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instruction stringlengths 4 924	prompt stringlengths 144 1.4k	input stringlengths 0 1.16k	output stringlengths 1 10.7k
How did India get independence from colonial rule	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: How did India get independence from colonial rule ### Response:		Non vioalence movement and violence movement both were prevalent, huge number of discussions, fights,protests etc paved way for indepdence
Classify each of the following as a weapon or a toy: gun, lego, knife, bomb, blocks, doll	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify each of the following as a weapon or a toy: gun, lego, knife, bomb, blocks, doll ### Response:		Gun: Weapon Lego: Toy Knife: Weapon Bomb: Weapon Blocks: Toy Doll: Toy
Why is music so special?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why is music so special? ### Response:		Music is an art form consisting of arranging sound to create a combination of rhythm and harmonies to convey emotions to individuals. It can be considered a unique art form by certain people due to its ephemeral aspect as opposed to other art types such as painting or sculpture which are mostly permanent. Music can generate a large variety of emotions in individuals through the mere sense of hearing it. Research has shown that listening to music activates multiple areas of the brain and is known to liberate important amounts of dopamine which contribute to giving pleasure to the listener. On the other hand, learning and playing music requires several mental and physical skills such as ear and relative pitch, rhythm, and hand coordination.
What are the five biggest centers of Sufism?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the five biggest centers of Sufism? ### Input: Sufism in Bangladesh is more or less similar to that in the whole Indian subcontinent. India, it is claimed, is one of the five great centers of Sufism, the other four being Persia (including central Asia), Baghdad, Syria, and North Africa. Sufi saints flourished in Hindustan (India) preaching the mystic teachings of Sufism that easily reached the common people, especially the spiritual truth seekers in India.[1] Sufism in Bangladesh is also called pirism, after the pirs or teachers in the Sufi tradition[2] (also called Fakir).[3] ### Response:	Sufism in Bangladesh is more or less similar to that in the whole Indian subcontinent. India, it is claimed, is one of the five great centers of Sufism, the other four being Persia (including central Asia), Baghdad, Syria, and North Africa. Sufi saints flourished in Hindustan (India) preaching the mystic teachings of Sufism that easily reached the common people, especially the spiritual truth seekers in India.[1] Sufism in Bangladesh is also called pirism, after the pirs or teachers in the Sufi tradition[2] (also called Fakir).[3]	The five main centers of Sufism are India, Persia, Baghdad, Syria, and North Africa.
What is does ELT stand for?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is does ELT stand for? ### Response:		ELT stands for extract, transfer and load. This refers to a data flow lifecycle. Extract refers to extracting data from source system of records, load refers to the process to load the data into another system, and transfer stands for the process load the data into that new system. ELT also describes a process for loading source data into another system of record that is stored in the original format as the source system.
What is the difference between a dialect and an accent?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between a dialect and an accent? ### Response:		Most people would commonly refer to an accent as a distinctly unique annunciation of consonant and vowels commonly heard in a geographic proximity or spoken by a distinct community coming from a geographic proximity. Dialect, on the other hand, has attributions beyond annunciation of sounds, and includes the use of slang or local terms, mixed etymology and an element of shared ideas or principles about how to communicate. Another category not considered here is a creole, which is a blending of two or more languages.
What’s your favorite way to spend a day off?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What’s your favorite way to spend a day off? ### Response:		My favorite way to spend a day off is to spend it with my family and friends. I love to take long walks with my dog, go for bike rides, and spend time outdoors with my family. I also love to read, write, and catch up on my favorite shows.
Who is the best ever President of the United States ?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the best ever President of the United States ? ### Response:		There are many factors that should be considered when determining the best President of the United States. Many would say there is no "right answer" on this question, since people hold different values on what is or isn't important. But, generally speaking, Presidents who have successfully led the United States through times of great national or global crises tend to receive the highest marks. The short list of Presidents typically are the following: George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) and Ronald Reagan. Washington was key to winning the independence of the country from the British as the wartime General during the Revolutionary War, and was the first President during a very tumultuous first 8 years of the United States. Lincoln kept the country together through the American Civil War, and eradicated slavery - a great moral achievement in finally realizing the principles of the Declaration of Independence for all people no matter the color of their skin. FDR led the country through the Great Depression, and also was a world leader in fighting German and Japanese aggression during World War II. Ronald Reagan managed the end of the Cold War, without firing a shot, and avoiding nuclear catastrophe, through shrewd maneuvering and negotiation with Mikhail Gorbachev.
Why do people hate pineapple on pizza?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do people hate pineapple on pizza? ### Response:		Pineapple has grown to be a rather controversial pizza topping. Those that love it may like it for the contrast of the sweet and juicy pineapple combined with the savory profile from a traditional tomato sauce based pizza. As pineapple is commonly known to be from Hawaii, some pizzerias have named a pineapple and ham pizza as a "Hawaiian" pizza which some may favor as Hawaii is usually a popular vacation destination and considered an exotic option for something traditional like pizza. Others that take a more purist preference towards pizza toppings have criticized pineapple as an abomination.
What was Meghan Markle's royal title?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What was Meghan Markle's royal title? ### Response:		Meghan Markle's royal title is Duchess of Sussex.
What singer was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What singer was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou? ### Response:		George Michael.
What is the Firefly Music Festival?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the Firefly Music Festival? ### Response:		The Firefly Music Festival is a multi genre music festival that started in 2012. It is held in Dover, Delaware and is 4 days long. The artists who perform at Firefly vary significantly in genre, including country, pop, punk, hip hop, EDM, and alternative. Most people who attend Firefly camp onsite, but you can also stay in local hotels or commute to the festival.
What is a prime number?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a prime number? ### Response:		A prime number is a number greater than one that can only be divided by the number 1 and itself.
Name some of Sweden's most famous companies	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Name some of Sweden's most famous companies ### Response:		Here are some examples of Sweden's most famous companies. Volvo Hennes & Mauritz Electrolux IKEA Spotify Klarna
Name some plays that were written by Shakespeare	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Name some plays that were written by Shakespeare ### Response:		Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, King Lear, Much Ado About Nothing
What are four reasons why you have a car on your front lawn?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are four reasons why you have a car on your front lawn? ### Response:		1. I ran out of parking in my driveway 2. The car drips oil and the grass absorbs the oil better than the concrete driveway 3. It dropped from the sky and I don't have the money to get it removed 4. My wife often kicks me out of the house and I use it to sleep in
Give me a bulleted list of the current members of Pearl Jam.	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the current members of Pearl Jam. ### Response:		- Jeff Ament - Stone Gossard - Mike McCready - Eddie Vedder - Matt Cameron
According to this paragraph, what records did Stevens break as a basketball coach?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: According to this paragraph, what records did Stevens break as a basketball coach? ### Input: In 2010, his third year as head coach, Stevens broke the NCAA record for most wins in a coach's first three years, exceeding the previous record by eight wins. In the NCAA Tournament, Stevens coached Butler to the first Final Four in school history, while also becoming the second-youngest head coach to make an NCAA National Championship game, losing 61–59 to Duke. With the following season's team also making the Final Four, Stevens became the youngest coach to go to two Final Fours.[2] Stevens coached the Bulldogs in their second consecutive national championship game on April 4, 2011, where the team again lost, this time to the Connecticut Huskies. Stevens was regularly named a finalist for Horizon League Coach of the Year award, winning twice, and was also a nominee for both the Hugh Durham Award and Jim Phelan Award in every year of his college career. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Stevens ### Response:	In 2010, his third year as head coach, Stevens broke the NCAA record for most wins in a coach's first three years, exceeding the previous record by eight wins. In the NCAA Tournament, Stevens coached Butler to the first Final Four in school history, while also becoming the second-youngest head coach to make an NCAA National Championship game, losing 61–59 to Duke. With the following season's team also making the Final Four, Stevens became the youngest coach to go to two Final Fours.[2] Stevens coached the Bulldogs in their second consecutive national championship game on April 4, 2011, where the team again lost, this time to the Connecticut Huskies. Stevens was regularly named a finalist for Horizon League Coach of the Year award, winning twice, and was also a nominee for both the Hugh Durham Award and Jim Phelan Award in every year of his college career. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Stevens	According to this paragraph, Stevens has the most wins as an NCAA coach in his first three years and took Butler to its first Final Four in the history of the school. He was also the youngest men's college basketball coach ever to take his team to the NCAA championship game and to two consecutive Final Fours.
If you were to weigh each one of these items on average, what would be considered heavy and light if you were to carry them: boulder, pebble, feather, bowling ball, elephant, seed, sand, dirt, water, books, papers, backpack	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: If you were to weigh each one of these items on average, what would be considered heavy and light if you were to carry them: boulder, pebble, feather, bowling ball, elephant, seed, sand, dirt, water, books, papers, backpack ### Response:		heavy: boulder, bowling ball, elephant, sand, dirt, water, backpack light: feather, seed, books, papers
What would you do to improve the rules of Tennis, to make it a better TV viewing experience?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What would you do to improve the rules of Tennis, to make it a better TV viewing experience? ### Response:		I would recommend the following things be changed in the rules of tennis to make it more interesting. (1) Reduce the length of a 'set' to be 4 games long, and the first person to 4 wins the set, with no requirement to lead by 2 clear games over their opponent. (2) I would only allow one serve - instead of two - per player when starting each point. (3) I would stop players from wasting time between points by limiting their towel breaks to 23 seconds long. (4) If a player's service hits the net and goes over, they win the point (this means no replaying of points due to hitting the netcord and flopping over the net). (5) I would declare a rally null and void if it goes over 20 shots; it would count for nothing and both players would have wasted their efforts without any positive outcome. (6) I would not allow players to take a break, between games, until 4 games had been consecutively played, regardless of their physical capabilities. (7) The maximum number of tennis sets that can be played in major Tennis tournaments be limited to three. (8) If a tennis match exceeds three hours in duration it gets called a "tie" - no winner, and rewards are halved.
What is a popular mystery book series?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a popular mystery book series? ### Response:		Sherlock Holmes series by Arthur Conan Doyle
Please describe a fantasy animal	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Please describe a fantasy animal ### Response:		An unicorn, a white horse like animal with a horn in the forehead
What is a useful set of criteria to use when determining who has a lot of leadership potential in my team?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is a useful set of criteria to use when determining who has a lot of leadership potential in my team? ### Response:		1. Aspiration. Does this person have a high degree of aspiration when compared to their peers? It takes a lot of risk and a lot of work to step up and grow into larger leadership responsibilities. Thus, it is important that a person has the desire to take that risk and to put in the work needed. 2. Capabilities. Has this person demonstrated uniquely strong leadership abilities, particularly in creating vision, setting strategy, and building great teams? Do they have a track record of setting direction and rallying followership? Are they a fast learner, quickly ramping to full performance when put in unfamiliar and increasingly more difficult jobs? Do they distinguish themselves as a thought leader, especially in ambiguous situations? Do they display high amounts of self-awareness and empathy, achieving results in a way that builds and strengthens relationships/ 3. Commitment and courage. Does the person have sufficient tenure, have they demonstrated a long-term commitment to the organization? Are they highly engaged? Do they help to engage and develop others? Do they have a track record of accomplishing impressive results oriented to the total organization’s results, not just their own job or silo? Have they demonstrated the tendency to take on tough, important assignments in difficult environments that broaden their experience? Do they have a track-record of rapid career progression into the larger more complex jobs every few years?
What does Chevron do?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What does Chevron do? ### Response:		Chevron is an oil and gas company that has operations in the entire well lifecycle. Chevron drills land and deep water wells. They have refineries for processing oil into gasoline and other products. Chevron has an entire trucking fleet company for delivering their produced gasoline to Chevron and Texaco gas station direct to consumer. They have surface facility networks for moving produced oil all over the United States. They also have Chevron shipping to move oil overseas to other countries. Chevron has all the talent - drilling engineers, petroleum engineers, geologists, petrophysicists, reservoir engineers, and seismologists, and other support personnel necessary to deliver the full well lifecycle
Where is Pleasanton?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Where is Pleasanton? ### Input: Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is a suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census.[8] In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau.[9][10] Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, and Veeva Systems. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle and Macy's.[11] Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton. The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town. ### Response:	Pleasanton is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. Located in the Amador Valley, it is a suburb in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. The population was 79,871 at the 2020 census.[8] In 2005 and 2007, Pleasanton was ranked the wealthiest middle-sized city in the United States by the Census Bureau.[9][10] Pleasanton is home to the headquarters of Safeway, Workday, Ellie Mae, Roche Molecular Diagnostics, Blackhawk Network Holdings, and Veeva Systems. Other major employers include Kaiser Permanente, Oracle and Macy's.[11] Although Oakland is the Alameda County seat, a few county offices are located in Pleasanton. The Alameda County Fairgrounds are located in Pleasanton, where the county fair is held during the last week of June and the first week of July. Pleasanton Ridge Regional Park is located on the west side of town.	Pleasanton is city in California, United States. It is located about 30-45 miles east of San Francisco. It is known for being Headquarter for multiple tech companies like veeva, workday and safeway.
Who is the company ABB	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is the company ABB ### Input: ABB Ltd. is a Swedish-Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland.[5] The company was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie merged to create ASEA Brown Boveri, later simplified to the initials ABB. Both companies were established in the late 1800s and were major electrical equipment manufacturers, a business that ABB remains active in today. The company has also since expanded to robotics and automation technology. ### Response:	ABB Ltd. is a Swedish-Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland.[5] The company was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmänna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie merged to create ASEA Brown Boveri, later simplified to the initials ABB. Both companies were established in the late 1800s and were major electrical equipment manufacturers, a business that ABB remains active in today. The company has also since expanded to robotics and automation technology.	ABB Ltd. is a Swedish-Swiss multinational corporation headquartered in Zürich, Switzerland. The company was formed in 1988 when Sweden's Allmanna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget (ASEA) and Switzerland's Brown, Boveri & Cie merged to create ASEA Brown Boveri, later simplified to the initials ABB. Both companies were established in the late 1800s and were major electrical equipment manufacturers, a business that ABB remains active in today. The company has also since expanded to robotics and automation technology.
What is the best way to make Indian ginger tea?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the best way to make Indian ginger tea? ### Response:		To make two cups of Indian masala tea, first take 1.5 cups of water in a pot and add about 1 teaspoon of grated ginger, add 2 tablespoons of loose tea leaves (best is Tetley tea). Bring this to boil and add 3/4 cup of milk (whole milk tastes the best) and 3 tablespoons of sugar. Simmer and let the mixture boil for 5 minutes. Use a fine strainer to pour the tea into cups. Enjoy your cup of the best Indian Ginger tea ever.
Classify each of the following as having 2 wheels, 4 wheels, or neither: Car, Tricycle, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Grocery Cart	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Classify each of the following as having 2 wheels, 4 wheels, or neither: Car, Tricycle, Bicycle, Motorcycle, Grocery Cart ### Response:		Car: 4 Wheels Tricycle: Neither Bicycle: 2 Wheels Motorcycle: 2 Wheels Grocery Cart: 4 Wheels
What are all the ways I can get around in San Francisco?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are all the ways I can get around in San Francisco? ### Response:		In San Francisco, there are four main ways to get around the city. Those ways are by car, by public transit, by foot or by bikes and scooters. Because San Francisco has many public transportation and ride share options, many residents choose not to own a car. For public transportation, there are buses, trolleys, trains, subways and hybrid buses and trains called Munis. The subway in San Francisco is called Bart (Bay Area Rapid Transit), and it even goes under the San Francisco Bay to cities like Oakland. For getting around by foot, walking is a good option for many areas of San Francisco. Bikes and scooters will help cover longer distances. Shared ride services like taxis, Ubers and Lyft are available throughout the city. Many of those services offer rentals of bikes, scooters, mopeds and ebikes.
Why might someone choose to move to Seattle?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why might someone choose to move to Seattle? ### Response:		Seattle is an appealing place to move for a variety of reasons. It is lively city with plenty of urban activities while also featuring the natural beauty of the Puget Sound and the Cascade Mountains.
Who were the Grateful Dead?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who were the Grateful Dead? ### Response:		The Grateful Dead were a band founded in 1965 in the Bay Area. Their original members include Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Ron (Pigpen) McKernan and Bill Kreutzman.
What is the difference between an alligator and a crocodile?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the difference between an alligator and a crocodile? ### Response:		Alligators and crocodiles have many similarities, including both having short legs, powerful tails, and long snouts, but there are also a number of ways to tell them apart. First, they are usually found in different locations, with alligators preferring freshwater areas and crocodiles being found in saltwater habitats. Second, their snouts are shaped differently, with alligators having a broad, U-shaped snout, where the snout of crocodiles is more narrow and V-shaped. You can often see some of the bottom teeth on a crocodile, even when its mouth is shut, but not on an alligator. Finally, alligators usually appear to be more black or dark gray, with crocodiles appearing more tan or olive.
Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Ray Palmer, Ant-Man	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Ray Palmer, Ant-Man ### Response:		Ant-Man is Marvel, Ray Palmer is DC
Why do we still use vacuum tubes in modern electric guitar amplifier?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Why do we still use vacuum tubes in modern electric guitar amplifier? ### Response:		The vacuum tube, electron tube, valve of simply tube is a technology that was developed at the beginning of the 1900. Its primary purpose was to perform fundamental electronic functions such as signal amplification and current rectification. The invention of the transistor, a semi-conductor device, in the 1940s presented a better, safer, smaller and more efficient alternative to the vacuum tube. The transistor also have the advantages of being more reliable that the vacuum tube. Despite its inconvenient, the tube remains favoured by many audiophiles and musicians. In electric guitar amplification, the tube produces pleasing harmonics when pushed into saturation. The tube generally offers a softer clipping characteristics compared to bipolar transistor when the amplification gain is pushed. It is also known to react extremely well to the guitar player dynamic ranging from clean sparkly sound, when barely touching the guitar strings, to crunch and distortion when entering saturation.
Given this reference about the Battle of Okinawa during WW2, what was the difference in between the US (77th Infantry Division) and the Japanese casualties and wounded?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Given this reference about the Battle of Okinawa during WW2, what was the difference in between the US (77th Infantry Division) and the Japanese casualties and wounded? ### Input: The land battle took place over about 81 days beginning on 1 April 1945. The first Americans ashore were soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division who landed in the Kerama Islands, 15 mi (24 km) west of Okinawa on 26 March. Subsidiary landings followed, and the Kerama group was secured over the next five days. In these preliminary operations, the 77th Infantry Division suffered 27 dead and 81 wounded, while the Japanese dead and captured numbered over 650. The operation provided a protected anchorage for the fleet and eliminated the threat from suicide boats. ### Response:	The land battle took place over about 81 days beginning on 1 April 1945. The first Americans ashore were soldiers of the 77th Infantry Division who landed in the Kerama Islands, 15 mi (24 km) west of Okinawa on 26 March. Subsidiary landings followed, and the Kerama group was secured over the next five days. In these preliminary operations, the 77th Infantry Division suffered 27 dead and 81 wounded, while the Japanese dead and captured numbered over 650. The operation provided a protected anchorage for the fleet and eliminated the threat from suicide boats.	The difference was about 542
Who is JFK?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Who is JFK? ### Input: John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person to assume the presidency by election and the youngest president at the end of his tenure.[2] Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to his presidency. ### Response:	John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person to assume the presidency by election and the youngest president at the end of his tenure.[2] Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to his presidency.	John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), often referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th president of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the youngest person to assume the presidency by election and the youngest president at the end of his tenure.[2] Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War, and the majority of his foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Union and Cuba. A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts in both houses of the U.S. Congress prior to his presidency. Born into the prominent Kennedy family in Brookline, Massachusetts, Kennedy graduated from Harvard University in 1940 before joining the U.S. Naval Reserve the following year. During World War II, he commanded a series of PT boats in the Pacific theater. Kennedy's survival following the sinking of PT-109 and his rescue of his fellow sailors made him a war hero and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Medal, but left him with serious injuries. After a brief stint in journalism, Kennedy represented a working-class Boston district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1947 to 1953. He was subsequently elected to the U.S. Senate and served as the junior senator for Massachusetts from 1953 to 1960. While in the Senate, Kennedy published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy ran in the 1960 presidential election. His campaign gained momentum after the first televised presidential debates in American history, and he was elected president, narrowly defeating Republican opponent Richard Nixon, who was the incumbent vice president. He was the first Catholic elected president. Kennedy's administration included high tensions with communist states in the Cold War. He increased the number of American military advisors in South Vietnam. He authorized numerous operations to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro, including the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961. The following October, U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet missile bases in Cuba; the resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted in the breakout of a global thermonuclear conflict. He also signed the first nuclear weapons treaty in October 1963. Kennedy presided over the establishment of the Peace Corps, Alliance for Progress with Latin America, and the continuation of the Apollo program with the goal of landing a man on the Moon. He also supported the civil rights movement but was only somewhat successful in passing his New Frontier domestic policies. On November 22, 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. His vice president, Lyndon B. Johnson, assumed the presidency upon Kennedy's death. Lee Harvey Oswald, a former U.S. Marine, was arrested for the assassination, but he was shot and killed by Jack Ruby two days later. The FBI and the Warren Commission both concluded Oswald had acted alone, but conspiracy theories about the assassination still persist. After Kennedy's death, Congress enacted many of his proposals, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Revenue Act of 1964. Kennedy ranks highly in polls of U.S. presidents with historians and the general public. His personal life has also been the focus of considerable sustained interest following public revelations in the 1970s of his chronic health ailments and extramarital affairs. Kennedy is the most recent U.S. president to have died in office.
What is the oldest manufacturer of cymbals?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What is the oldest manufacturer of cymbals? ### Response:		Turkish company, Zildjian, was founded in 1623 in then-Ottoman Empire. It is best known for its cymbals.
What happened on January 6, 2021?	Below is an instruction that describes a task, paired with an input that provides further context. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What happened on January 6, 2021? ### Input: On January 6, 2021, following the defeat of U.S. President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The mob sought to keep Trump in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the electoral college votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. According to the House select committee investigating the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election.[28][29] Five people died either shortly before, during, or following the event: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes.[22][30] Many people were injured, including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months.[23] As of July 7, 2022, monetary damages caused by attackers exceed $2.7 million.[31] ### Response:	On January 6, 2021, following the defeat of U.S. President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The mob sought to keep Trump in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the electoral college votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. According to the House select committee investigating the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election.[28][29] Five people died either shortly before, during, or following the event: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes.[22][30] Many people were injured, including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months.[23] As of July 7, 2022, monetary damages caused by attackers exceed $2.7 million.[31]	On January 6, 2021, following the defeat of U.S. President Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential election, a mob of his supporters attacked the United States Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. The mob sought to keep Trump in power by preventing a joint session of Congress from counting the electoral college votes to formalize the victory of President-elect Joe Biden. According to the House select committee investigating the incident, the attack was the culmination of a seven-part plan by Trump to overturn the election.[28][29] Five people died either shortly before, during, or following the event: one was shot by Capitol Police, another died of a drug overdose, and three died of natural causes.[22][30] Many people were injured, including 138 police officers. Four officers who responded to the attack died by suicide within seven months.[23] As of July 7, 2022, monetary damages caused by attackers exceed $2.7 million.[31] Called to action by Trump,[32][33] thousands of his supporters gathered in Washington, D.C., on January 5 and 6 to support his false claim that the 2020 election had been "stolen by emboldened radical-left Democrats"[34][35][36][37] and to demand that Vice President Mike Pence and the Congress reject Biden's victory.[38] Starting at noon on January 6,[39] at a "Save America" rally on the Ellipse, Trump repeated false claims of election irregularities[40] and said "If you don't fight like hell, you're not going to have a country anymore."[41][42] In the same speech, he said "I know that everyone here will soon be marching over to the Capitol building to peacefully and patriotically make your voices heard."[43] During and after his speech,[39] thousands of attendees, some armed, walked to the Capitol, and hundreds breached police perimeters[44][45] as Congress was beginning the electoral vote count. More than 2,000 rioters entered the building,[46][47][48] many of whom occupied, vandalized, and looted;[49][50] assaulted Capitol Police officers and reporters; and attempted to locate lawmakers to capture and harm.[51] A gallows was erected west of the Capitol, and some rioters chanted "Hang Mike Pence" after he rejected false claims by Trump and others that the vice president could overturn the election results.[52] Some vandalized and looted the offices of House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D‑CA) and other members of Congress.[53] With building security breached, Capitol Police evacuated and locked down both chambers of Congress and several buildings in the Capitol Complex.[54] Rioters occupied the empty Senate chamber while federal law enforcement officers defended the evacuated House floor.[55][56] Pipe bombs were found at each of the Democratic National Committee and Republican National Committee headquarters, and Molotov cocktails were discovered in a vehicle near the Capitol.[57][58] Trump resisted sending the National Guard to quell the mob.[59] Later that afternoon, in a Twitter video, he reasserted that the election was "fraudulent", but told his supporters to "go home in peace".[60][61] The Capitol was clear of rioters by mid-evening,[62] and the counting of the electoral votes resumed and was completed in the early morning hours of January 7. Pence declared President-elect Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala Harris victorious. Pressured by his cabinet, the threat of removal, and many resignations, Trump later committed to an orderly transition of power in a televised statement.[63][64] A week after the riot, the House of Representatives impeached Trump for incitement of insurrection, making him the only U.S. president to have been impeached twice.[65] In February, after Trump had left office, the Senate voted 57–43 in favor of conviction; because this fell short of a two-thirds majority, requiring 67 votes, he was acquitted for a second time.[66] The House passed a bill to create a bipartisan independent commission to investigate the attack, modeled after the 9/11 Commission,[67] but it was blocked by Republicans in the Senate,[51] so the House approved a select committee with seven Democrats and two Republicans to investigate instead.[68][69] The committee held nine televised public hearings on the attack [79] in 2022, and later voted to subpoena Trump.[80] By March 2022, the Justice Department's investigations had expanded to include the activities of others leading up to the attack.[81] Ultimately, the Committee recommended Trump to DOJ to be prosecuted for obstructing an official proceeding, incitement, conspiracy to defraud the United States, and making false statements.[82] More than 30 members of anti-government groups, including the Oath Keepers, Proud Boys, and Three Percenters, were charged with conspiracy for allegedly planning their attacks on the Capitol; ten Oath Keepers and five Proud Boys were charged with seditious conspiracy,[83][84] and one Oath Keeper pleaded guilty.[85][86] Oath Keeper leader Stewart Rhodes would later be convicted of seditious conspiracy.[87][88][89] As of January 2022, at least 57 people with roles in the day's events were running for public office.[90] Although most people charged with crimes relating to the attack had no known affiliation with far-right or extremist groups,[27][91][92] a significant number were linked to extremist groups or conspiratorial movements.[93] By January 2023, at least 476 individuals charged had pleaded guilty.[94]
What are the colors of the rainbow?	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: What are the colors of the rainbow? ### Response:		A rainbow is formed when sunlight scatters from raindrops and reflects red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
Which African country was founded by Americans	Below is an instruction that describes a task. Write a response that appropriately completes the request. ### Instruction: Which African country was founded by Americans ### Response:		Liberia