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100 027
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7.2.1.3.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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There are only two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (table 8) can be completed. Firstly the value for frequency error (from a straightforward calculation of recorded frequency minus the nominal frequency) and secondly, the value of the expanded uncertainty for the test. This should be calculated in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.1.3 and the resulting value entered in the overall results sheet (table 8).
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7.2.1.3.4 Log book entries
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Table 7: Log book results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Temperature:...........................°°°°C Humidity: .............. % Frequency:.................MHz Manufacturer of EUT: ............. Type No: ............... Serial No: ................... Range length:....................... Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Antenna factor/gain Test antenna N/A Test antenna attenuator N/A Test antenna cable N/A Digital voltmeter N/A N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A N/A Ferrite beads N/A N/A N/A Frequency counter N/A N/A Mounting configuration of EUT Reading on frequency counter: Hz
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7.2.1.3.5 Statement of results
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The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 8. Table 8: Overall results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency error Hz Expanded uncertainty (95 %) Hz
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7.2.1.4 Stripline
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The frequency error test is not normally carried out in a stripline test facility. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 56
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7.2.1.5 Test Fixture
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7.2.1.5.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited Free-Field Test Site; - Frequency counter. The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded in the log book results sheet (table 9).
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7.2.1.5.2 Method of measurement
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1 The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2 The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular EUT, on an accredited Free-Field Test Site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the magnitude of the frequency error should have been taken during the verification, each corresponding to a different configuration of the EUT, namely: a) the EUT by itself on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; b) the EUT secured in the Test Fixture, again on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; c) the frequency presented at the Test Fixture's RF connector with the Test Fixture/EUT assembly on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; d) the frequency presented at the Test Fixture's RF connector with the Test Fixture/EUT assembly in the climatic facility. 3 The EUT should still be secured in the Test Fixture and the Test Fixture/EUT assembly should be placed in the climatic facility in a repeatable position. This mounting configuration should be noted in the log book results sheet (table 9). 4 The assembly should be connected to the test equipment as shown in figure 34. 5 Normal conditions (as defined in the relevant standard) should exist within the climatic facility. 6 The EUT should be turned on without modulation, allowed adequate time to stabilize and the resolution of the frequency counter adjusted to read to the nearest Hz. 7 The value of the frequency displayed on the counter should be recorded in the log book results sheet (table 9). NOTE 1: In cases where the frequency does not appear stable, this step might require observations over a 30 second or 1 minute time period, noting the highest and lowest readings and estimating the average value. In these cases it is the average value that should be recorded in the log book results sheet (table 9). 8 The EUT and its power supplies should then be switched off and the climatic facility programmed to provide the upper extreme of temperature. 9 The climatic facility should be allowed adequate time at the extreme condition for all components to settle to the temperature required. Steps 6 and 7 should then be repeated. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 57 NOTE 2: For tests at extreme conditions, the relevant standard will specify the extreme temperatures and voltages to apply, along with stabilization and operating periods which should both be completed before any measurements are carried out. NOTE 3: To avoid thermally shocking the EUT, it is recommended that the rates of change of temperature should not exceed 1°C per minute. The preferred rate of change of temperature is 0,33°C per minute. Digital voltmeter Power supply Output Climatic facility EUT/Test Fixture Ferrite beads 10 dB attenuator Frequency counter assembly Figure 34: Set-up for Frequency error measurement using a Test Fixture 10 The supply voltage to the EUT should be set to the upper extreme as given in the relevant Standard. Steps 6 and 7 should then be repeated. 11 The supply voltage to the EUT should then be set to the lower extreme as given in the relevant Standard. Steps 6 and 7 should then be repeated. 12 The EUT and its power supplies should then be switched off and the climatic facility programmed to provide the lower extreme of temperature. 13 The climatic facility should be allowed adequate time at the extreme temperature condition for all components to settle to the temperature required. NOTE 4: For tests at extreme conditions, the relevant standard will specify the extreme temperatures and voltages to apply, along with stabilization and operating periods which should both be completed before any measurements are carried out. NOTE 5: To avoid thermally shocking the EUT, it is recommended that the rates of change of temperature should not exceed 1°C per minute. The preferred rate of change of temperature is 0,33°C per minute. 14 The supply voltage to the EUT should be set to the lower extreme as given in the relevant standard. Steps 6 and 7 should then be repeated. 15 The supply voltage to the EUT should then be set to the upper extreme as given in the relevant standard. Steps 6 and 7 should then be repeated. 16 On completion of the extreme conditions, the climatic facility should be returned to the normal condition.
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7.2.1.5.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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There are two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (table 3) can be completed. Firstly the value for frequency error (from a straightforward calculation of recorded frequency minus the nominal frequency) and secondly, the value of the expanded uncertainty for the test which should be calculated in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.1.5. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 58
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100 027
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7.2.1.5.4 Log book entries
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Table 9: Log book results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency: ................................MHz Free-field test site type: .......................... Manufacturer of EUT:............... Type number:........................................... Serial No: ........................ Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital voltmeter N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A Ferrite beads (for RF cables) N/A N/A Ferrite beads (for power cables) N/A N/A 10 dB attenuator RF cable to frequency counter input RF cable within climatic facility Climatic facility N/A N/A Accredited Free-Field Test Site N/A N/A Frequency counter N/A Mounting configuration in the climatic facility T (normal) T (high) T (low) V (normal) V (high) V (low) V (high) V (low) Reading on frequency counter Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz
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7.2.1.5.5 Statement of results
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The results are presented in tabular form as shown in table 10. Table 10: Overall results sheet FREQUENCY ERROR Date: PAGE 1 of 1 T (normal) T (high) T (low) V (normal) V (high) V (low) V (high) V (low) Frequency error Hz Hz Hz Hz Hz Expanded uncertainty (95 %) Hz
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7.2.2 Effective radiated power (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz)
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Definition The effective radiated power is the power radiated in the direction of the maximum field strength under specified conditions of measurement, in the absence of modulation. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 59
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7.2.2.1 Anechoic Chamber
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7.2.2.1.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuators; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Anechoic Chamber; - Test antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] recommended); - Substitution antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] recommended); - Receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser); - Signal generator. The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 12). NOTE: The half wavelength dipole antennas, incorporating matching/transforming baluns, for the procedure are available in the following bands: 20 MHz - 65 MHz, 65 MHz - 180 MHz, 180 MHz - 400 MHz, 400 MHz - 1 000 MHz. Constructional details are contained in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11]. In the recommended antenna scheme for this band, a shortened dipole is used at all frequencies from 30 MHz up to 80 MHz.
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7.2.2.1.2 Method of measurement
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1 The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2 The EUT should be mounted directly onto the turntable, whose surface is at the height specified in the relevant standard or, where not stated, at a convenient height within the "quiet zone" of the Anechoic Chamber. The EUT should be mounted in an orientation which matches that of its normal usage as stated by the manufacturer. The normal to the reference face of the EUT should point directly down the chamber towards the test antenna support. This is the 0° reference angle for the test. This orientation and mounting configuration should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 12). The items of test equipment should be set-up as shown in figure 35. NOTE 1: The turntable should be constructed from non-conducting, low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s). 3 In cases where the position of the phase centre of the EUT's antenna is known, the EUT should be positioned on the turntable such that this phase centre is as coincident with the axis of rotation of the turntable as possible and either on the central axis of the chamber or at a convenient height within the quiet zone. Alternatively, if the position of the phase centre is unknown, but the antenna is a single rod which is visible and vertical in normal usage, the axis of the antenna should lie on the axis of rotation whilst its base should be positioned on the chamber's central axis (or at a convenient height within the quiet zone). If the phase centre of the EUT is unknown and no antenna is visible, the volume centre of the EUT should be used instead. The offset from the central axis of the chosen phase centre datum, should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 12). ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 60 4 The test antenna (in the recommended scheme a tuned ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] half wavelength dipole for frequencies of 80 MHz and above, a shortened dipole for frequencies from 30 MHz up to 80 MHz) should be tuned to the appropriate frequency and oriented for vertical polarization. Its output should be connected to the receiving device via a 10 dB attenuator and the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with that end of the chamber. The height of the phase centre of the test antenna should be at the same offset (if any) from the central axis of the chamber as the phase centre/antenna base/volume centre of the EUT, so that the measurement axis is parallel to the central axis. NOTE 2: The measurement axis is the straight line between the phase centres of transmitting and receiving devices. NOTE 3: For all frequencies below 80 MHz, a shortened dipole (as defined in subclause 6.2.3) should be used. The dipole arm length is defined from the centre of the balun block to the tip of the arm. From a fully extended state, each telescopic element, in turn, should be "pushed in" from the tip until the required length is obtained. The outermost section should fully compress before any of the others, and so on. Table 2 gives the dipole arm lengths and choice of balun for set frequencies. Where the test frequency does not correspond to a set frequency in the table, the arm length to be used should be determined by linear interpolation between the closest set values. Range length 3 m or 10 m Turntable Test antenna EUT Central axis of chamber Quiet zone 10 dB attenuator Receiving device Digital voltmeter Power supply unit Radio absorbing material Figure 35: Anechoic Chamber set-up for the Effective radiated power measurement on the EUT 5 The EUT should be switched on without modulation, and the receiving device tuned to the appropriate frequency. 6 The EUT should be rotated through 360° in the horizontal plane until the maximum signal is detected on the receiving device. The angle with reference to the nominal orientation of the EUT and the maximum signal level (dBm) detected by the receiving device should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 12). 7 The EUT should be replaced on the turntable by the substitution antenna (identical to the test antenna), which has been adjusted to correspond to the frequency of the EUT. See figure 36. 8 The phase centre of the substitution antenna should lie directly over the axis of rotation of the turntable, whilst its height should be at the same offset from the central axis of the chamber as the phase centre of the test antenna, so that the measurement axis is again parallel to the central axis. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 61 9 The substitution antenna should be oriented for vertical polarization and connected via a 10 dB attenuator to a calibrated signal generator using the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with the turntable end of the chamber. Turntable Test antenna Substitution antenna Central axis of chamber Quiet zone 10 dB attenuator 10 dB attenuator Receiving device Radio absorbing material Signal generator Range length 3 m or 10 m Figure 36: Substitution antenna replacing the EUT 10 The signal generator should be tuned to the appropriate frequency and its output level adjusted until the level measured on the receiving device, is at least 20 dB above the level with the output from the signal generator switched off. 11 The substitution antenna should be rotated until the maximum level is detected on the receiving device. NOTE 4: This is to correct for possible misalignment of a directional beam i.e. dipoles used in horizontally polarized tests. This step can be omitted when dipoles are used in vertically polarized tests. 12 The output level of the signal generator should be adjusted until the level, measured on the receiving device, is identical to that recorded in step 6. This output signal level (dBm) from the signal generator should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 12). NOTE 5: In the event of insufficient range of signal generator output level, the receiving device input attenuation should be decreased to compensate. The signal generator output level (dBm) and the change in attenuation (dB) should both be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 12) in this case. 13 The EUT should be remounted on the turntable as stipulated in steps 2 and 3, the test antenna oriented for horizontal polarization and steps 4 to 12 repeated with the substitution antenna also oriented for horizontal polarization.
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7.2.2.1.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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There are two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (table 13) can be completed. These are the overall measurement correction and the expanded uncertainty values. Guidance for deriving the values of the correction factors is given in table 11. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 62 When the correction factors have been derived, they should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 12) as a result of which the overall correction can be calculated as follows: overall correction = substitution antenna cable loss + substitution antenna attenuator loss + substitution antenna balun loss + mutual coupling and mismatch loss (where applicable) - gain of substitution antenna NOTE: For frequencies greater than 180 MHz the mutual coupling and mismatch loss factor should be taken as 0,00 dB The resulting value for the overall correction factor should then be entered on page 2 of the log book result sheet (table 12). The effective radiated power can then be calculated: effective radiated power = signal generator output level - reduction in the input attenuation of receiving device (if any) + overall correction The only calculation that remains to be performed before the overall results sheet (table 13) can be completed is the determination of the expanded measurement uncertainty. This should be calculated in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.2.1. Table 11: Guidance for deriving correction factors Figures for correction factors: Substitution antenna cable loss: Obtained directly from the calibration data. Substitution antenna attenuator loss: Obtained from calibration data. Substitution antenna balun loss: If not known from calibration data, the value should be taken as 0,30 dB. Mutual coupling and mismatch loss factors between the test antenna and substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 180 MHz) values can be obtained from annex A: table A.19. For frequencies > 180 MHz, this value is 0,00 dB. For non-ANSI dipoles this value is 0,00 dB. Gain of substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) the value is 2,10 dBi. For other types, the value can be obtained from calibration data. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 63
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7.2.2.1.4 Log book entries
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Table 12: Log book results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:................................... °°°°C Humidity: ...........% Frequency: ................... MHz Manufacturer of EUT: ........................ Type No: ............ Serial No:...................... Bandwidth of Receiving Device: ..................Hz Range length:................................................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Antenna factor/gain Test antenna N/A Test antenna attenuator N/A Test antenna cable N/A Substitution antenna N/A Substitution antenna attenuator N/A Substitution antenna cable N/A Digital voltmeter N/A N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A N/A Receiver device N/A N/A Signal generator N/A N/A Ferrite beads N/A N/A N/A Mounting configuration of EUT ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 64 EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 2 of 2 Vertical Polarization Horizontal Polarization Offset of EUT's phase centre from the central axis Offset of EUT's phase centre from the central axis Maximum signal level on receiving device dBm Maximum signal level on receiving device (dBm) dBm Angle at which the maximum signal is received Angle at which the maximum signal is received Output level from signal generator into substitution antenna (dBm) dBm Output level from signal generator into substitution antenna (dBm) dBm Change in receiver attenuator dB Change in receiver attenuator dB Correction factors Substitution antenna cable loss(es) Substitution antenna cable loss(es) Substitution antenna attenuator loss Substitution antenna attenuator loss Substitution antenna balun loss Substitution antenna balun loss Mutual coupling and mismatch loss (30 MHz - 180 MHz) Mutual coupling and mismatch loss (30 MHz - 180 MHz) Gain of the substitution antenna Gain of the substitution antenna Overall measurement correction dB Overall measurement correction dB
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7.2.2.1.5 Statement of results
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The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 13. Table 13: Overall results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Vertical Polarization Horizontal Polarization Effective radiated power dBm Effective radiated power dBm Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB
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7.2.2.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane
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For Effective radiated power testing in an Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane, reference should be made to the Open Area Test Site test method (subclause 7.2.2.3), since the procedures are identical. The test equipment set-up for the EUT measurement is shown in figure 37 whilst the set-up for the substitution part of the test is shown in figure 38. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 65 Range length 3 m or 10 m Turntable Test antenna 1 - 4 m EUT 10 dB attenuator Receiving device Digital voltmeter Reflected path Direct path Ground plane Radio absorbing material Power supply unit Figure 37: Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane set-up for the Effective radiated power measurement on the EUT Range length 3 m or 10 m Substitution antenna Test antenna 1 - 4 m Receiving device 10 dB attenuator 10 dB attenuator Ground plane Signal generator Radio absorbing material Figure 38: Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane set-up for the Effective radiated power substitution measurement ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 66 To complete the overall results sheet for this test, the value for expanded measurement uncertainty should be calculated according to TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.2.2.
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100 027
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7.2.2.3 Open Area Test Site
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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7.2.2.3.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuators; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Open Area Test Site; - Test Antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] recommended); - Substitution antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] recommended); - Receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser); - Signal generator. The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 15). NOTE: The half wavelength dipole antennas, incorporating matching/transforming baluns, for the procedure are available in the following bands: 20 MHz - 65 MHz, 65 MHz - 180 MHz, 180 MHz - 400 MHz, 400 MHz - 1 000 MHz. Constructional details are contained in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11]. In the recommended antenna scheme for this band, a shortened dipole is used at all frequencies from 30 MHz up to 80 MHz.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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7.2.2.3.2 Method of measurement
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1 The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2 The EUT should be mounted directly onto the turntable, whose surface is at the height (above the ground plane) specified in the relevant Standard, in an orientation which matches that of its normal usage (as stated by the manufacturer). The normal to the reference face of the EUT should point directly down the test site towards the test antenna support. This is the 0° reference angle for the test. This orientation and mounting configuration should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 15). The items of test equipment should be set- up as shown in figure 39. NOTE 1: The turntable should be constructed from non-conducting, low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s). 3 In cases where the position of the phase centre of the EUT's antenna is known, the EUT should be positioned on the turntable such that this phase centre is as coincident with the axis of rotation as possible. Alternatively, if the position of the phase centre is unknown, but the antenna is a single rod which is visible and vertical in normal usage, the axis of the antenna should be used. If neither alternative is possible, the volume centre of the EUT should be used instead. 4 The height above the ground plane of the phase centre (if known) of the EUT should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 15). If the position of the phase centre is unknown, but the antenna is visible, then the height above the ground plane of the point at which the antenna meets the case of the EUT should be recorded. If neither alternative is possible, the volume centre of the EUT should be used instead. 5 The test antenna (in the recommended scheme a tuned ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] half wavelength dipole for frequencies of 80 MHz and above, a shortened dipole for frequencies from 30 MHz up to 80 MHz) should be ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 67 mounted on the antenna mast, tuned to the appropriate frequency and oriented for vertical polarization. Its output should be connected to the receiving device via a 10 dB attenuator and the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with that end of the test site. NOTE 2: For all frequencies below 80 MHz, a shortened dipole (as defined in subclause 6.2.3) should be used. The dipole arm length is defined from the centre of the balun block to the tip of the arm. From a fully extended state, each telescopic element, in turn, should be "pushed in" from the tip until the required length is obtained. The outermost section should fully compress before any of the others, and so on. Table 2 gives the dipole arm lengths and choice of balun for set frequencies. Where the test frequency does not correspond to a set frequency in the table, the arm length to be used should be determined by linear interpolation between the closest set values. Test antenna Turntable Power supply unit Digital voltmeter Receiving device EUT 10 dB attenuator 1 m to 4 m Reflected path Direct path Range length 3 m or 10 m Figure 39: Open Area Test Site set-up for Effective radiated power measurement on the EUT 6 The EUT should be switched on without modulation, and the receiving device tuned to the nominal frequency. 7 The test antenna should be raised and lowered through the specified range of heights (1 m - 4 m, ensuring that no part of the antenna is less than 0,25 m from the ground plane at any time) until the maximum signal level is detected on the receiving device. The height of the test antenna on the mast should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 15). NOTE 3: The true maximum may lie beyond the top of the mast, in which case the maximum receivable level should be at the top of the height range. 8 The EUT should be rotated through 360° in the horizontal plane until the maximum signal is detected on the receiving device. The angle with reference to the nominal orientation of the EUT and the maximum signal level (dBm) detected by the receiving device should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 15). 9 The EUT should be replaced on the turntable by the substitution antenna (identical to the test antenna), which has been adjusted to correspond to the frequency of the EUT. See figure 40. 10 The height of the phase centre of the substitution antenna should be located at the height recorded in step 3, whilst the phase centre should lie on the axis of rotation of the turntable. 11 The substitution antenna should be oriented for vertical polarization and connected via a 10 dB attenuator to a calibrated signal generator using the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with the turntable end of the test site. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 68 12 The signal generator should be tuned to the appropriate frequency and its output level adjusted until the level measured on the receiving device, is at least 20 dB above the level with the output from the signal generator switched off. 13 The test antenna should be raised and lowered through the specified range of heights until the maximum signal level is achieved on the receiving device. The height of the test antenna on the mast should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 15). NOTE 4: The true maximum may lie beyond the top of the mast, in which case the maximum received level should be at the top of the height range. 14 The substitution antenna should be rotated until the maximum level is detected on the receiving device. NOTE 5: This is to correct for possible misalignment of a directional beam i.e. dipoles used in horizontally polarized tests. This step can be omitted when dipoles are used in vertically polarized tests. 15 The output level of the signal generator should be adjusted until the level, measured on the receiving device, is identical to that recorded in step 8. This output signal level (dBm) from the signal generator should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 15). NOTE 6: In the event of insufficient range of signal generator output level, the receiving device input attenuation should be decreased to compensate. The signal generator output level (dBm) and the change in attenuation (dB) should both be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 15) in this case. Substitution antenna Turntable Test antenna Receiving device 10 dB attenuator 10 dB attenuator Signal generator Direct path 1 m to 4 m Range length 3 m or 10 m Reflected path Figure 40: Open Area Test Site set-up for the Effective radiated power substitution measurement 16 The EUT should be remounted on the turntable as stipulated in steps 2, 3 and 4, the test antenna oriented for horizontal polarization and steps 5 to 15 repeated with the substitution antenna also oriented for horizontal polarization.
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100 027
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7.2.2.3.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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There are two values that need to be derived before the overall results sheet (table 16) can be completed. These are the overall measurement correction and the expanded uncertainty values. Guidance for deriving the values of the correction factors is given in table 14. When the correction factors have been derived, they should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 15) as a result of which the overall correction can be calculated as follows: overall correction = substitution antenna cable loss ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 69 + substitution antenna attenuator loss + substitution antenna balun loss + mutual coupling and mismatch loss (where applicable) + correction for measurement distance + correction for off-boresight elevation angles - gain of substitution antenna NOTE: For frequencies greater than 180 MHz the mutual coupling mismatch loss factor should be taken as 0,00 dB. The resulting value for the overall correction factor should then be entered on page 2 of the log book result sheet (table 15). The effective radiated power can then be calculated: effective radiated power =signal generator output level - reduction in the input attenuation of receiving device (if any) + overall correction The only calculation that remains to be performed before the overall results sheet (table 16) can be completed is the determination of the expanded measurement uncertainty. This should be carried out in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.2.3 and the resulting value entered in the overall results sheet (table 16). Table 14: Guidance for deriving correction factors Figures for correction factors: Substitution antenna cable loss: Obtained directly from the calibration data. Substitution antenna attenuator loss: Obtained from calibration data. Substitution antenna balun loss: If not known from calibration data, the value should be taken as 0,30 dB. Mutual coupling and mismatch loss factors between the test antenna and substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 180 MHz) values can be obtained from annex A: table A.20. For frequencies > 180 MHz, this value is 0,00 dB. For non-ANSI dipoles this value is 0,00 dB. Measurement distance: for different heights of the test antenna. The correction is the difference between the values for the 2 heights (if different) in the 2 stages of the test. A value for each height should be taken from annex A: figure A.7. Value 1 (height for the measurement on the EUT).......................dB Value 2 (height for the substitution measurement).....................dB Correction value is: (value 2 - value 1) dB Off boresight angle in elevation plane (for vertically polarized case only): for different heights of the test antenna. The correction is the difference between the values for the 2 heights (if different) in the 2 stages of the test. A value for each height should be taken from annex A: figure A.8. Value 1 (height for the measurement on the EUT).......................dB Value 2 (height for the substitution measurement).....................dB Correction value is: (value 2 - value 1) dB NOTE: For horizontally polarized tests this is 0,00 dB. Gain of substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) the value is 2,10 dBi. For other types, the value can be obtained from calibration data. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 70
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7.2.2.3.4 Log book entries
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Table 15: Log book results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:..................................... °°°°C Humidity: ................ % Frequency: ................ MHz Manufacturer of EUT:....................... Type No: ................. Serial No:................... Bandwidth of Receiving Device:.................Hz Range length:................................................ Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Antenna factor/gain Test antenna N/A Test antenna attenuator N/A Test antenna cable N/A Substitution antenna N/A Substitution antenna attenuator N/A Substitution antenna cable N/A Digital voltmeter N/A N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A N/A Receiving device N/A N/A Signal generator N/A N/A Ferrite beads N/A N/A N/A Mounting configuration of EUT ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 71 EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 2 of 2 Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization Height of the phase centre, antenna attachment point or volume centre of the EUT Height of the phase centre, antenna attachment point or volume centre of the EUT Height of test antenna (EUT measurement) Height of test antenna (EUT measurement) Maximum signal level on receiving device dBm Maximum signal level on receiving device dBm Angle at which the maximum signal is received Angle at which the maximum signal is received Height of test antenna (substitution measurement) Height of test antenna (substitution measurement) Output level from signal generator into substitution antenna dBm Output level from signal generator into substitution antenna dBm Change in receiver attenuator dB Change in receiver attenuator dB Correction factors Substitution antenna cable loss Substitution antenna cable loss Substitution antenna attenuator loss Substitution antenna attenuator loss Substitution antenna balun loss Substitution antenna balun loss Mutual coupling and mismatch loss (30 MHz - 180 MHz) Mutual coupling and mismatch loss (30 MHz - 180 MHz) Measurement distance Measurement distance Off boresight in elevation plane Off boresight in elevation plane Gain of the substitution antenna Gain of the substitution antenna Overall measurement correction dB Overall measurement correction dB
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7.2.2.3.5 Statement of results
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The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 16. Table 16: Overall results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Vertical polarization Horizontal polarization Effective radiated power dBm Effective radiated power dBm Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB
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7.2.2.4 Stripline
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The effective radiated power test is not normally carried out in a stripline test facility.
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7.2.2.5 Test Fixture
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7.2.2.5.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited Free-Field Test Site; ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 72 - Receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser). The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded in the log book results sheet (table 17).
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7.2.2.5.2 Method of measurement
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1 The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2 The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited Free-Field Test Site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of effective radiated power should have been taken during the verification, each corresponding to a different configuration of the EUT, namely: a) the EUT by itself on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; b) the EUT secured in the Test Fixture, again on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; c) the power measured at the Test Fixture's RF connector with the Test Fixture/EUT assembly on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; d) the power measured at the Test Fixture's RF connector with the Test Fixture/EUT assembly in the climatic facility. The value recorded for configuration b) during the verification procedure should be entered in the log book results sheet (table 17). 3 The EUT should still be secured in the Test Fixture and the Test Fixture/EUT assembly should be placed in the climatic facility in a repeatable position. This position should be recorded in the log book results sheet (table 17). 4 The Test Fixture/EUT assembly should be connected to the test equipment as shown in figure 41. 5 Normal conditions (as defined in the relevant standard) should exist within the climatic facility. 6 The EUT should be switched on without modulation, allowed time to stabilize and the receiving device tuned to the appropriate frequency. 7 The signal level detected on the receiving device should be recorded (dBm) in the log book results sheet (table 17). 8 The EUT and its power supplies should then be switched off and the climatic facility programmed to provide the upper extreme of temperature. 9 The climatic facility should be allowed adequate time at the extreme temperature condition for all components to settle to the temperature required. NOTE 1: For tests at extreme conditions, the relevant standard will specify the extreme temperatures and voltages to apply, along with stabilization and operating periods which should both be completed before any measurements are carried out. NOTE 2: To avoid thermally shocking the EUT, it is recommended that the rates of change of temperature should not exceed 1°C per minute. The preferred rate of change of temperature is 0,33°C per minute. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 73 Digital voltmeter Power supply Output Climatic facility EUT/Test Fixture Ferrite beads Receiving device 10 dB attenuator assembly Figure 41: Set-up for Effective radiated power measurement using a Test Fixture 10 The EUT should be switched on and its supply voltage should be set to the upper extreme as given in the relevant standard. Step 7 should then be repeated. 11 The supply voltage to the EUT should then be set to the lower extreme as given in the relevant standard. Step 7 should then be repeated. 12 The EUT and its power supplies should then be switched off and the climatic facility programmed to provide the lower extreme of temperature. 13 The climatic facility should be allowed adequate time at the extreme temperature condition for all components to settle to the temperature required. NOTE 3: For tests at extreme conditions, the relevant standard will specify the extreme temperatures and voltages to apply, along with stabilization and operating periods which should both be completed before any measurements are carried out. NOTE 4: To avoid thermally shocking the EUT, it is recommended that the rates of change of temperature should not exceed 1°C per minute. The preferred rate of change of temperature is 0,33°C per minute. 14 The EUT should be switched on and its supply voltage should be set to the lower extreme as given in the relevant standard. Step 7 should then be repeated. 15 The supply voltage to the EUT should then be set to the upper extreme as given in the relevant standard. Step 7 should then be repeated. 16 On completion of the extreme conditions, the climatic facility should be returned to the normal condition.
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7.2.2.5.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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Because the measurement of effective radiated power in a Test Fixture is a relative measurement with all circuit components remaining present during all the tests, no corrections to measured values are required. However, a calculation does have to be performed within the overall results sheet (table 18) in order to relate the measured values of received signal level to the effective radiated power measurement on the accredited Free-Field Test Site. For each value of received signal level measured in this procedure, the effective radiated power is derived by adding to it the difference between the accredited Free-Field Test Site value and the received signal level in the climatic facility under normal conditions of both temperature and voltage i.e.: effective radiated power for T( ), V( ) = received signal level for T ( ), V( ) + effective radiated power on accredited Free-Field Test Site for T (n), V (n) - received signal level for T (normal), V (normal) ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 74 The final value that needs to be derived for inclusion in the overall results sheet (table 18) is the expanded measurement uncertainty. This should be calculated in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.2.5.
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7.2.2.5.4 Log book entries
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Table 17: Log book results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.................................. °°°°C Humidity: ................ % Frequency: ............................MHz Manufacturer of EUT: .................... Type No: ................. Serial No:............................... Bandwidth of Receiving Device: ...........Hz Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital voltmeter N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A Ferrite beads (for RF cables) N/A N/A Ferrite beads (for power cables) N/A N/A 10 dB attenuator RF cable to receiver input RF cable within climatic facility Climatic facility N/A N/A Accredited Free-Field Test Site N/A N/A Receiving device N/A Result of measurement on accredited Free-Field Test Site: Type of test site:................................................... Effective radiated power (dBm):............................ Mounting configuration of EUT Temperature/Voltage T(normal) T(high) T(low) V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Received signal level dBm
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7.2.2.5.5 Statement of results
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The results are presented in tabular form as shown in table 18. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 75 Table 18: Overall results sheet EFFECTIVE RADIATED POWER Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Temperature/Voltage T(normal) T(high) T(low) V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Effective radiated power dBm Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB
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7.2.3 Radiated spurious emissions (30 MHz to 4 GHz or 12,75 GHz)
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Definition Spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies other than those of the carrier and sidebands associated with normal modulation. The level of a spurious emission should be measured as either: • the effective radiated power of the cabinet and integral antenna together, in the case of EUTs not fitted with an external antenna connector; or • the effective radiated power of the cabinet and structure of the equipment combined (this is termed cabinet radiation) in the case of EUTs fitted with a external antenna connector.
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7.2.3.1 Anechoic Chamber
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7.2.3.1.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuators; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Anechoic Chamber; - Shielded chamber (Non-Anechoic); - Broadband test antenna (biconic, typically 30 MHz to 200 MHz, LPDAs, typically 200 MHz to 1 GHz and 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz or waveguide horns, typically 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz); - Substitution antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] recommended 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and waveguide horns for 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz); - Receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser); - Signal generator; - High "Q" notch filter and high pass filter - only for tests on equipment not fitted with a permanent antenna connector; - 50 Ωload - only for tests on EUTs fitted with a permanent antenna connector. This load should perform well throughout the entire frequency band (typically VSWR 1,25:1 up to 1 000 MHz, better than 2,0:1 for 1 GHz to 4 GHz or 12,75 GHz). It should be able to absorb the maximum carrier power at the nominal frequency of the EUT. The types and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 20). ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 76 NOTE: The half wavelength dipole antennas, incorporating matching/transforming baluns, for the procedure are available in the following bands: 20 MHz - 65 MHz, 65 MHz - 180 MHz, 180 MHz -400 MHz, 400 MHz - 1 000 MHz. Constructional details are contained in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11]. In the recommended antenna scheme for this band, a shortened dipole is used at all frequencies from 30 MHz up to 80 MHz.
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7.2.3.1.2 Method of measurement
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Characterization The process of characterization should take place within a shielded, reflecting enclosure where no absorbing material is present. C1 The EUT should be mounted on a non-conducting turntable of low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s) in a shielded enclosure. (i.e. no absorber). C2 The test equipment should be arranged as shown in figure 42. The protecting filter should only be used for EUTs which are not fitted with an external antenna connector or if the cabinet radiation is expected to be very high. For those which do have such a connector, the broadband 50 Ωload should be connected to the EUT and the filter becomes unnecessary. Turntable Broadband test antenna EUT Receiving device Protecting filter Digital voltmeter Power supply Load Figure 42: Elevation view of shielded chamber set up for the characterization tests C3 The EUT should be mounted in the position closest to normal use as declared by the manufacturer. This mounting configuration should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 20). C4 The broadband test antenna should be aligned for vertical polarization and spaced a convenient distance away from the EUT. NOTE 1: For the purposes of this characterization procedure, the range length does not have to meet the conditions for far-field testing given earlier. C5 The EUT should be switched on, without modulation, and the receiving device scanned through the appropriate frequency band, avoiding the carrier frequency and its adjacent channels. All frequencies producing a response on the receiving device should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). NOTE 2: The test antenna should be changed as necessary to ensure that the complete frequency range is covered. C6 The broadband test antenna should be aligned for horizontal polarization and step C5 repeated. NOTE 3: The only information provided by the characterization procedure is which frequencies should be measured in the Anechoic Chamber. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 77 Measurement NOTE 4: The following procedure steps involve, for every frequency identified in the characterization procedure, scanning for the peak of the spurious emission in both horizontal and vertical planes around the EUT. The amplitude peak in both planes is measured in both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Large EUTs, however, may possess highly directional spurious emissions particularly at high frequencies and, despite the two plane scanning, there remains for these cases, a small possibility that no spurious can be detected. 1 The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2 The EUT should be mounted directly onto the turntable, whose surface is at the height specified in the relevant standard or, where not stated, at a convenient height within the "quiet zone" of the Anechoic Chamber. The EUT should be mounted in an orientation which matches that of its normal usage as stated by the manufacturer. The normal to the reference face of the EUT should point directly down the chamber towards the test antenna support. This is the 0° reference angle for the test. This orientation and mounting configuration should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 20). The items of test equipment should be set-up as shown in figure 43. NOTE 5: The turntable should be constructed from non-conducting, low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s). 3 The EUT should be positioned such that its volume centre lies on the axis of rotation of the turntable and either on the central axis of the chamber or at a convenient height within the quiet zone. See figure 43. The offset from the central axis of the volume centre should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). 4 For EUTs fitted with an external antenna connector, the broadband 50 Ωload should be connected in place of the antenna. Turntable Test antenna EUT Central axis of chamber Quiet zone 10 dB attenuator Receiving device Digital voltmeter Power supply unit Radio absorbing material Range length 3 m or 10 m Figure 43: Anechoic Chamber set up for Spurious emissions testing on the EUT 5 The test antenna (biconic, LPDA or waveguide horn) should be oriented for vertical polarization. Its output should be connected to the receiving device via a 10 dB attenuator and the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with that end of the chamber, and a protective filter (only if the EUT does not possess an external antenna connector). The height of the phase centre of the test antenna should be at the same offset (as recorded in step 3) from the central axis of the chamber as the volume centre of the EUT, so that the measurement axis is parallel to the central axis. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 78 NOTE 6: The measurement axis is the straight line between the phase centres of transmitting and receiving devices. 6 The EUT should be switched on, without modulation, and the receiving device tuned to the first frequency recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). 7 The EUT should be rotated through 360º in the azimuth plane until the maximum signal level is observed on the receiving device. The corresponding received level (dBm1) and the angle of the turntable (angle1) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). 8 The polarization of the test antenna should be changed to horizontal and the received signal level (dBm2) again recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). If this value of signal level is more than 20 dB below that measured in step 7, the peak of this spurious, to be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20) as "Spurious level 1", is simply the level measured in step 7. Equally, if dBm2 exceeds dBm1 by more than 20 dB, "Spurious level 1" is simply dBm2. Alternatively, the spurious level should be calculated as: Spurious level dBm dBm = dBm 1 20 10 10 1 2 20 20 log + The resulting value should be entered in the log book results sheet as "Spurious level 1". 9 Retaining the test antenna polarization (horizontal), the EUT should be rotated about its volume centre to lie on its side as shown in figure 44. The EUT should again be rotated through 360º in the azimuth plane until the maximum signal level is observed on the receiving device. The corresponding received level (dBm3) and the angle of the turntable (angle2) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). Figure 44: Turning the EUT 10 The polarization of the test antenna should be changed to vertical and the received signal level (dBm4) again recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). If this value of signal level is more than 20 dB below that measured in step 9, the peak of this spurious, to be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20) as "Spurious level 2", is simply the level measured in step 9. Equally, if dBm4 exceeds dBm3 by more than 20 dB, "Spurious level 2" is simply dBm4. Alternatively, the spurious level should be calculated as: Spurious level dBm dBm = dBm 2 20 10 10 3 4 20 20 log + The resulting value should be entered in the log book results sheet as "Spurious level 2". Whichever value is the larger of "Spurious level 1" and "Spurious level 2" should be entered as "Overall spurious level" on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). 11 The EUT should be replaced on the turntable by the substitution antenna (a tuned half wavelength dipole which has been adjusted to correspond to the appropriate frequency or waveguide horn). See figure 45. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 79 NOTE 7: For all frequencies below 80 MHz, a shortened dipole (as defined in subclause 6.2.3) should be used. The dipole arm length is defined from the centre of the balun block to the tip of the arm. From a fully extended state, each telescopic element, in turn, should be "pushed in" from the tip until the required length is obtained. The outermost section should fully compress before any of the others, and so on. Table 2 gives the dipole arm lengths and choice of balun for set frequencies. Where the test frequency does not correspond to a set frequency in the table, the arm length to be used should be determined by linear interpolation between the closest set values. 12 The phase centre of the substitution antenna should lie directly over the axis of rotation of the turntable, whilst its height should be at the same offset (as recorded in step 3) from the central axis of the chamber, so that the measurement axis is again parallel to the central axis. NOTE 8: The phase centre of a dipole is in the centre of its two rods and for a waveguide horn it is in the centre of its open mouth. Turntable Test antenna Substitution antenna Central axis of chamber Quiet zone 10 dB attenuator 10 dB attenuator Receiving device Signal generator Radio absorbing material Range length 3 m or 10 m Figure 45: Substitution antenna replacing the EUT for spurious emission testing in an Anechoic Chamber 13 The substitution antenna should be oriented for vertical polarization and connected to a calibrated signal generator via a 10 dB attenuator and the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with that end of the chamber. 14 The signal generator should be tuned to the appropriate frequency and its output level adjusted until the level measured on the receiving device, is at least 20 dB above the level with the output from the signal generator switched off. 15 The substitution antenna should be rotated until the maximum level is detected on the receiving device. NOTE 9: This is to correct for possible misalignment of a directional beam (i.e. as produced by waveguide horns in all tests and by dipoles when used in horizontally polarized tests only). This step can be omitted for dipoles used in vertically polarized tests. 16 The output level of the signal generator should be adjusted until the level, measured on the receiving device, is identical to the "Overall spurious level" recorded in step 10. This output signal level should be recorded (dBm5) on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 80 NOTE 10:In the event of insufficient range of signal generator output level, the input attenuation to the receiving device should be decreased to compensate. The signal generator output level (dBm6) and the change in attenuation (dB, where a decrease is taken as +dB, an increase is taken as -dB) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). 17 Steps 2 to 16 should be repeated for all the other frequencies recorded in the log book results sheet (table 20), changing the antennas as necessary.
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7.2.3.1.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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There are several values that remain to be entered in the overall results sheet (table 21). These are the overall spurious emission levels (corrected for the systematic offsets involved in the measurement) and the expanded measurement uncertainty. Guidance for deriving the values of the correction factors is given in table 19. When the correction factors have been derived, they should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20). The overall correction for each spurious frequency can be calculated as follows: overall correction = substitution antenna cable loss + substitution antenna attenuator loss + substitution antenna balun loss + mutual coupling and mismatch loss (where applicable) - gain of substitution antenna NOTE: For frequencies greater than 180 MHz the mutual coupling and mismatch loss factor should be taken as 0,00 dB. The resulting values should be entered on page two of the results sheet (table 20) and the effective radiated power of each spurious emission calculated from: spurious ERP = signal generator output level - reduction in the input attenuation of receiving device (if any) + overall correction Each value of spurious emission effective radiated power should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 20) and in the overall results sheet (table 21). The final value to be entered in the overall results sheet (table 28) is that for the expanded uncertainty; this should be carried out as given in TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.3.1 and the resulting value entered in the overall results sheet (table 21). Table 19: Guidance for deriving correction factors Figures for correction factors: Substitution antenna cable loss: Obtained directly from the calibration data. Substitution antenna attenuator loss: Obtained from calibration data. Substitution antenna balun loss: For dipoles: if not known from calibration data, the value should be taken as 0,30 dB. For waveguide horns: taken as 0,00 dB. Mutual coupling and mismatch loss factors between the test antenna and substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 180 MHz) values can be obtained from annex A: table A.19. For frequencies > 180 MHz, this value is 0,00 dB. For non-ANSI dipoles and waveguide horns this value is 0,00 dB. Gain of substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) the value is 2,10 dBi. For other types of antennas (non-ANSI dipoles or waveguide horns), the value can be obtained from calibration data. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 81
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7.2.3.1.4 Log book entries
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Table 20: Log book results sheet SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.................................°°°°C Humidity: ................ % Frequency:......................... MHz Manufacturer of EUT: ................... Type No: ................. Serial No: ........................... Bandwidth of Receiving Device: ..................Hz Range length:................................................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Antenna factor/gain Broadband test antenna (typically 30 MHz to 200 MHz) N/A Broadband test antenna (typically 200 MHz to 1 GHz) N/A Broadband test antenna (typically 1 to 12,75 GHz) N/A Test antenna attenuator N/A Test antenna cable N/A Substitution antenna (typically ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) N/A Substitution antenna (typically waveguide horns 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz) N/A Substitution antenna attenuator N/A Substitution antenna cable N/A Digital voltmeter N/A N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A N/A Receiving device N/A N/A Signal generator N/A N/A Ferrite beads N/A N/A N/A High "Q" notch filter N/A High pass filter N/A Mounting configuration of EUT (Characterization) Mounting configuration of EUT (Measurement) ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 82 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 2 of 2 Offset of volume centre of the EUT from the central axis of the chamber:……………..m Frequency (MHz) dBm1 angle1 dBm2 Spurious level 1 (dBm) dBm3 angle2 dBm4 Spurious level 2 (dBm) Overall spurious level (dBm) Signal generator output level dBm5 (dBm) Change in attenuator level (dB) Spurious emission ERP (dBm) Correction factors Frequency (MHz) Substitution antenna cable loss Substitution antenna attenuator loss Substitution antenna balun loss Mutual coupling and mismatch loss (30 MHz - 180 MHz) Gain of the substitution antenna Overall measurement correction dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
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7.2.3.1.5 Statement of results
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The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 21. Table 21: Overall results sheet SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency (MHz) Spurious emission ERP (dBm) Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
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7.2.3.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane
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For Spurious emission testing in an Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane reference should be made to the Open Area Test Site test method (subclause 7.2.3.3), since the procedures are identical. The test equipment set-up for the EUT measurement is shown in figure 46 whilst the set-up for the substitution part of the test is shown in figure 47. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 83 Range length 3 m or 10 m Turntable Test antenna 1 to 4 m EUT 10 dB attenuator Receiving Digital Ground plane Reflected path Direct path Power supply unit Radio absorbing material device voltmeter Turntable Figure 46: Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane set-up for Spurious emission testing on the EUT ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 84 Range length 3 m or 10 m Substitution antenna Test antenna 1 - 4 m Receiving device 10 dB attenuator 10 dB attenuator Signal generator Ground plane Radio absorbing material Figure 47: Substitution antenna replacing the EUT for Spurious emission testing in an Anechoic chamber with a ground plane To complete the overall results sheet for this test, the value for expanded measurement uncertainty should be calculated according to TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.3.2.
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7.2.3.3 Open Area Test Site
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7.2.3.3.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB Attenuators; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Open Area Test Site; - Shielded chamber (Non-Anechoic); - Broadband test antenna (biconic, typically 30 MHz to 200 MHz, LPDAs, typically 200 MHz to 1 GHz and 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz or waveguide horns, typically 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz)); - Substitution antenna (half wavelength dipole as detailed in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] recommended 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz and waveguide horns 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz); - Receiving device (measuring receiver or spectrum analyser); - Signal generator; ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 85 - High "Q" notch filter and high pass filter - only for tests on EUTs not fitted with a permanent antenna connector; - 50 Ωload - only for tests on EUTs fitted with a permanent antenna connector. This load should perform well throughout the entire frequency band (typically VSWR 1,25:1 up to 1 000 MHz, better than 2,0:1 over 1 GHz to 4 GHz or 12,75 GHz). It should be able to absorb the maximum carrier power at the nominal frequency of the EUT. The types and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 23). NOTE: The half wavelength dipole antennas, incorporating matching/transforming baluns, for the procedure are available in the following bands: 20 MHz - 65 MHz, 65 MHz - 180 MHz, 180 MHz - 400 MHz, 400 MHz - 1 000 MHz. Constructional details are contained in ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11]. In the recommended antenna scheme for this band, a shortened dipole is used at all frequencies from 30 MHz up to 80 MHz.
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7.2.3.3.2 Method of measurement
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Characterization The process of characterization should take place within a shielded, reflecting enclosure where no absorbing material is present. C1 The EUT should be mounted on a non-conducting turntable of low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s) in a shielded enclosure. (i.e. no absorber). C2 The test equipment should be arranged as shown in figure 48. The protecting filter should only be used for EUT which are not fitted with an external antenna connector or if expected cabinet radiation is very high. For those which do have such a connector, the broadband 50 Ωload should be connected to the EUT and the filter becomes unnecessary. C3 The EUT should be mounted in the position closest to normal use as declared by the manufacturer. This mounting configuration should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 23). C4 The broadband test antenna should be aligned for vertical polarization and spaced a convenient distance away from the EUT. NOTE 1: For the purposes of this characterization procedure, the range length does not have to meet the conditions for far-field testing given earlier. Turntable Broadband test antenna EUT Receiving device Protecting filter Digital voltmeter Power supply Load Figure 48: Elevation view of shielded chamber set up for the characterization tests ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 86 C5 The EUT should be switched on, without modulation, and the receiving device scanned through the appropriate frequency band, avoiding the carrier frequency and its adjacent channels. All frequencies producing a response on the receiving device should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). NOTE 2: The test antenna should be changed as necessary to ensure that the complete frequency range is covered. C6 The broadband test antenna should be aligned for horizontal polarization and step C5 repeated. NOTE 3: The only information provided by the characterization procedure is which frequencies should be measured on the Open Area Test Site. Measurement NOTE 4: The following procedure steps involve, for every frequency identified in the Characterization procedure, scanning for the peak of the spurious emission in both horizontal and vertical planes around the EUT. The amplitude peak in both planes is measured in both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Large EUTs, however, may possess highly directional spurious emissions particularly at high frequencies and, despite the two plane scanning, there remains for these cases, a small possibility that no spurious can be detected. 1 The measurement should always be performed in the absence of modulation. 2 The EUT should be mounted directly onto the turntable whose mounting surface is at the height (above the ground plane) specified in the relevant Standard. The items of test equipment should be set-up as shown in figure 49. NOTE 5: The turntable should be constructed from non-conducting, low relative dielectric constant (preferably less than 1,5) material(s). 3 The EUT should be mounted in an orientation which matches that of its normal usage as declared by the manufacturer. The normal to the reference face of the EUT should point directly down the test site towards the antenna mast. This is the 0° reference angle for this test. This orientation and mounting configuration should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 23). 4 The volume centre of the EUT should be positioned on the turntable such that it lies on the axis of rotation of the turntable. 5 The height above the ground plane of the volume centre of the EUT should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). Test antenna Turntable Power supply unit Digital voltmeter Receiving device EUT 10 dB attenuator 1 m to 4 m Reflected path Range length 3 m or 10 m Direct path Figure 49: Open Area Test Site set-up for spurious emission testing on the EUT ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 87 6 For EUTs fitted with a permanent antenna connector, the broadband 50 Ωload should be connected in place of the antenna. 7 The test antenna (a biconic, LPDA or waveguide horn) should be mounted on the antenna mast and oriented for vertical polarization. Its output should be connected to the receiving device via a 10 dB attenuator and the calibrated, ferrited coaxial cable associated with that end of the test site, and a protective filter (if the EUT does not possess an external antenna connector). 8 The EUT should be switched on, without modulation, and the receiving device tuned to the first frequency recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). 9 The test antenna should be raised and lowered through the specified range of heights (1 m- 4 m, ensuring that no part of the antenna is less than 0,25 m from the ground plane at any time) until the maximum signal level is detected on the receiving device. NOTE 6: The true maximum may lie beyond the top of the mast, in which case the maximum receivable level should be at the top of the height range. 10 The EUT should be rotated through 360º in the azimuth plane until the maximum signal level is observed on the receiving device. The corresponding received level (dBm1), height of the test antenna on the mast (height1) and angle of the turntable (angle1) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). Retaining the same height of the test antenna on the mast and angle of turntable, the power to the EUT should be turned off and the value of the level of the noise floor (amb1) for the receiving device recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). 11 The polarization of the test antenna should be changed to horizontal, the antenna height on the mast readjusted for maximum signal and the resulting received signal level (dBm2) and the new height of the antenna on the mast (height2) recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). Again, by turning off the power to the EUT, a value for the level of the noise floor (amb2) for the receiving device should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results (table 23). 12 Retaining the test antenna polarization (horizontal), the EUT should be rotated about its volume centre to lie on its side as shown in figure 50. The height of the test antenna on the mast should be adjusted for maximum received signal level. Using the turntable, the EUT should then be rotated through 360º in the azimuth plane to locate the angle of at which the maximum received signal level is again found. This maximum received level (dBm3), the height of the test antenna on the mast (height3) and the angle of the turntable (angle2) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). Retaining the same height of the test antenna on the mast and angle of turntable, the power to the EUT should be turned off and the value of the level of the noise floor (amb3) for the receiving device recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). Figure 50: Turning the EUT 13 The polarization of the test antenna should be changed to vertical, the antenna height on the mast readjusted for maximum signal and the resulting received signal level (dBm4) and the new height of the antenna on the mast (height4) recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). Again, by turning off the power to the EUT, a value for the level of the noise floor (amb4) for the receiving device should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results (table 23). 14 The EUT should be replaced on the turntable by the substitution antenna (a tuned half wavelength dipole which has been adjusted to correspond to the appropriate frequency or waveguide horn). See figure 51. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 88 NOTE 7: For all frequencies below 80 MHz, a shortened dipole (as defined in subclause 6.2.3) should be used. The dipole arm length is defined from the centre of the balun block to the tip of the arm. From a fully extended state, each telescopic element, in turn, should be "pushed in" from the tip until the required length is obtained. The outermost section should fully compress before any of the others, and so on. Table 2 gives the dipole arm lengths and choice of balun for set frequencies. Where the test frequency does not correspond to a set frequency in the table, the arm length to be used should be determined by linear interpolation between the closest set values. Substitution antenna Turntable 1,5 m Test antenna Receiving device Signal generator Range length 3 m or 10 m 1 m to 4 m Reflected path Direct path Figure 51: Substitution antenna replacing the EUT for Spurious emissions testing on an Open Area Test Site 15 The phase centre of the substitution antenna should be located at the same height above the floor as noted in step 5 and should lie directly on the axis of rotation of the turntable. NOTE 8: The phase centre of a dipole is in the centre of its two rods. That for a waveguide horn is in the centre of its open mouth. 16 The substitution antenna should be oriented for vertical polarization and connected to a calibrated signal generator via a 10 dB attenuator and the calibrated, ferrited, coaxial cable associated with that end of the test site. 17 The signal generator should be tuned to the appropriate frequency and its output level adjusted until the level measured on the receiving device, is at least 20 dB above the level with the output from the signal generator switched off. 18 The test antenna should be raised and lowered through the specified range of heights until the maximum signal level is recorded on the receiving device. The height of the test antenna on the mast (height5) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). NOTE 9: The true maximum may lie beyond the top of the mast, in which case the maximum receivable level should be at the top of the height range. 19 The substitution antenna should be rotated until the maximum level is detected on the receiving device. NOTE 10:This is to correct for possible misalignment of a directional beam (i.e. as produced by waveguide horns in all tests and by dipoles when used in horizontally polarized tests only). This step can be omitted for dipoles used in vertically polarized tests. 20 The output level of the signal generator should be adjusted until the level, measured on the receiving device, is the same as the larger of dBm1 and dBm4. This output signal level (dBm5) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 89 NOTE 11:In the event of insufficient range of signal generator output level, the input attenuation to the receiving device should be decreased to compensate. The signal generator output level (dBm5) and the change in attenuation (dB1, where a decrease is taken as +dB, an increase is taken as -dB) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). 21 The test antenna and the substitution antenna should both be oriented for horizontal polarization and steps 17 to 20 repeated. This time, height6 is recorded in step 18 and dBm6 and dB2 recorded in step 20 after adjustment of the signal generator output level until the receiving device level is the larger of dBm2 and dBm3. 22 Steps 1 to 21 should be repeated for all the other frequencies recorded in the log book results sheet (table 23) changing the antennas as necessary.
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7.2.3.3.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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There are several values that remain to be entered in the overall results sheet (table 24). These are the overall spurious emission levels (corrected for the systematic offsets involved in the measurement) and the expanded measurement uncertainty. Initially, the overall correction factors for each of the two polarizations should be calculated. Then, all received signal levels (i.e. dBm1 to dBm4) should be corrected to convert them into effective radiated power figures, the corrections not only accounting for the systematic offsets (cable losses, attenuator loss, etc.) but also for the different measurement distances and off boresight elevation angles involved. All corrections should be made relating the measurement to the corresponding substitution measurement for that polarization. Table 22 lists all the correction factors involved in this procedure along with giving guidance on how their values can be obtained. It should be noted that some values differ depending on the polarization considered. Table 22: Guidance for deriving correction factors Figures for correction factors Substitution antenna cable loss: Obtained directly from the calibration data. Substitution antenna attenuator loss: Obtained from calibration data. Substitution antenna balun loss: For dipoles only, if not known from calibration this value should be taken as 0,3 dB. For waveguide horns the value is 0,00 dB. Mutual coupling mismatch loss correction factors between the test antenna and the substitution antenna: For ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 180 MHz) can be obtained from annex A, table A.20. For frequencies > 180 MHz, this value is 0,00 dB. For non-ANSI dipoles this value is 0,00 dB. Measurement distance: (only for different heights of the test antenna). The correction is the difference between the values for the 2 heights in the 2 stages of the test. A value for each height should be taken from annex A: figure A.7. Value 1 (height for the measurement on the EUT).......................dB Value 2 (height for the substitution measurement).....................dB Correction value is: (value 2 - value 1) dB Off boresight angle in elevation plane (for vertically polarized case only): (only for different heights of the test antenna). The correction is the difference between the values for the 2 heights in the 2 stages of the test. A value for each height should be taken from annex A: figure A.8. Value 1 (height for the measurement on the EUT).......................dB Value 2 (height for the substitution measurement).....................dB Correction value is: (value 2 - value 1) dB NOTE: For horizontally polarized tests this is 0,00 dB. Gain of substitution antenna: 2,10 dBi for ANSI dipoles (30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) for other types the value can be obtained from calibration data. Once derived, all the various corrections should be incorporated into the following formula for overall correction for both polarizations: overall correction = substitution antenna cable loss + substitution antenna attenuator loss + substitution antenna balun loss + mutual coupling and mismatch loss (where applicable) + correction for measurement range ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 90 + correction for off-boresight elevation angles - gain of substitution antenna - decrease in input attenuation to receiving device (if any) NOTE: For frequencies greater than 180 MHz the mutual coupling and mismatch loss factor should be taken as 0,00 dB. Both values of overall correction factor should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). All four received signal levels (dBm1 to dBm4) should then be corrected by the relevant overall correction factor (i.e. dBm1 and dBm4 with the vertically polarized correction factor, dBm2 and dBm3 with the horizontally polarized one) to reveal effective radiated power levels (erp1, erp2, erp3 and erp4 respectively) in dBm. These four new values should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). The final calculation is to combine the two polarization components of each of the two spurious in the following manner. - If the calculated effective radiated power value erp1 is more than 20 dB greater than erp2, then "Spurious level 1", is simply the value of erp1. Similarly, if erp2 exceeds erp1 by more than 20 dB, "Spurious level 1" is simply erp2. Alternatively, the spurious level should be calculated as: dBm 10 10 log 20 1 20 20 2 1 + = erp erp level Spurious - The resulting value should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet as "Spurious level 1". - If the calculated ERP value erp3 is more than 20 dB greater than erp4, then "Spurious level 2", is simply the value of erp3. Similarly, if erp4 exceeds erp3 by more than 20 dB, "Spurious level 2" is simply erp4. Alternatively, the spurious level should be calculated as: dBm 10 10 log 20 2 20 20 4 3 + = erp erp level Spurious - The resulting value should be entered on page 2 of the log book results sheet as "Spurious level 2". - Whichever value is the larger of "Spurious level 1" and "Spurious level 2" should be entered as "Overall spurious level" on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 23). The resulting value is the ERP of the Spurious emission and should entered as such in the overall results table (table 24). The final value to be entered in the overall results sheet (table 24) is that for the expanded uncertainty. This should be calculated in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.3.3. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 91
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7.2.3.3.4 Log book entries
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Table 23: Log book results sheet SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:........................... °°°°C Humidity:...........% Frequency:......................... MHz Manufacturer of EUT: ............. Type No:............ Serial No: ........................... Bandwidth of Receiving Device: ............Hz Range length:........................................... Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Antenna factor/gain Broadband test antenna (typically 30 MHz to 200 MHz) N/A Broadband test antenna (typically 200 MHz to 1 GHz) N/A Broadband test antenna (typically 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz) N/A Test antenna attenuator N/A Test antenna cable N/A Substitution antenna (typically ANSI C63.5 (1988) [11] 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz) N/A Substitution antenna (typically waveguide horns 1 GHz to 12,75 GHz) N/A Substitution antenna attenuator N/A Substitution antenna cable N/A Digital voltmeter N/A N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A N/A Receiving device N/A N/A Signal generator N/A N/A Ferrite beads N/A N/A N/A High "Q" notch filter N/A High pass filter N/A Mounting configuration of EUT (Characterization) Mounting configuration of EUT (Measurement) ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 92 SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 2 of 2 Height above the ground plane of the volume centre of the EUT ................m Frequency (MHz) dBm1 Height1 Angle1 amb1 dBm2 Height2 amb2 dBm3 Height3 Angle2 amb3 dBm4 Height4 amb4 Signal generator output level (dBm5) Change in attenuator level (dB1) Signal generator output level (dBm6) Change in attenuator level (dB2) Overall correction factor - Vertical polarization Overall correction factor - Horizontal polarization erp1 erp2 erp3 erp4 Spurious level 1 Spurious level 2 Overall Spurious level dBm Correction factors polarization Frequency (MHz) V H V H V H V H V H V H V H Substitution antenna cable loss Substitution antenna attenuator loss Substitution antenna balun loss Mutual coupling and mismatch loss (30 MHz - 180 MHz) Measurement distance Off-elevation boresight level Gain of the substitution antenna Overall measurement correction dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
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7.2.3.3.5 Statement of results
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The results should be presented in tabular form as shown in table 24. Table 24: Overall results sheet SPURIOUS EMISSIONS Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Frequency (MHz) Spurious emission ERP (dBm) Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB dB dB dB dB dB dB
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7.2.3.4 Stripline
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The spurious emission test is not normally carried out in a Stripline test facility. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 93
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7.2.3.5 Test Fixture
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The spurious emission test is not normally carried out in a Test Fixture.
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7.2.4 Adjacent channel power
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Definition The adjacent channel power is that part of the total power output of a transmitter under defined conditions of modulation, which falls within a specified passband centred on the nominal frequency of either of the adjacent channels. This power is the sum of the mean power produced by the modulation, hum and noise of the transmitter. It is specified either as the ratio expressed in decibels of the carrier power to the adjacent channel power or as an absolute value.
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7.2.4.1 Anechoic Chamber
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The adjacent channel power test is not normally carried out in an Anechoic Chamber.
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7.2.4.2 Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane
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The adjacent channel power test is not normally carried out in an Anechoic Chamber with a ground plane.
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7.2.4.3 Open Area Test Site
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The adjacent channel power test is not normally carried out in an Open Area Test Site.
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7.2.4.4 Stripline
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The adjacent channel power test is not normally carried out in a Stripline test facility.
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7.2.4.5 Test Fixture
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7.2.4.5.1 Apparatus required
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- Digital voltmeter; - Ferrite beads; - 10 dB attenuator; - Power supply; - Connecting cables; - Test Fixture; - Climatic facility; - Accredited Free-Field Test Site; - Power measuring receiver (as defined in ETR 027 [5]). Additional requirements for analogue speech: - AF source; - SINAD meter (incorporating telephone psophometric weighting network); - Acoustic coupler (alternatively: audio load). ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 94 Additional requirements for bit stream: - Bit stream generator; - Bit error measuring test set. Additional requirements for messages: - Acoustic coupler; - Message generator; - Response measuring test set. The type and serial numbers of all items of test equipment should be recorded on page 1 of the log book results sheet (table 26).
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7.2.4.5.2 Method of measurement
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NOTE 1: In the following test method, an adjacent channel power meter is assumed. For cases in which a spectrum analyser is used, appropriate changes to the method, results and calculations should be made. 1 The Test Fixture should have been verified for use, with the particular type of EUT, on an accredited Free-Field Test Site in accordance with clause 6. Four different measurements of the value of effective radiated power should have been taken during the verification, each corresponding to a different configuration of the EUT, namely: a) the EUT by itself on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; b) the EUT secured in the Test Fixture, again on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; c) the power measured at the Test Fixture's RF connector with the Test Fixture/EUT assembly on the accredited Free-Field Test Site; d) the power measured at the Test Fixture's RF connector with the Test Fixture/EUT assembly in the climatic facility. The value recorded for configuration b) during the verification procedure should be entered in the log book results sheet (table 26). 2 The EUT should still be secured in the Test Fixture and the Test Fixture/EUT assembly should be placed in the climatic facility in a repeatable position. This position should be noted in the log book results sheet (table 26). 3 The assembly should be connected to the test equipment as shown in figure 52. Digital voltmeter Power supply Output Climatic facility EUT/Test Fixture Ferrite beads 10 dB attenuator Modulation generator assembly Power measuring receiver Figure 52: Set-up for Adjacent channel power test using a Test Fixture ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 95 4 Normal conditions (as stated in the relevant standard) should exist within the climatic facility. 5 The EUT should be switched on without modulation, allowed time to stabilize and the power measuring receiver tuned so that the maximum response is obtained. The level of the response (dBm) and the setting of the input attenuator (dB) should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 26). 6 Retaining the unmodulated transmitter, the tuning of the power measuring receiver should be adjusted away from the carrier so that its -6 dB response nearest to the transmitter carrier frequency is located at a displacement from the nominal frequency of the carrier as given in table 25. Table 25: Frequency displacement Channel separation (kHz) Displacement (kHz) 12,5 8,25 20 13 25 17 NOTE 2: The same result may be obtained by tuning the power measuring receiver to the nominal frequency of the adjacent channel, if it has been suitably calibrated. 7 Modulation should be applied to the transmitter under test as follows, depending on whether the test is for analogue speech, bit stream or messages: For analogue speech: The transmitter should be modulated with a 1 250 Hz tone at a level which is 20 dB higher than that required to produce normal deviation. For bit stream: The transmitter should be modulated with the test modulation D-M2 at a deviation of 12 % of the channel spacing. For messages: The transmitter should be modulated with the test modulation D-M3 repeated continuously at a deviation of 12 % of the channel spacing. 8 The variable attenuator on the power measuring receiver should be adjusted until the same reading (or a known relation to it) as obtained in step 5 is observed. The signal level and the setting of the input attenuator should be recorded on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 26). 9 Steps 6, 7 and 8 should be repeated for the power measuring receiver tuned to the other side of the carrier frequency. 10 The transmitter under test and its power supplies should then be switched off and the climatic facility programmed to provide the upper extreme of temperature. 11 The climatic facility should be allowed adequate time at the extreme condition for all components to settle to the temperature required. NOTE 3: For tests at extreme conditions, the relevant standard will specify the extreme temperatures and voltages to apply, along with stabilization and operating periods which should both be completed before any measurements are carried out. NOTE 4: To avoid thermally shocking the EUT, it is recommended that the rates of change of temperature should not exceed 1°C per minute. The preferred rate of change of temperature is 0,33°C per minute. 12 The supply voltage to the EUT should be set to the upper extreme as given in the relevant standard. Steps 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 should then be repeated. 13 The supply voltage to the EUT should then be set to the lower extreme as given in the relevant standard. Steps 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 should then be repeated. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 96 14 The EUT/Test Fixture assembly power supplies should then be switched off and the climatic facility programmed to provide the lower extreme of temperature. 15 The climatic facility should be allowed adequate time at the extreme temperature condition for all components to settle to the temperature required. NOTE 5: For tests at extreme conditions, the relevant standard will specify the extreme temperatures and voltages to apply, along with stabilization and operating periods which should both be completed before any measurements are carried out. NOTE 6: To avoid thermally shocking the EUT, it is recommended that the rates of change of temperature should not exceed 1°C per minute. The preferred rate of change of temperature is 0,33°C per minute. 16 The supply voltage to the EUT should be set to the lower extreme as given in the relevant Standard. Steps 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 should then be repeated. 17 The supply voltage to the EUT should then be set to the upper extreme as given in the relevant Standard. Steps 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 should then be repeated. 18 On completion of the extreme conditions, the climatic facility should be returned to the normal condition.
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7.2.4.5.3 Procedure for completion of the results sheets
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At the end of the test method, the log book results sheet (table 26) will be complete apart from entries in the 15 "Overall level" cells. These are calculated by adding the received power level to the attenuator setting for the particular frequency of test. NOTE: The attenuator setting is always to be taken as positive (i.e. > 0) dB. The "Adjacent channel power" cells in the overall results sheet (table 10) can then be completed by subtracting the adjacent channel "Overall level" cells from the carrier frequency "Overall level" cells (for the same values of temperature and voltage) on page 2 of the log book results sheet (table 26). There are no correction factors involved in this test, since the adjacent channel power figures are derived from an entirely relative test in which all test components (i.e. cables, adapters, modulation source, attenuator, power measuring receiver, frequency, etc.) remain unchanged. Some test standards require that the adjacent channel power is given in absolute power terms. For these cases, the relative (i.e. dB) results for the adjacent channel power have to be referenced to the accredited Free-Field Test Site result for effective radiated power. The absolute values are derived by subtraction of the relative values from the accredited Free-Field Test Site value. The final value that needs to be calculated in order to complete the overall results sheet (table 27) is that of the expanded uncertainty for the test. This should be calculated in accordance with TR 100 028-2 [7], subclause 7.2.4.5. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 97
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7.2.4.5.4 Log book entries
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Table 26: Log book results sheet ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER TEST Date: PAGE 1 of 2 Temperature:.........°°°°C Humidity:...............% Frequency:.............MHz Bandwidth of Receiving Device:...................Hz Manufacturer of EUT:..................... Type No:.............. Serial No:.................. Test equipment item Type No. Serial No. VSWR Insertion loss Digital voltmeter N/A N/A Power supply N/A N/A Ferrite beads (for RF cables) N/A N/A Ferrite beads (for power cables) N/A N/A 10 dB attenuator Receiver cable RF cable within climatic facility Climatic facility N/A N/A Accredited Free-Field Test Site N/A N/A Power measuring receiver N/A AF source (if applicable) N/A N/A SINAD meter (if applicable) Audio load (if applicable) Bit stream generator (if applicable) N/A N/A Bit error measuring test set (if applicable) Acoustic coupler (if applicable) Message generator (if applicable) N/A N/A Response measuring test set (if applicable) Result of measurement on accredited Free-Field Test Site: Type of test site:................................................... Effective radiated power (dBm):............................ Mounting configuration of EUT ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 98 ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER TEST Date: PAGE 2 of 2 Frequency Temperature: T(normal) T(high) T(low) Voltage: V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Received signal level (dBm): Carrier Attenuator setting (dB): Overall level (i.e. received signal level + attenuator setting) dBm: Adjacent Received signal level (dBm): channel Attenuator setting (dB): (LOW) Overall level (i.e. received signal level + attenuator setting) dBm: Adjacent Received signal level (dBm): channel Attenuator setting (dB): (HIGH) Overall level (i.e. received signal level + attenuator setting) dBm:
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7.2.4.5.5 Statement of results
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The results are presented in tabular form as shown in table 27. Table 27: Overall results sheet ADJACENT CHANNEL POWER TEST Date: PAGE 1 of 1 Temperature: T(normal) T(high) T(low) Voltage: V(normal) V(high) V(low) V(high) V(low) Adjacent channel power (LOW): dB Adjacent channel power (HIGH): dB Expanded uncertainty (95 %) dB ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 99
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100 027
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8 Receiver measurements
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100 027
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8.1 Conducted tests
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For all measurements which are applicable to EUTs capable of reception of analogue speech, a psophometric weighting network followed by the SINAD meter (or a distortion factor meter incorporating a 1 000 Hz band-stop filter) should be connected to the receiver output terminals via an audio frequency load or by an acoustic coupler for receivers not fitted with a direct connection. In the latter case, the acoustic equivalent of the SINAD ratio of 20 dB or 14 dB is measured. For all receiver measurements for analogue speech, unless otherwise stated, the receiver volume control where possible, should be adjusted to give at least 50 % of the rated audio output power. In the case of stepped volume controls, the receiver volume control should be set to the first step that provides an output power of at least 50 % of the rated audio output power. This control should not be readjusted between normal and extreme test conditions. For all measurements which are applicable to EUTs capable of reception of bit streams, a bit error measuring test set should be connected to the receiver via a suitable audio frequency termination. For bit stream measurements the bit pattern of the modulating signal should be compared to the bit pattern obtained from the receiver after demodulation, during at least 2 500 bits or 5 sequences of D-M2 modulation when it is used. However for the purpose of identifying some physical phenomena shorter sequences can be used. For all measurements which are applicable to EUTs capable of reception of messages, a response measuring test set should be connected to the receiver output terminals via a suitable audio frequency termination.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1 Measured usable sensitivity
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100 027
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8.1.1.1 Measured usable sensitivity for analogue speech
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.1.1 Definition
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The measured usable sensitivity for analogue speech of the receiver is the minimum level of signal, expressed as an emf, at the nominal frequency of the receiver and with specified test modulation which produces through a psophometric weighting network a SINAD ratio of 20 dB.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.1.2 Method of measurement
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Signal generator Receiver under test AF load/ acoustic coupler Psophometric weighting network and SINAD meter Figure 53: Measurement arrangement a) A signal generator should be connected to the receiver input. The signal generator should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation A-M1. b) The amplitude of the signal generator should be adjusted until a SINAD ratio of 20 dB is obtained. c) The test signal input level under these conditions is the value of the measured usable sensitivity for analogue speech. This level should be recorded. d) The measurement should be repeated under extreme test conditions. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 100
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.2 Measured usable sensitivity for bit stream
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100 027
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8.1.1.2.1 Definition
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The measured usable sensitivity for bit stream of the receiver is the minimum level of signal expressed as an emf, at the nominal frequency of the receiver modulated with specified test signal which produces, after demodulation, a data signal with a bit error ratio of 10-2. NOTE: A BER of 10-2 is the value used in ETS 300 113 and ETS 300 390.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.2.2 Method of measurement
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Bit stream generator Bit error measuring test set Termination Signal generator Receiver under test Figure 54: Measurement arrangement a) A signal generator should be connected to the receiver input. The signal generator should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should be modulated by the test modulation D-M2. b) The amplitude of the signal generator should be adjusted until the bit error ratio of 10-2 is obtained. c) The measured usable sensitivity for bit stream should be recorded as the emf of the input signal to the receiver. d) The measurement should be repeated under extreme test conditions.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.3 Measured usable sensitivity for messages
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.3.1 Definition
|
The measured usable sensitivity for messages of the receiver is the minimum level of signal, expressed as an emf, at the nominal frequency of the receiver modulated by a test signal which produces, after demodulation, a message acceptance ratio of 80 %.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.1.3.2 Method of measurement
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Message Signal generator Receiver under test Termination Response measuring test set generator Figure 55: Measurement arrangement ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 101 a) A signal generator should be connected to the receiver input. The signal generator should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should be modulated by the test modulation D-M3. b) The amplitude of the signal generator should be adjusted so that a successful message response ratio of less than 10 % is obtained. c) The test signal should be applied repeatedly whilst observing in each case whether or not a successful response is obtained. The input level should be increased by 2 dB for each occasion that a successful response is not obtained. The procedure should be continued until three consecutive successful responses are observed. The level of the input signal should be recorded. d) The input signal level should be reduced by 1 dB and the new value recorded. The test signal should then be continuously repeated. In each case, if a response is not obtained, the input level should be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. If a successful response is obtained, the input level should not be changed until three consecutive successful responses have been observed. In this case, the input level should be reduced by 1 dB and the new value recorded. No input signal levels should be recorded unless preceded by a change in level. The measurement should be stopped after a total of 10 values have been recorded. e) The measured usable sensitivity for messages is the average of the values recorded in steps c) and d).This value is recorded. f) The measurement should be repeated under extreme test conditions.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2 Co-channel rejection
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.1 Co-channel rejection for analogue speech
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.1.1 Definition
|
The co-channel rejection for analogue speech is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal also at the nominal frequency. It is specified as the ratio in decibels of the level of the unwanted signal to the specified wanted signal level at the receiver input which produces through a psophometric weighting network a SINAD ratio of 14 dB.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.1.2 Method of measurement
|
Signal generator A Signal generator B Combiner Receiver under test Psophometric weighting network and SINAD meter AF load/ acoustic coupler Figure 56: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators A and B should be connected to the receiver input via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation A-M1. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3. Both input signals should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver under test. b) Initially the unwanted signal should be switched off and the amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. The unwanted signal should then be switched on ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 102 and its level should be adjusted until the SINAD ratio through a psophometric weighting network is reduced to 14 dB. c) The co-channel rejection ratio for analogue speech should be recorded as the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted signal to the level of the wanted signal at the receiver input for which the specified reduction in SINAD occurs.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
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8.1.2.2 Co-channel rejection for bit stream
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.2.1 Definition
|
The co-channel rejection for bit stream is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal also at the nominal frequency. It is specified as the ratio in decibels of the level of the unwanted signal recorded in step d) to the specified wanted signal level at the receiver input, for which the bit error ratio is 10-2.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.2.2 Method of measurement
|
Bit stream generator Bit error measuring test set Termination Signal generator A Receiver under test Signal generator B Combiner Figure 57: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators A and B should be connected to the receiver input via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation D-M2. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3. Both input signals should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver under test. b) Initially signal generator B should be switched off. The amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. c) The unwanted signal should then be switched on, and its input level adjusted until a bit error ratio of about 10-1 is obtained. d) The wanted signal should then be transmitted whilst observing the bit error ratio. The level of the unwanted signal should be reduced in steps of 1 dB until a bit error ratio of 10-2 or better is obtained. The level of the unwanted signal should then be recorded. e) The co-channel rejection ratio for bit stream should be recorded as the ratio in dB of the levels of the unwanted signal recorded in step d) to the level of the wanted signal, at the receiver input. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 103
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.3 Co-channel rejection for messages
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.3.1 Definition
|
The co-channel rejection for messages is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal at the nominal frequency modulated by a test signal without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal also at the nominal frequency. It is specified as the ratio in decibels of the level of the unwanted signal to the specified wanted signal level at the receiver input for which the message acceptance ratio is 80 %.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.2.3.2 Method of measurement
|
Message generator Response measuring test set Termination Signal generator A Receiver under test Signal generator B Combiner Figure 58: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators, A and B should be connected to the receiver via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation D-M3. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3. Both input signals should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver under test. b) Initially signal generator B should be switched off. The amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. c) The wanted signal should then be transmitted repeatedly and the signal generator B should be switched on. The input level of the unwanted signal should be adjusted until a successful message ratio of less than 10 % is obtained. d) The level of the unwanted signal should be reduced by 2 dB for each occasion that a successful response is not observed. The procedure should be continued until three consecutive successful responses are observed. The level of the input signal should then be recorded. e) The unwanted input signal should then be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. The wanted signal should then be continuously repeated. In each case if a response is not obtained the level of the unwanted signal should be reduced by 1 dB and the new value recorded. If a successful response is obtained, the level of the unwanted signal should not be changed until three consecutive successful responses have been obtained. In this case the unwanted signal should be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. No levels of the unwanted signal should be recorded unless preceded by a change in level. The measurement should be stopped after a total of 10 values have been recorded. f) The co-channel rejection ratio for messages should be recorded as the ratio in dB of the average of the levels of the unwanted signal recorded in steps d) and e) to the level of the wanted signal, at the receiver input. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 104
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
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8.1.3 Adjacent channel selectivity
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
|
8.1.3.1 Adjacent channel selectivity for analogue speech
| |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.3.1.1 Definition
|
The adjacent channel selectivity for analogue speech is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal which differs in frequency from the wanted signal by an amount equal to the adjacent channel separation for which the equipment is intended. It is specified as the lower value of the ratios in decibels for the upper and lower adjacent channels of the level of the unwanted signal to a specified level of the wanted signal which produces through a psophometric weighting network a SINAD ratio of 14 dB.
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.3.1.2 Method of measurement
|
Signal generator A Signal generator B Combiner Receiver under test AF load/ acoustic coupler Psophometric weighting network and SINAD meter Figure 59: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators A and B should be connected to the receiver input via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation A-M1. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3 and should be at the frequency of the channel immediately above that of the wanted signal. b) Initially the unwanted signal should be switched off and the amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. The unwanted signal should then be switched on and its level should be adjusted until the SINAD ratio through a psophometric weighting network is reduced to 14 dB. This level should be recorded. c) The measurement should be repeated with an unwanted signal at the frequency of the channel below that of the wanted signal. d) The adjacent channel selectivity for analogue speech should be recorded for the upper and lower adjacent channels as the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted signal to the level of the wanted signal. e) The measurements should be repeated under extreme test conditions using the relevant value of the wanted signal level.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.3.2 Adjacent channel selectivity for bit stream
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
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8.1.3.2.1 Definition
|
The adjacent channel selectivity for bit stream is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal which differs in frequency from the wanted signal by an amount equal to the adjacent channel separation for which the equipment is intended. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 105 It is specified as the lower value of the ratios in decibels for the upper and lower adjacent channels of the level of the unwanted signal to a specified level of the wanted signal for which the bit error ratio is 10-2.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
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100 027
|
8.1.3.2.2 Method of measurement
|
Bit stream generator Bit error measuring test set Termination Signal generator A Receiver under test Signal generator B Combiner Figure 60: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators A and B should be connected to the receiver input via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation D-M2. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3 and should be adjusted to the frequency of the channel immediately above that a wanted signal. b) Initially signal generator B should be switched off. The amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. c) The unwanted signal should then be switched on, and the input level adjusted until a bit error ratio of about 10-1 is obtained. d) The wanted signal should then be transmitted whilst observing the bit error ratio. The level of the unwanted signal should be reduced in steps of 1 dB until a bit error ratio of 10-2 or better is obtained. The level of the unwanted signal should then be recorded. e) The adjacent channel selectivity for bit stream should be recorded as the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted signal to the level of the wanted signal, at the receiver input. f) The measurement should be repeated with the unwanted signal at the frequency of the channel below that of the wanted signal. g) The measurement should be repeated under extreme test conditions using the relevant value of the wanted signal level.
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.3.3 Adjacent channel selectivity for messages
| |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.3.3.1 Definition
|
The adjacent channel selectivity for messages is a measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal at the nominal frequency modulated by a test signal without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted modulated signal which differs in frequency from the wanted signal by an amount equal to the adjacent channel separation for which the equipment is intended. It is specified as the lower value of the ratios in decibels for the upper and lower adjacent channels of the level of the unwanted signal to a specified level of the wanted signal for which the message acceptance ratio is 80 %. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 106
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.3.3.2 Method of measurement
|
Message generator Response measuring test set Termination Signal generator A Signal generator B Combiner Receiver under test Figure 61: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators, A and B should be connected to the receiver via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation D-M3. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3 and should be adjusted to the frequency of the channel immediately above that of the wanted signal. b) Initially signal generator B should be switched off. The amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. c) The wanted signal should then be transmitted repeatedly and the signal generator B should be switched on. The input level of the unwanted signal should be adjusted until a successful message ratio of less than 10 % is obtained. d) The level of the unwanted signal should be reduced by 2 dB for each occasion that a successful response is not observed. The procedure should be continued until three consecutive successful responses are observed. The level of the input signal should then be noted. e) The unwanted input signal should then be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. The wanted signal should then be continuously repeated. In each case if a response is not obtained the level of the unwanted signal should be reduced by 1 dB and the new value recorded. If a successful response is obtained, the level of the unwanted signal should not be changed until three consecutive successful responses have been obtained. In this case the unwanted signal should be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. No levels of the unwanted signal should be recorded unless preceded by a change in level. The measurement should be stopped after a total of 10 values have been recorded. f) The measurement should be repeated with the unwanted signal at the frequency of the channel below that of the wanted signal. g) The adjacent channel selectivity for messages should be recorded for the upper and lower adjacent channels as the average of the levels of the unwanted signal noted in steps d) and e) to the level of the wanted input signal. h) The measurement should be repeated under extreme test conditions using the relevant value of the wanted signal level.
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4 Spurious response immunity
|
The particular method to be used when performing the calculation of the limited frequency range and the actual spurious frequencies should be included in the appropriate ETS or EN. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 107
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f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.1 Spurious response immunity for analogue speech
| |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.1.1 Definition
|
The spurious response immunity for analogue speech is a measure of the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained. It is specified as the ratio in decibels of the level of the unwanted signal to the level of the wanted signal at the receiver input, which produces through a psophometric weighting network a SINAD ratio of 14 dB.
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement
|
Signal generator A Signal generator B Combiner Receiver under test AF load/ acoustic coupler Psophometric weighting network and SINAD meter Figure 62: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators A and B should be connected to the receiver input via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation A-M1. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3. b) Initially the unwanted signal should be switched off and the amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. The unwanted signal should then be switched on and its level should be adjusted to level which is 80 dB in excess of the wanted signal level, when measured at the receiver input. The frequency of the unwanted signal should then be varied over the specified limited frequency range plus other frequencies within the full specified frequency range at which it is calculated that a spurious response could occur. The frequencies of all responses should be noted. c) At any frequency at which a response is obtained, the unwanted signal level should be adjusted until the SINAD ratio through a psophometric weighting network is reduced to 14 dB. d) The spurious response immunity ratio for analogue speech should be recorded for the frequency concerned as the ratio in dB between the unwanted signal and the wanted signal at the receiver input.
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.2 Spurious response immunity for bit stream
| |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.2.1 Definition
|
The spurious response immunity for bit stream is a measure of the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted modulated signal at the nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained. It is specified as the ratio in decibels of the level of the unwanted signal to a specified level of the wanted signal at the receiver input for which the bit error ratio is 10-2. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 108
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement
|
Bit stream generator Bit error measuring test set Termination Signal generator A Receiver under test Signal generator B Combiner Figure 63: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators A and B should be connected to the receiver input via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation D-M2. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3 and should be adjusted to a frequency within the specified frequency range at which it is calculated that a spurious response could occur. b) Initially signal generator B should be switched off. The amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. c) The unwanted signal should then be switched on, and the input level adjusted until a bit error ratio of about 10-1 is obtained. d) The wanted signal should then be transmitted whilst observing the bit error ratio. The level of the unwanted signal should be reduced in steps of 1 dB until a bit error ratio of 10-2 or better is obtained. The level of the unwanted signal should then be recorded. e) The measurement should be repeated at each frequency within the specified frequency range at which it is calculated that a spurious response could occur. f) The spurious response immunity for bit stream should be recorded for the frequency concerned as the ratio in dB of the level of the unwanted signal to the level of the wanted signal at the receiver input.
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.3 Spurious response immunity for messages
| |
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.3.1 Definition
|
The spurious response immunity for messages is a measure of the capability of the receiver to discriminate between the wanted signal modulated by a test signal at the nominal frequency and an unwanted signal at any other frequency at which a response is obtained. It is specified as the ratio in decibels of the level of the unwanted signal to a specified level of the wanted signal at the receiver input for which the message acceptance ratio is 80 %. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 109
|
f968701d34274f489f6c9983c6c42197
|
100 027
|
8.1.4.3.2 Method of measurement
|
Message generator Response measuring test set Termination Signal generator A Receiver under test Signal generator B Combiner Figure 64: Measurement arrangement a) Two signal generators, A and B should be connected to the receiver via a combining network. The wanted signal, represented by signal generator A, should be at the nominal frequency of the receiver and should have test modulation D-M3. The unwanted signal, represented by signal generator B, should have test modulation A-M3 and should be adjusted to a frequency within the specified frequency range at which it is calculated that a spurious response could occur. b) Initially signal generator B should be switched off. The amplitude of signal generator A should be adjusted to the wanted signal level when measured at the receiver input. c) The wanted signal should then be transmitted repeatedly and the signal generator B should be switched on. The input level of the unwanted signal should be adjusted until a successful message ratio of less than 10 % is obtained. d) The level of the unwanted signal should be reduced by 2 dB for each occasion that a successful response is not observed. The procedure should be continued until three consecutive successful responses are observed. The level of the input signal should then be recorded. e) The unwanted input signal should then be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. The wanted signal should then be continuously repeated. In each case if a response is not obtained the level of the unwanted signal should be reduced by 1 dB and the new value recorded. If a successful response is obtained, the level of the unwanted signal should not be changed until three consecutive successful responses have been obtained. In this case the unwanted signal should be increased by 1 dB and the new value recorded. No levels of the unwanted signal should be recorded unless preceded by a change in level. The measurement should be stopped after a total of 10 values have been recorded. f) The measurement should be repeated at each frequency within the specified frequency range at which it is calculated that a spurious response could occur. g) The spurious response immunity for messages should be recorded for the frequency concerned as the ratio in dB of the average of the levels of the unwanted signal recorded in steps d) and e) to the level of the wanted signal at the receiver input. ETSI ETSI TR 100 027 V1.2.1 (1999-12) 110
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