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μ΄λ₯Όν
λ©΄ νκ΅λ μ¬ννμ κ°μ±νλΌλ μ΄μ¨λ°°λ°μ μΈ κ³Όμ μ΄ κ³΅μ‘΄νλ 곡κ°μ΄λ©΄μ, λ
μμ μΈ νκ° λ° μ λ°μ²΄μ λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ μ¬νμ μΈμ ν¬μμ΄ κ°μ₯ μμ΄μ μΈ λ°©μμΌλ‘ μλλλ λ
νΉν 곡κ°μ΄λ€. | For example, schools are a unique space, where socialization and individualization coexist, and social recognition struggles are operated in the most primitive way through independent evaluation and selection systems. |
κ·Έμ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄ κ΅μ‘μ κΈ°κ΄μΌλ‘μ νκ΅ νΉμ κ΅μ¬ μ£Όμ²΄κ° μμμ μΌλ‘λ 무μμμ μΌλ‘λ μ§ νμμκ² κ³΅ν¬, 곡격μ±, νλμ₯μ , μ±κ²© λ³νμ μ¬λν κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³μ μλ°μ μλ€κ³ μ£Όμ₯νλ€. | According to Holkheimer's argument, educational institutions and the teaching staff, whether consciously or unconsciously, are bound to induce fear, aggression, behavioral disorder and personality change in students. |
μμ΄νλ λν체μ μ κ·Έμ μμ°μ€λ½κ² λμν΄ μλ λ
Έλμμ₯μ κ΅¬μ‘°λ‘ μΈ ν΄ λΆλͺ¨λ‘μ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘ μ΄μΈμ μλ
μ λ―Έλλ₯Ό 보μ₯ν΄μ€ μ μλ βμ νμ§βλ μ’μ μλ°μ μλ€. | Due to the hierarchical university system and the labor market structure that naturally corresponds to it, parents have a narrow number of "choices" that can guarantee their children's future other than school education. |
λΏλ§ μλλΌ λνμ μ¬μ μ μλ°μΌλ‘ μΈν΄ κΈ°μ
κ³Ό μ λΆμ μλΉμ€λ₯Ό νλ§€ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨, κ΅μλ€μ μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό νλ§€νλ©΄μ λνμ μμ₯μμ μ κ·Ήμ νμμκ° λλ λ°©ν₯μΌλ‘ μ²μ νκ² λ κ²μ΄λ€. | Moreover, universities act actively in the marketplace by selling services to companies and governments under financial pressure, professors sell their research results. |
μ΄λ λ― νκ΅μ κ΅μ‘νμ νμ€μ λν λΉνμ νλλ₯Ό κ²°μ¬νκ³ μμΌλ©°, μ°κ΅¬μ μμ λ μκΈ°μμμ μ€λ©°λ μ΄λ°μ¬λ‘κΈ°μ μΉ¨μ μ λν΄μλ 침묡νκ³ κ΅μ‘ λ³νμ λν μμ§λ κ²°μ¬λμ΄ μλ€. | Korean pedagogy lacks critical attitude toward reality, and researchers themselves are silent about intense the ideologies they have and lack the will to change education. |
νμ§λ§ κ³ μ μ λΉνμ΄λ‘ μ΄ μνν ν λμμ μ λ§κ³Ό λ€μ μνλ‘ μ κ°κΉκ² 보μ΄λ βμ§λ£¨ν λΆμ μ λΆμ β νλλ κ΅μ‘λ³λ¦¬μ λν ν΄κ²°μ±
μ μ μνλ λ° λ§μ‘±μ€λ¬μ 보μ΄μ§ μλλ€. | However, the alternative outlook neglected by classical criticism theory and the "boring denial of denial" attitude, which seems to be close to cyclical theory, do not seem to be contempt with presenting a solution to educational pathology. |
μ΄μ κ°μ΄ νΈλ€νΈμ μΈμ ν¬μ κ°λ
μ μ°λ¦¬μ νκ΅ κ³΅λμ²΄κ° μ΄λ ν μ μμ μ¬νμ κ·λ²μ ν λλ₯Ό μμ€νκ³ μλμ§λ₯Ό λΆμνλ λ° μ μ©ν λΉνμ μ€κ±°κ° λ μ μλ€. | Thus, Hornet's concept of struggle for recognition can be a useful critical compliance to analyze in what ways our school community has lost its foundations of social norms. |
ꡬ체μ μΌλ‘ μ§μ νμλ©΄, μ¬κ΅μ‘λΉ μ¦κ° λ° κ·Έκ²μ κ³μΈ΅ κ° κ²©μ°¨λ κ΅μ‘ λΆνλ±μ κ³ μ°©ννλ κ΅μ‘ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό μ΄λν λΏλ§ μλλΌ, μΆμ°μ¨ μ νμ νμ ν λ
Ένλμ±
μ λ³λ μ¬νλ¬Έμ μ΄κΈ°λ νλ€. | Specifically, the increase in private education costs and the disparity between classes not only lead to permanent educational inequality issues, but also social problems leading to lower fertility rates and poor old age care services. |
μ¦ κ΅μ‘ νμ₯μ΄ μ μΉμ μ΄λ
λ립μ μ₯μΌλ‘ μ리맀κΉνκ³ μλ νμ€μ΄ κ·Έκ²μΈλ°, μ°λ¦¬ μ¬νμ κ° μ νλ₯Ό λλ³νλ κ΅μμ‘°μ§μ΄ νκ΅μμ λ리μ μ μΉλ₯΄κ³ μλ€κ³ ν΄λ κ³ΌμΈμ΄ μλλ€. | In other words, the educational field has become a place of political ideological conflict, but it is no exaggeration to say that teachers' organizations representing political factions in our society are engaged in a proxy war at schools. |
μ΄λ¬ν μ μΉμ λ립 ꡬλλ‘ μΈν΄ κ°μ’
κ΅μ‘ λΉλ¦¬μ κ°μ μ ν΅μ μΈ μΈμ΅λ€μ΄ νκ°λ₯Ό μΉλ μν©μ΄ μ‘°μ±λκ³ μμ΄μ κ΅μ‘μ λ³Έμ§μ μκ±°ν νκ΅ μ΄μμ΄ λΆκ°λ₯ν μ λμ΄λ€. | This political confrontation creates a situation where traditions such as educational corruption are rampant, making it impossible to operate schools based on the nature of education. |
μ¬νλ¬Ένμ , μμ¬μ κ·Όμμ μ§λ κ΅μ‘ λ¬Έμ λΌλ©΄ μ₯κΈ°μ μΈ μΆμΈλΆμμ μ
κ°ν μ μ±
μ μ κ·Όμ΄ νμνμ§λ§, μ¬μλ³ one-point μ μ μ±
κ°λ°μ΄λ λ¨κΈ°μ μΈ μ²λ°©μμ£Όμ μ μ±
μ΄ μ£Όλ‘ μνλμλ€κ³ ν μ μλ€. | For educational issues with sociocultural and historical roots, a policy approach based on long-term trend analysis is necessary. However, one-point policy development and short-term prescription-oriented policies were mainly implemented. |
ν΄λ°© μ΄ν λ―Έκ΅μ κ΅μ‘λͺ¨λΈμ μ΄μμΌλ‘ μΈν΄ μμ°μ€λ½κ² λ―Έκ΅ λνμμ νλ ¨λ°μ κ΅μ‘νμλ€μ΄ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘νμ μ£Όλ₯λ₯Ό νμ±νλ©΄μ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘νμ΄ λ―Έκ΅ κ΅μ‘νμ λ³ν, λ°μ κ³Όμ μ μ’
μλκΈ°μ μ΄λ₯΄λ λ€. | After the Liberation, American-style educational models were used in Korean pedagogy, so Korean pedagogy naturally became subordinate to the change and development process of American pedagogy. |
μ¬κΈ°μ μ€λ¦° μ£Όμν μκ°μ 1968λ
γκ΅μ‘κ³Ό κ΅μ‘νγμΌλ‘ μ§λμ±λμλλ°, μ΄νμ°μ νκ°λλ‘ μ λ²λͺ¨μ βκ΅μ‘μ 곡νμ κ°λ
βμ λ―Έκ΅ κ΅μ‘ν보λ€λ ν¨μ¬ λ κ΅μ‘νμ μ€μ¦μ κ³ΌνμΌλ‘ μ 립νκ³ μ ν κ²μ΄λ€. | The main ideas were compiled in "Education and Education" (1968), but as Lee Hong-woo (1991) evaluated, Jeong Beom-mo's "Engineering Concept of Education" tried to establish pedagogy as a far more empirical science than American pedagogy. |
λ¨Όμ 곡λ체 λ΄ κ΅¬μ±μλ€μ μ μμ μꡬμ ν΄λΉνλ μ¬λ, λ²μ κΆλ¦¬μ λλ±ν μΈμ , λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ κ°μΈμ΄ μμ μ§λ¨μ λν΄ κ°μ§λ λ
νΉν μμ±μΈ μ¬νμ μ°λκ° κ·Έκ²μ΄λ€. | Firstly, these are love (Liebe), which corresponds to the emotional needs of the members of the community, the equivalent recognition of legal rights (Recht), and finally - social bond (Solidarit Γ€ t) - a unique quality of each individual in a group. |
μ¬κΈ°μ μΈμ ν¬μ κ°λ
μ ν΅ν΄ νκ΅λ₯Ό λΉννλ μ κ·Ό λ°©μμ΄ κ°μ§λ μ΅λ κ°μ μ, νμλ€μ μ€μ μ΄μκ°λ μΆμ 곡κ°μΌλ‘μ νκ΅μ λ΄μ μΈ κ³Όμ μ μ νν μ΄ν΄νκ²λ νλ€λ λ° μλ€. | The biggest strength of the approach to criticizing schools through the concept of struggle for recognition is to accurately understand the internal process of the school as a real living space for students. |
μꡬμ¬νμ κΈ°λ°μ λ μ¬νμ΄λμ κ΄ν λ€μν μ΄λ‘ λ€μ΄ 1980λ
λκΉμ§λ§ ν΄λ νκ΅ μ¬νμ μ μ©μ΄ λΆκ°λ₯νλ€λ μ¬μ€μ, μ΄λ¬ν μ΄λ‘ μ νκ΅μ μκ°ν λΉμ βμ§λ³΄μ μΈβ κ΅μ‘νμλ€μ λ€μ λΉνΉμ€λ½κ² νλ€. | The fact that various theories on social mobility based on Western society were not applicable to Korean society until the 1980s somewhat perplexed the "progressive" educators who introduced these theories to Korea. |
1990λ
λ ν¬λ―Ένκ²λλ§ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘κ³Ό μ¬νμ λΆνλ±μ κ΄κ³μμ λ³νκ° κ°μ§λκΈ° μμνκ³ , 2000λ
λ μ΄ν μ°λ¦¬ μ¬νμμ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘μ΄ κ³μΈ΅μ¬μμ°μ κΈ°μ¬νκ³ μλ€λ μ μ§ μμ μ°κ΅¬ κ²°κ³Όλ€μ΄ λ±μ₯νλ€. | In the 1990s, changes began to be observed due to the relationship between school education and social inequality. Since the 2000s, there have been many studies showing that school education has contributed to social reproduction in our society. |
λΆλͺ¨μ μ¬νκ²½μ μ μ§μλΌλ λ¨μν λ°°κ²½ μμΈλ³΄λ€ λΆλͺ¨-μμ μ¬μ΄μ μ¬λ¦¬μ κ΄κ³μ μ£Όλͺ©ν΄μ νν βμμ€μ½ μ μ¬νμ¬λ¦¬λͺ¨νβμ΄λΌκ³ λΆλ¦¬λ μ΄ μ΄λ‘ μ λ€λΆν λ―Έκ΅ μ€μ°μΈ΅ κ°μ μ λͺ¨λΈλ‘ νκ³ μλ€. | Often referred to as the βWisconsin social psychological model,β which focuses more on the psychological relationship between parents and children than on the simple background of their parents' socioeconomic status, the theory is largely modeled after the middle class families in the United States. |
μ΄μ λ¬λ¦¬ μλ³Έμ£Όμ μ¬νμμμ νκ΅κ΅μ‘μ λ³λ¦¬νμ λν λΉνμ μ κ·Όμ μ¬νꡬ쑰μ λμΈ, κ·Έκ²μ΄ λ°°νν μ΄λ°μ¬λ‘κΈ°μ μ°¨μ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ μ΄ν΄κ΄κ³λ₯Ό λλ¬μΌ νΉμ ν μ¬νμ§λ¨μ μλ§ κ΅¬μ‘° λͺ¨λλ₯Ό ν¬κ΄ν΄μΌλ§ νλ€. | On the other hand, the critical approach to the pathology of Korean education in a capitalist society must cover all the social structural motivations, the ideological dimensions of which it was conceived, and the desire structure of a particular social group, over interests. |
νκ΅ κ΅μ‘λ³μ μ§νλ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ μ¬νμ νμνλ‘μ κ΅μ‘μ΄μ΄ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘λΏλ§ μλλΌ κ΅μ‘ μ체λ₯Ό λκ΅¬λ‘ κ°μ£Όνλ μ곑λ κ΅μ‘ νλμ μ±κ²©μ λ κ³ μλ€λ μ μμ μ¬ν κ·λ²μ λ¬Έμ λ μ§λκ³ μλ€. | The Korean βeducation feverβ is a current social phenomenon showing signs of being a social disease. There is also a social norm problem in that the passion for education is a distorted educational behavior, which affects not only schools, but the whole education system. |
μ΄λ¬ν λ³λͺ¨ κ³Όμ μ λ―Έκ΅ λνλ€μ΄ λ³ννλ μΈκ³μ§μμ λ₯λμ μΌλ‘ μ μν κ²°κ³Όκ° μλλΌ, μ€νλ € βμΈκ³μ²΄μ μ ꡬ쑰μ μκΈ°μ λ³ννλ κ²βμ΄λ©΄μ λμμ λ―Έλ μ§λ‘μ λν μ¬κ°ν λΆμμ λ°μνλ€. | This transformation process is not the result of American universities' active adaptation to the changing world order, but rather "parallel to the structural crisis of the world system" (same place, 65) and also reflects serious anxiety about the future course. |
βμΈκ³ λν μ λμ κΈ°λ³Έμ μΈ λ¬Έμ λ κ·Έ κ·λͺ¨μ λΉμ©μ΄ κΈ°νκΈμμ μΌλ‘ μ¦κ°νλ λ° λ°ν΄μ, λνμ μ¬νκ²½μ μ ν λλ μ₯κΈ°μ μΌλ‘ 침체νκ³ μλ μΈκ³κ²½ μ λ‘ μΈν΄ λμ± μ½νλκ³ μμλ€λ λ°μ μλ€. | The fundamental problem with the global university system is that its socioeconomic foundation was further weakened by the long-term stagnation of the global economy, while its scale and cost increased exponentially. |
νμ¬ μ€μ¦μ λλ¬ν κ΅μ‘λ³μ λ§μ£Όν μν©μμ κ΅μ‘νμ μ€μ¦μ£Ό μμ νΈν₯μ λν΄ λΉνν λ, 1960λ
λ νλ°μ²λΌ λ¨μ§ βν΄μνμ β κ΄μ μ μ
κ°νμ¬ λμμ μ μνλ κ²μ λμμ΄ λμ§ μλλ€. | When criticizing the positivist bias in pedagogy in the face of the current serious educational disease, it is not helpful to offer alternatives based on the "hermeneutics" perspective as it was in the late 1960s. |
κ·ΈλμμΈμ§ νμ΅μ₯μ , νκ΅λΆμ μ, νκ΅ κ΅μ‘μ μκΈ°λ₯κ³Ό κ°μ λΆμ μ μΈ μΈ‘λ©΄μ κ΅μ‘νμ λ€μ μ£Όλ³μ μΈ νꡬ λΆμΌμ λ¨Έλ¬Όλ¬ μλ κ° μλλ©΄ μΉμ λ° μ§λ¨ λΆμΌλ‘ μν λΆλ΄ λκ³ μλ€. | Perhaps because of this, negative aspects such as learning disability, maladaptation to school, and adverse functions of schooling remain in the somewhat peripheral domain of exploration of pedagogy, or are divided into healing and diagnostic domains. |
μ΄λ¬ν μ΄μ μμ κ΅μ‘ νμ€μ λΆμμ©μ΄λ λ³λ¦¬μ μΈ‘λ©΄μ λ
Όλ¦¬μ μΌλ‘ μ°μ νλ κ΅μ‘μ κ°μΉ λ° λͺ©μ μ μκ±°νμ¬ - λΉνΈκ²μνμΈμ μ² νμ μ¬νμ² νμ μΌλ‘ ν΄μνλ μμΉμ μ©μ΄λ‘ - βλ³ μ©νβμ λΆκ³Όν λΏμ΄λ€. | For this reason, the side effects and pathological aspects of educational reality are merely "modification" in the term (Winch, 1958) interpreting Wittgenstein's philosophy in a socio-philosophical way based on the value and purpose of logically prioritized education. |
μ κ΅ μ ν΅μ λ¬Έκ³Ό μ
μ μλͺ
μ κΉμ μκ΄κ΄κ³κ° μ‘΄μνκ³ μλ μ¬νμμ μ°λ¦¬λ ν΄λ°© μ΄ν κΈμν κ³μΈ΅ μ΄λκ³Όμ μ κ²½ννλ©΄μ νκ΅ κ΅μ‘μ΄ μ§μ μμΉ λ° μ μ§μ μ€μν λ§€κ°μμ μ§λ¨μ μΌλ‘ μΈμνκ² λμλ€. | In a society where there is a deep correlation between literature and achieving fame and prestige in the Confucian tradition, we have experienced a rapid process of class movement since the liberation and collectively recognized that schooling is an important medium for rising and maintaining status. |
μλ¬μ€ν΄μ λ°λ₯΄λ©΄, μ΄λ¬ν μκΈ° μν©μμ λ€μν μ¬νκ³Όνμ΄ λΆννκ² λ κ²μ΄λ©°, κ° λνμ 컀μ§λ κ·λͺ¨μ ν¨κ» μ¬μ μλ° μμμ μ λΆ λ° λ―Όκ° λΆλ¬ΈμΌλ‘λΆν°μ μ¬μ μ§μμ λμ± μμ‘΄νκ² λμλ€λ κ²μ΄λ€. | Wallerstein says various social sciences have been segmented in this crisis, and universities have become more dependent on government and private-sector financial support under the growing financial pressure. |
μλ¬μ€ν΄μ λΆμμ΄ λ€μ κ±°μμ μΈ βμΈκ³μ²΄μ μ λ³λ κ³Όμ βμμ λνμ λ³λͺ¨μ μ΄μ μ λ§μΆκ³ μκΈ΄ νμ§λ§, λ―Έκ΅ λνμ νμ κ°νΈκ³Ό μ°κ΅¬ κ²½ ν₯μ΄ μμ₯μ μν₯λ ₯ νμ μλ€λ μ€μν μμ¬μ μ μ 곡νλ€. | Although Wallerstein's analysis focuses on the transformation of universities in a somewhat macro process of changing the world system, it provides an important suggestion that the US university academic system reform and research trends are under market influence. |
κ·Έ μμΈμ λ²μ£Όννλ€λ©΄, μ λ°κΈ°κ΄μΌλ‘μ νκ΅μ μ‘΄μ¬, μ¨κ²¨μ§ κ΅μ‘κ³Όμ , νκ΅μ μ¬ννλ‘ μΈν κ°μ±νμ μ곑, μ¦ μμΈνμ, μΈκ²©μ μΈκ°κ΄κ³μ λ¬Έμ , κ·Έ λ°μ κ΅μ¬μ νκ΅ μΈ μμΈ λ±μ΄ μλ€λ κ²μ΄λ€. | The reasons for this are not only teachers and schools, but also factors such as the existence of schools as selected institutions, hidden curriculums (potential curriculums), distortion of individualization due to school socialization, alienation phenomenon, personal relationships, and others. |
μ΄λ₯Όν
λ©΄ νμμ μλ¬Όνμ λ°λ¬κ³Όμ μμ μμ΄μ μΈ μ μμ μꡬλ‘μ λΆλͺ¨μμ μ¬λμ μ
κ°ν μΈμ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό νμ±νμ§λ§, μ μ°¨ νκ΅μνμ μμνλ©΄μ λλ μΉκ΅¬μ λ° κ΅μ¬μμ κ΄κ³μμ μ 2μ°¨μ μ μ κ΄κ³λ₯Ό λ§Ίκ² λλ€. | For example, students develop a love-based human relationship with their parents (especially their mothers) as a fundamental emotional need during their biological development, but gradually they start school and develop a secondary emotional relationship with their peers and teachers. |
18μΈκΈ° νλ° λ£¨μκ°γνμλ‘ γμμ νλ λ¬Έλͺ
λΉνμ λ°©μμ΄ νκ΅κ΅μ‘μ λ³λ¦¬μ λν μ κ·Όλ°© μμ κ³ μ μ μλμΌ μλ μμ§λ§, μ΄λ λ€μ λ¬Ένμ μ΄λ©° μ ν νΌμμ μ΄μμ ν λλ‘ νμλμ λΆμ‘°λ¦¬λ₯Ό λΉννλ λ° κ·ΈμΉ μλ μλ€. | Although Rousseau's civilizational criticism in βDiscours sur les sciences et les artsβ in the late 18th century may be a classic attempt at approaching the pathology of Korean education, but it could stop at criticizing modern absurdity based on some literary and utopian ideals. |
λ§νμλ©΄ μ ν΅ μ΄λ‘ μ νμ€ λ° μ€μ¬μ λν λμ΄λ°λ³΅μ μ κ·Όμ λ¨Έλ¬Όκ³ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ λ°κ²¬λ λ²μΉμ λν΄ μ΄μμ¬μ μΈ μ°©κ°μ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ μ΄λ‘ μ νκ΅¬κ° μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§λ μ¬νμ 쑰건μ λν΄μλ μ£Όμλ₯Ό κΈ°μΈμ΄μ§ μλλ€. | Since traditional theory remains a tautological approach to reality and existence, we pay no attention to the social conditions under which theoretical exploration is carried out by making a superhistorical illusion of the laws found. |
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