text
stringlengths 222
548k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 95
values | url
stringlengths 14
1.08k
| file_path
stringlengths 110
155
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 53
113k
| score
float64 2.52
5.03
| int_score
int64 3
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In late 2010, the FDA approved the drug called Pradaxa (dabigatran); manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. Pradaxa is a blood thinner and is supposed to be prescribed to patients who suffer from the cardiac disorder atrial fibrillation.
Atrial Fibrillation is the most common form of abnormal heart rhythm. Patients who suffer from Atrial Fibrillation or A-Fib as doctors call it; have inconsistent electrical activity in their heart causing the upper chambers to beat irregularly and too frequently. As a result, the heart does not beat efficiently and blood can pool in the upper chambers. When blood pools, it can cause clots to form which increase the patient’s chance of suffering a debilitating stroke.
The use of blood thinners to treat patients with A-Fib is the standard of care in the medical community. Almost everyone knows a relative or friend who has taken Coumadin. Coumadin has been the “go-to” treatment for patients with A-Fib for many years. The problem with taking Coumadin is that patients must see their doctor frequently to have lab work done in order to monitor their blood clotting factors. Neither patients nor doctors like the need for very frequent blood work and vigilante monitoring of patient clotting factors.
Generally, the foremost risk for patients who take blood thinners is what happens when they have a bad accident or if they need emergency surgery. Since their blood does not clot normally, they run the risk of excessive and dangerous bleeding unless they receive emergency medical attention. Fortunately, for those on Coumadin, doctors can quickly and effectively reverse the blood thinning effect by administering Vitamin K or packed red blood cells. After this treatment, the patient can safely undergo surgery and life threatening bleeding can be controlled.
Pradaxa is significantly different than Coumadin in one very important aspect. It is impossible to emergently reverse the blood thinning effects of Pradaxa, until the drug has completely cleared the patient’s body. Therefore, if a patient who is on Pradaxa has a bad accident or needs emergency surgery, they are out of luck. Many will simply bleed to death and there’s nothing their doctors can do to stop it.
To compound the danger, it appears that physicians are prescribing Pradaxa for general anticoagulation and not just to treat Atrial Fibrillation. This is commonly referred to as “OFF LABEL” use. The Institute for Safe Medication Practices has reported that doctors are prescribing Pradaxa for off label use twice as often as they are to reduce the risk of stroke. This off label use is likely related to the drug maker’s marketing efforts and oversimplification of the dangers for Pradaxa use.
In addition to the risk of irreversible, uncontrolled bleeding, evidence is developing that Pradaxa is even more dangerous in patients who have impaired Kidney function. Since Pradaxa is eliminated from, the body though the kidneys, if a patients kidneys are not working properly, abnormally high levels of Pradaxa can remain in the body. When this occurs, any bleed a patient suffers, even something as simple as an ulcer, can be life threatening.
Clinical researchers at the Cleveland Clinic have recently published the results of a study conducted on Pradaxa that reveals additional dangers associated with the drug’s use. Dr. Ken Uchino and Dr. Adrian Hernandez, at the Cleveland clinic, have reported that the risk of acute coronary syndrome (heart attack) is greatly increased in patients using Pradaxa.
Lastly, Pradaxa has a very short shelf life and must be used within 60 days after it is dispensed. Some pharmacists are very concerned that patients will use the drug after its expiration date. Even doctors who conducted the most recent scientific studies on Pradaxa have been quoted as saying that they were completely unaware of the fact the drug expired so soon after being dispensed.
Pradaxa’s manufacturer disputes the results of the Cleveland Clinic study, as well as all the other dangerous finding being linked to the drug:
“We have done the analysis and feel there is still a very favorable risk/benefit profile for the drug as prescribed in clinical practice,” said the company spokesman, Dr. John Smith.
The view of the “risk/benefit” analysis from a drug maker’s perspective is usually starkly different than the risks a patient or their physicians are willing to take with a patient’s health or mortality.
Before you take this drug, ask your doctor about the risks and always read the warning labels very carefully.
|
<urn:uuid:c810b29b-303f-4051-899e-8f0c87fdfb84>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-50
|
https://searcymasstort.com/blog/riskbenefit-analysis-of-pradaxa-too-much-risk-for-patients/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141515751.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130222609-20201201012609-00441.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95686 | 977 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The legal aspects of the ownership and use of lunar and other extraterrestrial resource, such as asteroids, and their implications for endeavours of this sort are important in considering how space development may proceed. The law will have an influence on such efforts, particularly if they are private and commercial, as the nature of ownership will directly influence how they can be used and sold.
The dawning of the Space Age in 1957 with the flight of Sputnik 1 and the International Geophysical Year of 1957/58 focussed thoughts on the need for a legal regime to manage and regulate space activities. The United Nations was quickly recognised as the most appropriate forum for drawing up the principles involved. An important influence on this developing body of legal principles was the Antarctic Treaty System, which viewed Antarctica as a pristine wilderness that needed to be preserved. Outer space was seen in a similar way.
After a series of UN resolutions setting out initial principles in the early sixties, the Outer Space Treaty (1) was enacted in 1967 and is the most important legislation in this area. Article 1 refers to outer space as the “common province” of all mankind. This concept is continued in Article 2, which states that outer space, including the Moon and all other celestial bodies (apart from the Earth of course!) cannot be owned or appropriated by any nation state. The prohibition set out in Article 2 includes ownership by way of occupation; for example simply occupying a site on the Moon, as in a base or station, does not of itself confer rights of ownership.
The Treaty envisages bases being built on the Moon or Mars, for instance, but says that other nations will have the right, subject to reasonable notice, to inspect them. So, if a company builds a mine on the Moon with some secret commercial processes, it has to allow other people in to inspect. These obligations apply to companies or individuals of state parties to the Treaty, as the Treaty makes nation states responsible for the actions of their citizens and legal persons (such as companies) while they are in space.
The Outer Space Treaty was ratified by a large number of countries and is considered an important source of legal principles that apply to space, principles that are likely to be long lasting and very influential.
To some countries, the Outer Space Treaty did not go far enough. The developing nations were concerned that if the space faring nations (which were of course powerful, developed nations) utilised the resources to be found in space, they would be left even further behind. After much negotiation, in 1979 a further UN treaty known as the Moon Agreement (2) was enacted that sought to advance these issues.
As well as repeating the prohibition on ownership of territory in outer space, the Moon Agreement goes further by prohibiting the ownership of any of the substance of a celestial body, such as the Moon’s regolith or the minerals to be found in asteroids. Instead, it proposes an international regime that would administer and regulate the exploitation of the resources of outer space. These resources are, according to the Moon Agreement, the “common heritage of mankind”, a concept that requires the exploitation of outer space resources to be for the benefit of all humanity and in particular developing countries which are not in a position at present to directly explore the Moon or other parts of space.
Other Articles in the Moon Agreement require that those exploring space must take measures to avoid the disruption of the “existing balance” of the environment of the Moon, or other parts of outer space.
This is a profoundly different approach than the simply exploitative and as a result the Moon Agreement was not ratified by any of the space faring nations. The USA felt that it was too “socialist” and the Soviet Union disliked the concept of the common heritage, fearing it too similar to a concept of “inheritance” and the wealth this implied. As a result, the international regime it sought to instigate was never taken any further. This unfinished legal regime complicates the position for companies interested in the exploration and even exploitation of space, as they have no clearly enforceable rights of ownership to whatever they find or use.
These Treaties were drawn up in a time when access to space was the preserve of nation states. Now private enterprise seeks to push back the final frontier. In the USA, this has prompted fresh legislation, including the SPACE Act (3). Headlines have been written suggesting the SPACE Act entitles individuals and companies to claim territorial rights to asteroids or parts of the Moon. This is misleading. The Act supports, within the context of the USA’s domestic law, claims by US citizens and companies to rights to extraterrestrial resources, but makes it clear that this is subject to the USA’s international obligations, for example under the Outer Space Treaty.
Earth bound precedents can help us consider how Space Law might move forward. The Antarctic Treaty System, a forerunner for Space Law in this area, has been successful in halting commercial development in its jurisdiction. Yet do these same concerns of preservation apply quite so clearly on the Moon or to asteroids? A closer analogy is the law of the deep seabed, where the common heritage of mankind principle is relevant as well. The deep seabed could be a source of mineral resources, in a way that is reminiscent of hopes for minerals from asteroids or the Moon. The International Seabed Authority administers this legal regime and its history could provide insights into how Space Law in this area might develop.
If either countries or companies are seeking to use and exploit the resources of space, these legal issues will have to be looked at again to ensure they have the rights to do so and indeed recently the American government has shown an interest in doing so. Unless we are content to see a tragedy of the commons (4) in space or a lawless free for all, the rule of law is going to be important in ensuring the enormous investment required is safeguarded.
The full name for the Outer Space Treaty is the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. See http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/introouterspacetreaty.html
The full name for the Moon Agreement is the Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies. See http://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/spacelaw/treaties/intromoon-agreement.html
The full name for the SPACE Act is the Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship (SPACE) Act of 2015. See https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-114hr2262enr/html/BILLS-114hr2262enr.htm
“The tragedy of the commons” is a scenario referred to by economists. An illustration of this, considered in the nineteenth century, involves an area of common land on which cattle may graze. Each herder, acting rationally, would be inclined to add additional cattle to his herd to gain more from grazing on the land. If all the herders do this, in time the land involved would be overexploited, to the detriment of all. The point is of general application in a wide range of contexts, including the oceans, the atmosphere, the seabed, and so forth.
|
<urn:uuid:6d08da32-370b-431c-97bc-cacd34a7e015>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
http://blog.the-brights.net/2017/05/01/space-law-and-extraterrestrial-resources-who-owns-the-moon/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655886865.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20200705023910-20200705053910-00142.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949528 | 1,539 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Carotid Sinus Reflex
Carotid Sinus Reflex: This is reflexes that cause the widening or dilation of the carotid artery and is also referred to as a carotid bulb signifying the artery swelling at a specific point or near the location on the neck where a person’s collar would normally sit.
The carotid artery entails numerous receptors and nerve endings that are sensitive and which observes pressure. The homeostatic balance and blood pressure level are two main tasks of the carotid sinus reflexes in the carotid artery. Whenever this area becomes over motivated due to pressure or overstimulation this area creates impulses that are transmitted and affects heart beat or bradycardia as well as the normal blood pressure levels. This causes vasodilatation or the increasing in arterial circumference and can result in light headedness, disorientation and dizziness might also occur.
|
<urn:uuid:1f3bae5c-15c3-4fe5-b0a2-fa402e6e9cac>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-48
|
http://medicaldictionary.net/carotid-sinus-reflex.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386163047214/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204131727-00083-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913675 | 188 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Willow Enclosures – Volunteers continue to maintain willow enclosures along Spring Creek in order to protect them for over browsing by deer. Due to the success of the willow growth the fencing has been removed on most of the mature willow trees in 2018.
Aspen Enclosure– In 2010 Teller installed 5 separate Aspen enclosure to protect Aspens form impacts from white tailed deer. With financial assistance from the NRCS, 15 volunteers and a local fence contractor installed the first aspen enclosure in 2010. Not only has the project benefited the aspens and riparian vegetation, but a host of neo-tropical songbirds that migrate through Montana who depend on healthy riparian systems. Today 5 healthy stands of Aspens thrive on the Teller. Other locations have been identified for future fence protection. .
Upland Enclosures– Five individual ½ acre fence enclosures were installed in 2010 to promote shrub establishment. Lacking within Tellers grassland habitats, shrubs provide important food ( berries) sources as well as critical escape cover for ground dwelling birds. The most successful shrub establishment was Golden Current followed by Woods Rose. While supplemental watering was necessary for the first few summers, today the plans are thriving on their own. In 2018, Teller plans on planting up to 120 additional shrubs in the enclosures as a component of the Pollinator project.
Riparian Electric Fence– Teller completed a 4.5-acre state-of-the-art electric fence enclosure in 2007. The fence allows natural regeneration to occur, while volunteers planted 100 native trees and shrubs in the enclosure to attract migrating songbirds dependent upon healthy riparian systems. Today the fence remains intact with remarkable recovery results
Gird Creek Restoration
Teller finished restoring approximately a mile of fisheries habitat on Gird Creek in spring 2008, resulting in improved trout reproduction, growth and survival. Local school groups and university students utilize the creek for fish counts and other biological research. Today Gird creek continues to flourish with annual benefits from new seedlings and riparian establishment along the restored shorelines.
Goose Nesting Platforms
Stationed throughout the property, 10 goose nesting platforms (many of which are made as a Boy Scout Eagle project), are cleaned and stocked with clean straw every spring. All Teller goose nesting platforms are routinely inhabited every spring.
The Thomas Pond project restored an existing gravel pond in the spring of 2007 by deepening one-half of the pond, while establishing a shallow emergent marsh complex in the other half. Steep banks were naturalized through re-contouring and planting of a native grass mix. Two nesting islands were constructed, including the installation of two large logs for perching habitat, and native wetland vegetation was planted. Rainbow trout have been periodically added to the pond for fly fishing educational purposes.
Weed Management Program
A growing problem on a national scale, invasive plant management is an ongoing challenge. Teller adopted an integrated weed management plan in 2005, and is committed to aggressively managing this labor intensive and expensive effort. Today Teller utilizes a host of weed control techniques , including, bio control, herbicide, mechanical and occasional use of livestock.
Approximately 150 acres of wetlands have been enhanced and restored to provide open water for a host of migratory birds. Each fall/winter hundreds of geese and thousands of ducks (sometimes over 5,000!), stopover at Teller wetlands during their migration route. Tellers wetland restoration projects were funded by the North American Wetlands Conservation Act and U.S.D.A Farm Bill programs. Restoration techniques include replacement of water control structures, removal of dense cattail stands and installation of water conveyance systems.
Wildlife-Friendly Agriculture Program
When Otto purchased the Teller properties, much of the land had been under agricultural production and had been intensively grazed and tilled for crops. He sought to continue the agricultural heritage, but implemented sustainable farming practices that would restore the land and water resources and emphasize wildlife-friendly practices. Teller continues its wildlife-friendly agriculture program with contract farmer Bob Gingerich. Corn, millet, milo, wheat, canola, alfalfa and barley have been planted and irrigated on over 125 acres. Only portions of the alfalfa and barley are harvested for sale with the remainder of all the crops left standing for wildlife.
Pollinator Pilot Project
In partnership with NRCS Teller was approved for a 10 acre Honey Bee Pollinator Initiative project in 2018. The project will involve converting 10 acres of Teller agricultural land into a mixture of grasses and flowering plants intended to attract pollinators, including bees, moths, and butterfly’s. This will in turn benefit insect eating birds such as pheasant chicks at a critical period of their lives.
Teller has and continues to promote the establishment of Showy Milkweed. Used exclusively by Monarch Butterflies this plant provides the leaves where eggs are deposited and ultimately the food source for growing monarch caterpillars. Teller is partnering with NRCS to test new methods of Milkweed propagation including growing plants form seeds stock as well as relocating Milkweed rhizomes in the spring to new areas where milkweed plant establishment is desired.
Wood Duck Nesting Boxes/Tubes
The nesting boxes and tubes provide protection for the ducks from natural predators. Approximately 12 wood duck boxes and 6 duck nesting tubes were placed on Teller in 2008, with assistance from Teller volunteers and Corvallis Middle School science students. Led by volunteer, Jim Hamilton, a group of volunteers built and installed 6 new wood duck nesting boxes in 2014. The success of the wood duck boxes is monitored annually with maintenance of the nest structures as needed. The boxes have been used by Wood ducks, Hooded Mergansers and Buffleheads as well as Norther Flickers and unfortunately starlings.
|
<urn:uuid:85031605-135d-4600-847e-7dd89907a5a6>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://www.tellerwildlife.org/current-projects
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986653247.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014124230-20191014151730-00268.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941068 | 1,207 | 2.546875 | 3 |
- The definition of a pleat is a stitched down double fold in a piece of fabric.
An example of a pleat is the folded fabric in a kilt.
- Pleat is defined as to press and stitch down double folds in a piece of fabric.
An example of pleat is sewing the double folds in a school girl's skirt.
Origin of pleatMiddle English pleten, variant, variety of playten: see plait
transitive verbpleat·ed, pleat·ing, pleats
Origin of pleatMiddle English plet, variant of plait, pleat, fold; see plait.
- (sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.
- (botany) A fold in an organ, usually a longitudinal fold in a long leaf such as that of palmetto, lending it stiffness.
- A plait.
(third-person singular simple present pleats, present participle pleating, simple past and past participle pleated)
|
<urn:uuid:496f644f-ee4e-4947-9fe3-de3f85453fac>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-14
|
http://www.yourdictionary.com/pleat
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131300472.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172140-00197-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.863357 | 252 | 3.375 | 3 |
Biographical Database of NAWSA Suffragists, 1890-1920
Biography of Evelyn Belden, 1848-1921
By Susan R. Cloud, Carrie Chapman Catt Center for Women and Politics, Iowa State University
Evelyn Belden (October 31, 1848-November 17, 1921) of Sioux City, Iowa, served three terms at the president of the Iowa Equal Suffrage Association, from 1898-1901.
Belden was born in Holland, New York. She married Winfield Scott Belden, an officer in the Iowa Cavalry during the Civil War, on October 30, 1873, in Jackson, Iowa. The 1900 Federal Manuscript Census listed the couple residing at 1107 Pierce St. in Sioux City, noting that their only child, Howard, then 24, and three boarders lived with them.
In 1898, Belden headed a legislative committee and lobbied at the Iowa state capital to secure a joint resolution for the submission of a suffrage amendment. The resolution lost in the House by 50 votes for and 47 votes against, one vote short of a constitutional majority (one vote more than half of the number of members). It did not come to a vote in the Senate. In 1900, she again campaigned for the amendment. In spite of strong support in both House and Senate committees, it again lost in the House, this time by 44 votes for and 55 votes against. It subsequently passed the "sifting committee," for the first time in the history of suffrage legislation in Iowa. It was then voted upon by the Senate and lost by 24 votes for and 23 votes against, lacking two votes for a constitutional majority. It was thought that the absence of some of the friends of the measure due to illness contributed to the loss.
Belden spoke on "Women and War" at the National American Woman Suffrage Association convention of 1899, after visiting the U.S. Army's Camp Thomas at Chickamauga, Georgia, home base of the 52nd Iowa Volunteers, in the fall of 1898. Noting that there were no women on the War Investigating Commission, Belden presented a scathing report of the conditions she saw there, saying, "It is said that suffragists do not know how to keep house. If so, the men who managed the war must all be suffragists." She spoke again at the 1904 NAWSA convention.
Belden and her husband are buried in Arlington Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia.
Mullenbach, Cheryl. "Iowa History, Iowa Soldier's Mom Investigates." July 2, 2016. Accessed online at http://iowawatch.org/2016/07/02/iowa-soldiers-mom-investigates.
|
<urn:uuid:0121c220-8b48-4ba6-b1b3-b580085103c2>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://documents.alexanderstreet.com/d/1009656401
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986666959.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016090425-20191016113925-00490.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957313 | 567 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Gas pains are caused by bacteria breaking down carbohydrates in your intestines, creating a gas build up. If you are not able to expel the gas, the pain can worsen, leading to cramping, sweating and bloating. Relieving gas pains can be temporary or a change in habits. Find out how to get rid of gas pains.
Method 1 of 4: Acute Gas Pain Treatments
1Stop consuming carbonated beverages immediately. These can cause bloating and gas pains easily. Replacing your soda or beer with water may start to reduce the symptoms quickly.Ad
2Stop eating for a short period of time. Consume smaller meals until the symptoms subside.
3Stop smoking. Smoking can cause the extra consumption of air, which leads to gas pains.
4Go for a walk. Light exercise can help move food through your digestive tract more quickly.
5Drink peppermint or chamomile tea. A warm cup of tea can ease several kinds of stomach discomfort, including gas pains.
6Take antacids or activated charcoal tablets. This may start to relieve gas pains within a few hours.Ad
Method 2 of 4: Change your Diet
1Decide if your pain, and other pains, have started after consuming dairy or wheat products. Your symptoms could be the result of a lactose or gluten intolerance.
- If this could be the case, discuss an elimination based diet with your doctor. Do not start this diet by yourself, but under the direction of a professional, who can assure you get your necessary nutrients during the diet period.
2Reduce the amount of high fiber foods in your diet. If you are trying to increase the fiber in your diet, it is possible that failure to change your diet slowly can cause large increases in gas.
- Replace 1 food with high fiber food each week, allowing your digestive system to adapt to the new foods. For example, if you want to eat more vegetables, reduce the carbohydrates or protein by 1/4 to 1/2 and replace it with vegetables, rather than replacing the entire carb with vegetables.
3Reduce the number of fried and fatty foods you consume. These foods stay in the digestive tract longer, causing more gas.
4Drink plenty of water. Increasing your water intake while trying to reduce gas-causing foods will help to flush the item out of your digestive system, so that you experience fewer gas pains.Ad
Method 3 of 4: Preventative Treatments
1Eat yogurt. Active probiotic cultures help to control gas and gas pains, if eaten daily. Try eating at least 3 Tbsp. (44ml) of active live cultures (yogurt) each day.
2Reduce the amount of air you swallow. If your diet has not changed, but you are experiencing gas pains, it is likely that you have swallowed air in addition to your drink or food.
- Do not use straws when you drink sodas. These allow you to swallow small amounts of air along with the beverage you are drinking, which can cause discomfort in your digestive system.
- Eat your food slowly. After taking a bite, close your mouth and chew. Some people gulp and inhale air that causes gas pains.
- Check to see if your dentures are loose. This can lead to swallowing air during meals and throughout the day.
3Take Beano right before you eat a meal, if you are going to consume high fiber foods. This will work to reduce gas only if taken at the correct time. Beano is an enzyme-based product.
4Take a lactase enzyme when you consume dairy. If you are lactose intolerant, you need extra lactase to digest the lactose sugar in milk and cheese.
5Reduce stress in your life. A stressful or nervous feeling is known to cause digestive problems, such as diarrhea or constipation, which are often associated with gas pains. Remove yourself from a stressful situation and engage in a calm, mindful activity.Ad
Method 4 of 4: Get a Physical
1Recognize if gas pains are a recurring problem in your life. If so, they can be the sign of a more serious problem. You should seek help from a doctor.
- Heart disease is a concern for people with recurring gas pains. Approximately 935,000 people in America have a heart attack every year, so you should be tested thoroughly for this common condition.
- Gallstones and appendicitis can also be a cause of gas pains. These conditions can cause sharp pains in the abdomen that are similar to gas pains. In some cases, surgery may be necessary.
2Call your doctor immediately if you have a fever, chest pains, vomiting, weight loss or bloody stools.
3Make an appointment with your doctor. Ensure you get a physical examination and blood tests.Ad
We could really use your help!
Things You'll Need
- Peppermint/chamomile tea
- Activated charcoal tablets
- Lactase enzyme
Categories: Intestinal and Digestive Health
In other languages:
Español: deshacerse del dolor causado por los gases, Português: Tratar Dores Causadas pelos Gases, Italiano: Sbarazzarsi dei Dolori Intestinali, Deutsch: Schmerzhafte Blähungen loswerden, Русский: избавиться от боли из за газов, Français: se débarrasser des douleurs dues aux flatulences, 中文: 摆脱胃胀气, Čeština: Jak se zbavit nadýmání, Bahasa Indonesia: Meredakan Perut Kembung
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 593,297 times.
|
<urn:uuid:13ed18b1-c005-4979-8287-9e18b89a92ff>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-27
|
http://www.wikihow.com/Get-Rid-of-Gas-Pains
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375095273.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00232-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.905409 | 1,246 | 2.515625 | 3 |
At high temperatures, currently available cast stainless steel alloys used for engine component applications do not have the long-term stability of their original castings, and are lacking in their ability to resist deformation and cracking from extreme temperature changes. There is a need for high-strength, oxidation-resistant, and crack-resistant cast alloys for use in internal combustion engine components such as exhaust manifolds and turbocharger housings, gas-turbine engine components such as combustor housings, and other components that must function in extreme environments for prolonged periods of time.
Current materials used for these applications are limited by oxidation and corrosion resistance as well as by strength at high temperatures and detrimental effects of aging. Specifically, current exhaust manifold materials — such as high silicon and molybdenum cast ductile iron (Hi–Si–Mo), and austenitic ductile iron (Ni-resist) — must be replaced by cast stainless steels when used for more severe applications such as higher operating temperatures, or when longer operating lifetimes are demanded due to increased warranty coverage.
The currently commercially available cast stainless steels include ferritic stainless steels such as NHSR-F5N, or austenitic stainless steels such as NHSR-A3N, CF8C, and CN-12. These currently available cast stainless steels are deficient in terms of tensile and creep strength at temperatures exceeding 600 °C, do not provide adequate cyclic oxidation resistance for temperatures exceeding 700 °C, do not provide sufficient room temperature ductility either as-cast or after service exposure and aging, do not have the requisite long-term stability of the original microstructure, and lack long-term resistance to cracking during severe thermal cycling.
The corrosion-resistant grade of cast austenitic stainless steel, CN-12, is in commercial use for automotive applications, but is not optimized for extended-service applications (e.g. diesel applications). Currently commercially available CN-12 austenitic stainless steel includes about 25 wt.% chromium, 13 wt.% nickel, and smaller amounts of carbon, nitrogen, niobium, silicon, manganese, molybdenum, and sulfur. The addition of sulfur is considered essential or desirable for machinability from the cast material. The amount of added sulfur ranges from 0.11 wt.% to 0.15 wt.%.
The present invention may be characterized as a heat-resistant and cast, corrosion-resistant austenitic stainless steel alloy that comprises from about 0.2 wt.% to about 0.5 wt.% carbon, from about 2.0 wt.% to about 10 wt.% manganese, and less than about 0.03 wt.% sulfur.
At a cost comparable to currently available alloys, the enhanced properties of these new alloys will enable manufacturers to produce parts that can operate at high temperatures and extreme temperature changes while providing superior performance, reliability, and durability. These alloys will also help manufacturers meet emission regulations for diesel, turbine, and gasoline engine applications. A significant benefit to consumers is that manufacturers will be able to reduce the weight of engines by using designs that are thinner than those used for conventional materials, resulting in increased fuel efficiency. In addition, although these alloys are aimed at the production of engine components, they could be used for other applications as well.
|
<urn:uuid:301262aa-32de-4ec4-b481-4efcb1eb8119>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/techbriefs/materials/27064
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986684425.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20191018181458-20191018204958-00256.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.923485 | 698 | 2.671875 | 3 |
As children across the U.S. return to school campuses this month and next, education officials worry about their capacity to handle the increased mental health needs of students brought on or exacerbated by the pandemic.
“Nearly all students have experienced some challenges to their mental health and well-being during the pandemic,” the U.S. Department of Education writes in a report released in June. The agency suggests some groups of children have been impacted more than others.
During the pandemic, girls were more likely than boys to say they felt anxious and depressed, according to a study of children in multiple regions of the world. Meanwhile, another study spotlights a growing number of U.S. kids aged 12-17 years going to hospital emergency rooms for suspected suicide attempts.
During the pandemic, girls were more likely than boys to say they felt anxious and depressed, according to a study of children in multiple regions of the world.
High school athletes in the U.S. differed in their responses to COVID-19 and the resulting school closures, with students who played team sports such as soccer and softball reporting higher rates of moderate-to-severe anxiety than students who played individual sports such as running and tennis, a study published earlier this year shows.
From our Partners
We elaborate on those and other findings below.
Even before the pandemic, many elementary, middle and high schools lacked the mental health professionals they needed, as organizations such as the National Association of School Psychologists and American School Counselor Association have pointed out for years.
The National Association of School Psychologists recommends a ratio of one school psychologist for every 500 students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. But education officials generally do not follow that guidance.
Across the country, the average ratio is one school psychologist per 1,211 kids, according to an analysis the association released earlier this year. Preliminary data for the 2019-2020 school year indicate the number varies considerably across states, with some states reporting an average student-to-school psychologist ratio exceeding 10,000:1.
Schools also fall far short of the student-to-school counselor ratio of 250:1 recommended by the American School Counselor Association. During the 2019-20 academic year, the nationwide average was one counselor per 424 students, an analysis from that organization shows.
Education officials have spoken out about the need for additional resources to help students. Almost 70% of the school administrators the National Association of Elementary School Principals surveyed in December said they do not have sufficient staff to meet the demand for mental health-related services.
Some states have decided to use part of their federal COVID-19 relief funding to hire additional mental health professionals. For example, the Oklahoma State Department of Education recently awarded almost $36 million in grants to allow 181 school districts to hire school counselors, licensed social workers and other mental health professionals.
Nevada set aside $7.5 million to hire 100 school-based mental health professionals, reports The 74, a news outlet that covers education issues nationwide. Connecticut also will “expand mental health supports” for students with a portion of its relief funds, the Hartford Courant reports.
To help journalists investigate the pandemic’s impact on child health, we’ve gathered and summarized several studies published in 2021 or 2020. Most look at the prevalence of mental health issues such as depression, suicidal thoughts, eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder in kids amid the pandemic. We also included papers examining COVID-19’s impact on the mental health of specific groups of students, including high school athletes.
The prevalence of mental health issues
Global Prevalence of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Children and Adolescents During COVID-19: A Meta-analysis
Nicole Racine, et al. JAMA Pediatrics, August 2021.
To get a clearer understanding of how common depression and anxiety were among children during the first year of the coronavirus pandemic, researchers analyzed data they collected from 29 studies conducted in various parts of the world. A key takeaway: Of the combined 80,879 kids who participated in the studies, about 1 in 4 had symptoms of depression and about 1 in 5 had symptoms of anxiety.
The researchers suggest those rates are higher than before the pandemic. They point to a 2019 study of U.S. adolescents that finds 12.9% had major depression at that time and a 2019 study of Finnish adolescents that finds 11.6% had moderate symptoms of anxiety.
“Depressive symptoms, which include feelings of sadness, loss of interest and pleasure in activities, as well as disruption to regulatory functions such as sleep and appetite, could be elevated during the pandemic as a result of social isolation due to school closures and physical distancing requirements,” researchers write in the journal JAMA Pediatrics. “Generalized anxiety symptoms in youth manifest as uncontrollable worry, fear, and hyperarousal. Uncertainty, disruptions in daily routines, and concerns for the health and well-being of family and loved ones during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely associated with increases in generalized anxiety in youth.”
The study indicates some groups of children were more likely than others to develop symptoms of depression and anxiety.
The researchers learned that “the prevalence of clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were higher in studies collected later in the pandemic and in girls.” They write that older children also were more likely to exhibit symptoms than younger ones, a trend that “may be due to puberty and hormonal changes in addition to the added effects of social isolation and physical distancing on older children who particularly rely on socialization with peers.”
It’s worth noting that 16 of the 29 studies included focused on eastern Asia. Six were from North America, four were from Europe and two were from Central America and South America. The remaining study focused on kids in the Middle East.
Mental Health–Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 1-October 17, 2020
Rebecca T. Leeb; et al. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, November 2020.
This report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention looks at how often children went to hospital emergency rooms for mental health-related issues from Jan. 1, 2020 to Oct. 17, 2020.
Researchers discovered that the number of times children went to emergency rooms for mental health-related issues fell from mid-March 2020 through early April 2020, when shelter-in-place orders were in effect. The number then rose steadily through October 2020.
Even though the number of mental health-related visits initially dropped, the proportion of all child emergency room visits that were for mental health-related issues rose sharply beginning in the spring of 2020.
From mid-March into October, the proportion increased 24% among children aged 5-11 years and 31% among those aged 12-17 years, compared with the same period in 2019. For children aged 4 years and younger, the proportion of mental health-related visits remained similar both years.
“Emergency departments (EDs) are often the first point of care for children experiencing mental health emergencies, particularly when other services are inaccessible or unavailable,” the authors of the paper write.
The authors examined emergency room data from a subset of hospitals in 47 states representing nearly three-quarters of emergency room visits nationwide. They find that although the number of mental health-related visits to emergency rooms dropped, the proportion of pediatric emergency room visits that were for mental health-related reasons rose, especially among kids aged 12-17 years.
Kids in that age group accounted for the biggest share of children’s mental health-related visits in both 2019 and 2020. For them, the highest rate of emergency room visits for mental health occurred in April 2020. In one week in April, hospitals recorded 4,758 visits for mental health reasons for every 100,000 total pediatric emergency room visits.
For children aged 5-11 years, the rate was highest in October 2020, when emergency rooms recorded 1,177 mental health-related visits for every 100,000 total pediatric visits.
Emergency Department Visits for Suspected Suicide Attempts Among Persons Aged 12-25 Years Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, January 2019-May 2021
Ellen Yard; et al. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, June 2021.
This report from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention examines trends in emergency room visits for suspected suicide attempts among people aged 12-25 years at three distinct phases of the pandemic — spring 2020, summer 2020 and winter 2021.
Researchers discovered that people aged 12-25 years made fewer trips to the emergency room for suspected suicide attempts in the spring of 2020 than they had during the same period in 2019. In May 2020, however, the number of visits for suspected suicide attempts began to rise among kids aged 12-17 years, especially girls.
In the summer of 2020 — defined as July 26, 2020 to Aug. 22, 2020 for the purposes of this study — the weekly average for girls aged 12-17 years was 26.2% higher than it had been during the same period in 2019. For boys in that age group, such visits increased 10.8%.
In the winter of 2021 — defined as Feb. 21, 2021 to March 20, 2021 — the weekly average for girls aged 12-17 years was 50.6% higher than the prior year. It was 3.7% higher for boys of the same age.
The researchers indicate they are unsure how much of the increase is due to parents and guardians being more aware of the mental health of kids in their household.
“By spending more time at home together with young persons, adults might have become more aware of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and thus been more likely to take their children to the ED [emergency department],” they write.
The researchers note the study has multiple limitations, including the fact that the data analyzed is not nationally representative. They obtained information from the CDC’s National Syndromic Surveillance Program, which collects data from about 71% of U.S. emergency rooms in 49 states.
The researchers also point out the data likely do not capture all suspected suicide attempts. They “likely underrepresent the true prevalence of suspected suicide attempts because persons with less severe injuries might be less likely to seek emergency care during the pandemic when many persons avoided medical settings to reduce the risk for contracting COVID-19.”
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Number of Adolescents/Young Adults Seeking Eating Disorder-Related Care
Jessica A. Lin; et al. Journal of Adolescent Health, forthcoming.
To better understand eating disorders among adolescents and young adults during the pandemic, the authors examine data from an eating disorders program generally serving patients aged 8 to 26 years at Boston Children’s Hospital.
The authors note that social isolation and disruptions in routines and medical treatment — all of which have been common during the pandemic — can contribute to eating disorders among people in this age group. They find that after the onset of COVID-19, inpatient admissions increased at the eating disorders program as did patient and parent inquiries. Prior to the pandemic, patient volume had remained stable.
“Anecdotally, the multiple hospitals that provide inpatient ED [eating disorder] care in our area also reported increased admissions,” write the authors, led by Jessica A. Lin, a physician and assistant professor at Harvard Medical School.
They add that an Australian study published earlier this year finds a similar increase in hospital admissions for anorexia nervosa among patients under age 16 amid COVID-19.
“In our clinical experience,” Lin and her colleagues write, “many patients report that their ED symptoms began or worsened soon after the pandemic started, consistent with growing literature describing worsening ED symptomatology during this time. Our findings may represent increased incidence, prevalence, and/or acuity of EDs during the COVID-19 pandemic.”
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Young People: Systematic Review
Catherine Cunning and Matthew Hodes. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, June 2021.
In this paper, researchers review six studies that explore the link between COVID-19 and symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in children and young adults under the age of 21.
All but one of the studies indicate COVID-19 prompted an increase in (OCD) symptoms in young people.
All but one of the studies indicate COVID-19 prompted an increase in symptoms in young people. The remaining study indicates an improvement in symptoms, but is based on a sample of just 29 children and adolescents in Israel.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, commonly referred to as OCD, “is a common, chronic, and long-lasting disorder in which a person has uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and/or behaviors (compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over,” according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Common obsessions and compulsions include fear of germs, excessive cleaning and repeatedly checking and counting.
The researchers explain there are several hypotheses as to why COVID-19 might worsen OCD symptoms. For example, they write that the “emphasis on handwashing and the cleaning of surfaces in government guidelines, the media and in day-to-day life may have increased perceptions of threat and responsibility in people with OCD, therefore exacerbating cleaning compulsions and fear of contamination.”
They note stress also can exacerbate symptoms.
“Considering the stress and fear associated with the pandemic, it seems clear that the level of distress in society would impact on young people’s mental health,” they explain. “If anxiety and distress increase across the population of young people, they will also increase in those with OCD. OCD symptoms in particular would appear likely to be affected by this increased stress partially because there is evidence that stress can play a significant role in both aetiology and maintenance of OCD symptoms.”
Impacts on student groups
Mental Health, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life of US Adolescent Athletes During COVID-19–Related School Closures and Sport Cancellations: A Study of 13 000 Athletes
Timothy A. McGuine; et al. Journal of Athletic Training, January 2021.
The authors of this paper assert it is the first to assess the mental and physical health of high school athletes after the coronavirus outbreak, which forced many U.S. schools to close and cancel interscholastic sports. A national survey reveals that student athletes’ mental and physical health differed substantially depending on factors such as their sex, the sport they played, their grade level in school and the poverty level of the county where they lived.
In all, 13,002 high school athletes completed the anonymous online survey, conducted in May 2020. Of them, 52.9% were male, 70.2% lived in states in the Midwest and 87.2% attended public schools.
Among the main takeaways:
- High school seniors were more likely to indicate they exhibited symptoms of moderate-to-severe anxiety and moderate-to-severe depression than athletes in grades 9, 10 and 11. The authors offer a possible explanation: “Although we cannot definitively identify the specific underlying mechanism for this finding, it is possible that the loss of social connections due to school and sport cancellations were felt the most by older adolescent athletes,” they write. “Whereas younger student-athletes may be able to envision continuing their careers in upcoming school years, seniors were confronted with the fact that their high school and scholastic sport experiences had suddenly ended.”
- Students who played team sports such as soccer and softball reported a higher prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety than did athletes who played individual sports such as running and tennis. It’s possible, the authors write, that individual sport athletes were able to keep playing when social distancing restrictions were put in place and, therefore, the pandemic might have affected them to a lesser extent.
- Athletes from counties with the highest poverty levels reported the highest prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and moderate-to-severe depression. They also reported lower levels of physical activity. The authors point out that cancelling school sports “may have a differential effect on the health of athletes depending on their level of poverty. Whereas the mechanisms are speculative, our results nonetheless suggest that moving forward, we should prioritize increased access to physical activity and sports for these adolescents.”
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Students From 2 Semi-Rural High Schools in Georgia
Julie Gazmararian; et al. Journal of School Health, May 2021.
This paper provides insights into how COVID-19 affected teen mental health in one part of Georgia and the strategies kids used to cope with their feelings after local public schools closed in March 2020.
The researchers surveyed students at two high schools in northcentral Georgia where almost half of students were racial or ethnic minorities and more than 40% of students qualified to receive free or reduced-price meals at school based on their household incomes. A combined 761 students completed the online survey, which ran from March 30, 2020 to May 8, 2020.
Many students — 47% — said they were worried they or someone in their family would get COVID-19 and 16% indicated a family member or close friend already had been infected. But minority students were more likely than white students to express serious worries about the pandemic.
Girls were more likely than boys to say they worried about the pandemic and felt depressed, lonely or stressed.
Students indicated they dealt with their feelings in various ways. Nearly 70% said listening to music was their go-to means of coping with pandemic-related stress, fear and anxiety. Meanwhile, 60% said watching TV and movies helps. Other common strategies: talking to friends and family members, sleeping and using social media.
About 48% of Black teens said they eat to cope, compared with 40.4% of white teens and 45.2% of Hispanic teens. Black students also were most likely to say they meditate or practice mindfulness — 16% named it as a coping mechanism, compared with 11.1% of white students and 12.3% of Hispanic students.-30-
From our Partners
|
<urn:uuid:64194adc-a3e0-483c-9ecd-e0ddecbd8b9d>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-40
|
https://generocity.org/philly/2021/08/18/kids-wrestled-with-depression-eating-disorders-and-other-mental-health-issues-amid-the-pandemic-research-finds/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510238.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927003313-20230927033313-00298.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968095 | 3,850 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Deep underground, in a cave that has been visited by just 30 people, Europe's first species of cave fish has been discovered. The pink translucent fish is a loach from the genus Barbatula and was found by an amateur diver in the deepest parts of the Danube-Aach cave system, in southern Germany.
Cave fish – the generic term for any freshwater fish that has adapted to live in caves – are found across the globe, with around 170 species described. The only continents they had never been found in is Antarctica and Europe – but the latest discovery by a hobby cave diver has changed this.
Joachim Kreiselmaier first spotted the "strange looking" fish in August 2015. He had been in the deepest part of the Danube-Aach system, which is only accessible during dry spells in summer and autumn. The system formed 400,000 to 450,000 years ago and the entrance is described as being a labyrinth, to such a degree that very few people have been to the depths Kreiselmaier reached.
Kreiselmaier took pictures of the fish, which were then shown to Dr Jasminca Behrmann-Godel, assistant professor at the University of Konstanz. She contacted fish taxonomist Jörg Freyhof, who confirmed that the fish appeared to have adapted for cave living. Specifically, it had small eyes, very pale colour and large nostrils.
"It took someone with the 'right eye' to realise that this might be something special and I believe that, on top of the right conditions and the difficult trip, this discovery depended on an exceptional diver like Joachim to realise in the first place that the fish might be special," Behrmann-Godel said.
Kreiselmaier returned to the same spot a few months later and managed to capture a live specimen. "Due to the usually bad visibility, strong current, cold temperature, and a labyrinth at the entrance, most divers do not come back again for diving," he said.
Analysis of the fish showed it was a new species, with morphological and genetic differences indicating an isolated population – and the first cave fish ever to be found in Europe. Their description of it has now been published in the Cell Press journal Current Biology.
The discovery has also shed light on when this new species emerged. "The cave fish was found surprisingly far in the north in southern Germany," Behrmann-Godel said. "This is spectacular as it was believed before that the Pleistocene glaciations had prevented fish from colonising subterranean habitats so far north."
Because the cave would have been frozen until fairly recently, scientists say the new species must have emerged at some point within the last 20,000 years – an extremely short period of time in evolutionary terms.
"The newly discovered European cave loaches do not represent individuals displaced from surface populations, but they follow a unique evolutionary trajectory towards cave life," they wrote. "The available data support that the cave fish are genetically isolated from both surface populations of stone loaches and agree with a recent origin of the cave fish population.
|
<urn:uuid:75b04bdb-bcfd-4905-ac1a-26e1056bd65e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-51
|
https://amp.ibtimes.co.uk/deep-dark-subterranean-labyrinth-europes-first-cave-fish-has-been-discovered-1615076
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948522343.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20171213084839-20171213104839-00546.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.97216 | 638 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Every year on November 22nd, I like to pause and reflect about the body of work from writer and rabble-rouser Jack London. Jack London, who died today in 1916, was most famous for writing “The Call of the Wild”, but he was also a brilliant union organizer and author of “The Scab”.
What is a scab? Simply, a person who purports to do the same amount of work as another person, but for less money. According to Jack London, anyone who undercuts another person, as far as wages or compensation for labor, may be considered a “scab”.
In the real world, a scab would be someone who either crosses a picket line to work or someone who agrees to do the same work for less money. “Scab” is also used to refer to workers who cave too easily to concessions or someone who offers their services for less money specifically to undercut a competitor. (In labor terms, what is a scab?)
It’s a good old-fashioned term with a rich history and those who choose to go through life participating in scabby behavoir should embrace the term and own it.
In a competitive society, where men struggle with one another for food and shelter, what is more natural than that generosity, when it diminishes the food and shelter of men other than he who is generous, should be held an accursed thing? Wise old saws to the contrary, he who takes from a man’s purse takes from his existence. To strike at a man’s food and shelter is to strike at his life; and in a society organized on a tooth-and-nail basis, such an act, performed though it may be under the guise of generosity, is none the less menacing and terrible.
It is for this reason that a laborer is so fiercely hostile to another laborer who offers to work for less pay or longer hours. To hold his place, (which is to live), he must offset this offer by another equally liberal, which is equivalent to giving away somewhat from the food and shelter he enjoys. To sell his day’s work for $2, instead of $2.50, means that he, his wife, and his children will not have so good a roof over their heads, so warm clothes on their backs, so substantial food in their stomachs. Meat will be bought less frequently and it will be tougher and less nutritious, stout new shoes will go less often on the children’s feet, and disease and death will be more imminent in a cheaper house and neighborhood.
Thus the generous laborer, giving more of a day’s work for less return (measured in terms of food and shelter), threatens the life of his less generous brother laborer, and at the best, if he does not destroy that life, he diminishes it. Whereupon the less generous laborer looks upon him as an enemy, and, as men are inclined to do in a tooth-and-nail society, he tries to kill the man who is trying to kill him.
Before someone writes in complaining that this definition of a “Scab” is defamatory, consider the following:
After God had finished the rattlesnake, the toad, and the vampire, he had some awful substance left with which he made a scab. A scab is a two-legged animal with a corkscrew soul, a water brain, a combination backbone of jelly and glue.
This passage figured in a 1974 Supreme Court case, in which justice Thurgood Marshall quoted the passage in full and referred to it as “a well-known piece of trade union literature, generally attributed to author Jack London.” A union newsletter had published a “list of scabs,” which was granted to be factual and therefore not libellous, but then went on to quote the passage as the “definition of a scab.” The case turned on the question of whether the “definition” was defamatory. The court ruled that “Jack London’s… ‘definition of a scab’ is merely rhetorical hyperbole, a lusty and imaginative expression of the contempt felt by union members towards those who refuse to join,” and as such was not libellous and was protected under the First Amendment.
Jack London wrote The Scab in 1903 and died in 1916 at the age of 40…..
|
<urn:uuid:fddf74b3-e0e3-4862-a9c6-5c74d6629151>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-23
|
http://360digest.com/category/history/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-23/segments/1405997902579.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025822-00188-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979731 | 934 | 3.125 | 3 |
Swamped with your writing assignments? Take the weight off your shoulder!
Please read Case 5 (below) from Thinking Critically About Ethical Issues. Clearly identify the moral issue(s) and the parties involved, and infer their interests; discuss the case in terms of finding common ground in the diversity of interests you identify. Use the attached reading selections from Ethical Choices pages 25 -35 when completing the assignment. MLA format with in-text citations is required. Case 5: A number of groups have urged restrictions on child labor. For example, they believe that no one under age 16 should be permitted to work in the manufacturing, mining, agricultural, and construction industries; that hours of work should be limited in all jobs for workers under the age of 18; and that no one under 21 should be allowed to have any contact with pesticides. Discuss the moral considerations attending this proposal.
|
<urn:uuid:44376994-c145-4cca-a23d-ddc936ea119e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-49
|
https://buxxfallacademicwriter.com/please-read-case-5-below-from-thinking-critically-about-ethical-issues-clearl/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710218.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127073607-20221127103607-00330.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913491 | 179 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Grow fast, die young is not a lifestyle normally associated with trees. But in the forests of the Northeastern United States the red maple follows such a life strategy. It is among the first trees to seed and sprout in open fields and through rapid growth quickly dominates open areas. In the Northeast red maple has been a big winner in terms of population growth in the 150 years since people began abandoning their farms in the Northeast and moving to cities. Researchers estimate that the population of red and other maple trees has increased by some 20 percent in the last four centuries.
“In the presence of forest fragmentation and human impact red maple has done really well” explains Jonathan Thompson, a research ecologist at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute in Front Royal, and co-author of a new paper in the journal Plos One describing four centuries of change in the forests of the Northeastern United States.
But too many maples is not a good thing, Thompson explains. “Red Maple isn’t a very desirable tree: it lives less than 250 years, doesn’t produce hard mast such as acorns that animals can eat, it doesn’t have any timber value and it doesn’t provide good cavity nesting for woodpeckers and other birds and animals.”
The good news is that most of the Northeast’s native tree species remain and that the region has reforested much of the area that had been originally farmed. However, red maple’s rise is an example of how forests of the Northeast have been transformed by humans. Indeed, the abundance and distribution of most tree species has shifted dramatically, favoring early- and mid- successional trees like the red maple.
Huge oak, hemlock and beech filled the mature forests that greeted the first colonists. But because these trees are slower growing, long-lived, and slow to recolonize after a disturbance they have suffered steep declines in their numbers overall through clearing, land use and logging. Getting the forest back to its original mature state would require centuries of undisturbed recovery, and that’s not likely to happen. Even if the forest disturbance caused by humans ended today, the Northeast may never again see mature forests such as those that existed when the colonists arrived, Thompson points out.
“If everything was the same climatically and atmospherically as it was hundreds of years ago, it would take centuries for the forest succession to progress along the same trajectory it did previously,” Thompson explains. “But today there’s more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the climate is warmer, there’s much more nitrogen in the water and soil; the hemlock wooly adelgid [an invasive insect] has killed virtually all the hemlocks south of Connecticut and is marching north; there’s a beech bark disease that killing beech trees,” Thompson says. “What’s more, a different type of deforestation is taking place today. It’s not agriculture and forestry, but residential development and urbanization. So, who can say what impact these new factors will have on the recovery of our forests.”
Forest cover was increasing in the Northeast until about a decade ago, Thompson points out. “But now the trend has turned downward again and we have this sort of second chance where we get to decide about the future of the forest in New England and whether we are going to march back down towards the deforested state. I don’t think we will get this opportunity again.”
|
<urn:uuid:2dd7a392-9775-4026-8a91-f27230ea7531>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-43
|
https://insider.si.edu/2013/09/effects-of-human-impact-are-long-lasting-for-forests-in-northeast-u-s/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588244.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20211027212831-20211028002831-00079.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956791 | 735 | 3.890625 | 4 |
I really enjoyed this recent interview of Eric Weinstein on The Tim Ferriss Show Podcast. One of the most powerful moments for me was when Eric says, "We don't talk about teaching disabilities, we talk about learning disabilities." (1:08:41) Eric continues:
A lot of the kids that I want are kids that have been labelled learning disabled but they are actually superlearners, they're like learners on steroids who have some deficits to pay for their superpower. When teachers can't deal with this, we label those kids learning disabled to cover up from the fact that the economics of teaching require that one central actor, the teacher, be able to lead a room of twenty or more people in lock step. that's not a good model.
One of the things that I love most about our hyper-connected reality is the fact that anyone with an internet connection has the opportunity to learn about literally anything they are curious about - no classroom required. Yet, despite the explosion of available online educational resources - wikis, MOOCs, forums, etc. - I still struggle to find quality, well-curated scientific content outside of the traditional platforms of books and journals. Why is it that in the age of the internet, we are still limiting ourselves to content developed for (and confined by) the real estate of classrooms and printed pages? One answer is simply laziness. It's really easy to film a lecture and put it on YouTube, or print to .pdf and host it online. It's much harder to develop an interactive online problem-set that is tailored to a student's current level of understanding. Ultimately that's what I would like to see.
Here are a couple of my favorite examples of thinkers and educational resources that are clearly moving things in the right direction:
Julius O. Smith @ Stanford, in particular his free, fully-hyperlinked books on digital signal processing. What I love about these books is that because they are all fully linked together, you can start with what you are curious about, and then follow the links to the words and concepts that you don't understand as necessary. Similar in workflow to wikipedia, except that the quality of the content is always superb.
Mike Bostock - Visualizing Algorithms. If Julius Smith showed what all online books could have been with just HTML, Mike's work is an exemplar of Web 2.0 learning. I kind of feel like Mike has captured what Wolfram was trying to achieve with CDF, yet in a fully in-browser experience.
What are your favorite online educational resources?
Who else has suffered from teaching disabilities? How do we stop the suffering!?
|
<urn:uuid:06ca82dc-b55d-4302-91ec-9ec03f3d6661>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-30
|
https://discourse.materialsgirl.co/t/teaching-disabilities/104
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676592309.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20180721032019-20180721052019-00061.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969449 | 542 | 2.640625 | 3 |
The progression from agriculture – farming to smart agriculture – perfect farming has three stages:
Preindustrial agriculture, dating from before Christ to about 1920, consisted of labor intense, essentially subsistence farming on small farms, which took two acres to feed one person.
Industrial agriculture, from 1920 to about 2010, tractors and combine harvesters, chemical fertilizers and seed science opened the way to large commercial farms. One result has been big gains in productivity with one acre feeding five people.
Smart agriculture is just getting underway and involves exploiting data from many sources – sensors on farm equipment and plants, satellite images and weather tracking. The use of water and fertilizers will be measured and monitored in detail sometimes on plant by plant basis.
The IoT is set to push the future of farming to the next level. Smart agriculture is already becoming more commonplace among farmers, and high-tech farming is quickly becoming the standard thanks to agricultural drones and sensors.
IoT sensors report weather conditions and monitor soil moisture and acidity while animal farmers track the movement and behavior of livestock remotely via embedded devices. Industrial IoT applications are also useful for monitoring indoor agricultural facilities such as silos, dairies and stables.
IoT agriculture application areas include farm vehicle tracking, livestock monitoring, large and small field farming, and storage monitoring. Drones have become an invaluable tool for farmers to survey their lands and generate crop data.
Farmers can use their smartphones to remotely monitor their equipment, crops, and livestock, as well as obtain stats on their livestock feeding and produce. They can even use this technology to run statistical predictions for their crops and livestock.
BI Insider research is predicting that IoT device installations in the agriculture world will increase from 30 million in 2015 to 75 million in 2020, for a compound annual growth rate of 20%.
The future of farming is in collecting and analyzing big data in agriculture to maximize efficiency. But there are far more trends to understand with the IoT,
What is precision farming? It the process of using satellite imagery and other technology (such as sensors) to observe and record data with the goal of improving production output while minimizing cost and preserving resources.
Today’s farmers face a set of difficult challenges—an increasing worldwide demand for food, a changing climate, and a limited supply of water, fossil fuels and arable land. To surmount these hurdles, the agriculture industry is adopting an array of digital solutions including:
- GPS Technology
- Computer Imaging
The IoT can bring broad efficiencies to the agricultural space, and create a virtuous cycle that makes food products more readily available to consumers, saves farmers time and money, and decreases the environmental impact of farming by driving sustainability into the process.
According to BI Insider research, US farmers are already proving the efficiency of smart agriculture techniques by producing an average 7,340 kilograms of cereal per hectare (2.5 acres) of farmland versus the worldwide average of 3,851 kilograms per hectare.
As IoT applications in agriculture continue to develop, farms will become more connected, more streamlined, more efficient and—ultimately—more productive.
The IoT can bring broad efficiencies to the agricultural space, and create a virtuous cycle that makes food products more readily available to consumers, saves farmers time and money, and lessens the environmental impact of farming by driving sustainability into the process.
|
<urn:uuid:0b4947c0-c391-4def-95b0-c6a1b858a35c>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-35
|
http://www.infiniteinformationtechnology.com/iot-agriculture-smart-agriculture-perfect-farming
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027323221.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20190825062944-20190825084944-00209.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931734 | 681 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The National Nanotechnology Initiative today published the proceedings of a technical interchange meeting on “Realizing the Promise of Carbon Nanotubes: Challenges, Opportunities, and the Pathway to Commercialization,” held at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters on September 15, 2014. This meeting brought together some of the Nation’s leading experts in carbon nanotube materials to identify, discuss, and report on technical barriers to the production of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based bulk and composite materials with properties that more closely match those of individual CNTs and to explore ways to overcome these barriers.
A number of common themes and potential future research and development priorities emerged:
- Increased efforts devoted to manufacturing, quality control, and scale-up.
- Improvements in the mechanical and electrical properties of CNT-based bulk materials to approach the properties of individual CNTs.
- More effective use of simulation and modeling to provide insight into the fundamentals of the CNT growth process.
- Improved understanding of the properties of bulk CNT-containing materials at longer length scales.
- Standard materials and protocols to guide the testing of CNT-based products for commercial applications.
- Life cycle assessments for gauging commercial readiness.
- Use of public-private partnerships or other collaboration vehicles to leverage resources and expertise to solve these technical challenges and accelerate commercialization.
The outcomes of this meeting, as detailed in this report, will help inform the future directions of the NNI Nanotechnology Signature Initiative “Sustainable Nanomanufacturing: Creating the Industries of the Future,” which was launched in 2010 to accelerate the development of industrial-scale methods for manufacturing functional nanoscale systems.
To view the full document, visit www.nano.gov/2014CNTReport.
|
<urn:uuid:bdbbde58-c91f-42c9-8d14-505267720ef6>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-43
|
https://www.nano.gov/node/1340
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587659.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20211025092203-20211025122203-00023.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.875445 | 373 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The Dense and dark forest of India offers best habitat for the reptiles, The jungle offers a wide range of area for snakes to go giant with abundant prey. There are 270 plus species of snakes in India, out of which about 60 are highly venomous. The big four dangerous snakes of India includes Indian Cobra, Krait, Russell’s viper and Saw-scaled viper.
Every year 20,000 people die due to venomous snake bites in India, Other facts about snakes of India are – King cobra is the most poisonous snakes in India and krait is the most deadly and dangerous snake of India. The Indian python is highly arboreal snake and the largest species of snake, commonly found throughout the jungles of India. Rat snake local known as dhamana is a commonly found and non-venomous snake in India, It is one of the fastest snake.
The Indian cobra, known as “Nag” is one of the species of highly venomous snake found throughout India. Indian cobras are found in many habitats but generally prefer open forest edges, fields, and the areas around villages, The Naja Naja feeds on rodents, lizards, and frogs.
Indian cobra “The Holy Snake” is associated with the lingam the emblem of Lord Shiva and during ‘Naag-Panchami‘ festival people worship the cobra snake like any other god.
Krait venom is extremely neurotoxic and induces muscle paralysis,its bite is lethal to man. There are 12 Species and 5 sub-species of Krait Snakes, Some of them are the common krait, banded krait and Indian Krait.
The Bungarus,commonly referred as Kraits is most dangerous venomous snake of India and one of the deadliest snakes of the world. The maximum deaths of common krait per bite is 60, It can be seen in the deep jungles of India.
The Russell’s viper local name Koriwala or Daboia , is one of the most venomous snakes in all of India. After the Krait, Russell’s viper is another big killer snake in India, accounting for thousands of deaths each year.
It is the smallest of the big four most dangerous snakes of India,with an average length of 4 ft. The dark brown, or brownish-gray deadly snake feeds on Rodents, lizards & small birds.
It is a rough scaled snake with large eyes, wider head than neck and stocky body, habitat in sand, rock, soft soil and in scrub lands. It feeds lizards, frogs and a variety of arthropods, such as scorpions, centipedes and large insects.
The Indian saw-scaled viper is a small viper from one of the eight species of small viper venomous snakes family. The saw scaled viper is famous for being one of the most dangerous snakes anywhere it is found.
The Great King Cobra is the biggest snake in India,with an average length of 13-15 ft. The unique King cobras can reach upto 18 feet (5.5 meters) in length, making them the world’s longest venomous snake. The fierce and agile King cobra habitat rainforest,humid jungle,Thick undergrowth, cool swamps and bamboo clusters forested areas.
The largest and powerful snakes physical feature is olive-green, tan, or black with faint, it has pale yellow cross bands down the length of the body. Kerala “the god’s own country” is the home for this beautiful King cobra, along with other reptiles, such as king cobra, viper, python, various turtles and crocodiles.
The Indian Green Pit Viper is also known as bamboo snake or tree viper, it is one of the most common of the Pit Vipers family, mainly live on arboreal, living in vines, bushes and bamboos. There is a group of snakes that are known as Pit Vipers, Not only are these snakes venomous they also have a very cool heat sensing system.
The green snake feed frogs,lizards and insects, it grows to a length of 2.5 feet. Another species of pit viper is Malabar pit viper, highly venomous snake found mostly at western ghat of India. Other venomous snakes of India from viper species includes bamboo pit viper,Malabar pit viper,Hump-nosed pit viper and green tree viper. Pit Viper Snakes Found in India.
The banded sea krait also called as yellow lipped sea krait is one of the highly venomous sea snake found in India. All sea snakes or coral reef snakes are good swimmers and has a venom more potent than any other land snake species found in the Indian Subcontinent.
|
<urn:uuid:e6d6ae0a-f4da-42fc-b1f2-77fd6d32d42d>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-10
|
http://www.walkthroughindia.com/wildlife/the-6-most-venomous-snakes-in-india/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178369512.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20210304174506-20210304204506-00604.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935064 | 1,008 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Canadian Fossil Proves Origins of Mahogany Earlier Than Previously Thought
A fossilised fruit found on a beach in Canada has been identified as having come from a member of the mahogany tree family (Meliaceae). This suggests that this commercially important hardwood evolved in the Cretaceous. The fossil is some 15-20 million years older than any other fossil found that has been ascribed to the Meliaceae. This type of tree would have been familiar to the dinosaurs. Indigenous to the tropics of the Americas, the discovery of this fossil which dates between 79-72 million years ago (Campanian stage of the Late Cretaceous), will support palaeoclimate studies of high latitudes and permit palaeobotanists to better understand how modern tropical, angiosperm dominated ecosystems developed.
The new species of Cretaceous-aged tree has been named Manchestercarpa vancouverensis.
Views of the Fossilised Mahogany Fruit (Manchestercarpa vancouverensis)
Picture Credit: Brian Atkinson (University of Kansas)
The picture (above), shows cross-sectional views of the fruit and seeds of the newly described species of Cretaceous mahogany (Manchestercarpa vancouverensis). The thick-walled outer skin of the fruit (endocarp) is identified along with the middle portion, the flesh of the fruit (mesocarp). Evidence of seeds inside the fruit has also been found.
Today, mahogany is a commercially very important hardwood, valued for its strength and beauty. It is used in cabinet making, furniture and for creating musical instruments. In the days of sailing ships, mahogany was much prized as this tough wood did not splinter as much as European timber when struck by a cannonball. The UK is the world’s second largest importer of mahogany, after the United States. To a palaeobotanist, finding a fossil that is reminiscent of fruit associated with these trees, lets them know that tropical forests similar to the ones we know today were in existence at the time of the dinosaurs. Prior to this discovery, the oldest fossils attributed to the Meliaceae family date from the Palaeogene and Eocene such as those specimens found in the Green River Formation of Colorado. However, the earliest previously recorded fossils associated with Melia are leaves and scientists have been reluctant to assign these fossils taxonomically. The most diagnostic material are fossil fruits and these fossils have been found in several, geographically dispersed Eocene-aged deposits such as the London Clay and the Nanjemoy Formation of North America. It seems that in the past, these types of trees and therefore tropical forests were much more widespread than they are today.
Author of the scientific paper, published in the American Journal of Botany, University of Kansas researcher Brian Atkinson stated:
“For understanding when many of the different branches of the tree of life evolved, we’re primarily dependent on the fossil record. In this case, Meliaceae, the mahogany family, is an ecologically and economically important group of trees. A lot of researchers have used this group as a study system to better understand the evolution of tropical rainforests. This work is the first definitive evidence that the tropically important trees were around during the Cretaceous period, when we first start to see the modernisation of ecosystems and modern groups of plants.”
The rock containing the fossilised fruit was found on a beach at Shelter Point, Vancouver (British Columbia), by fossil collector Graham Beard, the director of the Qualicum Beach Museum of Natural History. The matrix in which the fossil was found is associated with the Spray Formation (Campanian faunal stage). The genus name honours palaeobotanist Steve Manchester (University of Florida Museum of Natural History). The species name honours the location of the fossil find.
This paper clearly confirms a Cretaceous origin for Meliaceae and that important tropical families were present prior to the development of modern tropical ecosystems in the Cenozoic.
Graham Beard’s fossil hunting exploits have been featured in this blog before. In 2011, Everything Dinosaur reported upon a paper that had been published naming a new species of Canadian pterosaur (Gwawinapterus beardi), that had been named in his honour. A subsequent study published a year later, confirmed that the fossilised remains attributed to a late-surviving istiodactylid pterosaur actually represented the remains of a fish. To the consternation of the academics associated with this study, it also turned out the Graham had been wrongly accredited with finding the fossil specimen.
To read more: Flying Reptile with “Piranha-like” Jaws the original article.
A second piece correcting the identity of the discoverer: Mistake in Naming Pterosaur Fossil Discoverer.
The scientific paper: “Fossil evidence for a Cretaceous rise of the mahogany family” by Brian A. Atkinson published in the American Journal of Botany.
|
<urn:uuid:44a58a47-0ae1-4165-b88b-44102e01c938>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://blog.everythingdinosaur.com/blog/_archives/2020/04/19/wood-you-believe-it-mahogany-dates-back-to-the-dinosaurs.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679102469.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210123756-20231210153756-00466.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952903 | 1,062 | 4 | 4 |
Written by Nick Chambers
Today we review a study on the impacts of catch and release angling on wild steelhead in the Bulkley River, the largest tributary to British Columbia’s legendary Skeena system. Conducted by Will Twardek and several others, this study looked into the effects of catch and release, air exposure and fight time on behavior and survival to spawning.
The study took place during the fall of 2016. Anglers landed 129 steelhead using a variety of methods, including swung flies, spinners and rubber worms using fly, spin and centerpin rods. Of these, 92 fish were caught on fly rods while 23 were caught on spin and centerpin methods. Once a fish was hooked researchers would time the duration of the fight, note the landing method (tailing vs. netting), hooking location, how difficult the hook was to remove, and water temperature.
Of the 129 wild steelhead caught, a subset of 45 fish were also evaluated to understand the effects of air exposure on blood chemistry and responsiveness. Immediately upon capture these fish were exposed to air for either 0, 10 or 30 seconds. A blood sample was then taken to measure peak lactate, elevated glucose levels and pH. The measurements taken from fish caught by anglers were then compared against a baseline of blood chemistry measurements taken from fish at a trap downstream of the study area. The fish in the trap were exposed to minimal handling and were not subject to the physical effects of a fight so their blood chemistry was assumed to be that of a rested fish.
An additional method the researchers used to determine the level of exhaustion from the fight was to time the fish’s ability to turn itself right side up when flipped over. Salmonids have a natural reflex to right themselves and the researchers timed the righting reflex of angled fish, using a cutoff of 3 seconds to determine if the reflex was impaired.
What did they find? Some interesting results.
First, fish that had been exposed to air for either 10 or 30 seconds had a significantly slower righting reflex than fish that had not been air exposed at all. Surprisingly, none of the other variables the authors measured had an effect on the righting reflex — including fight time or water temperature.
Furthermore, fish that failed to right themselves within the three second window had significantly more downstream movement after release than fish that were able to “pass” the righting test. This means that exposing fish to air after they are exhausted from a fight does impair their near-term recovery ability. Fortunately, however, after two weeks there was no significant difference in movement between air-exposed and non-air exposed groups.
Second, blood lactate and glucose levels were elevated in angled fish, but these factors did not seem to impact their behavior or survival. Steelhead swim long distances often passing waterfalls or other major barriers so they are probably well adapted to physical stresses and able to recover relatively quickly.
In other words, these guys could put Michael Phelps to shame. So it makes sense they can withstand short bursts of intensive exercise without significant long-term physiological effects.
Third, steelhead that were caught and then landed with a net had significantly lower blood glucose levels than fish that had been tail grabbed, yet there was no difference in relation to fight time. This means use of a net was not helpful because it reduced the length of the fight, but most likely because it reduced the stress in a struggling fish. Think of how difficult it can be to work a fish into knee-deep water and then tail it.
Lastly, water temperature at time of capture was positively correlated with blood lactate. Warmer water meant more lactate buildup, while the opposite relationship was observed with pH. This suggests that stress levels were actually lower when water temperatures were warmer.
Of course, the Bulkley does not see the high water temperatures that we deal with in many of our steelhead fisheries in the Northwest and this variable did not have a strong correlation with angling-related mortality as has been seen in other studies conducted in warmer water. Nonetheless, the relationship of catch and release mortality with high water temperatures has been well established and we should all pay heed when water temperatures approach or exceed 70ºF.
One of the biggest questions for many anglers — and for fisheries managers — is how many caught and released wild steelhead will survive and spawn. One unique aspect of this study addressed this question, by attaching radio telemetry tags to 68 fish from various air exposure groups. This allowed the researchers to track their movements through the spring spawning season to ascertain the long term survival of released steelhead.
In this study, 95.5% of tagged steelhead survived to 3 days and 94% survived to two weeks. This is consistent with the range of estimated catch and release mortalities at similar temperatures and with similar gear types from other studies. Over the long-term, there was a 10.5% overwinter mortality and an estimated pre-spawn mortality of 15%. Again, these numbers were consistent with previous studies in the Skeena system.
One should not infer from these results that 100% of the fish would survive to spawn in the absence of contact with sport anglers. The study focused on summer steelhead, which spend many months in freshwater and should have a higher natural freshwater mortality rate than their winter and spring returning counterparts (they have to survive otters, mink, and other predators, in addition to any natural disease or genetic issues that may arise). And, similar over winter mortality rates have been observed in other summer steelhead populations, so it can’t necessarily be correlated with angling. Just because an adult makes it into the river, and survives an encounter with anglers, does not necessarily mean it will survive to spawn.
This study shows that catch and release mortality on steelhead is pretty darn low when anglers use the types of gear employed in this study. However, it does have short-term effects on steelhead physiology. And the study’s results suggest that air exposure may elevate those short-term negative effects, even if exposed for relatively brief periods. Fortunately, those effects did not appear to be long-lasting (although air exposure has been implicated in reducing reproductive success in Atlantic Salmon; this study did not look into that specific impact).
The findings and implications of science often change as new studies are published. But the results of this study are largely consistent with those of other, similar studies — and the basic take-away for anglers is simple: reduce fight time and air exposure as much as possible. For anglers who really care about steelhead, there is no excuse anymore, if there ever was. When catch and release fishing, keep ‘em wet.
LINK (via: Wild Steelheaders United)
|
<urn:uuid:e63747a0-e95e-4ae4-b8c9-f7cc98fb642e>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
http://wildsteelheadcoalition.org/2018/06/science-friday-how-does-catch-and-release-affect-steelhead/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370504930.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20200331212647-20200401002647-00090.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971601 | 1,381 | 3.171875 | 3 |
If we could create a wormhole at an arbitrary position we could prolong the lifetime of a star to nearly infinity. All we need to do is open a small wormhole at the center of the star and put the end out in empty space. A steady flow of helium rich material would stream out preventing the helium from building up to the point where the star begins creating lithium and carbon.
At some point the mass of the star would drop too much and we would then open a wormhole into the core of a gas giant like Jupiter. The other end of the wormhole could be opened at the surface of the star and hydrogen rich material would accumulate at the surface creating a continuous flow of hydrogen from the surface towards the fusion core.
I wonder if any jets in Active Galactic Nuclei are artificial. They could be evidence of advanced species who are extending the lifetime of their star to trillions of years. The composition of those jets might match the stellar core material of an older star.
|
<urn:uuid:16641068-2df2-4ed7-8cc9-bd3c96e5564e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-47
|
http://www.spacetimestories.com/blog/2016/3/19/9k83qsn64yuwagxpahs6tb5uo9wqds
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806509.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122065449-20171122085449-00159.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944876 | 198 | 3.046875 | 3 |
A calf strain (pulled or torn calf muscle) occurs when part of the muscles of the lower part of the leg are stretched beyond their ability to withstand tension. This can mostly happen during acceleration or during an abrupt change in direction when a person is running (in motion). Calf strain is a common injury, especially in athletes.
Pain in your calf may result from a direct injury like landing on your knee, or from repetitive movements, such as running on a slanted surface or kneeling down. When the muscle gets overused, it causes the calf to tighten. On that same note, calf tension is rarely experienced alone. There is a really good chance that your hamstrings are tight as well if you have tight calf muscles. This is because of the synergistic relationship of your hamstrings and calves.
ANF Therapy: Solution to Calf and Hamstring Strain
“Using the thermal camera to check how the ANF discs work.
Here is a before and after picture of a patient with hamstring/calf strain. First session patient could not even put the foot on the floor and left the session walking.
3 days after treatment and… booooomm. Inflammation is reduced about 90%. Gotta love this technique baby!”
– via @physiotips.rvk
Amino Neuro Frequency Therapy helps reduce injuries, pain, pulse, stress, and cramps in the body. Apart from these benefits, users of ANF Therapy can enjoy efficient muscle building, faster immune system regeneration, quality sleep, and improved red blood cells production. Contact ANF Therapy to know more on how we can help you address sports-related injuries.
|
<urn:uuid:04e6a10f-0f04-41c4-927f-e1ba7a6471dc>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-17
|
https://www.anftherapy.com/blog/2019/08/20/anf-therapy-solution-to-calf-and-hamstring-strain/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038879305.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20210419080654-20210419110654-00328.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935035 | 342 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Dot Sticker Name Recognition Activity
This dot sticker name recognition activity is a fun, hands-on way for preschoolers to learn their name while developing fine motor skills.Editable Name Writing Practice Activities and Worksheets Check out these editable name writing practice activities that include hands-on name tracing and name building worksheets and games for preschool and kindergarten. They incorporate lots of fun manipulatives to make learning names a hands-on experience, are editable so you can easily change them up year after year, and are low-prep so that you can save lots of time! In addition, you will be providing fun, engaging name learning activities for the students you teach. Editable Name Tracing Mats Teaching Names to Preschoolers with Fun Activities
As you may know, we love using dot stickers for all kind of learning activities – like this dot sticker alphabet i-spy activity and this apple tree letter matching activity. Dot stickers are usually pretty easy to find and they are fairly inexpensive. Plus, they are perfect for adding fine motor practice to activities.
One awesome thing about this name recognition activity is that it is super simple to set up. You can have it ready to go in a couple of minutes. Another thing I love about it is that preschoolers can do it independently.
Dot Sticker Name Recognition ActivityWhile doing this activity preschoolers will learn to recognize the letters in their name and the correct order of those letters. They will also develop fine motor skills while peeling and sticking the dot stickers.
After doing this activity with my 4-year-old daughter, she was so much more aware of the letters in her name and surprisingly already could put some of the letters in the correct order. I consider that a success! Especially since she really enjoyed doing it.
Setting Up a Fun Name Recognition ActivitySupplies Needed:
As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases.
- Large construction paper (9×12)
- Dot stickers in various colors (I love this pack!)
- Crayon or markers
- Divide the page into columns for each letter of the name.
- Write one letter of the name on each dot sticker. Rotating through the letters several times. I think I did each letter like 7 times. Do what works for you.
|
<urn:uuid:3dcda123-f5c7-481c-9de2-381030fc217b>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://funlearningforkids.com/dot-sticker-name-recognition-activity/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224648911.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603000901-20230603030901-00111.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939961 | 473 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The World Wide Fund for Nature is tracking river dolphins in the Amazon for the first time, between Brazil, Colombia and Bolivia and has managed to tag 10 Amazon river dolphins with mini transmitters.
The operations took place in partnership with the Mamirauá Institute, Omacha Foundation, FaunAgua, Pro Delphinus, the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and the State Department of Environment of Amazonas.
The team first tagged single dolphins in Brazil, from 5 to 10 October 2017. Then did the same in Colombia, where it tagged more dolphins between 29 November and 1 October. Tagging is ongoing in Bolivia and comes to an end on 7 December.
The team of researchers and locals followed a strict protocol where they had to identify the best place to "capture" the dolphins. Once they had caught a dolphin, they would take blood samples and tag the animal with the transmitter. The whole process took about 15 minutes for each dolphin.
The conservation group hope that the transmitters, which communicate the dolphins' every movement, will help researchers understand where they go to feed and how far they migrate along the Amazon River.
"Tagging these dolphins is the start of a new era for our work because we hope to be able to map where they go when they disappear from sight," says WWF Conservation Specialist Marcelo Oliveira.
We still have a lot to learn about the amazon river dolphins, the ocean dolphin's pink cousins. The mysterious species is classified as "data deficient" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources' Red List of threatened species (IUCNR).
"Satellite tracking will help us better understand the lives of the river dolphin more than ever before, helping to transform our approach to protecting them," says Oliveira.
Knowing more about the river dolphins is fundamental in safeguarding their survival in an environment that's increasingly affected by man-made activities such as gold mining and planned dams.
"Mercury from illegal gold mining is poisoning their waters and food and dams are cutting off migratory routes, adds Oliveira, "WWF's objective is to understand the effects of these threats on river dolphin populations which have been isolated."
In order to make the project happen, WWF worked hand in hand with Colombian research partner Fundación Omacha.
"This tagging project is critical because it will generate information that will enable governments across the region to target resources to protect dolphins and their habitats, which so many other species and communities also depend on," says Fernando Trujillo from Fundación Omacha.
Trujillo stresses that the future of river dolphins in the Amazon is intimately linked to the futures of other animal species as well as humans.
WWF is already looking at data provided by the transmitters, and will continue monitoring the dolphins throughout the coming months and will tag more of the marine animals if it proves a success.
|
<urn:uuid:b66b974f-578c-4f2b-8349-84145cc40832>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-10
|
https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/wwf-tracking-dolphins-down-amazon-scientific-first-1650108
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146187.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20200226054316-20200226084316-00382.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948 | 592 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Published Summer 1992
The Chinese people want democracy. The Western world wants China to be democratic. But “will China be democratic?”- this is the key question, and still an open question….
In this article the focus will be on four crucial factors – the political, the economic, the cultural, and the external environment – as they relate to the overall process of democratization. These four factors are independent variables. They are likely to provide both favorable and unfavorable conditions for China’s democratization. But the mere existence of favorable conditions does not create a democratic system; only people can do that. Given certain conditions, the actual installation and consolidation of democracy require a spark – the courage, commitment, and skills of the democratizers.
In a cell of the famous Qingchen prison – China’s Bastille, where political prisoners are held – there are three prisoners, all of whom have arrived on the same day Two of them start a conversation:
A: What’re your charges?
B: I shouted “Down with Deng Xiaoping!” during the 1989 Tiananmen Square events. How about you?
A: Isn’t that funny? I was arrested in 1976 by the “gang of four” after the pro-Deng demonstration in Tiananmen Square, and here I am. I was just moved to this cell. A long pause. Both turn to the third prisoner.
B: What about you?
C: I am Deng Xiaoping.
This joke, popular in China after 1989, is a reflection of the political confusion of Chinese society and, more important, the frustration.
China has been undergoing deep political and social change in every corner of society, from the central government to the provincial powers, from the cities to the countryside, from the civil bureaucracy to the military; and the upheaval can be traced – in particular – in the dissolution of ideology, the decentralization of power, the emergence of civil society, and the rise and fall of political elites.
From the outset, communist ideology has completely dominated the declaratory policy of the regime. It has been the prime mover behind the totalitarian social system. Even today, in the form of the so-called “four principles,” it is still the equivalent of the first ten amendments of the Chinese Constitution. Nevertheless, ideological disintegration has been going on at all levels of society….
A society is forming separately from the state in China. The state’s economic and political interests depend on fundamental changes, and these changes gradually will erode the power of the current regime. So far, there appears to be no way for the regime to resolve this dilemma. These trends form favorable conditions for the breakdown of the regime and its replacement by new power structures. If and when the breakdown occurs, the country then has to face a choice among various possible replacements – and one of them, of course, is a democratic regime.
At the crossroad of history, when the old system is gone and a new regime has to come into existence, the role of political elites becomes decisive. The masses may or may not directly participate in the effort of ending the old regime, and also may or may not be ready for the replacement. The masses become decisive when the question is that of the consolidation of the new regime.
Democracy, as generally and traditionally defined, is a political system whose most powerful collective decision-makers are selected through fair, honest, and periodic elections in which candidates freely compete for votes and in which virtually all the adult population is eligible to vote. For such a political system to come into existence, a necessary precondition is consensus by the political elites – either in the form of a common belief in certain fundamentals or of a procedural consensus on the rules of the game.
In China’s situation, it will be far from easy for the various political forces to reach agreement on the precise shape of a new post-communist regime. Thus, to measure the prospects for democracy in China, it is important to ask whether the political elites can reach at least some procedural consensus on the rules of the game. Will they be prepared to participate, compete, and compromise in the political game, and to admit the diversity of political views and the existence of different political oppositions? When the cost of wiping out other political forces is too great, political elites may well make the effort to maintain a system in which relatively equal opportunities are provided to all the participants for their mutual benefit. Democracy may not be the outcome leaders desire most; but-it may well be the outcome that is least unacceptable.
Arguably, it will be in the best interest of all the existing and emerging political forces to maintain basic stability, to avoid a complete breakdown of social order, while sustaining economic growth. In this sense, after the death of the aging hard-liners when conservatives can no longer dominate the central government, different forces in the country will all have a vested interest in preserving stability; and because no single political force is likely to be dominant, compromises among them can be expected.
This readiness to compromise is necessary for the installation of a democratic regime, but it is not sufficient. There are several other possible directions the country might take: they range from a communist reform regime to various types of authoritarianism, with some aspects of liberalism and pluralism mixed in. Some of these possibilities may lead to the establishment of a genuinely democratic system; some may not. Which direction China takes will depend also on such variables as the cultural context, economic factors, and the external environment.
THE CULTURAL CONTEXT
The criteria of the cultural context for democratization are even less clear than the political, economic, or external conditions. Here the emphasis will be on Chinese cultural traditions generally; on new cultures and their expansion in China; and on the development of what Almond and Verba have defined as a “civic culture” in China.
Traditional Chinese culture is dominated by Confucianism. Neither Taoism nor Buddhism are intrinsic to people’s daily lives. But the Confucian tradition has been enduring and deeply rooted throughout Chinese history. It comprises, in effect, a set of norms for individual and social behavior. Even communism, in its Chinese form, had to adapt to this set of norms: Jin Guantao (in The Chinese Intellectual) defines Maoism as confucianized communism. The adjustment established a new tradition, in which the pragmatism of the old tradition was overlaid by the new communist rhetoric, with Leninist and Stalinist political operational models. In essence, elements of the mainstream Confucian tradition remained as the core of the new system.
Neither Confucianism nor the new tradition of Maoism are favorable to democracy. Both merge society and the state. In theory, and for the most part in reality, all possible socially autonomous groups – religious, ethnic, and economic – are prevented from forming as forces to balance the power of the state in any significant way. And both emphasize hierarchy, authority, community, and loyalty. Huntington summarized the old tradition as follows:
Confucian societies lacked a tradition of rights against the state; to the extent that individual rights do exist, they were created by the state. Harmony and cooperation were preferred over disagreement and competition. The maintenance of order and respect for hierarchy were central values. The conflict of ideas, groups and parties was viewed as dangerous and illegitimate. “In traditional China [quoting Lucian Pye] there was no conception of the separation of the sacred from the profane, the spiritual from the secular. Political legitimacy in Confucian China rested on the Mandate of Heaven, which defines politics in terms of morality. To think that power may be corrupt and requires institutional check and balance is a contradiction in terms.”
The new Maoist tradition changed some of these values, especially during such periods as “the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution,” when families and communities were divided by political differences. But the nature of the two are still the same. In the new tradition, there can be differences of political views in the power structure, but these inevitably lead to internal power struggles. One side has to be right and the other wrong, and the system does not allow for the existence of the defeated party. There are no opposition parties, but only hostile political forces. When such competing forces co-exist, there must be a fatal struggle between them.
But in the post-Mao period, the Chinese people experienced the reestablishment of power of Deng Xiaoping. Meanwhile, new values took root because of the open-door policy and the emerging market economy. This was particularly the case among the young who grew up during the post-Mao period, with little or no memory of the bitterness of the Cultural Revolution. They experienced the cultural diversities of a society in transition: the older traditions, imported Western values, and the new emerging pop culture. Individualism is the trademark of this free-economy generation – which also is the pioneering central force of the 1989 movement. As for the future, with all the political and social changes now in ferment, the environment for the expansion of individualism predictably will continue for generations to come.
Moreover, Christianity has been spreading through the country at a rapid pace. This became especially true after the crackdown on the 1989 pro-democracy movement, and the mass arrests and executions that followed. In principle, Christianity values individual dignity and puts special stress on the separation of church and state – both, pillars of democracy. As Huntington argues, “It seems plausible to hypothesize that the expansion of Christianity encourages democratic development.”
The government’s attempts to control burgeoning religious organizations largely failed. Severe religious repression could not stop their activities, but rather forced them underground. Continuing expansion of Christianity in China can reasonably be expected. But how far, in terms of percentage, the expansion can go in Chinese society, and how important it will be for the democratization process, are open questions.
For the consolidation of democracy (if it can be installed in the first place), the development of civic culture is a crucial factor. Civic culture can be defined as a coherent matrix of interpersonal trust and personal life satisfaction in a society.
It has been argued that a higher ranking on this scale preserves and enhances democracy in any given society.
Although it may well be that traditional Chinese culture can be either undemocratic or anti-democratic, when it comes to questions of interpersonal trust, the Confucian tradition can have a positive impact. Li Zehou summarized traditional Chinese culture as “realistic rationality”:
This tradition prevents both dialectical rationality from developing and anti-rationalism from spreading. It forms a mode of thinking based mainly upon the Confucian tradition, shaping the Chinese people’s psychology into the “golden mean” of calmness with reversed passion: a tendency against violence or abstruse thinking; toward understanding and history;… aiming at preserving harmony and stability in the current organic social structure. It emphasizes interpersonal relationships.
Scholars like Jin Guantao believe that this tradition can be reconstructed over time and that most of the educated Chinese will still instinctively follow it.
The economic factor overlaps with the political. In an authoritarian regime, either poor economic performance or rapid economic growth can stir up popular dissatisfaction and resistance to established power. It has been argued that increasing wealth often results in a higher level of education, a general acceptance of progressive rather than revolutionary means of change, and new centers of power outside the state that encourage the evolution of civil society….
Economic development has been the primary and steady force behind all other social and political changes in China’s era of reform. The pace of economic growth has been stunning: there are clear, continuing improvements in levels of consumption. Both the regime and the people want economic reform to continue smoothly. For the Communist regime, the desire, or the fantasy, has been political repression in tandem with a free and strong economy.
Economic reform started in the countryside and then spread to the cities. The responsibility system for land management and the contracting system for local government and urban industrial enterprises moved the economy from a centralized planned system to a partial free market, with five forms of ownership: state-owned, cooperative, private, joint-venture, and foreign. Regions with fast economic development led to the creation of special economic zones primarily in the south and coastal areas….
If we look at China’s economy more closely, we find that the miracle was mainly an outgrowth of the non-state-owned sector of the economy. As was pointed out earlier, while the industrial output of the state sector increased by 81 percent from 1978 to 1986, that of cooperative-owned enterprises increased 220 percent. Privately owned enterprises had an even higher output.
Without the initiation of the reform program by the government, the development of all these non-state-owned sectors would not have been possible (although the reform in the countryside started almost spontaneously). But, as the opportunity was provided for continuing development, the privatized economy with a market-oriented system quickly gained its own momentum.
This was demonstrated by the economic situation after the 1989 Tiananmen crackdown, when the central government tried to contain the newly established mixed system in the centralized model. And it was to some extent successful – but with an ironic twist. In 1989, with the arbitrary imposition of political control over the economy, the growth rate did turn out to be only less than half the usual – about 4 percent….
Reform opened China to the world of information and high technology. The demand increases for information of every variety. Domestic sources of news and other kinds of information, and their means of delivery, have been controlled tightly by the government, of course. Yet, during this period, alternative sources of information have become available, especially the international news media via short-wave radio and foreign magazines that are available both legally and illegally. People can afford more sophisticated radio equipment to get around government jamming; the southern provinces can easily receive radio and TV programs from Hong Kong and Taiwan. And with the increase of social mobility and various communications vehicles, information travels very quickly once it gets into the country.
The Voice of America, British Broadcasting Company, and other international Chinese-language programs transmit to China on a regular basis. Since the changes in the former Soviet Union, even Radio Moscow and Radio Pravda have been providing some valuable objective news for the Chinese people. Important international newspapers are also available in limited numbers. Hong Kong newspaper, magazines, and other publications have become one of the most important alternative news sources in China. There are also publications that are sent in by exiled dissident groups.
Except for the Hong Kong publications, most of the other news sources focus mainly on international events. It is important that the Chinese people understand the wider world objectively; perhaps even more important is that they receive reliable information about their own situation. “Local” information coming in from the outside has become an important part of Chinese life – especially because the regime would prefer to provide no coverage at all, for instance, regarding demonstrations in one or another region, or the situations of well-known dissidents in China or in exile.
For people in a totalitarian country like China, balanced, objective news coverage contrasts sharply with government propaganda. Such news sources were blamed by the Chinese government as the “black hand behind the scene” of various pro-democracy movements. The authorities attacked for the obvious reason: in a country like China, truth, if different than government propaganda, can upset and even incite.
The external areas that influence China most immediately are Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Most of them have been developing business relationships with China. Most Southeast Asian countries generate neither favorable nor unfavorable pressure for China’s democratization. South Korea and Japan are the same. Actually, by engaging in normal business with China after the 1989 crackdown and in other ways cooperating with the Chinese government, Japan has been viewed mostly as a negative factor for China’s democratic change.
Hong Kong and Taiwan, on the other hand, are very positive influences for democratization. Particularly in Hong Kong, scheduled to be returned to China by Great Britain in 1997, people are concerned deeply about the democratic future of China; the Mainland’s future is closely tied to their own. Not only have communications and trade been linking Hong Kong and the Mainland, but pro-democracy activities for Hong Kong and for Mainland China are highly organized and very strong. The territory has also been the most important channel for Chinese dissidents to flee China to the West. In fact, on his arrival, the head of China’s official Xinhua News Agency in Hong Kong – the Chinese government agency representing Mainland interests – called the territory “the frontier of all anti-communist forces for China.”
Changes in the former socialist countries have significantly influenced China as well. The democratization of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union was very encouraging in the first instance. Difficulties in consolidating the new systems, especially economic problems, have made the Chinese people more cautious and reserved in their enthusiasm. But these problems have not discouraged the democratizers for China; on the contrary, the first-stage successes of the Eastern Europeans and former Soviets have proven to the Chinese that basic political reform can be achieved. The difficulties these countries are facing simply make the Chinese activists think more deeply about the long-term prospects for China’s future.
All variables and imponderables considered, it is probably safe to predict that a fundamental political change will occur – perhaps quite soon – that will end the current regime in China. Because of widespread dissatisfaction not only among the people and rank-and-file party members, but also party cadres, the breakdown of the current regime also will substantially dissolve the Communist party. Pessimism among party cadres has been reported (in The Press Freedom Guardian) to be as high as 35 percent.
Meanwhile, opposition forces keep growing in China and in exile. When the breakdown of the old system occurs, even taking all uncertainties into account, a significant part of the highly educated Mainland Chinese students now overseas will return to China. There are about 100,000 of them in the United States, Canada, Australia, East and West Europe, and Japan. Most of them stayed in these countries out of fear of political persecution and because of the hopeless employment opportunities under the current regime. They will systematically introduce Western technologies as well as Western democratic values into their homeland.
Looking at China as a whole, it remains quite unclear whether, after the regime breaks down, democracy will be installed. But when the possibility of regional autonomy after the breakdown of the current totalitarian political structure is taken into account, the situation will look different. For one thing, in the regions that already have entered the upper range of the transitional economic zone, the political, economic, external, and eventually cultural conditions are favorable to the installation and consolidation of democracy. Then, too, the interdependency of different regions will create a snowball effect. Developed regions with something close to stable democracy will favor the expansion of democracy into underdeveloped or developing regions. Economic and political ties between the two kinds of regions will make it difficult for the latter type to escape the changes.
Meanwhile, regions like Tibet and Xingjiang Wigur (also known as East Turkistan) may break away, or at least remain as strongly autonomous entities. Their cultural traditions and economic and political conditions will not much influence the democratization of the rest of the country either way.
There is one factor that makes predictions about the future of China very difficult, and that is the involvement of the military forces in the transition process. If the process remains relatively stable and peaceful, for instance, the army may be expected to stay relatively aloof. But this conclusion is tenuous. There are a great many military officers with political ambitions also waiting for the death of the old guard at the top of the military hierarchy. Whether the civilian political elites can reach compromises to co-exist with military leaders, with the inevitable shift of the army’s role in the country, is a question that is impossible to answer now with any certainty.
And so the question mark remains in the title of this article. But there are grounds to hope, on the basis of trends already underway, that the auguries for the future are – on balance – favorable to a democratic China.
|
<urn:uuid:f9f59e80-b3cb-4042-9473-c54a0bddccf6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-34
|
https://shentong.me/category/uncategorized/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886108709.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170821133645-20170821153645-00035.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95217 | 4,189 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A type that provides an integer hash value.
- Xcode 6.0.1+
- Swift Standard Library
You can use any type that conforms to the
Hashable protocol in a set or as a dictionary key. Many types in the standard library conform to
Hashable: Strings, integers, floating-point and Boolean values, and even sets provide a hash value by default. Your own custom types can be hashable as well. When you define an enumeration without associated values, it gains
Hashable conformance automatically, and you can add
Hashable conformance to your other custom types by adding a single
A hash value, provided by a type’s
hash property, is an integer that is the same for any two instances that compare equally. That is, for two instances
b of the same type, if
a == b, then
a. The reverse is not true: Two instances with equal hash values are not necessarily equal to each other.
Conforming to the Hashable Protocol
To use your own custom type in a set or as the key type of a dictionary, add
Hashable conformance to your type. The
Hashable protocol inherits from the
Equatable protocol, so you must also satisfy that protocol’s requirements.
A custom type’s
Equatable requirements are automatically synthesized by the compiler when you declare
Hashable conformance in the type’s original declaration and your type meets these criteria:
struct, all its stored properties must conform to
enum, all its associated values must conform to
enumwithout associated values has
Hashableconformance even without the declaration.)
To customize your type’s
Hashable conformance, to adopt
Hashable in a type that doesn’t meet the criteria listed above, or to extend an existing type to conform to
Hashable, implement the
hash property in your custom type. To ensure that your type meets the semantic requirements of the
Equatable protocols, it’s a good idea to also customize your type’s
Equatable conformance to match.
As an example, consider a
Grid type that describes a location in a grid of buttons. Here’s the initial declaration of the
You’d like to create a set of the grid points where a user has already tapped. Because the
Grid type is not hashable yet, it can’t be used as the
Element type for a set. To add
Hashable conformance, provide an
== operator function and a
hash property in this example combines the hash value of a grid point’s
x property with the hash value of its
y property multiplied by a prime constant.
Grid conforms to the
Hashable protocol, you can create a set of previously tapped grid points.
|
<urn:uuid:f22bc4d3-5119-42d4-a931-a3bf84852cf1>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-13
|
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swift/hashable?changes=latest_minor
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257648226.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20180323122312-20180323142312-00007.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.812644 | 589 | 2.546875 | 3 |
(c. 1690 - 11 Jul 1797)
Irish actor and dramatist who as an actor played Shakesperean characters many times throughout a long career. He distinguished the role of Shylock by breaking it from a traditional comic portrayal. His brushes with the law include successfully defending himself at trial for murder resulting from accidentally killing a man during a quarrel. His birthdate is uncertain, although he claimed to be a centenarian before his death.
Science Quotes by Charles Macklin (1 quote)
The law is a sort of hocus-pocus science, that smiles in yer face while it picks yer pocket; and the glorious uncertainty of it is of mair use to the professors than the justice of it.
— Charles Macklin
Love à la Mode, Act 2. Scene 1. In John Bartlett, Familiar Quotations (1868), 304.
|
<urn:uuid:bc697bca-58b5-4eda-8a65-a679f7663b69>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-30
|
https://todayinsci.com/M/Macklin_Charles/MacklinCharles-Quotations.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526888.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20190721040545-20190721062545-00040.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941895 | 186 | 2.75 | 3 |
The Holy of Holies was the inner sanctuary of the Jerusalem Temple, thus it was perhaps the most important place for Israelites.
Unfortunately the Temple was destroyed by the Romans in 70CE, meaning that historians and scholars are unable to visit and physically investigate the site; so to discover the purpose and importance of this place, written sources must be considered.
The Bible is one such source, and it details the genesis of the Holy of Holies in the account of Moses on Mt. Sinai and the creation of the Tabernacle. More than simply helping us to understand the layout and composition of the Holy of Holies, the Bible also reveals its significance in the Israelite religion. It enables us to imagine the rituals which took place there, and shows just how sacred the site was seen to be.
The Holy of Holies was so sacred to the Israelites as it was seen as God's resting place on the earth. It was incredibly significant for both religion and society, and was essentially the center of the Israelite faith. Hence, it is a worthy artifact to investigate.
Exhibit title image: Zippori Mosaic representing Holy of Holies. From: http://www.pomegranate-travel.com/private-tours-israel/
|
<urn:uuid:415f8c52-b1e5-4fbf-a158-391bc597ea8d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-17
|
http://gospelsmuseum.div.ed.ac.uk/exhibits/show/holy-of-holies/introduction
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917124299.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031204-00364-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973584 | 259 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Keeping the Kitchen Clean
- Wash all cooking surfaces (tables or flat boards) with clean water before and after preparing food.
- Use clean utensils for storing, preparing, serving and eating food. This means they should have
- been washed with clean water and soap.
- Wash utensils and surfaces touched by meat, poultry or fish with hot water and soap before preparing other foods
- Store kitchen utensils on a raised platform above the ground where there is sunlight and enough air circulation.
- Utensils stored on the ground are easily contaminated with germs.
- Cover food to keep flies and dust away.
- Keep rubbish in a covered bin and empty it regularly.
|
<urn:uuid:221c4445-1dc1-4891-96b0-1379a0d90d71>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-31
|
https://www.ticahealth.org/interactive-guide/helpful-hints/clean-kitchen/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046152129.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210726120442-20210726150442-00324.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945037 | 145 | 3.609375 | 4 |
This is where you will learn how to calculate one hundred fifty-eight minus one percent (158 minus 1 percent). We will first explain and illustrate with pictures so you get a complete understanding of what 158 minus 1 percent means, and then we will give you the formula at the very end.
We start by showing you the image below of a dark blue box that contains 158 of something.
1 percent means 1 per hundred, so for each hundred in 158, you want to subtract 1. Thus, you divide 158 by 100 and then multiply the quotient by 1 to find out how much to subtract. Here is the math to calculate how much we should subtract:
(158 ÷ 100) × 1
We made a pink square that we put on top of the image shown above to illustrate how much 1 percent is of the total 158:
The dark blue not covered up by the pink is 158 minus 1 percent. Thus, we simply subtract the 1.58 from 158 to get the answer:
158 - 1.58
The explanation and illustrations above are the educational way of calculating 158 minus 1 percent. You can also, of course, use formulas to calculate 158 minus 1%.
Below we show you two formulas that you can use to calculate 158 minus 1 percent and similar problems in the future.
Number - ((Number × Percent/100))
158 - ((158 × 1/100))
158 - 1.58
Number × (1 - (Percent/100))
158 × (1 - (1/100))
158 × 0.99
Number Minus Percent
Go here if you need to calculate any other number minus any other percent.
159 minus 1 percent
Here is the next percent tutorial on our list that may be of interest.
|
<urn:uuid:73fead98-9e13-421f-81e2-43f41ccfb3d3>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://percent.info/minus/1/how-to-calculate-158-minus-1-percent.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100686.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20231207185656-20231207215656-00481.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.872252 | 361 | 3.390625 | 3 |
This thesis describes the development of a honeybee robot for the analysis of the dance communication system of the European Honeybee (Apis Mellifera). “RoboBee” is a tool to find out which of the stimuli produced by a dancing bee are actual signals, i.e. which stimuli are used by the follower bees to decode the message. This dissertation comprises six chapters:
First, I introduce the reader to the motivation, scope and structure of the dissertation.
Then I give a detailed overview of the key aspects of this thesis. Beginning with a short introduction to the history of waggle dance research, I report current views on the function and mechanism of the dance. In this chapter I also report on open questions in our understanding of the communication process. In the second part of the chapter, I list similar systems that were used to imitate the waggle dance. I close the chapter by report on more general examples of robots in behavioral biology.
The following chapter contains description of own preliminary work and experiments prior to building RoboBee. First, I introduce basic methods for keeping bees under experimental conditions. I outline lighting and video recording setups that I used in many works that follow up in later parts of the thesis. Then I specify details of a computer vision algorithm that I developed to track waggle dances in video recordings. Subsequently, I analyze waggle dance trajectories statistically, concluding with a computer model of the dance motion. In the last section, I describe experimental tests for the characterization of the sensory capabilities of honeybees.
|
<urn:uuid:8a51b1e8-31c8-4799-ab03-efb22cf44124>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-05
|
http://www.mi.fu-berlin.de/inf/groups/ag-ki/Theses/Completed-theses/Ph_D_-theses/2013/Landgraf/index.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889660.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120142458-20180120162458-00033.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.918124 | 315 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Virtual reality study could help teach self-driving cars ethics
Why it matters to you
Research could one day help autonomous cars make moral and ethical decisions like a human.
If you ever worry that technology isn’t moving fast enough, imagine telling someone 25 years ago that a project involving the use of virtual reality to train self-driving cars to behave ethically would one day be a real thing. That is exactly what a team of German researchers has been working on in a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioural Neuroscience. And it is actually a whole lot more serious than you might initially think.
The idea, essentially, is to explore the kinds of challenging moral questions that self-driving cars will at some point have to make — for example, whether it is better to risk the lives of everyone in a packed car by steering off the road at high speed than to hit a child who has run out into the road.
“Our paper outlines a two-step process comprised of an assessment of human moral behavior and subsequent modeling of the observations made,” Leon René Sütfeld, a Ph.D. candidate in cognitive science at Osnabrück University and lead author of the study, told Digital Trends. “We developed a virtual reality environment depicting a road traffic scenario, in order to assess the moral behavior in the same context as a model of it may be applied. After running the experiment [on 105 human participants with Oculus headsets], we trained three different computer models of different complexities to see how well each of them would describe the observations. The main finding is that one-dimensional value-of-life models are able to describe or predict human behavior in these situations with good accuracy.”
The paper is interesting on its own merits to help unpack some of the decisions we make under stress regarding a sort of hierarchy of life value. Roughly speaking, this equates to children at the top, followed by adults, followed by animals.
However, it is interesting because it hints at some very real work that will be part of vehicle makers’ immediate future — if it’s not already part of what they do.
“Whether or not something like this is missing in current self-driving vehicles is a little tricky to answer,” Sütfeld said. “First off, we don’t know what systems exactly are used in those cars, and how they function in detail. Second, with the low number of self-driving vehicles today, situations like the ones outlined earlier are extremely rare. However, with increasing market saturation, these cases become more and more probable, and that’s when such ethical decision-making systems become more and more important.”
Sütfeld notes that these are still early days for the project, and really serves as a baseline for future studies — rather than in any way a definitive solution to the problem. (If such a thing can ever exist.) Still, it’s fascinating to see how much a part of AI the subject of ethics is becoming.
|
<urn:uuid:5cf99385-7a07-4d18-9249-f69502ae1f43>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
https://blog.aivanet.com/2017/07/12/virtual-reality-study-could-help-teach-self-driving-cars-ethics/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549448095.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20170728062501-20170728082501-00230.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958914 | 631 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Homosexuality is not a criminal offence in Russia — since 1993. In 1999 it ceased to be regarded as a mental illness. Indeed, Russian history has many famous homosexuals — the poet Alexei Apukhtin; Sergei Diaghilev, the founder of the Ballets Russes; and of course the composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky. The younger brother of Tsar Alexander III, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, was famous for his homosexual exploits while serving as Governor of Moscow from 1891 to 1905.
Homosexuality was legalised following the Bolshevik revolution in 1917. But in 1933, under Stalin, Article 121 of the Criminal Code made male homosexuality a crime punishable by up to 5 years imprisonment with hard labour. This anti-gay law, like the prohibition of abortion at the same time, was strongly supported by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC), which began to revive following the enactment of the 1936 USSR Constitution, Article 124 of which declared freedom of religion. The Church was fully rehabilitated by Stalin in 1943, to play a decisive role in the Great Patriotic War. The ROC is to this day a fierce opponent of gay rights.
In 2006 gay activists attempted to organise the first Gay Pride march in Moscow, but this was banned by the Moscow City authorities, and marchers were forcibly dispersed. Applications to hold a Gay Pride march in Moscow have been rejected every year since. On 21 May 2015 the City once again rejected an application to hold a march on 30 May 2015. The RIA Novosti agency quoted the Mayor’s spokesman Alexey Mayorov as saying.”We have warned the organisers that the demonstration will not be authorised,” and told them of the risks should they ignore the ban. No reasons for the ban were given.
The gay rights activist Peter Tatchell was present with other foreign observers in 2006 and said: “We were immediately set upon by about 100 fascist thugs and religious fanatics who began pushing, punching and kicking us.” In 2007 Tatchell and the German parliamentarian Volker Beck were punched in the face by anti-gay protesters.
In 2007, 2008 and 2009 the leading Russian gay activist Nikolay Alekseyev applied to the European Court of Human Rights complaining of a violation of his right to peaceful assembly on account of the repeated ban on public events he had organised in 2006, 2007 and 2008. He also complained that he had not had an effective remedy against the alleged violation of his freedom of assembly and that the Moscow authorities’ treatment of his applications to hold the events had been discriminatory.
He argued that his right under Article 30 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which provides that everyone has the right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly, had been violated. Article 55 (3) provides that rights and freedoms may be restricted by federal laws for the protection of constitutional principles, public morals, health and the rights and lawful interests of others, and to ensure the defence and security of the State. The 2004 Federal Law “On assemblies, meetings, demonstrations, marches and picketing” should, if applied properly, permit Gay Pride marches where application has been made beforehand.
On 21 October 2010 the Court unanimously — including the great Russian judge Anatoly Kovler — concluded that the ban on the events organised by Mr Alekseyev did not correspond to a pressing social need and was thus not necessary in a democratic society. Furthermore, he had been denied an effective legal remedy, and he had suffered discrimination.
This resounding judgment did not lead to a change in the policy of the Moscow authorities. Many more complaints to the European Court of Human Rights are pending. It is highly likely that the Court will adopt a “pilot judgment” against Russia, setting out detailed instructions designed to resolve what is clearly a systemic issue.
On 13 December 2010 the Federal Law “On protection of children from information leading to harm to their health and development”, promoted by Yelena Mizulina, came into force, and has been amended – and made more severe — by amendments in 2012 and 2013. The 2013 amendment added “propaganda” promoting “non-traditional sexual relationships” as a class of harmful content under the law. The Code of Administrative Misdemeanors (KOAP) provides by Article 6.17 for punishment of violation of the Law by large fines. Yelena Mizulina is the chairperson of the Russian Duma’s Committee on Family, Women, and Children. She is the Russian Mary Whitehouse, a champion of high moral standards, and promotes legislative initiatives to improve the morality of Russian society.
Nevertheless, there have been few prosecutions to date. Here are examples. In December 2013, Mr Alexeyev and Yaroslav Yevtushenko picketed outside a children’s library in Arkhangelsk holding banners that read, “Gays aren’t made, they’re born!” The two were fined 4,000 roubles and their appeal was rejected. The activist Dmitry Isakov protested the law in Kazan. Several months later, he was summoned to court after a teenager in Arkhangelsk had seen photos of his protest online and filed a complaint. Isakov was fined 4,000 roubles in January 2014. The newspaper editor Alexander Suturin was summoned to court after he published an interview with an openly gay schoolteacher in his weekly paper in Khabarovsk. Fines are much higher for those accused of spreading propaganda with the help of media or the Internet, and Mr Suturin was fined 50,000 rubles in 2014. In the interview, the teacher, who was told his school contract would not be renewed after he came out publicly as gay, defended LGBT rights. The teacher’s dismissal has been upheld in court.
17 May every year is the International Day Against Homophobia, Transphobia and Biphobia. That date was chosen to commemorate the decision to remove homosexuality from the International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1990.
On 17 May 2015, various events devoted to the International Day took place all over the world. In Russia, applications to hold LGBT pickets or demonstrations are highly likely to be rejected by the local authorities. Activists have therefore organised “rainbow flashmobs”, and these and other events took place in 16 Russian cities — in Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, Ekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Moscow, Nakhodka, Novosibirsk, Murmansk, Samara, St. Petersburg, Omsk, Perm, Tolyatti, Tomsk, Tyumen and Khabarovsk. Most rallies took place without serious incidents.
Bill Bowring is Professor of Law at Birkbeck College, Barrister, Fellow of the Essex Human Rights centre, founder and chair of the European Human Rights Advocacy Centre (EHRAC), author most recently of Law, Rights and Ideology in Russia: Landmarks in the Destiny of a Great Power (Routledge, 2013). Follow Bill on Twitter @BillBowring
This article also published in Society for Co-operation in Russian and Soviet Studies, Digest No.2, Summer 2015
|
<urn:uuid:969de6ee-ea0c-4e76-8ee6-563a09cb38c0>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-34
|
http://criticallegalthinking.com/2015/06/04/gay-rights-in-russia/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221210408.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20180816015316-20180816035316-00376.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970376 | 1,494 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Life Skills and Independent Living Skills
Life Skills Curriculum
At Combe Pafford School we understand the need to ensure all of our pupils are suitably prepared and encouraged to live an independent, safe and healthy lifestyle. The Life Skills curriculum works to address the challenges faced by our students and content is reviewed regularly to ensure we are adequately meeting the needs of pupils. Our curriculum aims to support our young people into adulthood by promoting good health, independent living options, healthy relationships and community inclusion.
The Curriculum Intends:
• To prepare pupils for independent life as an adult
• To prepare pupils to recognise risky situations, how to manage them safely and seek help
• To teach pupils how to be safe in the community when travelling and getting ready for independent travel
• To support pupils to make informed decisions on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle through exercise, diet and well-being
• To provide opportunities for pupils to experience different aspects of leisure, identifying ways and means to engage with and enjoy leisure activities
Our curriculum delivery:
Benefits to pupils (impact):
• Pupils will learn how to take responsibility for their own safety, health and hygiene.
• Pupils will understand the benefits of playing an active role within their community.
• Within a safe and supported environment, pupils can role play and explore real life situations and unfamiliar concepts, developing the skills of negotiation, assertiveness, communication and self-awareness.
• Pupils will be supported to develop the ability to problem-solve within real life situations and manage how to overcome any barriers or fears.
|
<urn:uuid:2dc7c931-d28c-45a6-b21e-7d2d961434d6>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://www.combepaffordschool.co.uk/page/?title=Life+Skills+and+Independent+Living+Skills&pid=261
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100057.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129073519-20231129103519-00768.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935655 | 325 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Ibiraci, with its current 13 thousand habitants, is one of few cities that has kept its indigenous name until now. A rough translation from the Tupi language means “the tree mother” (the joining of ybyrá – tree – and sy – mother). Until the 16th century it was normal to see tribes of Xacriabás, Crenaques, Aranãs, Mocurins, Atu-Auá-Araxás and Puris wandering these lands. Today, this legacy is hidden in some local habits and vocabulary and few people notice how indigenous people have influenced their life.
The city belongs to the meso-region of Sul e Sudoeste de Minas and to the micro-region of Passos, and neighbors the municipalities of Sacramento, Delfinópolis, Cássia, Capetinga, Itirapuã, Patrocínio Paulista, Franca and Claraval. Considering that Ibiraci is relatively close to the Alta Mogiana region, it is easy to conclude that plateaus make up the local topography.
What you should know about this region:
With great lands, most coffee producers have medium to large properties, and family farming is not common. In the past, quantity offered better conditions to build nice infrastructure to process the coffee before, during and after the harvest. The money from commodity businesses from the past provided a good foundation for those who wanted to invest in quality.
Specialty, on the other hand, offers much better prices, especially when these farmers developed close partnerships with serious traders. Modern machinery and high-tech methodologies to cultivate and process the coffee are leading the way for specialty coffee in this region. For this reason, mechanized harvesting is fairly common and natural is the main processing method. Different ways to dry the cherries are used on these big properties. Everything from cement drying and asphalt patios to large mechanical dryers are used to take good care of high-quality beans. Their goal is to achieve perfection with their naturals.
Coffee production was introduced in Minas Gerais at the end of the 19th century
Coffee financed the transportation infrastructure and a great deal of industrialization in the region.
Its winter (which occurs during the harvest) is dry, with a maximum rainfall of 17mm in August, which facilitates post-harvest processing.
The summer peak in January is pretty rainy with an average of 347mm.
|
<urn:uuid:6b6f3136-6bec-4822-a7b3-56e0619ccd1d>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-25
|
https://bourboncoffees.com.br/regions/ibiraci/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487637721.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618134943-20210618164943-00478.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94969 | 514 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Did you know that the U.S. has a higher imprisonment rate than even Russia? And the U.S. imprisonment rate is about six times that of many European countries.
(This first figure was made by Kieran Healy.)
When and how did this happen? It started in the 1980s with Reagan’s “war on drugs.” The figure below shows the increase in the incarceration rate beginning in the 1980s (# of people out of 100,000).
So our imprisonment rate is the result of imprisoning people who break drug laws, NOT violent criminals or even people who commit property crimes. The increase is largely due to more aggressive policing of drug law violations.
And, as you can see in the figure below, the aggressive policing of drug law violations can be found disproportionately in black neighborhoods. (White and black people take drugs at a very similar rate, but black neighborhoods are more heavily policing and drugs more common among blacks than white have carried heavier sentences — i.e., crack versus cocaine until recently). This figure shows that the increase in the incarceration rate is mostly an increase in the black incarceration rate.
Thanks to the amazing Pam Oliver for reminding me that this last graph comes from her work on the incarceration rate (found here).
|
<urn:uuid:bcbfdce5-4760-499c-aa2b-08a3eb4821c9>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-13
|
https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2008/07/27/some-trends-in-imprisonment/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647885.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20180322131741-20180322151741-00343.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970066 | 258 | 2.875 | 3 |
By Dr. Mercola
A report summarizing data from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provides national estimates for a broad range of health measures for the U.S. population.
Estimates were calculated for selected chronic conditions, selected mental health characteristics, functional limitations, health status, health care access, and health behaviors.
One set of data looked at physical leisure-time activity. The survey showed that:
- 33 percent of adults were considered "inactive"
- 35 percent of adults engaged in leisure-time physical activity on a regular basis
- More than half of adults over the age of 18 never engaged in any vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more per week
- 28 percent of adults engage in periods of vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting more than 10 minutes or more, three or more times per week
- Men engaged in leisure-time physical activity on a regular basis more often than women.
According to the report:
"Regarding vigorous leisure-time physical activity, 50 percent of men never engaged in periods of vigorous leisure-time physical activity lasting 10 minutes or more per week compared with 60 percent of women. Thirty-one percent of men engaged in such activities three or more times per week compared with 25 percent of women."
The Importance of Remaining Physically Active
The fact that more than half of all American adults NEVER engage in any type of physical exercise at all is troubling because such profound lack of exercise can have severe health repercussions. The reason why women are less active than men may be because men in general tend to be more involved with group sports. Women also tend to carry a heavier burden running the household and caring for children, often working as well, which leaves less time for leisure activities.
Whatever your reasons, regardless of your sex, a growing body of research clearly shows that "exercise deficiency" threatens your overall health and mental well-being, and shortens your lifespan.
- In one 2010 study, published by the American Cancer Society, women who spent six hours a day sitting down increased their risk of death by 37 percent compared to those who spent less than three hours a day sitting down.
- According to a 2009 study in Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, the more time you spend sitting down, the greater your risk of dying from all causes.
- Less physical activity leaves you more prone to depression because you have lower levels of endorphins or feel-good hormones. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise may in fact the one of the most powerful strategies for depression, out-performing anti-depressants.
- A study featured in Clinical Cardiology showed that morbidly obese individuals – those with body mass indexes between 40 and 49.9 – spent on average just over 23 hours and 50 min per day either sleeping or engaged in sedentary activity, and took less than 2,500 steps daily, which is far below the recommended 10,000 steps for healthy living. Needless to say, obesity has been linked to five of the top 10 diseases with the highest mortality rates: cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke.
- Obesity and physical inactivity makes your body less sensitive to the glucose-lowering effects of insulin. Insulin resistance leads to higher blood levels of insulin, which can increase your risk of at least 20 serious diseases and health conditions that are directly attributable to being overweight. As for overweight children, teens and young adults, it's important to realize that carrying excess weight early in life increases the number of years they're exposed to all the health risks associated with obesity.
The benefits of regular exercise are so numerous, summarizing them all would easily require an entire book or two, but below are a dozen examples. For more information about how exercise can help you prevent or treat the following conditions, please review the hyperlinked articles:
Two Factors Influenced by Exercise Account for Many of its Health Benefits
While the biological influence of exercise cannot easily be summed up, I'd like to point out two factors that are strongly influenced by physical activity, which helps explain how the benefits of exercise can be so far-reaching:
- Exercise reduces your insulin levels and helps normalize your insulin receptor sensitivity, and this is the single most important physical factor responsible for decelerating and preventing nearly every chronic disease known to man
- Exercise helps prevent telomere shortening, which drives cellular aging, making it a very powerful anti-aging strategy. It does this by activating the enzyme telomerase, which stabilizes telomeres, producing an anti-aging effect at the cellular level. Research indicates physically active people have significantly less erosion of telomeres than even healthy, non-smoking, but sedentary folks.
How to Overcome Resistance to Exercise
Probably the most common reason people give for not exercising is that they don't have enough time. I would ask you to start thinking about exercise as being every bit as important as eating, sleeping and breathing. This is precisely what I do and I can confidently assure you that I work my schedule around my exercise. I rarely let anything ever interfere with it. I seek to work out every day, but nearly always alternate hard workouts with easy ones like Pilates or Power Plate stretching. My hard workouts are once a week doing a Peak Fitness workout on the elliptical, and three strength training days.
Once you start viewing it as a necessity rather than a 'leisure activity,' you may finally discover that there's time for it after all. The trick to making time for exercise is to view it as a non-negotiable part of your day. You need to place a high priority on it and schedule your day around the exercise; not the other way around. Another way to look at it is to view exercise as a drug, and actually write out a prescription for it, based on factors such as:
- your current physical condition
- your fitness goals
- your health concerns
- activities you enjoy
- best time of day for you to workout
A great tool for creating your own exercise prescription is my Daily Exercise Table. If you are overweight or have other health concerns, your goal should be to do Sprint 8's up to three times per week and once you reach your ideal body weight cut back to one or two per week. Remember if you are doing these workouts properly, you should really never do it more than three times a week. Additionally you should add strength workouts to your regimen as the increased muscle mass will help reduce fat.
As for age, please don't use that as an excuse because no matter what your age, exercise can provide enormous benefits for your health. And it actually becomes increasingly important with age. Ditto for pregnant women and those with serious diseases like cancer. Within the last two years, health authorities have begun urging people in both of these categories to engage in regular exercise to promote a healthy pregnancy and successful recovery.
Getting Back Into the Exercise Groove
If you're just getting back into exercising, you'll need to work your way up slowly. Trying to do too much at once can lead to burnout and make you less likely to continue your program. To start, you might try walking interspersed with a period of fast walking to incorporate the Peak Fitness ideology. Then, as your body grows more conditioned, you can increase to a higher intensity workout. A sound, well-rounded regimen will include the following types of exercises:
- High intensity interval exercises
- Conventional aerobics
- Strength training
- Core exercises like Pilates
- Stretching like Yoga or active isolated stretching
If you experience emotional resistance, you may want to try a few of the recommendations from the article Five Ways to Pick up the Exercise Habit Again. As you remove the emotional resistance that is keeping you from exercising, and plan regular workouts to fit into your schedule, you'll have an easier time sticking to your exercise routine. And the more you exercise -- and therefore the more benefits you experience -- the more addictive it becomes.
At that point, you won't need enormous levels of discipline. You'll simply feel so good, you won't want to stop and lose that feeling.
|
<urn:uuid:2e9faa4e-149b-4a47-aee7-ad85335b7047>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-11
|
http://fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2011/10/21/which-sex-exercises-more.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463676.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00210-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955001 | 1,671 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Smart cities, sometimes referred to as connected cities, have merely been an intangible thought or dream in years past. However, with the megatrend of the Internet of Things becoming ever so prominent, that dream has become a reality.
For a city to truly be a smart city there needs to be numerous smart systems in place. A smart system is made up of multiple connected devices that all communicate with each other. A smart city is a very large compilation of smart systems.
A smart city will have copious amounts of devices and systems communicating with each other.
A simple street light can now have multiple purposes beyond lighting a path. It could have sensors to monitor traffic flow, pollution levels and open parking spots.
Garbage dumpsters could have sensors on them to alert waste management companies when they are nearing capacity.
Smart roadways can transmit data to smart vehicles alerting drivers of unexpected road conditions like ice or traffic jams.
A smart energy grid is a good example of how a connected city will positively impact our environment.
Let’s say that the connected city has a smart energy grid made up of smart wind turbines, smart solar panels and the local energy plant. The wind turbines will precisely adjust the pitch of their blades for optimum energy production. Solar panels can send notifications when they are producing large volumes of energy on a bright and sunny day. Your smart home can receive these notifications to determine when the most optimum time will be to use electricity, such as automatically turning on appliances that you have set to run that day or heating and cooling your home when energy is in abundance. This will greatly decrease the occurrence of energy blackouts and help each home make a smaller carbon footprint.
The implications of a connected city will continue to improve our daily lives in a variety of ways. From saving money on energy costs to knowing exactly where the closest parking spot is located, the positive impact of the Internet of Things is something that all cities will gladly adopt in the very near future.
|
<urn:uuid:5f15670b-b7fc-43cb-8ee7-313c9273fc35>
|
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
https://www.c2m.net/blog/what-is-a-smart-city
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474737.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20240228143955-20240228173955-00157.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944237 | 400 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Simple sequence length polymorphism is used as a genetic marker with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) . An SSLP is a type of polymorphism : a difference in the DNA sequence between individuals . The intergenic regions of SSLP deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are repeated sequences at different base lengths. Variation in SSLP length can be used to understand the genetic variation between two individuals in a certain species .
An example of the use of SSLPs ( microsatellites ) is seen in a study by Rosenberg et al., where SSLP was used to cluster different continental castes . The study was pivotal to Nicholas Wade ‘s New York Times bestseller, Before the Dawn: Recovering the Lost History of Our Ancestors .
Rosenberg studied 377 SSLPs in 1000 people in 52 different regions of the world. Using PCR and cluster analysis , Rosenberg was able to group individuals who had similar SSLPs. These were extremely useful for the simple sequence length polymorphism experiment because they do not affect the phenotype of individuals, thus being unaffected by natural selection .
What do you understand by polymorphism?
In materials science, polymorphism is the ability of a solid substance to have more than one form or crystal structure. For example, coal, graphite and diamond are all three forms of carbon. Similarly both calcite and aragonite are polyforms of calcium carbonate.
2 What do you understand by DNA polymorphism?
In simple words, if (at high frequency) an underlying mutation is observed in a population, it is called a DNA polymorphism. Such variation seen in a noncoding DNA sequence would likely be high because mutations in these sequences may not have an immediate effect/impact in an individual’s fertility.
What do you understand by polymorphism, write its various properties?
In computer science, polymorphism is a feature of a programming language that helps to handle different types of data using a common interface. The concept of parametric polymorphism applies to both data types and functions.
What is a DNA tester, explain its utility in biotechnology?
Question: What is a DNA tester? State its utility in biotechnology. Genetic testing is an important health care tool that can tell people a lot about their bodies. These tests analyze a sample of a person’s DNA and look for specific changes associated with various conditions.
|
<urn:uuid:d5c4ce2e-449a-436a-ba87-1ee803c0c64c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-49
|
https://topfuturepoint.com/sslp-simple-sequence-length-polymorphism/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710488.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20221128070816-20221128100816-00855.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938834 | 494 | 3.90625 | 4 |
Marxists are sometimes accussed of being dismissive of oppression, preferring to emphasise the importance of class. Sara Bennett explains why socialists argue for working class unity as the best way to combat, and ultimately abolish, all forms of oppression
Forty five years ago being gay in Britain was a criminal offence. Today there is a good chance we could see gay marriage legalised by the government before the end of its term in office. This is just one example of many huge strides forward we have achieved in the fight against oppression, whether of LGBT people, women, black people or other oppressed groups.
But despite this significant progress, oppression is still very much a reality. In March a Christian group peddling a "gay cure" attempted to place advertising on London buses that said "Not gay! Post-gay, ex-gay and proud. Get over it!" Disabled people are being denounced as "work-shy" and "lazy" in order to justify the government's attacks on one of the most vulnerable groups in society. But the range of oppression goes well beyond these examples and includes Gypsies and travellers, single mothers and even people who are overweight.
Some aspects of oppression are overtly enshrined in the laws and institutions of the state, such as whether or not you have the right to live or work somewhere other than your native country, or whether you have the right to marry someone of the same gender. But oppression can also result from the more informal way the state or society operates - something that can be seen, for instance, in the much higher proportion of young black men in prison compared to their white counterparts, or the relatively few women who sit on the boards of big companies. To many people this may just seem like "the way things are".
But oppression also creates resistance - and not just from those considered its direct victims, as we can see in the widespread outrage at the killing of Trayvon Martin in February simply for being black and wearing a hoodie in a Florida gated community. What's more, it is often through the experience of oppression, either direct or indirect, that people are drawn towards socialist politics.
Liberation at the heart of Marxism
One of the more frequent accusations against Marxism, however, is that it is rigidly "economistic" and that its emphasis on the importance of class in society means it dismisses sometimes difficult questions relating to oppression. This is not the case and any investigation into the history of Marxism will reveal examples of Marxists addressing different forms of oppression - national, racial and sexual among others - not only theoretically but in practice. After all, at its heart Marxism is about human liberation in a society where "the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all", as the Communist Manifesto put it.
So what is oppression? Firstly, oppression is not depression - it's not a psychological state. You don't need to consciously experience your oppression to be oppressed. Women are oppressed under capitalism, but that doesn't mean there aren't examples of women who embrace their role of housewife and others who "choose" lap dancing as a career. Of course, depression and many other psychological or physical illnesses may well be linked to oppression but it is important not to equate the two. Oppression is not a term that simply describes a relationship where someone feels dominated or controlled by another individual. To believe that could lead us to thinking blacks are able to oppress whites, or a man can be oppressed by his partner.
We also need to make it clear that oppression isn't the same as exploitation. Some activists talk about class oppression as simply another form of oppression, running in parallel with sex and racial oppression. But while we might talk generally about the working class being oppressed by the ruling class, this doesn't reveal the roots of the relationship between the classes that lies at the heart of capitalism. The key to that relationship is exploitation, that is, the extraction of surplus value from workers and the subsequent alienation of workers from their labour.
So for Marxists oppression is not a state of mind or feeling of being oppressed, dominated or controlled by an individual or group of people. Neither is it simply "natural" that some people are racist, sexist or homophobic and so on.
History of oppression
Marx recognised that oppression, far from being a natural and thus a permanent feature of human society, is a historical invention. True, the oppression of certain groups of people in society existed before capitalism. For example, Marx's collaborator Engels traced the origins of women's oppression to the formation of the family with the rise of class society. Despite the many changes to the family over the centuries, it persists to this day because it plays a crucial role in the continuation of the system, by bearing the brunt of the cost for caring for present and past generations of workers and the rearing of the next - all at our own expense. So, despite the fact that the majority of women in this country who can work do work, their role in the family means they still accept lower wages and fewer career opportunities.
Other forms of oppression have arisen with the emergence of capitalism. So racism was created to justify the slave trade and imperialism and is perpetuated by the need to keep workers divided. Towards the end of the 19th century a new sexual identity, the "homosexual", was invented and portrayed as a threat to society and the maintenance of the family. What is common to all forms of oppression, however, is that they have a material basis and arise from the structures and dynamics of class society. Oppression serves to reinforce the interests of capitalism.
But while Marx understood that some forms of oppression existed before capitalism, he also grasped the way the nature of oppression under capitalism was different to what had gone before.
Under feudalism or slavery the mass of the population were either slaves, the property of masters, or serfs tied to particular pieces of land and bound to a lord. Such societies were rigidly hierarchical and were based on the idea that everyone had their "rightful place". Notions of freedom for those other than the rulers in society were rare and subordination in society was widely accepted.
When new societies emerge so too do new ideas. The bourgeois revolutions that overthrew feudalism and paved the way for capitalism did so under the banner of "liberty, equality and fraternity", as the French Revolution put it. This was a huge step forward for humanity compared to previous societies.
Under capitalism production takes the form of creating commodities to be sold in the market. Everything becomes a commodity, including our ability to labour. Workers are no longer tied to individual lords and masters. The new ideas of individual freedom and equality under capitalism reflect this new way of organising production. But in reality freedom for the vast majority of the human race is simply this ability to sell their labour power to one or another capitalist (provided, of course, that there is sufficient demand). Capitalism holds out the promise of liberation, but then denies it to the majority of society.
Capitalist production increasingly comes to depend on the mass cooperation of workers, but as capitalism brings workers together so too it divides them from each other. Workers are forced to continually compete against each other - for jobs, overtime, housing, even access to decent healthcare provision. Oppression helps to create and reinforce divisions between workers. For example, the mass media and mainstream government encourage us to see immigrant workers as inferior to native-born workers. While it may be acceptable for immigrants to participate in our workforce when there are plenty of jobs, as soon as jobs become more scarce,immigrants are portrayed as less deserving of work, and therefore a threat.
These divisions are underpinned by the alienation of workers under capitalism from control over their labour. This results in a sense of powerlessness, especially when workers do not fight back collectively. In this situation,some workers may gain a feeling of empowerment by looking down on others and feeling superior. So a white person may look down on a black person or a man on a woman. And it is not just non-oppressed groups who feel superior to oppressed groups - it cuts across oppressed groups too. For example, a "second-generation immigrant" can feel superior to a recently arrived immigrant, or a gay man ca feel superior to a disabled person.
As a result, some people argue that sections of workers have an interest in sustaining oppression, rather than seeing that all oppression works to allow the continuation of capitalism by providing it with material benefits.
So we hear arguments that men benefit from women's oppression, or that all whites benefit from the oppression of black people. While it's true that non-oppressed groups do not suffer in the way that oppressed people may, it is wrong to think they therefore have some interest in the continuation of oppression. For example, the fact that women in full-time work still earn around 15 percent less than their male counterparts does not allow men's wages to increase further - it simply means it's easier for the bosses to keep all wages down. The best solution to this would be for male and female workers to fight together for decent wages for all. This may be easier said than done for a woman at work being sexually harassed by a male colleague, however. After all, she experiences her oppression through his sexist commetns and gestures. But while he may be the immediate culprit, the causes of oppression run much deeper - they are rooted in capitalism. Socialists have to fight all forms of oppression through the struggle for class unity.
Alienation and distorted notions of freedom and equality also mean that people are not necessarily conscious of their oppression and can lead them to actively embrace some of the worst aspects of it. With the emphasis under capitalism on the individual rather than the social whole, we are made to feel that the worst symptoms of our oppression must be through some fault of our own. Here capitalism steps in to sell us the very "solutions" we need. So we have a whole industry of self-help books in the UK which is estimated to have earned publishers some £60?million in the past five years. In a similar vein, the answer to women not feeling "sexy enough" is to attend pole dancing "fitness classes", or undergo cosmetic surgery. There are even skin-lightening techniques for black people.
A divisive system
Capitalism works quite hard to ensure we keep believing our main enemy is some other group of ordinary people in society rather than the nature of our distorted relationships under capitalist society. The mass media have to continuously pump out horrific anti-immigrant, anti-traveller, anti single mum propaganda. Capitalism maintains its hold by dividing those workers who collectively could overturn it, and ideology plays a significant role. And this means it has to work to undermine the reality of our lives that actually brings us into constant contact and cooperation with all types of people, whether Muslim, gay, disabled and so on.
While many non-Marxists fight with us against oppression, there is often disagreement about our emphasis on the working class as the key agent of change. After all, oppression affects all classes, not just the working class. This means some people believe that the oppressed group itself is the key to overcoming its own oppression. At a recent demonstration at Cambridge University over the visit of former IMF chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn, one of the chants was "The women united will never be defeated." It's not hard to see why this might seem like common sense to some; after all, every woman can be a victim of sexual assault. But which women are we uniting with? Christine Lagarde, Strauss-Kahn's replacement, is central to the imposition of draconian austerity measures across Europe, driving the living standards of millions of women and men down - something that in turn will increase the pressures on people's lives and place more women at the risk of violence.
It's true that oppression doesn't simply affect the working class. Homophobia, sexism and racism affect people of all classes, and a ruling class woman can be oppressed as a woman just as a working class woman is. But the difference is that wealth and power help mitigate the worst effects of the oppression - for example, rich women can employ nannies and cleaners and they are more likely to have the material means to escape domestic violence.
The emphasis revolutionaries place on the question of class, therefore, is not about brushing aside the issue of oppression. Socialists will always defend the rights of oppressed groups to self-organise. Instead it flows from an understanding that the real division in society that causes our oppression and alienation is not our gender, our sexual orientation or our skin colour, but class. The role of revolutionary socialists, therefore, is always to seek to build maximum unity across the working class. We understand there is no automatic unity of the oppressed, and that it is our role to expose how the racism, sexism, homophobia and so on of the system divide us and make us weaker.
While we fight for and welcome changes in the law which extend or protect the rights of discriminated groups, and we understand the importance of education to undermine prejudice, it has always been during periods of class upheaval that leaps forward have been taken in the fight against oppression, for example in the ferment of the late 1960s, where class struggle was also accompanied by a rise in the struggle for women's, black and gay rights, and consequently real gains were made.
More recently, in Egypt, women have found the strength to stand up against the most deplorable acts of sexual intimidation and violence by the military in defence of the revolution they see as theirs. However, in terms of the fight against oppression, nothing can quite match the achievements of the Russian Revolution of October 1917, where among many others, the right to same-sex marriage, abortion on demand and attempts to socialise domestic chores were introduced. This makes the Tories' talk of concessions to gay marriage pale into insignificance.
Working class unity
The working class is facing the biggest attacks in decades. Unity across our class will be crucial if we are to see a fightback capable of victories. In this situation revolutionaries must seek to lead in the struggle not simply as the best class fighters but, as Lenin put it, as the "tribunes of the oppressed". The working class today is more female, more multi-racial, more openly LGBT than ever before. Class unity can at once be the key to defeating the austerity plans of the ruling class but also to overcoming the most divisive aspects of oppression that so many of us face today.
|
<urn:uuid:7fa9226b-724c-464d-81ed-00850ae837ce>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-10
|
http://socialistreview.org.uk/369/marxism-and-oppression
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178376006.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20210307013626-20210307043626-00382.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971371 | 2,948 | 2.59375 | 3 |
At WikiMotors, we're committed to delivering accurate, trustworthy information. Our expert-authored content is rigorously fact-checked and sourced from credible authorities. Discover how we uphold the highest standards in providing you with reliable knowledge.
A gas-sipper is an extremely fuel efficient vehicle which uses a minimal amount of gas. Vehicles like mopeds and motorcycles are usually gas-sippers by nature, and some small cars are also considered to be gas sippers, especially cars which utilize hybrid technology. In many regions of the world, the vast majority of cars on the road are gas-sippers, due to high gas prices or concerns about the environmental impact of driving, and many auto manufacturers compete to design the most fuel-efficient vehicles.
The opposite of a gas-sipper is a gas guzzler, a car which uses a lot of gasoline. Gas guzzlers are typically very large and high powered, although some are simply small but poorly designed cars which are not built for maximum efficiency. In some regions, gas guzzlers are heavily frowned upon, and some governments have a form of guzzler tax which is designed to penalize car owners who purchase gas guzzlers.
Historically, periods of increasing fuel prices have been accompanied with a growing consumer demand for gas-sippers. Such periods are often marked by technological innovation as car manufacturers struggle to meet the demand for more efficient fleets. The price of gas-sippers may rise dramatically in response to the perceived demand, with consumers justifying their high priced purchases with the logic that their savings on gas will more than make up for the cost of the gas-sipper.
Unfortunately for citizens in nations where gas prices are typically cheap, it usually takes a few years for car manufacturers to roll out a fleet of gas-sippers, so consumers often feel the crunch for some time before cars are made available to them. The market for used gas-sippers in these situations can become almost stratospheric, as car dealers and private citizens realize that people are willing to pay a premium for a gas-sipper.
Scooters, mopeds, and motorcycles are generally the most fuel-efficient, simply because they are so small, requiring less power. However, some people need full sized cars, for a variety of reasons, so a number of manufacturers make gas-sipping lines of cars which are smaller than their regular lines. Often, companies tout the small size as an advantage, rather than a design concession for purposes of fuel economy; small cars are easier to park, for example, and generally easier to handle than large cars. While people sometimes complain about the small size of a new gas-sipper, they often find themselves getting used to it after a few weeks of driving and appreciating the decrease in gas bills.
|
<urn:uuid:9fa524fe-4996-458d-8aed-fe023dae6b55>
|
CC-MAIN-2024-10
|
https://www.wikimotors.org/what-is-a-gas-sipper.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947475806.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20240302084508-20240302114508-00100.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965934 | 571 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Physics-of-Failure (PoF) is a science-based approach to reliability that uses modeling and simulation to design-in reliability. This approach models the root causes of failures such as fatigue, fracture, wear, and corrosion. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools have been developed to address various loads, stresses, failure mechanisms and sites. PoF uses knowledge of basic failure processes to prevent failures through robust design and manufacturing practices, and aims to: - Design-in reliability up front; - Eliminate failures prior to testing; - Increase fielded reliability; - Promote rapid, cost effective deployment of Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS); - Improve diagnostic and prognostic techniques and processes; and, - Decrease operational and support costs. This guide provides a high level overview of the methodology, process and advantages to performing a PoF assessment.
TO PROVIDE A GUIDE TO ENGINEERS INVOLVED IN IMPLEMENTING A PHYSICS-OF-FAILURE APPROACH FOR IMPROVING RELIABILITY.
|
<urn:uuid:f564ce42-1dd0-467d-ae86-a5214acf57e9>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-05
|
http://standards.sae.org/j2816_200912/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886895.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117102533-20180117122533-00530.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.896488 | 217 | 2.921875 | 3 |
We all know to eat our veggies
But how they are cooked makes a big difference too...
1. Steam your broccoli - Italian researchers discovered that steaming broccoli increases its concentration of glucosinolates (compounds found to fight cancer) by 30 percent. Boiling actually lowers the levels.
2. Steam your carrots - The beta-carotene in carrots is heat stable, and in fact, these vital nutrients become MORE bio-available when steamed.
3. Steam your kale - Kale has been found to help lower cholesterol. While raw kale will lower it some, its cholesterol-lowering properties are potentiated when steamed. The heat from steaming helps the fiber in kale bind with bile acids. This binding helps even more bile acids get released and thus lower cholesterol levels.
4. Steam your cabbage - While one study has shown that short-cooked and raw cabbage has more cancer-preventative benefits then longer cooked cabbage, steamed cabbage can maximize the glucosinolates and their accessibility.
Here is yet another union between modern nutrition and traditional Chinese medical theory.
The current Western diet is becomming the root of many diseases. Processed foods and a diet rich in animal protein is reaking havoc on our cardiovascular health, gastro-intestinal system, and immune system to name just a few .
There has been a paradigm change in response to these ills and many people are embracing a healthier diet; one that is more plant based and unrefined. This change is much needed, however, the raw food version of it is misdirected.
Chinese medicine recognizes that warmth is needed to digest our food. It is called "Digestive Fire." The consumption of raw foods, shakes for meals, and smoothies puts out this fire. Our attempt to embrace better health is essentially snuffed out when our digestive system is alreay weakened and we are consuming more raw and cold foods.
Cold food sitting on a digestive system who's Fire has gone out makes us feel boggy and bloated. This is not encouraging us to move towards better health and feel good!
If you are feeling heavy, bloated, or are trying to lose weight but the pounds are not coming off, I encourage you to look at your diet and not just the foods that you eat, but how they are cooked.
|
<urn:uuid:26f6668d-2dd5-46b1-8416-11b09959f230>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-22
|
https://www.elainagreenberg.com/blog/tag/Food
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232254751.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519101512-20190519123512-00246.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962507 | 479 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Blue Fescue Festuca Glauca Varna is mound-forming, semi-evergreen, perennial ornamental grass. Blue Fescue seeds germinate fast, and the established Festuca Glauca Varna forms low-growing clumps of blue-gray foliage that is very ornamental. The flowers are insignificant, so they have to be removed to help retain the mound-like effect. Festuca Glauca adds more green color to its foliage during winter period.
Blue Fescue is used as accent and specimen plantings in the foreground of borders and rock gardens, or this compact, clumping grass can be grown as a ground cover. Festuca Glauca seeds must be kept moist until germination. Blue Fescue is the small-scale ornamental grass that produces big-time results in the garden, and since Fescue is very shade and drought tolerant, it is often found in the dry shade of trees.
Height: 12-18 Inches
Bloom Season: N/A
Environment: Sun/Partial Shade/Shade
Soil Type: Average/Dry/Moist well-drained, pH 5.8-6.8
USDA Zones: 4-10
Sow Indoors: Spring (6-8 weeks before last frost)
Sow Outdoors: Spring/Fall
Seed Depth: Surface sowing - press seeds slightly into the soil
Germination Time: 14-21 Days
Hardy and beautiful!
Posted by S. Taylor on 12th Jul 2010
When I started my first seeds, 1 blade of grass came up. Then soon it was a mound of grass! They are tough, perfectly forming mounds, and if you let them flower, they will spread! We have pretty cold winters here where an entire month can be below zero. They don't mind though, they come back strong and hardy come spring. My friend laughed at my 1 blade of grass, and now she is in awe of the beautiful border I have around a rock garden. Beautiful blue hue and loving this Wyoming soil.
|
<urn:uuid:34a7d958-ea49-47dd-b4f5-bf2a3ec6c53f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-51
|
https://seedcorner.com/blue-fescue-festuca-glauca-seeds/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948594665.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20171217074303-20171217100303-00136.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920114 | 432 | 2.625 | 3 |
Without a doubt, the internet has opened countless doors for disenfranchised or underrepresented communities — especially women, people of color, rural communities, and the LGBTQ community. However, in recent years, a darker side of the digital revolution has emerged as online data and privacy concerns have become a pervasive part of the national conversation regarding the future of the internet.
Security breach after security breach has exposed tens of millions of consumers’ personal information, leaving many rightfully skeptical about their online safety. Federal policymakers must come together to strengthen our internet privacy protections — to ensure not only that we are protected but online competition remains vibrant and continues to drive a strong economy.
For women in particular, the internet has been an incredibly empowering force, spurring new economic, employment, and educational opportunities; facilitating the formation and growth of online communities that provide support for victims of domestic violence and sexual abuse; as well as supporting and advancing creative expression and collaboration. However, with respect to our safety and privacy, women also face a disproportionate number of threats when we go online.
Unfortunately, far too many social media sites and other internet platforms have become places where online abuse and harassment of women has been allowed to proliferate for too long. This, on top of the potential to have our online privacy exposed, has become an issue that can no longer be ignored.
Past federal efforts to solve this problem have been too limited in scope and have never fully addressed the matter of online privacy and data security. In most of these cases, the regulatory approaches being taken would only apply to a small fraction of the internet ecosystem — for example, by applying online privacy rules only to internet service providers, but leaving out internet companies like Facebook, Amazon, or Google.
Given the unprecedented access these online titans have over our personally identifiable information, federal online privacy laws should apply to these companies as well. Consumers deserve one set of privacy rules that not only ensures their rights and privacy remain protected, but also provides consistency across the spectrum internet players.
In absence of federal guidance, many states have begun to implement their own online privacy and data security rules. While this may seem like a positive, proactive development, it is the entirely wrong approach for something as ubiquitous as the internet. Our online data flows seamlessly across the internet ecosystem — which itself is not bound by state borders. A patchwork of state privacy regulations will not effectively address this issue; it will only create confusion and make it more difficult for consumers to benefit from new internet services and applications.
What we need is for Congress to coalesce around federal legislation that codifies a uniform, consistent set of regulations that protect online privacy for consumers. Such rules — applied evenly and equally across the internet — will give all users, and women in particular, a greater sense of security and confidence in their online safety.
Everyone deserves the right to feel safe and secure when they go online, no matter who they are, where they live, or what information they are sharing. The sooner Congress puts pen to paper and passes federal legislation to provide a set of internet privacy rules, the safer we will all be online. While this would undoubtedly help protect women, it is an issue that affects every American. It is well past time for Congress to act.
Amy Hinojosa is President and CEO of MANA, A National Latina Organization.
|
<urn:uuid:aa2b77b5-789c-4e75-8123-d50f79717da9>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-16
|
https://medium.com/@ahinojosa/strengthening-online-privacy-vital-for-women-3d9a46b9e455
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505359.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401003422-20200401033422-00013.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946491 | 673 | 2.515625 | 3 |
For decades, the American Red Cross has stressed the importance of learning CPR. Now, the agency says it’s just as important to learn the A-E-D, or automatic external defibrillator, a gadget that can jump-start your heart. Tom Whitcomb, at the Red Cross’ Central Iowa chapter, says combined courses are being offered that won’t take much time or money — and could help you save a life.
Whitcomb says the time is basically the length of a televised sporting event, three-and-a-half to four-and-a-half hours, and the cost is a little more than a tank of gas, depending on whether the Red Cross goes to the workplace or if someone comes in to a chapter, somewhere between 30 and 55-dollars. He says heart attacks kill three-to-four people nationwide every minute.
Whitcomb says more than 300-thousand Americans die from sudden cardiac arrest every year, which is more than those killed by: breast cancer, prostate cancer, AIDS, housefires, traffic accidents and handgun crimes — combined. Even in a rural state like Iowa, he says it’s the agency’s goal to always have A-E-D-trained people nearby. He says the mission is to have someone trained within four minutes distance because for every minute that passes, the person’s chances of survival drop ten-percent — so if five minutes go by and there’s no help, that person’s survival rate is cut in half.
Whitcomb says the A-E-Ds have dropped significantly in price and size. They’re now running about 15-hundred dollars and are about the size of a shoebox. For information on getting trained, contact your nearest Red Cross office.
|
<urn:uuid:ccec3e01-74a0-4776-9da8-e64c23e9764e>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://www.radioiowa.com/2007/02/23/red-cross-wants-you-to-learn-to-use-a-defribrillator/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986657949.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20191015082202-20191015105702-00351.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951151 | 375 | 2.75 | 3 |
The abbreviations for C L A R I N stand for Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure. The CLARIN project is a large-scale pan-European collaborative effort to create, coordinate and make language resources and technology available and readily useable. CLARIN offers scholars the tools to allow computer-aided language processing, addressing one or more of the multiple roles language plays (i.e. carrier of cultural content and knowledge, instrument of communication, component of identity and object of study) in the Humanities and Social Sciences.
Its initiative offers:
• Comprehensive service to the humanities disciplines with respect to language resources and technology.
• Technology overcoming the many boundaries currently fragmenting the resources and tools landscape as it is given by institutional, structural and semantic interoperability problems.
• Tools and resources that will be interoperable across languages and domains, thus addressing the issue of preserving and supporting the multilingual and multicultural European heritage.
• Comprehensive training and education programs that include university education in the different member states.
• Improvement and extension of web-based collaborations, i.e. creating virtual working groups breaking the discipline boundaries.
• Development or improvement of standards for language resource maintenance.
• A persistent and stable infrastructure that researchers can rely on for the next decades.
To achieve these challenging goals CLARIN will be built on and contribute to a number of key technologies coming from the major initiatives advancing the eScience paradigm:
• It includes Data Grid technology to connect the repositories as being implemented in the DAM-LR pilot project and web services the various centres provide;
• It builds on ideas launched by the Digital Library community to create Live Archives, and will further such initiatives;
• It incorporates, and contributes to, Semantic Web technology to overcome the structural and semantic encoding problems;
• It incorporates advanced multi-lingual language processing technology that supports cultural and linguistic integration.
The purpose of the infrastructure is to offer persistent services that are secure and provide easy access to language processing resources. As language, speech and vision technology improve, it should be commonplace to carry out tasks such as: ‘summarize Le Monde from 11th March 2007’ ‘list all uses of “enthusiasm” in 19th century English novels written by women’, ‘find all video clips of Tony Blair on the BBC in 2007’. But without the proper infrastructure, the technologies to make these tasks possible will only be available to a few specialists. At present one needs to find an appropriate program (to do translation, summarization, or extraction of information, etc.), download the program, make sure it is compatible with the computer that will execute the program, understand the form of input it takes, download the data (e.g. novels, newspapers, corpus, videos), and convert them to the correct format for the programs, and all this before one can get started.
For most researchers outside computer science, at least one of these tasks will be an insurmountable barrier. Our vision is that the resources for processing language, the data to be processed as well as appropriate guidance, advice and training be made available and can be accessed over a distributed network from the user’s desktop. CLARIN proposes to make this vision a reality: the user will have access to guidance and advice through distributed knowledge centres, and via a single sign-on the user will have access to repositories of data with standardized descriptions, processing tools ready to operate on standardized data, and all of this will be available on the internet using a service oriented architecture based on secure grid technologies.
The nature of the project is therefore primarily to turn existing, fragmented technology and resources into accessible and stable services that any user can share or adapt and repurpose. CLARIN can build upon a rich history of national and European initiatives in this domain, and it will ensure that Europe maintains the leading position in humanities and social science research in the current highly competitive era.
|
<urn:uuid:cf5744f3-06c9-4141-a3c7-d275c5fc3404>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-17
|
https://winstonbogarde.wordpress.com/page/2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945648.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422193501-20180422213501-00364.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.897802 | 807 | 2.515625 | 3 |
School and district leadership isn’t about a position or title–it’s about improving practices around digital learning
If educators want to see results in student engagement and achievement, they must adapt their leadership practices to an increasingly digitally-focused learning environment.
This was the focus of a CoSN 2016 spotlight session by Eric Sheninger, a senior fellow at the International Center for Leadership in Education and a former high school principal.
“Leadership is not about position, titles, or power. Leadership is about the actions you take,” he said.
During the session, Sheninger highlighted seven pillars of effective digital school leaders and talked about how, during his time as a high school principal, he and his staff modeled each pillar. Those pillars focus on how school leaders can ensure that their policies and practices highlight the best examples of digital learning success in schools.
“The environment in which kids learn is dramatically different,” he said. “We fault our kids for being so engaged with technology…how can we prepare kids for the future if we, those tasked with educating kids, are stuck in the past? If teaching, learning, and leadership don’t change, we’re never going to get results.”
Pillar 1: Student learning and engagement
“Technology is a tool–it’s not a learning outcome,” Sheninger said. “What do you want in your vision? What do you want your kids to be able to do with technology that will allow them to demonstrate conceptual mastery?” Engagement can begin with creating projects and learning opportunities that mean something. “If you don’t get instructional design right, technology is just going to speed up the rate of failure. It’s about building a foundation.”
Pillar 2: School environment
When he was principal of New Jersey’s New Milford High School, Sheninger said a change in learning spaces changed student engagement for the better. In fact, he said, data indicates the learning environment design can impact student engagement and achievement by up to 25 percent.
Pillar 3: Professional learning and growth
An unlimited number of professional learning opportunities are available on social media and through professional learning networks (PLNs), Sheninger said. Modeling the practices educators want to see from students is the first step.
Pillar 4: Communications
Communication has changed drastically because of technology, Sheninger said, and now educators are in an era of mass dialogue. “Don’t we want to take advantage of that in our own leadership capacity?” he asked. School stakeholders want news about school events, staff and student accomplishments, and district successes. “It’s about being proactive, not reactive,” he said. “Digital leadership is not just about information; it’s about meeting your stakeholders where they are.”
Sheninger also advised using multiple methods of news distribution, because people use various social media channels and communication methods. “You can’t put all your eggs in the Twitter basket or the Facebook basket,” he said.
Pillar 5: Public relations
“If you don’t tell your story, someone else will,” he said. “You need to tell stakeholders what actually happens in your schools and in your district. There are great stories to share–leverage the media.” Digital leadership is about becoming a storyteller-in-chief and sharing school accomplishments. Sheninger advised pushing out good news and accomplishments in various forms–news stories, photos, etc.–across various social media channels.
Pillar 6: Branding
Branding is a combination of your vision, mission, and values. “In education, a brand is not about selling. It’s about sharing, telling, and building relationships,” he said. A school brand should convey student achievement, teacher and administrator quality, extracurriculars, innovation, and partnerships.
Pillar 7: Opportunity
Digital leaders should consistently look for opportunities to improve existing programs, strategies, and resources.
|
<urn:uuid:c86b3d80-0315-4c5e-b375-b54b787023a1>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-04
|
https://www.eschoolnews.com/2016/04/08/7-pillars-of-todays-digital-leadership/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584518983.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20190124035411-20190124061411-00517.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951837 | 868 | 2.59375 | 3 |
In the past 30 years, the rise of contract farming and vertical farms has led to a certain degree of integration of the chicken plate, but the integration has not been far-reaching in other industries.
According to statistics from a recent US Department of Agriculture report, the number of midpoint broiler farms in the United States (measured by the US Department of Agriculture, the same below) has increased from 300,000 in 1987 to 480,000 in 1997. Then it increased to 680,000 in 2012, an increase of 127% over the past 25 years.
Between 1987 and 2012, the average stock of turkeys increased from 120,000 to 160,000.
Farming and dairy industry integration is even more significant
The authors of the report, James McDonald, Robert Hoppe, and Doris Newton, said that although the chicken plate has a certain degree of integration, the integration is even more pronounced in the farming and dairy industries. This is because the chicken industry has experienced tremendous changes in organization and technology as early as 1987.
|
<urn:uuid:dd609626-3fa2-4a9f-a212-c93a824173e9>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-51
|
http://m.stoutagri-livestock.com/news/u-s-department-of-agriculture-report-30-year-14291307.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540502120.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20191207210620-20191207234620-00043.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952784 | 212 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Thousands of youngsters in Cambridge have been finding out how they can use science in their everyday lives as part of a drive to get more of them interested in the subject. The annual University of Cambridge Science Festival allows children to take part in a range of activities.
Last weekend alone more than 20,000 people attended events around the City and it's hoped that figure will be beaten this weekend.
A study by the University of East Anglia has found that hungry bumblebees travel more than a mile to find food.Read the full story ›
A Facebook game developed by scientists in Norwich could help in the fight against the tree disease ash dieback.
The deadly fungus was first discovered in the wild in Britain in the Anglia region last year. It's now threatening the UK's 80 million ash trees.
Click below to watch a report from ITV News Anglia's Natalie Gray
Scientists in Norwich working to tackle a disease which is threatening to wipe out millions of ash trees are enlisting the help of online gamers.
A Facebook game has been designed in which players match colour sequences but also provide crucial data which could find trees resistant to the disease.
Scientists from the Norwich Research Park worked with a game company to design Fraxinus. Players match sequences of coloured leaves which also represent strings of genetic information from ash trees with chalara ash dieback.
The tree disease was first identified in Britain last year and is spreading fast.
Scientists say data from the game may be able to help provide information to breed naturally-resistant ash trees.
Sixty years ago Cambridge scientist Francis Crick from Northamptonshire and his partner James Watson famously mapped out the structure of DNA.
James Watson has travelled from America back at his old college in the university city to unveil a memorial to his former colleague who died in 2004.
Their work opened up vast new avenues in the understanding of the genetic code and won them a Nobel Prize.
Click below to watch a report by ITV Anglia's Claire McGlasson:
Sixty years ago Cambridge scientists Francis Crick and James Watson showed the world their discovery of the structure of DNA - the building blocks of all life on Earth.
Now a there's a new memorial in Cambridge to Francis Crick, who died in 2004. It was unveiled by his former research partner James Watson.
Click below to watch a report from ITV News Anglia's Claire McGlasson:
An asteroid the size of a small office block will narrowly avoid Earth this evening.Read the full story ›
University of Hertfordshire scientists are tracking the Asteroid as it nears earth. This NASA video gives you the facts and figures behind the near earth object.
University of Hertfordshire astronomers are monitoring the flight of Asteroid DA14. This NASA video illustrates the flight path of the rock.
You can see more NASA videos here.
An asteroid the size of a small office block will pass Earth tonight in one of the closest 'near-misses' in recent history.Read the full story ›
|
<urn:uuid:ce610653-2287-4c3b-9d66-74f30490c6d1>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-27
|
http://www.itv.com/news/anglia/topic/science/?page=2
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375095775.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00040-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950807 | 618 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Millions of people suffer from vision loss every year. It may be due to aging, injury, or not following a healthy lifestyle. Your eyesight is one of the biggest assets you have and you should protect it by all means. Here are some ways to protect your eyesight.
Regular doctor’s visit
You should visit the optometrist regularly to check whether your eyesight is good or not. If you see things blurry or have frequent headaches then you must see your optometrist immediately. Not taking measures at an early stage may cause further damage to the eyes.
Smoking is said to increase the speed of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). So, you should quit smoking right away if you want to protect your eyesight. If you don’t you will have poor vision at an early age which will get worse as you get older.
If you don’t control your weight then you will have a high chance of having diabetes, high blood pressure, and obesity. These health issues can lead to poor vision. So, if you can keep your weight in check, then you will be able to protect your vision. Exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet to stay healthy and fit.
Sometimes the vitamins and minerals that you get from food aren’t enough, so you have to rely on supplements. Consult your doctor to suggest some good supplements for your eyesight. Anti-oxidant vitamins and omega-3 supplements are good for protecting your eyesight.
Let your eyes rest
You should apply the 20-20-20 rule for resting your eyes. Whether you are looking at the screen, reading a book, or writing something after every 20 minutes look 20 feet away for 20 seconds; then resume whatever you were doing. This will give enough rest to your eyes and won’t cause any strain.
You should get your eyes examined by an optometrist every two years at least. That way you can find out if your eyesight is good or not. A regular checkup can help to identify eye problems like glaucoma at an early stage and there won’t be any severe damage to the eye if you start your treatment early. Take glasses if necessary and eat healthily. If you have enough vitamin A and antioxidants in your body, there will be a minimum chance of having any eye disease. You will be able to protect your eyesight for many years.
|
<urn:uuid:f360ee79-0e2f-4786-a406-2ea643d17307>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-50
|
https://consumerinfo.ca/5-ways-to-protect-your-eyesight/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679101282.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20231210060949-20231210090949-00371.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949189 | 497 | 2.75 | 3 |
Introduction to the fashion Industry report
In this report I am going give an introduction to the fashion industry by introducing several different areas of the industry.
I aim to develop a critical perspective of organizations within the fashion industry, To introduce organizational behavior, structures, roles, and how the production process works. I am going to examine Industry dynamics and their relationship to other sectors and examine the industry in the context of broader, cultural, social, economic and technological factors.Designers usually work in one of three main fields- Couture, designer, ready-to-wear, or high street fashion. They may also specialise in various types of clothing- Underwear, Sports wear, swimwear, knitwear or theatrical costume. The majority work in clothing, but some specialise in hats and other accessories.
Couture involves designing garments for individual consumers, who pay for individual clothes. They attend the designer’s workroom to have clothes fitted that are made to measure. Most designers also design ready-to-wear clothes.These can be produced in relatively small numbers and sold under the designer’s label. Mass-market work involves designing clothes and accessories where price is a major factor for items selling in large quantities though shops.
Most fashion designers work as part of a team for wholesale companies who will either retail their products direct or sell them though fashion fairs and shows. Ranges are designed and produced by wholesale manufacturers who sell them to retailers for resale.Designs are produced well in advance of clothes appearing in the shops- often a year ahead. Designers do not work alone on this, but in close co-operation with fashion buyers from retail companies and fashion forecasters, whose job is to predict what customers will want two seasons ahead. The first design stage is to make sketches by hand or by using a computer.
Fabrics and trimmings are then selected. At this stage, designers usually try out their ideas by making toiles. Then comes the making-up stage. In small companies, designers and their assistants make patterns and cut sample garments. They note the number of different operations needed to make the garment and take steps to reduce them if they needed to keep in line with budgeting costs.
In large companies, professional pattern cutters and garment technicians are responsible for these technicalities. Some designers cut the patterns themselves and make up the samples. Large manufacturers normally employ specialist pattern cutters and sample machinists. When the garment goes in to production, the designer remains on hand to help with any problems that arise.Fashion designers spend some of their time working alone, or with one or two other people, in studios.
They also attend meetings with textile designers, fashion buyers, production managers and individual clients. Most also have to work closely with sample machinists and pattern cutters. They may travel extensively in this country and abroad to attend shows, sell there work and keep up to date with international trends. Paul rider works in international industry in Australia for a small retail unit. He works for a company called Country road I have been on the internet and visited the Country Road web site, I have enclosed copies of these to look at featuring descriptions and photos of garments that he has designed.
Fashion designers must be artistic, creative and know how to use textiles effectively. They need an eye for tone and colour. Poor colour vision could be a handicap but this can be overcome by teaching. They should be able to explain their ideas through sketches, but do not need outstanding drawing ability. In developing a design, computer-aided techniques may be used. Communication and persuasive skills are important.
Much of their time may be spent persuading buyers from large retailers to accept their ideas. Designers need a thorough understanding of how garments are made and should have a sound training in hand and machine sewing and in pattern cutting.They must be able to calculate the costs of producing garments. Fashion designers need to be aware of social trends to predict consumer behavior. Design can also involve taking risks to lead rather than follow fashion.
Freelance designers need business and marketing skills. They must be prepared to take their portfolios to potential clients and negotiate contracts and fees. Lastly, they also need to be able to accept criticism and rejection of their ideas.For people who want to set up their own label, they can get help from people called creative industries or development agencies. These people give individuals the help they need to understand the business and process they need to take to set up their own business.
The creative industries specialise in helping individuals in creative areas, such as theatre, art, fashion, photography, performing arts and craft. Development agencies tend to be broader in their areas of subjects.? A good business plan is needed if funding is going to be soured. The creative industries help people with the construction of their business plan by running short courses and by continual assessment. Short courses may also be run on business and finance for those who feel less confident in these areas. I have included some information in my report about The North Stand.
The North Stand is run by Lisa Harding and is a creative industry. I also found some other information on the Internet about development agencies.Design Trend and ForecastingThe process of design trend and forecasting all starts at European trade shows. The first of these show are yarn and knitwear shows that happen in December and July leave enough time to let the forecasters predict for the following season and for the collection to be finalized and produced. The main Yarn and knit wear shows are called Piti Filati-, which is held in Milan, and Expofil- held in Paris. At these shows you can get the feel for what sort of yarns and knitwear are going to be available for the following season.
The forecaster will get an idea of the hues, texture and feel of the season. In March and October there are Fashion fabric shows held.The most important one of these is PV Premiere Vision- which is held in Paris, other shows include, Interest Off and Idea Como. These shows are equally as important as the yarns and knit wear shows to give the forecaster an insight in to the whole feel of the season. These shows are at the top end of the market and can give a very strong idea of trends of mainstream merchandise. Next the process is taken to mens wear trade shows in February and September such as Uomo, Sehm and Igedo.
In June and January Haute couture houses have shows in Paris and Milan. These are very important to the forecaster as they will get the biggest idea here to what will be on the cat walk and be able to imagine the type of garment when filtered down to high street level. The Couture is then filtered down to ready to wear shows in February to march and September to October. These shows are Pret A-Porter, Salon Lingerie and Igedo Dessou. These Ready-to-Wear collections will be exhibited at fashion weeks 40degrees and pure in London to promote them to national and international buyers.
Other fashion weeks will take place in fashion capitals Milan, Paris, New York, Australia and other world destinations. By this time the forecaster would have all ready had a big insight in to that season. After the fashion shows the garments will be yet again filtered down in to high street fashion.I have visited fashion information.com to get more research on the shows. I have included these in my file; they contain colour forecasts and reviews of the shows including yarn shows and Pure in London.
To help make an accurate prediction the forecaster has to consider what was popular last season, as the basic shapes does not change that much from season to season. What sold well and in what stores? What didn’t sell well? The forecaster would analyze last season’s products by looking at colour, styles, fabric and detail. Outside influences should also be considered such as the market, the economy, politics, current affairs and technology. There are other possible influences such as media, TV shows, music and celebrities’ styles that must be considered also. Magazines are also very relevant to the work of a forecaster, including trade magazines, trade directories, newspapers and consumer magazines.
These magazines will state what is in fashion that season and what is popular at that time. The newspapers will display current affairs, which may effect people’s emotions, which will most certainly effect the fashion industryRetail buying and qualityBuyers are powerful people who decide which styles we will have access to in the shops. Buyers and merchandisers work together to achieve profits for a retail organization and to satisfy customer demands. The buyer’s job is to acquire the right products. To do this the buyer has to- research the market, fashion trends and new suppliers, Maintain a reliable and appropriate supplier base, make forecasts of stock and budget requirements, select and buy in products that is appropriate for the customer and is with in budget. They must negotiate with suppliers to agree the best price and maintain an acceptable quality though out.
To be able to be a successful buyer you need to have initiative, enthusiasm, have fore sight and planning skills, be a good leader and determined. The buyer also has to have a good under standing of finance.There are different types of buying, depending on the type of retail organizations. Multiples tend to buy centrally while department stores generally merge buying with the management of selling and operate local buying systems. However, the House of Fraser, John Lewis and others centralise some buying.
Co-operatives diversify by buying from the co-operative wholesale society, or from local societies. Independent stores will usually buy locally but, if there are a few branches, some lines may be brought in centrally. The main aim of a retail company is to meet and satisfy the changing needs of customers and to provide merchandise that the customer wants to buy, at a cost, which makes maximum profit. To be a successful buyer they must aim to provide- the right product, At the right price, In the right quantity, Of the right quality, In the right place, At the right time with in fashion seasons.Central buyingThe advantages of central buying are that discounts can be obtained for bulk buying, The buyer has better knowledge of the product, the buyer has a broader awareness of the market, Merchandise can be moved centrally which makes it more flexible and that the stores and there managers can concentrate on selling, to achieve a higher rate of stock turn over.
There are also disadvantages of buying centrally which include-The customers needs in any locality may be ignored, Warehouse costs increase and local managers have less influence over the type of stock they carry.Local BuyingThe advantages of local buying are that the buyer knows the customer base well, that the buyer has direct control over the stock in their department store and that the stock can be held in store to easily stock up.There are disadvantages of this type of buying also such as- Smaller orders may get less discount, The buyer has less specific product knowledge and that there are more demands on the buyers managers time which may cause decreased efficiency.Often the buyers will visit trade shows and exhibitions such as the shows visitedby the fashion forecaster, for confirmation of forward trends and not always to buy.
|
<urn:uuid:d22412af-9f30-4ab8-a48c-04badd0b57ac>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-17
|
https://acasestudy.com/introduction-to-the-fashion-industry-report/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038061562.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411055903-20210411085903-00016.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970486 | 2,301 | 3.046875 | 3 |
This map, “Camp à East Hartford, le 29 Octobre, 12 milles 1/2 de Farmingtown,” is a page from the manuscript atlas Amérique Campagne 1782. The volume, one in a series, once belonged to Jean-Baptiste-Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau, the commander of the French army in America during the Revolutionary War. France formalized its aid to the colonies following the treaties of 1778, sending military and naval forces to assist the insurgents against Great Britain. Lieutenant General Comte de Rochambeau arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, on July 11, 1780, with 450 officers and 5,300 men and led them to victory at Yorktown, Virginia, 15 months later.
The manuscript outlines the plans of the camps for Comte de Rochambeau’s army during their return march north from Williamsburg, Virginia, to Boston after their victory. The pen-and-ink and water-colored maps provided basic topographic information, including a simple representation of the layout of the terrain and roads as well as the location of the closest water supply. The soldiers marched in four divisions about a day’s march apart. Moving such a large number of troops required careful planning and the camps shown on the maps were often occupied for four or more nights.
|
<urn:uuid:ce4b08d0-1721-4a34-9a6b-f710cbd9eb41>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-25
|
https://connecticuthistory.org/map-rochambeaus-camp-at-east-hartford/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488269939.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20210621085922-20210621115922-00415.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933134 | 286 | 3.46875 | 3 |
» Student Handout: Excerpts from the Geneva Convention relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War
- Persons taking no active part in the hostilities, including members of armed forces who have laid down their arms and those placed hors de combat by sickness, wounds, detention, or any other cause, shall in all circumstances be treated humanely, without any adverse distinction founded on race, colour, religion or faith, sex, birth or wealth, or any other similar criteria.
To this end the following acts are and shall remain prohibited at any time and in any place whatsoever with respect to the above-mentioned persons:
(a) Violence to life and person, in particular murder of all kinds, mutilation, cruel treatment and torture;
(b) Taking of hostages;
(c) Outrages upon personal dignity, in particular, humiliating and degrading treatment;
(d) The passing of sentences and the carrying out of executions without previous judgment pronounced by a regularly constituted court affording all the judicial guarantees which are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.
A. Prisoners of war, in the sense of the present Convention, are persons belonging to one of the following categories, who have fallen into the power of the enemy:
- Members of the armed forces of a Party to the conflict as well as members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.
- Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized resistance movements, belonging to a Party to the conflict and operating in or outside their own territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps, including such organized resistance movements, fulfill the following conditions:
(a) That of being commanded by a person responsible for his subordinates;
(b) That of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance;
(c) That of carrying arms openly;
(d) That of conducting their operations in accordance with the laws and customs of war.
- Members of regular armed forces who profess allegiance to a government or an authority not recognized by the Detaining Power.
Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.
Every prisoner of war, when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or failing this, equivalent information. If he willfully infringes this rule, he may render himself liable to a restriction of the privileges accorded to his rank or status....
...No physical or mental torture, nor any other form of coercion, may be inflicted on prisoners of war to secure from them information of any kind whatever. Prisoners of war who refuse to answer may not be threatened, insulted, or exposed to any unpleasant or disadvantageous treatment of any kind.
Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishments, imprisonment in premises without daylight and, in general, any form of torture or cruelty, are forbidden.
|
<urn:uuid:d2da8d9d-a364-48f7-b56b-1f2f6c9bc255>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-18
|
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/torture/hand1.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-18/segments/1461860109830.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161509-00125-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934419 | 643 | 3.125 | 3 |
Language comprehension is a key process in everyday life. In this assignment, you gain a better understanding for how we develop, produce, and comprehend language.
Imagine you work in an elementary school setting, and you have been asked to write an article to be featured in the teacher newsletter on language acquisition and comprehension in children.
Write a 1,050- to 1,400-word paper discussing language in children. Include the following:
- Describe the process of language development.
- Explain the process of language production.
- Describe the role of language comprehension in childhood.
- Explain how language production and comprehension affect childhood learning and cognition.
Include a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources to support the main points of your paper.
Format your paper according to APA guideline
|
<urn:uuid:20a945b0-04cd-4f0f-ab1f-fd935dfda3e9>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-49
|
https://courselink.org/write-a-1050-to-1400-word-paper-discussing-language-in-children-6/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964358953.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20211130050047-20211130080047-00400.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.907718 | 161 | 3.75 | 4 |
DREE- Festival of Arunachal Pradesh’s Apatanis
Arunachal Pradesh, the last Shangri-La on Earth is recognised as a calendar of a long procession of festivals. The festivals here are not only characterised by color, jollity, fervor, feasts and an assortment of prayers and rituals but also bear testimony to its rich cultural heritage. Agriculture being the main occupation of the state, the festivals celebrated by the inhabitants of the state are in a close relation with their occupation.
Dree - Apatani Festival
The Apatani tribe has a long cycle of agricultural rites and festivals. The agricultural rites or festivals of the tribe begin by sacrificing domestic fowls, animals and eggs at different times, starting from the sowing to the harvesting periods to ensure a bumper yield of crops in the year. Some of the rites and festivals are Dree, Tamu, Metri, Chandii and Yahung etc. Chandii Tamu rite is performed during the sowing period, Dree during every growing period of crops and Yahung just before the harvest.
The literary meaning of ‘Dree’ is one who borrows or purchases food grains from others in order to meet the shortage by addition to one’s old and new stock of food grains. There are many myths and legends related to the celebration of the Dree festival. During the Dree festival, a few rites are performed to worship and appease Gods and Goddesses who protect the crops and ensure the well-being of human beings. The divinities associated with Dree are collectively knows as ‘Dree or Dri Wuhi’ (Gods).
From each clan of the village, one or two persons known as Dree Kholi or Dree Gora are appointed permanently or temporarily to conduct the ritual of Dree. They collect a small quantity of rice or millet from each individual in the village in order to meet the expenditure of the ceremony. When the time of festival approaches, the two appointed people prepare rice beer and collect the sacrificial animals and eggs. On completion of these preparations they inform the villagers about the date of performance so that they can store the required food grains and fire wood etc for the taboo period observed after the festival. On the appointed day, after being dressed up as warriors, the priest along with his assistant recite incantations called Dree Barni for a day sitting on the oldest clan community platform made of wood which is erected in every village known as ‘Lapang’. Lapang has both social and religious significance as people discuss social issues on it besides conducting important festivals. After the completion of the recital of the incantation, the priest goes round all the clans’ lapang along with sacrificial animals, fowls and eggs and the sacrificial structure (Yuygyang) which is generally located near the river of Apatani valley. The sacrificial structure or Yuygyang is cut into pieces and thrown into the river signifying the destroying of crop pests and insects that are to be flooded out from the agricultural fields.
On the festive occasion of Dree, as a symbol of love and affection, women from every household present a vessel of rice beer prepared traditionally at home to their elder brother, sister, son-in-law, guest etc. In turn, the recipient offers them a piece of bacon or roasted meat. In the festivals and other joyful fetes, dancing and musical songs play an important role. In fact the Apatani tribes perform many conventional dances, amongst which dances like Daminda and Pakhu Ittu are very popular. ’Daminda’ the most popular traditional & folk song of the tribe is associated with the Dree festival and is sung by the women folk and the children of the community. The traditional song Daminda describes the greatness of Apatanis of the past and present, sketches the geographical location of the Apatanis and their neighboring tribes, and recalls beautiful memories of love affairs of man and woman exemplifying their ancestors.
Fusing past and present
Now-a-days, with the popularity of the festival, the tribe does not strictly follow the religious taboos of Dree. It is celebrated as a seasonal festival of joy and glee when the plantation of all crops is over, for the well being of the seasonal crops like paddy, millet etc. Otherwise, for many centuries, a seven day taboo period was strictly observed in every village with effect from the date of the festival of Dree. During this period, people are not allowed to work in the fields or gardens nor can they gather green vegetables or fire wood from the forest. It is believed that if the observance of these taboos is violated, the performance at the time of the festival may not be successful.
The Dree festival has been modernised with increasing popularity all over the state as well as outside. One of the most important changes of the Dree celebration is the singing of ’Dree Flag song’ in the inaugural function at the altar of Dree. The tribe not only introduced folk-song and dance competition, but also introduced various games and sports for everyone in the community.
The main highlights of the present day Dree celebration are the inauguration of the festival by a chief guest, the hoisting of the Dree flag, rituals and presentation of cultural activities. Cucumber, symbolising the sacredness of vegetables, is distributed to guests and participants. Games and sports, community feast, and entertainment also form an integral part of the celebration. The importance of this festival is that it is observed with a lot of enthusiasm amongst the Apatani tribes, thus ensuring better cultivation, preservation of the grains from various ill effects like storms, hailstone, insects and wild animals. Every year, the date of celebration of the festival has been fixed from 4th to 7th July.
Apatanis of today
Apatanis have now got along with the modern world. Though not widespread, a significant number get good education and people do also travel and settle in other parts of India and also abroad. They don’t get tattoos or wear nose plugs like their ancestors. They also encourage inter clan marriage which was not in practice. Many Apatanis make it a practice to get back to their native place during festival times especially during Dree, Murung and Myoko. Though they have started adopting modern lifestyles, there are people who still maintain their traditional lifestyles as well.
|
<urn:uuid:010f3a11-4079-45ad-89be-9806b44a5b34>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-26
|
http://www.easternpanorama.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=277:dree-a-festival-of-arunachal-pradeshs-apatanis&catid=6:contents&Itemid=10
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783395560.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154955-00193-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961127 | 1,332 | 3.484375 | 3 |
The Welsh breed is thought to be a descendent of horses and ponies that lived in Wales several thousands years, and is even thought to have a trace of Arabian blood in it. They were used for various purposes, including working on farms. which caused them to develop into four types: the Welsh Mountain Pony, the Welsh Pony, the Welsh Pony of Cob Type, and the Welsh Cob.
The two smallest types of ponies, the Mountain Pony and Pony, were once used for herding sheep, with the latter also being used as transportation by farmers. The stronger, chunkier Welsh Pony of Cob Type was used when heavy loads needed to be moved. They hauled slate out of mines, worked on farms, delivered goods, and transported military equipment. The last type, called the Welsh Cob, was used for farming, cavalry, and transportation.
|Welsh Cob credit|
Breed Description and Uses
Four types exist within the Welsh breed. Section A, also known as the Welsh Mountain Pony, is small at an average height of 12 hands high and smaller. As the name suggests, the Welsh Mountain Pony was found roaming the mountains of Wales. They have tough hooves developed from climbing mountains, strong hindquarters, a short back, a crested neck, and a small head with large eyes and tiny pointed ears. Because of their small size and gentle nature, they is used for therapy riding and for small children.
Section B is known as the Welsh Pony. They are similar to the Mountain Pony, though they are slighter bigger at a maximum of 13.2 hands high. Today, the Welsh Pony is used as a children's mount in hunter classes and driving.
The Section C Welsh Pony of Cob Type is strong and sturdy, yet small at a maximum height of 13.2 hands high. Their hindquarters and shoulders are muscular, and their refined head is carried on a high-set arched neck. Today, the Welsh Pony of Cob Type is valued as a driving horse, as well as a hunter, jumper, and trekking horse.
The Section D Welsh Cob is the tallest of the breed, standing at any height taller than 13.2 hands high. They are stockier than the Section C, with muscled hindquarters and shoulders, a high-set neck, and a pretty head. The Welsh Cob's legs have a little bit of feathering on them. Aside from being a competitive carriage horse, the Welsh Cob can do well in hunter classes and eventing.
|
<urn:uuid:145d6018-b60a-44bf-8807-a0ac7fd4807a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-43
|
http://paolashorseblog.blogspot.com/2014/03/welsh-pony-and-cob.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187828134.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20171024033919-20171024053919-00632.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.977643 | 506 | 3.4375 | 3 |
- Bal·kan·ize or bal·kan·ize (bôl k -n z ). tr.v.
- Balkanization and Assimilation: Examining the Effects of State
- Explaining social group balkanization is one of the most important tasks for ( 1980) document social group balkanization in countries outside the U.S. too.
- The Cyber Balkanization and Structural Transformation of the Public
- Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, Volume 7, No.2: 29-48. September 2008 | 29.
- Urban Geographies of Immigration and the “Balkanization” Debate
- Nov 18, 2008 1. Urban Geographies of Immigration and the “Balkanization” Debate. Geography 350, Introduction to Urban Geography.
- Multiculturalism is ruin of Western civilization
- Recently, German Chancellor Angela Merkel, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister David Cameron have said directly or indirectly that multiculturalism is a failure and leads to balkanization.
- NEPA districts face boundary shifts
- The balkanization of Monroe County among six Senate districts is likely to be a hot topic at the Allentown hearing. "This is their shot," said Sen.
- New American Cover Story: Multiculturalism
- or the minds of colonial masters, but lands, such as the United States, Britain, and France, in which unprecedented immigration is creating a situation described by another term born of that tumultuous part of southeastern Europe: balkanization.
- This Week in the Voice: The Choice to Marry
- Within that he looks at the "firsts," saying, "you could call this the Balkanization, or in a sense the Sharpton-ization, of New York politics.
- US intervention in Libya
- Whether Gaddafi is acceptable to the people of Libya or not should have been left to Libyans to deicide but it is ironic that US led NATO is trying to enforce the regime change through instigating polarization and Balkanization of Libyan society.
- Find opinions and reflections from Yale Law School professor Jack M. Balkin.
- Balkanize - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster
- bal·kan·ize. verb, often capitalized \ˈbȯl-kə-ˌnīz\. bal·kan·izedbal·kan·iz·ing.
- Balkanize | Define Balkanize at Dictionary.com
- to divide (a country, territory, etc.) into small, quarrelsome, ineffectual states. 2.
Balkanization is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Balkanization books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
Suggested News Resources
Suggested Web Resources
Great care has been taken to prepare the information on this page. Elements of the content come from factual and lexical knowledge databases, realmagick.com library and third-party sources. We appreciate your suggestions and comments on further improvements of the site.
Related searchesgenetic load causes of genetic load
joo da nova
traditional animation voice recording
ned flanders biography
|
<urn:uuid:3119f321-8fe5-4073-8c7a-4eb8277904f9>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://www.realmagick.com/balkanization/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382705/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00034-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.874592 | 674 | 2.609375 | 3 |
- Faculty & Staff
Blender is a free 3D modeling software. The slideshow above presents screenshots of various student projects developed in the course CSIT 203.
The pictures above and below are from a project developed in CSIT 425 Software Engineering. Project's goal was to simulate the laws of physics using Blender. In particular, it examined particle usage, lighting, animation, and sculpting. Some examples of individual tasks worked in within this project were a man-in-the-moon, a field of grass that looks as if it is flowing in the wind, and a floating drop of water that has a projectile fly through it.
|
<urn:uuid:0efa9902-be4c-4fb4-aeaf-9fc1ef5c2d4d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-17
|
http://home.fredonia.edu/cis/blender
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119642.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00012-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958025 | 129 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Microcometes paludosa Cienkowski, 1876
Observations: This genus is of uncertain affinities. Organisms with cell body 5-7 µm in diameter living in a lorica measuring 10-13 µm in diameter, the lorica organic, becoming brown with age, presumably due to accumulated metal salts. Fine, occasionally branching pseudopodia with small granules emerge from 4-8 collared apertures. With two short relatively inactive cilia that are hard to see except in cells that have settled recently and are without lorica or with a transparent lorica. With contractile vacuole, nucleus with round nucleolus.
Ecology: Extremely common, from Carlisle beach and Carlton River.
Remarks: This genus was first described by Cienkowski (1876) as an amoeba of uncertain affinities. It has been reported infrequently from Northern Europe and America (e.g. Leidy 1879, Penard 1902). It is not surprising that this organism was mistaken for an amoeba, given the difficulty of observing the cilia in all but recently settled cells. The genus has similarities with naked amoebo-ciliates having fine pseudopodia such as Massisteria (Larsen and Patterson 1990, Patterson and Fenchel 1990) and Gymnophrys (Mikrjukov and Mylnikov 1995) - but ultrastructural or molecular studies will be required to establish if Microcometes is closely related to either of these. This species has not previously been reported from Australia.
Lee, W.J., Simpson, A. G. B. and Patterson, D. J.: Free-living Heterotrophic ciliates from Freshwater Sites in Tasmania (Australia), a Field Survey Acta Protozool. (2005) 44: 321 - 350.
|
<urn:uuid:28451beb-a299-4817-8c20-6eef35b8346e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://arcella.nl/patterson
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424961.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170725042318-20170725062318-00116.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920292 | 396 | 2.921875 | 3 |
KJV Dictionary Definition: liberal
LIB'ERAL, a. L. liberalis, from liber, free. See Libe.
1. Of a free heart; free to give or bestow; not close or contracted; munificent; bountiful; generous; giving largely; as a liberal donor; the liberal founders of a college or hospital. It expresses less than profuse or extravagant.
2. Generous; ample; large; as a liberal donation; a liberal allowance.
3. Not selfish, narrow on contracted; catholic; enlarged; embracing other interests than one's own; as liberal sentiments or views; a liberal mind; liberal policy.
4. General; extensive; embracing literature and the sciences generally; as a liberal education. This phrase is often but not necessarily synonymous with collegiate; as a collegiate education.
5. Free; open; candid; as a liberal communication of thoughts.
6. Large; profuse; as a liberal discharge of matter by secretions or excretions.
7. Free; not literal or strict; as a liberal construction of law.
8. Not mean; not low in birth or mind.
9. Licentious; free to excess.
Liberal arts, as distinguished from mechanical arts, are such as depend more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of the hands, and regard amusement, curiosity or intellectual improvement, rather than the necessity of subsistence, or manual skill. Such are grammar, rhetoric, painting, sculpture, architecture, music. &c.
Liberal has of before the thing bestowed, and to before the person or object on which any thing is bestowed; as, to be liberal of praise or censure; liberal to the poor.
LIBERAL'ITY, n. L. liberalitas. See Liberal.
1. Munificence; bounty.
That liberality is but cast away, which makes us borrow what we cannot pay.
2. A particular act of generosity; a donation; a gratuity. In this sense, it has the plural number. A prudent man is not impoverished by his liberalities.
3. Largeness of mind; catholicism; that comprehensiveness of mind which includes other interests beside its own, and duly estimates in its decisions the value or importance of each. It is evidence of a noble mind to judge of men and things with liberality.
Many treat the gospel with indifference under the name of liberality.
4. Candor; impartiality.
LIB'ERALIZE, v.t. To render liberal or catholic; to enlarge; to free from narrow views or prejudices; as, to liberalize the mind.
LIB'ERALIZED, pp. Freed from narrow views and prejudices; made liberal.
LIB'ERALIZING, ppr. Rendering liberal; divesting of narrow views and prejudices.
1. Bountifully; freely; largely; with munificence.
If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not. James 1.
2. With generous and impartial regard to other interests than our own; with enlarged views; without selfishness or meanness; as, to think or judge liberally of men and their actions.
3. Freely; not strictly; not literally.
LIB'ERATE, v.t. L. libero, from liber, free.
1. To free; to release from restraint or bondage; to set at liberty; as, to liberate one from duress or imprisonment; to liberate the mind from the shackles of prejudice.
2. To manumit; as, to liberate a slave.
LIB'ERATED, pp. Freed; released from confinement, restraint or slavery; manumitted.
LIB'ERATING, ppr. Delivering from restraint or slavery.
LIBERA'TION, n. L. liberatio. The act of delivering from restraint, confinement or slavery.
LIB'ERATOR, n. One who liberates or delivers.
|
<urn:uuid:43e5ce22-dec3-4487-b523-25ccccee5def>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-51
|
https://av1611.com/kjbp/kjv-dictionary/liberal.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376827639.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20181216095437-20181216121437-00239.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.894251 | 844 | 2.640625 | 3 |
What’s a Phthalate and Why You Can’t Find Them in Home Depot
Originally Published June 2017
Phthalates (plasticizers) are additives used to make vinyl products (think garden hose, shower curtains and hundreds more) softer and flexible.
Sounds simple – add some to vinyl to make a zillion flexible products – but – like so many things we use, there’s another side to phthalate plasticizers. Here’s the story.
Phthalates are a known endocrine disruptor, negatively affecting the reproductive system of lab animals. There are even reports from the Everglades (think leaching landfills) of alligators with diminished or deformed sex organs.
Phthalates are a semi-volatile – they exude from vinyl and may be breathed or ingested. To prevent unintended health problems (sorry alligators) the CPSC has banned six phthalates from use in most juvenile products. Sharing this concern, Home Depot and Lowes committed by the end of 2015 to sell only phthalate free vinyl flooring to keep those crawling babies safe!
A great example of doing business responsibly and demonstrating that it’s possible to make flexible vinyl products without phthalate plasticizers. We’ve been doing this for 8 years!
We’ll talk more about safer vinyl products in coming posts so stay tuned!
|
<urn:uuid:a1b57906-9c0e-4628-ad1f-feb66b076fae>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-29
|
https://lentexwallcoverings.com/excepteur-occaeuiecat-sint-occaeuiecat-cupidatat-2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655891640.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20200707013816-20200707043816-00560.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.912699 | 288 | 2.59375 | 3 |
“Largest & oldest military aviation museum”
The National Museum of the United States Air Force collects, researches, conserves, interprets and presents the Air Force's history, heritage and traditions, as well as today's mission to fly, fight and win ... in Air, Space and Cyberspace to a global audience through engaging exhibits, educational outreach, special programs, and the stewardship of the national historic collection. These statutory duties delegated by the Secretary of the Air Force are accomplished on behalf of the American people. We are the keepers of their stories. This exhibit also houses The Avro Canada VZ-9 Avrocar was a VTOL aircraft developed by Avro Aircraft Ltd. (Canada) as part of a secret U.S. military project carried out in the early years of the Cold War. The Avrocar intended to exploit the Coandă effect to provide lift and thrust from a single "turborotor" blowing exhaust out the rim of the disk-shaped aircraft to provide anticipated VTOL-like performance. In the air, it would have resembled a flying saucer. A Boeing VC-137C known as SAM (Special Air Mission) 26000, the aircraft that served as Air Force One on the day of President John F. Kennedy's assassination, stands as the centerpiece of the Presidential Gallery. In addition to Air Force One, the public can enter the presidential aircraft of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower. Five smaller presidential planes and four other aircraft are also on display. The museum's Early Years Gallery conveys the magic and wonder of the formative days of military air power. The gallery's aircraft collection, exhibits and artifacts combine to capture the spirit of imagination of that transformational era, chronicling the time from the Wright brothers and their contemporaries, through World War I and to the lead up to World War II. Opened to the public in 2004, the Missile and Space Gallery is contained in a silo-like structure that stands 140 feet high. Visitors can view missiles such as the Titan I and II and Jupiter from ground level or can take in an aerial view from an elevated platform that hugs the inside circumference of the gallery. As part of the museum's ongoing expansion efforts, the gallery also features a portion of the museum's space collection, including the Apollo 15 Command Module, Mercury and Gemini capsules, rocket engines, satellites and balloon gondolas. Located adjacent to the Presidential Gallery, the Research & Development Gallery honors the pioneering spirit of air power visionaries who have sought through the decades to achieve greater possibilities. Gallery visitors can view unique and exotically designed aircraft, such as the only remaining aircraft of its kind, the imposing XB-70 Valkyrie, which could fly three times the speed of sound.
This museum is an absolute must visit for anyone with even a passing interest in military aviation. The entire gamut of the history of the USAF is covered, from the earliest WWI biplanes to the F-22 to a display of tactical nuclear missiles to an Apollo and Gemini space capsule.
You absolutely must visit this museum if you have the chance.
Fantastic museum for anyone who loves military history, flight history, and even fairly current amazing aircraft! On par with Smithsonian Air & Space Museum! My husband was in heaven & I found plenty to keep me interested! Even children will have intetest in all the actual planes/rockets/bombers, etc. right in front of them!!!!
By far the best museum in the Dayton area. The museum part is great, and gets 4/5 but the hangar is by far the better part for me.
The presidential planes are here. Of course military jets of all sizes and types, including some hard to find.
Be warned though that the female persuasion, I've found, are less than enthused.
My favorite plane in the entire museum is the F-117A. I've always been a fan of the Nighthawk, as it is a technological wonder. The entire museum experience is terrific if you're at all into air planes. I can't wait to take my boys and watch their heads explode with excitement.
I have gone there several times. As a history buff and fan of aviation this is a must for any like minded travelers. The sheer volume of planes and artifacts is astounding.
One of the absolute best museums in not only the midwest but the entire country. A close 2nd, maybe an equal, to even the Smithsonian. Make time to visit the Presidential Hangar and you can even see some old Air Force 1s. The best part? IT'S FREE!!!
The most impressive collection of military aircraft I've ever seen. We live in Virginia and have been to the Smithsonian in DC and the Udvar-Hazy and I personally think this museum is way better. Take the guided tours if you can. The guide are super knowledgeable. 4 hangers packed with aircraft from all eras. The new hanger 4 had the retired presidential Air Force 1 that you can walk through. You need to make sure you have time. I would guess an hour per hanger if doing self-guided. We will definitely return because we ran out of time. Best of all is that it's free.
This museum was absolutely fantastic! A must see...and be sure to allow yourself plenty of time.
We are not military buffs or aviation hobbyists, but we would highly recommend a visit here. Unfortunately, we only had 2 hours to spend and only saw one of the three hangers. If we are ever near by again, we would spend more time.
Definitely one of the best museums I have ever been to. I spent 4 hours though and didn't even get to see it all, so be prepared to spend a while if you want to see everything. . . it'll definitely be worth it!
Be the first to add a review to the National Museum of the US Air Force.
National Museum of the US Air Force
- Sun - Sat: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Is there a problem with this listing? Let us know.
Credit Cards Accepted
Own this business?
Claim your business to keep your
listing's information up to date.
|
<urn:uuid:a90ece07-1814-418a-b73c-bcf9cea2a56a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-51
|
https://roadtrippers.com/us/wright-patterson-afb-oh/attractions/national-museum-of-the-us-air-force
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948589177.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20171216201436-20171216223436-00771.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947751 | 1,282 | 2.625 | 3 |
Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) Complex Warm Waste Pond Liner Replacement
October 24, 2016
Background Information and Challenge
Liner removal and typical anchor trench was not an option due to radioactive contamination within and around the perimeters of the two waste ponds. The engineered detail was to leave the existing double liner system in place and build an elevated berm on the existing ground elevation in order to not disturb the potential radioactive contamination under the ground surface. This made a difficult transition to avoid bridging between the existing slope elevation and the new sandbag berm.
During the construction process, it was determined that the east pond could be needed to store liquid coming from the reactor above the original design elevation and, therefore, the pond needed to be watertight between the existing berm and the new sandbag berm in a worst case scenario. It was also determined that Radiation II training was required for all personal inside the posted areas
Solution and Results
The sandbag berm was built to maintain the existing slope angle to minimize the possibility o f bridging. On Pond #2, a prefabricated skirt was seamed to the existing 20+ year old CSPE liner and extended up and over the sandbag berm.
A water tight barrier was formed between the existing top of berm and the top of the new sandbag berm. Allowing the water from Pond #1 to be pumped Into Pond #2 allowing the installation of the double-lined system
About Layfield Environmental Containment
Layfield Environmental Containment is a leading North American vertically integrated company involved in the manufacturing, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of geomembranes and floating cover systems used for environmental containment.
|
<urn:uuid:63e38bf6-3e39-4ef7-b0d1-e551b05244be>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-13
|
https://www.layfieldgroup.com/Corporate/About-Us/News/Advanced-Test-Reactor-(ATR)-Complex-Warm-Waste-Pon.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645604.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20180318091225-20180318111225-00306.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930223 | 346 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Amazon basin is among the most biodiverse regions of the world. This diversity of plant and animal life is matched by equally complex variations in the human societies inhabiting the Amazon region. The region is home to several hundred indigenous languages, a variety of subsistence practices, from slash-and-burn agriculture to hunting and gathering and from cattle ranching to riverine lifestyles.
Amazonian anthropology is a relatively young field within social anthropology yet it has been at the forefront of significant analytical developments in the discipline as a whole. For example, the lasting influence of Lévi-Straussian structuralism as a seminal and formative theory continues to shape and inspire new developments in modern social anthropology and is deeply connected to its roots in lowland South American ethnography. Similarly, recent debates on what it means to be human, and on culture and nature have been heavily influenced by ethnographic and analytical findings from South America.
Amazonian anthropology at Oxford was pioneered by Audrey Butt Colson, who studied under Edward Evans-Pritchard, and Peter Rivière, who was supervised by Rodney Needham. Both worked in the Guianas - Audrey with Akawaio and other Pemon people, and Peter with the Trio. In 1967 Peter Rivière taught the first full-fledged course on the indigenous societies of Lowland South America to be offered in a British university.
At present, research and teaching on Amazonian anthropology in Oxford focuses mainly on the original inhabitants of the Amazon - indigenous peoples and their lifeways. Current research aims to shed light on the interrelatedness of people and their environments; the constitution of persons and social identities; and relations between the material and social world.
Dr Elizabeth Ewart
Elizabeth obtained her PhD from the London School of Economics, University of London, UK under the supervision of Peter Gow. She works with Panará people in Central Brazil among whom she has carried out long-term fieldwork.Her research interests include: Amazonian anthropology; Amerindian conceptualisations of personhood and alterity; material culture and visual perception; the symbolic significance of everyday practices such as garden cultivation and child-rearing.
Dr Laura Rival
After a first degree in Anthropology and Linguistics at UBC (Vancouver, Canada), Laura went to study at the LSE (London, UK) under the supervision of Maurice Bloch. Her doctoral research was among the Huaorani Indians of Amazonian Ecuador (1989-92), with whom she spent many months of fieldwork over the years. She has also worked amongst the Makushi of southern Guyana, and the Chachis (Cayapas) of the Ecuadorian Chocó.Her research interests include: Amazonian anthropology; Amerindian conceptualizations of nature and society; historical and political ecology; the impact of development on indigenous peoples; sustainability as value.
|
<urn:uuid:7e35dcbd-0f1f-43a1-8e30-9304164d20f3>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-30
|
https://anthro.web.ox.ac.uk/amazonian-anthropology
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195526948.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190721102738-20190721124738-00101.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.944966 | 581 | 2.671875 | 3 |
High winds, open burning, and unexpected fires have contributed to poor air quality in the Montrose area. Montrose County Public Health would like to offer a few tips to community members that are affected by the additional smoke in the air.
Most healthy people have no more than minor or short-term health difficulties with smoke. However, excessive smoke can result in unhealthy or hazardous air quality. If smoke is affecting your health, contact your doctor. Also try to move in a place with cleaner air flow and follow these following tips:
Always be prepared to evacuate if any fire is in your path and plan ahead. Your evacuation route and destination can save your life. Ready Colorado has great resources for emergency planning and preparedness at https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/dhsem/readycolorado-0.
Those who are most likely to be affected by smoke are the elderly, young children, people with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma, emphysema, COPD, and cardiovascular disease. Symptoms that are related to smoke exposure are: eye, nose and/or throat irritation- runny eyes and/or nose, coughing, sore throat. Trouble breathing or tightness of the chest are symptoms that may be a health emergency—at that time please call 911. For more information on Montrose County Public Health, please visit montrosecounty.net.
|
<urn:uuid:c88b938f-b4da-4daa-b687-bf2cb645c8b4>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-04
|
http://www.montrosecounty.net/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=574
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584328678.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123085337-20190123111337-00336.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94365 | 281 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Request Free, One-on-one Academic Assessment
Educating Our Parents: Understanding the Thorold District Curriculum
The English curriculum has been developed to encompass all literacy and communication learning across subject areas. Students read and write fiction and non-fiction, use media as texts to analyze, participate in discussions, and develop the skills for effective research. This learning is used throughout a students education and in their future pursuits. Each subject has the goal of developing the skills for success in life.
In Math, learning begins with fundamentals of numeracy, mathematical literacy, measurement and shapes, and mathematical relationships. Students move on into advanced work in Algebra, Geometry, Statistics, Trigonometry and pre-Calculus. In Science, the foundation is established in biology, chemistry and physics, earth, environment and space science, and technology. These are all areas which students can take up advanced learning during secondary school.
Contact our Academic Directors Today at 1-877-545-7737 to Discuss your Child's Strengths and Areas for Improvement.
SchoolTutoring Academy’s tutoring programs for Thorold students start with a free academic assessment with an Academic Director. Our flagship tutoring programs are available for $199.99/month which include regular one-on-one tutoring, academic mentorship, bi-monthly progress reports, learning profiles, and parental conference calls.
Thorold District Curriculum Used in Our In-Home Tutoring Programs
The local area schools use the Ontario Curriculum which is expansive in its scope, providing students with a wide range of pathways to pursue during their education. The curriculum is built around traditional academic learning, and lays out a clear progression which students take during their elementary and secondary education. The curriculum also establishes learning goals for French-language programs and has developed a number of innovative programs that connect students to their post-secondary opportunities. Dual credit, cooperative education, and specialist high skills major programs are available to all students.
Keeping Informed: Recent Thorold Educational News
- Army Reserve Co-op Program - The Army Reserve Co-op Program is offered to students in the Niagara District School Board who are interested in incorporating the discipline and learning of military science into their educational experience. This program also connects students with valuable work experiences in civilian fields that support the goals of national defense and safety.
- Parent Voices in Education - Across the province, the Parents Voices in Education Initiative has allowed many parents to become involved in the school and the policies which affect their childrens education. This initiative has grown the role of advisory committees which oversee all areas of education, and provided other means for parents to volunteer time with the schools.
- Student Success Program - The Niagara District has taken steps to ensure that students in Thorold have access to all the innovative program available within the district. This means changes to the program offerings at area schools, a wider selection of learning options for students, and a broader diversity of pathways for students to choose from.
Testimonials and Case Studies from Our Parents
SchoolTutoring Academy has played an important role in improving our son’s confidence and attitude towards school. His grades have also improved steadily throughout the school year.
My daughter was very self-conscious about her difficulties with the math section of the SAT. SchoolTutoring Academy’s Academic Directors created an action plan that boosted my daughter’s score and confidence level.
SchoolTutoring Academy has not only improved my son’s standardized test scores but also his high school math and English grades. Test Prep Academy has not only improved my son’s standardized test scores but also his high school math and English grades.
SchoolTutoring Academy Increased My SAT Score By 200 Points
My son’s math marks in high school have always been weak so I found it very beneficial that his ACT tutor worked on solidifying his fundamentals while prepping for the ACT.
SchoolTutoring Academy gave my daughter the confidence she needed to boost her SAT score Thank you!
SchoolTutoring has played an important role in improving our son’s confidence and attitude towards school. His grades have also improved steadily throughout the school year.
My daughter was able to improve her test scores after a few months of tutoring with SchoolTutoring. However, while raising test scores is great, the real payoff is in the self-confidence that she gained.
I just wanted to send a quick note to say thank-you! My son is very impressed with his tutor and looks forward to each session. What’s particularly amazing about this is our son has never really looked forward to math or school for that matter!
We are so happy with the results of your tutoring program and academic support. Homework time was such a stressful evening for the entire evening before we brought your tutors into our home. Thank you for all your help!
Our daughter, a first grader, struggled with basic reading and handwriting. When she began with SchoolTutoring she was almost a year behind her class. Within a year of being enrolled, she is reading above her grade level and has the confidence to match.
One-on-one learning with a certified private in-home tutor
Tutoring at your child's pace & schedule - available 7 days a week
Personalized instruction in the comfort of your home
Tutors that are highly-qualified K-12 and university educators
Our instructors hail from Harvard, Stanford, Duke and other top institutions
Our tutors are different from the ones you find in your neighborhood
Staff Tutors with Outstanding Credentials
Our educators have graduated from top academic institutions, and many of them have achieved in the 90th percentile or higher on standardized tests. Equally importantly, they enjoy coaching students across a variety of subject areas and standardized tests
Educators Beyond What You Find Down the Block
Students work collaboratively with their private tutor who is a top-notch college graduate well beyond the academic caliber that you’ll typically find in your neighbourhood
Experienced Academic Directors to Create and Adjust Learning Plans
Every student is paired up with both a private tutor and an Academic Director responsible for creating a comprehensive learning plan and constantly tweeking it to optimize for results
Fully Customized Programs with Regular Progress Reports
With regular progress reports and archived copies of your lessons, you can easily track your progress and review concepts from past lessons
Meet Our Tutors
Each of them is highly-qualified K-12 and university educators
My name is Michelle O. and I am a certified Calculus Tutor from Bloomington,
My name is Davis H. and I am a certified English Tutor from Greenville, South Carolina.
My name is Jane W. and I am certified SAT/ACT Tutor from San Diego, California.
My name is Ken B. and I am a certified Math and Statistics Tutor from California.
My name is Kevin L. and I am a certified Social Studies Tutor from Guelph, Ontario.
My name is Daniel C. and I am a High School Math, English and Economics.
My name is Amy B. and I am a Math, English Tutor from Darlington, South Carolina.
My name is Owen M. and I am a Math, English, Languages, ACT Tutor from Dundas, Ontario.
My name is Daniel H. and I am an English, ACT, SAT, Social Studies Tutor from Broken Arrow, Oklahoma.
My name is Akosua A. and I am a Math, Science, English, ACT Tutor from Brampton, Ontario.
My name is Davis H. and I am a certified Math, Science, English Tutor from Greenville, South Carolina.
My name is Jania B. and I am a Math, English Tutor from Eight Mile, Alabama.
Chalk Talk: How Assessments Are Used to Guide Instruction
Students take many assessments during the year, and there is a drive by educators and administrators to use the information from these assessments to plan improvements to instruction. Students will take assessments for completely different purposes: many tests given early in the school year are designed to show teachers what students know and where instruction will be best focused. End of year proficiency tests measure student learning, show areas of strength and weakness for individual students, and show how entire grades are doing and where instruction needs to be increased.
|
<urn:uuid:ebf1f862-5245-4e33-be08-efe3c878a7db>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-39
|
https://schooltutoring.com/tutoring-in-thorold-ontario/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818693459.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20170925220350-20170926000350-00499.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957274 | 1,724 | 3 | 3 |
Submitted to: Brazilian Conference on Mycotoxins Proceedings
Publication Type: Proceedings
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/22/1999
Publication Date: N/A
Citation: Interpretive Summary: Some fungi produce toxic compounds called mycotoxins when they grow on foods and feeds. The toxins occur all over the world and research is being conducted to reduce the contamination in foods and feeds. The toxins can be very harmful to human and animal health, and can cause cancer by their effects on the liver and kidneys. Physical, chemical and biological processes are being studied to find ways to inactivate, remove or destroy mycotoxins found in foods and feeds. The best control method is to prevent contamination by using good management practices when growing the crops that feed us and our livestock.
Technical Abstract: Mycotoxins receive increasing worldwide attention as awareness of them as contaminants in our food and feed sources generates additional research and revised tolerance levels. The primary target organ for aflatoxins and fumonisins is the liver, but for ochratoxins the kidneys are greatly affected. Control strategies for mycotoxins include physical separation of contaminated feed fractions, microbial and chemical inactivation, and the use of binding agents that absorb and form complexes with mycotoxins. The best way to reduce toxin contamination is by prevention during production and storage of feed grains through effective management strategies.
|
<urn:uuid:cab3d507-b3c7-4516-909e-ecc8e7a1a52d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-09
|
https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=100910
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170940.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00304-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939118 | 286 | 3.625 | 4 |
July 24, 2014
Throwback Thursday: The Fifes & Drums
The Colonial Williamsburg Fifes and Drums – also known as the Field Music of the Virginia State Garrison Regiment – carries forward the tradition of military music. Since 1958, visitors in The Revolutionary City have enjoyed the musical performances and experienced the history of America’s Revolution.
Colonial Williamsburg’s field musicians are drawn from a waiting list of young community applicants. Boys and girls begin their education in military music at age 10 and practice weekly for the next eight years, until after they have graduated from high school. These young people talk with the public about the role of music in the 18th-century military. They teach younger members the music and history lessons needed to continue the tradition of the field musicians.
The Fifes and Drums appear in more than 700 performances each year. The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation is justifiably proud of each of these truly remarkable young Americans, past and present. They have come to symbolize what is best about our community, our history, and our museum.
Watch Williamsburg Before and After
|
<urn:uuid:05694423-f2c6-44b5-a831-844f76a77b30>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-22
|
http://whatsnew.history.org/2014/07/throwback-thursday-the-fifes-drums/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928865.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00119-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959687 | 227 | 2.890625 | 3 |
June 15, 1851
Norwich, Norfolk, England
William Sheward stabs his wife to death with a pair of scissors following an argument before dismembering her and casually scattering pieces of her body around town
The Shewards quarreled about money, and in a fit of rage William stabbed Martha to death with a pair of scissors and slit her throat ear-to-ear with a straight razor. He changed his bloody clothing and left his wife’s body on the floor to attend a job interview.
When he returned, noticing Martha hadn’t been discovered during his absence, he decided to dispose of her body. He dismembered her corpse, reducing it to chunks. He boiled the pieces or cooked them in the stove, placed pieces in a pail, and spent several nights wandering around Norfolk tossing pieces as he went.
This was time-consuming and Martha’s body began to putrefy, so Sheward cut the boiling process out of his routine and dumped the rest of her body. He told neighbors Martha had left him, which was widely accepted. Sheward went on about his life and largely forgot about the murder.
Eighteen years later, Sheward drank in excess and, feeling remorseful, confessed the murder to police. They took his signed confession (pictured), but when Sheward sobered up he tried to deny the crime. His confession included where a larger portion of her remains were left, which assisted in proving the validity of the statement. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to death by hanging. He was executed April 20, 1869.
|
<urn:uuid:f1cc25a1-d6bb-4b91-8dc7-6ad2f6cc66d0>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-04
|
https://horrorhistory.net/2018/06/15/man-murders-dismembers-wife-after-argument-discards-body-piece-by-piece-across-town/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584520525.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20190124100934-20190124122934-00199.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.988291 | 328 | 3.0625 | 3 |
A writing conference is, first and foremost, a conversation. The word conversation suggests so many things about the way you should talk with your students. The goal of a writing conference is to teach students something about writing that they can use in the future. If you add to students' writing repertoires in every conference, they become better writers over time.
It's important that you teach students about one aspect of writing in each conference. This one aspect could be:
- A strategy for navigating a stage of the writing process, such as how to come up with a topic or edit a draft
- A craft technique, such as how to write an effective beginning (or lead) for a piece of writing or use transitions
- A point of grammar or mechanics, such as how to punctuate a sentence with a period or set off a dependent clause with a comma
If you try to teach two or three things in conferences, they will go on for too long—and students won’t be able to take in so much teaching, no matter how well intentioned. Helping students grow as writers is a long-range project. Across a school year, you’ll have many writing conferences with students—and whatever you don’t address in one conference can always be a focus later.
Teaching students to be better writers require that you learn to navigate the three parts of a writing conference. Within each part, there are one or more conferring moves you'll learn to make by using intentional language.
When you ask the question, “How’s it going?” at the beginning of writing conferences, you’re doing much more than inviting students to talk about what they’re doing as writers. The question initiates your relationship with each student and deepens each of these relationships in subsequent conferences.
In conferences, the student becomes known to you as a person, a writer, and a learner. As you come to know each child, you shape and adjust your teaching for that child. Students, too, learn a lot about you in conferences. Through conferring, you become known to your students. For most students, getting to know you helps them be more comfortable and open to learning in conferences.
The relationships that grow out of writing conferences are not the by-product of conferring—they are one of the important goals, since these relationships are so central to students’ growth as writers.
Carl Anderson is one of the nation’s leading experts on teaching writing to students in grades K-12. He dedicates his energies exclusively as an education consultant and writer.
Carl recently worked for Teachers College Reading and Writing Project at Columbia University as a Lead Staff Developer, providing staff development in the teaching of writing grades K–8. He spent school days in New York City elementary and middle schools demonstrating effective teaching in the writing workshop and coaching teachers. He gave day-long workshops for teachers at Teachers College on launching the writing workshop, conferring with student writers, mini-lessons, and developing curriculum for the writing workshop.
Carl is the author of numerous books including the bestselling How's It Going? A Practical Guide to Conferring with Student Writers, as well as Assessing Writers and the series Strategic Writing Conferences: Smart Conversations that Move Young Writers Forward Grades 3-6.
His latest book, A Teacher's Guide to Writing Conferences, is part of the Classroom Essentials series. Full of classroom video, the book helps teachers understand the underlying principles and reasons for conferring with students, and how to make writing conferences a part of teachers' daily routines.
Follow Carl on Twitter @ConferringCarl
|
<urn:uuid:de7dba85-ab61-4071-b195-70d6d7815148>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-40
|
https://blog.heinemann.com/what-is-a-writing-conference
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030334915.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20220926175816-20220926205816-00340.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964161 | 756 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Porter's Five Forces Model helps strategic business managers analyze the industry in which their companies operate to determine what can be done to get an advantage over their existing competitors and also to determine how attractive a particular industry would be for new entrants.
Porter's Five Forces are: 1) Threats of entry posed by new or potential competitors; 2) Degree of rivalry among existing firms; 3) Bargaining power of buyers; 4) Bargaining power of suppliers and 5) Closeness of substitute products.
Below is an anlysis of the Pharmaceutical Industry using the above named forces:
1. Threats of entry posed by new or potential competitor (LOW)
- High entry barriers due to costs associated with research & development of new drugs (i.e. years of investment in R&D for a drug that may/may not work)
- Government regulation (i.e. FDA)
- The threat of entry posed by new or potential competitor is a LOW competitive force due to the above entry barriers & regulatory constraints.
3. Bargaining power of buyers (MEDIUM)
- Hospitals & other health care organizations buy in bulk quantities and exert pressure on pharmaceutical companies to keep prices in check
- Regular patients have lost bargaining power due to price increases in generic drugs
- The bargaining power of buyers is a MEDIUM competitive force.
4. Bargaining power of suppliers (LOW)
- Sales for the pharmaceutical industry concentrate in a handful of large players and that has decreased the bargaining power of suppliers.
- The bargaining power of suppliers is a LOW competitive force
5. Closeness of substitute products (HIGH)
- Demand for generic versus brand name drugs has increased because of the costs
- Generic drug companies do not have the high costs associated with the research & development of new drugs and that allows them to sell at cheaper prices
- The closeness of substitute products is a HIGH competitive force
Overall and based on the above analysis of Porter’s Five Forces, we can conclude that the pharmaceutical industry is not attractive for new entrants.
|
<urn:uuid:86575b47-0be5-490f-86d3-615ce9e4f394>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-26
|
http://studentsviewonstrategicmgmt.blogspot.com/2008/03/porters-five-forces-analysis-for.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783395346.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154955-00056-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940815 | 425 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Have you ever heard one of those “Name that tune” contests on the radio? The radio host will play 2 or 3 seconds of a song and invite people to call in with the name of the song. The first caller with the correct answer wins a prize.
Dozens or even hundreds of people will call in – most of them with the correct answer!
How do we do that? From 2 or 3 seconds?
Have you ever wondered why listening to bird song, and gentle wind in the trees and/or bubbling water is so calming?
Why does a car horn or siren put you immediately on alert?
Psychoacoustics is the study of how humans perceive sound – the psychology of sound.
- One aspect of this study includes the physics of sound and how it travels.
- Another aspect is understanding the physical process of how we hear. How the pressure created by sound pushes on our eardrums. How this pressure is transferred to the inner ear, decoded and sent to the brain.
Finding out where sound goes in the brain is a fascinating new branch of study in the field of neuroscience. Magnetic imaging results of this process are fascinating. You may have heard of Daniel Levitin and/or his book, This is Your Brain on Music. In fact, Levitin explains how it is that we can identify a song in 2 seconds in his book. Subjects in his experiments get a snippet of only one tenth of a second to identify the song – and most of them can do it!
- And then, there is the study of how music or certain sounds change our mood. The research within this aspect of psychoacoustics is extensive.
When I was pregnant with our second child, I was learning how to play the lute. Since not many people know what this instrument looks like, there is a picture below. My lute is a copy of one in a German museum that was built in 1685.
As you can see from the shape of the back of the lute, it was the same shape as my abdomen as I reached the late stages of pregnancy – only in the opposite direction. Trying to hold and play the lute was like trying to balance one basketball on top of another.
I managed though, and enjoyed my practice.
It is well known that a fetus can hear by the 4th month of pregnancy. Matt became accustomed to the soft sounds of the lute through my stomach throughout his gestation.
I found it fascinating that after he was born, if I played my lute or a recording of lute music when he was really fussy or crying, he would immediately stop crying and listen to the music. It was consistently a dramatic change in his mood.
I just wish it had worked as well when he became a teenager.
- In addition to the studies of the effect of music and/or sound on our mood, there are many studies of the effect of music on us physically, such as changes in blood pressure, heart rate, brainwave state, pain and more. There is some overlap with mood here as some of these physical changes can create a change in our mood.
- Psychoacoustics informs the technology and the development of music listening devices and music formats for digital music, like MP3. The original music file is changed considerably to create an MP3 format. With detailed knowledge of how we hear, this format was created so that most of really can’t tell the difference between a higher quality sound track and an MP3 version of the track.
- The term, applied psychoacoustics has been used to describe music that has been created using psychoacoustic knowledge and principles to make a specific change in your physiology, your mental state or your mood. Music producer, Joshua Leeds, is a world authority on applied psychoacoustics. His book, The Power of Sound, is an excellent source of information on this subject.
You are intimately wired to respond to sound from your atoms to your energetic networks. Music and sound can either create more stress in your life or make your life so much easier.
We often ignore the sound around us, but that doesn’t stop it from affecting you. I encourage you to become aware of the music and sound around you and how it makes you feel, physically, mentally, emotionally and spiritually.
When you become more aware of the sound and music around you, you are empowered to make choices that support your wellbeing in so many ways.
In our Sound Wellness Fundamentals of Healing with Sound and Music course we explore a buffet of different kinds of sounds and music to find out what works FOR YOU, to stimulate health and wellbeing. This course also fulfills partial requirements for our Level 1 Sound Wellness Practitioner Training.
Article source: https://soundwellness.com/name-that-tune-2/
|
<urn:uuid:7d5af3ef-ff3c-4def-964c-30f96e843283>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-39
|
http://calgaryauthors.com/name-that-tune/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514575168.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20190922053242-20190922075242-00481.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971479 | 1,002 | 3.3125 | 3 |
An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of a signal. Amplifiers are used in wireless communications and broadcasting, and in audio equipment of all kinds. They can be categorized as either weak-signal amplifiers or power amplifiers.
Weak-signal amplifiers are used primarily in wireless receivers. They are also employed in acoustic pickups, audio tape players, and compact disc players. A weak-signal amplifier is designed to deal with exceedingly small input signals, in some cases measuring only a few nanovolts (units of 10-9 volt). Such amplifiers must generate minimal internal noise while increasing the signal voltage by a large factor. The most effective device for this application is the field-effect transistor. The specification that denotes the effectiveness of a weak-signal amplifier is sensitivity, defined as the number of microvolts (units of 10-6 volt) of signal input that produce a certain ratio of signal output to noise output (usually 10 to 1).
Power amplifiers are used in wireless transmitters, broadcast transmitters, and hi-fi audio equipment. The most frequently-used device for power amplification is the bipolar transistor. However, vacuum tubes, once considered obsolete, are becoming increasingly popular, especially among musicians. Many professional musicians believe that the vacuum tube (known as a "valve" in England) provides superior fidelity.
Two important considerations in power amplification are power output and efficiency. Power output is measured in watts or kilowatts. Efficiency is the ratio of signal power output to total power input (wattage demanded of the power supply or battery). This value is always less than 1. It is typically expressed as a percentage. In audio applications, power amplifiers are 30 to 50 percent efficient. In wireless communications and broadcasting transmitters, efficiency ranges from about 50 to 70 percent. In hi-fi audio power amplifiers, distortion is also an important factor. This is a measure of the extent to which the output waveform is a faithful replication of the input waveform. The lower the distortion, in general, the better the fidelity of the output sound.
|
<urn:uuid:cd186e41-b4a2-49c2-8e38-ec8d397a4f5d>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-05
|
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/amplifier
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084893397.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124050449-20180124070449-00155.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.928479 | 432 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Master techniques for data analysis using Python and the Pandas library.
In our modern times, data is the main force behind any major decision – from how a product changes to even which streets in your city get repaired. This has made data analysis one of the most important concepts to master, as it will be used throughout your life in every industry.
Using real-world flight data, you’ll explore techniques for preparing data for analysis and plotting it using the tools provided by the Pandas library. You’ll also explore various ways data can be analyzed and get a crash course into statistics, an important practice for ultimately using your data to make impactful decisions.
Whether you want to become a data scientist or simply want to make educated, data-based choices, this course will provide you key skills to change how you approach data in general!
This course assumes familiarity with both Python and Pandas.
You will learn how to:
- Clean and validate data
- Plot data with various charts
- Understand the basics of statistics
- Analyze with means and standard deviations
- Implement basic machine learning techniques
… and more!
YOUR COURSES, YOUR WAY
Learn with project-based courses that are designed to be flexible – access them 24/7, fit them around your schedule, and choose the learning materials that suit you best.
You can even download your course videos and watch them offline using the Zenva app, available on iOS and Android.
✅ Watch video lessons
✅ Read text summaries
✅ Explore interactive lessons
✅ Practice with source code
✅ Build real projects
✅ Earn completion certificates
ACHIEVE REAL RESULTS
Our community of 1,000,000+ learners and developers have used the skills learned with us to publish their own games and websites, land their dream jobs, and even start their own businesses – and you have the potential to do the same!
Check out what our learners think below:
I love the lectures, concise course objectives, and how they not only teach you enough to get started, but prepare you for the advanced stuff later down the road.
With Zenva, I started learning a more accurate way to approach problems and develop solutions. It’s full of interesting topics that I love to learn in conjunction with my work.
I chose Zenva because of the large selection of topics and the fact that I can choose what courses I want to take whenever I want to take them. That level of freedom is unique to Zenva.
The Unity courses at Zenva helped me achieve a level of comfort with game development that I didn’t think was possible. They give you the confidence to expand your skills, and were so easy to understand.
LEARN FROM WORLD-CLASS INSTRUCTORS
Our course instructors participate in elite developer programs and have been recognized for their demonstrated excellence in development and teaching.
That way, you can be confident that you’re learning the most up-to-date content from industry experts.
|
<urn:uuid:171178fb-0b1a-4eb3-8fde-96ae0c1333a8>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-27
|
https://academy.zenva.com/product/data-analysis-with-pandas/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104277498.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220703225409-20220704015409-00701.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.924435 | 720 | 2.796875 | 3 |
In late November and early December, diplomats and leaders from around the world will meet in Paris to negotiate a deal to address climate change at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) of the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change. “Unless it is legally binding, it doesn’t make any sense,” Maldives Ambassador Ahmed Sareer said about the COP21 agreement earlier this year, echoing the widespread belief that a legally binding agreement is what constitutes success in Paris.
If this is how success is defined, then Paris will almost certainly fail, since major countries like the U.S., China, and India will refuse to sign on. If Paris is seen as a failure, this may lead to widespread disillusionment with the entire global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and this would indeed constitute a major failure.
Fortunately there is another way of defining and achieving success in Paris — one that still makes sense. The likely outcome in Paris is an international agreement that incorporates national pledges to reduce emissions and provides mechanisms for reviewing the parties’ progress in keeping their pledges. Under this pledge-and-review approach, par... Read more
|
<urn:uuid:fdfc3f04-c929-444b-8561-d243b8f5954e>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-14
|
https://grist.org/author/dale-jamieson/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296943483.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20230320114206-20230320144206-00274.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949309 | 237 | 2.6875 | 3 |
In "How to Bring ‘Mastery Learning’ to the Classroom," EdSurge writer and podcaster Stephen Noonoo describes mastery learning as the idea that the pace of classroom instruction should be determined by “what each student is ready to learn, as a way to ensure they’re really grasping material.” But educators interested in implementing mastery based learning may struggle with the logistics, like scheduling and assessment.
The former high school biology and anatomy teacher Cara Johnson—now an instructional specialist—developed a flipped mastery program which she shared with Noonoo’s EdSurge podcast at the 2019 ASCD Empower conference. By creating short videos of her instruction and allowing students to move at their own pace, Johnson flipped the classroom and put the emphasis on self-paced mastery rather than on whole-class tests and deadlines.
For each concept she wanted students to learn, Johnson made a short video of less than 10 minutes covering the topic. Students watched the video at home and then practiced the concept in class through a game, activity, or online exercise, for example, before taking an assessment called a short mastery check to assess whether they were ready to proceed to the next lesson. Johnson suggests limiting each video to only one concept; otherwise, it is difficult to distinguish where the lack of comprehension happened if a student fails the mastery check.
“They would go to a separate place in the classroom—no notes, no cell phones, no talking, just them and their brain—and they would answer a few questions,” Johnson told Noonoo. “If they were successful, they would move onto the concept. If they struggled and they were not successful in that mastery check, then I sent them back to practice some more.”
The flipped approach allows Johnson to devote more one-on-one time to her students. “The whole time all of this is happening, I’m bouncing around student to student, tracking where they are, measuring what they’ve learned and what they haven’t learned and identifying misconceptions,” said Johnson, referring to the in-class practice and mastery checks.
To make her own time manageable, she uses a cup system where a student turns their cup to green to signal when he or she is struggling or needs special attention. She also adds interviews to her mastery checks, asking students a series of questions to double-check for mastery before they move on.
A pacing calendar helps make sure every student is on-track to master each topic by the end of the year. If students fall too far behind, Johnson calls a one-on-one meeting to talk about how to best get back on track. She asks, “What are you going to do to catch up? In this plan, the focus was more on what are you doing every day in class? How are you deciding to use your time?” Filling in a blank calendar together with specific goals for each class period shows a lagging student a clear path forward to mastery.
The transition to a mastery-based approach was not easy, NooNoo writes. For students who were accustomed to scoring a less-than-perfect grade and moving to the next topic, the requirement of mastery before progressing was daunting.
It took a few months for the parents and students to understand the merit of the new system. Students eventually “realized the value of really having the opportunity to retake assessments and continue to practice until they learn it,” Johnson said. “They started to understand how to be learners and use their time wisely in the classroom and become organized.”
Perhaps Johnson’s biggest tip for teachers who want to implement this kind of flipped mastery in their classrooms? Communication. Sending parents the instructional videos as well as a video of her classroom in action set the expectations for their kids. When parents understand the focus on learning over grades, she says, they become supportive of the mastery practices.
|
<urn:uuid:60c8f76b-4a1f-4e2c-978a-38e7c662e16a>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://www.edutopia.org/article/using-simple-tech-solution-drive-mastery-based-learning
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987813307.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022081307-20191022104807-00044.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973733 | 811 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Diagram of how Hubble will use the Moon to mirror the transit of Venus across the surface of the Sun (Image: NASA, ESA, and A. Feild)
Because of this narrow window, astronomers have already determined which part of the moon's surface to focus upon. A dramatic image captured on January 11 this year shows the location in question, around impact crater Tycho (Photo: NASA, ESA, and D. Ehrenreich)
A scale view of the Tycho impact crater site where Hubble will focus its gaze (Image: NASA, ESA, and Z. Levay)
Hubble's sensitive instruments are designed to capture images such as the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field which contains an estimated 10,000 galaxies, some more than 13 billion years old (Image: NASA, ESA)
The departing Space Shuttle Atlantis captured this image of the Hubble Space Telescope during a maintenance mission which saw the installation of the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph and the Wide Field Camera 3 (Photo: NASA)
From Earth's perspective, on June 5 and 6, Venus will pass across the face of the Sun. By observing the tiny fraction of sunlight that passes through Venus's atmosphere using the Hubble Space Telescope, it is hoped that the planet's atmospheric makeup can be determined. Though we already know the nature of Venus's atmosphere, it is hoped the event will help astronomers hone techniques, already in use, that may one day help to identify Earth-like planets in far-away solar systems. The catch? Hubble cannot observe the Sun directly. Instead it will look at the Moon to observe reflected light.
Other Images from this Gallery
|
<urn:uuid:a3d32540-e38c-4e5f-8b1a-c1d8354c0e2e>
|
CC-MAIN-2013-20
|
http://www.gizmag.com/hubble-moon-mirror-venus-transit/22476/pictures
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368697232084/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516094032-00097-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.899233 | 329 | 4.25 | 4 |
A giant sequoia like The President isn't easy to capture on film. At 247 feet tall and 27 feet in diameter, it takes a lot of hefty equipment to capture the majesty of the second biggest tree on earth.
In this video, you get a brief glimpse into the process as writer David Quammen and photographer Michael “Nick” Nichols climb The President on assigment for National Geographic. The reason for the portraits was to show the true grandeur of the organisms, Nichols said in the video.
"When [people] see the tree in its totality, without distortion, they gasp," he said.
The journalists went alongside Humboldt State University scientist Steve Sillett who conducts research for the Redwoods and Climate Change Initiative. Sillett and fellow RCCI scientists are trying to find out how changes in global temperature could affect these trees. The story and its images were on the cover of National Geographic’s December issue (for more photos, check out the National Geographic site).
The President is found in the Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park, California. While it isn't the tallest tree on earth, the girth of giant sequoias is unmatched. (The only tree larger than The President is another nearby sequoia called General Sherman.) And at 3,200 years old, the tree is growing faster than ever. According to Sillett's research, the older Sequoias get, the more they grow.
The National Geographic team traveled to Sequoia National Park in February to capture images of The Presdent in the snow.
"The portrait was taken in the winter, not beause the science team was there then, but because Nick wanted to see the tree in the winter,” Quammen told National Parks Traveler. “He was thinking that that was just a very majestic and also revealing way to do a portrait of it because they are in winter conditions for five or six months."
|
<urn:uuid:ae41b055-26d7-4b25-90dc-cf206ce7acc4>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-43
|
https://www.theactivetimes.com/video-natgeo-writer-climbs-photographs-huge-giant-sequoia
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513508.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020225938-20181021011438-00519.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970022 | 402 | 3 | 3 |
- the stress pattern or patterns associated with words as arranged in sentences in a particular language.
Compare word stress.
Origin of sentence stress
First recorded in 1880–85
Also called sense stress, sentence accent.
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018
- the stress given to a word or words in a sentence, often conveying nuances of meaning or emphasis
Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012
|
<urn:uuid:fdca7eb0-bd1d-45ce-822f-0677b956fad7>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-26
|
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/sense-stress
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867095.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624215228-20180624235228-00026.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.852307 | 138 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Although the early beginnings of the Bedouin are vast, their characteristically nomadic lifestyle is traced to the late 19th-century, when the Ottoman Empire attempted to force their assimilation into society. Toward the end of their rule, new regulations were put in place to make them register their property with the government, resulting largely in refusals from the Bedouin, who began moving from one place to the next.
Editor’s Note: This recommendation was taken from our Egypt Things to Do blog. Visit the original post to continue reading the full post and to learn more about things to do in Egypt.
Photo courtesy of mattk1979 via Flickr
|
<urn:uuid:19c0c5ba-3093-4fdc-a9c9-7013f54cea5b>
|
CC-MAIN-2014-35
|
http://www.viator.com/Egypt-tourism/Understanding-the-Bedouin-culture-of-Egypt/d722-t8938
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1408500820886.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140820021340-00020-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972755 | 136 | 3.21875 | 3 |
The Comical Revenge: or Love in a Tub was the first play written by Sir George Etherege (1636-1691/2), first performed in 1664. The play is important in the history of drama because of the unique way in which Etherege employs two separate language styles. The love and honour plot, which has two couples, Beaufort and Graciana, Bruce and Aurelia, mistaking each other's feelings and becoming embroiled in intrigue, duels, sword play and sentimental aphorisms, is written in rhyming couplets. For example in Act 4, scene 5, the two girls believe Bruce has been killed by Beaufort.
AURELIA. Cruel Graciana, go but in and see
The fatal Triumph of your victory.
The noble Bruce to …
|
<urn:uuid:aae2b1e9-e210-421a-bba0-2c7bf3d22a26>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-40
|
http://www.litencyc.com/php/sworks.php?rec=true&UID=1225
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738661915.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173741-00112-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941356 | 164 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Being at the forefront of new production processes can be a challenging endeavour if you’re not ready to break the mould. In this article, we will be exploring how 5×10 CNC Routers are making manufacturing more efficient and enhancing the process in many industries.
What is a 5×10 CNC router?
A 5×10 CNC router is a machine that has a slicing capacity of 5×10 inches. It can be used in the manufacturing process to create parts or products from a variety of materials, including wood, aluminium, and plastic.
It is typically used in the manufacturing of furniture, car components, and prosthetic devices. They are also popular in the aerospace industry because they can be used to create aluminium parts and components.
It’s Growing in popularity due to its versatility and ability to improve the quality of products. They are perfect for use in small businesses or organizations that want to improve their manufacturing process.
For Manufacturing Process
It is essential for manufacturing processes because it can help to speed up the process and make it more efficient. There are a number of different types of CNC routers, each with its own unique advantages. Some are able to move very small parts quickly and accurately, allowing for more accurate and faster production.
Others are ideal for cutting large pieces out of metal or other materials.
Overall, CNC routers are an essential tool in the manufacturing process. They can help to speed up the process and make it more efficient. CNC machining greatly improves the safety of workers in the manufacturing industry.
A CNC router is a machine that helps to create intricate and precise parts, often used in manufacturing. By combining a computer and a series of motors, the CNC router can produce highly detailed parts.
The benefits of using a CNC router are clear. First, it can create parts quickly and efficiently. Second, it is very versatile – it can be used to create parts in a number of different shapes and sizes. Finally, it can be used to create complex designs that would otherwise be difficult or impossible to produce using other methods.
Overall, a CNC is an extremely powerful machine that can help to improve the manufacturing process. It is worth considering if you want to enhance your workflow or design capabilities
CNC router is an ideal machine for enhancing the manufacturing process. It has many benefits that make it an important tool in the arsenal of any industrialist.
One of the main advantages is its versatility. It can be used to create a variety of objects, from small parts to large components. This makes it a powerful tool for Manufacturing and engineering organizations.
It also has strong cutting capabilities. Its accuracy and precision make it ideal for cutting intricate pieces and delicate objects. Easy to operate. This means that even inexperienced users can take advantage of its features and benefits.
If you are looking for a powerful and versatile machine that can improve your manufacturing process, it is the perfect option for you!
|
<urn:uuid:0435d041-d275-4a59-8e37-b74681837ff5>
|
CC-MAIN-2023-23
|
https://pick-kart.com/how-cnc-routers-enhance-the-manufacturing-process/amp/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224644817.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20230529074001-20230529104001-00338.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946787 | 606 | 2.796875 | 3 |
The Pink Floyd pistol shrimp was discovered by a team of scientists from Seattle University, the Oxford University Museum of Natural History and Brazil's Universidade Federal de Goiás.
Its rock 'n' roll name was inspired by the research team's love of Pink Floyd's music.
When pistol shrimps close their enlarged claws "at rapid speed," the motion creates an implosion "which results in one of the loudest sounds in the ocean," the scientists said.
The sound can stun -- or even kill -- a small fish.
"I have been listening to Floyd since 'The Wall' was released in 1979, when I was 14 years old," said Sammy De Grave, head researcher at the Oxford University museum.
"The description of this new species of pistol shrimp was the perfect opportunity to finally give a nod to my favorite band."
Arthur Anker, the report's lead author, said he often plays Pink Floyd in the background while he's working. "Now the band and my work have been happily combined in the scientific literature."
Scientists have been inspired by the band in the past. In 2015, a species of damselfly was named after Floyd's fourth album "Ummagumma."
The Pink Floyd pistol shrimp was found in Las Perlas Islands, on Panama's Pacific coast. In their study, the authors said the crustacean is "likely more widespread in the tropical eastern Pacific," but added that because of the inhospitable habitat, it's unlikely they'd be found "on the Dark Side of the Moon."
|
<urn:uuid:1bd224fe-3696-4a92-8b1c-9328d92f207d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://edition.cnn.com/2017/04/13/us/pink-floyd-shrimp-trnd/index.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549426234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170726162158-20170726182158-00022.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969011 | 318 | 3.046875 | 3 |
In English, you can show what you feel about a situation by using words such as may, will, would, might, can and could.
These words can change the meaning of a sentence and show that something is possible, necessary, uncertain, or intended.
"For example, "I'll go shopping tomorrow" shows that you intend to go tomorrow.
"I might go shopping tomorrow" shows that perhaps you will go tomorrow, but you don't know for sure.
When you use these words, remember:
* They are followed by the verb without to.
* You don't need an 's' for the third person singular: "He might come to the party." (Not "he mights come to the party".)
* You can make a question by putting the word before the person, not by using 'do' or 'have': "Could you help me?" (Not "do you could help me?")
* You can make a negative form by adding a form of not to the word:
can becomes can't
will becomes won't
might becomes might not (or mightn't)
may becomes may not
could becomes couldn't.
How possible something is
"The company might relocate next year."
"We may have to wait an hour for dinner in this restaurant."
"It can get very cold here in winter."
"We could all live to be 100 years old in theory."
How certain something is
"She'll get promoted next year."
"He won't agree to that idea."
"You must be our new neighbour."
"If you left now, you would get the train."
Offers and requests
"Shall I open the door for you?"
"I'll cook dinner, if you like."
"Could you help me?"
"Can you pass me the salt, please?"
"Can I open the window, please?"
"You may now look at your exam papers." (This is formal.)
"I can cook, but I can't drive."
"I couldn't speak French very well when I was at school."
Using should, must and need
These words help you to talk about rules, obligation and advice.
We use should to give advice.
"If you want to learn English, you should practise as much as possible."
We can also use should to talk about what we expect to happen.
"He should be here by now – he left over an hour ago."
The negative of should is shouldn't.
"You shouldn't eat so much chocolate – it's bad for you."
We use must to talk about obligation.
"I must call my grandmother today – it's her birthday."
If you want to say the opposite – that there is no obligation to do something, use don't have to or don't need to.
"You don't have to wash the car – I'll do it."
"You don't need to put the rubbish out – I've already done it."
We can also use must to talk about what we think is logically certain.
"You must be tired after all that travelling."
If you want to say that something is logically impossible, use can't.
"Who's that at the door? It can't be the postman – he's already been."
Mustn't means that it is not allowed to do something.
"You mustn't feed animals in the zoo – it's not allowed."
Should have done
Look at this example dialogue:
"You know… my car was broken into yesterday."
"How terrible. What did you do?"
"You should have called the police."
We use the pattern should have done to talk about what we think would have been the best thing to do. However, the past event we are talking about cannot be changed. So the pattern after should is have done – not should do.
In the example dialogue, the person didn't contact the police yesterday (in the past), so you can't change the situation. You can only say what action would have been the best in this situation.
SEE ALSO: If Sentences In English
When you use this construction, be careful not to say should had done.
|
<urn:uuid:26e5405e-f7e1-4fa4-8809-0ab230491cb2>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-17
|
http://englishtrain-inter.blogspot.com/2012/01/may-might-will-shall-would-can-should.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945037.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180421051736-20180421071736-00435.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979255 | 884 | 3.546875 | 4 |
The energy industry is one of the largest in the U.S., and is central to the operation of the economy. Currently it is undergoing rapid and possibly dramatic changes. Those changes and the factors driving them are the subject of this course.
The course starts with an analysis of the factors driving changes in energy markets – the rise in oil prices, geopolitical and energy security concerns, and climate change and the need to decarbonize the economy. This introductory section will also review the regulatory framework of the energy industry.
The next section of the course will focus on specific energy types and their economic and commercial characteristics. These will include solar thermal, solar PV, biofuels of various types, geothermal, wind, tidal, nuclear and then the use of energy in transportation (hybrid vehicles, hydrogen vehicles, electric vehicles). For each of these energy types we will talk about its general characteristics and then profile a company developing this energy type.
Finally we will talk about the financing of new energy ventures.
|
<urn:uuid:eb91c725-5acc-46a8-9119-27efebb2da27>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-18
|
http://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/courses/mba/2013/fall/b8219-001
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246637364.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045717-00251-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.928645 | 202 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Autism Signs May Appear in First Months of Life
Before babies can crawl or walk, they explore the world around them by looking at it. This is a natural and necessary part of infant development, and it sets the stage for future brain growth. By using eye-tracking technology, scientists were able to measure the way infants look at and respond to different social cues. This new research suggests that babies who are reluctant to look into people’s eyes may be showing early signs of autism.
The researchers at Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine followed babies from birth until age 3, and discovered that infants later diagnosed with autism showed declining attention to the eyes of other people, from the age of 2 months onwards.
The study broke up the infants into two groups, one at low risk for having autism spectrum disorders and one at high risk. High-risk infants had an older sibling already diagnosed with autism, which increased the infant’s risk of also having the condition. Low-risk infants, on the other hand, had no relatives with autism.
Once the children turned 3, teams of clinicians assessed the children and confirmed their diagnostic outcomes. Then the researchers analyzed data from the infants’ first months to identify what factors separated those who received an autism diagnosis from those who did not.
What they found was, in infants later diagnosed with autism there was a steady decline in attention to other people’s eyes. This decline in eye fixation occurred from 2 until 24 months of age. These are the earliest signs of autism ever observed. These results also have the potential to significantly effect future strategies of early intervention.
However, the researchers caution that what they observed in their study would not be visible to the naked eye, and it is not something that parents would be able to see on their own. Instead, it requires specialized technology and repeated measurements of a child’s development over the course of months.
Infants-Marcus Autism Center
BBC News-Autism signs ‘present in first months’ of life
|
<urn:uuid:16db5014-9bc5-409f-a1b2-815405664753>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-17
|
http://sites.bu.edu/ombs/2013/11/21/autism-signs-may-appear-in-first-months-of-life/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125945660.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20180422212935-20180422232935-00050.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968979 | 423 | 3.578125 | 4 |
What is Spinal Decompression?
Non-Surgical Spinal Decompression is a non-invasive treatment for patients who suffer from neck and back problems. A decompression treatment slowly and gently lengthens or releases pressure in the spine through repetitive movements by a customized treatment table. The table pulls and releases, creating a pressure change within the invertebral disc, surrounding soft tissue, and joints.
Rehydration of the disc and surrounding structures creates a physiological change which assists the body’s natural healing process. Patients typically experience significant improvement within 20-25 treatments. Research suggests that continued improvement is seen up to four years following decompression treatment program. This pressure change allows the disc bulges or herniations and nutrients to be pulled back into the disc.
to Consider this Treatment
- Bulging or herniated discs
- Degenerative disc disease
- Facet syndrome
- Failed back surgery
- Ongoing lower back or neck pain that is not responding to traditional spinal treatment by a M.D., D.O., D.C. or P.T.
How Does Spinal Decompression Work?
Spinal Decompression Therapy treats Neck and Back Pain related to Degenerative Disc Disease, Disc Herniations or Bulges, as well as Sciatic Pain. If you have been diagnosed with sciatica, a bulging disc or chronic back or neck pain, spinal decompression therapy can help. This revolutionary therapy is different from traditional medical treatments that rely on medication to “cover up” pain. Decompression therapy is a drug-free, non-invasive alternative to back surgery and prescription painkillers.
A Formula for Relief
Through the logarithmic stretch and release protocols of the decompression procedure, negative pressure is created in the disc over time. This vacuum effect draws any herniated disc material back into the disc.
When Negative is Positive
By reversing the effects of axial load or compression in the spine, increased circulation occurs which aids in the healing process.
When a herniated or bulging disc slips out of alignment, it may compress nearby nerves. This compression can block the nerves from properly sending and receiving messages from the central nervous system and brain, leading to chronic pain. As long as this compression continues, patients will suffer pain. Spinal decompression therapy creates space between the different vertebrae, providing room for the herniated or bulging disc to return to its proper space in the spine. This relieves pressure on the nerves.
The First Step Back to Wellness
At Stanlick Chiropractic, our Murfreesboro chiropractor is committed to helping each patient live an active, pain-free life. If you suffer from back or neck pain, then spinal decompression therapy is the first step back to wellness. Rather than masking your pain, this treatment works by addressing the underlying causes.
During a decompression therapy treatment, the patient is securely strapped onto a table lying down. A computerized program controls the table, moving it at precise intervals to gently create space in the spine. Many patients experience significant relief after only one treatment. A series of 20-24 treatments over several weeks typically produces the best long-term results. Every patient is different, however, so we will tailor the treatment to your individual needs. You may benefit from additional sessions or only need a few to start feeling healthy again.
Spinal decompression therapy is an effective treatment for spinal stenosis, sciatica, and bulging and herniated discs. If you are struggling with chronic pain from failed back surgery, this treatment can also help. We frequently incorporate spinal decompression therapy into injury rehabilitation treatments for car accident injuries, such as whiplash, and sports injuries. Depending on your pain management and injury rehabilitation needs, we may also combine spinal decompression treatments with corrective exercises, physical therapy and chiropractic care. Our goal is to support and accelerate the healing process while naturally relieving back and neck pain.
Murfreesboro sciatica, back and neck pain patients choose spinal decompression therapy because it is a long-term, effective solution that really works. By addressing the mechanical misalignment in your back, our chiropractor helps to correct the underlying cause for pain. If you are considering surgery to cope with your back pain, we urge you to try decompression therapy first. Professional athletes have used this treatment successfully for years to manage chronic pain due to back injuries. We are excited to now offer this life-changing treatment to our patients.
Most insurance plans are accepted at our office. These include Blue Cross Blue Shield, United Health Care, Cigna, Healthspring, and Medicare to name a few. We also accept auto accident and personal injury. Since there are so many plans and coverage varies widely, please call us and ask for our insurance specialist, Carolane to find out if your plan covers care in our office. Kristina will verify and explain your benefits before treatment, at no charge. More Details Here
Call us: (615) 420-2774
Don’t live with chronic back pain for the rest of your life.
Spinal Decompression can get you back on track to wellness.
|
<urn:uuid:a6af703c-ea4e-449c-a075-fe924ef0d940>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://stanlickchiropractic.com/chiropractic-services/spinal-decompression/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986666467.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20191016063833-20191016091333-00045.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920113 | 1,075 | 2.71875 | 3 |
(i) Population and Poverty: Poverty and population very often go hand in hand. In fact, poverty is both the cause and the effect of rapid growth of population. The mass poverty of our country is due to the rapid growth of population. It is estimated that about 26% [1999-2000] of the people of India still live below the poverty line.
They are ill fed, ill clothed and ill housed. Thus, mass poverty is due to rapid growth of population. (ii) Unemployment and Under Employment: Not only new born individuals are to be fed and sheltered but they are also to be provided with jobs. New jobs are to be created for new hands.
It is not easy to create jobs. There is already unemployment coupled with under employment. Every year more than 5 million people who attain the working age join the group of job seekers. Job opportunities that are created during the course of the Five Year Plans are not enough to meet the demand.
For instance, the number of the unemployed increased from 12 million at the end of the Third Plan to 16 millions at the end of the Fourth Plan, and to 21 millions at the end of the Fifth Plan. The percentage of the people who did not get employed as per 1991 census was 42.3%. As per the figures for 2003, about 41.39 million individuals were waiting [for jobs] in the live registers of 945 employment exchanges scattered over the whole nation. [Bhagavati Committee estimate]. As per the estimates of the 8th and 9th Plan, there would be 106 million job- seekers in India by 2000 A.D.
(iii) Low Per Capita Income: During the past 50 years of planning, the national income of the country has increased by about 3.6% per annum. But the per capita income has increased only by 1.5% per annum. This low per capita income of the people in India is attributed to the rapid growth of population. (iv) Shortage of Food: The rapidly growing population in India has led to the problem of shortage of food supply.-In spite of the fact that more than two-third of its population engaged in agriculture, people do not get even minimum necessary amount of food.
Even though we have attained self-sufficiency in food production, due to improper distribution, all the people do not get sufficient food to sustain their health. As a result one out of every four is suffering from malnutrition and two out of every four get only half of the daily required quantum of energising food. (v) Increased Burden of Social Overheads: When there is rapid growth of population in the country, the government is required to provide the minimum facilities for the people for their comfortable living. Hence it has to increase educational, housing, sanitation, public health, medical, transportation, communication and other facilities. This will increase the cost of the social overheads. Government finds it difficult to find sufficient funds to meet these “unproductive expenses.” (vi) Population and Labour Efficiency: Since an increase in population reduces per capita income, the standard of living of the people deteriorates. This affects very badly the health and efficiency of the workers.
The physical and the mental efficiency of the workers naturally come down. Labour inefficiency reduces productivity and the nation at large loses very heavily. (vii) Population and the Standard of Living: The standard of living denotes the way in which people live. It reflects the quantity and the quality of the consumption of the people.
Due to the rapid growth of population standard of living of the people has been adversely affected. (viii) Population and Pressure on Land: Overpopulation inevitably leads to heavy pressure on land. Since land is limited and fixed in supply, an increase in population can only bring more pressure on it. Hence the new born people will have to share the land with the existing people. With the exception of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, in all the other states heavy density of the population is to be found. Further, per head availability of the land for cultivation in the 1911 was 1.1 acres, and this has declined to 0.3 acres in 1992.
On the contrary, the average size of the agricultural land that each person could get is 2.59 acres in Russia, and 2.68 acres in America. (ix) Increased Unproductive Consumers: When there is a rapid growth of population in a country like India, there will be large proportion of unproductive consumers.
In fact, today about 51 % of the total population of India is unproductive. Rapid increase in the population contributes to an increase in the dependency ratio. (x) Slow Economic Development: Economic development is bound to be slower in a country in which the population is growing at a very fast rate. Absence of savings results in low capital formation.
The shortage of capital has restricted investments and contributed to the slow economic growth of the country. (xi) Political Unrest: Unmanageable population size may contribute to political instability and unrest. The failure of the government to provide the basic minimum facilities to the people contributes to agitation and unrest among the masses. It is true that India is gripped by the problem of over-population. It has shaken the stability, integrity and the security of the nation. The progress that has been made is being eaten up by the growing population. A careful study of the adverse effects of population leads us to realise the need to control it.
We cannot destroy or remove our large population so as to bring it down to the optimum level. We can only control it. “If population is not checked our progress would be like writing on sand with waves of population growth washing away what we have written.”
|
<urn:uuid:1961c179-6924-4c1d-a833-d8a3ca78555a>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-40
|
https://gemmarketingsolutions.com/essay-on-effects-of-over-population/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402127397.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20200930172714-20200930202714-00191.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954885 | 1,165 | 3.109375 | 3 |
|Reflective Professionals (Agents of Change) proactively establish positive relationships with and among their students. They create safe and caring learning environments and present to them relevant and meaningful curricula. Reflective Professionals (Agents of Change) encourage and model behaviors supportive of the democratic society of which their students are a part. And as necessary, they employ appropriate techniques to respond to student behaviors.
Classroom management involves all those actions by a teacher which affect student learning and behavior. The faculty of the School of Education at IU Northwest believes that effective classroom management is achieved through proactive means (Glasser, 1997, 1998). Reflective Professionals (Agents of Change) can maximize student involvement and minimize student disruption. Purkey and Novak (1996) emphasized that effective classrooms are inviting classrooms, where teachers intentionally invite the active participation of their students in the learning process. That is, the teachers exhibit behavior which invites students to belong and to learn. Harmin (1994, p.2) encouraged all teachers to “aim for a fully inspirational classroom.” He envisioned an effective classroom as one in which students are treated with dignity, where students are involved, and that they are self-managing and self-motivated.
Henderson (1992) proposed that the first characteristic of reflective teaching is the ethic of caring. He noted that caring teachers try to understand their students—both the students as individuals as well as; answers to their questions. The faculty in the SOE believes this is important for all students, especially students with disabilities (Wigle & DeMoulin, 1999). Borich (1992) proposed that motivation is the first step in preventing behavior problems in the classroom. The faculty, therefore, model and encourage their preservice teachers to motivate students by designing lessons which are age- and developmentally-appropriate, as well as meaningful and relevant to their students (Wigle & Manges, 1995)
The IU Northwest faculty subscribe to the belief postulated by Dewey (1916) that the school is the place where children are prepared for citizenship. They carry out that belief by modeling and encouraging the use of classroom methodologies that promote active and cooperative learning, meaningful activities, and mutual feelings of dignity and respect.
Recognizing that for various reasons classroom disruptions do occur, the faculty realizes that teachers must be prepared to effectively deal with misbehavior and must do so with as little additional disruption as possible. Curwin and Mendler (1988) claim that classroom rules are important, but they are often overemphasized. They proposed that rules based upon principles and enforcement that included consequences were far more important to the achievement of long-term behavior change. The IU Northwest faculty encourages their preservice teachers to create classroom environments and procedures that minimize disruption, but then to respond to disruptions as they occur with prescribed consequences and suggestions for improvement (Eggen & Kauchak, 2001; Evertson, Emmer, Clements & Worsham, 2000).
- This conceptual theme is most aligned with INTASC Principle 5: The teacher uses an understanding of individual and group motivation and behavior to create a learning environment that encourages positive social interaction, active engagement in learning and self-motivation. It also parallels Principle 7 that focuses on the knowledge of subject matter, students, the community, and curriculum goals.
|
<urn:uuid:e8b78c09-6681-4994-b7dd-9327eab69625>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-30
|
http://www.iun.edu/education/initial-programs/kb-classroom-management.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257823802.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071023-00036-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.960254 | 681 | 3.328125 | 3 |
KDAJ? četrtek 12. in petek 13. oktobra 2017
KJE? Muzej novejše zgodovine Slovenije, Celovška cesta 23, Ljubljana
From Victory to Defeat, from Defeat to Victory: The Austro-Italian Front from Caporetto to Vittorio Veneto
By the summer of 1917 the fighting on the Austro-Italian Front had been going on for two years. At first sight, the Italians were largely unsuccessful in their endeavours as the Austrian forces could prevent a large-scale breakthrough. However, the position of the Austrian army was increasingly precarious as it was threatened by the Italian advance along the Lower Isonzo and the exhaustion that was a consequence of a gruelling war on three fronts.
Therefore, the Germans finally decided to help their ally on the Italian Front. On October 24, 1917, the two Central Powers started an offensive, centred on the front sector between Bovec (Flitsch, Plezzo) and Tolmin (Tolmein, Tolmino). The offensive was a resounding success; Austrian and Germans troops advanced as far as the Piave River, capturing more than a quarter of a million Italian soldiers as well as large quantities of arms, ammunition, and other materiel. However, they were unable to knock Italy out of the war; the Piave line held and the Italian army was reinforced by a sizable French and British contingents. Also, the Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna was forced to resign and the Italian Army reorganised.
In June 1918, The Austrians started another offensive on the Piave, hoping to finally achieve a decisive victory. Yet their poorly supplied army was not able to achieve a breakthrough and the offensive ended in a failure. As the situation in Austria-Hungary continued to deteriorate, the balance of power swung decisively and four months later, as Austria-Hungary was effectively falling apart, the Italian Army launched a successful offensive that culminated in the final defeat of the Austro-Hungarian Army in the Battle of Vittorio Veneto.
Although the year 1917 did not prove to be the decisive year on the Italian Front, the breakthrough had an important impact on the development of the war in 1918. Our conference – the third in a series of conferences on the Austro-Italian Front during WWI – thus aims to bring together new research on the developments on both sides of the front in the period from the Battle of Caporetto to the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, in a contextual frame of a victory and/or defeat. We are interested in new research on military developments, reorganisation of the armed forces, the functioning of military and/or political alliances, the fates of civilians in occupied Italian territories or displaced inside the Kingdom, the Austrian administration of occupied Italian provinces and the return of Austrian refugees, propaganda, the peace movements and proposals, as well as other aspects of the final year of the Great War on the Austro-Italian Front. All of this should provide us with a better understanding of the development from victory to defeat and from defeat to victory.
The conference language is English.
Abstracts no longer than 300 words together with a short biography should be sent to: ljubljana.conference@outlo
Accommodation and meals during the conference will be provided. Travel costs will not be covered.
The conference is organised by:
Department of History, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Arts
Milko Kos Historical Institute, Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Science and Research Centre, Koper
National Museum of Contemporary History, Ljubljana
UMR Sirice, Paris
LabEx EHNE, Paris
CREE, Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales, Paris
Istituto Storico Italo Germanico – FBK, Trento
Università di Padova
|
<urn:uuid:ad79a607-5bf0-4676-af98-968713bb548d>
|
CC-MAIN-2018-39
|
http://zgodovina.si/from-victory-to-defeat-from-defeat-to-victory/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160923.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925024239-20180925044639-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954354 | 832 | 3.125 | 3 |
Smoking has become an epidemic, and the effects that it has globally are seen, scrutinized, and analyzed annually by experts from various fields. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has come up with an estimate of more than 480,000 thousand deaths taking place every year from firsthand and secondhand smoke, estimates that take into consideration both genders. As the CDC states on its website, “Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States”.
Such a strong statement does ask for actions to be taken in order to curb this large number of deaths. Both governmental and non-governmental organizations have focused more and more of their public campaigns on calling awareness to the dangers of smoking. Ads for cigarettes have been pulled from cinemas, from TV stations and each pack does come with printed warnings on it specifying the health risks that are linked with smoking tobacco. Smoking is linked with coronary heart disease, many forms of cancer at the level of the human body, respiratory infections and event perinatal conditions such as sudden infant death syndrome. Despite all of these prevention tactics, the number of smokers globally did not decrease based on expectations as low as it was needed.
The next step in trying to deter people from smoking is to try and offer long-term addicts options to aid them in the process of quitting. The most significant issue that individuals have is that they are addicted to nicotine, to various extents. In order for their recovery process to be successful, nicotine replacement therapy has been a medically-approved way to use over the counter medication to give the body nicotine, the addictive substance, yet eliminate the inhalation of dangerous chemicals and carcinogens through smoking. Some of the most common NRT products that have gained popularity over the years are nicotine patches and nicotine flavored gums. The nicotine found inside them allows the body to deal with withdrawal symptoms that may cause drowsiness, headaches and even irritability.
The reason why every doctor will recommend that his or her patient start to use NRT products as an aid for smoking withdrawal symptoms is because they are FDA regulated.This means that they are safe to use and that they contain no harmful substances for the body. The problem with e-cigarettes is that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration does not currently approve of them. Not only this but not a lot of research studies have been published in order to document the short term, and the long term effects that are using e-cigarettes have over the body. Users that opt for e-cigarettes are therefore responsible for their actions in the sense that the lack of regulation implies that some of the current health effects that they will feel as consistent users or as past users of e-cigarettes are not advised, at least from a medical standpoint.
What e-cigarettes do differently than regular cigarettes is that they disperse a cloud of smoke by heating a solution called e-liquid. This solution contains considerably fewer chemicals than regular tobacco in combustible cigarettes. The liquid solution, based on the manufacturer that sells it, can have nicotine in it or not, and the strength level of the nicotine also varies. Flavors are often added in order to give the smoke an appealing taste and smell.
What e-cigarettes do when used as an alternative NRT product is give the user the same habitual experience that smoking offers while eliminating the carbon monoxide, the tar and other carcinogens found in regular smoke. This is not to say that vape smoke does not carry some of the same chemicals found in tobacco smoke. However, a recent study has shown that e-cigarettes contain significantly smaller levels of these chemicals, meaning that they are considerably safer to use.
However, another issue that has been addressed when it comes to the safety of tank systems being used as smoke cessations aids is the fact that e-liquids are not regulated at all. Research points to the fact that some e-liquids may contain traces of nickel, lead and chromium, which when inhaled can lead to lung health problems. Regulating these liquids would ensure that these products will be tested in order to eliminate or ban those containing traces of the before mentioned heavy metals, but until that is done some risk remains.
Despite some of the health concerns that we have explained, there have been documented results that e-cigarettes work in helping nicotine addicts curb the habit and get rid of their addiction. The NHS in the UK has stated that 2 out of 3 individuals that used e-cigarettes combined with their services were able to quit successfully.
Such promising results are also supported by a small clinical trial which looked to see if e-cigarettes were better than nicotine patches for smokers that wanted to quit. The results were in favor of e-cigarette use, which goes to show that there are documented results of vape products as working NRT products.
That being said, some studies do show that e-cigarettes work when used as a form of smoking cessation. The reason these products might work better than FDA regulated alternatives could be linked to the fact that tank systems mimic the same actions that individuals do when they would smoke combustible cigarettes, which would then activate the repetitive muscle memory of taking your e-cig up to your lips, inhaling the vape smoke, exhaling and repeating. Trying to curb the force of habit by lessening its effects could be one of the biggest reasons why people who managed to quit smoking state that e-cigarettes helped them in achieving their goals.
In the end, each individual has a different experience when trying to quit smoking. For some, e-cigarettes can be the best solution to minimize the dangerous chemicals that enter their bodies while also making use of muscle memory and the pleasure of puffing smoke. Others may find that vaping only helps support old habits and keeps them away from going cold turkey the right way. The difference in opinions surrounding e-cigarette success is a reflection of individual preference.
|
<urn:uuid:b71366b9-ba30-47cf-a262-0a86e4a61f2b>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-22
|
https://www.smoketastic.com/e-cigs-on-smoking-reduction/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232257243.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20190523103802-20190523125802-00116.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970967 | 1,189 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Global warming or climate change is the rising of the earth’s average temperature day by day caused by the presence of different gases along with carbon dioxide at high levels in the earth’s atmosphere.
Thinking about the preindustrial times, it’s hard to swallow life without cars, planes and home appliances, not forgetting computers. But doesn’t it feel that life back then was way safer and more secure then it is now? There weren’t as many hurricanes and tsunamis and people weren’t as exposed to the hazardous gases in the environment like we are. The earth is badly heating up and this needs to stop because the effects this heat is likely to have on us are terribly beyond our imagination.
The Greenhouse Effect
Before discussing global warming, we need to understand what greenhouse effect is. The ozone layer of the sun is badly affected by the emission of industrial pollutants and gases which are causing holes to the layer. The solar radiations in turn escape the ozone layer and fall on the earth surface, after which they’re bounced back and get trapped in the atmosphere in the form of heat. The fumes and smoke emitted by the industrial process are the main driving force for the release of carbon dioxide, methane, ozone and nitrous oxide. These gases are collectively referred to as the greenhouse gases. The gases, mainly carbon dioxide and methane trap the heat very close to the earth surface, which in turn results in warming it up. This phenomenon is known as the greenhouse effect which is responsible for global warming.
Impact on the world
Since 1880s, records for global warming have been maintained marking the rise in temperature every decade and there’s no halt in the temperature increase till date. The temperature is calculated to have risen up to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, impacting the overall environmental conditions. As the result of global warming, sea ice and glaciers everywhere, including Arctic, Atlantic and Antarctic oceans are melting causing the overall sea level to rise up to seven inches (176 millimeters).
Sources of greenhouse gases
The greenhouse gases haven’t resulted only from industrialization but deforestation also thrusts the release of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide release is anthropogenic which means driven by humans, because when trees are cut, tons of CO2 are released on annual basis. Methane is emitted by the consumption of natural gas, landfills and mining. About 60% of methane in the atmosphere results from the human activity.
Besides, it’s predicted that in summers there won’t be any traces of ice in the Arctic region in the next 30 years. The dry areas of the globe will get drier and hotter causing non-preventable droughts and extreme weather conditions. There will be disruption in oceans too because the water will trap the excessive carbon dioxide as oceans are natural carbon sinks. This is actually a good thing for the atmosphere but a deathtrap for marine life.
Preventive Measures to Control Global Warming
The Paris Agreement is a recent initiative that promises controlling the global warming and its impact on the earth. About 159 nations have signed and ratified the Agreement. As per the agreed points under this covenant, the States will aim and try their level best for decreasing the world temperature rise down to 2 degrees Celsius, along with the regulated emissions of the gas house gases by harnessing technologically advanced machinery in industries to curtail the effects of global warming.
Key Facts and Statistics
- The present century has the highest temperatures recorded ever in the world history.
- The chances of the occurrences of typhoons, drought, hurricanes, changes in the general habitat and wildfires are increased global warming and which in turn will affect food and water’s availability.
- Rapid melting of Glaciers and Sea Ice are occurring throughout the world.
- According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, climate change can play the role of “threat multiplier” in the world’s different parts, engaged in long-term conflict.
- Global warming caused the fastest rate of the sea level’s rising in 2000 years.
- Global warming may lead to a rise in sickness and diseases like asthma, diarrhea, malaria and the like.
|
<urn:uuid:ae10b90b-c37d-4193-a19c-9676c763ef18>
|
CC-MAIN-2020-45
|
https://www.basic-concept.com/c/a-very-basic-idea-of-global-warming-and-its-prevention
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107866404.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20201019203523-20201019233523-00353.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.922383 | 860 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: gastrinoma
What is a gastrinoma/what is Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
Gastrinoma is a type of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, which is a rare endocrine tumor that occurs sporadically as well as part of inherited familial endocrine syndromes such as Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type-1 (MEN-1). Gastrinomas occur in approximately 10 per million of the population. Gastrinoma is often associated with increased stomach acid as part of the Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome (ZES). ZES is a condition where increased production and release of stomach acid is associated with the formation of ulcers. This is an uncommon cause of stomach and duodenal ulcers (peptic ulcers) as most are actually caused by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Most peptic ulcer disease caused by H. pylori can be treated effectively with acid reducing medications and antibiotics. ZES can be distinguished from the common cause of peptic ulcer disease in most cases, namely the presence of multiple or atypical ulcers. Atypical or multiple ulcers strongly suggest the diagnosis of ZES and therefore a gastrinoma, however in 18% to 25% of patients no ulcers are present at the time of diagnosis.
|
<urn:uuid:634af644-6c47-4e70-96de-e9feea4e1a2a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://endocrinediseases.org/neuroendocrine/gastrinoma.shtml
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280850.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947169 | 283 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Poliomyelitis - also called polio and infantile paralysis - is an acute communicable disease caused by the poliovirus. Most patients present with minor illness (fever, malaise, headache, sore throat, and vomiting), but a few develop aseptic meningitis and paralytic illness.
In the United States, only 5 to 10 cases of the disease are reported annually. These cases are associated with the use of oral poliovirus vaccine, with infants frequently developing signs and symptoms after the first dose of the vaccine. Most of the other cases develop in individuals who haven't received vaccines and are in close contact with infected individuals.
Polio is caused by a picornavirus. This is one of a group of viruses known as the enteroviruses, because they inhabit the intestine. These viruses are passed out in the stools in large numbers for up to six weeks after the start of the illness.
The front pole cells of the spinal cord are concerned with the nerves to the voluntary muscles (motor nerves), and it is these cells that are affected, causing paralysis that may be extensive. Myelitis means inflammation of the spinal cord. This is why the full name of the disease is anterior poliomyelitis.
Symptoms and Signs
Isolation of the poliovirus from throat washings early in the disease and from stools throughout the disease confirms the diagnosis. If the patient has a central nervous system infection, cerebrospinal fluid cultures may aid diagnosis. Coxsackievirus and echovirus infections must be ruled out. Convalescent serum antibody titers four times greater than acute titers support a diagnosis of poliomyelitis.
Poliomyelitis calls for supportive treatment, including analgesics to ease headache, back pain, and leg spasms. Morphine is contraindicated because of the danger of additional respiratory depression. Moist heat applications also may reduce muscle spasm and pain.
Bed rest is necessary until extreme discomfort subsides. It also helps prevent increased paralysis. Patients with paralytic polio may be bedridden for a long time and then require long-term rehabilitation using physical therapy, braces, and corrective shoes. Orthopedic surgery also may be necessary.
Bladder involvement may require catheterization, and respiratory muscle involvement may require mechanical ventilation. Postural drainage and suction may be sufficient to manage pooling of secretions in patients with nonparalytic polio.
Polio immunization (vaccine) effectively prevents poliomyelitis in most people.
© Doctor-clinic.org. All rights reserved.
Bookmark This Page:
|
<urn:uuid:4267493f-e893-46f6-bab6-82b2888b39b1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-30
|
http://www.doctor-clinic.org/infection/poliomyelitis.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424846.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724102308-20170724122308-00501.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917348 | 544 | 3.796875 | 4 |
After the shamrock and some other simple motifs, the crown is next. Here you will learn how to draw a crown that is both beautiful and simple in just a few steps. You will also learn how to easily customize the symbol of power to your ideas to draw any crown of your choice.
Step-by-step instructions: Learn how to draw a crown
Step 1: Draw ellipses
Draw three flat ellipses on top of each other.
Make sure that you draw the lines without much pressure because we will erase some sections later when the rest of the crown is finished.
The exact height of each oval and the distances between them are entirely up to you.
Important: Do not worry if they do not look perfect right away. They should only add a little more depth to the crown later so that it looks more three-dimensional.
Step 2: Draw the spikes of the crown
Now start by drawing the spikes. The easiest way to do this is to place the pencil on the bottom ellipse, intersect the top two ellipses and then tilt the line a little bit outwards.
For a turreted crown with five jags, you then draw the outlines in four small V’s towards the center.
Make sure that the ends of the individual V’s do not touch. At their ends, we draw the adornments of the crown in the next step.
Step 3: How to draw a crown’s ornaments
Now it all depends on what kind of crown you want to draw. For the simple, stylized crown in this tutorial, we used round ornaments reminiscent of pearls.
However, religious symbolism, such as the cross, is also often used in crowns. Lily shapes or the Maltese cross are also seen on many crowns.
Step 4: Erase the excess lines
Do you remember that we wanted to erase the ellipses partially? More precisely, only the lower halves of the upper two ellipses are erased, since we don’t need them for the design.
Step 5: Shading the crown (optional)
Only a little bit of color is missing to make the crown really glow. Shading with a pencil is also possible. Whatever you choose, make sure that the shading indicates the curvature of the crown.
Bright spots on the ornaments will also make the crown look stronger and more authentic.
|
<urn:uuid:5e03e49a-c6b9-42e4-b01f-ce5201fa26da>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-04
|
https://paintingcreativity.com/how-to-draw-a-crown-cartoon/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703547475.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20210124075754-20210124105754-00295.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942276 | 503 | 3.265625 | 3 |
|prev word||definitions home||next word|
the court's recognition of facts that can be confirmed by consulting sources of unquestioned accuracy, thus removing the burden of producing evidence to prove these facts. A court can admit facts that are common knowledge to an average, well-informed citizen. EXAMPLE: Kristen claims that on the day of the accident the roads were very slick as a result of a torrential downpour. However, the victim of the accident brings in several weather maps and reports showing that for seven days prior to and including the day of the accident, there was not a single raindrop. A court can take judicial notice of the maps and reports. Source: Barron's Dictionary of Legal Terms, Steven H. Gifis, 5th Edition; © 2016
"Judicial notice is a means by which adjudicative facts not seriously open to dispute are established as true without the normal requirement of proof by evidence."
- Dippin' Dots v. Frosty Bites, 369 F.3d 1197 (11th Cir. 2004)
|
<urn:uuid:1eddea76-d23b-4244-b608-f9408866f513>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-49
|
https://textbookdiscrimination.com/Glossary/Dfntns/JudicialNotice
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710933.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20221203143925-20221203173925-00177.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951754 | 221 | 3.125 | 3 |
Lighting Dr. Vivian G. Baglien
Natural Light • First light source to consider. • Sunlight that enters the house through windows, doors, skylights, etc. • North or East—Cool, bluish cast • South or West—Warm, orange tones
Incandescent Light • Light bulb most people use. • Burns about 700-1000 hours. • Incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe makes light by heating a metal filament wire to a high temperature until it glows ...
Fluorescent Lighting • Lasts up to ten times longer than an incandescent bulb. • Use less electricity and produce no damaging heat. • Not as homey and comfortable.
Can save more than $40 in electricity costs over its lifetime Uses about 75% less energy than standard incandescent bulbs and lasts up to 10 times longer Produces about 75% less heat, so it's safer to operate and can cut energy costs associated with home cooling Compact Fluorescent Light
Halogen Lighting • Lamp is kept brighter than incandescent bulbs. • Light is more similar to that of sunlight. • Bulbs burn whiter than incandescent bulbs. • Electricity heats this filament up to about 4,500 degrees F (2,500 degrees Celsius). Just like any hot metal, the tungsten gets "white hot" at that heat and emits a great deal of visible light in a process called incandescence
Types of Lighting • General • Overall lighting. • Task • Lighting a small space to perform a specific task; reading, cooking, eating. • Accent/Decorative • Used to draw attention to specific areas or objects.
Lighting Fixtures—Can and Track Track: Track lighting is very flexible for many applications and interior styles and is a cost-efficient option Can: Recessed or "Can" Lighting affords a clean, streamlined look for your lighting by hiding all of the wiring and "guts" of the light in a recessed housing
Lighting for Safety & Security • Can you: • light your way as you go room to room? • switch lights on or off from each doorway? • turn on lights going and down steps? • light entrances as they are entered? • control garage, carport or parking lighting from the house? • control outside lighting from inside house or remotely?
References Winkler, S. (2003). Adapted and edited from Utah FCS http://www.uen.org/Lessonplan/preview.cgiLPid=5078 by Dr. Vivian G. Baglien, March 17, 2011.
|
<urn:uuid:15f8b728-aca5-46ab-918d-9bb1d58c5f8c>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-39
|
https://www.slideserve.com/vance-giles/lighting-powerpoint-ppt-presentation
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057424.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923135058-20210923165058-00234.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.887661 | 536 | 3.15625 | 3 |
By the National Alliance on Mental Illness
This year, the week of October 1st -7th was Mental Illness Awareness Week, a time to shine a light on mental illness and replace stigma with hope. Each year the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) works to fight stigma, provide support, educate the public and advocate for equal care.
One in five adults experiences a mental illness in any given year. These illnesses can contribute to the onset of more serious long-term conditions such as major depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Approximately one-half of chronic mental illness begins by the age of 14. Unfortunately, long delays-sometimes decades-often occur between the time symptoms first appear and when people get help.
It is critical to learn to recognize early symptoms of mental illness and talk with a doctor about any concerns. Early identification and treatment can make a big difference for successful management of a condition.
Mountain Family Health Centers integrates behavioral health care into medical care to facilitate those with mental illness in getting help. Please let your provider know if you are experiencing symptoms of mental illness so you can be screened, diagnosed and if needed, seen by a behavioral health specialist at the same clinic where you receive your medical care, or call 970.945.2840 or visit www.mountainfamily.org.
NAMI is a national organization with a local Roaring Fork chapter. In addition to providing education and advocacy for mental health, NAMI also offers free local education classes and support groups. Call their HelpLine (800-950-NAMI ) or visit www.nami.org. #IntoMentalHealth #StigmaFree
For example, major depression is a mood disorder that is more serious than “feeling blue” or temporary sadness. Be alert to any combination of the following symptoms:
- Depressed mood (sadness)
- Poor concentration
- Disturbance of appetite
- Feelings of guilt
- Thoughts of suicide
Bipolar disorder involves cycles of both depression and mania. It is different from normal “ups and downs” that many people experience. It involves dramatic shifts in mood, energy and ability to think clearly. Symptoms are not the same in everyone; some people may experience intense “highs,” while others primarily experience depression. Mania involves combinations of the following symptoms:
- Surges of energy
- Reduced need for sleep
- Extreme irritability
- Increased risk-taking behavior
Schizophrenia is a different type of mental illness but can include features of mood disorders. It affects a person’s ability to think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions and relate to other people. Untreated, it also may include psychosis—a loss of contact with reality. Symptoms include:
- Difficulty with memory
- Difficulty in organizing thoughts
- Lack of content in speech
- Emotional flatness
- Inability to start or follow through with activities
- Inability to experience pleasure
Other types of mental illness include attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders (including post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD) and borderline personality disorder. Mental Illness Awareness Week is a time to learn about them all.
Anyone who experiences symptoms of mental illness should see a doctor to discuss and be checked for possibly related physical conditions. The next step might be referral to mental health specialist. Many treatment options exist. Call Mountain Family at 970-945-2840 or visit www.mountainfamily.org.
|
<urn:uuid:f2040bab-d80d-4f03-8ab8-a75013d3c5e4>
|
CC-MAIN-2019-43
|
https://www.mountainfamily.org/take-the-pledge-learn-about-mental-illness/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570987803441.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20191022053647-20191022081147-00455.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.928612 | 720 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Diet and Depression
We seem pretty clear on the idea that diet can prevent certain diseases, like heart disease and diabetes. Diet can also effect the brain. It can influence mood and cognition. A diet that is high in refined carbohydrates, for example, can create insulin insensitivity. Insulin insensitivity can make a person prone to mood swings or depression.
There have been a number of studies that have looked at the relationship between diet and mental health. A study appearing in the Archives of General Psychiatry (2009; 66(10): 1090-8) found that diet can affect the incidence of depression. The study followed the dietary habits of 10,094 subjects for 4.4 years. During the course of the study, 480 were diagnosed with depression. According to the study, the subjects adhering to the Mediterranean diet had a lower incidence of depression. The Mediterranean diet consists of high consumption of fruits, vegetables and nuts. It also recommends a high amount of monounsaturated oil (olive oil), and low saturated fat consumption, along with low amounts of high-fat meat and dairy, and high amounts of fish and legumes.
Various vitamin deficiencies can lead to depression. A number of studies show the value of omega-3 fatty acids for patients with depression. One such study was published in the British Journal of Psychiatry (2006; 188: 46-50 ). It was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 75 individuals with bipolar depression, adjunctive treatment with ethyl-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was found to be well-tolerated and effective in reducing symptoms of depression. In Acta Psychiatry Scandinavia (2006; 113(1): 31-5 ) , a study demonstrated that omega-3 supplementation helped with post-partum depression. Another study, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry (2006; 163(6): 1098-100 ), found that omega-3 supplementation was beneficial to children suffering with depression.
|
<urn:uuid:d6e98b9c-fd78-40a6-b38a-ed2ec631c35c>
|
CC-MAIN-2021-39
|
https://www.drstuartrubin.net/anxiety/diet-and-depression
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780058415.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20210927090448-20210927120448-00578.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939173 | 410 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Limiting foods to an extreme leads to malnutrition and unhealthy weight loss. As malnutrition sets in, the brain and metabolism change which in turn limits the appetite, how you assimilate food and eventually your ability to think clearly or make rational decisions. People with anorexia will look in the mirror and see a fat person even when everyone else tells them they are too thin. It takes an enormous toll on a person’s body and has the highest death rate of any mental illness.
Between 5 and 20 percent of people with this disease eventually die from it.
This is a complex disorder without a known specific cause. It may be a mixture of factors including personality traits, social factors and family history.
It usually starts early in life in the teen years and is much more common in females than males. Early treatment is of utmost importance because the longer the problem goes on untreated the harder it is to beat this devastating illness.
One of the first problems physically is an adverse effect on the bones since this usually starts as an adolescent when development of bone mass occurs.
The lack of dietary intake cannot sustain the growth demands at this age. Low body weight, thinning hair, dry skin, constipation and loss of menstrual cycle are a few adverse symptoms.
The most major consequence of this disease is the loss of muscle mass due to lack of sufficient protein intake. Unfortunately the body doesn’t differentiate where it derives the muscle mass it uses to survive and will use heart muscle as well. This results in the heart getting weaker and smaller. The heart then becomes less effective in the circulation of blood in response to activity and the pulse and blood pressure get lower. It can eventually end in heart damage severe enough to cause death.
Anorexia affects the body and mind. People with this disorder become so engrossed with weight loss that their thoughts are geared primarily about food, dieting and weight most of their time.
A combination of certain personality traits such as low self-esteem in conjunction with a need for perfectionism can be a part of this problem.
People with anorexia are more likely to have a family history of eating disorders or mood disorders such as anxiety or depression. Some teens may use this extreme measure to cope with different stressors in the teen years. Stressful life events, such as moving to a new town, divorce of parents or the death of a loved one might trigger this disorder.
People with anorexia need help from medical health professionals, mental health professionals and a dietician.
A hospital stay may be necessary at times for those who have developed serious medical conditions.
The goal of treatment is to restore a healthy weight and healthy eating habits.
Tommy Eddy is a mental health professional at Saint Mary’s Regional Medical Center.
|
<urn:uuid:0ec25f4f-e573-4e02-84d7-3854da30ac5c>
|
CC-MAIN-2015-18
|
http://couriernews.com/view/full_story/22912507/article-Mental-health--Anorexia-s-many-effects?instance=top_news
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246643088.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045723-00177-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953408 | 565 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.