisis output and employment levels. Lisbon has also benefited from the weak euro and the drop in oil prices.
The IMF has indicated that the country might not achieve the deficit goal that it had set itself this year (2.70%, i.e. below the 3% mark set by the Stability and Growth Pact which would be a first in 15 years) if it did not make further spending cuts. The EU has also asked Lisbon to take steps in support of consolidation.
Portugal would also like to reduce its debt to 125% of the GDP.
The parties running
Severely shaken in 2013 [1], the outgoing coalition formed by the Social Democratic Party and the People's Party is more united now than ever before. Both sides have chosen to run joint lists in the general election.
Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho is campaigning for the continuation of the present austerity policy which is vital in his opinion. He maintains that a second mandate granted to his coalition "would reduce the danger of a return towards bad policies and dangerous illusions." "The Socialist Party is promising the electorate miracles and will lead the country to disaster. I am convinced now more than ever that the path that we have adopted is the one we must follow," repeats the outgoing head of government.
Pedro Passos Coelho can use the recovery of the housing market as a support as well as the rise in exports and investments and also the good figures produced by tourism. He is promising tax relief (reduction of 4 points in taxes that are a burden to businesses and the reimbursement of a quarter of a surcharge of 3.5% on income tax in 2016).
The government is also able to promote the positive figures published at the end of August by the Portuguese Statistics Institute (INE) which show that growth is continuing (+ 0.4% for the GDP in the 2nd trimester 2015) whilst unemployment continues to decline. Youth unemployment is improving although one third of the latter (31%) still have no job. The Socialist Party is challenging the recovery boasted by Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho. "With high emigration the labour market has contracted over the last 15 quarters. If we add the 250,000 unemployed who have relinquished their quest for work to the 650,000 unemployed, the 350,000 migrants and the 170 000 trainees, we have a clearer idea of the legacy left by this government," declared Mario Centeno, the PS's economic programme. "Of course emigration has helped improve the labour market figures but employment is rising and business heads are more confident," said Paulo Carvalho, economist at the bank BPI.
At the end of August the Portuguese government announced that the budgetary deficit (5.37 billion €) had decreased by 8% over the first seven months of this year and said it was confident in that it would drop below the threshold of 3% of the GDP in 2013: 2.7% in comparison with 4.5% last year. The coalition in office also indicated that the State's fiscal revenue had increased by 4.9% (20.87 billion € over the first seven months of 2015).
The Socialist Party is promising to turn the page on austerity which in its opinion is simply making the Portuguese poorer. The party suffered a leadership crisis in 2014. On 28th September 2014, the Mayor of Lisbon Antonio Costa finally won the primary election organised by his party with 67.9% of the vote against the party's leader José Antonio Seguro, who won 31.7% of the vote. Antonio Costa was elected Secretary General of the PS on 22nd November with 96% of the vote and will therefore be leading the Socialist campaign.
According to the party's leader the policy undertaken by the government coalition has made life for the unemployed more difficult, it has increased job insecurity and damaged public services, notably in terms of education and healthcare. Antonio Costa is however very discreet and very vague about the way he intends to end austerity. "We want to govern better and differently," he declared saying, "We have to stop taking radical positions and start constructive debate."
The Socialist Party has made the fight to counter unemployment and to improve job security its priorities. It accuses the outgoing government of not creating jobs and of simply financing short term training sessions that take the unemployed out of the national statistics. It plans to stimulate the country's economic growth by providing the Portuguese with greater buying power again. To do this it hopes to reduce the social charges that are a burden to employees (reduction from 11% to 7% in terms of social security contributions) likewise those weighing on employers. It is proposing the reduction of taxes introduced by the outgoing coalition which in its opinion "have suffocated the middle class", the restoration of civil servants' salaries to their 2011 levels and the reintroduction of a 35 hour working week for civil servants (working time had been increased in the civil service to 40 hours a week at the end of 2013 in order to align with the private sector). However the socialists are proposing to introduce a new inheritance tax and sanctions against businesses in which there is a high staff turnover. It wants to make it harder to dismiss people and is promising to increase spending in the healthcare and education sectors. It is putting forward a traditional policy of wealth redistribution which seems impossible in view of the state of government finances. As the election date gradually approaches Antonio Costa has however moderated his discourse on austerity. He has said for example that he would honour Portugal's commitments if he came to office in October next and would continue the deficit reduction policy.
If it wins on 4th October the PS is not due to win an absolute majority. It might then find it difficult to form a coalition. The socialists might choose to form a minority government or join forces with the "small parties" - solutions which both appear potentially to be the vectors of instability.
Just one month before the election the PS has suffered a heavy blow with the imprisonment of its former leader, ex-Prime Minister (2005-2011) José Socrates is being prosecuted (with six other people) for corruption, money laundering and tax fraud.
The former socialist leader is said to have repatriated 20 million € from a Swiss bank account to Portugal via an extraordinary regularisation scheme introduced in 2009 by his government which enabled tax adjustment and therefore granting a kind of amnesty for any type of tax fraud.
The authorities also believe that the building company Lena paid major sums of money into a Swiss bank account held by Carlos Santos Silva, a businessman close to José Socrates, in exchange for favours granted to the company during the socialist leader's mandate as head of the country. The former Prime Minister is denying the accusations made against him but these scandals and his detention have been a heavy burden for the PS.
During the local elections on 29th September 2013 the Socialist Party won 36.26% of the vote and 149 town councils (+18 in comparison with the previous local elections on 11th October 2009), including Lisbon where Antonio Costa won the absolute majority, Coimbra, Vila Nova de Gaia and Sintra. The Social Democratic Party won 16.7% of the vote and 106 town councils (- 32). These elections were typified by a record number of independent candidates (80 in comparison with 54 four years previously). The latter won 6.89% of the vote and 13 town councils including that of Porto - the country's second most important town. Turnout was low (52.60%).
The Portuguese Exception
Unlike Greece or Spain Portugal, where several demonstrations against the austerity policy have rallied many citizens in street protests, has no radical left party that might threaten the main parties. Several new parties have been created over the last few months: one on the left Livre/Tempo de avançar (Free/Time to move forward L/TDA) founded in 2013 and three in the centre: Juntos pelo povo (Together for the People, JPP) created in March 2014 and led by Elvio Sousa; Nos, Cidadãos!, (We, the citizens!) founded mid-2014 and led by Mendo Castro Henriques and the Republican Democratic Party, created in October 2014 by lawyer and former President of the Bar Association Antonio Marinho e Pinto which is fighting for electoral reform and justice. The Earth Movement which the latter led previously did however make a breakthrough in the European elections on 7th June 2014 winning 7.72% of the vote and two seats.
"Portugal has lacked a political project that might gain the trust of the discontented," analyses Viriato Soromentho Marques, a professor of Political Science at the University of Lisbon. The ambiguous attitude of the Socialist Party, deemed by some to be working hand in hand with the Troika might have benefited from an offer on the part of the radical left but this was not the case. .
There are several reasons behind the weakness of this political trend in Portugal one of which is the importance of the Communist Party that undoubtedly absorbs a greater share of the left's protest vote. The lack of any charismatic leader who can galvanise discontent within the alternative parties is also an important factor. The Portuguese political system, which is slightly proportional also makes it difficult for the "small" parties to find representation and as a result gain access by the latter to public funding. Finally European surveys show that the Portuguese are much less politicised and less interested in politics than the Spanish and the Greeks. In the face of the crisis many have preferred abstention to the protest vote. "As is often the case everything that is happening in Europe takes several years to get to Portugal," concludes sociologist Elisio Estanque.
The Portuguese Political System
There is only one chamber in the Portuguese parliament. The Assembly of the Republic comprises 230 members, elected every four years by a proportional system within 22 multi-member constituencies. The country comprises 18 metropolitan constituencies and 2 autonomous regions - Madeira and the Azores which each form one constituency. In addition to this Portuguese living abroad are divided into two constituencies: the first includes those living in Europe, the second those living elsewhere in the world.
The lists of candidates are blocked hence voters cannot express their preferences on the list for which they are voting.
After the election seats are distributed according to the d'Hondt method.
5 political parties are represented in the Assembly of the Republic at present:
– the Social Democratic Party (PSD), created in 1974 and led since March 2010 by Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho, with 108 MPs;
– the Socialist Party (PS), founded in 1973, led since September 2014 by Antonio Costa, with 74 seats;
– the People's Party (PP), formerly the Social Democratic Centre/People's Party (CDS/PP), a Christian Democratic party founded in 1974, a member of the outgoing government coalition and led by Paulo Portas, with 24 MPs;
–the Communist Party (PCP) created in 1921 with 14 seats
-the Ecologist-the Greens (PEV) founded in 1982 with 2 seats;.
These two parties formed the United Democratic coalition (CDU) with Democratic Intervention (ID). The coalition is led by Jeronimo de Sousa.
– the Left Block (BE), founded in 1999 and led by Joao Semedo and Catarina Martins, with 8 MPs
The Portuguese also elect their president every five years by direct universal suffrage. The present head of State is Anibal Cavaco Silva (PSD), who was re-elected with 52.94% of the vote on 23rd January 2011 in the first round. He is the first president of the country's liberal Republic since the Carnation Revolution on 25th April 1974. The next presidential election will take place in Portugal in January 2016.
[1] : On July 1st 2013 the Finance Minister and main craftsman of the austerity policy, Vitor Gaspar (Independent) resigned from government deploring the obstacles which he faced in terms of implementing his work. The next day Paulo Portas (PP) Foreign Minister also resigned which was rejected by Prime Minister Pedro Passos Coelho. By resigning Paulo Portas was trying to protest against the appointment of the Secretary of State for the Treasury, and Vitor Gaspar's second in command, Maria Luis Albuquerque (PSD), at the Finance Ministry.
Follow the Robert Schuman Foundation and consult all of our publications on
The Robert Schuman Foundation, created in 1991 and acknowledged by State decree in 1992, is the main French research centre on Europe. It develops research on the European Union and its policies and promotes the content of these in France, Europe and abroad. It encourages, enriches and stimulates European debate thanks to its research, publications and the organisation of conferences. The Foundation is presided over by Mr. Jean-Dominique Giuliani. |
Other themes tie together many of this term’s films. Several are related to the campus MLK celebration theme of “Borders.” Film noir is investigated by the classic Maltese Falcon and neo-noirs Blade Runner 2049 and The Nile Hilton Incident. We celebrate New York City landmarks in The Opera House, Ex Libris: The New York Public Library and Wonderstruck. And the whole family will love Wonderstruck as well as Wonder, Coco, The Breadwinner, The Greatest Showman and the animated Oscar-Nominated Shorts.
The race is on! These films left the festival circuit with high expectations of Academy Award nominations.
Fri, January 5: The SquareFri, January 12: Faces PlacesSun, January 14: WonderstruckSat, January 20: Human Flow - Film SpecialFri, January 26: CocoFri, February 2: Roman J. Israel, Esq.Fri, February 9: The BreadwinnerSat, February 10: Oscar-Nominated Short Films - Film SpecialSun, February 11: Star Wars VIII: The Last JediFri, February 16: The Disaster ArtistSat, February 17: Oscar-Nominated Short Films - Film SpecialFri, February 23: The Shape of WaterSat, February 24: DownsizingSun, February 25: The Greatest ShowmanSun, February 25: I, TonyaThu, March 1: Lady BirdSat, March 3: Darkest HourSat, March 3: Call Me By Your Name
Hear Me Roar
We are doing our part to fight the Hollywood gender gap by showcasing the work of women filmmakers and celebrating complex female onscreen characters.
This series highlights films that use the medium to raise awareness, build empathy and tackle social justice issues like poverty, racism, immigration, gender inequality and climate change.
Sat, January 6: The Florida ProjectThu, January 11: MoonlightSat, January 13: MarshallSun, January 14: WonderstruckSat, January 20: Human Flow - Film SpecialFri, January 26: CocoThu, February 1: P.S. Jerusalem - Film SpecialFri, February 9: The BreadwinnerSun, February 11: WonderSat, February 24: DownsizingWed, February 28: Tickling Giants - Film Special
Film School
These classics, rare gems, alumni work and shows with live guests are programmed in direct collaboration with Dartmouth classes, student groups and campus centers.
Sun, January 7: The Maltese FalconFri, January 12: Faces PlacesFri, January 12: Blade Runner 2049Sat, January 20: Human Flow - Film SpecialSun, January 28: The Nile Hilton IncidentThu, February 1: P.S. Jerusalem - Film Special
Big Screen Fun
Exactly what it sounds like. While all movies benefit from an immersive theater experience with a live audience, this series promotes films you must see on the big screen.
Sat, January 6: Loving Vincent - Film SpecialFri, January 12: Blade Runner 2049Wed, February 14: The Princess BrideSun, February 25: The Greatest Showman
MLK Celebration: Borders
Thu, January 11: MoonlightSat, January 13: MarshallSun, January 14: WonderstruckSat, January 20: Human Flow - Film SpecialFri, January 26: CocoThu, February 1: P.S. Jerusalem - Film Special
Film Specials
These select films, often hard to find in theaters, offer a unique theater experience and sometimes involve live guests. These movies are not to be missed!
Sat, January 6: Loving Vincent - Film SpecialSat, January 13: The Opera House - Film SpecialSat, January 20: Human Flow - Film SpecialSat, January 27: An Evening with Director Barry Jenkins - Film SpecialThu, February 1: P.S. Jerusalem - Film SpecialSat, February 3: Ex Libris: The New York Public Library - Film SpecialSat, February 10: Oscar-Nominated Short Films - Film SpecialSat, February 17: Oscar-Nominated Short Films - Film SpecialSun, February 18: No Man’s Land Film Festival - Film SpecialWed, February 28: Tickling Giants - Film SpecialFri, March 2: Risk Field - Film Special (free)
Event Cinema
In addition to the Met Opera series, Hop film also presents an array of one-of-a-kind, high definition (HD) cinema events, including theater broadcasts, art exhibitions and the occasional rock concert.
Sun, January 21: Young Marx - National Theatre Live in HDSat & Sun, January 27 & 28: Tosca - The Met Opera in HDSat & Sun, February 10 & 11: L’Elisir d’Amore - The Met Opera in HDSun, February 18: Canaletto and the Art of Venice - Exhibition on Screen in HDSat & Sun, February 24 & 25: La Bohème - The Met Opera in HDSun, March 4: Cat on a Hot Tin Roof - National Theatre Live in HDSat & Sun, March 10 & 11: Semiramide - The Met Opera in HD
Ticket Info
$8 • Dart ID $5 • Children 12 & under $5
Take 10 Card $60
Single tickets are available in advance: online and at the Hop Box Office. Tickets may also be bought at the ticket window beginning 30 minutes before start. Film Special prices vary.
The Take 10 Card
This new, easy-to-use punch card rewards movie lovers with a 25% discount, as well as increased choice, flexibility and benefits.
Here’s the scoop on the Take 10:
Provides 10 tickets to regular films* for $60. Simply present your Take 10 Card at the ticket window to obtain a ticket.
Eligible for Fall, Winter and Spring programs, current Take 10 Cards expire June 1, 2018. Buy as many cards—and as often—as you want!
Bring a date! Multiple tickets may be obtained to the same film for friends and family.
Tickets can be obtained in advance at the Hop Box Office during regular hours.
Box Office
Hop Film Office
About Hop Film
Hopkins Center Film presents over 120 movies a year, ranging from foreign and independent films to recent Oscar winners and classics. Within this slate, there is a Dartmouth Film Society (DFS) themed series and Film Specials, one-of-a-kind shows often with a live guest. Rounding out the lineup are the Event Cinema shows: HD broadcasts ranging from The Metropolitan Opera to London’s National Theatre to blockbuster art exhibitions. |
MLS: When will its doors reopen for Israeli players?
Most Israeli soccer fans have developed an awareness of the “Major League Soccer,” the American/Canadian soccer league.
DAVID REVIVO.
(photo credit:Adi Avishai)
Most Israeli soccer fans have developed an awareness of the MLS (“Major League
Soccer”), the American/Canadian soccer league which, unlike leagues in other
countries, has a peculiarly distinct core as a “Single Entity.”
This
concept entails unbridled control over its member clubs and ownership of all its
players, who are deemed employees of the MLS that are only assigned to its
affiliated clubs, as well as a most unique “Salary Cap” rule which does not
exist in any other country.
This rule has in essence closed the door for
the many Israeli players who have relished to “Dream the American Dream” with
one glaring exception – Dedi Ben Dayan – who briefly played for the Colorado
Rapids in parts of the 2005-06 seasons and put up very impressive numbers. With
the outbreak of the Second Lebanese War in 2006, he was constrained to return to
Israel.
Regrettably, no Israeli payer has joined the ranks of the MLS
since.
To begin with, Israeli players are highly attracted to the
splendor of America. Many of them spend their summer vacations in the US,
especially in places which harbor a vast number of Israeli émigrés, such as New
York, Los Angeles, Miami and Las Vegas.
Many have close friends and
family in these and other communities, and are usually excited by the mere
mention of playing with the LA Galaxy, New York Red Bulls, DC United and other
cities which they have visited or whose teams they have watched over the years
on Television.
However, enthusiasm turns to dismay once they are
confronted by the restrictive Salary Cap rule which has a chilling effect on
their aspirations to join the MLS, or in the alternative, by the distorted
perception of most MLS executives regarding Israeli soccer and its
players.
The practical effect of the Salary Cap rule is to impose on both
teams and players ceilings on their clubs’ payroll for the season. The primary
exceptions to the individual caps are allotted to “Designated Players,” who can
earn an unlimited sum per season but only use up the maximum cap against the
team’ cap. Each team is allowed up to three DP’s.
Illustrative of this
category are high profile players like Robbie Keane and Landon Donovan of the
Galaxy, Thierry Henry and Tim Cahill of the Red Bulls, Thorsten Frings of
Toronto FC and Freddy Montero of the Seattle Sounders.
The salaries for
these players range from an estimated $5 million gross for Henry to as low as
$750,000 gross for Montero.
When one factors in the Salary Cap rule to
Israeli players, it produces an end result which finds the elite Israeli players
winding up in one of the European leagues, where they can command a salary far
in excess of the maximum salary allowed in the MLS. These players had not as yet
possessed a sufficient global image to command an MLS DP slot, especially since
MLS coaches and technical directors do not scout Israeli soccer
matches.
There is another major factor which has served to close the door
to the MLS to the many who would love to come to places like New York, Los
Angeles and Washington, where they would be readily embraced by the vast Jewish
and Israeli communities as members of the extended family.
The glaring
obstacle to turning this fascination into a reality is the pervasive mindset
among most general managers and technical directors in the MLS who hold the view
that Israeli soccer is rather slow and substandard.
The irony of this sad
saga lies in the fact that nearly half of the MLS clubs are owned by Jewish
millionaires who have given their next in command a carte blanche over roster
selections and are thus not aware of the policy of exclusion wielded by their
subordinates with regard to Israeli players.
As a consequence of this
policy, these hapless owners have been deprived of millions of dollars in
potential revenues which a popular Israeli star could generate.
After I
successfully placed Dedi Ben Dayan with the Rapids, I hoped that he would be
just the trailblazer who would forge the path to many others who aspire to play
in the MLS.
For the various reasons I have cited this has not been the
case. In several instances I set up a trial for players who for some inscrutable
reason were not presented an offer.
Among this group of players are
quality players like Shalev Menashe, Kfir Edri, and David Revivo.
The
task of arranging trials for solid players who may not qualify for one of the
elite European leagues is complicated by the fact that the MLS season, which
runs from March until November, overlaps that of Israel and most European
leagues and restricts the accessibility of MLS preseason training camps to those
players under contract in Israel.
As an example, Ilya Yavruyan and
Gavriel Lima were denied permission by their respective clubs to depart to the
US for a week’s trial in the winter.
The case of David Revivo merits
special attention.
Regarded as one of the best playmakers in the league
for nearly a decade, he was invited to train with the LA Galaxy in 2006 by its
coach Steve Sampson, who had formerly coached the US and the Costa Rica national
teams.
Revivo arrived in LA in the summer and greatly impressed Sampson,
but It was not to be. Just then, Alexi Lalas, the eccentric redheaded guitarist
of the US national team of the 1990’s, was brought in as the Galaxy’s general
manager. Lalas was known to harbor a grudge against Sampson dating back to the
1998 World Cup in France, when Sampson kept him on the bench throughout as the
US team was eliminated in three games.
Predictably, Lalas fired Sampson
after the team went into a tailspin, and as he perceived Revivo as Sampson’s
project, chose to “throw out the baby with the bathwater” by vetoing David’s
move to the Galaxy.
The Revivo episode is as close as any Israeli player
has come to landing in the MLS since Ben Dayan’s return.
When will
another player join the MLS? As I see it, when an Israeli player considerably
raises his profile and builds his resume with consistent excellent play in
Europe.
There are several players now in Europe who appear to fit this
image, and the media routinely brings their success to the attention of MLS
coaches and executives.
Hopefully, the MLS door will again open to
Israeli players soon, and perhaps as early as next season.
Don Barnett is
an IFA Player’s agent who currently resides in Munich. A native of Jerusalem, he
grew up in the US where he practiced law and mediation. He also coached soccer
and basketball in various youth leagues and wrote a sports column for several
Jewish publications. |
Q:
Select values from db1 ordered by db2
I need to select values from two Sqlite databases on Android. Values needs to be sorted by particular order. Values are in table Products in first db, order of them is in table Facing inside second db. When i do something like this,
Select p.PrdImgURL, cp.PrdID
from Products as p
inner join CategoryProduct_MM as cp
on p.PrdID = cp.PrdID
inner join InventoryDB.Facing as f
on p.PrdID = f.PrdID
where cp.CategoryID == 1 and p.PrdImgURL is not null
order by f.`Order`
I've got an error
android.database.sqlite.SQLiteException: near "cp": syntax error (code 1):
Both databases are in the same private /databases/ folder. They made not by me, I just use them.
Here is my method
private void loadProducts() {
dbHandler1 dbh1 = dbHandler1.getInstance(this);
SQLiteDatabase db1 = dbh1.getWritableDatabase();
db1.execSQL("attach database ? as InventoryDB", new String[]{DB_PATH + DB2_NAME});
db1.beginTransaction();
Cursor c = db1.rawQuery("Select p.PrdImgURL, cp.PrdID " +
"from Products as p " +
"inner join CategoryProduct_MM as cp " +
"on p.PrdID = cp.PrdID " +
"inner join InventoryDB.Facing as f" +
"on p.PrdID = f.PrdID " +
"where cp.CategoryID == 1 and p.PrdImgURL is not null "
"order by f.`Order`", null);
int count = c.getCount();
String url[] = new String[count];
int i = 0;
while (c.moveToNext()) {
url[i] = c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("PrdImgURL"));
i++;
}
}
Here is dbHandler
public class dbHandler1 extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
private static final int VERSION = 1;
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "SuperupDB.sqlite";
private static final String TAG = "qwe";
private static File DATABASE_FILE;
// This is an indicator if we need to copy the
// database file.
private boolean mInvalidDatabaseFile = false;
private boolean mIsUpgraded = false;
private Context mContext;
/**
* number of users of the database connection.
*/
private int mOpenConnections = 0;
private static dbHandler1 mInstance;
synchronized static public dbHandler1 getInstance(Context context) {
if (mInstance == null) {
mInstance = new dbHandler1(context.getApplicationContext());
}
return mInstance;
}
private dbHandler1(Context context) {
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, VERSION);
this.mContext = context;
SQLiteDatabase db = null;
try {
db = getReadableDatabase();
if (db != null) {
db.close();
}
DATABASE_FILE = context.getDatabasePath(DATABASE_NAME);
/* if (mInvalidDatabaseFile) {
//copyDatabase();
Log.d(TAG, "Where is db?");
}*/
if (mIsUpgraded) {
doUpgrade();
}
} catch (SQLiteException e) {
} finally {
if (db != null && db.isOpen()) {
db.close();
}
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
//mInvalidDatabaseFile = true;
}
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase database,
int old_version, int new_version) {
//mInvalidDatabaseFile = true;
mIsUpgraded = true;
}
/**
* called if a database upgrade is needed
*/
private void doUpgrade() {
// implement the database upgrade here.
}
@Override
public synchronized void onOpen(SQLiteDatabase db) {
super.onOpen(db);
// increment the number of users of the database connection.
mOpenConnections++;
if (!db.isReadOnly()) {
// Enable foreign key constraints
db.execSQL("PRAGMA foreign_keys=ON;");
}
}
/**
* implementation to avoid closing the database connection while it is in
* use by others.
*/
@Override
public synchronized void close() {
mOpenConnections--;
if (mOpenConnections == 0) {
super.close();
}
}
private void setDatabaseVersion() {
SQLiteDatabase db = null;
try {
db = SQLiteDatabase.openDatabase(DATABASE_FILE.getAbsolutePath(), null,
SQLiteDatabase.OPEN_READWRITE);
db.execSQL("PRAGMA user_version = " + VERSION);
} catch (SQLiteException e) {
} finally {
if (db != null && db.isOpen()) {
db.close();
}
}
}
}
A:
The issue is you don't have space between f and on see below:
"inner join InventoryDB.Facing as f" +
"on p.PrdID = f.PrdID " +
Try to write the query like this:
Cursor c = db1.rawQuery("Select p.PrdImgURL, cp.PrdID " +
"from Products as p " +
"inner join CategoryProduct_MM as cp " +
"on p.PrdID = cp.PrdID " +
"inner join InventoryDB.Facing as f " +
"on p.PrdID = f.PrdID " +
"where cp.CategoryID == 1 and p.PrdImgURL is not null " +
"order by f.`Order`", null);
|
<?php
/*
* @copyright 2016 Mautic Contributors. All rights reserved
* @author Mautic
*
* @link http://mautic.org
*
* @license GNU/GPLv3 http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
*/
namespace Mautic\LeadBundle\Controller;
use Mautic\LeadBundle\Entity\Lead;
/**
* Class LeadAccessTrait.
*/
trait LeadAccessTrait
{
/**
* Determines if the user has access to the lead the note is for.
*
* @param $lead
* @param $action
* @param bool $isPlugin
* @param string $intgegration
*
* @return \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\JsonResponse|\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RedirectResponse|Lead
*/
protected function checkLeadAccess($leadId, $action, $isPlugin = false, $integration = '')
{
if (!$leadId instanceof Lead) {
//make sure the user has view access to this lead
$leadModel = $this->getModel('lead');
$lead = $leadModel->getEntity((int) $leadId);
} else {
$lead = $leadId;
$leadId = $lead->getId();
}
if (null === $lead || !$lead->getId()) {
if (method_exists($this, 'postActionRedirect')) {
//set the return URL
$page = $this->get('session')->get($isPlugin ? 'mautic.'.$integration.'.page' : 'mautic.lead.page', 1);
$returnUrl = $this->generateUrl($isPlugin ? 'mautic_plugin_timeline_index' : 'mautic_contact_index', ['page' => $page]);
return $this->postActionRedirect(
[
'returnUrl' => $returnUrl,
'viewParameters' => ['page' => $page],
'contentTemplate' => $isPlugin ? 'MauticLeadBundle:Lead:pluginIndex' : 'MauticLeadBundle:Lead:index',
'passthroughVars' => [
'activeLink' => $isPlugin ? '#mautic_plugin_timeline_index' : '#mautic_contact_index',
'mauticContent' => 'leadTimeline',
],
'flashes' => [
[
'type' => 'error',
'msg' => 'mautic.lead.lead.error.notfound',
'msgVars' => ['%id%' => $leadId],
],
],
]
);
} else {
return $this->notFound('mautic.contact.error.notfound');
}
} elseif (!$this->get('mautic.security')->hasEntityAccess(
'lead:leads:'.$action.'own',
'lead:leads:'.$action.'other',
$lead->getPermissionUser()
)
) {
return $this->accessDenied();
} else {
return $lead;
}
}
/**
* Returns leads the user has access to.
*
* @param $action
*
* @return array|\Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RedirectResponse
*/
protected function checkAllAccess($action, $limit)
{
/** @var LeadModel $model */
$model = $this->getModel('lead');
//make sure the user has view access to leads
$repo = $model->getRepository();
// order by lastactive, filter
$leads = $repo->getEntities(
[
'filter' => [
'force' => [
[
'column' => 'l.date_identified',
'expr' => 'isNotNull',
],
],
],
'oderBy' => 'r.last_active',
'orderByDir' => 'DESC',
'limit' => $limit,
'hydration_mode' => 'HYDRATE_ARRAY',
]);
if (null === $leads) {
return $this->accessDenied();
}
foreach ($leads as $lead) {
if (!$this->get('mautic.security')->hasEntityAccess(
'lead:leads:'.$action.'own',
'lead:leads:'.$action.'other',
$lead->getOwner()
)
) {
unset($lead);
}
}
return $leads;
}
}
|
Trump's Attorney General Threatens To Revive War On Drugs That Did Not Work
Police used aggressive tactics and arrest rates soared. Small-time drug cases clogged the courts. Vigorous gun prosecutions sent young men away from their communities and to faraway prisons for long terms.
But as crime rates dropped since 2000, enforcement policies changed. Even conservative lawmakers sought to reduce mandatory minimum sentences and to lower prison populations, and law enforcement shifted to new models that emphasized community partnerships over mass arrests.
Attorney General Jeff Sessions often reflects fondly on the tough enforcement strategies of decades ago and sees today’s comparatively low crime rates as a sign they worked. He is preparing to revive some of those practices even as some involved in criminal justice during that period have come to believe those approaches went too far, for too long.
“In many ways with this administration we are rolling back,” said David Baugh, who worked as a federal prosecutor in the 1970s and 1980s before becoming a defense lawyer in Richmond, Virginia. “We are implementing plans that have been proven not to work.”
Sessions, who cut his teeth as a federal prosecutor in Mobile, Alabama, at the height of the drug war, favors strict enforcement of drug laws and mandatory minimum sentences. He says a recent spike in violence in some cities shows the need for more aggressive work. The Justice Department said there won’t be a repeat of past problems.
“The field of criminal justice has advanced leaps and bounds in the past several decades,” spokesman Ian Prior said. “It is not our intention to simply jettison every lesson learned from previous administrations.”
Sessions took another step back from recent practices when the Justice Department announced last week that it might back away from federal agreements that force cities to agree to major policing overhauls. His concern is that such deals might conflict with his crime-fighting agenda.
Consent decrees were a staple of the Obama administration’s efforts to change troubled departments, but Sessions has said those agreements can unfairly malign an entire police force. He has advanced the unproven theory that heavy scrutiny of police in recent years has made officers less aggressive, leading to a rise in crime in Chicago and other cities.
Fear of return to aggressive policing
It’s the latest worry for civil rights activists fretting about a return to the kind of aggressive policing that grew out of the drug war, when officers were encouraged to make large numbers of stops, searches and arrests, including for minor offenses. That technique is increasingly seen as more of a strain on police-community relationships than an effective way to deter crime, said Ronal Serpas, former police chief in New Orleans. He was a young officer in the 1980s when crack cocaine ravaged some communities.
Officers’ orders were simple, Serpas said: “‘Go arrest everybody.’ We had no idea what the answers were,” he said.
“Those of us who were on the front line of that era of policing have learned there are far more effective ways to arrest repeat, violent offenders, versus arresting a lot of people. That’s what we have learned over the last 30 years.”
In a recent memo calling for aggressive prosecution of violent crime, Sessions told the nation’s federal prosecutors that he soon would provide more guidance on how they should prosecute all criminal cases.
Sessions’ approach is embodied in his encouraging cities to send certain gun cases to tougher federal courts, where the penalties are more severe than in state courts, and defendants are often sent out of state to serve their terms.
He credits one such program, Project Exile, with slowing murders in Richmond, Virginia, in the late 1990s. Its pioneer was FBI Director James Comey, who was then the lead federal prosecutor in the area.
In the community, billboards and ads warned anyone caught with an illegal gun faced harsh punishment. Homicides fell more than 30 percent in the first year in Richmond, and other cities adopted similar approaches.
But studies reached mixed conclusions about its long-term success. Defense lawyers such as Baugh said the program disproportionately hurt the black community by putting gun suspects in front of mostly white federal juries, as opposed to state juries drawn from predominantly black Richmond jury pools that might be more sympathetic to black defendants.
“They took a lot of young African-American men and took them off the streets and out of their communities and homes and placed them in federal prison,” said Robert Wagner, a federal public defender in Richmond.
Baugh argued the program was unconstitutional after a client was arrested for gun and marijuana possession during a traffic stop. He lost the argument, but a judge who revealed 90 percent of Project Exile defendants were black also shared concerns about the initiative.
Sessions has acknowledged the need to be sensitive to racial disparities, but has also said, “When you fight crime, you have to fight it where it is … if it’s focused fairly and objectively on dangerous criminals, then you’re doing the right thing.”
During the drug war, sentencing disparities between crack cocaine and powder cocaine crimes were seen as unfairly punishing black defendants. Sessions in 2010 co-sponsored legislation that reduced that disparity. But he later opposed bipartisan criminal justice overhaul efforts, warning that eliminating mandatory minimum sentences weakens the ability of law enforcement to protect the public.
“My vision of a smart way to do this is, let’s take that arrest, lets hammer that criminal who’s distributing drugs that have been imported in our country,” Sessions said in a recent speech to law enforcement officials.
The rhetoric sounds familiar to Mark Osler, who worked as a federal prosecutor in Detroit in the late 1990s, when possessing 5 grams of crack cocaine brought an automatic five-year prison sentence. Osler said he came onto the job expecting to go after international drug trafficking rings but “instead we were locking up 18-year-old kids selling a small amount of crack, and pretending it was an international trafficker.” |
Carbon monoxide detector had gone off but family thought it was false alarm, firefighters say
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Updated: 4:13 PM EST Dec 5, 2018
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WEBVTT KATELYN: ONE WOMAN IS NOW HOME FROM THE HOSPITAL, AND FOUR OTHERS WERE SENT TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND MEDICAL CENTER FOR FURTHER TREATMENT. IT ALL HAPPENED IN THIS HOME WHICH DOES HAVE A CARBON MONOXIDE DETECTOR. IT WENT OFF EARLIER IN THE DAY YESTERDAY, BUT THE FIRE CHIEF SAYS THE FAMILY THOUGHT IT WAS A FALSE ALARM AND TOOK THE BATTERIES OUT. JUST BEFORE 4:00 THIS MORNING, THE CHIEF SAYS A MAN IN THE HOME WOKE UP AND FOUND HIS ADULT DAUGHTER SICK. WHEN FIREFIGHTERS GOT HERE, THEY SAY THAT MAN WAS NOT TALKING PROPERLY, AND THE DAUGHTER AND HER TWO KIDS, AGES 12 AND NINE, WERE UNCONSCIOUS. >> I SAW THE DAUGHTER GO OUT ON A STRETCHER WHEN I WAS OUT HERE. >> THEIR BODY SYSTEMS WERE ALREADY SHUTTING DOWN WHEN WE GOT THERE, SO IT WOULDN’T HAVE BEEN MUCH LONGER ‘TIL IT WOULD HAVE BEEN A WAY DIFFERENT OUTCOME. KATELYN: THE FIRE CHIEF SAYS A BLOCKED CHIMNEY VENT CAUSED THE CARBON MONOXIDE TO BACK UP INTO THE HOUSE. THE GAS METER THAT SHOULD READ ZERO RED 2000 PARTS PER MILLION INSIDE THE HOME. THE CHIEF DOES EXPECT THAT EVERYONE INVOLVED INCLUDING THE FAMILY’S TWO DOGS WHO ALSO GOT OXYGEN MASKS FROM FIREFIGHTERS TO RECOVER FROM THIS. IN YORK,
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5 people sickened by carbon monoxide in home
Carbon monoxide detector had gone off but family thought it was false alarm, firefighters say
Five people, including two children, were hospitalized after being sickened Wednesday morning by carbon monoxide at their home in York.Firefighters said a man in the house woke up around 4 a.m. to find his wife, their daughter, and her two kids, ages 9 and 12, either sick or unconscious.According to firefighters, the home on the 700 block of South Pershing Avenue has a carbon monoxide detector, which went off Tuesday. The family thought it was a false alarm and removed the batteries, firefighters said.The fire chief said a blocked chimney vent caused the buildup of carbon monoxide. The level in the house was more than 2,000 times higher than normal, firefighters said.The fire chief said he expects everyone to recover. One of the victims has been released from a hospital, firefighters said, and the four others were taken to a hospital in Maryland. Two dogs were also treated, firefighters said.
YORK, Pa. —
Five people, including two children, were hospitalized after being sickened Wednesday morning by carbon monoxide at their home in York.
Firefighters said a man in the house woke up around 4 a.m. to find his wife, their daughter, and her two kids, ages 9 and 12, either sick or unconscious.
Advertisement
According to firefighters, the home on the 700 block of South Pershing Avenue has a carbon monoxide detector, which went off Tuesday. The family thought it was a false alarm and removed the batteries, firefighters said.
The fire chief said a blocked chimney vent caused the buildup of carbon monoxide. The level in the house was more than 2,000 times higher than normal, firefighters said.
The fire chief said he expects everyone to recover. One of the victims has been released from a hospital, firefighters said, and the four others were taken to a hospital in Maryland. Two dogs were also treated, firefighters said. |
COLUMBUS, Ohio (AP) — The Ohio House has rejected an attempt to block passage of a contentious bill delaying phase-in of Ohio’s renewable energy targets for two years.
Democratic state Rep. Nickie Antonio, of Lakewood, was voted down 38-54 in her request to re-refer the measure to committee. Antonio said the House needed another chance to debate the bill. She called it bad for the state.
The measure being debated Wednesday is expected to clear the Republican-controlled House. Under a compromise backed by GOP Gov. John Kasich (KAY’-sik), the targets would continue after the pause unless lawmakers act on recommendations of a 12-member commission by 2017.
Backers of the targets say forcing utilities to use more renewable energy helps the environment and creates jobs. Critics say renewables aren’t reliable and drive up electric bills. |
Q:
Wifi not working Ubuntu 14.04 Hp Pavililon 2015
I have dual booted my Hp Pavilion notebook Model 2015-ab277cl with ubuntu 14.04 and I have not been able to get the wifi working at all or find a wifi driver on the Ubuntu. I have tried solutions from How do I get a Realtek RTL8723BE wireless card to work? and Need help setting up WiFi on HP laptop - Ubuntu 14.04 is the OS but they are not working for me. I have been able to successfully use Ethernet though.
Output from lspci -knn | grep Net -A2
08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:3165] (rev 81)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation Device [8086:4010]
09:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller [10ec:8136] (rev 0a)
uname -a
Linux nathan-HP-Pavilion-Notebook 4.4.0-36-generic #55~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Aug 12 11:49:30 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
dmesg | grep iwl
[ 13.654418] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Unsupported splx structure
[ 14.167484] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-19.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.167504] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-18.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.167513] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-17.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.167521] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-16.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.192838] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-15.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.192850] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-14.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.192858] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: Direct firmware load for iwlwifi-7265D-13.ucode failed with error -2
[ 14.192860] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: request for firmware file 'iwlwifi-7265D-13.ucode' failed.
[ 14.192862] iwlwifi 0000:08:00.0: no suitable firmware found!
A:
Most likely you have a kernel that does not support this adapter.
You need to connect to internet by wire and upgrade kernel by these commands.
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-xenial linux-firmware
Reboot after you do that.
You installed a wrong firmware from my ppa.
You don't have a RTL8723BE device. So it made no sense to use solutions for it.
You need to remove it and install the firmware from Ubuntu repositories. Run
sudo apt-get install ppa-purge
sudo ppa-purge ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get install --reinstall linux-firmware
That should install the correct firmware version, and Wi-Fi will work.
|
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