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๋˜ํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ€ ๊ต๊ณผ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šด์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก โ€˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ ๊ต์œก ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Also we presented textual curricular elements so that the subject "Pleasant life" can be managed together with other themed-centered subjects.
์ฆ‰ โ€˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ์˜ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ, ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ต์œก์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
In other words, it will reflect the idea of an integrated theme-based learning curriculum, not "Pleasant life" as an independent subject.
์ด ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด โ€˜๊ฐ€์กฑโ€™ ์ฃผ์ œ์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ โ€˜์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜•์ œโ€™์˜ โ€˜๋…ธ๋žซ๋ง ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐโ€™์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Such curricular competenciesโ€™ characteristics are closely related to the song โ€œMy Siblingsโ€ and the activity of changing the songโ€™s lyrics, which was included under the theme of โ€œFamily.โ€.
ํ•œํŽธ, โ€˜๋†€์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†€์ดํ•˜๊ธฐโ€™ ๋˜๋Š” โ€˜์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋žซ๋ง ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†€์ดํ•˜๊ธฐโ€™๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
On the other hand, activities such as "changing the rules of the game" or "changing lyrics of a song according to the situation" can help improve creative thinking capabilities.
ํ†ตํ•ฉ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ๊ตญ์•… ์ œ์žฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ ์†์—์„œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Korean traditional music materials included in integrated textbooks are being utilized to create the performance standard, function and curricular competencies in relation to theme-based learning.
๋‘˜์งธ, โ€˜๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ƒํ™œ, ์Šฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋ณ„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ „๊ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋‚ด์šฉ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
Second, content factors were presented in order to conduct the season description activities, associated with the subjects "Disciplined Life" and "Intelligent life".
์ฆ‰ ์ƒํ™œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๊ณ„์ ˆ, ๋ช…์ ˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฌธํ™”๊ต์œก์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…๋œ๋‹ค.
In other words, topics such as seasons and holidays can be used in cultural education.
์ด ๊ตญ์•… ์ œ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ๋А๋‚Œ์„ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋™๋ฌผ ํ‰๋‚ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
These Korean traditional music materials were utilized to create performance standard related to creative expression of winter sentiments and symbols and animal mimicry.
๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์ด ์œ„์˜ ์•…๊ณก์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€ ์•…๊ณก์˜ ๋…ธ๋žซ๋ง์ด โ€˜๋ด„โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ ํ•™์Šต์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
The reason why textbook developers chose the music above is that they think its lyrics fit the "spring" theme.
์ง€๋„์„œ์˜ โ€˜๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์•ˆ๋‚ดโ€™ ๊ธ€์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ด„๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์•…๊ณก์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If you look at the textbook guide, you could grasp the developers' intention to use spring-related music.
์ด ์ฐจ์‹œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ด„์ด ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ž์—ฐํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด„์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋‹ด์•„ ์ „๋ž˜ ๋™์š”๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
In this lesson, students sing a traditional childrenโ€™s song about how they anticipate spring and how the natural environment is changing.
๋”์šฑ์ด ๋ด„์— ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๊ตญ์•… ์ œ์žฌ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The connection between Korean traditional music materials and learning about various animals and plants, which can be seen during the spring, is limited.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, โ€˜๊ฐ€์กฑโ€™ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ โ€˜์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโ€™ ๋‹จ์›์—์„œ๋Š” โ€˜์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰โ€™์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด ๋†“์•˜๋‹ค.
For example, creative thinking competence was set as the main competence for the lesson "We are family" included under the "Family" topic.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ „๋ž˜๋™์š”์˜ ์Œ์•… ์–ด๋ฒ•์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ œ ํ•™์Šต ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์•…๊ณก์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
First, it is necessary to develop appropriate new songs using the grammar of Korean traditional music, which will fit the "Pleasant life" subject and theme-based learning.
์•ž์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตญ์•… ์ œ์žฌ์™€ โ€˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ์˜ ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As analyzed before, there was an issue of low relevance between the curricular competencies of the subject "Pleasant life" and Korean traditional music materials.
์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์•… ์ œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To improve this problem, it is essential to figure out solutions to teach the curricular competencies actively through Korean traditional music materials.
โ€˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ๋Š” โ€˜์‹ฌ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ์„ฑ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰โ€™, โ€˜์ฐฝ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰โ€™, โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰โ€™์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
The department of the subject "Pleasant life" set three main subject capabilities - aesthetic capability, creative thinking capability and communication capability.
ํ‘œ์— ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ™์€ โ€˜๊ธฐ๋Šฅโ€™์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ํ™œ๋™์ด๋ผ๋„ ๊ต๊ณผ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As shown in the chart, even activities corresponding to the same โ€œfunctionโ€ may have different relevance to the subject competency.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์•…์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
To fix this problem, this research suggests rethinking the utilization of Korean traditional music as a solution.
์ฒซ์งธ, ์ฃผ์ œ ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 1~2ํ•™๋…„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ณก์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ์ˆ˜๋กํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
First, it is necessary to develop and list appropriate music for first and second grade elementary school students in relation to the theme-based learning.
๋„ท์งธ, โ€˜์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ƒํ™œโ€™๊ณผ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ โ€˜๋ฌธํ™”์  ์†Œ์–‘ ๊ต์œกโ€™์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ „๋ž˜๋™์š” ๋†€์ด๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Fourth, playing activities through traditional childrenโ€™s songs should be used to teach โ€œcultural knowledgeโ€ as included in the "Pleasant life" subjectโ€™s characteristic and goals.
๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํ›„์† ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In order to apply the suggestions of this research in school, it is vital to proceed with subsequent research.
์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ํ†ต์†์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€ โ€˜๋‚จ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๊ต์œกโ€™๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Publicly common behaviors that harm oneโ€™s inner self are not different from "education of imitating others".
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฒ ํ•™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ฐจ์›์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ธ์‹๋ก ์ด์ž ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.
In that regard, critical theory as a social philosophy is both useful study epistemology and a method to analyze the pathological dimension of Korean education.
์ด ๊ธ€์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋ชจ์ƒ‰์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ์‹์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ์ง„๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
This paper will present a philosophical analysis of the Korean education pathology and its alternatives, based on this study cognition.
๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ์ถ•์†Œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ€์†๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
If the downgrading tendency of the governmentโ€™s role in education continues, this situation will be accelerated.
ํŠนํžˆ ์•„๋™ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋‹ค.
Especially to a child or a teenager, the school community has a particular function and role, distinguished from other social spaces.
ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์ œ์‹œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒยท๋„๋•์  ํ† ๋Œ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ฒฝ์œ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Criticism about the pathology of Korean education and its suggested alternatives as well need to indirectly analyze the social and moral foundation.
๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ๋ฐ ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Above all, analysis of pedagogy and educational philosophy should focus on the content of what students experience directly in the course of education.
๊ต์œก์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์˜ ๋‚ด๋ฉดํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ํƒœ์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
It seems that the inherent characteristics of education are defined as activities of value internalization and contributing to social integration through it.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ต์œก์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘ก๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ โ€˜๊ต์œก ๋ˆ„์•„๋ฅดโ€™๋กœ์„œ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The negative perspective towards education is a sort of "education noir" (Josangsik, 2009) and is considered taboo.
์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ต์œกํ•™์˜ ํƒœ์ƒ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” โ€˜์ •์ƒํƒœ ์ง€ํ–ฅโ€™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋‹ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์€ ๋ณ‘์  ์ง•ํ›„๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋…ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Korean education has revealed pathological signs despite the analytic discourse of "the aim for a steady state", attributed to the natural characteristics of pedagogy.
์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ต์œก ์ž์ฒด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ทœ์ค€์— ๋ผ์›Œ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” โ€˜์ •์ƒํ™” ํšจ๊ณผโ€™๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค.
As stated above, education itself results in a "normalization effect" that fits human behavior into social standards.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์ ์ธ ๊ต์œก ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ โ€˜ํ’ํ† ๋ณ‘โ€™์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ โ€˜ํŠน์ˆ˜โ€™ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ์ง€์ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The "special" pathology of Korean education as an "endemic disease" can be pointed out, unlike common pathology approach.
๊ทธ ์›์ธ์€ ์ž…์‹œ ์œ„์ฃผ ๊ต์œก ๊ด€ํ–‰์—์„œ ์„ ํ–‰ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•™์Šต์ด ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •๊ทœ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์šด์˜์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The reason stems from the destruction of the regular curriculum by prevailing prior learning and iterative learning, centered around entrance exam educational practices.
ํŠนํžˆ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“์ธต๊ณผ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ 8๋ฐฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Especially, the gap between high-income groups (over $6000) and low-income groups (less than $1000) is almost 8 times.
๋น„์œ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ๊ฒฝ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ต์œก์  ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ผ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค.
The appropriate analogy is that individualโ€™s life path in our society is a structure where we should pass not several ladders but only one ladder of educational achievement.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ตฌ๋„๋Š” ๊ต์œก ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ธ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์š•๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Because the structure of Korean education is too complicated to the point where it includes social psychological mechanism of directly involved parental greed.
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ, ๋…ธ๋™, ์ •์น˜, ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ด€์Šต ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜์—ญ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
So problem solving for the Korean education system is possible only when all areas such as economy, labor, politics, society, culture and customs are considered.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œกํ•™์— ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ, 1966๋…„ ์ •๋ฒ”๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ใ€Œํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œกํ•™์˜ ์ •์˜ใ€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
This situation was reflected Korean pedagogy through Jeong Beom-moโ€™s "The Definition of Pedagogy for Academic Characteristics", published in 1966.
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์œ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์ž…๊ตญ์ด ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ •๋ฒ”๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ทœ์ •์ด ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋‘” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค.
If we consider the fact that it was a time of pro-modernization atmosphere in the upper class and Emperor Gojong's 1895 edict on education was applauded, it is definite that the scientific regulation by Jeong Beom-mo won.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋Š” ๋„๋•์  ํ˜•์‹์ด ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ํ›ผ์†๋œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In this sense, the school community, viewed from the pathology perspective of Korean education, can be considered as a place where the moral is extremely damaged.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ต์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ—ˆ์•ฝํ•œ ์ธ์ • ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Solidarity is the weakest method to achieve stability in a community where extreme competition is emphasized like it is in Korean schools.
๊ทธ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋งˆ์Šค์˜ ์ถ”์ƒํ™”๋œ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค.
In Jeong Beom-moโ€™s theory, people who have specific desire help understand the new generation, unlike the abstract people described by Habermas.
ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ทน๋ณต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„ ๋ฒ•์  ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ตญ๋ฉด์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The Korean education is facing a serious crisis where its problems cannot be solved by the dichotomy of diagnosis and resolution anymore.
๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค, ๊ต์‚ฌ, ํ•™์ƒ, ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„ ๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Teachers, students, parents are other relevant parties are part of a serious pathological problem, where they not only suffer economically, but also mentally.
์ด์— ํ—ค๋ฅด๋ฐ”๋ฅดํŠธ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ•™์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค โ€˜์„ธ๋ จ๋œโ€™ ๊ต์œก์  ์ง€์นจ์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ์œก๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.
Herbartโ€™s pedagogical approach emphasizes discipline and management as a "sophisticated" educational guideline rather than negatively criticizing the educational system.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋ก  ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ „์ธ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์— ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ค์€ ์ž…์‹œ์—์„œ ์ž๋…€์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์—๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
As a result, school parents show a self-contradictory attitude of relying only on their children's success in entrance exams, ostensibly sympathizing with the legitimacy of holistic education in school.
ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚œ๋งฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It causes the failure to comprehensively diagnose the disorder of Korean education and to suggest policy alternatives for resolution.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ง„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜์–ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค.
Of course, it is well known that the structure of knowledge and the university system have transformed according to the change of truth and value standards in human history.
์•ž์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ณ€์  ํ์‡„์„ฑ์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐํƒœ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
As mentioned earlier, the speculative closure of the educational philosophical approach conceals the phenomenon of having originated in the process and outcome of education.
์ด๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜์ „์— ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํฌํ•˜์ด๋จธ๊ฐ€ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜์ „ํ†ต ์ด๋ก โ€™์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ณ ์Šค๋ž€ํžˆ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
It has the characteristics of โ€œtraditionelle theory,โ€ which Max Horkheimer pointed out in contrast to the critical theory.
์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์ •ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ๋„๋•์  ํ˜•์‹์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ฐพ์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
Furthermore, we can find educational philosophical alternatives to the pathological phenomenon of Korean education by paying attention to the moral form of the โ€œstruggle for recognition.โ€.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ต์œก ๋ชฉ์ ๋ก ์€ ์•„๋™์˜ ๋„๋•์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฒจ๋ƒฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—… ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ด๋‹ค.
The aim of education is to strengthen the morality of children, and the methodology of education is to guide teachers through systematic class design.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ๋งŒ์ด ใ€Ž๊ณ ๋…ํ•œ ๊ตฐ์ค‘ใ€์—์„œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์˜ ํ–‰๋™ ์œ ํ˜•๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” โ€œํƒ€์ธ์ง€ ํ–ฅ์„ฑโ€์ด ์ด์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค.
Itโ€™s identical to the โ€œOther-direction,โ€ which the American sociologist D. Riesman once presented in "The Lonely Crowd" as one of the modern types of behavior.
๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์ œ3์„ธ๋Œ€ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€์ธ ํ˜ธ ๋„คํŠธ์˜ โ€˜์ธ์ •ํˆฌ์Ÿโ€™ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋‹ค.
This representative conceptual tool is โ€œKampf um Anerkennung, struggle for recognition theoryโ€ by the third-generation critical theorist A. Honneth.
๋‘˜์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค์ด ์ž๋…€๊ต์œก์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํˆฌ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”, ํ•™๊ต๊ต์œก ์ด์™ธ์˜ โ€˜๋Œ€์•ˆ์  ์ƒ์•  ๊ฒฝ๋กœโ€™ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Secondly, the reason why school parents make every effort for their children's education is the social structure, which makes it impossible to find an alternative life path other than school education.
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ž…์‹œ์ œ๋„ ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ž…์‹œ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ โ€˜๊ต์œก ์˜ํ–ฅ ์„ธ๋ ฅโ€™์—๊ฒŒ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค โ€˜๋Œ€ํ•ญ ์ „๋žตโ€™์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  ๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
The reason for this is that a change in the admissions system will only further strengthen the โ€œcounter strategiesโ€ such as the parents' admission strategy, which influence the education system.
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ•™๊ต๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ณ ์ฐฉ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•ด์„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Because the results of this study should be interpreted as evidence that the structure of inequality in schools has entered a virtually permanent phase in our society.
์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€, ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‰์ด ํ—ˆ์•ฝํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด๋งŒ ์ง€์ ํ•ด๋„ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์–ป์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The negative answer to this question can be easily obtained by pointing out only the weak aspects of the social philosophy view in educational philosophical reviews.
์‹ค์žฌ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ๋‚ด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ , ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์  ์—ญ๋™ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ณผ์ œ์ด๋‹ค.
The main task of critical theory is to see that reality is always inherent in contradictions, and to show social structural and ideological dynamic relationships representing such contradictions.
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜๊ต์œก์—ดโ€™์„ ๊ต์œก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ฐฉ๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Perhaps Korea is the only country in the world where education fever has become the main topic of educational research.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์— ์ถ•์ ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์Šน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ณตํ•™์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์€ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค.
It cannot be denied that the idea of broadly transforming the energy accumulated in a nation is based on an immoderately socio-technical and empirical perspective.
์ผ๋‹จ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์„ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ์–ด์ธ ๊ณต๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ž˜ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ •์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์šด์˜์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
The term โ€œcollapse of public education,โ€ used to criticize our current school education, means that normal operation of the school curriculum is not possible.
์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ, ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์ด ๊ณต๊ต์œก์˜ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์นจํ•ด ๋ฐ ๊ฐ„์„ญํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์ด ์ ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In addition, from the perspective of school education, there are many signs that private tutoring infringes and interferes with the public education domain.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋ถ„๋‹ด๋ก ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„นํ„ฐ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์ฃผ์ž๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ์ข… ์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
As a result, various policy research reports often argue that the private tutoring market should be recognized as an equal economic sector based on the theory of sharing the roles of education.
์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋”์šฑ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ต์œกํ™œ๋™ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด, ์ •์ž‘ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ , ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์  ๊ฐ„์„ญ์— ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
What is even more interesting is that while educational activities themselves are intrinsic in value, pedagogical research is extremely vulnerable to political and ideological interference.
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค.
This is the root of the academic autonomy problem, but it is also the cause of failure to come up with a solution in the pathological aspect of Korean education.
์ด ๊ธ€์€ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ ์ธ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์‚ฌ์œ  ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ก ์ ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์ด๋‹ค.
This article brings ideas from his concepts and is an exploratory work for critical and alternative philosophical thinking educational models.
๊ต์œก์ด๋ก ์ด ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹จ์„ ์ ์ธ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ๋„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
Just as education theory is oriented toward positive and linear progress from a normative perspective, the practice of education envisages problems to be overcome and aims for subsequent goals.
๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ต์œก์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์•„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ถ„ ์œ ์ง€ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•œ๋‹ค.
In other words, education is not a process to promote understanding of the world and human beings and to develop the self, but rather a tool to maintain and raise social status.
โ€˜๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ™”โ€™๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ ์–‘์ƒ์ด ํ•™๊ต ์šด์˜์„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ์†Œ๋ชจ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜๋‹ซ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Although "politicization of education" is not necessarily negative, such serious confrontation is becoming a problem because it leads to wasteful conflict that makes it impossible for schools to run.
๊ทธ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ์„œ ๊น€์˜์‚ผ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ โ€˜5.31 ๊ต์œก๊ฐœํ˜โ€™์€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ •๋ถ€ ์‹œ์ ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ˜„ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As a case in point, the "May 31 Education Reform", announced by Kim Young-samโ€™s administration, which maintained its stance until the people's government and the participatory government, has been finalized under the current administration.
์ด๋ก ์  ํƒ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ์ธ์‹๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋…ผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ฑ์  ๋น„ํŒ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
Not discussing the impact of social factors on the selection and recognition methods of theoretical subjects means that researchers do not make self-reflection criticisms.
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ํ˜„์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œกํ•™์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค.
So far, we have analyzed the pathological aspects of Korean education from a phenomenal perspective, and we have explored the causes in the unusual socioeconomic and historical aspects of Korean society and the research trend of Korean pedagogy.
๋”์šฑ์ด ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก  ํŠน์œ ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๋‹ด๋ก ์  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ถ„์„์€ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ณตํ—ˆํ•œ ์ธก๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Furthermore, the huge discourse social analysis peculiar to critical theory is somewhat insufficient in explaining the educational process in which cultural symbols act as a medium, such as education.
์—ฐ๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ๋„๋•์ , ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž์•„์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ž ์‹œ ๋ณด๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์šด์˜์— ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ธ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Solidarity is to receive social recognition in return for serving the community operation, temporarily suspending the self-desire mechanism in line with the moral and normative standards of the school community.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ์—ญ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ์˜ ์ œ3์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ธ ์ธ์ •ํˆฌ์Ÿ์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๋ช… ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
However, the third generation approach of critical theory - the struggle for recognition, can be a useful explanatory model, because the school community is the place where the generation of parties involved in school education grow up and where social psychological dynamism works.
์‚ฌํšŒ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌํ•™์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์ด ์ƒ, ์ผํƒˆ, ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์žฅ์•  ๋“ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋ผ๋ฉด, ๊ต์œกํ•™์€ ์ •์ƒํƒœ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ํ•™๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค.
Social pathology is a domain of study that studies abnormalities, deviations, dysfunction, etc. in individuals, groups, and society, and pedagogy is a representative study that focuses on normal conditions.
๊ต์œก์—ด์€ โ€˜ํ—Œ์‹ โ€™, โ€˜์ž๊ธฐํฌ์ƒโ€™, โ€˜๊ต์œก์ž…๊ตญ์—์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌโ€™ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„๋•์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ž๋…€ ๊ต์œก๊ด€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The passion for education has moral and social meanings such as devotion, self-sacrifice, and contribution for an educated nation, but it also has negative meanings of parents' excessive and selfish views on children's education.
์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜„์ƒ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์„œ ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์€ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋…์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ž๊ธฐ ํ์‡„์ ์ธ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Thus, the pathological aspect of Korean education is remarkable as a social phenomenon, but the educational philosophical approach to this observation shows immoderately ideological and self-closing nature.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜„์ƒ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๊ต์œก๋ชฉ์  ํ˜น์€ ๊ต์œก ๋‚ด์žฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์น˜ํ™˜ํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ์ฑ„ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
This tendency of educational philosophical approach does not perceive the social phenomenon aspects of education with educational purposes or expressions of educational endogeneity as subject of analysis.
๋˜ ํ•œ 2001๋…„ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์›์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋„ ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํ•™๊ต ๋ถ€์ ์‘ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ , ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ณ‘๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํžŒ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค.
In addition, a report released by the Korea Youth Development Institute in 2001 reveals various causes of studentsโ€™ maladjustment to school in terms of functional and structural pathology of education.
ํ•œํŽธ ์˜จ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด ์ž…์‹œ ์œ„์ฃผ ๊ต์œก์ด ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
On the other hand, the burden of private education expenses, which is making the entire nation suffer financially, keeps increasing, and as long as entrance exam-oriented education continues, it is unlikely to be reduced.
๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์งˆ์„œ ํ˜น์€ ์ „ ํ†ต์— ์ž…๋ฌธ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋˜ํ•œ โ€˜๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์‚ฐโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ ์ด๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค.
Such phenomenon is easy to understand in that educationโ€™s main goal and core purpose is introducing the growing generation to the existing order and tradition, and that the components of education are also a cultural heritage.
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œกํ•™์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ „ ๊ณต ํ•™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ•˜์œ„ ์ „๊ณต์œผ๋กœ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ผ์ข…์˜ โ€˜๊ต์œก์  ์กฐ๋ง๋ ฅโ€™์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As a result, Korean pedagogy has lost its educational perspective by continuously differentiating itself into subclass majors while imitating the program-oriented major system of American universities.
์ค‘์•™์ •๋ถ€, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ž์น˜๋‹จ์ฒด ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ง€์› ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๊ต์œกํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ผ์ƒ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ’ํ† ๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด๋‹ค.
The Korean culture of pedagogical research, in which the pedagogistsโ€™ routine is designed through various support programs in the central government, local governments, and the private sector, is also rooted here.
์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋งˆ์Šค์˜ โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์  ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์•ผ์‹ฌ ์ฐฌ ๊ธฐํš๋„, ๋ฏธ์„ฑ๋…„ ์•„๋™ ๋ฐ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ์—์˜ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
Even Jรผrgen Habermas' ambitious project of "communicative rationality" seems immoderately abstract and less practical in describing minors and adolescents.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์ธ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์•„์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ธ์ • ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ํˆฌ์Ÿ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Through this observation, the establishment of individual ego identity, which is the main self-building process of the generation growing up in the school community, can be understood as the process of struggle in social mutual recognition.
ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ์ด ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ๋น„ํŒ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€๋‹ด๋ก ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ด€์กฐ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์ง€์ ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค.
Although critical theory is a useful perspective for understanding the problems of Korean education, it has been pointed out that it is elitist and observational about the real problems, which arise from the limitations of metadiscourse features.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์™€์ค‘์— ๊ต์œก์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„ํ›ˆ์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ†ต์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘ธ์ฝ”๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ถ„์— ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ๊ต์œกํ•™ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—๋„ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Against this backdrop, Foucault claimed that the history of education is spiritual and social control through human education began to appear in pedagogy only in the late 20th century.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ‘ธ์ฝ”์˜ ํ›ˆ์œก ๊ฐœ๋…์ด๋‚˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ดํŠธ์‹์˜ ์–ต์••๊ฐ€์„ค์ด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๊ต์œก์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์‹ ์  ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The emergence of Foucault's teaching concept and Freudian hypothesis of repression as basic ideas (Pongratz, 1990) can be evaluated as a full-fledged reflection of the social and mental inverse function of education.
์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ๊ด‘ํ’ ์†์—์„œ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ํ–‰๋™์€ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ด€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก์  ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ฌด์ž‘์ • ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Competitive behavior among parents in this private tutoring frenzy, generally makes parents more likely to follow the private educational prescriptions of other parents around them, than to follow their own firm educational perspective.
๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด๋Š” ํ‘ธ์ฝ”์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ-์ง€์‹๋ก ์— ์ž…๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ ์Šต๊ด€ ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค.
Of course, this is just one perspective that critically elucidates thought and habit formation through education based on Foucault's power-knowledge theory, but it is generally not wrong.
๊ต์œก๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ถ€์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํ•™์ƒ 1์ธ๋‹น ์›” ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ํ‰๊ท  24๋งŒ 2์ฒœ ์›์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๊ต์œก ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋น„์œจ์€ 75%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
According to data from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Statistics on Private Education Expenditure in 2009), the monthly private education expenditure per student averaged 242,000 won, and the private education participation rate reached 75%.
๊ต์œก์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ต์œก์šด ์˜์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆœ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ต์œก์  ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚˜์นœ ์ด๋…์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—ญ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
Although rationalizing the decision-making process of educational management through the politicization of education can have a good role, the reality of schools environment has an adverse role in the excessively ideological approach to educational issues.
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ผ๋ณ€๋„์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ์ข…์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œกํ•™์€ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ธ ๊ฐ„ํ•™์  ์ „์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ก ์  ์ฐจ์›์„ ๋“ฑํ•œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ณตํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Due to its academic dependency on the United States, Korean pedagogy has more technological engineering characteristics, ignoring the anthropological premise and the axiology dimension of education.
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ต์œกํ•™์ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ˜„์ƒ์  ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ก  ๋ฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์  ์ฐจ์› ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™๋ฌธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์•„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.
Rather, it would be better to ask whether pedagogy has an academic research epistemology covering all the social phenomenology, axiology, and semantics dimensions as the target areas of education.
๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ „ํ†ต ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ž€ โ€œ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์  ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์„œ์ˆ ์  ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.
According to this, traditional theory is "a theory about the repetition of what exists and what doesnโ€™t exist,โ€ and it has its descriptive usefulness when assuming such a nomological repetition of the same thing.
์‹ค์ฆ์ฃผ์˜ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์— ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํฌํ•˜์ด๋จธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€, ๊ฐ€์น˜์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅํ•œ ์ฑ„ ๊ต์œก ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ณตํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œกํ•™์˜ ํ–‰ํƒœ์—๋„ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
Holkheimer's argument, which was proposed before the positivism debate, is equally applicable to the Korean pedagogy, which approaches educational issues technologically under the guise of value neutrality and objectivity.