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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ ์˜์•ฝ๊ตญ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๊ด‘์šฐ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ํ˜น๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค:
In the United States, activists filed a suit demanding that the Food and Drug Administration ban a practice suspected of causing mad-cow disease in Britain:
์ฆ‰ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ์™€ ์–‘์˜ ์‚ด์„ ๊ฐ€์ถ•์—๊ฒŒ ๋จน์ด๋Š” ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด๋‹ค.
feeding cattle the rendered parts of cows and sheep.
"๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ด€ํ–‰์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณค๊ฒฝ์— ๋ชฐ์•„๋„ฃ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "๋ผ๊ณ  ์œ„์Šค์ฝ˜์‹  ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ•™์ž ๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋“œ ๋งˆ์‹œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
"Eventually this practice is going to get us in trouble," warned virologist Richard Marsh of the University of Wisconsin.
1980๋…„์—์„œ 1999๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์™œ์†Œ๋ฐœ์œก์ฆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ 8,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‡Œํ•˜์ˆ˜์ฒด์—์„œ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค.
Suspecting that one or more of the pituitaries had come from a CJD victim, the FDA banned the use of cadavers as sources of growth hormone.
(์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์„ ์œ ์ „์ž๋กœ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ.) ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์™œ์†Œ๋ฐœ์œก์ฆ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํ™˜์ž 15๋ช…๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ํ™˜์ž 80๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์‹œ์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ CJD์— ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
So far, 15 U.S. dwarfism patients and an additional 80 overseas have contracted CJD from infected cadavers.
๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ด‘์šฐ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ํฌ๋กœ์ด์ธ ํŽ ํŠธ-์•ผ๊ณฑ๋ณ‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์— ๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Scientists could better gauge the risk of contracting mad cow and Creutzfeldt-Jakob if they knew what caused them.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ๋ณ‘์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
But no virus or bacterium has ever been associated with the diseases.
1982๋…„ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•™์ž ์Šคํƒ ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋ฃจ์ง€๋„ˆ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋œ ์ด๋ก ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์€ ๋‡Œ์„ธํฌ ์†์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ํฌ์œ„ํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์ž์ด๋‹ค.
According to a theory advanced by neurologist Stanley Prusiner of the University of California, San Francisco, in 1982, prions are misshapen molecules that wrap themselves around normal proteins in brain cells (diagram).
์ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ํฌ์œ„๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ธฐํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
This deadly embrace transforms the healthy proteins into more misshapen prions.
์ด ๊ธฐํ˜•์ ์ธ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์€ ์ฃฝ์Œ์˜ ์—ฐ์‡„๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ๋‹ค.
The misshapen prions, in a lethal chain reaction, alter still more healthy proteins.
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฉด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ์—๋„ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
The change in shape makes the proteins invulnerable to enzymes that would normally break them down.
์ด ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์€ ์ ์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํฌ๋กœ์ด์ธ ํŽ ํŠธ-์•ผ๊ณฑ๋ณ‘์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ธ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
The proteins accumulate, eventually forming the clumps and holes characteristic of Creutzfeldt-Jakob.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์ข…์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
And prions from one species can sometimes infect the brains of another.
์œ ์ „ํ•™: ๋น„๋ก ์˜๊ตญ ์–ธ๋ก ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ ํ•ด์— ์‡ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ 50๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๊ด‘์šฐ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ CJD๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฉ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Although the British press is carrying predictions that 500,000 beefeaters a year could die of CJD associated with mad-cow disease, in fact it is very hard to contract any of the brain-rotting ailments.
ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค๋ฉด ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์— ์ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
For one thing, there are hints that you need to be genetically susceptible.
๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด CJD๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Thousands of patients who received infected growth hormone did not get CJD;
๊ทธ ๋ณ‘์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‡Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.
those who did had a particular kind of brain-protein gene.
๋˜ ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ” ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ์ฝ”ํ—จ์€ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‡Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฎ์•˜์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Also, UCSF's Fred Cohen points out, a prion can alter healthy brain proteins only if it resembles them:
"์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‡Œ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๊ณผ ์†Œ์˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ์˜จ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž์„ ์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
"The fit between the human brain protein and the bovine prion is not very good."
๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ 11๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์ผ ๋งŒํผ ๊ทธ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The question is whether it was good enough to kill 11 people in Britain.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ง๋กœ ๋œ ์ฝ”๋ฟ”์†Œ์˜ ๋ฟ”์ด ์†Œ์ค‘ํ•œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
where powdered rhino horn is a treasured Chinese medicine.
์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์šด๋™ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
A British environmental group is prescribing strong medicine of its own:
๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ต๋„์†Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ฒ•์ด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
CIUDAD VICTORIA, Mexico (AP) _ Prison officials in northern Mexico say their inmates are manufacturing furniture *bound for Texas _ despite U.S. laws that ban the importation of goods made with prison labor.
๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๊ณผ ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค.
And they'd like to contract with more American companies to produce all kinds of goods.
ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋Š” ๊ต๋„์†Œ ์ƒ์ ๋“ค์ด ์›์‚ฐ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์„ ๋ถ™์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
One official said prison shops would even label their products to hide their origin.
๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต๋„์†Œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž ์ž‘์—…์‹ค์ด ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ’์‹ผ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ์—๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์†์‹ค์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํŽธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Prison officials in Mexicoโ€™s northern states are pointing to inmate workshops as a way to stem the loss of business as foreign-owned assembly plants abandon the border zone *in search of cheaper labor in Asia.
์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Convicts already do work for Mexican companies.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต๋„์†Œ ๋…ธ๋™์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์›๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๋กœ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ง์—…์„ ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์ธ๊ถŒ ์œ ๋ฆฐ์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
But prison labor is strongly criticized around the globe *on the grounds it undercuts unions, steals jobs from law-abiding workers and poses risks of human rights abuses.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Many countries, like the United States, bar imports of products made by prisoners.
๋งˆ๋ˆ„์—˜ ๋ธ ๋ฆฌ์—๊ณ  ํƒ€๋งˆ์šธ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์Šค์ฃผ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์žฅ์€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค์ฃผ ์˜ค์Šคํ‹ด์˜ ํด๋ฆฐํŠธ ํœด๊ฐ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์˜ ์ œ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
The prison director for Tamaulipas state, Manuel del Riego, said Clint Hough of Austin, Texas, is the first foreign businessman to accept the stateโ€™s offer of its inmatesโ€™ services.
์น˜์šฐ๋‹ค๋“œ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ˜•๋ฌด์†Œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ํœด์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์‹๋‹น ์ฒด์ธ์ ์—์„œ ์“ธ ์˜์ž์™€ ์‹๋‹น์šฉ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Del Riego said Hough has been buying furniture made by prisoners for more than a year. Inmates at the Ciudad Victoria prison said Hough ordered chairs for a Texas restaurant chain as well as dining room furniture.
๊ต๋„์†Œ์—์„œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ํœด์”จ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.
Hough, interviewed at the prison, would not confirm that he takes the furniture across the border.
ํœด์”จ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋งˆ์˜ ๋•€์„ ํ›”์น˜๋ฉฐ ๊ต๋„์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ถ€์ธํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ฃ„์ˆ˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋””์ž์ธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Wiping sweat from his brow with a towel, Hough later denied ordering furniture from the prison at all, and said he merely teaches prisoners design and finishing techniques.
๋ธ ๋ฆฌ์—๊ณ  ๊ต๋„์†Œ์žฅ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ 150์—ฌ๊ฐœ ์™ธ๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด ํƒ€๋งˆ์šธ๋ฆฌํŒŒ์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” 11๊ตฐ๋ฐ ๋‚ฌ๋”ๅฅด๏ผŸ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ผ์ธ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ํ‘œํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Del Riego said 150 foreign companies, including many in the United States, had expressed interest in setting up production lines at the 11 prisons in Tamaulipas.
๊ทธ๋Š” "์—…์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ˆ์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``Companies will save tons of money,โ€™โ€™ he said.
๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋‹น 45ํŽ˜์†Œ(4๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ 50์„ผํŠธ)์˜ ์ตœ์†Œ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฒ„๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์ง€๋Œ€์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์œ  ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ž„๊ธˆ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•œ๋‹ค.
On average, Mexican inmates earn the minimum wage of 45 pesos a day ($4.50), half what free workers along the border make.
๊ต๋„์†Œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜๋ฃŒ, ํ‡ด์ง๊ธˆ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜๋‹น๋“ค๋„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Companies hiring prison labor also save on health insurance, retirement and other benefits.
๋ผ์Šค๋ฒ ๊ฐ€์Šค์—์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ 98๋งˆ์ผ์˜ ํฌ์žฅ ๋„๋กœ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ‰๊ท  53๋Œ€์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ UFO ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฐŒ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€์ง€ ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค์ฃผ ์šด์ˆ˜์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” 375๋ฒˆ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ E.T. ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.
A couple of hours north of Las Vegas, these desolate 98 miles of blacktop average 53 cars a day and so many UFO sightings that in February Nevada's Department of Transportation renamed 375 the Extraterrestrial Highway.
๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๊ด€๊ด‘์—…์ž๋“ค์€ ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ตฌ์„์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด UFO์™€ ์ดˆ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž‘๊ธˆ์˜ ์—ด๊ด‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ์–ด ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The Nevada tourism people hope this downsized corner of the state can cash in on the current mania for UFOs and all things paranormal.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํญ์Šค์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋ฌผ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
They've already got Twentieth Century Fox picking up most of the tab.
๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋กœ ํญ์Šค์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์•ก์…˜๋ฌผ์ธ "Independence Day"์˜ ํŒ์ด‰์— ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ์˜ํ™”๋Š” ์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ๋“ค์ด ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‰ด์š• ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํญํŒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๋‹ค.
In exchange, Fox used the event to promote its big action movie, "Independence Day," in which hostile aliens do the galaxy a favor by blowing up New York City.
๊ทธ ์˜ํ™”์˜ ๋ช‡ ์žฅ๋ฉด์€ E.T.
Some of the movie takes place around the E.T.
์ด ์˜ํ™”์—๋Š” ์Šคํ…”์Šค ํญ๊ฒฉ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜ค๋กœ๋ผ ์ฒฉ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๋„ฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ณต๊ตฐ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ 51๊ตฌ์—ญ๋„ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค.
It also makes reference to Area 51, part of Nellis Air Force Base, where the stealth bomber and Aurora spy plane were developed.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ UFOํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ„์žฅ๋œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
But UFO-logists say that's just the cover story:
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์™ธ๊ณ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ ์Šน๋ฌด์›๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค.
the government is actually housing an alien craft and crew here.
๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ์†์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, 51๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ง€์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜ ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ๋…์„ฑ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Back on planet Earth, half a dozen civilians who worked at Area 51 have sued the Defense Department, claiming hazardous waste on the site exposed them to harmful chemicals.
ํ•œ ๊ฑด์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค.
One case was dismissed, another is pending.
๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ž…์žฅ์€ 51๊ตฌ์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ํ™œ๋™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ€์ด๋ฉฐ ๋…ผ๋ž€์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
The official military line is that current activities in Area 51 are classified and cannot be discussed.
์™ธ๊ณ„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™์ง€์ ์€ ๋จผ์ง€ ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด์ธ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„ ๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ์ด๋‹ค.
Ground zero for astral travelers is the dusty hamlet of Rachel.
์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋ด‰์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰์ ‘์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ณณ์€ ๊ธฐ์ ์˜ ๋•…์ด๋‹ค.
To hard-core believers, as the folks with saucers in their eyes call themselves, this is their Lourdes:
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๋‚ด๋‹ค ํŒ” ์žฅ์‹ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฃฉํ•œ ๋•…์ด๋‹ค.
holy ground with trinkets for sale.
๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ์˜ Little A'Le'Inn ์—ฌ์ธ์ˆ™์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ ํŒจํŠธ ํŠธ๋ž˜๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ •๊ฑฐ์žฅ(์ž์‹ ์˜ ์—ฌ์ธ์ˆ™์„ ์นญํ•จ)์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋“œ๋‚˜๋“œ๋Š” ์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ์†๋‹˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ด๋ณ€์„ ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
At Rachel's Little A'Le'Inn , owner Pat Travis enthuses about the mystery guests who frequent her intergalactic way station.
"๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ณณ์— ์˜ค๋ฉด ์˜ฌ์ˆ˜๋ก ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋” ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
"The more people who come here, the better it'll be for our community."
์ฃผ์ง€์‚ฌ๋„ ์ด์— ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค:
And the governer agrees:
"๋งŒ์•ฝ E.T.๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„ ์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ณณ ๋„ค๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ์™”์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"If E.T. comes back, we'd like it to be here in Nevada.
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์ ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Most people, when they look to the skies, see friend or foe.
์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜จ ์ƒ์—… ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์ปค์Šค ํ”ผ์ฃผํ‹ฐ๋Š” 51๊ตฌ์—ญ์—๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์œจํ‘œ์— ์—†๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ๋™๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›๋Š” "๋ฐ˜ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋Œ€์†Œ๋ฉธ ์›์ž๋กœ"๊ฐ€ ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Marcus Pizzuti, a commercial artist who recently moved to Rachel believes Area 51 contains spacecraft with "antimatter annihilation reactors" powered by alien substances that are way off the periodic table.
ํ”ผ์ฃผํ‹ฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค.
Some might say the same about Pizzuti.
์‚ฌ์ด์ฝ”์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ๋„ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ๋ชจ์„ค ์ด๋ก ๊ฐ€ ์บ ๋ฒจ์€ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ ์œ ์ธ ํ•จ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” 25ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์˜ ํ•ญ์˜ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ง€์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋‹ค.
A conspiracy theorist who also goes by the name PsychoSpy, Campbell sent the governor a 25-page letter of protest against turning the area into a tourist trap.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์‚ฌ๊พผ๋“ค์ด 51๊ตฌ์—ญ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ์œ„์žฅ ๋ณด์•ˆ ๊ฒฝ๋น„๋Œ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋Œํ•  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
He worries that interlopers will run afoul of the camouflaged security guards who guard Area 51.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ 20 ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌํ™”๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ƒ‰ ์˜์žฅ์€ ์ •๋ณด์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
When narcotics officers raided Bobby Harris' houseย they found 20 marijuana plantsย The search warrant was based on informationย a PG&E meter showed higher-than-normal electric use,ย which could indicate the use of growing lamps.
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์กฐ์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ •์‹ ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ง‘์„ ์žƒ์€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
But Harris, who lost his house as a result, saysย the real issues are California's constitutional guarantee of privacy and the state's forfeiture law.
ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์œ ํ–‰์„ ์ •์ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ Š์€์ด๋“ค์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํก์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์ œ ๊ฐˆ๋ฃจ์•„์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง›์ด ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ’๋„ ํ•œ๊ฐ‘์— 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋” ์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Many smokers, especially young *trendsetters, have switched to French-made Gauloises, which they say are similar in taste and a dollar a pack cheaper.
๋ฏธ์ œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ „ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„ํšํ•œ ๋ฏธ์ œ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ถˆ๋งค์šด๋™์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ‘œ์ ์ด ๋ผ์™”๋‹ค.
American cigarettes, particularly Marlboros, have been the main target of a boycott of U.S.-made products organized several months ago by Palestinian activists.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ƒํ’ˆ ๋ถˆ๋งค์šด๋™์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์ง€์ง€์— ๋ถ„๋…ธํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋™์กฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด์™”๋‹ค.
The campaign has resonance among many Palestinians upset by what they see as Washingtonโ€™s one-sided support of Israel.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ ๋ช… ์ˆ˜์ถœํ’ˆ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”์ด์Šค์™€ ์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถˆ๋งค์šด๋™์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Two other famous American exports _ Leviโ€™s and Coca-Cola _ have largely escaped the sanctions.
๋ฆฌ๋ฐ”์ด์Šค๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์— 50๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ด ์—„๋‘๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
At more than $50 a pair, Leviโ€™s were out of reach for most Palestinians anyway.
์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณดํ‹€๋ง์„ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ์˜ ํ–‰์ • ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ธ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ๊ฐ• ์„œ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ผ๋ง๋ผ์—์„œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ฝ”์นด์ฝœ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋งค์šด๋™์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Coca-Cola is bottled in Ramallah _ the Palestinian administrative headquarters in the West Bank, meaning a boycott could endanger jobs.
๊ฑด์„ค ๋…ธ๋™์ž์ธ 24์„ธ์˜ ํŒŒ๋”” ์ˆ ๋ ˆ์ด๋งŒ์€ "๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ ๋ น์ผ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
``The United States is backing Israel to continue the occupation of our land,โ€™โ€™ said 24-year-old construction worker Fadi Suleiman.
์˜ˆ์ „ ์—๋Š” ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์› ๋˜ ์ˆ ๋ ˆ์ด๋งŒ๊ณผ ๊ทธ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด์ œ ๊ฐˆ๋ฃจ์•„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์šด๋‹ค.
The former Marlboro man and most of his buddies now smoke Gauloises.
๊ทธ๋Š” "์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ฒˆ ๋ถˆ๋งค์šด๋™์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๊ณ  ์นœ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋ง๋ถ™์˜€๋‹ค.
``Maybe the boycott will be a message to the Americans to open their eyes and stop being pro-Israeli.โ€™
์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ๊ฐ• ์„œ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ž์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 20๋Œ€์™€ 30๋Œ€ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํŠนํžˆ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํ˜ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Marlboro had always been the most popular cigarette in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, favored especially by Palestinian men in their 20s and 30s as a status symbol;
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
most Palestinian women don't smoke.
์ง์žฅ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์ „์šฉ ์ปคํ”ผ์ , ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์ ๋ น์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํˆฌ์„ ์‹œ์œ„ ๋“ฑ ๋‚จ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ฉด ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ์› ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ์˜€๋‹ค.
Wherever men gathered _ at work, for card games in all-male coffee shops or even at stone-throwing protests against Israeli occupation _ most smoked, and the brand of choice was Marlboro.
์ˆ˜๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ํŒ”๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ์ณ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋งŒ ํŒ”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์˜€๋‹ค.
The only exception was in prison in Israeli _ a *waystation for tens of thousands of Palestinians _ where only Israeli brands are available.
๋ฐ˜๋ฏธ ๊ฐ์ •์€ 1987-1993๋…„์— ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํญ๋™๊ณผ 1991๋…„ ๊ฑธํ”„์ „ ๋™์•ˆ ์ ˆ์ •์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฏธ ๋ถˆ๋งค์šด๋™์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ์ ์€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Anti-American sentiment has peaked in the past, during the first uprising from 1987-1993 and during the 1991 Gulf War, but never before has an anti-American boycott succeeded.
๋ง๋ณด๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋Š” ์•ฝ 1๋…„์ „ ๊ฐˆ๋ฃจ์•„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ๊ฐ• ์„œ์•ˆ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The sales of Marlboros appeared to begin declining in the West Bank about a year ago with the introduction of Gauloises.
1954๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ผ๋ง๋ผ ์ค‘์•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ด‘์žฅ์—์„œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ•ด์˜จ 60์„ธ์˜ ํ•˜์‚ฐ ์•Œ-์ž์ธ์€ 1๋…„์ „๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ 10๊ฐ‘์„ ํŒ”์•˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Hassan al-Zain, 60, who has been selling cigarettes in Ramallahโ€™s central Manara Square since 1954, said that only a year ago, he used to sell 10 packs of Marlboros a day.
์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋ฃจ์•„์Šค 10๊ฐ‘๊ณผ ๋ง๋ณด๋กœ 2๊ฐ‘์„ ํŒ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Now he is selling 10 packs of Gauloises and two packs of Marlboros.
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค๋„ ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Other vendors confirmed the trend.
๊ถค์–‘์น˜๋ฃŒ ์•Œ์•ฝ์„ ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๊ท€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์—?
Ulcer pills for warts?
์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Pharmaceutical manufacturers cannot promote such "off label" uses to physicians or to the public, since the drugs were not screened for those purposes.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ง์€ ์•ฝํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ์ด์ค‘์ ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
And because doctors still rely heavily on drug makers for information, many are unaware that many drugs do double duty.
์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ƒํ‘œ์— ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์ด ์ถœํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์–ธ๋ก  ๋งค์ฒด์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์งˆ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Researchers are free to publish papers on off-label uses, of course, but their findings rarely reach the lay media.
์–ด๋–ค ์•ฝํ’ˆ์˜ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋“ค์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค:
It is perfectly legal for doctors who discover or hear about a drug's off-label use to prescribe it;
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ํ•™ํ˜‘ํšŒ์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ „์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The American Medical Association says that off-label prescriptions account for up to half of all those written.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ›์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„ ๋‘˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Whether yours might be one of them is well worth knowing.
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
If so, your doctor and pharmacist should be able to justify the choice.
ํ•จ์ •์€ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์˜์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
The catch is that not all off-label uses have been thoroughly studied.
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์Šน์ธ์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ถค์–‘์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ผˆ์˜ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์—ํ‹ฐ๋“œ๋กœ๋„ค์ดํŠธ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Some have become accepted, among them antibiotics for certain ulcers and etidronate a drug that regulates bone metabolism
์–ด๋–ค ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ, ๋‘๋ช…์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Others are based on one doctor's experience with one or two patients.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์˜์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์ •๋œ ์˜์•ฝ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ–์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํšจ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ FDA์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
And because off-label uses bypass the lengthy clinical trials and the FDA's scrutiny for safety and efficacy that approved drugs must endure, their risks and side effects are open questions.
์˜ˆ๋ฅผ๋“ค์–ด, 13๋ช…์˜ ์ž„์‚ฐ๋ถ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜ ์•ˆ๊ธฐ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ˆํŠธ๋กœ๊ธ€๋ฆฌ์„ธ๋ฆฐ ๊ณ ์•ฝ์€ ์ถœ์‚ฐ ์ง„ํ†ต๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘์— ๋ณต๋ถ€์— ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ถœ์‚ฐ์„ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
A study of 13 pregnant women, for instance, suggested that a nitroglycerin patch normally used to prevent angina, delayed premature delivery when applied to the abdomen during preterm labor.
1987๋…„ ์˜ฌ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฆ ์—†๋Š” ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
In 1987, Orlow began prescribing the drug for children as a pain-free alternative to surgery.
์˜ฌ๋กœ์šฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฉ”ํ‹ฐ๋”˜์ด ์‚ฌ๋งˆ๊ท€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด ๋ฉด์—ญ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Orlow suspects that cimetidine helps rally the body's immune system against the viruses that cause warts.
๋งค์„œ์ธ„์„ธ์ธ  ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์ธ ํด๋กœ๋‹ˆ๋”˜์„ ์ฃผ์˜๋ ฅ ๊ฒฐํ•์ฆ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital prescribed clonidine, a hypertension drug, for children with a certain attention-deficit disorder.
์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์˜์•ฝ์€ ์ •๊ทœ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ผ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
John Paul Brady, professor emeritus of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, found that bethanechol
๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ฃผ ์–ดํ‹€๋žœํ‹ฑ ํ•˜์ด๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ํ”„๋žœ์‹œ์Šค ํŒจ๋น…์€ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋””์˜ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
Frances Pavick of Atlantic Highlands, N.J., calls Brady's unconventional approach "a miracle."
ํŒจ๋น…์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฒ ์‚ฌ๋„ค์ฝœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋А๋ผ ๊ณจ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฉ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค:
Nor has Pavick experienced headaches over paying for her bethanechol;
์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ •๋œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ชฉ์  ์ด์™ธ์˜ ์•ฝํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That is not always the case with off-label drugs.