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3hop2__127483_84553_10557 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_text": " the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiated diplomatic contact with the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 790s, due to their mutual interest in Iberian affairs.\nIn 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople. Through his assumption of the imperial title, he is considered the forerunner to the line of Holy Roman Emperors, which persisted into the nineteenth century. As king and emperor, Charlemagne engaged in a number of reforms in administration, law, education, military organization, and religion, which shaped Europe for centuries. The stability of his reign began a period of cultural activity known as the Carolingian Renaissance.\nCharlemagne died in 814 and was laid to rest at Aachen Cathedral in Aachen, his imperial capital city. He was succeeded by his only surviving son, Louis the Pious. After Louis, the Frankish kingdom was divided and eventually coalesced into West- and East Francia, which later became France and the Holy Roman Empire, respectively. Charlemagne's profound impact on the Middle Ages and influence on the territory he ruled has led him to be called the \"Father of Europe\" by many historians. He is seen as a founding figure by multiple European states and a number of historical royal houses of Europe trace their lineage back to him. Charlemagne has been the subject of artworks, monuments and literature during and after the medieval period and is venerated by the Catholic Church.\n\n\n== Name ==\nSeveral languages were spoken in Charlemagne's world, and he was known to contemporaries as Karlus in the Old High German he spoke; as Karlo to Romance speakers; and as Carolus (or Karolus) in Latin, the formal language of writing and diplomacy. Charles is the modern English form of these names. The name Charlemagne, as the emperor is normally known in English, comes from the French Charles-le-magne ('Charles the Great'). In modern German, he is known as Karl der Große. The Latin epithet magnus ('great') may have been associated with himCharlemagne (/ ��������rl��me��n /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire.Charlemagne ( SHAR-lə-mayn, -��MAYN; 2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814. He united most of Western and Central Europe, and was the first recognised emperor to rule in the west after the fall of the Western Roman Empire approximately three centuries earlier. Charlemagne's reign was marked by political and social changes that had lasting impact on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.\nA member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin's death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father's policy of protecting the papacy and became its chief defender, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy in 774. His reign saw a period of expansion that led to the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of Verden against the Saxons. He also sent envoys and initiatedCharlemagne (/ ˈʃɑːrlɪmeɪn /) or Charles the Great (2 April 742 -- 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774 and Emperor of the Romans from 800. He united much of Europe during the early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor in western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. and social changes that had lasting impact on Europe throughout the Middle Ages.\nA member of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty, Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. With his brother, Carloman I, he became king of the Franks in 768 following Pepin's death and became the sole ruler three years later. Charlemagne continued his father's policy of protecting the papacy and became its chief defender, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy in 774. His reign saw a period of expansion that led to the conquests of Bavaria, Saxony and northern Spain, as well as other campaigns that led Charlemagne to extend his rule over a large part of Europe. Charlemagne spread Christianity to his new conquests (often by force), as seen at the Massacre of",
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Auctor",
"paragraph_text": " a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious \"power of command\" of heroic Roman figures.\nNoble women could also achieve a degree of auctoritas. For example, the wives, sisters, and mothers of the Julio-Claudians had immense influence on society, the masses, and the political apparatus. Their auctoritas was exercised less overtly than that of their male counterparts due to Roman societal norms, but they were powerful nonetheless.\n\n\n== Etymology and origin ==\nAccording to linguist Emile Benveniste, auctor (which also gives us English \"author\") is derived from Latin augeō (\"to augment\", \"to enlarge\", \"to enrich\"). The auctor is \"is qui auget\", the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another. Arguably, Benveniste defended that Latin \"auctoritasAuctor is Latin for author or originator. The term is used in Scholasticism for a \"renowned scholar\", and in biological taxonomy for the scientist describing a species or other taxon. The term is widely replaced by author in English-language works.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n \nThe Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern era. The Italian Leonardo Bruni (d. 1444) was the first to use tripartite periodisation in 1442, and it became standard with the German historian Christoph Cellarius (d. 1707). The adjective \"medieval\", pertaining to the Middle Ages, derives from medium aevum (\"middle age\"), a Neo-Latin term first recorded in 1604. It is also spelt \"mediaeval\" or \"mediæval\".\nIt customarily spans the period between c.��500 and 1500, but its start and end years are arbitrary. A common starting point, first used by Bruni, is 476: the year the last Western Roman Emperor was deposed. As an alternative, the conversion of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (r.��306–337) to Christianity is cited. There is no universally-agreed-upon end date; the most frequently-used dates include 1453 (the fall of Constantinople), 1492 (Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas), and 1517 (the beginning of the Protestant Reformation).\nEurope, according to historian Miri Rubin, \"did not live to a single rhythm over this period\". ChristianisationJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD. It is the second of the three traditional divisions of Western history: antiquity, medieval, and modern. Major developments include the economic predominance of agriculture, exploitation of the peasantry, slow inter-regional communication, the importance of personal relationships in power structures, and the weakness of state administration. The period is sometimes subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages, and the early medieval period is alternatively referred to as the Dark Ages.\nPopulation decline, counterurbanisation, the collapse of centralised authority, the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation",
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| What language did the author, who later became known for constructing a European empire and being crowned Emperor of the Romans in the 800 AD era, use? | [
{
"id": 127483,
"question": "In what language is Auctor?",
"answer": "Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 84553,
"question": "who built a european empire and was crowned emperor of the romans in 800",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| Medieval Latin | []
| true | What was the language of Auctor of who built a european empire and was crowned emperor of the romans in 800 era later known as? |
3hop1__698501_503371_21711 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Gothic architecture",
"paragraph_text": "rals and churches, as well as abbeys, and parish churches. It is also the architecture of many castles, palaces, town halls, guildhalls, universities and, less prominently today, private dwellings. Many of the finest examples of medieval Gothic architecture are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.\nWith the development of Renaissance architecture in Italy during the mid-15th century, the Gothic style was supplanted by the new style, but in some regions, notably England and Belgium, Gothic continued to flourish and develop into the 16th century. A series of Gothic revivals began in mid-18th century England, spread through 19th-century Europe and continued, largely for churches and university buildings, into the 20th century.\n\n\n== Name ==\n Medieval contemporaries described the style as Latin: opus Francigenum, lit.��'French work' or 'Frankish work', as opus modernum, 'modern work', novum opus, 'new work', or as Italian: maniera tedesca, lit.��'German style'.\nThe term \"Gothic architecture\" originated as a pejorative description. Giorgio Vasari used the term \"barbarous German style\" in his Lives of the Artists to describe what is now considered the Gothic style, and in the introduction to the Lives he attributes various architectural features to the Goths, whom he held responsible for destroying the ancient buildings after they conquered Rome, and erecting new ones in this style. When Vasari wrote, Italy had experienced a century of building in the Vitruvian architectural vocabulary of classical orders revived in the Renaissance and seen as evidence of a new Golden Age of learning and refinement. Thus the Gothic style, being in opposition to classical architecture, from that point of view was associated with the destruction of advancement and sophistication. The assumption that classical architecture was better than Gothic architecture was widespread and proved difficult to defeat. Vasari was echoed in the 16th century by François Rabelais, who referred to Goths and Ostrogoths (Gotz and Ostrogotz).\nThe polymath architect Christopher Wren disapproved of the name Gothic for pointed architecture. He compared it to Islamic architecture, which he called the 'Saracen style', pointing out that the pointed arch's sophistication was not owed to the Goths but to the Islamic Golden Age. He wrote:\n\nThis we now call the Gothic manner of architecture (so the Italians called what was not after the Roman style) though the Goths were rather destroyers than builders; I think it should with more reason be called the Saracen style, for these people wanted neither arts nor learning: and after we in the west lost both, we borrowed again from them, out of their Arabic books, what they with great diligence had translated from the Greeks.\nWren was the first to popularize the belief that it was not the Europeans, but the Saracens that had created the Gothic style. The term 'Saracen' was still in use in the 18th century and it typically referred to all Muslims, including the Arabs and Berbers. Wren mentions Europe's architectural debt to the Saracens no fewer than twelve times in his writings. He also decidedly broke with tradition in his assumption that Gothic architecture did not merely represent a violent and bothersome mistake, as suggested by Vasari. Rather, he saw that the Gothic style had developed over time along the lines of a changing society, and that it was thus a legitimate architectural style of its own.\nIt was no secret that Wren strongly disliked the building practices of the Gothic style. When he was appointed Surveyor of the Fabric at Westminster Abbey in the year 1698, he expressed his distaste for the Gothic style in a letter to the bishop of Rochester:\n\nNothing was thought magnificent that was not high beyond Measure, with the Flutter of Arch-buttresses, so we call the sloping Arches that poise the higher Vaultings of the Nave. The Romans always concealed their Butments, whereas the Normans thought them ornamental. These I have observed are the first Things that occasion the Ruin of Cathedrals, being so much exposed to the Air and Weather; the Coping, which cannot defend them, first failing, and if they give Way, the Vault must spread. Pinnacles are no Use, and as little Ornament.\nThe chaos of the Gothic left much to be desired in Wren's eyes. His aversion of the style was so strong that he refused to put a Gothic roof on the new St. Paul's, despite being pressured to do so. Wren much preferred symmetry and straight lines in architecture, which is why he constantly praised the classic architecture of 'the Ancients' in his writings.\nEven though he openly expressed his distaste for the Gothic style, Wren did not blame the Saracens for the apparent lack of ingenuity. Quite the opposite: he praised the Saracens for their 'superior' vaulting techniques and their widespread use of the pointed arch. Wren claimed the inventors of the Gothic had seen the Saracen architecture during the Crusades, also called the Religious war or Holy War, organised by the Kingdom of France in the year 1095:\n\nThe Holy War gave the Christians, who had been there, an Idea of the Saracen Works, which were afterwards by them imitated in the West; and they refined upon it every day, as they proceeded in building Churches.\nThere are several chronological issues that arise with this statement, which is one of the reasons why Wren's theory is rejected by many. The earliest examples of the pointed arch in Europe date from before the Holy War in the year 1095; this is widely regarded as proof that the Gothic style could not have possibly been derived from Saracen architecture. Several authors have taken a stance against this allegation, claiming that the Gothic style had most likely filtered into EuropeThe Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from theThe Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal residences include the Doge's Palace of Venice, the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona, built in the 15th century for the kings of Aragon, or the famous Conciergerie, former palace of the kings of France, in Paris.",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Sisamón",
"paragraph_text": "Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.\n\n\n== References ==Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.\n\n\n== References ==Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.\n\n\n== References ==Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain.Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.Sisamón is a municipality located in the province of Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain. According to the 2004 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 60 inhabitants.\n\n\n==",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Martin of Aragon",
"paragraph_text": " 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.\n\n\n== Background ==\nMartin was born in 1356, in either Girona or Perpignan, both then in the Principality of Catalonia. He was the second son of King Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily (Leonora), princess of the Sicilian branch of the House of Aragon.\nAs a cadet prince of the Aragonese royal family, Martin was given the County of Besalú. In Barcelona on 13 June 1372, Martin married María López de Luna (d. Villarreal, 20 December 1406), the daughter and heiress of Lope, Lord andMartin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II). He failed to secure the accession of his illegitimate grandson, Frederic, Count of Luna, and with him the rule of the House of Barcelona came to an end.",
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| What is the construction year of the Palau de la Generalitat in the city where Martin, from the area of Sisamón, passed away? | [
{
"id": 698501,
"question": "Sisamón >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Aragon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 503371,
"question": "Martin of #1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Barcelona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 21711,
"question": "When was the Palau de la Generalitat in #2 constructed?",
"answer": "built in the 15th century",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
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| built in the 15th century | [
"15th century"
]
| true | When was the Palau de la Generalitat constructed in the city where Martin from the region where Sisamón is located died? |
4hop1__846600_153080_159767_81096 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Arizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and John McCain, though it hasArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xò��ztò x��̀xò��tsò]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [��a��i ����onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.Arizona ( ARR-ih-ZOH-nə; Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo [ho����z��to�� ha��ho����tso��]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak [��a��i�� ������nak]) is a landlocked state in the Southwestern region of the United States. Arizona is part of the Four Corners region with Utah to the north, Colorado to the northeast, and New Mexico to the east; its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest, California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. It is the 6th-largest and the 14th-most-populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,Arizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminalCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix",
"paragraph_text": "After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "A Modern Jazz Symposium of Music and Poetry",
"paragraph_text": " \"the best trumpet heard on a Mingus album for some time before or since\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll titles by Charles Mingus, except where noted.\n\n\"Scenes in the City\" (Music: Mingus; Narrative: Elder, Hughes) – 11:55\n\"Nouroog\" – 4:52\n\"New York Sketchbook\" – 8:55\n\"Duke's Choice\" – 6:27\n\"Slippers\" – 3:29\nBonus tracks\n\n\"Woody 'n' You\" (Gillespie) – 8:44\nMistitled \"Wouldn't You\" on earlier releases\n\"Bounce\" (Parker) – 9:22\n\"Slippers (Alternate Take)\" – 3:50\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – bass\nJimmy Knepper – trombone\nShafi Hadi –A Modern Jazz Symposium of Music and Poetry is an album by jazz bassist Charles Mingus. In spite of the title, the album does not contain any poetry. \"Scenes in the City\", however, includes narration performed by Mel Stewart and written by actor Lonne Elder with assistance from Langston Hughes. The composition \"Duke's Choice\" re-appears, in updated form, as \"I X Love\" on the 1963 album \"Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus\". \"Nouroog\", \"Duke's Choice\" and \"Slippers\" form the basis of the suite \"Open Letter to Duke\" on \"Mingus Ah Um\".A Modern Jazz Symposium of Music and Poetry is an album by jazz bassist Charles Mingus. In spite of the title, the album does not contain any poetry. \"Scenes in the City\", however, includes narration performed by Mel Stewart and written by actor Lonne Elder with assistance from Langston Hughes. The composition \"Duke's Choice\" re-appears, in updated form, as \"I X Love\" on the 1963 album \"Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus Mingus\". \"Nouroog\", \"Duke's Choice\" and \"Slippers\" form the basis of the suite \"Open Letter to Duke\" on \"Mingus Ah Um\". of the suite \"Open Letter to Duke\" on Mingus Ah Um.\nThe CD issues of the album include three bonus tracks: the Dizzy Gillespie standard \"Woody 'n' You\", Charlie Parker's \"Billie's Bounce\", which is listed as \"Bounce\" and miscredited to Mingus, and an alternate take of \"Slippers\".\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe AllMusic review by Scott Yanow called the album \"an excellent set of challenging yet often accessible music\". The Penguin Guide to Jazz deemed it \"an opportunity for Mingus to experiment with texts and with pure sound\". The Penguin editors furthermore cite Clarence Shaw's performance on \"New York Sketchbook\" as \"the best trumpet heard on a Mingus album for some time before or since\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll titles by Charles Mingus, except where noted.\n\n\"Scenes in the City",
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]
| Who was the champion of the Indy car competition in the most populous city and the capital of the native state of the artist who performed A Modern Jazz Symposium of Music and Poetry? | [
{
"id": 846600,
"question": "A Modern Jazz Symposium of Music and Poetry >> performer",
"answer": "Charles Mingus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 153080,
"question": "What city is #1 from?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 159767,
"question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?",
"answer": "Phoenix",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 81096,
"question": "who won the indy car race in #3",
"answer": "Mario Andretti",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Mario Andretti | []
| true | Who won the Indy car race in the largest city and the capital of the state of origin of the performer of A Modern Jazz Symposium of Music and Poetry? |
2hop__28203_55840 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The King's Speech",
"paragraph_text": "ue that were being used by his grandson Mark and Peter Conradi as the basis of a book, and were granted permission to incorporate material from the notes and book into the script.\nPrincipal photography took place in London and around Britain from November 2009 to January 2010. Hard light was used to give the story a greater resonance and wider-than-normal lenses were employed to recreate the Duke of York's feelings of constriction. A third technique Hooper employed was the off-centre framing of characters.\nThe King's Speech was a major box office and critical success. It was widely praised by film critics for its visual style, art direction, screenplay, directing, score, and acting. Other commentators discussed the film's representation of historical detail, especially the reversal of Winston Churchill's opposition to abdication. The film received many awards and nominations, particularly for Colin Firth's performance, which resulted in his first Academy Award for Best Actor. At the 83rd Academy Awards, The King's Speech received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year, and subsequently won four, including Best Picture. Censors initially gave it adult ratings due to profanity, though these were later revised downwards after criticism by the makers and distributors in the UK and some instances of swearing were muted in the US. On a budget of £8 million, it earned over £250 million internationally.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAt the official closing of the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, Prince Albert \"Bertie\", Duke of York, the second son of King George V, addresses the crowd with a strong stammer. His search for treatment has been discouraging, but his wife, Elizabeth, persuades him to see Australian-born Lionel Logue, a non-medically trained Harley Street speech defects therapist. Bertie believes the first session is not going well, but Lionel has him recite Hamlet's \"To be, or not to be\" soliloquy while listening to classical music over a pair of headphones. Bertie is frustrated but Lionel gives him the acetate recording that he has made of the reading as a souvenir.\nAfter Bertie's father, King George V, broadcasts his 1934 Royal Christmas Message, he explains to Bertie that the wireless will play a significant part in the role of the royal family, allowing them to enter the homes of the people, and that Bertie's brother's neglect of his responsibilities make training in it necessary. The attempt at reading the message himself is a failure, but that night Bertie plays the recording Lionel gave him and is astonished at the lack of stutter. He returns for daily treatments to overcome the physical and psychological roots of his stutter.\nGeorge V dies in 1936. His eldest son David ascends the throne as King Edward VIII. A constitutional crisis arises with Edward over a prospective marriage with twice-divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. Edward, as the supreme governor of the Church of England, cannot marry her, even if her second divorce occurs, since both her previous husbands are alive.\nAt an unscheduled session, Bertie expresses frustration that, while his speech has mostly improved, he still stammers when talking to David, simultaneously revealing the extent of Edward VIII's folly with Simpson. When Lionel insists that Bertie himself could make a good king, Bertie accuses Lionel of treason and angrily quits Lionel. They reconvene after King Edward decides to abdicate in order to marry. Bertie, urged by Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin, ascends the throne as King George VI and visits Lionel's home with his wife before their coronation, much to the surprise of Mrs. Logue when she learns who Lionel's client has been.\nBertie and Lionel's relationship is questioned by the King's advisors during preparations for his coronation in Westminster Abbey. The archbishop of Canterbury, Cosmo Gordon Lang, points out that George never sought advice from his advisors about his treatment and that Lionel lacks formal training. Lionel explains to an outraged Bertie that at the time he started with speech defects there were no formal qualifications and that the only known help that was available for returning Great WarThe King's Speech is a 2010 British historical drama film directed by Tom Hooper and written by David Seidler. Colin Firth plays the future King George VI who, to cope with a stammer, sees Lionel Logue, an Australian speech and language therapist played by Geoffrey Rush. The men become friends as they work together, and after his brother abdicates the throne, the new king relies on Logue to help him make his first wartime radio broadcast on Britain's declaration of war on Germany in 1939.idler read about George VI's life after learning to manage a stuttering condition he developed during his own youth. He started writing about the relationship between the therapist and his royal patient as early as the 1980s, but at the request of the King's widow, Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, postponed work until her death in 2002. He later rewrote his screenplay for the stage to focus on the essential relationship between the two protagonists. Nine weeks before filming began, the filmmakers learned of the existence of notes written by Logue that were being used by his grandson Mark and Peter Conradi as the basis of a book, and were granted permission to incorporate material from the notes and book into the script.\nPrincipal photography took place in London and around Britain from November 2009 to January 2010. Hard light was used to give the story a greater resonance and wider-than-normal lenses were employed to recreate the Duke of York's feelings of constriction. A third technique Hooper employed was the off-centre framing of characters.\nThe King's Speech was a major box office and critical success. It was widely praised by film critics for its visual style, art direction, screenplay, directing, score, and acting. Other commentators discussed the film's representation of historical detail, especially the reversal of Winston Churchill's opposition to abdication. The film received many awards and nominations, particularly for Colin Firth's performance, which resulted in his first Academy Award for Best Actor. At the 83rd Academy Awards, The King's Speech received 12 Oscar nominations, more than any other film in that year, and subsequently won four, including Best Picture. Censors initially gave it adult ratings due to profanity, though these were later revised downwards after criticism by the makers and distributors in the UK and some instances of swearing were muted in the US. On a budget of £8 million, it earned over £250 million internationally.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAt the official closing of the British Empire Exhibition at Wembley Stadium, Prince Albert \"Bertie\", Duke of York, the second son of King George V, addresses the crowd with a strong stammer.",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "George VI",
"paragraph_text": " also attended. On arrival at Paddington the coffin was loaded onto a train for the journey to Windsor. Another procession carried the coffin through the town to St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle where a service was held and the king interred in the royal vault.\nThe procession was the first of a British monarch to be broadcast on television and may have led to the start of a mass purchase of television sets. The king's body was relocated to the newly built King George VI Memorial Chapel at St George's in 1969 and was joined there by the body of his wife Queen Elizabeth, and the ashes of his daughter Princess Margaret, who died in March 2002 and February 2002 respectively. In September 2022, following the death of his daughter, Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, who had died in April 2021, were interred alongside them in the Chapel. A change in the ledger stone following Elizabeth and Philip's interment was also made.\n\n\n== Death ==\n\nGeorge VI had undergone a lung operation in September 1951 from which he never fully recovered. In the evening of 5 February 1952, he had a meal with his family at Sandringham House, Norfolk, and retired to bed at 10:30 pm. He died in his sleep on 6 February 1952 at the age of 56. He was discovered by his valet at 7:30 am and the news was conveyed to Buckingham Palace by telephone, using the code \"Hyde Park Corner\" to avoid alerting switchboard operators to the news. The news was not broken to the wider world until 11:15 am when BBC newsreader John Snagge read the words \"It is with the greatest sorrow that we make the following announcement...\" on the radio. The news was repeated every fifteen minutes for seven occasions, before the broadcast went silent for five hours. As a mark of respect the Great Tom bell at St Paul's Cathedral was tolled every minute for two hours, as well as the bells at Westminster Abbey. The Sebastopol Bell, a Crimean War trophy at Windsor Castle that is rung onlyAlbert assumed the regnal name \"George VI\" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as \"His Royal Highness Prince Edward\" for the abdication broadcast, but George VI felt that by abdicating and renouncing the succession Edward had lost the right to bear royal titles, including \"Royal Highness\". In settling the issue, George's first act as king was to confer upon his brother the title and style \"His Royal Highness The Duke of Windsor\", but the Letters Patent creating the dukedom prevented any wife or children from bearing royal styles. George VI was also forced to buy from Edward the royal residences of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House, as these were private properties and did not pass to George VI automatically. Three days after his accession, on his 41st birthday, he invested his wife, the new queen consort, with the Order of the Garter., was proclaimed the new monarch by the Accession Council. George VI's coffin lay in St Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham until 11 February when it was carried, in procession, to the nearby Wolferton railway station. The coffin was carried by train to London King's Cross railway station where another formal procession carried it to Westminster Hall where the king lay in state for three days. Some 304,000 people passed through Westminster Hall with queues up to 4 miles (6.4 km) forming.\nGeorge VI's funeral was held on 15 February and began with another formal procession to Paddington Station, the coffin being carried on a gun carriage hauled by Royal Navy seamen, as is traditional at the funerals of British sovereigns. The procession was accompanied by Elizabeth II, George VI's widow Queen Elizabeth (now the Queen Mother), Princess Margaret and four royal dukes: Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor, and Prince Edward, Duke of Kent. Numerous foreign monarchs and other representatives also attended. On arrival at Paddington the coffin was loaded onto a train for the journey to Windsor. Another procession carried the coffin through the town to St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle where a service was held and the king interred in the royal vault.\nThe procession was the first of a British monarch to be broadcast on television and may have led to the start of a mass purchase of television sets. The king's body was relocated to the newly built King George",
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| In the King's Speech, which actor portrayed the royalty known as Albert? | [
{
"id": 28203,
"question": "What regnal name did Albert adopt?",
"answer": "George VI",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 55840,
"question": "who played king #1 in the king's speech",
"answer": "Colin Firth",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| Colin Firth | []
| true | Who played king whose regal Name did Albert Adopt in the king's speech? |
3hop1__857_846_7798 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the JiaThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a",
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidlyAs in most of eastern China the ethnic makeup of Nanjing is predominantly Han nationality (98.56 percent), with 50 other minority nationalities. In 1999, 77,394 residents belonged to minority nationalities, among which the vast majority (64,832) were Hui nationalities, contributing 83.76 percent to the minority population. The second and third largest minority groups were Manchu (2,311) and Zhuang (533) nationalities. Most of the minority nationalities resided in Jianye District, comprising 9.13 percent of the district's population..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by",
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty",
"paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–TibDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from ",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who was the predominant ethnic group in the city where the individual received the edict from Emperor Yongle? | [
{
"id": 857,
"question": "Who was the edict addressed to?",
"answer": "the Karmapa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 846,
"question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 7798,
"question": "What is the overwhelming ethnic majority in #2 ?",
"answer": "Han nationality",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| Han nationality | []
| true | What was the overwhelming ethnic majority in the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed? |
4hop1__342858_131850_33952_34099 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Yuma County Library District",
"paragraph_text": "The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma. as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.\nEach library features books, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, CDs, DVDs, Internet access, printing, and copying services. Programs and classes for all ages are offered throughout the year, including storytimes, summer reading, technology training and assistance, and topics of local interest.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Library District's mission statement is \"Yuma County Library District is your center for information, community enrichment, recreational reading, and lifelong learning.\" Its official slogan is \"Your Information Connection.\"\nThe County Board of Supervisors serves as the Library District Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is the five elected members of the Yuma County Board of Supervisors. They appoint the Library District Director, establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board of Directors has the authority to set the Library District’s tax rate.\nThe Board of Trustees consists of nine members who are appointed by the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors. Board of Trustee positions are honorary and without compensation. Their primary function is to promote the development and improvement of Library District services. The Trustees recommend library policies to the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors.\nThe Library District is primarily funded by real property taxes.The Yuma County Library District",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hillTucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867Both the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013). (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Yuma, Colorado",
"paragraph_text": " \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities and towns\nColorado municipalities\nColorado counties\nYuma County, Colorado\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial website\nCDOT map of the City of Yuma\nGoYuma.com\nThe Yuma PioneerYuma is a home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2020 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nA post office in YThe City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the duration of the city council tenures in the state's second biggest city where the city of Yuma can be found? | [
{
"id": 342858,
"question": "Yuma >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Yuma County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 131850,
"question": "Which state is #1 Library District located?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 33952,
"question": "What is the second largest city in #2 ?",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 34099,
"question": "How long are #3 's city council terms?",
"answer": "four-year",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| four-year | []
| true | How long are the city council terms in the second largest city in the state where Yuma is located? |
2hop__629030_56873 | [
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Nottingham Forest F.C.",
"paragraph_text": " from the top flight in 1997 and 1999. The team returned to the Premier League by winning the play-offs in 2022.\nForest's main rivalry is with Derby County, with who they contest the East Midlands derby. In 2007 the Brian Clough Trophy was founded, which has since then been given to the winner.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 19th century ===\n\nIn 1865 a group of shinty players met at the Clinton Arms (now renamed The Playwright) at the junction of Nottingham's Shakespeare Street and North Sherwood Street. J.S. Scrimshaw's proposal to play association football instead was agreed and Nottingham Forest Football Club was formed. It was agreed at the same meeting that the club would purchase twelve tasselled caps coloured 'Garibaldi Red' (named after the leader of the Italian 'Redshirts' fighters). Thus the club's official colours were established. Matches were originally played at Forest Racecourse, the presumed source of the word 'Forest' in the team's name.\nFrom 2019 to 2023, Nottingham Forest claimed to be the oldest remaining club in the English Football League. In 2019, when Notts County were relegated from the league, Stoke City claimed to be the oldest remaining club, but football historian Mark Metcalf stated that Stoke was formed in 1868, rather than the 1863 date on the club's badge, and therefore Forest was the oldest club. The EFL also stated that Nottingham Forest was the oldest.\nForest's first ever official game was played against Notts County taking place on 22 March 1866. On 23 April 1870, when the team played their first game in league play, the steward of the club was John Lymberry and William Henry Revis scored the first goal. On that day, Revis also won the prize for kicking a football furthest with a kick of 161 feet 8 inches.\nIn their early years Nottingham Forest were a multi-sports club. As well as their roots in bandy and shinty, Forest's baseball club were British champions in 1899. Forest's charitable approach helped clubs like Liverpool, Arsenal and Brighton & Hove Albion to form. In 1886, Forest donated a set of football kits to help Arsenal establish themselves – the North London team still wear red. Forest also donated shirts to Everton and helped secure a site to play on for Brighton.\nIn 1878–79 season, Nottingham Forest entered into the FA Cup for the first time. Forest beat Notts County 3–1 in the first round at Beeston Cricket Ground before eventually losing 2–1 to Old Etonians in the semi-final.\nNottingham Forest's application was rejected to join the Football League at its formation in 1888. Forest instead joined the Football Alliance in 1889.\nThey won the competition in 1892 before then entering the Football League. That season they reached and lost in an FA Cup semi-final for the fourth time to date. This time it was to West Bromwich Albion after a replay.\n\nNottingham Forest's first FA Cup semi-final win was at the fifth attempt, the 1897–98 FA Cup 2–0 replay win against Southampton. The first game was drawn 1–1. Derby County beat Nottingham Forest 5–0 five days before the final. Six of the cup final side were rested in that league game. In that 1898 FA Cup final at Crystal Palace before 62,000 fans, Willie Wragg passed a 19th minute free kick to Arthur Capes. Capes shot through the defensive wall to score. Derby equalised with a free kick headed home by Steve Bloomer off the underside of the cross bar after 31 minutes. In the 42nd minute Jack Fryer was unable to hold a Charlie Richards shot giving Capes a tap in for his second goal. Wragg's injury meant Forest had to change their line up with Capes dropping back to midfield. In the 86th minute John Boag headed away a corner by Nottingham Forest. John McPherson moved in to collect shooting low into the goal to win 3–1.\n\n\n=== First half of 20th century ===\nForest lost FA Cup semi-finals in 1900 and 1902. They finished fourth in the 1900–01 Football League followed with fifth place the season after. The club then started to slide down the table. Forest were relegated for the first time in 1905–06. Grenville Morris had his first of five seasons as the club's highest scorer en route to becoming the all-time club highest goalscorer with 213 goals.\nPromotion as champions was immediate in 1906–07. The club was relegated a second time to the Second Division in 1911, and had to seek re-election in 1914 after finishing bottom of that tier; as the First World War approached it was in serious financial trouble. The outbreak of the War, along with the benevolence of the committee members, prevented the club going under.\nIn 1919, the Football League First Division was to be expanded from twenty clubs to twenty-two in time for the 1919–20 Football League: Forest was one of eight clubs to campaign for entry, but received only three votes. Arsenal and Chelsea gained the two additional top tier slots.\nIn a turnaround from the first six seasons struggling back in the Second Division, Forest were promoted as champions in 1921–22. They survived each of the first two seasons back in the top flight by one position. In the third season after promotion they were relegated as the division's bottom club in 1924–25. They remained in the second tier until relegation in 1949 to the Football League Third Division.\n\n\n=== Re-emergence then decline (1950–1974) ===\nThey were quickly promoted back two years later as champions, having scored a record 110 goals in the 1950–51 season. They regained First Division status in 1957.\nJohnny Quigley's solitary 1958–59 FA Cup semi-final goal beat Aston Villa. Billy Walker's Forest beat Luton Town 2–1 in the 1959 FA Cup final. Like in 1898, Forest had lost heavily to their opponents only weeks earlier in the league. Stewart Imlach crossed for a 10th-minute opener by Roy Dwight (the cousin of Reg Dwight better known as Elton John). Tommy Wilson had Forest 2–0 up after 14 minutes. The game had an unusually large number of stoppages due to injury, particularly to Forest players. This was put down to the lush nature of the Wembley turf. The most notable of these stoppages was Dwight breaking his leg in a 33rd minute tackle with Brendan McNally. Forest had been on top until that point. Luton though gradually took control of the match, with Dave Pacey scoring midway through the second half. Forest were reduced to nine fit men with ten minutes remaining when Bill Whare crippled with cramp, became little more than a spectator. Despite late Allan Brown and Billy Bingham chances Chick Thomson conceded no further goals for Forest to beat the Wembley 1950s 'hoodoo' (where one team was hampered by losing a player through injury). Club record appearance holder Bobby McKinlay played in the final winning team captained by Jack Burkitt.\nBy this time, Forest had replaced Notts County as the biggest club in Nottingham. Johnny Carey assembled a team including Joe Baker and Ian Storey-Moore that for a long spell went largely unchanged in challenging for the 1966–67 Football League title. They beat title rivals Manchester United 4–1 at the City Ground on 1 October. The 3–0 win against Aston Villa on 15 April had Forest second in the table, a point behind United. Injuries eventually took effect, meaning Forest had to settle for being League runners-up and losing in the FA Cup semi-final to Dave Mackay's Tottenham Hotspur.\nThe 1966–67 season's success seemed an opportunity to build upon, with crowds of 40,000 virtually guaranteed at the time. Instead, a mixture at the club of poor football management, the unique committee structure and proud amateurism meant decline after the 1966-67 peak. Forest were relegated from the top flight in 1972. Matt Gillies' October 1972 managerial departure was followed by short managerial reigns by Dave Mackay and Allan Brown. A 2–0 Boxing Day home defeat by Notts County prompted the committee (Forest had no board of directors then) to sack Brown.\n\n\n=== Brian Clough and Peter Taylor (1975–1982) ===\n\nBrian Clough became manager of Forest on 6 January 1975, twelve weeks after the end of his 44-day tenure as manager of Leeds United. Clough brought Jimmy Gordon to be his club trainer, as Gordon had been for him at Derby County and Leeds. Scottish centre-forward Neil Martin scored the only goal in Clough's first game in charge, beating Tottenham Hotspur in an FA Cup third round replay.\nIan Bowyer was already at Forest and had won domestic and European trophies with Manchester City. Clough signed Scots duo John McGovern and John O'Hare in February, who both were part of Clough's Derby County 1971–72 Football League title win. He signed Colin Barrett in March, initially on loan. Clough brought John Robertson and Martin O'Neill back into the fold after they had requested transfers under Brown. Viv Anderson had previously debuted for the first team and became a regular under Clough. The young Tony Woodcock was at Forest but was then unrated by Clough and was to be loaned to Lincoln City. Forest were 13th in English football's second tier when Clough joined. They finished that season 16th. Forest signed Frank Clark in July of that close season on a free transfer. The season after, Forest finished eighth in Clough's 1975–76 Football League first full season in charge. It was in this season, McGovern became long-standing club captain, taking over from a game in which Bob \"Sammy\" Chapman and Liam O'Kane were both injured.\nPeter Taylor on 16 JulyForest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups.NotForest were founder members of the Football Alliance in 1889 before joining the Football League in 1892. They have since mostly competed in the top two League tiers except five seasons in the third tier. Forest won the FA Cup in 1898 and 1959. Their most successful period was in the management reign of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor between 1976 and 1982. With Forest they won the 1977 -- 78 Football League title followed by the 1979 and 1980 European Cups. They also won two Football League Cups at Forest together. After Taylor left Clough won two more League Cups and two Full Members Cups. with the exception of five seasons in the third tier. Its most successful period was under the management of Brian Clough and Peter Taylor in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which included those back-to-back European Cup triumphs in 1979 and 1980.\nIn Clough's last decade at the club, Forest won the 1989 and 1990 League Cups and were losing finalists in the 1991 FA Cup final and 1992 League Cup final, before relegation from the Premier League in 1993. Upon their immediate return, Forest finished third in the Premier League in 1995 before again suffering relegation from the top flight in 1997 and 1999. The team returned to the Premier League by",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "1979–80 European Cup",
"paragraph_text": "–1 on aggregate.\n\nServette won 4–2 on aggregate.\n\nDukla Prague won 4–3 on aggregate.\n\nStrasbourg won 6–1 on aggregate.\n\nAjax won 16–2 on aggregate.\n\nOmonia won 7–3 on aggregate.\n\nCeltic won 4–2 on aggregate.\n\nDundalk won 2–1 on aggregateThe 1979–80 season of the European Cup football club tournament was won by holders Nottingham Forest in the final against Hamburg. The winning goal was scored by John Robertson, who drilled the ball into the corner of the Hamburg net from outside the penalty area. Forest became the only side to win the European Cup more times than their domestic top flight league, a record which still stands.TheThe 1979–80 season of the European Cup football club tournament was won by holders Nottingham Forest in the final against Hamburg. The winning goal was scored by John Robertson, who drilled the ball into the corner of the Hamburg net from outside the penalty area. Forest became the only side to win the European Cup more times than their domestic top flight league, a record which still stands. Preliminary round ==\n\n\n=== First leg ===\n\n\n=== Second leg ===\n\nDundalk won 3–1 on aggregate.\n\n\n== Bracket ==\n\n\n== First round ==\n\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In what year did the victor of the European Cup from the 1979-80 season secure the FA Cup trophy? | [
{
"id": 629030,
"question": "1979–80 European Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Nottingham Forest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 56873,
"question": "when did #1 win the fa cup",
"answer": "1898 and 1959",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| 1898 and 1959 | []
| true | When did the 1979-80 European Cup winner win the FA Cup? |
2hop__587048_621800 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Heinrich Gross (rabbi)",
"paragraph_text": "born Szenicz, Hungarian Kingdom, now Senica, Slovakia, November 6, 1835; died 1910), was a German rabbi. He was a pupil in rabbinical literature of Judah Aszod.Heinrich Gross, writing also as Henri Gross (born Szenicz, Hungarian Kingdom, now Senica, Slovakia, November 6, 1835; died 1910), was a German rabbi. He was a pupil in rabbinical literature of Judah Aszod.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Senica District",
"paragraph_text": "Senica District (\"okres Senica\") is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in Šaštín.Senica District (\"okres Senica\") is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is an industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural, and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nBílkove Humence\nBorský Mikuláš\nBorský Svätý Jur\nCerová\n��áry\n��astkov\n��eský Jánetý\nDojč\nHlboké\nHradište pod Vrátnom\nJablonica\nKoválov\nKuklov\nKúty\nLakšárska Nová Ves\nMoravský Svätý Ján\nOsuské\nPlavecký Peter\nPodbranč\nPrietrž\nPrievaly\nRohov\nRovensko\nRybky\nSekule\nSenica\nSmolinské\nSmrdáky\nSobotište\n��ajdíkove Humence\n��aštín-Stráže\n��tefanov\n\n\n== References ==Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is an industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural, and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nBílkove Humence\nBorský Mikuláš\nBorský Svätý Jur\nCerová\n��áry\n��astkov\n��eský Jánetý\nDojč\nHlboké\nHradište pod Vrátnom\nJablonica\nKoválov\nKuklov\nKúty\nLakšárska Nová Ves\nMoravský Svätý Ján\nOsuské\nPlavecký Peter\nPodbranč\nPrietrž\nPrievaly\nRohov\nRovensko\nRybky\nSekule\nSenica\nSmolinské\nSmrdáky\nSobotište\n��ajdíkove Humence\n��aštín-Stráže\n��tefanov\n\n\n== References ==Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is an industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural, and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nBílkove Humence\nBorský Mikuláš\nBorský Svätý Jur\nCerová\n��áry\n��astkov\n��eský Jánetý\nDojč\nHlboké\nHradište pod Vrátnom\nJablonica\nKoválov\nKuklov\nKúty\nLakšárska Nová Ves\nMoravský Svätý Ján\nOsuské\nPlavecký Peter\nPodbranč\nPrietrž\nPrievaly\nRohov\nRovensko\nRybky\nSekule\nSenica\nSmolinské\nSmrdáky\nSobotište\n��ajdíkove Humence\n��aštín-Stráže\n��tefanov\n\n\n== References ==Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is an industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural, and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nBílkove Humence\nBorský Mikuláš\nBorský Svätý Jur\nCerová\n��áry\n��astkov\n��eský Jánetý\nDojč\nHlboké\nHradište pod Vrátnom\nJablonica\nKoválov\nKuklov\nKúty\nLakšárska Nová Ves\nMoravský Svätý Ján\nOsuské\nPlavecký Peter\nPodbranč\nPrietrž\nPrievaly\nRohov\nRovensko\nRybky\nSekule\nSenica\nSmolinské\nSmrdáky\nSobotište\n��ajdíkove Humence\n��aštín-Stráže\n��tefanov\n\n\n== References ==Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is an industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural, and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nBílkove Humence\nBorský Mikuláš\nBorský Svätý Jur\nCerová\n��áry\n��astkov\n��eský Jánetý\nDojč\nHlboké\nHradište pod Vrátnom\nJablonica\nKoválov\nKuklov\nKúty\nLakšárska Nová Ves\nMoravský Svätý Ján\nOsuské\nPlavecký Peter\nPodbranč\nPrietrž\nPrievaly\nRohov\nRovensko\nRybky\nSekule\nSenica\nSmolinské\nSmrdáky\nSobotište\n��ajdíkove Humence\n��aštín-Stráže\n��tefanov\n\n\n== References ==Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in natural resources oil, gas, lignite. It is an industrial district, in the late period had been established here new industrial facilities. Senica District in its present borders had been established in 1996. Administrative, cultural, and economic center is its seat and largest town Senica. In Senica District is located spa Smrdáky and of cultural importance is also basilica in ��aštín.\n\n\n== Municipalities ==\nBílkove Humence\nBorský Mikuláš\nBorský Svätý Jur\nCerová\n��áry\n��astkov\n��eský Jánetý\nDojč\nHlboké\nHradište pod Vrátnom\nJablonica\nKoválov\nKuklov\nKúty\nLakšárska Nová Ves\nMoravský Svätý Ján\nOsuské\nPlavecký Peter\nPodbranč\nPrietrž\nPrievaly\nRohov\nRovensko\nRybky\nSekule\nSenica\nSmolinské\nSmrdáky\nSobotište\n��ajdíkove Humence\n��aštín-Stráže\n��tefanov\n\n\n== References ==Senica District (okres Senica) is a district in the Trnava Region of western Slovakia. The district is relatively rich in",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In what administrative jurisdiction can we find the birthplace of Heinrich Gross? | [
{
"id": 587048,
"question": "Heinrich Gross >> place of birth",
"answer": "Senica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 621800,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Senica District",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| Senica District | []
| true | What administrative territorial entity does Heinrich Gross's birth place located? |
3hop1__105837_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mizraab",
"paragraph_text": " local music channels. The album is also credited to be the first proper Urdu metal album released in Pakistan.\nAfter the release of their second studio album, Mizraab made a comeback into the lime light with the video for \"Ujalon Main\" in December 2006, which showcased the new band members as well as the change in genre and was well received all over the country. Mizraab's third album was completed in late 2006-2007 but due to the dire state of the music industry in Pakistan, no deal could be reached and the album was shelved.\n\n\n== Current members ==\nFaraz Anwar\nActive: 1997–present\nInstruments: lead vocals, lead guitar\nRelease contributions: Panchi (1999), Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil (2004)\nFaraz Anwar (born July 15, 1977) is a Pakistani guitarist and vocalist, known for his solo instrumental work and his band Mizraab. He has been called \"Pakistan's master of progressive rock.\" In 6th grade he decided to pick up a guitar after seeing a video of guitar virtuoso Yngwie Malmsteen on TV. Faraz got his education from St. Paul and St. Andrews, but left after his matriculation because he wanted to pursue a career in music. At the age of 11, he won Pakistan's national music competition, and at 14 he became a full-time musician. Most of his work consisted of touring with top-tier acts and studio collaborations. One of his projects is a collaboration with Imran Raza, which combines classic rock with such Eastern musical influences as \"South Asian flutes and classical Sufi singing\"; according to The Weekly Standard, it was President Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan who brought the two together.\n\nIrfan Ahmed\nActive: 2002-2010, 2011–present\nInstruments: drums\nRelease contributions: Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil (2004)\nIrfan 'Charlie' Ahmed is a Pakistani director and drummer, known for his work with, progressive rock band, Mizraab. He initially started as a session player for the band playing drums on their debut studio album Panchi (1999). In 2002, Ahmed became a permanent member of the band and played drums on the second studio album of the band Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil (2004). In 2010, when Faraz Anwar went to pursue further education in England, Ahmed left the band. However, after a year when Faraz Anwar returned to Pakistan, Ahmed rejoined the band as its drummer once again. Irfan Ahmed along withMizraab (Urdu: مضراب, literal English translation: \"a plectrum made by hand from a continuous strand of iron used to strike the strings of the sitar\") is a progressive rock and metal band from Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, formed in 1997. Founded by vocalist, lead guitarist and songwriter, Faraz Anwar, the band's initial line-up was with Faraz Anwar on vocals, Khalid Khan on bass and Akhtar Qayyum on percussions, since then there had been many changes in the line-up the only consistent member being Faraz himself. The band have been influential on many contemporary musical artists, and have gained a large cult following despite garnering little radio or music video airplay.MMizraab (Urdu: مضراب, literal English translation: \"a plectrum made by hand from a continuous strand of iron used to strike the strings of the sitar\") is a progressive rock and metal band from Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, formed in 1997. Founded by vocalist, lead guitarist and songwriter, Faraz Anwar, the band's initial line-up was with Faraz Anwar on vocals, Khalid Khan on bass and Akhtar Qayyum on percussions, since then there had been many changes in the line-up the only consistent member being Faraz himself. The band have been influential on many contemporary musical artists, and have gained a large cult following despite garnering little radio or music video airplay. as the first progressive rock album in Pakistan. Faraz Anwar then in 2001 recorded and released An Abstract Point of View through the record label Gnarly Geezer, owned by Allan Holdsworth. The album got rave reviews from musicians all over the world hailing Faraz as a great guitar find from Asia. In 2004, the band, fronted by Faraz, found renewed success and popularity by the release of their second studio album, Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil, which received too much criticism and critical acclaim. The album sold more than 30,000 copies and is the band's highest selling album. Singles from the album like \"Panchi\" and \"Kitni Sadian\" received a lot of airtime on local music channels. The album is also credited to be the first proper Urdu metal album released in Pakistan.\nAfter the release of their second studio album, Mizraab made a comeback into the lime light with the video for \"Ujalon Main\" in December 2006, which showcased the new band members as well as the change in genre and was well received all over the country. Mizraab's third album was completed in late 2006-2007 but due to the dire state of the music industry in Pakistan, no deal could be reached and the album was shelved.\n\n\n== Current members ==\nFaraz Anwar\nActive: 1997–present\nInstruments: lead vocals, lead guitar\nRelease contributions: Panchi (1999), Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil (2004)\nFaraz Anwar (born July 15, 1977) is a Pakistani guitarist and vocalist, known for his solo instrumental work and his band Mizraab. He has been called \"Pakistan's master of progressive rock.\" In 6th grade he decided to pick up a guitar after seeing a video of guitar virtuoso Yngwie Malmsteen on TV. Faraz got his education from St. Paul and St. Andrews, but left after his matriculation because he wanted to pursue a career in music. At the age of 11, he won Pakistan's national music competition, and at 14 he became a full-time musician. Most of his work consisted of touring with top-tier acts and studio collaborations. One of his projects is a collaboration with Imran Raza, which combines classic rock with such Eastern musical influences as \"South Asian flutes and classical Sufi singing\"; according to The Weekly Standard, it was President Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan who brought the two together.\n\nIrfan Ahmed\nActive: 2002-2010, 2011–present\nInstruments: drums\nRelease contributions: Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil (2004)\nIrfan 'Charlie' Ahmed is a Pakistani director and drummer, known for his work with, progressive rock band, Mizraab. He initially started as a session player for the band playing drums on their debut studio album Panchi (1999). In 2002, Ahmed became a permanent member of the band and played drums on the second studio album of the band Maazi, Haal, Mustaqbil (2004). In 2010, when Faraz Anwar went to pursue further education in England, Ahmed left the band. However, after a year when Faraz Anwar returned to Pakistan, Ahmed rejoined the band as its drummer once again. Irfan Ahmed along withMizraab (Urdu: مضراب, literal English translation: \"a p",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": " thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.Opposition to the Partition of India was widespread in British India in the 20th century and it continues to remain a talking point in South Asian politics. Those who opposed it often adhered to the doctrine of composite nationalism in the Indian subcontinent. The Hindu, Christian, Anglo-Indian, Parsi and Sikh communities were largely opposed to the Partition of India (and its underlying two-nation theory), as were many Muslims (these were represented by the All India Azad Muslim Conference).\nPashtun politician and Indian independence activist Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the Khudai Khidmatgar viewed the proposal to partition India as un-Islamic and contradicting a common history in which Muslims considered India as their homeland for over a millennium. Mahatma Gandhi opined that \"Hindus and Muslims were sons of the same soil of India; they were brothers who therefore must strive to keep India free and united.\"\nSunni Muslims of the Deobandi school of thought regarded the proposed partition and formation of a separate, majority Muslim nation state (i.e. the future Pakistan) as a \"conspiracy of the colonial government to prevent the emergence of a strong united India\". Deobandis therefore helped to organize the Azad Muslim Conference, to condemn the partition of India. They also argued that the economic development of Muslims would be hurt if India was partitioned, seeing the idea of partition as one that was designed to keep Muslims backward. They also expected \"Muslim-majority provinces in united India to be more effective than the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar SayyidAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) andThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India. around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Since ancient times, Hindu has been used to refer to people inhibiting region beyond the Sindhu river, therefore some assumptions that medieval Persian authors considered Hindu as derogatory is not accepted by practicing Hindus themselves as those references are much later to references used in pre-Islamic Persian sources, early Arab and Indian sources, all of them had positive connotation only as they either referred to region or followers of Hinduism.\nThe historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear. Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it may have developed post-8th century CE after the Muslim invasions and medieval Hindu–Muslim wars. A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and Bengali. The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir, Tulsidas and Eknath used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the definition in the Arabic dictionary of a term referring to the predominant religion in the region that turned into India, at the time when Mizraab's country of origin was established? | [
{
"id": 105837,
"question": "The country of origin for Mizraab is what?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
]
| true | what is meaning of the word that is a majority religion of the area that became India when the country origin of Mizraab was created in Arabic dictionary? |
3hop1__152880_131926_87157 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_text": " major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its wellMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city.Minneapolis, officially the City of Minneapolis, is a city in and the county seat of Hennepin County, Minnesota, United States. With a population of 429,954, it is the state's most populous city as of the 2020 census. It occupies both banks of the Mississippi River and adjoins Saint Paul, the state capital of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Saint Paul, and the surrounding area are collectively known as the Twin Cities, a metropolitan area with 3.69 million residents. Minneapolis is built on an artesian aquifer on flat terrain, and is known for cold, snowy winters and hot, humid summers. Nicknamed the \"City of Lakes\", Minneapolis is abundant in water, with thirteen lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks, and waterfalls. The city's public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century. A Minneapolis Depression-era labor strike brought about federal worker protections. Work in Minneapolis contributed to the computing industry, and the city is the birthplace of General Mills, the Pillsbury brand, Target Corporation, and Thermo King mobile refrigeration.\nThe city's major arts institutions include the Minneapolis Institute of Art, the Walker Art Center, and the Guthrie Theater. Four professional sports teams play downtown. Prince is survived by his favorite venue, the First Avenue nightclub. Minneapolis is home to the University of Minnesota's main campus. The city's public transport is provided by Metro Transit, and the international airport, serving the Twin Cities region, is located towards the south on the city limits.\nResidents adhere to more than fifty religions. Despite its well-regarded quality of life, Minneapolis faces a pressing challenge in the form of stark disparities among its residents—arguably the most critical issue confronting the city in the 21st century. Governed by a mayor-council system, Minneapolis has a political landscape dominated by the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor PartyMinneapolis lies on both banks of the Mississippi River, just north of the river's confluence with the Minnesota River, and adjoins Saint Paul, the state's capital. The city is abundantly rich in water, with 13 lakes, wetlands, the Mississippi River, creeks and waterfalls; many connected by parkways in the Chain of Lakes and the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway. It was once the world's flour milling capital and a hub for timber. The city and surrounding region is the primary business center between Chicago and Seattle. As of 2018, Minneapolis was home to 6 Fortune 500 companies, and the Twin Cities were the fifth-largest hub of major corporate headquarters in the United States. As an integral link to the global economy, Minneapolis is categorized as a global city. public park system is connected by the Grand Rounds National Scenic Byway.\nDakota people originally inhabited the site of today's Minneapolis. European colonization and settlement began north of Fort Snelling along Saint Anthony Falls—the only natural waterfall on the Mississippi River. The city's early growth was attributed to its proximity to the fort and the falls providing power for industrial activity. Minneapolis was the 19th-century lumber and flour milling capital of the world, and as home to the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, it has preserved its financial clout into the 21st century",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Astronautalis",
"paragraph_text": " 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark TheCharles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), better known by his stage name Astronautalis, is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Brooklyn, New York.\n\n\nCharles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.== History ==\nAfter gaining some recognition in local circles in Jacksonville, Florida and competing at Scribble Jam, Astronautalis self-released his debut album, You and Yer Good Ideas, in 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark TheCharles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), known by his stage name 'Astronautalis', is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.Charles Andrew Bothwell (born December 13, 1981), better known by his stage name Astronautalis, is an American alternative hip hop artist currently based in Brooklyn, New York.\n\n\n== History ==\nAfter gaining some recognition in local circles in Jacksonville, Florida and competing at Scribble Jam, Astronautalis self-released his debut album, You and Yer Good Ideas, in 2003. He eventually signed with Fighting Records and the record was re-released in 2005, followed by his second album, The Mighty Ocean and Nine Dark Theaters, in 2006. He released the third album, Pomegranate, on Eyeball Records in 2008. In winter 2009, he toured with the Canadian indie rock band Tegan and Sara through Europe, and supported them again through the spring of 2010 in Australia. His fourth album, This Is Our Science, was released on Fake Four Inc. in 2011. His latest release, Cut the Body Loose, was released in 2016.\nAstronautalis is a descendant of James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, which is one of the reasons why his lyrics often deal with historical fiction.\n\n\n== Style ==\nAstronautalis has been described as \"if Beck were a decade or so younger and had grown up more heavily immersed in hip-hop,\" with his rapping style noted for \"blending styles of indie rock, electro, and talkin’ blues\" with hip-hop. He has described himself as",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_text": " for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory, due to the river's strategic importance to the Confederate war effort. Because of the substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that replaced steamboats, the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees, locks and dams, often built in combination. A major focus of this work has been to prevent the lower Mississippi from shifting into the channel of the Atchafalaya River and bypassing New Orleans.\nSince the 20th century, the Mississippi River has also experienced major pollution and environmental problems — most notably elevated nutrient and chemical levels from agricultural runoff, the primary contributor to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.\n\n\n== Name and significance ==\nThe word Mississippi itself comes from Misi zipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe (The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.TheThe Mississippi River is the chief river of the second - largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. Flowing entirely in the United States (although its drainage basin reaches into Canada), it rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 31 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth - longest and fifteenth - largest river in the world by discharge. The river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana.\nNative Americans have lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries for thousands of years. Most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural and urban civilizations. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the native way of life as first explorers, then settlers, ventured into the basin in increasing numbers. The river served sometimes as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and throughout as a vital transportation artery and communications link. In the 19th century, during the height of the ideology of manifest destiny, the Mississippi and several tributaries, most notably its largest, the Ohio and Missouri, formed pathways for the western expansion of the United States. The river became the subject of American literature, particularly in the writings of Mark Twain.\nFormed from thick layers of the river's silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile regions of the United States; steamboats were widely used in the 19th and early 20th centuries to ship agricultural and industrial goods. During the American Civil War, the Mississippi's capture by Union forces marked a turning point towards victory, due to the river's strategic importance to the Confederate war effort. Because of the substantial growth of cities and the larger ships and barges that replaced steamboats, the first decades of the 20th century saw the construction of massive engineering works such as levees, locks and dams, often built in combination. A major focus of this work has been to prevent the lower Mississippi from shifting into the channel of the Atchafalaya River and bypassing New Orleans.\nSince the 20th century, the Mississippi River has also experienced major pollution and environmental problems — most notably elevated nutrient and chemical levels from agricultural runoff, the primary contributor to the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.\n\n\n== Name and significance ==\nThe word Mississippi itself comes from Misi",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In which direction does the water body run, that is situated by the city where Astronautalis originates? | [
{
"id": 152880,
"question": "What city is Astronautalis from?",
"answer": "Minneapolis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 131926,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "Mississippi River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 87157,
"question": "what is the direction of flow of #2",
"answer": "rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| rises in northern Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards | [
"Minnesota"
]
| true | What is the direction of flow of the body of water by the city that Astronautalis is from? |
2hop__161151_42352 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "French and Indian War",
"paragraph_text": " military protection. In addition, the American people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indigenous territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War.\nThe first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used more regular troops alongside colonial militia. They returned almost none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane. The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana.\n\n\n== Warfare ==\n\n\n=== Operational goals ===\n\nThe belligerents strove in general to control the major transportation and trade routes, not just the sea routes that connected the colonies with the mother country, or the land routes that existed between the different colonies, but also the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America. These were normally along lakes and rivers and stretching from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Many indigenous Nations lived by these routes, and became involved in the wars between the great powers of Europe. The belligerents built fortified positions at major transportation hubs and requested the help of the local indigenous population to defend these, and to attack enemy positions.\n\n\n=== European tactics ===\n\nA common view is that European combat methods and military tactics were not adapted to the American forests and to the indigenous art of war. It is therefore conjectured that the English colonists designed new combat techniques, inspired by the Indigenous combat methods. These techniques, which included cover and stressed ambushes, is supposed to have been the reason why the colonists finally defeated the French, and then the British army during the American Revolutionary War. In reality, however, the French and Indian wars were finally won by Britain through the application of traditional European tactics. The Fortress of Louisbourg surrendered twice after sieges conducted according to the rules of European warfare, and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1759 was a European battle fought in closed formations in the open.\n\n\n=== Petty warfare ===\nAlthough ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called la Petite guerre, or today's guerilla warfare. The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence the French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade, mutually profitable for both French and indigenous peoples; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was the largest achievement of the petty warfare tactics. But at the end of the French and Indian War British numerical superiority became overwhelming, in spite of almost the whole male population of CanadaThe French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies. At the start of the war, the French North American colonies had a population of roughly 60,000 European settlers, compared with 2 million in the British North American colonies. The outnumbered French particularly depended on the Indians. Long in conflict, the metropole nations declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into an intercontinental conflict. War\") or refers to the wars as the Intercolonial Wars.\nAs the wars proceeded, the military advantage moved toward the British side. This was chiefly the result of the greater population and productive capacity of the British colonies compared with those of France. In addition, the British had the greater ability to resupply their colonies and project military power by sea. In the first three conflicts, the French were able to offset these factors largely by more effective mobilization of Indigenous allies, but they were finally overwhelmed in the fourth",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bison antiquus",
"paragraph_text": "2. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. calBison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.BBison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.ison.\n\n\n== History of discovery ==\nThe first described remains of Bison antiquus were collected at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky in Pleistocene deposits in the 1850s and only consisted of a fragmentary posterior skull and a nearly complete horn core. The fossil (ANSP 12990) was briefly described by Joseph Leidy in 1852. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. calBison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.Bison antiquus, the antique bison or ancient bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in Late Pleistocene North America until around 10,000 years ago. Bison antiquus was one of the most common large herbivores in Late Pleistocene North America. It is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.\n\n\n== History of discovery ==\nThe first described remains of Bison antiquus were collected at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky in Pleistocene deposits in the 1850s and only consisted of a fragmentary posterior skull and a nearly complete horn core. The fossil (ANSP 12990) was briefly described by Joseph Leidy in 1852. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. californicus, by Samuel Rhoads in 1897, but the species is considered synonymous with B. antiquus.:��759–760�� Since the 19th century, several well preserved specimens of B. antiquus have been discovered in many parts of the United States, Canada, and southern Mexico.\n\n\n== Description ==\nB. antiquus was taller, had larger bones and horns, and was 15 to 25% larger overall than modern bison. It reached up to 2.27 m (7.4 ft) tall, 4.6 m (15 ft) long, and a weight of 1,588 kg (3,501 lb), with an average of around 800 kg (1,800 lb). The horns were on average 87 centimetres (2.85 ft) across tip to tip, but could be as much as 106.7 centimetres (3.50 ft) across.\n\n\n== Evolution ==\nAround 195,000-130,000 years ago, the steppe bison (Bison priscus) crossed the Bering Land Bridge into North America. In North America, B. priscus evolved into the large long-horned Bison latifrons, which then gave rise to B. antiquus sometime prior to 60,000 years ago. B. antiquus became increasingly abundant in parts of midcontinent North America from 18,000 until about 10,000 years ago.\n\n\n== Relationship with humans ==\nOne of the best educational sites to view in situ semifossilized skeletons of over 500 individuals of B. antiquus is the Hudson-Meng archeological site operated by the U.S. Forest Service, 18 mi (29 km) northwest of Crawford, Nebraska. A number of paleo-Indian spear and projectile points have been recovered in conjunction with the animal skeletons at the site, which is dated around 9,700 to 10,000 years ago. The reason for the \"die-off\" of so many animals in one compact location is still in conjecture; some professionals argue it was the result of a very successful paleo-Indian hunt, while others feel the herd died as a result of some dramatic natural event, to be later scavenged by humans. Individuals of B. antiquus of both sexes and a typical range of ages have been found at the site. B. antiquus may have been hunted by Clovis people in North and South Carolina, based on blood residue from Clovis points.\nAccording to internationally renowned archaeologist George Carr Frison, B. occidentalis and B. antiquus both survived the Late Pleistocene period, between about 12,000 and 11,000 years ago, dominated by glaciation (the Wisconsin glaciation in North America), when many other megafauna became extinct. After the extinction of most of the North American megafauna, Native Americans of the Plains and Rocky Mountains depended largely on bison as their major food source.. Frison noted, \"[the] oldest, well-documented bison kills by pedestrian human hunters in North America date to about 11,000 years ago.\" B. antiquus fossils were found in Washington State in recent years, with apparent fracture patterns on bones consistent with stone tools as opposed to carnivorous activity.\n\n\n== Extinction ==\nThe living American bison (Bison bison) is suggested to have evolved from Bison antiquus in central North America at the very end of the Pleistocene. The last populations of B. antiquus became extinct during the early Holocene, around 10,000 years ago.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nDavis, L. B.; Wilson, M. (1978), \"Bison procurement and utilization: A symposium\", Plains Anthropologist Part 2, 23 (82)\nEhlers, J.; Gibbard, P.L. (2004), Quaternary Glaciations: Extent and Chronology 2: Part II North America, Amsterdam: Elsevier, ISBN 0-444-51462-7\nFrison, George C. (August 2000), Prehistoric Human and Bison Relationships on the Plains of North America, Edmonton, Alberta: International Bison Conference\nLeidy, Joseph (1852b), Memoir on the extinct species of American ox, retrieved 20 September 2013\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nConrad, Jim. \"Ancient Bison foot fossil\". The Loess Hills of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Backyard Nature. Retrieved 19 September 2013.\nPaleobiology Database - Bison antiquus(dead link)Bison antiquus, the antique bison or ancient bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in Late Pleistocene North America until around 10,000 years ago. Bison antiquus was one of the most common large herbivores in Late Pleistocene North America. It is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.\n\n\n== History of discovery ==\nThe first described remains of Bison antiquus were collected at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky in Pleistocene deposits in the 1850s and only consisted of a fragmentary posterior skull and a nearly complete horn core. The fossil (ANSP 12990) was briefly described by Joseph Leidy in 1852. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. californicus, by Samuel Rhoads in 1897, but the species is considered synonymous with B. antiquus.:��759–760�� Since the 19th century, several well preserved specimens of B. antiquus have been discovered in many parts of the United States, Canada, and southern Mexico.\n\n\n== Description ==\nB. antiquus was taller, had larger bones and horns, and was 15 to 25% larger overall than modern bison. It reached up to 2.27 m (7.4 ft) tall, 4.6 m (15 ft) long, and a weight of 1,588 kg (3,501 lb), with an average of around 800 kg (1,800 lb). The horns were on average 87 centimetres (2.85 ft) across tip to tip, but could be as much as 106.7 centimetres (3.50 ft) across.\n\n\n== Evolution ==\nAround 195,000-130,000 years ago, the steppe bison (Bison priscus) crossed the Bering Land Bridge into North America. In North America, B. priscus evolved into the large long-horned Bison latifrons, which then gave rise to B. antiquus sometime prior to 60,000 years ago. B. antiquus became increasingly abundant in parts of midcontinent North America from 18,000 until about 10,000 years ago.\n\n\n== Relationship with humans ==\nOne of the best educational sites to view in situ semifossilized skeletons of over 500 individuals of B. antiquus is the Hudson-Meng archeological site operated by the U.S. Forest Service, 18 mi (29 km) northwest of Crawford, Nebraska. A number of paleo-Indian spear and projectile points have been recovered in conjunction with the animal skeletons at the site, which is dated around 9,700 to",
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| What was the population size in the British colonies where one could locate bison antiquus? | [
{
"id": 161151,
"question": "Where can bison antiquus be found?",
"answer": "North American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 42352,
"question": "How many people were in British #1 Colonies?",
"answer": "2 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
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| 2 million | []
| true | How many people were in the British colonies where bison antiquus could be found? |
2hop__245835_762148 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Vince Herman",
"paragraph_text": " External links ==\nVince Herman Official Website\nLeftover Salmon Official Website\nGreat American Taxi Official WebsiteVince Herman is a bluegrass guitarist and singer-songwriter, best known for being one of the founding members of the band Leftover Salmon.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHerman began playing guitar as a child. He discovered David Bromberg & his Big Band while in ninth grade and says it was at that point he knew music was what he wanted to do with his life. He played his first professional gigs in the eleventh grade with local band Eddie and the Night Riders. Herman went to West Virginia University for college and began his music education by playing in a number of bands. He learned from bluegrass legends like Melvin Wine, Mose Coffman, J.P. Fraley and Dewey Balfa.\nAfter college, Herman moved to Colorado and met future bandmate Drew Emmitt. Over the next few years, Emmitt continued to play with the Left Hand String Band and Herman formed the Salmon Heads. The two formed Leftover Salmon a few years later, in 1989, when they combined Emmitt’s newgrass inspired Left Hand String Band and Herman’s Cajun-jugband Salmon Heads. Over the next 16 years, Leftover Salmon toured extensively, was part of the jamband scene, and played at the influential H.O.R.D.E festivals. The band went on hiatus in 2005 \nand Herman formed Great American Taxi, who released their debut album, Streets of Gold, in 2007. Great American Taxi toured extensively and released two more albums, 2009's Reckless Habits and 2011's Paradise Lost. Herman played with Great American Taxi until Leftover Salmon returned in 2013.\nIn 2019, he formed the superVince Herman is a guitarist and singer and songwriter best known for being one of the founding members of Leftover Salmon. Leftover Salmon started in 1989 as somewhat of a melding of the Left Hand String Band and the Salmonheads, and became more and more popular over the sixteen years that followed. The band decided to go their separate ways in 2005, but still play together (billed as Leftover Salmon) on occasion. Since the hiatus, Herman formed a new band named Great American Taxi, who released their debut album in 2007. GAT toured extensively and garnered a following, with hijinx such as joining Peter Rowan on stage, playing a Ficus tree for Moonalice. Often when finishing the first jam of the night he tells the crowd \"I feel a hell of a lot more like I do now than I did a few minutes ago\". Vince toured with GAT until the Leftover Salmon tours called Vince away in 2013. Rumor has it you can find him playing in Oregon these days. Great American Taxi is an ever evolving band with the likes of Todd Snider and Tim Carbone taking the stage since Vince's departure.VVince Herman is a guitarist and singer and songwriter best known for being one of the founding members of Leftover Salmon. Leftover Salmon started in 1989 as somewhat of a melding of the Left Hand String Band and the Salmonheads, and became more and more popular over the sixteen years that followed. The band decided to go their separate ways in 2005, but still play together (billed as Leftover Salmon) on occasion. Since the hiatus, Herman formed a new band named Great American Taxi, who released their debut album in 2007. GAT toured extensively and garnered a following, with hijinx such as joining Peter Rowan on stage, playing a Ficus tree for Moonalice. Often when finishing the first jam of the night he tells the crowd \"I feel a hell of a lot more like I do now than I did a few minutes ago\". Vince toured with GAT until the Leftover Salmon tours called Vince away in 2013. Rumor has it you can find him playing in Oregon these days. Great American Taxi is an ever evolving band with the likes of Todd Snider and Tim Carbone taking the stage since Vince's departure. was part of the jamband scene, and played at the influential H.O.R.D.E festivals. The band went on hiatus in 2005 \nand Herman formed Great American Taxi, who released their debut album, Streets of Gold, in 2007. Great American Taxi toured extensively and released two more albums, 2009's Reckless Habits and 2011's Paradise Lost. Herman played with Great American Taxi until Leftover Salmon returned in 2013.\nIn 2019, he formed the super-group High Hawks with keyboardist Chad Staehly (Hard Working Americans, Great American Taxi), guitarist Adam Greuel (Horseshoes & Handgrenades), bassist Brian Adams (Great American Taxi), drummer Will Trask (Great American Taxi), and fiddler Tim Carbone (Railroad Earth). The band released a self-titled debut album in 2021.\nHerman released his first solo album, Enjoy the Ride, in 2022.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n=== Leftover Salmon ===\nsee Leftover Salmon\n\n\n=== Great American Taxi ===\n\n\n=== High Hawks ===\n\n\n=== Solo ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nVince Herman Official Website\nLeftover Salmon Official Website\nGreat American Taxi Official WebsiteVince Herman is a bluegrass guitarist and singer-songwriter, best known for being one of the founding members of the band Leftover Salmon.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHerman began playing guitar as a child. He discovered David Bromberg & his Big Band while in ninth grade and says it was at that point he knew music was what he wanted to do with his life. He played his first professional gigs in the eleventh grade with local band Eddie and the Night Riders. Herman went to West Virginia University for college and began his music education by playing in a number of bands. He learned from bluegrass legends like Melvin Wine, Mose Coffman, J.P. Fraley and Dewey Balfa.\nAfter college, Herman moved to Colorado and met future bandmate Drew Emmitt. Over the next few years, Emmitt continued to play with the Left Hand String Band and Herman formed the Salmon Heads. The two formed Leftover Salmon a few years later, in 1989, when they combined Emmitt’s newgrass inspired Left Hand String Band and Herman’s Cajun-jugband Salmon Heads. Over the next 16 years, Leftover Salmon toured extensively, was part of the jamband scene, and played at the influential H.O.R.D.E festivals. The band went on hiatus in 2005 \nand Herman formed Great American Taxi, who released their debut album, Streets of Gold,",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Ask the Fish",
"paragraph_text": " explaining the band's popularity with a growing fan base,\" and wrote: \"Skillfully hopping from genre to genre, often within a single song, the band plays with the muscle that a lot of noodling jam bands lack. There's also an ever-present sense of humor... that's as fractured as the band's good-time hippie sound.\"\nDallas Embry of Louisville Music News described the album as \"an hour-long concert of subdued mayhem, jazzy noodling on bluegrass instruments, fish sounds, gibberish and some fine music,\" and commented: \"Put it all together and you have a talented, fun-loving, party down group of guys whom I would love to see in concert.\"\nWriting for The Aspen Times, Stewart Oksenhorn stated that the album featured \"the band's goofiness as much as its musical prowess,\" and remarked that it \"showed the band mixing its zydeco, bluegrass and rock influences... with an environmental message about marine life, delivered with typical eccentricity.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Carnival Time\" (Unknown) - 3:48\n\"Bend in the River\" (Drew Emmitt) - 3:03\n\"Ask the Fish\" (Vince Herman, Traditional) - 8:52\n\"Lonesome Road\" (Emmitt) - 4:23\n\"Two Step au Will/Madame Rosin\" (Balfa, Herman, Traditional) - 5:56\n\"Rueben's Train\" (Traditional) - 5:35\n\"When the Levee Breaks\" (Memphis Minnie) - 9:05\n\"Jokester\" (Vince Farsetta) - 3:36\n\"Stay Away Monday\" (Herman, Sorrentino) - 2:53\n\"Cactus Flower\" (Pritchard) - :30\n\"Hot Corn/Cold Corn\" (Traditional) - 3:41\n\"Come on Home\" (Handy) - 5:03\n\"Rocky Road Blues\" (Bill Monroe) - 3:49\n\"70s Lick\" (Traditional) - :31\n\"Headbag\" (Herman, Jogerst, Vann) - 5:59\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLeftover Salmon:\n\nVince Herman - vocals, acoustic guitar, rubboard\nDrewAsk The Fish is a 1995 (see 1995 in music) live album by Leftover Salmon. It was originally released in 1995, but was reissued once in 1997 by Hollywood Records, and another time in 2001 on Bert Records.AAsk The Fish is a 1995 (see 1995 in music) live album by Leftover Salmon. It was originally released in 1995, but was reissued once in 1997 by Hollywood Records, and another time in 2001 on Bert Records. October 28 and 29, 1994.\nThe album is mentioned in Beth Groundwater's 2009 novel To Hell in a Handbasket.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nIn a review for AllMusic, Brian Beatty noted that the album \"goes a long way toward explaining the band's popularity with a growing fan base,\" and wrote: \"Skillfully hopping from genre to genre, often within a single song, the band plays with the muscle that a lot of noodling jam bands lack. There's also an ever-present sense of humor... that's as fractured as the band's good-time hippie sound.\"\nDallas Embry of Louisville Music News described the album as \"an hour-long concert of subdued mayhem, jazzy noodling on bluegrass instruments, fish sounds, gibberish and some fine music,\" and commented: \"Put it all together and you have a talented, fun-loving, party down group of guys whom I would love to see in concert.\"\nWriting for The Aspen Times, Stewart Oksenhorn stated that the album featured \"the band's goofiness as much as its musical prowess,\" and remarked that it \"showed the band mixing its zydeco, bluegrass and rock influences... with an environmental message about marine life, delivered with typical eccentricity.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Carnival Time\" (Unknown) - 3:48\n\"Bend in the River\" (Drew Emmitt) - 3:03\n\"Ask the Fish\" (Vince Herman, Traditional) - 8:52",
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| Who are the members of the ensemble that is executing the performance of Ask the Fish? | [
{
"id": 245835,
"question": "Ask the Fish >> performer",
"answer": "Leftover Salmon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
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"id": 762148,
"question": "#1 >> has part",
"answer": "Vince Herman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
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| Vince Herman | []
| true | Who is part of the group performing Ask the Fish? |
3hop2__326964_464925_7713 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Yaxing Coach",
"paragraph_text": " Air Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. This was moved to Yangzhou in April 1958, where it was merged with the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance Factory as the Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory, which began producing automobiles (branded Yunhe) and tractors (branded Gongnong), alongside farm equipment. After gaining experience, the factory began producing the JS130/JS140 heavy-duty trucks and JS340 dump trucks in the late 1960s, then began producing the JT661A bus chassis in 1979.\nThe factory was renamed to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Automobile Maintenance and Manufacture Factory (江��省��州汽车修造��) in 1981, and the first JT663 coach was built and delivered to the Eighth Team of Jiangsu Passenger Transportation Co., Ltd. in February 1981. The JT663 was the first dedicated bus chassis built and the factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Factory (江��省��州客车制造��) in 1985. The company continued to develop buses, launching the JS6879 coach in 1989 in cooperation with the Xi'an Highway Institute, as the first domestic sleeper coach. The factory was renamed again to the Jiangsu Yangzhou Coach Manufacture Main Factory (江��省��州客车制造总��) in 1990.\nThe JS6971 luxury inter-city tourism coach was launched in 1993, which marked the first use of a domestically-produced rear axle. The Jiangsu Asiastar Bus (Group) Co., Ltd. (江����星客车集��有限公司) was founded in August 1996, followed by the Yangzhou Asiastar Motor Coach Co., Ltd. (��州��星客车��份有限公司 in September 1998, with the approval of the provincial government; Yangzhou Asiastar was then listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in August 1999.\nAsiastar started several joint ventures with western companies, including Mercedes-Benz, to further develop domestic manufacturing and quality controls. In 2009, Weichai Group entered into a strategic framework cooperation agreement with Yangzhou Asiastar and the People's Republic of China and laid the cornerstone for a new Yangzhou factory in 2011. In 2012, Yangzhou Asiastar formed a holding company named Fengtai Bus and Coach International (FTBCI, ���门����汽车). The company's second factory is located in the Xiamen Free Trade Zone, which specializes in electric buses.\n\n\n== Models ==\n\n\n=== Transit Buses ===\n\nJS6106GH\nJS6110SH\nJS6111SHA\nJS6126GHA\nJS6127GHA\nJS6130SH\nJS6761GHA\nJS6770GHA\nJS6811GH\nJS6906GHA\nJS6906GHC\nJS6936GH\n\n\n=== Coaches ===\nJS6882TA\nJS6990TA\nYBL6101H\nYBL6105HE32\nYBL6118H1E31\nYBL6119HJ\nYBL6121H\nYBL6123H\nYBL6123H1E31\nYBL6125H\nYBL6128H\nYBL6128SD\nYBL6796HE3\nYBL6805H\nYBL6856HE3\nYBL6905H1CJ\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n=== Special Buses ===\nYBL5130XQCHE31 Police Bus\n\n\n=== Mini Buses ===\nJS6550T\nJS6600T\nJS6608TA\nJS6608TB\nJS6739TA\nJS6752T\nJS6830GHDP (exclusive to Canadian and US markets)\nYZL6701TA\n\n\n=== School Buses ===\nJS6600XC\nJS6660XC\nJS6730XC\nJS6790XC\n\n\n=== Vans ===\nEurise\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nChinese Wikipedia page\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nYaxing Coach webpageYangzhou Asiastar Bus Co., Ltd is a bus manufacturer basedYaxing Coach (Yangzhou Yaxing Motor Coach Co., Ltd) is a bus manufacturer based in Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China. It is a subsidiary of Jiangsu Yaxing that was founded in 1998. Buses are produced under the \"Yaxing\", \"Yangtse（Yangzlv）\", and more recently Asiastar brands.",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Michael Shen Fu-Tsung",
"paragraph_text": "Michael Alphonsius Shen Fu-Tsung, also Michel Sin, Michel Chin-fo-tsoung, Shen Fo-tsung, Shen Fuzong (, died 1691), was a Chinese mandarin from Nanjing and a convert to Catholicism who was brought to Europe by the Flemish Jesuit priest Philippe Couplet, Procurator of the China Jesuit Missions in Rome. They left Macao in 1681 and visited together Flanders, Italy, France, and England. He later became a Jesuit in Portugal and died near Mozambique while returning home.Michael Alphonsius Shen Fu-Tsung, also Michel Sin, Michel Chin-fo-tsoung, Shen Fo-tsung, Shen Fuzong (, died 1691), was a Chinese mandarin from Nanjing and a convert to Catholicism who was brought to Europe by the Flemish Jesuit priest Philippe Couplet, Procurator of the China Jesuit Missions in Rome. They left Macao in 1681 and visited together Flanders, Italy, France, and England. He later became a Jesuit in Portugal and died near Mozambique while returning home.Michael Alphonsus Shen Fu-Tsung, SJ, also known as Michel Sin, Michel Chin-fo-tsoung, Shen Fo-tsung, or Shen Fuzong (Chinese: �������; pinyin: Shěn Fúzōng; Wade–Giles: Shen Fu-tsung, c.��1658 – 1691), was a Chinese mandarin and Jesuit from Nanking. \nHe was a convert to Catholicism who was brought to Europe by the Flemish Jesuit priest Philippe Couplet, Procurator of",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_text": " the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n=== Long drop ===\n\nThe long-drop process, also known as the measured drop, was introduced to Britain in 1872 by William Marwood as a scientific advance on the standard drop. Instead of everyone falling the same standard distance, the person's height and weight were used to determine how much slack would be provided in the rope so that the distance dropped would be enough to ensure that the neck was broken,Archaeological discovery shows that \"Nanjing Man\" lived in more than 500 thousand years ago. Zun, a kind of wine vessel, was found to exist in Beiyinyangying culture of Nanjing in about 5000 years ago. In the late period of Shang dynasty, Taibo of Zhou came to Jiangnan and established Wu state, and the first stop is in Nanjing area according to some historians based on discoveries in Taowu and Hushu culture. According to legend,[which?] Fuchai, King of the State of Wu, founded a fort named Yecheng (冶城) in today's Nanjing area in 495 BC. Later in 473 BC, the State of Yue conquered Wu and constructed the fort of Yuecheng (越城) on the outskirts of the present-day Zhonghua Gate. In 333 BC, after eliminating the State of Yue, the State of Chu built Jinling Yi (金陵邑) in the western part of present-day Nanjing. It was renamed Moling (秣陵) during reign of Qin Shi Huang. Since then, the city experienced destruction and renewal many times.[citation needed] The area was successively part of Kuaiji, Zhang and Danyang prefectures in Qin and Han dynasty, and part of Yangzhou region which was established as the nation's 13 supervisory and administrative regions in the 5th year of Yuanfeng in Han dynasty (106 BC). Nanjing was later the capital city of Danyang Prefecture, and had been the capital city of Yangzhou for about 400 years from late Han to early Tang..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended",
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| For how long was the hometown of Michael Shen Fu-Tsung considered the capital city for Yaxing Coach's main base? | [
{
"id": 326964,
"question": "Yaxing Coach >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Yangzhou",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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{
"id": 464925,
"question": "Michael Shen Fu-Tsung >> place of birth",
"answer": "Nanjing",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
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{
"id": 7713,
"question": "How long had #2 been the capital city of #1 ?",
"answer": "about 400 years",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
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| about 400 years | []
| true | How long had Michael Shen Fu-Tsung's birthplace been the capitol city of Yaxing Coach's headquarters location? |
2hop__593633_82341 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Ocala, Florida",
"paragraph_text": " Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of Central Florida, and the World Equestrian Center.\n\n\n== History ==\n \nOcala is named after Ocale (also Cale, Etocale, and other variants) a Timucua village and chiefdom recorded in the 16th century, the name of which is believed to mean \"Big Hammock\" in the Timucua language. Another possible meaning of the name is \"song or singer of admiration or glorification\". The Spaniard Hernando de Soto's expedition recorded Ocale in 1539 during his exploration through what is today the southeastern United States. The site of Ocale has not been found, but historians believe it was located in southwestern Marion County, near the Withlacoochee River. References to Ocale, Olagale, and Etoquale occur in 16th and early 17th century sources, but do not specify a location. A Spanish mission named San Luis de Eloquale was established by 1630. Milanich believes the mission was near the Withlacoochee River. Eloquale is not named in a 1655 list of missions, and Ocale (and its variants) disappears from history.\nIn the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Creek people and other Native Americans, and free and fugitive African Americans sought refuge in Florida. The Seminole people formed. After foreign colonial rule shifted between Spain and Great Britain and back again, in 1821 the United States acquired the territory of Florida. After warfare to the north, in 1827 the U.S. Army built Fort King near the present site of Ocala as a buffer between the Seminole, who had long occupied the area, and white settlers moving into the region. The fort was an important base during the Second Seminole War and later served in 1844 as the first courthouse for Marion County.\nThe modern city of Ocala, which was established in 1849, developed around the fort site. Greater Ocala is known as the \"Kingdom of the Sun\". Plantations and other agricultural development dependent on slave labor were prevalent in the region. Ocala was an important center of citrus production until the Great Freeze of 1894–1895. During the Reconstruction era Ocala was represented by several African Americans in the Florida House of Representatives and on the local level.\n\nRail service reached Ocala in June 1881, encouraging economic development with greater access to markets for produce. Two years later, much of the Ocala downtown area was destroyed by fire on Thanksgiving Day, 1883. The city encouraged rebuilding with brick, granite and steel rather than lumber. By 1888, Ocala was known statewide as \"The Brick City\".\nIn December 1890, the Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, a forerunner of the Populist Party, held its national convention in Ocala. At the convention, the Alliance adopted a platform that would become known as the \"Ocala Demands\". This platform included abolition of national banks, promoting low-interest government loans, free and unlimited coinage of silver, reclamation of excess railroad lands by the government, a graduated income tax, and direct election of United States senators. Most of the \"Ocala Demands\" were to become part of the Populist Party platform. \n\nIn the last decades of the twentieth century, the greater Ocala area had one of the highest growth rates in the country for a city its size.\n\n\n=== Ocala Historic District ===\nMany historic homes are preserved in Ocala's large residential Historic District, designated in 1984. East Fort King Street features many excellent examples of Victorian architecture. Ocala structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places include the Coca-Cola Building, the E. C. Smith House, East Hall, the Marion Hotel, Mount Zion AOcala (/ oʊ ˈkælə / oh - KAL - ə) is a city located in Northern Florida. As of the 2013 census, its population, estimated by the United States Census Bureau, was 57,468, making it the 45th most populated city in Florida.rd-most populated city in Florida. Ocala is the principal city of the Ocala metropolitan area, which had a population of 375,908 in 2020.\nHome to over 400 thoroughbred farms and training centers, Ocala is considered the \"Horse Capital of the World\". Notable attractions include the Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Newt Perry",
"paragraph_text": " and he would walk the six miles from Ocala to the springs. In order to earn pocket change, he started teaching local residents to swim for twenty-five cents per lesson. In 1924, Perry became Ocala High School's swim coach and star swimmer; he was only 16 years old at the time. He once swam 25 miles in seven hours, 28 minutes.Newton APerry was born in Valdosta, Georgia in 1908. After living in Tampa for several years, he and his family moved to the Ocala, Florida area in 1922. His father was a railroad conductor, and Ocala represented the midpoint of his train route. Perry was happy to discover that he could swim in the clean, clear water at Silver Springs, and he would walk the six miles from Ocala to the springs. In order to earn pocket change, he started teaching local residents to swim for twenty-five cents per lesson. In 1924, Perry became Ocala High School's swim coach and star swimmer; he was only 16 years old at the time. He once swam 25 miles in seven hours, 28 minutes. In 1924, Perry became Ocala High School's swim coach and star swimmer; he was only 16 years old at the time. He once swam 25 miles in seven hours, 28 minutes. \nPerry attended the University of Florida in nearby Gainesville, and was a member of the Florida Gators swimming and diving team in 1933 and 1934. Perry was born in Valdosta, Georgia in 1908. After living in Tampa for several years, he and his family moved to the Ocala, Florida area in 1922. His father was a railroad conductor, and Ocala represented the midpoint of his train route. Perry was happy to discover that he could swim in the clean, clear water at Silver Springs, and he would walk the six miles from Ocala to the springs. In order to earn pocket change, he started teaching local residents to swim for twenty-five cents per lesson. In 1924, Perry became Ocala High School's swim coach and star swimmer; he was only 16 years old at the time. He once swam 25 miles in seven hours, 28 minutes.Newton A. Perry (January 6, 1908 – November 22, 1987) was an American swimmer, attraction promoter, educator and swimming coach.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nPerry was born in Valdosta, Georgia, in 1908. After living in Tampa for several years, he and his family moved to the Ocala, Florida area in 1922. His father was a railroad conductor, and Ocala represented the midpoint of his train route. Perry was happy to discover that he could swim in the clean, clear water at Silver Springs, and he would walk the six miles from Ocala to the springs. In order to earn pocket change, he started teaching local residents to swim for twenty-five cents per lesson. In 1924, Perry became Ocala High School's swim coach and star swimmer; he was only 16 years old at the time. He once swam 25 miles in seven hours, 28 minutes. \nPerry attended the University of Florida in nearby Gainesville, and was a member of the Florida Gators swimming and diving team in 1933 and 1934. He graduated from the university with a bachelor's degree in education, and later returned to complete a master's degree in education in 1958.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\nPerry learned all he could about swimming, diving and life-guarding. When the American Red Cross published their aquatics safety manual during the ",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| Where in Florida can one locate the death site of New Perry? | [
{
"id": 593633,
"question": "Newt Perry >> place of death",
"answer": "Ocala",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 82341,
"question": "where is #1 in the state of florida",
"answer": "in Northern Florida",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| in Northern Florida | [
"Northern Florida"
]
| true | Where is New Perry's place of death found in Florida? |
3hop1__572324_568433_47686 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": "The Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal. \n\nAfter purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.\nThe bus bays on the south side of the building were decommissioned and the area converted into a Green P paid parking lot. The waiting area and newsstand in the Elizabeth Street Terminal were closed in 2010 with only the bus platform on the north of the building remaining open to the public for bus arrivals. Due to limited space, buses would park overnight along Edward Street and Chestnut Street.\nA renovation of the main terminal building occurred in 1990, tripled the main terminal's floor space to 2,500 square metres, creating more seating for waiting passengers (250 seats rather than 100). This was done by demolishing the interior wall separating the main building from the bus bays and replacing it with a glass wall several metres to the west, reducing the space allotted for bus bays. The bus shed is configured into seven lanes, with room for two buses in each lane.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot",
"paragraph_text": " better. He discovers a town known as Joke-a-lot, where laughter and humour are the order of the day, and soon becomes the area's \"King\". Unknown to the Bear, a rat named Sir Funnybone is using him that way in order to possess an important object called the Royal Sceptre.\nJourney to Joke-a-lot premiered in the United States on October 5, 2004, direct-to-video through Lions Gate, and was subsequently released overseas through Universal Pictures Video. It received generally positive reviews, although the computer animation was singled out. In the midst of this installment's success, Lions Gate released a 2005 sequel, The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie. A soundtrack album, featuring the film's songs and some original tracks, was released by Madacy Kids on the same day as the film's debut.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Care Bears live in a cloud-filled land known as Care-a-lot (\"With All Your Heart\"). One of the Bears, Grumpy, is working on a rainbow carousel for the upcoming Care Bear Fair. His fellow Care Bears come by for a look; one of them, Funshine, loves telling jokes and making the other Care Bears laugh. After they reluctantly agree to try the carousel, it goes out of control and sends them into the sky before crashing down. Grumpy feels even worse after Funshine tries to cheer him up with a joke on height restrictions, which the other Bears find funny. Grumpy is not amused and even goes so far as to tell Funshine that if he doesn't understand that cheering up isn't making fun of, then maybe Funshine doesn't belong in Care-A-Lot. As a result, the Bears force him to make up with Funshine by apologizing. Upon reaching his house, they find no trace of their friend. Reading from a note, Tenderheart Bear realizes that Funshine has felt sorry for Grumpy and has gone in search of a place where his talents can be better appreciated. The other Bears are worried about his fate; as they cannot hold their Fair without him, they decide to look for him regardless and bring him back to Care-a-lot. Five of them— Tenderheart, Grumpy, Wish, Cheer and Share volunteer, while Laugh-a-Lot, Love-a-Lot, Friend, Good Luck, Bedtime, and Champ stay home to get ready for the fair.\nThe day after he runs away (\"Make Em Laugh\") from home, Funshine hears circus music in the distance and strays from his camping spot to find out. Taking a seat on a bumper car, he embarks on a long ride which leads him to Joke-a-lot, a town where humourCare Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot is a 2004 children's animated feature film, produced by Nelvana Limited and released by Lions Gate Home Entertainment. Directed by Mike Fallows and written by Jeffrey Alan Schecter, this was the fourth film to star the Care Bears and their first in 17 years. This was also the first one in the franchise to be computer-animated.CCare Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot is a 2004 children's animated feature film, produced by Nelvana Limited and released by Lions Gate Home Entertainment. Directed by Mike Fallows and written by Jeffrey Alan Schecter, this was the fourth film to star the Care Bears and their first in 17 years. This was also the first one in the franchise to be computer-animated. the fourth film to star the Care Bears and their first in 17 years. This was also the first one in the franchise to be computer-animated.\nThe film centres on Funshine Bear, a Care Bear who loves to laugh and tell jokes. After one of his jokes backfires against Grumpy, another of the Bears, Funshine runs away to find a place where others can appreciate his talents better. He discovers a town known as Joke",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Natalie Turner",
"paragraph_text": " assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton CreativeTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (Animation Exploration) workshop at Visual Arts Brampton Creative Studio.-Doodle. She then moved on to Nelvana in 1991, to work as a character assistant for the television series Rupert and the Cloud Pilot.\nFrom Nelvana, Turner moved on to feature films, working as a character assistant on Titan AE, and an effect assistant on Space Jam for Warner Brothers Animation, Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas at Disney's Toronto animation studios, and Looney Tunes: Back in Action for Warner Brothers Animation.\nTurner is currently a professor for the Classical Animation program at Sheridan College in Oakville. Previously she taught for Max the Mutt Animation School in Toronto. She will teach the fifth year of the Animex (",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In the city that houses the primary office of the company that produced Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot, from which location do the greyhound buses depart? | [
{
"id": 572324,
"question": "Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot >> production company",
"answer": "Nelvana",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 568433,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Toronto Coach Terminal | []
| true | Where do greyhound buses leave from in the city where the headquarters of Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot's production company is located? |
2hop__329676_119915 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Taifa of Ronda",
"paragraph_text": "\n\n\n== References ==The Taifa of Ronda (Arabic: ��ا��فة رندة) was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.\n\n\n== List of Emirs ==\n\n\n=== Yafranid dynasty ===\nAbu Nour: 1039/40–1053/4\nBadis ibn Hilal: 1053/4The Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.TheThe Taifa of Ronda was a medieval Berber taifa kingdom centered in Moorish al-Andalus in what is now southern Spain. It existed from 1039 to 1065. The taifa was ruled by a family from the Berber Banu Ifran tribe of North Africa. Its capital was the city of Ronda. From 1065 until 1091, the taifa was under the control of the Taifa of Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid. Seville, led by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid.\n\n\n== List of Em",
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Francisco Giner de los Ríos",
"paragraph_text": " intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.FFrancisco Giner de los Ríos (10 October 1839 in Ronda, Spain – 18 February 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.== Biography ==\n\nHe studied philosophy in Barcelona and Granada and eventually became professor of the philosophyFrancisco Giner de los Ríos (10 October 1839 in Ronda, Spain – 18 February 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.Francisco Giner de los Ríos (10 October 1839 in Ronda, Spain – 18 February 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\nHe studied philosophy in Barcelona and Granada and eventually became professor of the philosophy of law and of international law at the University of Madrid. He was strongly influenced by the ideas of the Kantian German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (as imported into Spain by Julián Sanz del Río and became an important exponent of \"Krausismo\" in Spain.\nHe openly criticized the government for its attempts to stifle academic freedom. As a consequence, in 1875, he lost his chair at the university, which led to what can be seen as his major achievement: the 1876 foundation of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (Institute of Free Teaching), a private school of higher learning. He dedicated his life to the formation of human beings along coeducation; rationalism; and freedom of teaching, research, and literary communication. The goal was a society in which free citizens would be governed by free citizens on the basis of an adequate education. Because of his \"rational realist\" approach to law, he can also be seen as one of the forerunners of the sociology of law.\nGiner continued his work outside the university, even after he was reinstated in his university chair in 1881. Among the many important people who were at one time or another associated with the Institución Libre de Enseñanza and the related Residencia de Estudiantes were José Ortega y Gasset, Federico García Lorca, Salvador Dalí, Antonio Machado, Luis Buñuel and Miguel de Unamuno.\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nSolomon Lipp: Francisco Giner de los Ríos. A Spanish Socrates. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfried Laurier 1985 ISBN 978-08-89201-59-0\nJ.B. Trend: The Origins of Modern Spain. New York: The Macmillan Company 1934.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nFrancisco Giner de los Ríos. Polymath Virtual Library, Fundación Ignacio LarramendiFrancisco Giner de los Ríos (10 October 1839 in Ronda, Spain – 18 February 1915 in Madrid) was a philosopher, educator and one of the most influential Spanish intellectuals at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\nHe studied philosophy in Barcelona and Granada and eventually became professor of the philosophy of law and of international law at the University of Madrid. He was strongly influenced by the ideas of the Kantian German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (as imported into Spain by Juli",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What year marked the end of existence for the Taifa located in the birthplace of Francisco Giner de los Rios? | [
{
"id": 329676,
"question": "Francisco Giner de los Ríos >> place of birth",
"answer": "Ronda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 119915,
"question": "In which year Taifa of #1 ceased to exist?",
"answer": "1065",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| 1065 | []
| true | In which year did Taifa of Francisco Giner de los Rios' birthplace cease to exist? |
2hop__249867_557232 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Carefree, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " conceived in the mid-1950s by business partners K.T. Palmer and Tom Darlington as a master-planned community. Land sales commenced in 1955 and homebuilding started in 1958. Carefree was incorporated in 1984 to avoid annexation by neighboring Scottsdale.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 2,927 people, 1,389 households, and 995 families residing in the town. The population density was 330.8 inhabitants per square mile (127.7/km2). There were 1,769 housing units at an average density of 200.0 per square mile (77.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98% White, <1% Black or African American, <1% Native American, <1% Asian, <1% from other races, and 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3% of the population.\nThere were 1,389 households, out of which 14.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.5% were married couples, 3.2% had a single owner, and 28.3% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.44.\nIn the town, the population was spread out, with 12.7% under the age of 18, 2.0% from 18 to 24, 15.4% from 25 to 44, 40.5% from 45 to 64, and 29.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 55 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.2 males.\nThe median income for a household in the town was $88,702, and the median income for a family was $105,699. Males had a median income of $61,050 versus $38,750 for females. The per capita income for the town was $62,433. About 2.0% of families and 3.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.2% of those under the age of 18 and 3.2% of those 65 and older.\n\n\n== Geography and climate ==\nCarefree is in northeastern Maricopa County, bordered by the city of Scottsdale to the south and east and by the town of Cave Creek to the west. Carefree and Cave Creek are sometimes thought of as a single community. The two towns share the local landmark Black Mountain, which rises more than 1,000 feet (300 m) above them, to an elevation of 3,398 feet (1,036 m).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, theCarefree is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population of the town is 3,363.CCarefree is a town in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population of the town is 3,363. Area. As of the 2020 United States census, the population of the town was 3,690.\n\n\n== History ==\nCharacterized as an upscale residential area, Carefree was conceived in the mid-1950s by business partners K.T. Palmer and Tom Darlington as a master-planned community. Land sales commenced in 1955 and homebuilding started in 1958. Carefree was incorporated in 1984 to avoid annexation by neighboring Scottsdale.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 2,927 people, 1,389 households, and 995 families residing in the town. The population density was 330.8 inhabitants per square mile (127.7/km2). There were 1,769 housing units at an average density of 200.0 per square mile (77.2/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 98% White, <1% Black or African American, <1% Native American, <1%",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Desert Forest Golf Club",
"paragraph_text": " the Southwestern United States and earning its designer the nickname of \"Desert Fox\". The course was created as a part of the development plans of club founders K.T. Palmer and Tom Darlington, who created the town of Carefree north of Scottsdale in the early 1950s. The course is located in the Sonoran desert at an elevation of about 2400–3000 feet. Very little earth was moved in the creation of the course, resulting in narrow, rolling fairways that follow the natural terrain. It is considered to be the first course in the western deserts to incorporate the desert itself into the course design, instead of imposing eastern designs onto the desert landscape. According to Scott Gummer of Links Magazine, \"Beyond the boundary markers [the designer] staked, nothing was to be touched. Everything was—and remainsDesert Forest Golf Club is a par-72 golf course and club located in Carefree, Arizona. The course is 7201 yards long and located underneath Black Mountain in the Sonoran desert.DesDesert Forest Golf Club is a par-72 golf course and club located in Carefree, Arizona. The course is 7201 yards long and located underneath Black Mountain in the Sonoran desert.== History ==\nDesert Forest Golf Club, Carefree, Arizona, was designed by Robert \"Red\" Lawrence in 1961 and established in 1962, becoming the first desert golf layout in the Southwestern United States and earning its designer the nickname of \"Desert Fox\". The course was created as a part of the development plans of club founders K.T. Palmer and Tom Darlington, who created the town of Carefree north of Scottsdale in the early 1950s. The course is located in the Sonoran desert at an elevation of about 2400–3000 feet. Very little earth was moved in the creation of the course, resulting in narrow, rolling fairways that follow the natural terrain. It is considered to be the first course in the western deserts to incorporate the desert itself into the course design, instead of imposing eastern designs onto the desert landscape. According to Scott Gummer of Links Magazine, \"Beyond the boundary markers [the designer] staked, nothing was to be touched. Everything was—and remainsDesert Forest Golf Club is a par-72 golf course and club located in Carefree, Arizona. The course is 7201 yards long and located underneath Black Mountain in the Sonoran desert.Desert Forest Golf Club is a par-72 golf course and club located in Carefree, Arizona. The course is 7201 yards long and located underneath Black Mountain in the Sonoran desert.\n\n\n== History ==\nDesert Forest Golf Club, Carefree, Arizona, was designed by Robert \"Red\" Lawrence in 1961 and established in 1962, becoming the first desert golf layout in the Southwestern United States and earning its designer the nickname of \"Desert Fox\". The course was created as a part of the development plans of club founders K.T. Palmer and Tom Darlington, who created the town of Carefree north of Scottsdale in the early 1950s. The course is located in the Sonoran desert at an elevation of about 2400–3000 feet. Very little earth was moved in the creation of the course, resulting in narrow, rolling fairways that follow the natural terrain. It is considered to be the first course in the western deserts to incorporate the desert itself into the course design, instead of imposing eastern designs onto the desert landscape. According to Scott Gummer of Links Magazine, \"Beyond the boundary markers [the designer] staked, nothing was to be touched. Everything was—and remains today—in play, from the saguaro, ocotillo, prickly pear and myriad other varieties of cactus to the javelinas, coyotes, roadrunners and rattlesnakes that call the desert home.\"\nGolfweek has consistently ranked Desert Forest among the 50 best golf courses in the United States. Then in 2009 Golf Magazine ranked Desert Forest as the 35th best in the world on its list of the 50 Greatest Courses of the Last 50 Years, making it the only course in the state of Arizona to make that list. Author Jeff Barr named Desert Forest's holes number 7, 13, and 16 as among the most important holes in golf in his book 1001 Golf Holes You Must Play Before You Die. Over time the course has also ranked among the best in the US according to Golf Digest Magazine, which began keeping a list of America's 100 Greatest Golf Courses (first as America's 100 Most Testing Courses) in 1969, a list on which Desert Forest has appeared for a total of 17 of the years since. This makes it one of the most consistently ranked golf courses by the magazine in America.\nIn 2013 Golf Course Architect David Zinkand was engaged to create a new Master Plan for the golf course, and to oversee subsequent construction. The golf course was rebuilt from tee to green, including state of the art infrastructure. Changes and enhancements were made to accommodate the modern game, while staying true to the original Red Lawrence routing and use of the desert. Zinkand has created a master",
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| In which nation can you find the Desert Forest Golf Club? | [
{
"id": 249867,
"question": "Desert Forest Golf Club >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Carefree",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 557232,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Maricopa County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Maricopa County | [
"Maricopa County, Arizona"
]
| true | Which country is the Desert Forest Golf Club located in? |
4hop1__152146_5274_458768_33632 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back asSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group.Sony Music Entertainment (Japan) Inc. (��式会社��ニー・��ュージックエンタテインメント, Kabushiki gaisha Sonī Myūjikku Entateinmento), often abbreviated as SMEJ or simply SME, and also known as Sony Music Japan for short",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "The Right Stuff Records",
"paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was partThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Santa Monica, California",
"paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that wereSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Långa nätter",
"paragraph_text": " jag hade dig förut\", a duet with Lars Winnerbäck.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n==Långa nätter is the debut album by singer-songwriter Melissa Horn, released April 30, 2008, on Sony Music Entertainment. It was produced by Lasse Englund and Jan Radesjö. The album features the singles \"Långa nätter\", \"En famn för mig\" and \"Som jag hade dig förut\", a duet with Lars Winnerbäck.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| On what date does the Feast take place in the city that is home to the headquarters of the record label larger than that of Långa nätter's? | [
{
"id": 152146,
"question": "What was the record label of Långa nätter?",
"answer": "Sony Music Entertainment",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 5274,
"question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?",
"answer": "Universal Music Group.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 458768,
"question": "#2 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Santa Monica",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 33632,
"question": "What day is the #3 Feast held on?",
"answer": "May 4",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| May 4 | []
| true | What day is the Feast held in the city where the headquarters of the only group larger than Långa nätter's record label is located? |
2hop__554167_451128 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Victim of Romance",
"paragraph_text": " groupmates.\" Billboard called Victim of Romance a \"thoroughly delightful collection of Spectoresque rockers and ballads, dreamy blues, and melodic upbeat pop flavored tunes.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Aching Kind\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 3:20\n\"Let the Music Begin\" (Alan Gordon) 3:56\n\"Victim of Romance\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 3:44\n\"Trashy Rumors\" (Michelle Phillips) 4:04\n\"There She Goes\" (Michelle Phillips) 4:19\n\"Paid the Price\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 2:42\n\"Baby as You Turn Away\" (Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb) 3:58\n\"Lady of Fantasy\" (Michelle Phillips) 3:28\n\"Just One Look\" (Gregory Carroll, Doris Payne) 2:44\n\"Where's Mine?\" (Scott Mathews, Ron Nagle) 4:03\n\n\n=== Bonus tracks ===\nBonus tracks on the limited edition, produced in 2005:\n\n \"No Love Today\" (Roger Nichols, Willy Jennings)\n\"Aloha Louie\" (Michelle Phillips, John Phillips)\n\"There She Goes\" (original version) (Michelle Phillips)\n\"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)\" (Rudy Clark)\n\"Trashy Rumors\" (original version) (John Phillips)\n\"Guerita\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\"Aces with You\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\"Champagne and Wine\" (Roy Lee Johnson, Otis Redding, Alan Walden)\n\"Having His Way\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\"You Give Good Phone\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nMichelle Phillips - vocals\nMoon Martin - guitar, backing vocals\nJack Nitzsche - keyboards, percussion, arrangements\nScott Mathews - drums, keyboards, guitar, bass, pedal steel guitar, lap steel guitar, accordion, percussion, vocals, additional production\nBen Benay - guitar, mandolin\nDavid Allen, Jerry Donahue - guitar\nGreg Lee, Tim Drummond - bass\nMichael Boddicker - keyboards\nDon Randi - piano\nGene Estes - percussion\nSteve Douglas - saxophone, percussion\nBob Findley - trumpet\nBilly Guy, Cherie English, Grady Chapman, Jerome Evans, Kathy Ward, Maxine Willard Waters, Tricia Johns - backing vocals\nJerry Jumonville - horn arrangement on \"Just One Look\"\nTechnical\nKim King, Mike Beiriger, Sherry Klein - engineer\nLinda King - cover design, artwork\nTerry O'Neill - front cover photography\n\n\n== References ==Victim of Romance is singer and songwriter Michelle Phillips's first and only solo album, and was released in February 1977 (see 1977 in music). Despite good reviews, the record was unsuccessful and Phillips (previously with The Mamas & the Papas) then favored her acting career. The front cover photography was by Terry O'Neill.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nThe Encyclopedia of Popular Music called the album \"an unexpected triumph,\" writing that Moon Martin's contributions were \"excellent.\" No Depression wrote that Phillips's \"reported lack of confidence in her solo voice proved unfounded as she showed off a command of a spotlight that was previously diffused by her talented groupmates.\" Billboard called Victim of Romance a \"thoroughly delightful collection of Spectoresque rockers and ballads, dreamy blues, and melodic upbeat pop flavored tunes.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Aching Kind\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 3:20\n\"Let the Music Begin\" (Alan Gordon) 3:56\n\"Victim of Romance\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 3:44\n\"Trashy Rumors\" (Michelle Phillips) 4:04\n\"There She Goes\" (Michelle Phillips) 4:19\n\"Paid the Price\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 2:42\n\"Baby as You Turn Away\" (Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb) 3:58\n\"Lady of Fantasy\" (Michelle Phillips) 3:28\n\"Just One Look\" (Gregory Carroll, Doris Payne) 2:44\n\"Where's Mine?\" (Scott Mathews, Ron Nagle) 4:03\n\n\n=== Bonus tracks ===\nBonus tracks on the limited edition, produced in 2005:\n\n \"No Love Today\" (Roger Nichols, Willy Jennings)\n\"Aloha Louie\" (Michelle Phillips, John Phillips)\n\"There She Goes\" (original version) (Michelle Phillips)\n\"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)\" (Rudy Clark)\n\"Trashy Rumors\" (original version) (John Phillips)\n\"Guerita\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\"Aces with You\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\"Champagne and Wine\" (Roy Lee Johnson, Otis Redding, Alan Walden)\n\"Having His Way\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\"You Give Good Phone\" (Michelle Phillips)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nMichelle Phillips - vocals\nMoon Martin - guitar, backing vocals\nJack Nitzsche - keyboards, percussion, arrangements\nScott Mathews - drums, keyboards, guitar, bass, pedal steel guitar, lap steel guitar, accordion, percussion, vocals, additional production\nBen Benay - guitar, mandolin\nDavid Allen, Jerry Donahue - guitar\nGreg Lee, Tim Drummond - bass\nMichael Boddicker - keyboards\nDon Randi - piano\nGene Estes - percussion\nSteve Douglas - saxophone, percussion\nBob Findley - trumpet\nBilly Guy, Cherie English, Grady Chapman, Jerome Evans, Kathy Ward, Maxine Willard Waters, Tricia Johns - backing vocals\nJerry Jumonville - horn arrangement on \"Just One Look\"\nTechnical\nKim King, Mike Beiriger, Sherry Klein - engineer\nLinda King - cover design, artwork\nTerry O'Neill - front cover photography\n\n\n== References ==Victim of Romance is singer and songwriter Michelle Phillips'sVictim of Romance is singer and songwriter Michelle Phillips' first and only solo album, and was released in February 1977 (see 1977 in music). The record was unsuccessful and Phillips (previously with The Mamas & the Papas) then favored her acting career. The front cover photography was by Terry O'Neill.VVictim of Romance is singer and songwriter Michelle Phillips' first and only solo album, and was released in February 1977 (see 1977 in music). The record was unsuccessful and Phillips (previously with The Mamas & the Papas) then favored her acting career. The front cover photography was by Terry O'Neill. Terry O'Neill.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nThe Encyclopedia of Popular Music called the album \"an unexpected triumph,\" writing that Moon Martin's contributions were \"excellent.\" No Depression wrote that Phillips's \"reported lack of confidence in her solo voice proved unfounded as she showed off a command of a spotlight that was previously diffused by her talented groupmates.\" Billboard called Victim of Romance a \"thoroughly delightful collection of Spectoresque rockers and ballads, dreamy blues, and melodic upbeat pop flavored tunes.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\"Aching Kind\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 3:20\n\"Let the Music Begin\" (Alan Gordon) 3:56\n\"Victim of Romance\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 3:44\n\"Trashy Rumors\" (Michelle Phillips) 4:04\n\"There She Goes\" (Michelle Phillips) 4:19\n\"Paid the Price\" (John \"Moon\" Martin) 2:42\n\"Baby as You Turn Away\" (Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, Maurice Gibb) 3:58\n\"Lady of Fantasy\" (Michelle Phillips) 3:28\n\"Just One Look\" (Gregory Carroll, Doris Payne) 2:44\n\"Where's Mine?\" (Scott Mathews, Ron Nagle) 4:03\n\n\n=== Bonus tracks ===\nBonus tracks on the limited edition, produced in 2005:\n\n \"No Love Today\" (Roger Nichols, Willy Jennings)\n\"Aloha Louie\" (Michelle Phillips, John Phillips)\n\"There She Goes\" (original version) (Michelle Phillips)\n\"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)\" (Rudy Clark)\n\"Trashy Rumors\" (original version)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Wilson Phillips",
"paragraph_text": " number one on the Billboard Hot 100.\nThe group has been nominated for five Grammy Awards including Best New Artist, Album of the Year for Wilson Phillips, and Song of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group for \"Hold On\" at the 33rd Annual Grammy Awards, as well as Best Pop Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group for \"You're in Love\" at the 34th Annual Grammy Awards. The group has also been nominated for two American Music Awards, and in 1990, won the Billboard Music Award for Hot 100 Single of the Year for \"Hold On\".\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1989–1991: Formation and Wilson Phillips ===\nThe Wilson sisters and Phillips grew up together in the Los Angeles area in the 1970s and 80s. The three shared a love of music, and developed their singing and vocal harmonies. In 1989, the trio landed a deal with SBK Records.\nAll three are the offspring of prominent musicians; Chynna is the daughter of John and Michelle Phillips of the Mamas & the Papas, and Carnie and Wendy are the daughters of Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys and Marilyn Rovell of the Honeys. Wilson Phillips released their debut album, Wilson Phillips, in 1990. Their debut single, \"Hold On,\" hit number one on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart on June 9, 1990. The single was also number one on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary and became a hit in several other countries; peaking at number two in Australia, number six in the UK,Wilson Phillips is an American vocal group consisting of Carnie Wilson, Wendy Wilson, and Chynna Phillips, the daughters, respectively, of Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys and of John and Michelle Phillips of The Mamas & the PapasWilson Phillips is an American vocal group consisting of Carnie Wilson, Wendy Wilson, and Chynna Phillips, the daughters, respectively, of Brian Wilson of The Beach Boys and of John and Michelle Phillips of The Mamas & the Papas.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is the offspring of the artist who performed Victim of Romance? | [
{
"id": 554167,
"question": "Victim of Romance >> performer",
"answer": "Michelle Phillips",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 451128,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Chynna Phillips",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| Chynna Phillips | []
| true | Who is the child of the Victim of Romance performer? |
2hop__3739_13529 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " entered its first competition in 1927, playing in the Campionat de Catalunya de Basquetbol (Catalan Basketball Championship). During these early years, basketball in Catalonia was dominated by clubs such as CE Europa, Laietà BC and Société Patrie (later CB Atlètic Gràcia) and it was not until the 1940s that FC Barcelona became established as a basketball team. During this decade they won six Copas del Generalísimo de Baloncesto and were runners-up once. In 1956 they were founding members of the Liga Española de Baloncesto and finished as runners-up. In 1959 they won Spanish basketball's first-ever league and cup double.\n\n\n=== Decline in the 1960s ===\nThe 1960s and 1970s saw the team in decline. In 1961 the club president Enric Llaudet dissolved the team in spite of its popularity. However, in 1962, the club was reformed after a campaign by the fans. In 1964 the league's Primera División was cut from fourteen teams to eight and the club found themselves in the Segunda División after not finishing between the two first qualified teams in the relegation playoffs. However they quickly returned to the top division after being crowned Segunda champions in 1965. During the 1970s the club was persistently overshadowed by its rivals Real Madrid and Joventut.\n\n\n=== Revival in the 1980s ===\nIn the 1980s club president Josep Lluís Núñez gave the team his full support with the aim of making the club the best in Spain and Europe. His support produced results and during the decade inspired by their coach Aíto García Reneses and players like Juan Antonio San Epifanio (better known as Epi), Andrés Jiménez, Sibilio, Audie Norris and Solozábal, the club won six Spanish championships, five Spanish cups, two European Cup Winners' Cups, the Korać Cup and the World Championship. However the European Cup remained elusive, ending as runners-up in 1984. In the 1987–88 season Barça won the Copa Príncipe, Liga ACB, Copa del Rey and the Supercopa completing a quadruple.\n\n\n=== Champions of Europe ===\nThe club built on this success during the 1990s, winning a further four Spanish championships and two Spanish cups. They were still unable to win the European Cup despite playing in a further four finals in 1990, 1991, 1996 and 1997. They also made a record six EuroLeague Final Four appearances. The star player during this era was Juan Antonio San Epifanio.\nTheir persistence eventually paid off and in 2003, inspired by Dejan Bodiroga, Gregor Fučka, ��arūnas Jasikevičius and Juan Carlos Navarro, they won the EuroLeague, beating Benetton Treviso 76–65 in front of a packed Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona. They repeated the feat in 2010, defeating Olympiacos by a wide 86–68 in Paris, and that October, they made further history when they beat the two-time defending NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers – including Kobe Bryant and FCB Bàsquet alumnus and Barcelona native Pau Gasol – 92–88 at the Palau Sant Jordi as part of the 2010 NBA Europe Live Tour. The match was also notable for being both a match-up between the reigning NBA and EuroLeague champions and the first time a European team had won against a defending NBA champion. Two FCB Bàsquet players in that game – captain NavarroIn June 1982, Diego Maradona was signed for a world record fee of £5 million from Boca Juniors. In the following season, under coach Luis, Barcelona won the Copa del Rey, beating Real Madrid. However, Maradona's time with Barcelona was short-lived and he soon left for Napoli. At the start of the 1984–85 season, Terry Venables was hired as manager and he won La Liga with noteworthy displays by German midfielder Bernd Schuster. The next season, he took the team to their second European Cup final, only to lose on penalties to Steaua Bucureşti during a dramatic evening in Seville.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "2008 Summer Olympics torch relay",
"paragraph_text": "The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.The outreach director of HRTR, Susan Prager, is also the communication director of \"Friends of Falun Gong\", a quasi-government non-profit funded by fmr. Congressman Tom Lanto's wife and Ambassador Mark Palmer of NED. A major setback to the event was caused by footballer Diego Maradona, scheduled to open the relay through Buenos Aires, pulling out in an attempt to avoid the Olympic controversy. Trying to avoid the scenes that marred the relay in the UK, France and the US, the city government designed a complex security operative to protect the torch relay, involving 1200 police officers and 3000 other people, including public employees and volunteers. Overall, the protests were peaceful in nature, although there were a few incidents such as the throwing of several water balloons in an attempt to extinguish the Olympic flame, and minor scuffles between Olympic protesters and supporters from Chinese immigrant communities.The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of \"one world, one dream\". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the \"Journey of Harmony\", lasted 129 days and carried the torch 137,000 km (85,000 mi) – the longest distance of any Olympic torch relay since the tradition was started ahead of the 1936 Summer Olympics.\nAfter being lit at the birthplace of the Olympic Games in Olympia, Greece on March 24, the torch traveled to the Panathinaiko Stadium in Athens, and then to Beijing, arriving on March 31. From Beijing, the torch was following a route passing through six continents. The torch visited cities along the Silk Road, symbolizing ancient links between China and the rest of the world. The relay also included an ascent with the flame to the top of Mount Everest on the border of Nepal and Tibet, China from the Chinese side, which was closed specially for the event.\nIn many cities along the North American and European route, the torch relay was protested by advocates of Tibetan independence, animal rights, and legal online gambling, and people protesting against China's human rights record, resulting in confrontations at a few of the relay locations. These protests, which ranged from thousands of people in San Francisco, forced the path of the torch relay to be changed or shortened on a number of occasions. The torch was extinguished by Chinese security officials several times during the Paris leg for security reasons, and once in protest in Paris.\nThe attacks on the torch in London and Paris were described as \"despicable\" by the Chinese government, condemning them as \"deliberate disruptions... who gave no thought to the Olympic spirit or the laws of Britain and France\" and who \"tarnish the lofty Olympic spirit\", and vowed they would continue with the relay and not allow the protests to \"impede the Olympic spirit\". Large-scale counter-protests by overseas Chinese and foreign-based Chinese nationals became prevalent in later segments of the relay. No major protests were visible in the Latin America, Africa, and Western Asia legs of the torch relay.\nPrompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a \"crisis\" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. However, he stopped short of cancelling the relay altogether despite calls to do so by some IOC members. The outcome of the relay influenced the IOC's decision to scrap global relays in future editions of the games.\nIn June 2008, the Beijing Games' Organizing Committee announced that the planned international torch relay for the Paralympic Games had been cancelled. The Committee stated that the relay was being cancelled to enable the Chinese government to \"focus on the rescue and relief work\" following the Sichuan earthquake.\n\n\n== Relay elements ==\n\n\n=== Torch ===\n\nThe Olympic Torch",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What date did Barcelona sign the football star who withdrew because of a relay dispute? | [
{
"id": 3739,
"question": "What football star backed out due to relay controversy?",
"answer": "Diego Maradona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 13529,
"question": "When was #1 signed by Barcelona?",
"answer": "June 1982",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
]
| June 1982 | []
| true | When was the football star who backed out due to relay controversy signed by Barcelona? |
3hop2__304722_397371_63959 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Second City derby",
"paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982. Both teams promptly went into decline. Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation battle at Villa Park in March 1986 but were relegated at the end of that season. Villa would be demoted the following campaign. The next time Villa met Blues in a league fixture at Villa Park again was in the Second Division and saw a 2–0 Blues victory. The reverse fixture at St Andrew's was a 2–1 Villa victory with both goals coming from Garry Thompson. The two sides would only meet again in the 1980s in cup competitions. Villa won 7–0 on aggregate when they clashed twice in the 1988–89 League Cup. The same season Villa also won a Full Members Cup clash 6–0.\n\n\n=== The Premier League Era ===\nFollowing the creation of the Premier League, Aston Villa and Birmingham City met twice in the second round of the 1993–94 League Cup. Villa won both matches 1–0. The game at St Andrew's was settled by a Kevin Richardson goal after his keeper Mark Bosnich had saved a penalty from John Frain to keep the game at 0–0. The second leg at Villa Park was notable for a winning goal from Villa's Dean Saunders and a red card for Blues' Paul Tait. Villa went on to win the trophy.\nBlues' promotion to the Premier League in 2002 saw fans eagerly anticipating the first league derbies in 15 years. Blues won both derbies 3–0 and 2–0, respectively. Both matches saw goalkeeping errors by Villa goalkeeper PeterDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442Date Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 \nThe last pre-league FA Cup campaign saw the first competitive \"Second City derby\" occur on Saturday, 5 November 1887. Villa beat Small Heath 4–0 in the fifth round. Tommy Green scored a brace before half-time with Albert Brown and Albert Allen adding to the score in the second half. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. \nThe first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, saw Villa win 2–1 after Birmingham had been promoted to the first division for a two year stint.\nSecond Division Small Heath F.C. took part in the 1900–01 FA Cup, losing in the third round to First division Aston Villa after a replay, Villa's Billy Garraty being the sole scorer over the two fixtures. That season Small Heath finished runners-up in Second Division, so were promoted to the First Division for 1901–02. Villa won 2–0 at Coventry Road Muntz Street with goals by Jack Devey and Joe Bache. In the 1901 Boxing Day fixture, Villa's Jasper McLuckie was the only scorer. At the end of the season Birmingham were relegated back to the Second Division. \nBirmingham were promoted to the First Division in 1903–04 and Second City derbies were played up to 1907–08 when they were relegated. The teams would not meet again in top flight competition until fifteen years later when Birmingham were again promoted to the first division for 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "1894–95 FA Cup",
"paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture.\n\n\n== Third round proper ==\nThe four ThirdThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Duane Courtney",
"paragraph_text": " for York City, who released him in 2011. He then played for Tamworth but left after their relegation to the Conference North to join Alfreton Town in 2014.DCourtney started his career in the youth system of Derby County as a schoolboy and later played for Birmingham City as a trainee. He played for A.F.C. Telford United in the 2004–05 season and after being named their Player of the Season he joined Burnley in the Football League. After making eight appearances for them in one season he was released and joined Welsh Premier League champions The New Saints in 2006. He played for them for three seasons before returning to England with Conference Premier club Kidderminster Harriers in 2009. He left Kidderminster after one season to sign for York City, who released him in 2011. He then played for Tamworth but left after their relegation to the Conference North to join Alfreton Town in 2014.minster after one season to sign for York City, who released him in 2011. He then played for Tamworth but left after their relegation to the Conference North to join AlfretonCourtney started his career in the youth system of Derby County as a schoolboy and later played for Birmingham City as a trainee. He played for A.F.C. Telford United in the 2004–05 season and after being named their Player of the Season he joined Burnley in the Football League. After making eight appearances for them in one season he was released and joined Welsh Premier League champions The New Saints in 2006. He played for them for three seasons before returning to England with Conference Premier club Kidderminster Harriers in 2009. He left Kidderminster after one season to sign for York City, who released him in 2011. He then played for Tamworth but left after their relegation to the Conference North to join Alfreton Town in 2014.Duane Jerome Courtney (born 7 January 1985) is an English semi-professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Midland League Premier Division club Highgate United. He has played in the Football League for Burnley.\nCourtney started his career in the youth system of Derby County as a schoolboy and later played for Birmingham City as a trainee. He played for AFC Telford United in the 2004–05 season and after being named their Player of the Season he joined Burnley in the Championship. After making eight appearances for them in one season he was released and joined Welsh Premier League champions The New Saints in 2006. He played for them for three seasons before returning to England with Conference Premier club Kidderminster Harriers in 2009. He left Kidderminster after one season to sign for York City, who released him in 2011. He then played for Tamworth but left after their relegation to the Conference North to join Alfreton Town in 2014.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Early career ===\nCourtney joined the Derby County youth system as a schoolboy in 1999 before",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When did the team Duane Courtney plays for last defeat the champion of the 1894-95 FA Cup? | [
{
"id": 304722,
"question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner",
"answer": "Aston Villa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 397371,
"question": "Duane Courtney >> member of sports team",
"answer": "Birmingham City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 63959,
"question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1",
"answer": "1 December 2010",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| 1 December 2010 | []
| true | When was the last time Duane Courtney's team beat the winner of the 1894-95 FA Cup? |
2hop__82270_177869 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Helen Pitts Douglass",
"paragraph_text": " graduated from Mount Holyoke College (then called the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary) in 1859. After her graduation, she returned to her parents' home in Honeoye.\nAfter the American Civil War, she taught at the Hampton Institute, a school that educated black men and women. While teaching at the institution, she caused local controversy by accusing several local residents of directing insults and abuse towards her students, resulting in their arrest. In 1882, Helen moved to Uniontown in Washington, D.C. to live with her uncle, where she lived next door to Frederick Douglass's home, Cedar Hill.\n\n\n== Activism ==\nShe was active in the women's rights movement and co-edited The Alpha, with Caroline Winslow, in Washington. In 1882, Douglass hired Helen as a clerk in the office of the Recorder of Deeds in Washington, to which he had just been assigned. Because he was writing his autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass and was often lecturing, Helen aided him frequently in his work.\n\n\n== Marriage to Frederick Douglass ==\n\nDouglass's first wife, Anna Murray Douglass, died on August 4, 1882. After almost a year and a half of depression, Douglass married Helen on January 24, 1884. They were married by the Rev. Francis J. Grimké, a prominent African American preacher. \nThe marriage was generally the subject of scorn by both white and black residents in the town, though the Douglasses were firm in their convictions. \"Love came to me, and I was not afraid to marry the man I loved because of his color,\" she said. Douglass laughingly commented, \"This proves I am impartial. My first wife was the color of my mother and the second, the color of my father.\" \nA main source of support was Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who said: \"In defense of the right to ... marry whom we please – we might quote some of the basic principles of our government [and] suggest that in some things individual rights to tastes should control.\" Helen and Frederick were married for eleven years, until his sudden death from a heart attack in 1895. They did not have any children together. Frederick had five children with his first wife Anna: Lewis, Frederick Jr., Charles, Rosetta, and Annie.\n\n\n=== Building a memorial to Frederick Douglass ===\nDouglass's will left Cedar Hill to Helen, but it lacked the number of witnesses needed in bequests of real estate and was ruled invalid. Helen suggested to his children and their spouses that they agree to set Cedar Hill apart as a memorial to their father and deed it to a board of trustees. The children declined, insisting that the estate be sold and the money divided among all the heirs.\nWith borrowed money, Helen bought the property, and then devoted the rest of her life to planning and establishing the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association. Besides effecting passage of the law incorporating the association, she worked to raise funds to maintain the estate. For eight years, she lectured throughout the northeast.\nDuring the last year of her life, Helen was ill and unable to lecture, as well as discouraged by the falling off of contributions for her cause. She begged the Rev. Francis Grimke not to let her work fall by the wayside in her absence. He suggested that if the mortgage on Cedar Hill should not be paid off in her lifetime, money from the sale of the property should go to two college scholarships in her and Frederick's names. She agreed on the condition that the scholarships be in Douglass's name only.\n\n\n== Death ==\nHelen Pitts Douglass died in 1903, aged 65 years old. She wished to be buried on the site of Cedar Hill but laws at this time prevented it. She had no funeral or memorial service and was quietly buried next to Frederick Douglass in Rochester. After her death, the $5,500 mortgage was reduced to $4,000, and the National Association of Colored Women, led by Mary B. Talbert of Buffalo, New York, raised funds to buy Cedar Hill. \nNow administered by the National Park Service, the home is open for tours to inform visitors of Douglass's contributions to freedom.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of suffragists and suffragettes\nTimeline of women's suffrage\nFirst-wave feminism\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nHelen Pitts Douglas biography - from the Anna Murray Douglass History of Rochester NY at Mt. Hope Cemetery\nThe Many Lives of Frederick Douglass\nDouglas Timeline\nPhoto Gallery\nHelen Pitts Douglass at Find a GraveHelen Pitts Douglass (1838–1903) was an American suffragist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association, which became the Frederick Douglass National Historic Site.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nShe was born in Honeoye, New York, in 1838. Her parents were activists in the abolitionist and suffragist movements. Pitts graduated from Mount Holyoke College (then called the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary) in 1859. After her graduation, she returned to her parents' home in Honeoye.\nAfter the American Civil War, she taught at the Hampton Institute, a school that educated black men and women. While teaching at the institution, she caused local controversy by accusing several local residents of directing insults and abuse towards her students, resulting in their arrest. In 1882, Helen moved to Uniontown in Washington, D.C. to live with her uncle, where she lived next door to Frederick Douglass's home, Cedar Hill.\n\n\n== Activism ==\nShe was active in the women's rights movement and co-edited The Alpha, with Caroline Winslow, in Washington. In 1882, Douglass hired Helen as a clerk in the office of the Recorder of Deeds in Washington, to which he had just been assigned. Because he was writing his autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass and was often lecturing, Helen aided him frequently in his work.\n\n\n== Marriage to Frederick Douglass ==\n\nDouglass's first wife, Anna Murray Douglass, died on August 4, 1882. After almost a year and a half of depression, Douglass married Helen on January 24, 1884. They were married by the Rev. Francis J. Grimké, a prominent African American preacher. \nThe marriage was generally the subject of scorn by both white and black residents in the town, though the Douglasses were firm in their convictions. \"Love came to me, and I was not afraid to marry the manHelen Pitts Douglass (1838–1903) was an American suffragist and abolitionist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association.HHelen Pitts Douglass (1838–1903) was an American suffragist and abolitionist, known for being the second wife of Frederick Douglass. She also created the Frederick Douglass Memorial and Historical Association. Frederick Douglass National Historic Site.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nShe was born in Honeoye, New York, in 1838. Her parents were activists in the abolitionist and suffragist movements. Pitts graduated from Mount Holyoke College (then called the Mount Holyoke Female Seminary) in 1859. After her graduation, she returned to her parents' home in Honeoye.\nAfter the American Civil War, she taught at the Hampton Institute, a school that educated black men and women. While teaching at the institution, she caused local controversy by accusing several local residents of directing insults and abuse towards her students, resulting in their arrest. In 1882, Helen moved to Uniontown in Washington, D.C. to live with her uncle, where she lived next door to Frederick Douglass's home, Cedar Hill.\n\n\n== Activism ==\nShe was active in the women's rights movement and co-edited The Alpha, with Caroline Winslow, in Washington. In 1882, Douglass hired Helen as a clerk in the office of the Recorder of Deeds in Washington, to which he had just been assigned. Because he was writing his autobiography, Life and Times of Frederick Douglass and was often lecturing, Helen aided him frequently in his work.\n\n\n== Marriage to Frederick Douglass ==\n\nDouglass's first wife, Anna Murray Douglass, died on August 4, 1882. After almost a year and a half of depression, Douglass married Helen on January 24, 1884. They were married by the Rev. Francis J. Grimké, a prominent African American preacher. \nThe marriage was generally the subject of scorn by both white and black residents in the town, though the Douglasses were firm",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 19,
"title": "African-American candidates for President of the United States",
"paragraph_text": " a contender\" for the presidency in 1888 and had previously received a roll call vote in 1848 for a minor political party's presidential nomination. \n\n\n== 20th century ==\n\n\n=== George Edwin Taylor ===\nIn 1904, George Edwin Taylor was president of the National Negro Democratic League. Since 1890 white Southern Democrats had been enacting state laws or constitutional changes that effectively disfranchised most Black voters and were imposing segregation through “Jim Crow” laws. Northern Democrats seemed unwilling and unable to control the excesses of their Southern parties. The National Negro Democratic League was fractured by the debate over the issue of linking the nation's currency to silver as well as to gold. By 1904, Taylor was positioned to abandon the party and bureau that he had led as president for two terms. It was not a good time to be a Black Democrat. This was close to the nadir of race relations, when the number of lynchings of blacks in the South was high. In addition, scientific racism was gaining acceptance within the nation's intellectual and scientific community.\nIn 1904 the executive committee of the newly formed National Negro Liberty Party asked \"Judge\" Taylor to be their candidate for the office of president of the United States. That party started in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 189In 1888 Frederick Douglass was invited to speak at the Republican National Convention. Afterward during the roll call vote, he received one vote, so was nominally a candidate for the presidency. In those years, the candidates for the presidency and vice presidency were chosen by state representatives voting at the nominating convention. Many decisions were made by negotiations of state and party leaders ``behind closed doors. ''Douglass was not a serious candidate in contemporary terms.In 1888 Frederick Douglass was invited to speak at the Republican National Convention. Afterward during the roll call vote, he received one vote, so was nominally a candidate for the presidency. In those years, the candidates for the presidency and vice presidency were chosen by state representatives voting at the nominating convention. Many decisions were made by negotiations of state and party leaders ``behind closed doors. ''Douglass was not a serious candidate in contemporary terms.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the name of the partner of the earliest nominated African American candidate for president? | [
{
"id": 82270,
"question": "who was the first african american presidential candidate nominated",
"answer": "Frederick Douglass",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 177869,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Helen Pitts Douglass",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| Helen Pitts Douglass | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the first nominated African American presidential candidate? |
4hop3__661103_698586_89595_54362 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Atlanta in the American Civil War",
"paragraph_text": " the zero-mile post. In 1860, Atlanta was a relatively small city ranking 99th in the United States in size with a population of 9,554 according to the 1860 United States (U.S.) Census. However, it was the 13th-largest city in what became the Confederate States of America. A large number of machine shops, foundries and other industrial concerns were soon established in Atlanta. The population swelled to nearly 22,000 as workers arrived for these new factories and warehouses.\nThe city was a vital transportation and logistics center, with several major railroads in the area. The Western & Atlantic Railroad connected the city with Chattanooga, Tennessee, 138 miles to the north. The Georgia Railway connected the city with Augusta to the east and the Confederate Powderworks on the Savannah River. The Macon & Western connected Atlanta to Macon and Savannah to its south. The fourth line, Atlanta and West Point Railroad, completed in 1854, connected Atlanta with West Point, Georgia. At West Point the line linked up with the Western Railway of Alabama, thus connecting Atlanta with Montgomery to its west. A series of roads radiated out from the city in all directions, connecting Atlanta with neighboring towns and states.\nThought to be relatively safe from Union forces early in the war, Atlanta rapidly became a concentration point for the Confederate quartermasters and logistics experts; warehouses were filled with food, forage, supplies, ammunition, clothing and other materiel critical to the Confederate States of America armies operating in the Western Theater.\nSome of the major manufacturing facilities supporting the Confederate war effort were:\n\nThe Atlanta Rolling Mill, established before the war, was significantly expanded and provided a major source for armor plating for Confederate Navy ironclads, including the CSS Virginia. It also refurbished railroad tracks.\nThe Confederate Pistol Factory made pistols.\nThe Novelty Iron Works produced ordnance supplies.\nConfederate Arsenal was located at the northwest corner of Walton and Peachtree Street.\nThe Empire Manufacturing Company made Railroad cars and bar iron.\nWinship Foundry produced great quantities of metal products, railroad supplies, freight cars, and iron bolts.\nAtlanta Machine Works produced ordnance. The cannons produced by the Atlanta Machine Works were rifled at the Western and Atlantic Roundhouse.\nW. S. Withers and Solomon Solomon Foundry made buttons, spurs, bits, buckles, etc.\nA Flour Mill was located at the northwest corner of Marietta and North Avenue.\nHammond Marshall Sword Factory manufactured swords.\nAtlanta Steam Tannery made leather goods for the army.\nThe Naval Ordnance Works was set up in early 1862 by Lieutenant David Porter McCorkle using stores and machinery he was able to move to Atlanta from New Orleans before it fell. The works produced gun carriages and 7-inch shells for the Confederate navy.\nThe Confederate Iron and Brass Foundry produced all kinds of iron and brass works.\nIn addition to the transportation and manufacturing facilities, there were several hospitals in Atlanta.\n\nThe General Hospital was located on the fairground, on Fair Street.\nThe Distribution Hospital was located on the southeast corner of Alabama and Pryor Streets.\nThe Atlanta Female Institute on Courtland Street was used as a hospital.\nThe Atlanta Medical College was used as a surgical hospital.\nKiles Hotel on Decatur and Loyd Streets was used as a hospital.\nA hotel on Peachtree was used as a hospital.\nThe convalescent hospital was located on the Ponder property at Means Street and Ponder Avenue.\nThe hospital for contagious diseases was located on 155 acres of property taken from William Markham.\nOn July 5, 1864, General Joseph E. Johnston issued orders that all hospitals and munitions works in Atlanta be evacuated. On July 7, Colonel Josiah Georgas, ordnance chief in Richmond, issued orders to Colonel M. H. Wright, commanding the arsenal in Atlanta: \"Send the bulk of machinery & stores to Augusta and to Columbia, S.C., send workmen in same direction when it becomes necessary.\"\nA number of newspapers flourished in Atlanta during the Civil War. Among the more prominent ones were the Atlanta Southern Confederacy and the Daily Intelligencer, both of which moved to Macon, Georgia, during the Union occupation in 1864. The Daily Intelligencer was the only Atlanta paper to survive the war and resume publication from Atlanta after Union forces began their \"March to the Sea\".\n\n\n== Atlanta as a target ==\n\nConcerned after the fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, that Atlanta would be a logical target for future Union Army attacks, Jeremy F. Gilmer, Chief of the Confederate Engineer Bureau, contacted Captain Lemuel P. Grant, Chief Engineer ofIn 1864, as feared by Jeremy F. Gilmer, Atlanta did indeed become the target of a major Union invasion. The area now covered by metropolitan Atlanta was the scene of several fiercely contested battles, including the Battle of Peachtree Creek, the Battle of Atlanta, Battle of Ezra Church and the Battle of Jonesboro. On September 1, 1864, Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood evacuated Atlanta, after a five - week siege mounted by Union Gen. William Sherman, and ordered all public buildings and possible Confederate assets destroyed.",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Shawty Lo discography",
"paragraph_text": "The discography of Shawty Lo, an American hip hop recording artist from Atlanta, Georgia. Shawty Lo embarked on his career with the Southern hip hop group D4L. The discography consists of one studio album, one posthumous album, 15 mixtapes and 20 singles (including 12 as a featured artist).== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Mixtapes ===\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n== Other charted",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "A Rose for Emily",
"paragraph_text": " She and her father, the last two of the clan, continue to live as if in the past; Emily's father refuses for her to marry. Her father dies when EmilyThe story opens with a brief first - person account of the funeral of Emily Grierson, an elderly Southern woman whose funeral is the obligation of their small town. It then proceeds in a non-linear fashion to the narrator's recollections of Emily's archaic and increasingly strange behavior throughout the years. Emily is a member of a family of the antebellum Southern aristocracy. After the Civil War, the family falls into hard times. She and her father, the last two of the clan, continue to live as if in the past; Emily's father refuses for her to marry. Her father dies when Emily is about the age of 30, which takes her by surprise. She refuses to give up his corpse, and the townspeople write it off as her grieving process. The townspeople pity Emily not only after her father's death, but also during his life when he would n't let Emily marry. woman whose funeral is the obligation of the town. It then proceeds in a non-linear fashion to the narrator's recollections of Emily's archaic, and increasingly strange, behavior throughout the years. Emily is a member of a family of the antebellum Southern aristocracy. After the Civil War, the family falls into hard times. She and her father are the last two survivors of that branch of the family. Emily's father refuses to allow her to marry. Her fatherThe story opens with a brief first - person account of the funeral of Emily Grierson, an elderly Southern woman whose funeral is the obligation of",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Dunn Dunn",
"paragraph_text": " on six Democratic presidential campaigns over a period of 40 years.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nDunn was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, the daughter of Albert E. Babbitt and Carol (Hutto) Babbitt. Her uncle was the modernist composer Milton Babbitt. She attended Walter Johnson High School, graduating in 1976. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Maryland, College Park.\n\n\n== Career ==\nDunn began her career in the Carter White House, first as an intern for White House Communications Director Gerald Rafshoon and then worked for chief of staff Hamilton\"Dunn Dunn\", produced by Born Immaculate and DJ Pooh, is the second single from Shawty Lo's debut solo album, \"Units in the City\". Part of Shawty Lo's third single, \"Foolish,\" is played at the end. However, at the end of the video \"to be continued\" is seen on the screen. on July 31, 2024 to serve as a senior adviser to Future Forward and Future Forward USA Action. \nPreviously, she served as acting White House Communications Director in the Obama White House. Additionally, she served as managing director at SKDK, a strategic communications firm in Washington, D.C., and an advisor to the Biden presidential transition. Dunn has worked on six Democratic presidential campaigns over a period of 40 years.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nDunn was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, the daughter of Albert E. Babbitt and Carol (Hutto) Babbitt. Her uncle was the modernist composer Milton Babbitt. She attended Walter Johnson High School, graduating in 1976. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Maryland, College Park.\n\n\n== Career ==\nDunn began her career in the Carter White House, first as an intern for White House Communications Director Gerald Rafshoon and then worked for chief of staff Hamilton Jordan.\nShe worked on the campaign of U.S. Senator John Glenn (D-OH) in 1984, and on Capitol Hill before joining the firm founded by Bob Squier and William Knapp in 1993. She was the adviser and communications director to Senator Bill Bradley (D-NJ), and served as the chief strategist for his",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| Who was responsible for the arson in the city where the recording artist from Dunn Dunn met his end amidst the conflict that happened prior to the historical epoch featured in A Rose for Emily? | [
{
"id": 661103,
"question": "Dunn Dunn >> record label",
"answer": "Shawty Lo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 698586,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 89595,
"question": "historical time period of a rose for emily",
"answer": "After the Civil War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 54362,
"question": "who burned down #2 in #3",
"answer": "Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Confederate Gen. John Bell Hood | []
| true | Who burned down the city where Dunn Dunn's recording artist died during the conflict after which occurred the historical period of A Rose for Emily? |
2hop__547045_131879 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Wipac",
"paragraph_text": " Auto Design.\nIn December 2019 the automotive lighting business of Wipac was acquired by Anrui Optoelectronics Ltd of China, itself part of Sanan Optoelectronics. The optics, eyecare and ultra brands were retained within Carclo.\n\n\n== References ==Wipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees.\nIn 1998 Wipac was acquired by Carclo and in recent years became specifically known for LED lights for vehicles including the high mounted stop lamp for the 1995 Cadillac Catera, one of the first multifunction LED tail lamps for the 2001 Porsche Carrera GT, and the front and rear lights for the 2011 Lamborghini Aventador.\nThe company manufacturers vehicle antennas, producing 1.4 million in 2005.\nIn 2007 Wipac acquired High Wycombe based Ultra Auto Design.\nIn December 2019 the automotive lighting business of Wipac was acquired by Anrui Optoelectronics Ltd of China, itself part of Sanan Optoelectronics. The optics, eyecare and ultra brands were retained within Carclo.\n\n\n== References ==Wipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees.\nIn 1998 Wipac was acquired by Carclo and in recent years became specifically known for LED lights for vehicles including the high mounted stop lamp for the 1995 Cadillac Catera, one of the first multifunction LED tail lamps for the 2001 Porsche Carrera GT, and the front and rear lights for the 2011 Lamborghini Aventador.\nThe company manufacturers vehicle antennas, producing 1.4 million in 2005.\nIn 2007 Wipac acquired High Wycombe based Ultra Auto Design.\nIn December 2019 the automotive lighting business of Wipac was acquired by Anrui Optoelectronics Ltd of China, itself part of Sanan Optoelectronics. The optics, eyecare and ultra brands were retained within Carclo.\n\n\n== References ==Wipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees.\nIn 1998 Wipac was acquired by Carclo and in recent years became specifically known for LED lights for vehicles including the high mounted stop lamp for the 1995 Cadillac Catera, one of the first multifunction LED tail lamps for the 2001 Porsche Carrera GT, and the front and rear lights for the 2011 Lamborghini Aventador.\nThe company manufacturers vehicle antennas, producing 1.4 million in 2005.\nIn 2007 Wipac acquired High Wycombe based Ultra Auto Design.\nIn December 2019 the automotive lighting business of Wipac was acquired by Anrui Optoelectronics Ltd of China, itself part of Sanan Optoelectronics. The optics, eyecare and ultra brands were retained within Carclo.\n\n\n== References ==Wipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees.\nIn 1998 Wipac was acquired by Carclo and inWipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees.WWipac is a British automotive engineering company based in Buckingham. The company resulted from a merger in 1941 of the British subsidiary of the American Witherbee Igniter Company (Wico) and British spark plug manufacturer Pacy to become the Wico-Pacy in Bletchley before eventually becoming the Wipac brand which became well known in the UK for car and motorbike accessories including driving lamps and windscreen wiper blades. Wipac moved to Buckingham in 1959 with 500 employees.In 1998 Wipac was acquired by Carclo and in recent years became specifically known for LED lights for vehicles including the high mounted stop lamp for the 1995 Cadillac Cater",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Buckingham",
"paragraph_text": ".\n\n\n== History ==\nBuckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple southBuckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here. from the 10th century, when it was made the capital of the newly formed shire of Buckingham, until Aylesbury took over this role in the 18th century.\nBuckingham has a variety of restaurants and pubs, typical of a market town. It has a number of local shops, both national and independent. Market days are Tuesday and Saturday which take over Market Hill and the High Street cattle pens. Buckingham is twinned with Neukirchen-Vluyn, Germany and Mouvaux, France.\n\n\n== History ==\nBuckingham and the surrounding area has been settled for some time with evidence of Roman settlement found in several sites close the River Great Ouse, including a temple south of the A421 at Bourton Grounds which was excavated in the 1960s and dated to the 3rd century AD. A possible Roman building was identified at Castle Fields in the 19th century. Pottery, kiln furniture and areas of burning found at Buckingham industrial estate suggest the site of some early Roman pottery kilns here.\n\nIn the 7th century, Buckingham (literally \"hemmed in land of Bucca's people\") is said to have been founded by Bucca, the leader of the first Anglo Saxon settlers. The first settlement was located around the top of a loop in the River Great Ouse, presently the Hunter Street campus of the University of Buckingham. Between the 7th century and the 11th century, the town of Buckingham regularly changed hands between the Saxons and the Danes, in particular, in 914 King Edward the Elder and a Saxon army encamped",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| Which body of water is situated near the main office of Wipac? | [
{
"id": 547045,
"question": "Wipac >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Buckingham",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 131879,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "River Great Ouse",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| River Great Ouse | [
"Great Ouse"
]
| true | What body of water is by the headquarters location of Wipac? |
2hop__554145_88622 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "National Security Agency in popular culture",
"paragraph_text": " NSI also has territorial units in all of the 64 districts of Bangladesh, headed by a Joint Director/Deputy Director.\nBeing the only independent civilian intelligence agency in Bangladesh, the NSI's principal activities are gathering information about foreign governments, individuals, corporations, political parties, and different religious groups; counter-terrorism, counter-intelligence, political intelligence, and giving protection to the VIPs & VVIPs are among its major functions.\n\n\n== Organization ==\nNational Security Intelligence is headed by a Director General (D.G.), who is a Secretary of Bangladesh Government or two-star military officer from Bangladesh Army. The key posts of this organization are Director, Additional Director, Joint Director, Deputy Director, and Assistant Director. Some other posts are Computer Engineer, Telephone Engineer, and Research Officer. Some directorates of NSI are Internal, Dhaka Wing, Border, External, Security, Media wing, Training, Political, Eco-Security, Administration, Research, Counter-Terrorism cell, and intelligence.\nThe force is mostly staffed by civil personnel. Officers are recruited by the Prime Minister's Office, Class-1 officers directly recruited by the agency start with the post of Assistant Director (Grade-9).\nOfficers are also seconded from Bangladesh Police, Armed Forces of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Ansar.\n\n\n=== List of directors general ===\nMohammad Mesbahuddin (1972-August 1975)\n\nA. B. S. Safdar (August 1975 - 1990)\nBrigadier General AJM Aminul Haque, Bir Uttom (1993 - 1996)\nMajor General Golam Kader (1996)\nMajor General Mustafizur Rahman (1996 - 1997)\nColonel Mohammad Wahidul Haque (acting; 1997 – 1998)\nKazi Moshiur Rahman (1998 - 2000)\nMajor General Abdur Rahim (2001 – 5 January 2005)\nMajor General Rezzakul Haider Chowdhury (5 January 2005 –2008)\nMajor General Sheikh Md Monirul Islam (20 April 2008 – 17 March 2009)\nBrigadier General (rtd) M Manzur Ahmed (17 March 2009 – 25 March 2014)\nMajor General Shamsul Haque (25 March 2014 – 31 July 2018)\nMajor General T. M. Jobaer (since 31 July 2018 - 03 April 2024)\nMajor General Mohammed Hossain Al Morshed (03 April 2024 - present)\n\n\n== Duties ==\nThe principal activities of the NSI National Security Intelligence are:\n\nGathering information by any or all means about foreign governments, organizations, individuals, and politicians; monitor Bangladeshi government officials, political parties, politicians, extremist groups, separatists, religious bodies, unions, popular movements, NGOs, and any other group or person who might be relevant to national security;\nAnalysing that information, along with intelligence gathered by other Bangladesh intelligence agencies, to provide intelligence assessments to the PM and the National Committee for Intelligence Coordination\nUpon executive orders carrying out or overseeing covert activities overseas, by its own employees, by members of the military, or by other partner forces.\n\n\n== Notable Foreign Operations ==\nYemen\n\nOn February 11, 2022, Lt. Col. (Retd.) Sufiul Anam, a Bangladeshi individual employed by the United Nations, was abducted from Yemen's Mudiah province by members of al-Qaeda. A ransom of $3 million was demanded for his release. Fortunately, after 18 months in captivity, he has been successfully rescued by the National Security Intelligence (NSI). \n\n\n== Controversies ==\n\n\n=== Human Rights abuses ===\nAccording to Human Rights Watch's May 2009 issue, during the 2006–08 Bangladeshi political crisis in Bangladesh, the NSI was actively involved in harassment and arbitrary arrest of labor activists.\n\n\n=== Ten-truck arms and ammunition haul in Chittagong ===\nSeveral high-ranking NSI officers and field officers were sacked by the BNP government after being found connected with the 10-Truck Arms and Ammunition Haul in Chittagong case and were later convicted, who were: \n\nFormer Director General of NSI: Brigadier General Abdur Rahim.\nFormer Director: Wing Commander Shahabuddin Ahmed\nFormer Assistant Director: Major Liakat Hossain\nFormer Field Officer: Akbar Hossain\n\n\n=== Killing of labour activists ===\nNSI's name had appeared several times during the trial of the mysterious murder of labor rights activist Aminul Islam in April 2012. The only convict, Aminul's friend Mostafijur Rahman was found a mystery man, about whom no one knew much, who apparently had a cover job at an EPZ clinic and regularly met with security officers, is believed to be linked with NSI, though the court has not asked the agency for clarification and nor did the prosecution try to bring them, media has speculated such controversies, though denied by the agency.\n\n\n== In Fiction ==\nIn the Web TV Series Contract (2021), Arifin Shuvoo played the character of Bastard a fictional codename of a retired NSI Agent and Hitman who was given the last task to hunt down an underworld drug lord named Black Ranju (played by Chanchal Chowdhury)\n\n\n== See also ==\nNational Committee for Intelligence Coordination\nDirectorate General of Forces Intelligence\nCounter Terrorism and Intelligence Bureau\nDirector General of Forces Intelligence\nPresident Guard Regiment\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The National Security Intelligence, commonly known as the NSI, is the principal civilian intelligence agency of Bangladesh. The NSI's headquarters is in Segunbagicha, Dhaka. The NSI is the leading body of the Government of Bangladesh in the field of internal security, counter terrorism, counter intelligence and foreign intelligence. NSI is the largest among the intelligence agencies in Bangladesh, the others being the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI), SB, CID, PBI andThe National Security Agency (NSA), the main signals intelligence organization of the United States, has been featured in numerous works of spy fiction over the past decades, with its depictions augmenting along with the growing public awareness of this highly-secretive organization. NSA's mystique makes it a popular candidate for the role of a powerful antagonist and the agency has been portrayed performing tasks that are illegal.TheThe National Security Agency (NSA), the main signals intelligence organization of the United States, has been featured in numerous works of spy fiction over the past decades, with its depictions augmenting along with the growing public awareness of this highly-secretive organization. NSA's mystique makes it a popular candidate for the role of a powerful antagonist and the agency has been portrayed performing tasks that are illegal. the Directorate General of Forces Intelligence (DGFI), SB, CID, PBI and intelligence directorates of armed and paramilitary forces. The agency stands under the direct authority of the Prime Minister of Bangladesh.\nThis is an independent civilian intelligence agency. Today, its internal security functions are similar to the British security service MI5, while the foreign intelligence function does not quite resemble the MI6. The NSI also",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Director of the National Security Agency",
"paragraph_text": " 201 of the United States Code, the director of the NSA is recommended by the secretary of defense and nominated for appointment by the president. The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5100.20, dated 23 December 1971, the director of the NSA must always be a commissioned officer of the military services. As the assignment is currently# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). As the director of the NSA and the chief of the CSC, the officeholder reports to the under secretary of defense for intelligence, and as the commander of U.S. Cyber Command, the officeholder reports directly to the secretary of defense.\nAccording to 10 U.S.C. § 201 of the United States Code, the director of the NSA is recommended by the secretary of defense and nominated for appointment by the president. The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5100.20, dated 23 December 1971, the director of the NSA must always be a commissioned officer of the military services. As the assignment is currently part of a tri-hatted position, the director of the NSA is appointed to the grade of a four-star general or admiral during the period of his incumbency. The director's deputy is always a technically experienced civilian.\n\n\n== AFSA directors ==\nThe Armed Forces Security Agency was the predecessor to the National Security Agency and existed from 1949 to 1952.\n\n\n== NSA directors ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nList of former NSA directorsThe Director of the National Security Agency (DIRNSA) is the highest-ranking official of the National",
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| Who leads the principal topic related to the NSA in popular culture? | [
{
"id": 554145,
"question": "NSA in popular culture >> main subject",
"answer": "National Security Agency",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 88622,
"question": "who is the head of #1",
"answer": "ADM Michael S. Rogers",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| ADM Michael S. Rogers | [
"Michael S. Rogers"
]
| true | Who is the head of the main subject of NSA in popular culture? |
2hop__414193_176917 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Carolina Moon (2007 film)",
"paragraph_text": " friends—Tory's cousin Wade (Willett), Hope's twin sister Faith (Davis), and the twins' older brother Cade (Hudson), who realizes his childhood crush on Tory hasn't ended. Will her friends be enough to save Tory?\n\n\n== Cast ==\nClaire Forlani as Victoria 'Tory' Bodeen\nOliver Hudson as Cade Lavelle\nJosie Davis as Faith Lavelle\nJonathan Scarfe as Dwight Collier\nChad Willett as Wade Mooney\nJacqueline Bisset as Margaret Lavelle\nShaun Johnston as Han Bodeen\nGreg Lawson as Police Chief Carl Russ\nGabrielle Casha as Young Tory Bodeen\nKade Phillips as Young Cade Lavelle\nShae Keebler as Young Faith Lavelle/Hope Lavalle\nTaison Gelinas as Young Dwight Collier\nConnor Robinson as Young Wade Mooney\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was executive produced by Stephanie Germain and Peter Guber, who also 'e.p.-ed' seven other Roberts films for Lifetime in 2007 and 2009.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCarolina Moon at IMDb\nCarolina Moon at the TCM Movie Database\nCarolina Moon at AllMovie\nCarolina Moon at Rotten TomatoesCarolina Moon is a 2007 American television film directed by Stephen Tolkin and starring Claire Forlani and Oliver Hudson. Based on the 2000 Nora Roberts novel Carolina Moon, the film is about a woman with psychic visions who returns to her hometown to exorcise her demons and finds both danger and love. Carolina Moon is part of the Nora Roberts 2007 movie collection, which also includes Angels Fall, Blue Smoke, and Montana Sky. The movie debuted February 19, 2007 on Lifetime Television.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nYoung Tory Bodeen (Forlani) is blessed - or maybe cursed - with clairvoyance. Her childhood best friend, Hope, is murdered and she leaves town. Years later she returns to open a retail store. Tory's father, an abusive religious fanatic and ex-con remains the prime suspect in the unsolved murder. Her mother is a weak enabler, believing her husband is a good man, and that Tory is evil due to her paranormal abilities.\nAs the anniversary of Hope's death approaches, Tory resolves to face her demons, with the help of her childhood friends—Tory's cousin Wade (Willett), Hope's twin sister Faith (Davis), and the twins' older brother Cade (Hudson), who realizes his childhood crush on Tory hasn't ended. Will her friends be enough to save Tory?\n\n\n== Cast ==\nClaire Forlani as Victoria 'Tory' Bodeen\nOliver Hudson as Cade Lavelle\nJosie Davis as Faith Lavelle\nJonathan Scarfe as Dwight Collier\nChad Willett as Wade Mooney\nJacqueline Bisset as Margaret Lavelle\nShaun Johnston as Han Bodeen\nGreg Lawson as Police Chief Carl Russ\nGabrielle Casha as Young Tory Bodeen\nKade Phillips as Young Cade Lavelle\nShae Keebler as Young Faith Lavelle/Hope Lavalle\nTaison Gelinas as Young Dwight Collier\nConnor Robinson as Young Wade Mooney\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was executive produced by Stephanie Germain and Peter Guber, who also 'e.p.-ed' seven other Roberts films for Lifetime inCarolina Moon is a 2007 American television film directed by Stephen Tolkin and starring Claire Forlani and Oliver Hudson. Based on the Nora Roberts novel \"Carolina Moon\", the film is about a woman with psychic visions who returns to her hometown to exorcise her demons and finds both danger and love. \"Carolina Moon\" is part of the Nora Roberts 2007 movie collection, which also includes \"Angels Fall\", \"Blue Smoke\", and \"Montana Sky\". The movie debuted February 19, 2007 on Lifetime Television.CarCarolina Moon is a 2007 American television film directed by Stephen Tolkin and starring Claire Forlani and Oliver Hudson. Based on the Nora Roberts novel \"Carolina Moon\", the film is about a woman with psychic visions who returns to her hometown to exorcise her demons and finds both danger and love. \"Carolina Moon\" is part of the Nora Roberts 2007 movie collection, which also includes \"Angels Fall\", \"Blue Smoke\", and \"Montana Sky\". The movie debuted February 19, 2007 on Lifetime Television.en (Forlani) is blessed - or maybe cursed - with clairvoyance. Her childhood best friend, Hope, is murdered and she leaves town. Years later she returns to open a retail store. Tory's father, an abusive religious fanatic and ex-con remains the prime suspect in the unsolved murder. Her mother is a weak enabler, believing her husband is a good man, and that Tory is evil due to her paranormal abilities.\nAs the anniversary of Hope's death approaches, Tory resolves to face her demons, with the help of her childhood friends—Tory's cousin Wade (Willett), Hope's twin sister Faith (Davis), and the twins' older brother Cade (Hudson), who realizes his childhood crush on Tory hasn't ended.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Love's Kitchen",
"paragraph_text": "Ingo and Shauna). They plan to turn a local pub into a gastropub.\nWhen Rob first visits the pubLove's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens. It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes.LLove's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens. It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes.== Plot ==\nAfter his wife is killed in a car accident caused by her unsafe habit of using her mobile while driving, chef Rob Haley (Dougray Scott) is left grief-stricken. He loses his passion for his work.\nOnce a coveted chef, a particularly bad review causes him to lose customers at his once successful restaurant. His friend Gordon Ramsay (himself) comes looking for him after seeing it, convincing him to pull himself out of his funk.\nRob buys the pub his wife meant for their restaurant three years ago, and he relocates to the countryside with his daughter Michelle and some loyal members of his staff (Loz, \nIngo and Shauna). They plan to turn a local pub into a gastropub.\nWhen Rob first visits the pubLove's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens. It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes.Love's Kitchen (originally titled No Ordinary Trifle) is a 2011 British romantic comedy film directed by James Hacking and starring Dougray Scott, Claire Forlani, Michelle Ryan, and featured celebrity chef Gordon Ramsay in his first acting role. Hacking also wrote the script for the film, and it was the director's first feature-length film. It received a limited theatrical release in the UK, taking £121 on its opening weekend from five screens. It was released direct to DVD in the United States. Film critics gave it mostly negative reviews, and the film received a score of 19% on Rotten Tomatoes.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAfter his wife is killed in a",
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| Which person is in matrimony with a member of the Carolina Moon cast? | [
{
"id": 414193,
"question": "Carolina Moon >> cast member",
"answer": "Claire Forlani",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 176917,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Dougray Scott",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| Dougray Scott | []
| true | Who is married to the cast member of Carolina Moon? |
2hop__35445_22458 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Association football",
"paragraph_text": " across the goal line), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strikeThere are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football., for a total match time of 90 minutes. With an estimated 250 million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.\nThe game of association football is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886. The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in) in circumference. The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts, under the bar, and fully across the goal line), thereby scoring a goal. When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball. Only the goalkeepers may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area. The team that has scored more goals at the end of the game is the winner. There are situations where a goal can be disallowed, such as an offside call or a foul in the build-up to the goal. Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shoot-out.\nInternationally, association football is governed by FIFA. Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC, and UEFA. Of these confederations, CONMEBOL is",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Switzerland",
"paragraph_text": " country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is oneSwiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional club league. For the Brasil 2014 World Cup finals tournament, the country's German-speaking cantons will be closely monitored by local police forces to prevent celebrations beyond one hour after matches end. Europe's highest football pitch, at 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level, is located in Switzerland and is named the Ottmar Hitzfeld Stadium.There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and also performs highly on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living.\nSwitzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition",
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| What is the complete designation of the establishment responsible for publishing the Laws of the Game? | [
{
"id": 35445,
"question": "Who publishes the Laws of the Game?",
"answer": "FIFA",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 22458,
"question": "What does #1 stand for?",
"answer": "International Federation of Association Football",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| International Federation of Association Football | [
"FIFA"
]
| true | What is the full name of the organization that publishes he Laws of the Game? |
3hop2__792915_223623_162182 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 2,
"title": "John Phan",
"paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker playerBon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Cái River",
"paragraph_text": " Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam.The Cái River () is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông CThe Cái River () is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km². area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam.The Cái River () is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of Vietnam. It flows through Khánh Hòa Province and Đắk Lắk Province. The river has a basin area of 1904 km².The Cái River (Vietnamese: Sông Cái) is a river of",
"is_supporting": true
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| What is the specific area within the region that houses the Cái River where John Phan was given birth to? | [
{
"id": 792915,
"question": "Cái River >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 223623,
"question": "John Phan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| South Central Coast | []
| true | In what region of the country containing the Cái River is the place where John Phan was born? |
2hop__2299_1783 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the",
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "To Kill a Mockingbird",
"paragraph_text": ", an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.\n\n\n== Biographical background and publication ==\nBorn in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became a close friend of soon-to-be-famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at theThe story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person.ToThe story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person. Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the Deep South. Lessons from the book emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use of racial epithets. In 2006, British librarians ranked the book ahead of the Bible as one \"every adult should read before they die\".\nReaction to the novel varied widely upon publication. Despite the number of copies sold and its widespread use in education, literary analysis of it is sparse. Author Mary McDonough Murphy, who collected individual impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird by several authors and public figures, calls the book \"an astonishing phenomenon\". It was adapted into an Academy Award-winning film in 1962 by director Robert Mulligan, with a screenplay by Horton Foote. Since 1990, a play based on the novel has been performed annually in Harper Lee's hometown.\nTo Kill a Mockingbird was Lee's only published book until Go Set a Watchman, an earlier draft of To Kill a Mockingbird, was published on July 14, 2015. Lee continued to respond to her work's impact until her death in February 2016, although she had refused any personal publicity for herself or the novel since 1964.\n\n\n== Biographical background and publication ==\nBorn in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became a close friend of soon-to-be-famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at theThe story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional \"tired old town\" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur \"Boo\" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person.To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by the American author Harper Lee. It was published in July 1960 and became instantly successful. In the United States, it is widely read in high schools and middle schools. To Kill a Mockingbird has become a classic of modern American literature; a year after its release, it won the Pulitzer Prize. The plot and characters are loosely based on Lee's observations of her family, her neighbors and an event that occurred near her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama, in 1936, when she was ten.\nDespite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality, the novel is renowned for its warmth and humor. Atticus Finch, the narrator's father, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. The historian Joseph Crespino explains, \"In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its main character, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism.\" As a Southern Gothic novel and Bildungsroman, the primary themes of To Kill a Mockingbird involve racial injustice and the destruction of innocence. Scholars have noted that Lee also addresses issues of class, courage, compassion, and gender roles in the Deep South. Lessons from the book emphasize tolerance and decry prejudice. Despite its themes, To Kill a Mockingbird has been subject to campaigns for removal from public classrooms, often challenged for its use",
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| During the historical time period of the book, who held the position of mayor in New York? | [
{
"id": 2299,
"question": "In what historical era does the book take place?",
"answer": "the Great Depression",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 1783,
"question": "Who was mayor of New York during #1 ?",
"answer": "Fiorello La Guardia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Fiorello La Guardia | []
| true | Who was New York's mayor during the book's historical period? |
2hop__35137_22896 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_text": "The study of the Quran and the Hadith thrived in such a scholarly atmosphere. Philosophy, Fiqh and theology (kalaam) were further developed, most noticeably by Avicenna and his opponents. Al-Razi and Al-Farabi had provided methodology and knowledge in medicine and philosophy. Avicenna had access to the great libraries of Balkh, Khwarezm, Gorgan, Rey, Isfahan and Hamadan. Various texts (such as the 'Ahd with Bahmanyar) show that he debated philosophical points with the greatest scholars of the time. Aruzi Samarqandi describes how before Avicenna left Khwarezm he had met Al-Biruni (a famous scientist and astronomer), Abu Nasr Iraqi (a renowned mathematician), Abu Sahl Masihi (a respected philosopher) and Abu al-Khayr Khammar (a great physician). works were written in both languages. Of the 450 works he is believed to have written, around 240 have survived, including 150 on philosophy and 40 on medicine.\n\n\n== Name ==\nAvicenna is a Latin corruption of the Arabic patronym Ibn Sīnā (ابن سينا), meaning \"Son of Sina\". However, Avicenna was not the son but the great-great-grandson of a man named Sina. His formal Arabic name was Abū ��Alī al-���usayn bin ��Abdullāh ibn al-���asan bin ��Alī bin Sīnā al-Balkhi al-Bukhari (أبو علي الحسين بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن علي بن سينا البلخي البخاري).\n\n\n== Circumstances ==\nAvicenna created anAvicenna's astronomical writings had some influence on later writers, although in general his work could be considered less developed than Alhazen or Al-Biruni. One important feature of his writing is that he considers mathematical astronomy as a separate discipline to astrology. He criticized Aristotle's view of the stars receiving their light from the Sun, stating that the stars are self-luminous, and believed that the planets are also self-luminous. He claimed to have observed Venus as a spot on the Sun. This is possible, as there was a transit on May 24, 1032, but Avicenna did not give the date of his observation, and modern scholars have questioned whether he could have observed the transit from his location at that time; he may have mistaken a sunspot for Venus. He used his transit observation to help establish that Venus was, at least sometimes, below the Sun in Ptolemaic cosmology, i.e. the sphere of Venus comes before the sphere of the Sun when moving out from the Earth in the prevailing geocentric model.Ibn Sina (Persian: ابن سینا, romanized: Ibn Sīnā; c.��980 – 22 June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world, flourishing during the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers. He is often described as the father of early modern medicine. His philosophy was of the Muslim Peripatetic school derived from Aristotelianism.\nHis most famous works are The Book of Healing, a philosophical and scientific encyclopedia, and The Canon of Medicine, a medical encyclopedia which became a standard medical text at many medieval universities and remained in use as late as 1650. Besides philosophy and medicine, Avicenna",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": " agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15%Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate, according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term has been documented as early as 1912 to encompass the influence of perceived pan-Islamic propaganda. The Times described Pan-Islamism as a movement with power, importance, and cohesion born in Paris, where Turks, Arabs and Persians congregated. The correspondent's focus was on India: it would take too long to consider the progress made in various parts of the Muslim world. The article considered the position of the Amir, the effect of the Tripoli Campaign, Anglo-Russian action in Persia, and \"Afghan Ambitions\".\nIn a modern geopolitical sense, the terms 'Muslim world' and 'Islamic world' refer to countries",
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| Can you tell me the name of a library where the writer of The Canon of Medicine could perform their research? | [
{
"id": 35137,
"question": "Who wrote The Canon of Medicine?",
"answer": "Avicenna",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 22896,
"question": "What is the name of one library that #1 had access to?",
"answer": "Hamadan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Hamadan | []
| true | What is the name of one library that the author of The Canon of Medicine had access to? |
2hop__518354_67465 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Blue Slide Park",
"paragraph_text": " ==\nThe album's first single, \"Frick Park Market\", was produced by ID Labs, and released alongside an accompanying music video on August 18, 2011. The song peaked at number 60 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. At the time, it was Miller's highest charting single, surpassing \"Donald Trump\", which charted at number 75.\nThe second single, \"Party on Fifth Ave.\", also produced by ID Labs, was released on October 28, 2011, with an accompanying music video. The song debuted at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100.\n\"Up All Night\" was released as the third single digitally via iTunes on November 15, 2011. The song peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nBlue Slide Park received generally mixed reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, a site that calculates an aggregate score based on a number of professional reviews, the album has received a score of 58/100 (based on 12 articles) which indicates \"mixed or average reviews\". Jon Garcia of AllHipHop.com gave the album a rating of 6.5 out of 10, criticising the production and claiming that \"it's as if he hasn't found his sound yet\". XXL viewed the album's production more positively, but noted that Miller still has \"room to evolve\". Jordan Sargent of Pitchfork gave the album a 1.0 out of 10 rating, and wrote \"Miller's world is a hermetic one, and unless it's one you inhabit, the album holds no appeal\", and \"he's mostly just a crushingly bland, more intolerable version of Wiz Khalifa\".\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nBlue Slide Park debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart, selling 144,000 copies in its first week, making it the first independently-distributed debut album to top the chart since Tha Dogg Pound's Dogg Food (1995). In its second week, the album fell to number 24 with 25,000 sales, one of the largest drops from number one at the time. Despite not being released as a single, the track \"Smile Back\" became Miller's highest-charting song at the time, reaching number 55 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated November 26, 2011. As of August 2012, the album has sold 344,000 copies.\nOn May 14, 2018, the album was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for combined sales and streams in excess of 500,000 units in the United States. Blue Slide Park earned 12,000 album-equivalent units in the week following Miller's death on September 7, 2018, allowing the album to re-enter the Billboard 200 at number 49.\nIn Canada, the album debuted at number eight on the Canadian Albums Chart. On December 18, 2012, the album was certified gold by Music Canada (MC) for shipments exceeding 40,000 units in Canada.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nCredits adapted from Tidal.\n\n\n== Tour ==\n\n\n=== Europe – The Incredibly Dope Tour ===\nMiller toured Europe in early September 2011 to promote the album. The UnitedBlue Slide Park is the debut studio album by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released on November 8, 2011, by Rostrum Records. In July 2011, the title was announced, having been named after a section of Frick Park (which is known as \"Blue Slide Park\") in Pittsburgh. The park section is at the corner of Beechwood Blvd and Nicholson Street, which is just two blocks from Taylor Allderdice High School where Miller attended. The album cover was designed by his older brother Miller McCormick and Redtape Design.BlueBlue Slide Park is the debut studio album by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released on November 8, 2011, by Rostrum Records. In July 2011, the title was announced, having been named after a section of Frick Park (which is known as \"Blue Slide Park\") in Pittsburgh. The park section is at the corner of Beechwood Blvd and Nicholson Street, which is just two blocks from Taylor Allderdice High School where Miller attended. The album cover was designed by his older brother Miller McCormick and Redtape Design. the chart since 1995.\n\n\n== Background and release ==\nOn July 5, 2011, Mac Miller announced Blue Slide Park on his YouTube channel. The tracks \"Smile Back\" and \"Blue Slide Park\" were released as non-singles on September 23 and October 13, respectively. The latter track was released to commemorate the album surpassing 25,000 pre-orders. The album cover art was designed by his older brother, Miller McCormick. Blue Slide Park was released by Rostrum Records on November 8, 2011.\n\n\n== Singles ==\nThe album's first single, \"Frick Park Market\", was produced by ID Labs, and released alongside an accompanying music video on August 18, 2011. The song peaked at number 60 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. At the time, it was Miller's highest charting single, surpassing \"Donald Trump\", which charted at number 75.\nThe second single, \"Party on Fifth Ave.\", also produced by ID Labs, was released on October 28, 2011, with an accompanying music video. The song debuted at number 64 on the Billboard Hot 100.\n\"Up All Night\" was released as the third single digitally via iTunes on November 15, 2011. The song peaked at number ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Best Day Ever (mixtape)",
"paragraph_text": "tape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).Best Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. It was released by Rostrum Records on March 11, 2011, as the follow-up to Miller's acclaimed mixtape K.I.D.S. (2010). The mixtape consists of sixteen songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs), and includes features from rappers Wiz Khalifa and Phonte.\nFour songs from Best Day Ever have music videos: \"Donald Trump\", \"Get Up\", \"Wear My Hat\" and \"Best Day Ever\".\n\n\n== Release and promotion ==\nOver 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream prior to the mixtape's release. As of March 2019, the mixtape has received over 1.2 million downloads and 1.5 million streams on its official host, DatPiff. The song \"Donald Trump\" was released as a single on May 17, 2011. It became his first singles entry on the US Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 75, and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Its music video has received over 180 million views on YouTube, and is Miller's most-viewed video. WhenBest Day Ever is the fifth mixtape by American rapper Mac Miller. This mixtape was released online March 11, 2011. Over 20,000 viewers joined Miller for a live video stream just prior to releasing the tape. The mixtape consists of 16 songs produced by nine producers (predominantly ID Labs).",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When was Best Day Ever launched by the artist who produced Blue Slide Park? | [
{
"id": 518354,
"question": "Blue Slide Park >> performer",
"answer": "Mac Miller",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 67465,
"question": "when did #1 release best day ever",
"answer": "March 11, 2011",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| March 11, 2011 | []
| true | When did the performer of Blue Slide Park release Best Day Ever? |
4hop1__408432_32392_823060_610794 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Charleston, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,227 at the 2020 census. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was estimated to be 849,417 in 2023. It ranks as the third-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the state, and the 71st-most populous in the United States.\nCharleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II, at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) but relocated in 1680 to its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. It remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted its present spelling with its incorporation as a city in 1783. Population growth in the interior of South Carolina influenced the removal of the state government to Columbia in 1788, but Charleston remained among the ten largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census.\nCharleston's significance in American history is tied to its role as a major slave trading port. Charleston slave traders like Joseph Wragg were the first to break through the monopoly of the Royal African Company and pioneered the large-scale slave trade of the 18th century; almost one-half of slaves imported to the United States arrived in Charleston. In 2018, the city formally apologized for its role in the American slave trade.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Colonial era (1670–1776) ===\n\nKing Charles II granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. In 1670, Governor William Sayle arranged for several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda and Barbados. These settlers established what was then called Charles Town at Albemarle Point, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. Charles Town became the first comprehensively planned town in the Thirteen Colonies. Its governance, settlement, and development was to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke. Because the Carolina's Fundamental Constitutions was never ratified, however, Charles Town was never incorporated during the colonial period. Instead, local ordinances were passed by the provincial government, with day-to-day administration handled by the wardens and vestries of St Philip's and St Michael's Anglican parishes.\nAt the time of European colonization, the area was inhabited by the indigenous Cusabo, on whom the settlers declared war in October 1671. The settlers initially allied with the Westo, a northern indigenous tribe that traded in enslaved Indians. The settlers abandoned their alliance with the Westo in 1679 and allied with the Cusabo instead.\nThe initial settlement quickly dwindled away andAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers. unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adoptedAs many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play \"Porgy\" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "WYFG",
"paragraph_text": "WYFG went on the air on October 12, 1982. The station broadcasts with 100 kilowatts, reaching 241 towns and cities in its listening area, which is in Upstate South Carolina and Piedmont, North Carolina.\n\n\n== References ==\nBBN Radio website\n\nFacility details for Facility ID 5132 (WYFG) in the FCC Licensing andWYFG is a radio station simulcasting the Bible Broadcasting Network for the Gaffney, Spartanburg, and Greenville areas of South Carolina as well as some of the western suburbs of the Charlotte area.WYFG is a radio station simulcasting the Bible Broadcasting Network for the Gaffney, Spartanburg, and Greenville areas of South Carolina as well as some of the western suburbs of the Charlotte area.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "WWNQ",
"paragraph_text": "WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina",
"paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (Forest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the name of the county where the city, that borders the capital of the state where WYFG resides, is situated? | [
{
"id": 408432,
"question": "WYFG >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 32392,
"question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?",
"answer": "Columbia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 823060,
"question": "#2 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Forest Acres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 610794,
"question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Richland County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| Richland County | [
"Richland County, South Carolina"
]
| true | In which county is the city sharing a border with the capitol of the state where WYFG is located? |
3hop1__351696_42197_18397 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ural Oblast",
"paragraph_text": "The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR. It was created November 3, 1923 by association of Perm, Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen Governorates. The oblast’s centre was city Sverdlovsk. At the time of creation area of oblast was 1,659,000 km², population was 6,380,000.The Ural Oblast () was an oblast of the RSFSR within the USSR",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that theTrotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 millionOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where did the individual who contended that the nation encompassing Ural Oblast had evolved into an empire, announce his intentions to interfere in the Korean dispute? | [
{
"id": 351696,
"question": "Ural Oblast >> country",
"answer": "USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 42197,
"question": "Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?",
"answer": "Mao Zedong",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 18397,
"question": "Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?",
"answer": "the Politburo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| the Politburo | [
"Politburo"
]
| true | Where did the person who argued that the country where Ural Oblast is located had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict? |
3hop1__226638_538202_84283 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Sunset Man",
"paragraph_text": "ötley Crüe, was originally slated as the second single. However, it was withdrawn and replaced with \"For You\", which spent two non-consecutive weeks at number 39 on the country charts before falling out of the Top 40. After it came \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", which Otto co-wrote with fellow MuzikMafia member and former MCA Nashville artist Shannon Lawson. This song reached number 36 in February 2009.\nOtto produced the album with assistance from Rich on all tracks except \"For You\", \"YouSunset Man is the second studio album from American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it were \"For You\" and \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", both of which peaked in the mid-30s. As of May 2010, the album has sold 389,000 according to Nielsen SoundScan.Sunset Man is the second studio album by American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it were \"For You\" and \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", both of which peaked in the mid-30s. As of May 2010, the album has sold 389,000 according to Nielsen SoundScan.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe first single release from Sunset Man was \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\". Otto's first single release since \"Sunday Morning and Saturday Night\" on Mercury Nashville in 2004, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\" reached Number One on the U.S. Billboard country singles charts in early 2008. The song was also the Number One country hit of 2008 according to Billboard Year-End.\n\"Ain't Gonna Stop\", co-written by Big Kenny and John Rich of Big & Rich, and Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe, was originally slated as the second single. However, it was withdrawn and replaced with \"For You\", which spent two non-consecutive weeks at number 39 on the country charts before falling out of the Top 40. After it came \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", which Otto co-wrote with fellow MuzikMafia member and former MCA Nashville artist Shannon Lawson. This song reached number 36 in February 2009.\nOtto produced the album with assistance from Rich on all tracks except \"For You\", \"You Don't Act Like My Woman\", and \"The Man That I Am\", which he instead produced with Jay DeSunset Man is the second studio album from American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it were \"For You\" and \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", both of which peaked in the mid-30s. As of May 2010, the album has sold 389,000 according to Nielsen SoundScan.The first single release from Sunset Man was \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\". Otto's first single release since \"Sunday Morning and Saturday Night\" on Mercury Nashville in 2004, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\" reached Number One on the U",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Just Got Started Lovin' You",
"paragraph_text": " came up with a melody that he \"thought was cool\", and put down the melody on his computer; after Otto heard the tune, he felt that it \"suggested a sexy lyric and came from a sexy spot\", and eventually came up with the title \"Just\"Just Got Started Lovin' You\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in July 2007 as the first single from his album \"Sunset Man\". On the Hot Country Songs chart dated for May 17, 2008, the song has also become Otto's first (and to date, his only) number-one hit. The song was also the number one song on Billboard's year-end 2008 Hot Country Songs chart.== Background and writing ==\nOtto had placed a telephone call to his friend, songwriter Jim Femino, when Femino and D. Vincent Williams were shopping at a grocery store in Nashville, Tennessee. Otto had wanted to write a song with Femino, and Femino suggested bringing Williams (who had never met Otto before) with him.\nWhen they met Otto at Williams' house, Williams stated that he noticed a sex appeal in Otto's material, comparing the singer to Conway Twitty. Williams then came up with a melody that he \"thought was cool\", and put down",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. Unfortunately for Warner Bros., the dual impact of the Great Depression and the introduction of broadcast radio greatly harmed the recording industry—sales crashed, dropping by around 90% from more than 100 millionWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.comWarner Records Inc. (formerly known as Warner Bros. Records Inc. until 2019) is an American record label. A subsidiary of the Warner Music Group, it is headquartered in Los Angeles, California. It was founded on",
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}
]
| Who owns the record label that the artist who performs 'Just Got Started Lovin' You' is signed to? | [
{
"id": 226638,
"question": "Just Got Started Lovin' You >> performer",
"answer": "James Otto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 538202,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
]
| true | Who is the owner of the record label that Just Got Started Lovin' You's performer belong to? |
3hop1__140514_2053_5289 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Hero High",
"paragraph_text": "ero High was a cartoon and live action series created by Filmation that aired as part of NBC's \"The Kid Super Power Hour with Shazam!\" It was about a high school where young superheroes were taught how to use their powers and fight crime. Originally intendedHero High was a cartoon and live action series created by Filmation that aired as part of NBC's \"The Kid Super Power Hour with Shazam!\" It was about a high school where young superheroes were taught how to use their powers and fight crime. Originally intended to beHero High was a cartoon and live action series created by Filmation that aired as part of NBC's \"The Kid Super Power Hour with Shazam!\" It was about a high school where young superheroes were taught how to use their powers and fight crime. Originally intended to be a new entry in Filmation's long-running line of \"Archie\" cartoon series, the 1981 series was altered at the last minute because the company's rights to the \"Archie\" characters had expired and new characters had to be created.Hero High was a cartoon and live action series created by Filmation that aired as part of NBC's \"The Kid Super Power Hour with Shazam!\" It was about a high school where young superheroes were taught how to use their powers and fight crime. Originally intended to be a new entry in Filmation's long-running line of \"Archie\" cartoon series, the 1981 series was altered at the last minute because the company's rights to the \"Archie\" characters had expired and new characters had to be created.Hero High was a cartoon and live action series created by Filmation that aired as part of NBC's \"The Kid Super Power Hour with Shazam!\" It was about a high",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Sony Music",
"paragraph_text": " licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968,In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic andThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which British recording company was purchased by the corporation, who, in addition to ABC and the network that airs Hero High, is one of the leading broadcasters headquartered in New York? | [
{
"id": 140514,
"question": "What network hosts Hero High?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 5289,
"question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?",
"answer": "Oriole Records.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| Oriole Records. | [
"Oriole Records"
]
| true | What UK label was bought by the company which, along with ABC and the network which hosts Hero High, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
2hop__24973_5674 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic",
"paragraph_text": " the Russian Revolution in particular. The blue stripe symbolized the wide Russian skies and the waters of its seas and rivers.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first flag of the Russian SFSR, adopted on 14 April 1918, was a flag showing the full name of the recently created Soviet republic before the then imminent Russian spelling reform. Its ratio was unspecified.\nFrom June 1918, the flag was red with the gold Cyrillic characters РСФСР (RSFSR) in the top-left corner, in a traditional Vyaz' style of ornamental Cyrillic calligraphy.\nFrom 1920, the characters were redesigned as described by the Russian Constitution of 1925. However, this flag was oftentimes not used, with the 1918 flag being used until 1937.\n\nIn February 1947, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution urging the Soviet republics to adopt new flags. The design was suggested to be based on the state flag of the USSR, as to indicate the idea of the republic within the union, and to include colors and national ornaments to express the geographical, national, historical and cultural characteristics of each republic. In the Russian SFSR, the chairman of the Secretary of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet Peter Bakhmurov opened the first meeting the next month to redesign the national flag.\nOn 9 January 1954, the new national flag of the RSFSR was approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. The flag was designed by artist Valentin Petrovich Viktorov. On 2 June 1954, the description of the flag was included in the Constitution of the RSFSR.\nAfter the attempted coup of 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the president of the Russian SFSR adopted a resolution that the imperial tricolor flagUnder the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't recognized by neighboring countries for five months. Meanwhile, anti-Bolsheviks coined the mocking label \"Sovdepia\" for the nascent state of the \"Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies\".The penultimate USSR-era flag was adopted by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1954 and used until 1991. The flag of the Russian SFSR was a defacement of the flag of the USSR. The constitution stipulated:\n\nThe state flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.le represented the working class; more specifically, the hammer represented the urban industrial workers and the sickle represented the rural and agricultural peasants. The red star represented the Communist Party and Communism. The red of the flag represented revolution in general and the Russian Revolution in particular. The blue stripe symbolized the wide Russian skies and the waters of its seas and rivers.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe first flag of the Russian SFSR, adopted on 14 April 1918, was a flag showing the full name of the recently created Soviet republic before the then imminent Russian spelling reform. Its ratio was unspecified.\nFrom June 1918, the flag was red with the gold Cyrillic characters РСФСР (RSFSR) in the top-left corner, in a traditional Vyaz' style of ornamental Cyrillic calligraphy.\nFrom 1920, the characters were redesigned as described by the Russian Constitution of 1925. However, this flag was oftentimes not used, with the 1918 flag being used until 1937.\n\nIn February 1947, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution urging the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"paragraph_text": " dispatched by the coup leaders took up positions near the White House, but members refused to storm the barricaded building. The coup leaders also neglected to jam foreign news broadcasts, so many Muscovites watched it unfold live on CNN. Even the isolated Gorbachev was able to stay abreast of developments by tuning into BBC World Service on a small transistor radio.The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. It also brought an end to the Soviet Union's federal government and General Secretary (also President) Mikhail Gorbachev's effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of 15 top-level republics that served as the homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisisFaced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and military. It was strongly supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic advantages of a common market to prosper. However, it would have meant some degree of continued Communist Party control over economic and social life.s that served as the homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics already departing the Union and Gorbachev continuing the waning of centralized power, the leaders ofThousands of Muscovites came out to defend the White House (the Russian Federation's parliament and Yeltsin's office), the symbolic seat of Russian sovereignty at the time. The organizers tried but ultimately failed to arrest Yeltsin, who rallied opposition to the coup with speech-making atop a tank. The special forces dispatched by the coup leaders took up positions near the White House, but members refused to storm the barricaded building. The coup leaders also neglected to jam foreign news broadcasts, so many Muscovites watched it unfold live on CNN. Even the isolated Gorbachev was able to stay abreast of developments by tuning into BBC World Service on a small transistor radio.The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was formally dissolved as a sovereign state and subject of international law on 26 December 1991 by Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. It also brought an end to the Soviet Union's federal government and General Secretary (also President) Mikhail Gorbachev's effort to reform the Soviet political and economic system in an attempt to stop a period of political stalemate and economic backslide. The Soviet Union had experienced internal stagnation and ethnic separatism. Although highly centralized until its final years, the country was made up of 15 top-level republics that served as the homelands for different ethnicities. By late 1991, amid a catastrophic political crisis, with several republics already departing the Union and Gorbachev continuing the waning of centralized power, the leaders of three of its founding members, the Russian, Belorussian, and Ukrainian SSRs, declared that the Soviet Union no longer existed. Eight more republics joined their declaration shortly thereafter. Gorbachev resigned on 25 December 1991 and what was left of the Soviet parliament voted to dissolve the union.\nThe process began with growing unrest in the country's various constituent national republics developing into an incessant political and legislative conflict between them and the central government. Estonia was the first Soviet republic to declare state sovereignty inside the Union on 16 November 1988. Lithuania was the first republic to declare full independence restored from the Soviet Union by the Act of 11 March 1990 with its Baltic neighbors and the Southern Caucasus republic of Georgia joining it over the next two months.\nDuring the failed 1991 August coup, communist hardliners and military elites attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and stop the failing reforms. However, the turmoil led to the central government in Moscow losing influence, ultimately resulting in many republics proclaiming independence in the following days and months. The secession of the Baltic states was recognized in September 1991. The Belovezha Accords were signed on 8 December by President Boris Yeltsin of Russia, President Kravchuk of Ukraine, and Chairman Shushkevich of Belarus, recognizing each other's independence and creating the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) to replace the Soviet Union. Kazakhstan was the last republic to leave the Union, proclaiming independence on 16 December. All the ex-Soviet republics, with the exception of Georgia and the Baltic states, joined the CIS on 21 December, signing the Alma-Ata Protocol. On 25 December, Gorbachev resigned and turned over his presidential powers—including control of the nuclear launch codes—to Yeltsin, who was now the first president of the Russian Federation. That evening, the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the Russian tricolor flag. The following day, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union's upper chamber, the Soviet of the Republics, formally dissolved the Union. The events of the dissolution resulted in its 15 constituent republics gaining full independence which also marked the major conclusion of the Revolutions of 1989 and the end of the Cold War.\nIn the aftermath of the Cold War, several of the former Soviet republics have retained close links with Russia and formed multilateral organizations such as the CIS, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and the Union State, for economic and military cooperation. On the other hand, the Baltic states and all of the other former Warsaw Pact states became part of the European Union (EU) and joined NATO, while some of the other former Soviet republics like Ukraine, Georgia and Moldova have been publicly expressing interest in following the same path since the 1990s, despite Russian attempts to persuade them otherwise.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== 1985: Gorbachev elected ===\n\nMikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on 11 March 1985, just over four hours after his predecessor Konstantin Chernenko died at the age of 73. Gorbachev, aged 54, was the youngest member of the Politburo. His initial goal as general secretary was to revive the stagnating Soviet economy, and he realized that doing so would require reforming underlying political and social structures. The reforms began with personnel changes of senior Brezhnev-era officials who would",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who put a stop to the party that could have remained in power had the treaty been ratified in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | [
{
"id": 24973,
"question": "What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?",
"answer": "Communist Party",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 5674,
"question": "Who suspended #1 of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?",
"answer": "Yeltsin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
]
| Yeltsin | [
"Boris Yeltsin"
]
| true | Who suspended the party that would have maintained power if the treaty was signed in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? |
2hop__257831_123283 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Julius Caesar (1953 film)",
"paragraph_text": " film is a largely-faithful adaptation of Shakespeare's play, with no significant cuts or alterations to the original text. The only notable exception is the Messenger's text recounting the Battle of Philippi, which is substituted with a visual depiction of the battle.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n=== Cast as listed in end credits ===\n\n\n== Production ==\nProducer John Houseman says the film was made because Laurence Olivier's 1944 production of Henry V had been a success. MGM's head of production Dore Schary offered the project to Houseman, who said he wanted Joseph L. Mankiewicz to direct because he thought he and William Wyler were \"probably the two best dialogue directors in the business\" and that Mankiewicz was \"younger and more flexible.\"\nHouseman did not want to use an all-British cast. \"I'd done a lot of Shakespeare in America,\" he said. \"If it was going to be cast all-English, it should be an English picture, made in England and we might as well forget about it.\"\nHouseman says MGM wanted to make the film in color but he and Mankiewicz refused, \"partly because we wanted people to relate to the newsreels, to the Fascist movements in Europe, which were still relevant\" and also because they would be \"using a lot of the Quo Vadis sets, and it seemed idiotic to invite comparison with Quo Vadis.\"\nThough Houseman originally intended to shoot the film in Italy, production ultimately took place in Los Angeles instead. Many of the sets and costumes were repurposed from Quo Vadis (1951), with several setpieces deconstructed, flown from Rome to California, and rebuilt on MGM's Culver City studio backlot.\nHouseman says they \"decided to do it as a small production, not a spectacle; to do it for what it really is—the drama of a political power play.\"\n\n\n== Casting ==\n\nMany actors in this film had experience in the play. John Gielgud had played Mark Antony at the Old Vic Theatre in 1930 and Cassius at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1950, James Mason had played Brutus at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin in the 1940s, and John Hoyt, who plays Decius Brutus, also played him in the Mercury Theatre's 1937 stage version. Gielgud later played the title role in the 1970 film with Charlton Heston, Jason Robards and Richard Johnson (as Cassius) and in a stage production directed by John Schlesinger at the Royal National Theatre. John Houseman, who had produced the famous 1937 Broadway version of the play starring Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre, also produced the MGM film. By this time, however, Welles and Houseman had had a falling out, and Welles had nothing to do with the 1953 film. P. M. Pasinetti, Italian-American writer, scholar, and teacher at UCLA served as a technical advisor.\n\nBrando's casting wasJulius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who also wrote the uncredited screenplay, and produced by John Houseman. The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa. The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony, James Mason as Brutus, John Gielgud as Cassius, Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar, Edmond O'Brien as Casca, Greer Garson as Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr as Portia.JJulius Caesar is a 1953 epic Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film adaptation of the play by Shakespeare, directed by Joseph L. Mankiewicz, who also wrote the uncredited screenplay, and produced by John Houseman. The original music score is by Miklós Rózsa. The film stars Marlon Brando as Mark Antony, James Mason as Brutus, John Gielgud as Cassius, Louis Calhern as Julius Caesar, Edmond O'Brien as Casca, Greer Garson as Calpurnia, and Deborah Kerr as Portia. five categories at the 26th Academy Awards (including Best Picture and Best Actor for Brando), winning Best Art Direction - Black-and-White. Brando and Gielgud both won BAFTA Awards, Brando for Best Foreign Actor and Gielgud for Best British Actor.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\nUpon Caesar's return to Rome, after defeating Pompey in the civil war, his countrymen chose him a fourth time consul and then dictator for life. . . thus he became odious to moderate men through the extravagance of the titles and powers that were heaped upon him.\nThe film is a largely-faithful adaptation of Shakespeare's play, with no significant cuts or alterations to the original text. The only notable exception is the Messenger's text recounting the Battle of Philippi, which is substituted with a visual depiction of the battle.\n\n\n== Cast",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "John Houseman",
"paragraph_text": " in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.\n\n\n== Theatre producer ==\nHouseman worked as a speculator in the international grain markets, only turning to the theater following the 192Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.JHouseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943. reprised the role of Kingsfield in the 1978 television series adaptation.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nHouseman was born Jacques Haussmann on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) a governess and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.\n\n\n== Theatre producer ==\nHouseman worked as a speculator in the international grain markets, only turning to the theater following the 192Houseman was born on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.John Houseman (born Jacques Haussmann; September 22, 1902 – October 31, 1988) was a Romanian-born British-American actor and producer of theatre, film, and television. He became known for his highly publicized collaboration with director Orson Welles from their days in the Federal Theatre Project through to the production of Citizen Kane and his collaboration, as producer of The Blue Dahlia, with writer Raymond Chandler on the screenplay. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his portrayal of Professor Charles W. Kingsfield in the 1973 film The Paper Chase. He reprised the role of Kingsfield in the 1978 television series adaptation.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nHouseman was born Jacques Haussmann on September 22, 1902, in Bucharest, Romania, the son of May (née Davies) a governess and Georges Haussmann, who ran a grain business. His mother was British, from a Christian family of Welsh and Irish descent. His father was an Alsatian-born Jew. He was educated in England at Clifton College, became a British subject, and worked in the grain trade in London before emigrating to the United States in 1925, where he took the stage name of John Houseman. He became a United States citizen in 1943.\n\n\n== Theatre producer ==\nHouseman worked as a speculator in the international grain markets, only turning to the theater following the 1929 stock market crash.\nOn Broadway he co-wrote Three and One (1933) and And Be My Love (1934). Composer Virgil Thomson recruited him to direct Four Saints in Three Acts (1934), Thomson's collaboration with Gertrude Stein. He later directed The Lady from the Sea (1934) and Valley Forge (1934).\n\n\n=== Collaboration with Orson Welles ===\nIn 1934, Houseman was looking to cast Panic, a play he was producing based on a drama by Archibald MacLeish concerning a Wall Street financier whose world crumbles about him when consumed by the crash of 1929. Although the central figure is a man in his late fifties, Houseman became obsessed by the notion that a young man named Orson Welles he had seen in Katharine Cornell's production of Romeo and Juliet was the only person qualified to play the leading role. Welles consented and, after preliminary conversations, agreed to leave the play he was in after a single night to take the lead in Houseman's production. Panic opened at the Imperial Theatre on March 15, 1935. Among the cast was Houseman's ex-wife, Zita Johann, who had co-starred with Boris Karloff three years earlier in Universal's The Mummy.\nAlthough the play opened to indifferent notices and ran for a mere three performances, it nevertheless led to the forging of a theatrical team, a fruitful but stormy partnership in which Houseman said Welles \"was the teacher, I, the apprentice.\"\nHe supervised the direction of Walk Together Chillun in 1936.\n\n\n=== Federal Theatre Project ===\nIn 1936, the Federal Theatre Project of the Works Progress Administration put unemployed theatre performers and employees to work. The Negro Theatre Unit of the Federal Theatre Project was headed by Rose McClendon, a well-known black actress, and Houseman, a theatre producer. Houseman describes the experience in one of his memoirs:\n\nWithin a year of its formation, the Federal Theatre had more than fifteen thousand men and women on its payroll at an average wage of approximately twenty dollars a week. During the four years of its existence its productions played to more than thirty million people in more than two hundred theatres as well as portable stages, school auditoriums and public parks the country over.\n\n\n=== Macbeth (1936) ===\n\nHouseman immediately hired Welles and assigned him to direct Macbeth for the FTP's Negro Theater Unit, a production that became known as the \"Voodoo Macbeth\", as it was set in the Haitian court of King Henri Christophe (and with voodoo witch doctors for the three Weird Sisters) and starred Jack Carter in the title role. The incidental music was composed by Virgil Thomson. The play premiered at the Lafayette Theatre on April 14, 1936, to enthusiastic reviews and remained sold out for each of its nightly performances. The play was regarded by critics and patrons as an enormous, if controversial, success. After 10 months with the Negro Theater Project, however, Houseman felt he was faced with the dilemma of risking his future:\n\n... on a partnership with a 20-year-old boy in whose talent I had unquestioning faith but with whom I must increasingly play the combined and tricky roles of producer, censor, adviser, impresario, father, older brother and bosom friend.\nHouseman later produced for the Negro Theatre Unit Turpentine (1936) without Welles.\nIn 1936, Houseman and Welles were running a WPA unit in midtown Manhattan for classic productions called Project No. 891. Their first production was Christopher Marlowe's Tragical History of Dr. Faustus which Welles directed while also playing the title role.\nHouseman and Welles put on Horse Eats Hat (1936). Houseman, without Welles, helped in the direction of Leslie Howard's production of Hamlet (1936).\n\n\n=== The Cradle Will Rock (1937) ===\n\nIn June 1937, Project No. 891 produced their most controversial work with The Cradle Will Rock. Written by Marc Blitzstein, the musical was about Larry Foreman, a worker in Steeltown (played in the original production by Howard",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where did the individual who produced Julius Caesar receive their education or employment? | [
{
"id": 257831,
"question": "Julius Caesar >> producer",
"answer": "John Houseman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 123283,
"question": "Where did #1 study or work?",
"answer": "Clifton College",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
]
| Clifton College | []
| true | Where did the producer of Julius Caesar study or work? |
4hop3__794915_466199_695123_72134 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Ward Township, Randolph County, Indiana",
"paragraph_text": "Ward Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,109 and it contained 495 housing units.Ward Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,109 and it contained 495 housing units.Ward Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,109 and it contained 495 housing units.Ward Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2020 census, its population was 1,059 (down fromWard Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,109 and it contained 495 housing units.Ward Township is one",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Randolph County, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": " first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. George Rogers Clark of the army of Virginia captured the area from the British on July 4, 1778, near the end of the Revolutionary War. The area then became the seat, for several years, of Illinois County, Virginia, although the Congress of the Confederation legislated the existence of the Northwest Territory on July 13,Owing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital. Chester.\nOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. George Rogers Clark of the army of Virginia captured the area from the British on July 4, 1778, near the end of the Revolutionary War. The area then became the seat, for several years, of Illinois County, Virginia, although the Congress of the Confederation legislated the existence of the Northwest Territory on July 13, 1787. Edmund Randolph was Governor of Virginia at the time Virginia ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States. In 1809, when Illinois became a separate territory, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope, in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing Randolph as one of the Illinois' two original counties. The county's boundaries were last changed in 1827, when land was taken to form Perry County.\nThe Mississippi River has played a prominent role in the county's history, altering its boundaries in 1881 when it severedOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is",
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Springfield, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": " of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).Springfield is the capital city of the U.S. state of Illinois and the seat of Sangamon County. The city's population was 114,394 at the 2020 census, which makes it the state's seventh-most populous city, the second-most populous outside of the Chicago metropolitan area (after Rockford), and the most populous in Central Illinois. Approximately 208,000 residents live in the Springfield metropolitan area, which consists of all of Sangamon and Menard counties. Springfield lies in a plain near the Sangamon River north of Lake Springfield.\nSpringfield was settled by European-Americans in the late 1810s, around the time Illinois became a state. The most famous historic resident was Abraham Lincoln, who lived in Springfield from 1837 until 1861, upon becoming President of the United States. Major tourist attractions include multiple sites connected with Lincoln including the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Lincoln Home, Old State Capitol, Lincoln-Herndon Law Offices, and the Lincoln Tomb. Largely on the efforts of Lincoln and other area lawmakers, as well as its central location, Springfield was made the state capital in 1839.\nAs the state capital, the government of Illinois is based in Springfield. Springfield's economy is dominated by government agencies and adjacent firms that work with state and county governance, in addition to healthcare and medicine.Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).–council form of government and governs the Capital Township. Public schools in Springfield are operated by District No. 186.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-Civil War ===\nSettlersSpringfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C.",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "WIZE",
"paragraph_text": " AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield.WWIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield. (1913–1992), American saleswoman who developed \"party plan\" marketing\nChristopher Wise (born 1961), American author\nCody Wise, American singer\nDaniel Wise (disambiguation), several people, including\nDaniel Wise (American football)WIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield.Wise is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\nAnna Wise (born 1991), American singer\nAudrey Wise (1935–2000), United Kingdom politician\nBernhard Wise (1858–1916), Australian politician\nBob Wise (born 1948), American politician\nBrownie Wise (1913–1992), American saleswoman who developed \"party plan\" marketing\nChristopher Wise (born 1961), American author\nCody Wise, American singer\nDaniel Wise (disambiguation), several people, including\nDaniel Wise (American football) (born 1996), American football player\nDaniel Wise (author) (1813–1898), Methodist Episcopal clerical author\nDaniel Wise (playwright), American contemporary playwright, producer, and author\nDaniel Wise (mathematician) (born 1971), American mathematician\nDavid Wise (disambiguation), several people, including\nDavid Wise (composer), British video game music composer\nDavid Wise (cricketer) (born 1963), English cricketer\nDavid Wise (freestyle skier) (born 1990), American Olympic gold medalist\nDavid Wise (journalist) (1930–2018), American investigative journalist and writer\nDavid Wise (writer) (1955–2020), American television writer\nDeatrich Wise (born 1965), American football player\nDeatrich Wise Jr. (born 1994), American football player\nDennis Wise (born 1966), English footballer\nDeWayne Wise (born 1978), American baseball player\nDoc Wise (",
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]
| What is the date on which the town that hosts the licensed location of WIZE became the capital of the state where Ward Township resides? | [
{
"id": 794915,
"question": "Ward Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Randolph County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 466199,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Illinois",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 695123,
"question": "WIZE >> licensed to broadcast to",
"answer": "Springfield",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 72134,
"question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2",
"answer": "1839",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
]
| 1839 | []
| true | When did the town WIZE is licensed in become capitol of the state where Ward Township is located? |
3hop1__132967_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Daihatsu Boon",
"paragraph_text": "4 and 2023. The Passo was once sold at Toyota Corolla Store Japanese dealerships until it was consolidated with other Toyota dealers in 2020.\nOutside Japan, the first- and second-generation Boon is sold as the second- and third-generation Sirion. The first-generation Sirion was sold as the Storia in Japan.\nAccording to Daihatsu, the name \"Boon\" is derived from the English word boon, and also inspired by the sound that Japanese children make when imitating the sound of a car, while the name \"Passo\" is Italian for \"step\". According to Toyota, the name conjures up the image of a casual and approachable car.\n\n\n== First generation (M300/AC10; 2004) ==\n\nThe development for the first-generation Boon was led by Toyota chief engineer Tetsuya Tada. For the Japanese domestic market, the Boon were available with 996 cc and 1.3-litre engines. The major difference between the Japanese Boon and Sirion are automatic version where the gear-changing located beside the steering on the dashboard and the handbrake below the steering. Both the Japanese Boon and European Sirion were offered in both front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive versions. A 936 cc turbocharged version with four-wheel drive was also available, known as the Boon X4.\nThe Boon was designed for European tastes and the model took on a larger and stockier frame. It weighs about 940 kg (2,072 lb). With the back seats down, its luggage capacity increases from 225 L (8 cu ft) to 630 L (22 cu ft).\nIn early 2005, Daihatsu launched the Japanese-built 2nd generation Sirion in Brunei using the facility and parts from the Boon. The model was discontinued in 2010 before Daihatsu exited the Brunei market as the passenger cars market (except the commercial vehicles) in 2014 and the Sirion is replaced by the Perodua-badged Myvi, which is launched in the country since April 2016.\nOn 25 May 2005, Malaysian automaker Perodua launched a variant of the Boon known as the Perodua Myvi. Sporting a few cosmetic differences, the Myvi became Perodua's best-selling car in Malaysia for 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009.\nOn 25 December 2006, the Boon was restyled. This version was exported to Europe as the Sirion in 2007.\nIn 2007, Daihatsu launched the Sirion in Indonesia using the facility and parts from the Myvi.\nThe Subaru Justy was unveiled at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show using the Boon model. It is positioned as an entry-level model in Subaru's lineup.\nIn April 2013, Toyota New Zealand announced its decision to stop selling the second-generation Sirion, still on sale, stating it was unable to secure Daihatsu products that comply with future regulatory standards for New Zealand.\nThe second-generation Sirion was discontinued in South Africa in April 2015, when Daihatsu left the South African market.\n\nBoon/SThe is a subcompact car produced by Japanese automaker Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold as the . The Passo is sold at \"Toyota Corolla Store\" Japanese dealerships.The DaiThe is a subcompact car produced by Japanese automaker Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold as the . The Passo is sold at \"Toyota Corolla Store\" Japanese dealerships. Daihatsu since 2004, and also sold under Toyota brand as the Toyota Passo (Japanese: ト��タ・パッ��, Hepburn: Toyota Passo) between 2004 and 2023. The Passo was once sold at Toyota Corolla Store Japanese dealerships until it was consolidated with other Toyota dealers in 2020.\nOutside Japan, the first- and second-generation Boon is sold as the second- and third-generation Sirion. The first-generation Sirion was sold as the Storia in Japan.\nAccording to Daihatsu, the name \"Boon\" is derived from the English word boon, and also inspired by the sound that Japanese children make when imitating the sound of a car, while the name \"Passo\" is Italian for \"step\". According to Toyota, the name conjures up the image of a casual and approachable car.\n\n\n== First generation (M300/AC10; 2004) ==\n\nThe development for the first-generation Boon was led by Toyota chief engineer Tetsuya Tada. For the Japanese domestic market, the Boon were available with 996 cc and 1.3-litre engines. The major difference between the Japanese Boon and Sirion are automatic version where the gear-changing located beside the steering on the dashboard and the handbrake below the steering. Both the Japanese Boon and European Sirion were offered in both front-wheel drive and four-wheel drive versions. A 936 cc turbocharged version with four-wheel drive was also available, known as the Boon X4.\nThe Boon was designed for European tastes and the model took on a larger and stockier frame. It weighs about 940 kg (2,072 lb). With",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": " lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to include Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa. In March 1974, OAPEC lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oilSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": "A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When was the body style of the RX 350 model, a luxury variant manufactured by the same company that produced the Daihatsu Boon, altered? | [
{
"id": 132967,
"question": "What company built Daihatsu Boon?",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | []
| true | When did the rx 350 model of the luxury division of the company that built Daihatsu boon change body style? |
2hop__284613_87295 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles",
"paragraph_text": " her brother to knock on the spookiest house on the block for a quarter, which happens to belong to the Professor, and the three become more acquainted with him. After a second meeting, they begin spending time at the Professor's house, where he introduces them to games of concentration and observation. He reveals that there is a magic land called Whangdoodleland that can only be reached through the imagination, and that he is training them to accompany him there.\nWhangdoodleland is the home of the last Whangdoodle that lived in the world. Once the Whangdoodle, and other creatures that are now considered imaginary, lived in our world. However, fearing that people were losing their imaginations in the pursuit of power and greed, the Whangdoodle created a magic and peaceful world over which he reigns. The professor and the children explore this world.\nEach time the children return, they venture farther and farther into Whangdoodleland, intending to reach the palace where the Last Whangdoodle resides. However, the Whangdoodle's Prime Minister, the \"Oily Prock\", does not want them to disturb His Highness, and sets up a number of traps, both in Whangdoodleland and the real world to prevent this meeting. He enlists the marvelous and funny creatures of the land in his effort, including the High Behind Splintercat, the Sidewinders, the Oinck, the Gazooks, the Tree Squeaks, and the Swamp Gaboons. The children use their imaginations, intelligence, and the friendship of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to outwit the traps.\nThe kids at last meet the last Whangdoodle. It turns out he wants a female Whangdoodle to be his queen, so he won't be lonely, and Professor Savant's knowledge and talents have the ability to grant the Whangdoodle just that. That is, if the Professor can figure out exactly how to do it.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nAt the time of the book's publication, Judith Viorst said of the book in the New York Times, \"Unfortunately, Julie (Andrews) Edwards is more committed to improving her young readers than she is to entertaining them, and her book is sunk by an overload of virtue.\"\nAuthor Aimee Bender cites the book as one of the books that sticks with her most from childhood.\n\n\n== References ==The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andrews Edwards\".\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nThree siblings, Ben, Tom, and Melinda Potter (better knownThe Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andrews Edwards\".The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles is a children's novel written by Julie Edwards, the married name of singer and actress Dame Julie Andrews. More recent editions credit the book to \"Julie Andrews Edwards\".\".\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nThree siblings, Ben, Tom, and Melinda Potter (better known as Lindy), meet Professor Savant while visiting the zoo one rainy day. On Halloween, Lindy gets dared by her brother to knock on the spookiest house on the block for a quarter, which happens to belong to the Professor, and the three become more acquainted with him. After a second meeting, they begin spending time at the Professor's house, where he introduces them to games of concentration and observation. He reveals that there is a magic land called Whangdoodleland that can only be reached through the imagination, and that he is training them to accompany him there.\nWhangdoodleland is the home of the last Whangdoodle that lived in the world. Once the Whangdoodle, and other creatures that are now considered imaginary, lived in our world. However, fearing that people were losing their imaginations in the pursuit of power and greed, the Whangdoodle created a magic and peaceful world over which he reigns. The professor and the children explore this world.\nEach time the children return, they venture farther and farther into Whangdoodleland, intending to reach the palace where the Last Whangdoodle resides. However, the Whangdoodle's Prime Minister, the \"Oily Prock\", does not want them to disturb His Highness, and sets up a number of traps, both in Whangdoodleland and the real world to prevent this meeting. He enlists the marvelous and funny creatures of the land in his effort, including the High Behind Splintercat, the Sidewinders, the Oinck, the Gazooks, the Tree Squeaks, and the Swamp Gaboons. The children use their imaginations, intelligence, and the friendship of another denizen, the Whiffle Bird, to outwit the traps.\nThe kids at last meet the last Whangdoodle. It turns out he wants a female Whangdoodle to be his queen, so he won't be lonely, and Professor Savant's knowledge and talents have the ability to grant the Whangdoodle just that. That is, if the Professor can figure out exactly how to do it.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nAt the time of the book's",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "The Princess Diaries (film)",
"paragraph_text": " September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied industry expectations as pundits had expected the film to underperform due to its G rating and subject matter. The film's success is credited with establishing Hathaway as a bankable actress and reviving Andrews's film career. A sequel, The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement, was released in 2004, and a third installment has been in development since 2022.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nMia Thermopolis is a studentThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman.The Princess Diaries is a 2001 American coming-of-age comedy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Garry Marshall, and written by Gina Wendkos. Based on Meg Cabot's 2000 young adult novel of the same name, it stars Anne Hathaway and Julie Andrews, with a supporting cast consisting of Héctor Elizondo, Heather Matarazzo, Mandy MooreThe Princess Diaries is a 2001 American teen romantic comedy film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Gina Wendkos, based on Meg Cabot's 2000 novel of the same name. It stars Anne Hathaway (in her film debut) as Mia Thermopolis, a teenager who discovers that she is the heir to the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Genovia, ruled by her grandmother Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi (Julie Andrews). The film also stars Heather Matarazzo, Héctor Elizondo, Mandy Moore, and Robert Schwartzman. tutelage of her estranged grandmother (Andrews), the kingdom's reigning queen, Mia must choose whether to claim or renounce the title she has inherited.\nFeeling confident about the novel's film potential, Cabot's agent pursued producer Debra Martin Chase about adapting The Princess Diaries into a feature-length film, an idea she pitched to Disney upon reading the book. After obtaining the film rights, Disney originally greenlit the project under the title The Princess of Tribeca, reverting it once its setting was changed from New York to San Francisco, where the majority of the film was shot between September and December 2000. Marshall agreed to direct because he found the story ideal for family entertainment. Despite having little involvement in the film's development, Cabot was consulted about various changes to its story and characters. Hathaway won the lead role over several established young actresses in her motion picture debut, while The Princess Diaries commemorated the end of Andrews's semi-retirement from acting and return to Disney films, her first since Mary Poppins (1964).\nThe Princess Diaries premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on July 29, 2001, and was released in the United States on August 3. The film was an unexpected commercial success, grossing over $165 million worldwide. Despite receiving mixed reviews for its plot and themes, Hathaway's performance was widely praised by film critics. Ranking among the most profitable films of 2001, The Princess Diaries defied",
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| In the movie Princess Diaries, what role is performed by the writer of The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles? | [
{
"id": 284613,
"question": "The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles >> author",
"answer": "Julie Andrews",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 87295,
"question": "who does #1 play in princess diaries",
"answer": "Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| Queen dowager Clarisse Renaldi | []
| true | Who does the author of the The Last of the Really Great Whangdoodles play in Princess Diaries? |
2hop__30032_46621 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Heliocentrism",
"paragraph_text": " the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 –Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientificHeliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – 385 BC). In the 5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic period.\nIt was",
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Energy",
"paragraph_text": "amples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; itsExamples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.ExExamples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; itsExamples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the object falls to the ground, gravity does mechanical work on the object which transforms the potential energy in the gravitational field to the kinetic energy released as heat on impact with the ground. Our Sun transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy; its total mass does not decrease due to that in itself (since it still contains the same total energy even if in different forms), but its mass does decrease when the energy escapes out to its surroundings, largely as radiant energy.Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When was it found out that the astronomical object converting nuclear potential energy into various energy forms is at the heart of our solar system? | [
{
"id": 30032,
"question": "What transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy?",
"answer": "Sun",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 46621,
"question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system",
"answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| as early as the 3rd century BC | []
| true | When was the celestial body that transforms nuclear potential energy to other forms of energy discovered to be the center of the solar system? |
2hop__391258_161450 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Maraveh Tappeh County",
"paragraph_text": "Maraveh Tappeh County () is a county in Golestan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Maraveh Tappeh. It was separated from Kalaleh County in 2007. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 45,874, in 8,939 families. The county has two districts: Central District and Golidagh District. The county has one city: Maraveh Tappeh.Maraveh Tappeh County () is a county in Golestan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Maraveh Tappeh. It was separated from Kalaleh County in 2007. At the 2006 census, the county's population was 45,874, in 8,939 families. The county has two districts: Central District and Golidagh District. The county has one city: Maraveh Tappeh.Maraveh Tappeh County (Persian: شهرستان مراوه تپه) is in Golestan province, Iran. Its capital is the city of Maraveh Tappeh.\n\n\n== History ==\nAfter the 2006 National Census, Maraveh Tappeh District was separated from Kalaleh County in the establishment of Maraveh Tappeh County, which was divided into two districts of two rural districts each, with Maraveh Tappeh as its capital and only city at the time. After the 2016 census, the village of Golidagh was elevated to the status of a city.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== Population ===\nAt the time of the 2011 census, the county's population was 55,821 people in 12,815 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the county as 60,953 in 16,211 households.\n\n\n=== Administrative divisions ===\nMaraveh Tappeh County's population history and administrative structure over two consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.\n\n\n== See also ==\n Media related to Maraveh Tappeh County at Wikimedia Commons\n Iran portal\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==Maraveh Tappeh County (Persian: شهرستان مراوه تپه) is in Golestan province, Iran",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Golestan Province",
"paragraph_text": "-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Gorgan.Golestan Province (Persian: استان گلستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.\nThe province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. Majority of its population are Sunni Muslims.\nAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,593,055 in 379,354 households. The following census in 2011 showed an increase in population to 1,777,014 in 482,842 households. At the most recent census conducted in 2016, the population had risen to 1,868,819 in 550,249 households.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nGulistan, Golestan, or Golastan translates to \"gul-\" meaning \"flower\" and \"-stan\" meaning \"land\" or \"region.\" Golestan, therefore, literally means \"land of flowers\" in Iranian languages (e.g., Persian, Kurdish, and Mazandarani). This is a common toponym in countries with Persian linguistic roots (see Gulistan).\nThe capital of Gorgan derives its name from a wider region known historically as Gorgân (گرگان), Middle Persian Gurgān, and Old Persian Varkāna (in the Behistun Inscription) meaning \"land of wolvesGolestān Province (Persian: استان گلستان, Ostān-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Gorgan.7. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.\nThe province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regionsGolestān Province (Persian: استان گلستان, Ostān-e Golestān) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is Gorgan.Golestan Province (Persian: استان گلستان) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in the northeast of the country and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Its capital is the city of Gorgan, formerly called Esterabad until 1937. Golestan was split off from Mazandaran Province in 1997.\nThe province was made a part of Region 1 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions, solely for coordination and development purposes, on 22 June 2014. Majority of its population are Sunni Muslims.\nAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 1,593,055 in 379,354 households. The following census in 2011 showed an increase in population to 1,777,014 in 482,842 households. At the most recent census conducted in 2016, the population had risen to 1,868,819 in 550,249 households.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nGulistan, Golestan, or Golastan translates to \"gul-\" meaning \"flower\" and \"-stan\" meaning \"land\" or \"region.\" Golestan, therefore, literally means \"land of flowers\" in Iranian languages (e.g., Persian, Kurdish, and Mazandarani). This is a common toponym in countries with Persian linguistic roots (see Gulistan).\nThe capital of Gorgan derives its name from a wider region known historically as Gorgân (گرگان), Middle Persian Gurgān, and Old Persian Varkāna (in the Behistun Inscription) meaning \"land of wolves\". This is also the root of the Ancient Greek ���ρκανία (Hyrkanía) and Latin Hyrcania. Wild wolves are still found in Golestan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nHuman settlements in this area date back to 10,000 BC. Evidence of the ancient city of Jorjan can still be seen near the current city of Gonbad-e Kavus. It was an important city of Persia located on the Silk Road.\nUnder the Achaemenid Iran, it seems to have been administered as a sub-province of Parthia and is not named separately in the provincial lists of Darius and Xerxes. The Hyrcanians, however, under the leadership of Megapanus, are mentioned by Herodotus in his list of Xerxes' army during the invasion of Greece.\n\n\n== Administrative divisions ==\n\nThe population history and structural changes of Golestan Province's administrative divisions",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In what location can the province housing Maraveh Tappeh County be found? | [
{
"id": 391258,
"question": "Maraveh Tappeh County >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Golestan Province",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 161450,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| in the north-east of the country south of the Caspian Sea | [
"Caspian Sea"
]
| true | Where is the province that contains Maraveh Tappeh County located? |
2hop__82051_7298 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": " music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\" (a softer type of urban contemporary music), \"rhythmic AC\" (a softer type of rhythmic contemporary), and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected songs from artists of many different genres.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1960s: Early roots; easy listening and soft rock ===\n\nAdult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format,While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts. is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 17,
"title": "The One That Got Away (Katy Perry song)",
"paragraph_text": " of the song to American mainstream and rhythmic contemporary radio stations on October 11. The single was issued to Italian radios through EMI Music Publishing on October 28. On December 2, the remix EP of \"The One That Got Away\" was released. The remix featuring American rapper B.o.B was issued by Capitol Records to American pop and rhythmic radios on December 15, followed by a digital release of the song five days later. Acoustic rendition of the song was released on January 16, 2012.\nCapitol Records said that they are not specifically releasing the song in hopes of it reaching number one and rewriting Hot 100 history (since Perry was the first woman to obtain five number ones on the chart from one album), rather the decision came out of \"Perry's fondness for the song, its ear-catching hook and her obvious track record of success at pop radio\". EMI Music/Capitol Records EVP/marketing and promotion Greg Thompson told Billboard that, \"if it goes to No. 1, that would be great, If not, we still have a Katy song on theOriginally titled ``In Another Life '', the song was produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin, both of whom co-wrote it with Perry. It is a midtempo pop song positioned on the piece of E major and has a tempo of 134 beats per minute. Joanna Holcombe from Yahoo! Music noted that the song is about first loves. Leah Greenblatt from Entertainment Weekly, said that the song is`` a midtempo ode to a summer - after - high - school love with whom she recalls sharing Mustang makeout sessions to Radiohead '''. Michael Wood from Spin magazine said that the song is one of the album's quieter cuts and that it recall (s) ``Perry's singer - songwriter days at L.A.'s Hotel Café ''. The song follows the chord progression of E -- G ♯ m -- C ♯ m -- A, and Perry's vocal range spans from B to E. Kitty Empire noticed that Perry's vocal is wistful throughout the song and that the references to June and Johnny Cash were unexpected. Rob Sheffield from Rolling Stone stated that when Perry sings,' I was June, and you were my Johnny Cash, '`` it's understood that she's thinking of the scrubbed - up Hollywood version of June and Johnny, from Walk the Line.'' In 2017, the singer revealed that ``The One That Got Away ''was about Josh Groban., including Kelly Clarkson, Olivia Rodrigo and Conan Gray, Richard Marx, Jordan Pruitt, Selena Gomez & the Scene, and Tate McRae.\n\n\n== Release and artwork ==\nOn September 13, 2011, at the New York City's Irving Plaza, Capitol Records confirmed to Billboard that \"The One That Got Away\" would be the sixth single from Teenage Dream. Perry said from the label:\n\n\"I'm so pleased to select 'The One That Got Away' as my sixth single because this song shows a very different side of me that I haven't shown with my past singles on this record, I think that everyone can relate to this song. I wrote [it] about when you promise someone forever, but you end up not being able to follow through. It's a bittersweet story. Hopefully, the listener learns from hearing it and never",
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| Besides the individual mentioned in The One That Got Away, which renowned pop musician began his journey in the adult contemporary radio domain? | [
{
"id": 82051,
"question": "who was the one that got away about",
"answer": "Josh Groban",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 7298,
"question": "Along with #1 , what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?",
"answer": "Michael Bublé",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Michael Bublé | []
| true | Along with the subject of The One That Got Away, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio? |
2hop__223655_463572 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Let There Be Love (1953 Joni James album)",
"paragraph_text": "Let There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc 45-rpm regular-play box and on a 10-inch 33⅓-rpm album. The serial number, 222, coincidentally included James's lucky number, \"22,\" which appeared in many of her record serial numbers all over the world.brThe album is the first to present its songs as a book in music, opening with \"Let There BeLet There Be Love is Joni James debut album, recorded in 1953 and released by MGM Records at the end of the year. It was released in a four-disc 10-inch 78-rpm record box, in both a two-disc 7-inch 45-rpm extended-play foldout album and a four-disc ",
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"idx": 4,
"title": "Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)",
"paragraph_text": " are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as air\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.L\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances. listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as air\"Let There Be Love\" was an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks, released by Jasmine Records on March 1, 1993. While many of the songs included on the album were hits for Joni James in the 1950s, these are different performances.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Let There Be Love is an album of songs recorded by Joni James as airchecks",
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| Which music production company was responsible for the release of the first album by the artist who created the "Let There be Love" album in 1993? | [
{
"id": 223655,
"question": "Let There Be Love >> performer",
"answer": "Joni James",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 463572,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "MGM Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| MGM Records | [
"MGM"
]
| true | What record label released the debut album of the artist behind the 1993 album "Let There be Love". |
2hop__723101_150107 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "W. Bruce Croft",
"paragraph_text": " search. One of the most important areas of work for Croft relates to ranking functions and retrieval models, where he has led the development of one of the major approaches to modeling search: language modelling. In later years, Croft also led the way in the development of feature-based ranking functions. Croft and his research group have also developed a series of search engines: InQuery, the Lemur toolkit, Indri, and Galago. These search engines are open source and offer unique capabilities that are not replicated in other research retrieval platforms source – consequently they are downloaded by hundreds of researchers world wide. As a consequence of his work, Croft is one of the most cited researchers in information retrieval.\n\n\n== Education ==\nCroft earned a bachelor's degree with honors in 1973 and a master's degree in computer science in 1974 from Monash University in Melbourne, Australia. He earned his Ph.D in computer science from the University of Cambridge in 1979 and joined the University of Massachusetts, Amherst faculty later that year.\n\n\n== Honors and awards ==\nCroft has received several prestigious awards, including:\n\nACM Fellow in 1997\nAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology Research Award in 2000\nGerard Salton Award (a lifetime achievement award) from ACM SIGIR in He is the founder of the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval and served as the editor-in-chief of ACM Transactions on Information Systems from 1995 to 2002. He was also a member of the National Research Council Computer Science and Telecommunications Board from 2000 to 2003. Since 2015, he is the Dean of the College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He was Chair of the UMass Amherst Computer Science Department from 2001 to 2007.W.He is the founder of the Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval and served as the editor-in-chief of ACM Transactions on Information Systems from 1995 to 2002. He was also a member of the National Research Council Computer Science and Telecommunications Board from 2000 to 2003. Since 2015, he is the Dean of the College of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He was Chair of the UMass Amherst Computer Science Department from 2001 to 2007. of Massachusetts Amherst. He was Chair of the UMass Amherst Computer Science",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Communications of the ACM",
"paragraph_text": " The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientificCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.Articles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transition to entirely open access in February 2024, as part of ACM's commitment to make all articles open access. \nAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 22.7.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJournal of the ACM\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readershipCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transition to entirely open access in February 2024, as part of ACM's commitment to make all articles open access. \nAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 22.7.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJournal of the ACM\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of",
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| Who is the publisher of the association's communication that lists W. Bruce Croft as a member? | [
{
"id": 723101,
"question": "W. Bruce Croft >> member of",
"answer": "ACM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 150107,
"question": "Who published Communications of the #1 ?",
"answer": "Association for Computing Machinery",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Association for Computing Machinery | [
"ACM"
]
| true | Who published Communication of the association that W. Bruce Croft is a member of? |
2hop__409884_83837 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Home Alone Tonight",
"paragraph_text": " progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies. It became Bryan's thirteenth consecutive (and fifteenth overall) number one country music single on the Country Airplay chart dated of February 13, 2016. The song has sold 441,000 copies in the US as of April 2016.\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Home Alone Tonight\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former lovers together.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nAn uncredited review from Taste of Country was favorable, stating that it \"features more progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both``Home Alone Tonight ''is a song recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan as a duet with Karen Fairchild of American country music group Little Big Town for his fifth studio album, Kill the Lights (2015). Upon the release of the album, the song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 33 on the strength of digital downloads. It was serviced to American country radio on November 23, 2015 as the album's third official single. The song was written by Jody Stevens, Cole Taylor, Jaida Dreyer and Tommy Cecil.\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nBryan and Fairchild performed the song live at the 2015 American Music Awards.\n\n\n== Content ==\nThe song is a mid-tempo ballad in which a man and woman meet in a bar and plot revenge on their former lovers together.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nAn uncredited review from Taste of Country was favorable, stating that it \"features more progressive production than 'Strip It Down,' but isn’t quite as edgy as 'Kick the Dust Up.' One would hardly call the arrangement organic, but that fits the mood. The two spontaneous lovers promise they won’t regret what’s to come, even though both know it’s not true. It’s an inevitability that many will relate to.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song debuted at number 33 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart dated of August 29, 2015, the week the album was released, selling 13,000 copies in its first week. It debuted at number 55 on the Country Airplay chart dated of November 14, 2015 in anticipation of its official release. After Bryan and Fairchild performed the song on the 2015 American Music Awards, it debuted at number 97 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart dated of December 12, 2015, selling 16,000 copies.",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Country Girl (Shake It for Me)",
"paragraph_text": " which Davidson also co-wrote. After he found that he got a positive reaction from playing it in concert, Bryan then decided to release it as a single.\n\n\n== Song structure ==\nThe song is set in E dorian (i.e., an E minor scale with the sixth tone raised by a semitone), with open fifths in the accompaniment instead of chords, forming a pattern of E5-G5-D5-E5 twice in the verses. The chorus uses this pattern twice, and then follows it with a pattern of E5-G5-A5-E5-D5-A5-E5-G5-A5-E5 as Bryan sings \"Country girl, shake it for me, girl, shake it for me, girl, shake it for me.\" Clare Dunn sings backing vocals.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nMatt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a four\"Country Girl (Shake It for Me)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in March 2011 as the first single from his album \"Tailgates & Tanlines\". Upon being released, it debuted at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 2, 2011. The song was written by Bryan and Dallas Davidson. As of April 2014, it is the third best-selling song by a male country music solo artist.\"\"Country Girl (Shake It for Me)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in March 2011 as the first single from his album \"Tailgates & Tanlines\". Upon being released, it debuted at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 2, 2011. The song was written by Bryan and Dallas Davidson. As of April 2014, it is the third best-selling song by a male country music solo artist. ==\n\"Country Girl\" is a song about \"a country girl getting up there getting a little wild\", according to co-writer Dallas Davidson. Bryan said that he and Davidson came up with the idea after listening to hip-hop songs, when Bryan began playing a \"groove\". He then told Davidson that the country genre needed more songs about \"country girls shaking it a little bit\". Davidson said that he and Bryan were initially \"suspicious\" about the song's prospects as a hit, since it sounded so different from \"Rain Is a Good Thing\", which Davidson also co-wrote. After he found that he got a positive reaction from playing it in concert, Bryan then decided to release it as a single.\n\n\n== Song structure ==\nThe song is set in E dorian (i.e., an E minor scale with the sixth tone raised by a semitone), with open fifths in the accompaniment instead of chords, forming a pattern of E5-G5-D5-E5 twice in the verses. The chorus uses this pattern twice, and then follows it with a pattern of E5-G5-A5-E5-D5-A5-E5-G5-A5-E5 as Bryan sings \"Country girl, shake it for me, girl, shake it for me, girl, shake it for me.\" Clare Dunn sings backing vocals.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nMatt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a four\"Country Girl (Shake It for Me)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in March 2011 as the first single from his album \"Tailgates & Tanlines\". Upon being released, it debuted at number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 2, 2011. The song was written by Bryan and Dallas Davidson. As of April 2014, it is the third best-selling song by a male country music solo artist.\"Country Girl (Shake It for Me)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in March 2011 as the first single from his album Tailgates & Tanlines. Upon being released, it debuted at number 52 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 2, 2011. The song was written by Bryan and Dallas Davidson. As of April 2014, it is the third best-selling song by a male country music solo artist.\n\n\n== Background and writing ==\n\"Country Girl\" is a song about \"a country girl getting up there getting a little wild\", according to co-writer Dallas Davidson. Bryan said that he and Davidson came up with the idea after listening to hip-hop songs, when Bryan began playing a \"groove\". He then told Davidson that the country genre needed more songs about \"country girls shaking it a little bit\". Davidson said that he and Bryan were initially \"suspicious\" about the song's prospects as a hit, since it sounded so different from \"Rain Is a Good Thing\", which Davidson also co-wrote. After he found that he got a positive reaction from playing it in concert, Bryan then decided to release it as a single.\n\n\n== Song structure ==\nThe song is set in E dorian (i.e., an E minor scale with the sixth tone raised by a semitone), with open fifths in the accompaniment instead of chords, forming a pattern of E5-G5-D5-E5 twice in the verses. The chorus uses this pattern twice, and then follows it with a pattern of E5-G5-A5-E5-D5-A5-E5-G5-A5-E5 as Bryan sings \"Country girl, shake it for me, girl, shake it for me, girl, shake it for me.\" Clare Dunn sings backing vocals.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nMatt Bjorke of Roughstock gave the song a four-star rating and calling it a \"ditty\" but saying \"the song screams hit\" and calling it \"downright charming.\" Kevin John Coyne of Country Universe gave it a B grade, saying that Jason Aldean would have been too aggressive in this song, but Bryan \"melts away its sexist edge by layering it with goofiness and playful energy.\" calling it a \"shamelessly catchy ditty.\"\n\n\n== Commercial performance ==\nThe song was released for sales digital six weeks after the song was released to radio. It debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart at number 22, the highest debut of the week with 105,000 copies sold. The song reached its 3 million sales mark in the United States by April 2014, making it then the third best-selling song by a male country music solo artist. As of August 2017, the song has sold 3,660,000 copies in the US.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe music video was directed by Shaun Silva and premiered in May 2011. It was filmed in Los Angeles at Siren Studios. The video tells a story of a small-town girl coming to L.A. to audition and beat out all the big-city dancers. The ladies are shown practicing how to dance in boots. \n\n\n== Charts and certifications ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Country Girl (Shake It for Me)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan. It was released in March 2011 as the first single from his album Tailgates & Tanlines. Upon being released, it debuted at number 52",
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| Who is the artist performing Home Alone Tonight alongside the artist who sings Country Girl (Shake It for Me)? | [
{
"id": 409884,
"question": "Country Girl (Shake It for Me) >> performer",
"answer": "Luke Bryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 83837,
"question": "who sings home alone tonight with #1",
"answer": "Karen Fairchild",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
]
| Karen Fairchild | []
| true | Who sings Home Alone Tonight with the Country Girl (Shake It for Me) performer? |
2hop__543050_245420 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Bella Vista High School",
"paragraph_text": " but were defeated in 2010 by rival Folsom High School. In 2011, Folsom again took first place in the county competition, but in 2012 Bella Vista regained their title.\nThe moot court team earned the first-place team award at the National High School Moot Court Competition in Washington, D.C. in 2003, 2005 and 2006. In 2008, 2011, 2016, and 2020 they received 1st place in the county competition.\nBella Vista's Marching Band was recognized by Sacramento Magazine as one of the best marching bands in the Sacramento area in 2004 and 2005. Under the direction of Edward Moore, the band has accumulated hundreds of trophies and has competed out of state and even in Europe in 2006. They were also undefeated in their division in 2009. Two years later, in 2011, the band also went undefeated in their division, except for one judging error causing them to lose to the Del Oro marching band.\nThe school newspaper is known as La Bandera, while the school yearbook is called La Remuda.\n\n\n== Alumni ==\n\nLynn Anderson (1965), country music star\nRandall Bal (1999), member of the United States men's swim team\nJustin Bannan (1997), defensive tackle for the Denver Broncos\nRob Bonta (1989), Attorney General of California\nDJ Countess (2000), soccer player for Atletico Tigre\nCarl Cranke (1966), professional motorcycle enduro racer and member of the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame\nSteve Cronin (2001), goalkeeper for the D.C. United of Major League Soccer, 10th overall pick in 2004 MLS Superdraft\nAngel Deradoorian, member of indie rock band Dirty Projectors and solo artist\nAlyssa Farah, 3rd White House Director of Strategic Communications and former press secretary for Mike Pence\nJohn Fund (1975), journalist\n*Justin Haley, former MLB player (Minnesota Twins, Boston Red Sox)\nHill Harper (1984), author and actor, presently as Sheldon Hawkes on CSI: NY\nJohn Holland, member of the 1972 USA Olympic Team, whitewater kayaking\nJay Johnson (1967), former model and Warhol Superstar\nJed Johnson (1967), interior designer and film director\nGordon King (1974), professional football player for the New York Giants\nPeter Lowry (2003), midfielder for the Portland Timbers of Major League Soccer\nJoan Lunden (1968), actress and former host of Good Morning America\nDerek Miles (1991), finished seventh in the pole vault at the 2004 Summer Olympics, and fourth at the 2008 Summer Olympics\nDave Revering, former MLB first baseman\nTyler Robertson (2006), 2006 California State Baseball player of the Year, MLB player (Minnesota Twins)\nCasey Serin (2000), \"the world's most hated blogger\", known for mortgage fraud\nRamit Sethi (2000), author of \"I Will Teach You To Be Rich\"\nKevin Sharp (1989), country singer\nHeather Rene Smith (2005), Playboy Playmate\nNicholas Sparks (1984), Author of 22 novels, 11 of which have been turned into films.\nSteven L. Thompson (1966) author, journalist, historian, motorcycle racer\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteBella Vista High School is a public high school in Fair Oaks, California. It is a member of the San Juan Unified School District and serves eastern Fair Oaks and southern Orangevale. In 2003, the California Department of Education's School Recognition Program honored Bella Vista High School as a \"California Distinguished School\". It was also the only school in Sacramento County to receive this honor in 2003. In 2009, it received the same recognition again from the California Department of Education. On November 18, 2010, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary with a special presentation for all past and current students. The presentation included a guided tourBella Vista High School is a public high school in Fair Oaks, California and a member of the San Juan Unified School District. In 2003, the California Department of Education's School Recognition Program honored Bella Vista High School as a \"California Distinguished School\". It was also the only school in Sacramento County to receive this honor in 2003. In 2009, it received the same recognition again from the California Department of Education. On November 18, 2010, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary with a special presentation for all past and current students. The presentation included a guided tour of the school spotlighting where changes have been made throughout the campus since the school's foundation in 1960.BBella Vista High School is a public high school in Fair Oaks, California and a member of the San Juan Unified School District. In 2003, the California Department of Education's School Recognition Program honored Bella Vista High School as a \"California Distinguished School\". It was also the only school in Sacramento County to receive this honor in 2003. In 2009, it received the same recognition again from the California Department of Education. On November 18, 2010, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary with a special presentation for all past and current students. The presentation included a guided tour of the school spotlighting where changes have been made throughout the campus since the school's foundation in 1960. campus since the school's foundation in 1960.\n\n\n== Curriculum ==\nBella Vista offers ten AP courses. A special business course called Advanced Computer Applications is available to qualified students who, once completed, will be eligible for three units of credit at Sacramento State University through the Accelerated College Entrance off-campus program. It is one of the few campuses in its district to offer Japanese. Other foreign languages include French and Spanish.\n\n\n== Extracurricular activities ==\nThe academic decathlon team has represented Sacramento County in the California Academic Decathlon for 20 out of the past 24 years. In 2008, the team took back the county title after placing third in 2007. In 2009 they won the county again but were defeated in 2010 by rival Folsom High School. In 2011, Folsom again took first place in the county competition, but in 2012 Bella Vista regained their title.\nThe moot court team earned the first-place team award at the National High School Moot Court Competition in Washington, D.C. in 2003, 2005 and 2006. In 2008, 2011, 2016, and 2020 they received 1st place in the county competition.\nBella Vista's Marching Band was recognized by Sacramento Magazine as one of the best marching bands in the Sacramento area in 2004 and 2005. Under the direction of Edward Moore, the band has accumulated hundreds of trophies and has competed out of state and even in Europe in 2006. They were also undefeated in their division in 2009. Two years later, in 2011, the band also went undefeated in their division, except for one judging error causing them to lose to the Del Oro marching band.\nThe school newspaper is known as",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Fair Oaks, California",
"paragraph_text": " ==\n\n\n=== Geography ===\nFair Oaks is a natural, lush foliage town with rolling streets, canopies of trees, located at 38°39′5″N 121°15′33″W (38.651254, -121.259279), between Sacramento and Folsom.\nFair Oaks is bounded on the south side by the American River, and Gold River, on the north side by the city of Citrus Heights, on the west side by Carmichael, and the east side by Orangevale and Folsom. Fair Oaks has a mix of upscale, custom home pocket areas, few apartments, and is a semi-rural neighborhood with easy access to Highway 50.\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11.2 square miles (29 km2), of which, 10.8 square miles (28 km2) of it is land and 0.5 square miles (1.3 km2) of it (4.02%) is water.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\nFair Oaks has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa), characterized by damp to wet, mild winters and hot, dry summers.\n\n\n==== Temperature ====\nThe normal annual mean temperature is 61.0 °F (16.1 °C), with the monthly daily average temperature ranging from 46.4 °F (8.0 °C) in December to 75.5 °F (24.2 °Fair Oaks is bounded on the south side by the American River, and Rancho Cordova, on the north side by the city of Citrus Heights, on the west side by Carmichael, and the east side by Orangevale and Folsom. Fair Oaks has a mix of suburban and semi-rural neighborhoods.Fair Oaks is bounded on the south side by the American River, and Rancho Cordova, on the north side by the city of Citrus Heights, on the west side by Carmichael, and the east side by Orangevale and Folsom. Fair Oaks has a mix of suburban and semi-rural neighborhoods.",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| What is the name of the city that borders the region where Bella Vista High School is located? | [
{
"id": 543050,
"question": "Bella Vista High School >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Fair Oaks",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 245420,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Citrus Heights",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| Citrus Heights | []
| true | Which city shares border with the area having Bella Vista High School? |
3hop1__103440_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Kiwil",
"paragraph_text": "wil married his first wife, Rochimah, on February 28, 1998, and they have four sons. His second wife is Meggy Wulandari.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n(in Indonesian) Berita Kiwil\nFacebook Kiwil (Hoho)\nTwitter KiwilWildan Delta, also known as Kiwil (born August 10, 1972) is an Indonesian actor and comedian of Minangkabau descent. His first film appearance was in the horror film Tiren: Mati Kemaren in 2008.\n\n\n== Career ==\nKiwil began his career as a stand-up comedian and film actor in Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films Tulalit, Paku Kuntilanak, Setan Budeg, and Nenek Gayung. Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show Yuk Keep Smile.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nWildan Delta was born on August 10, 1972, in Jakarta. Kiwil married his first wife, Rochimah, on February 28, 1998, and they have four sons. His second wife is Meggy Wulandari.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n(in Indonesian) Berita Kiwil\nFacebook Kiwil (Hoho)\nTwitter KiwilWildan Delta, also known as Kiwil (born August 10, 1972) is an Indonesian actor and comedian of Minangkabau descent. His first film appearance was in the horror film Tiren: Mati Kemaren in 2008.\n\n\n== Career ==\nKiwil began his career as a stand-up comedian and film actor in Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films Tulalit, Paku Kuntilanak, Setan Budeg, and Nenek Gayung. Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show Yuk Keep Smile.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nWildan Delta was born on August 10, 1972, in Jakarta. Kiwil married his first wife, Rochimah, on February 28, 1998, and they have four sons. His second wife is Meggy Wulandari.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n(in Indonesian) Berita Kiwil\nFacebook Kiwil (Hoho)\nTwitter KiwilWildan DeltaKiwil began his career as a stand-up comedian and film actor in Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films \"Tulalit\", \"Paku Kuntilanak\", \"Setan Budeg\", and \"Nenek Gayung\". Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show \"Yuk Keep Smile\".Kiwil began his career as a stand-up comedian and film actor in Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films \"Tulalit\", \"Paku Kuntilanak\", \"Setan Budeg\", and \"Nenek Gayung\". Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show \"Yuk Keep Smile\". Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films Tulalit, Paku Kuntilanak, Setan Budeg, and Nenek Gayung. Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show Yuk Keep Smile.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nWildan Delta was born on August 10, 1972, in Jakarta. Kiwil married his first wife, Rochimah, on February 28, 1998, and they have four sons. His second wife is Meggy Wulandari.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n(in Indonesian) Berita Kiwil\nFacebook Kiwil (Hoho)\nTwitter KiwilWildan Delta, also known as Kiwil (born August 10, 1972) is an Indonesian actor and comedian of Minangkabau descent. His first film appearance was in the horror film Tiren: Mati Kemaren in 2008.\n\n\n== Career ==\nKiwil began his career as a stand-up comedian and film actor in Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films Tulalit, Paku Kuntilanak, Setan Budeg, and Nenek Gayung. Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show Yuk Keep Smile.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nWildan Delta was born on August 10, 1972, in Jakarta. Kiwil married his first wife, Rochimah, on February 28, 1998, and they have four sons. His second wife is Meggy Wulandari.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\n\n=== Television ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n(in Indonesian) Berita Kiwil\nFacebook Kiwil (Hoho)\nTwitter KiwilWildan Delta, also known as Kiwil (born August 10, 1972) is an Indonesian actor and comedian of Minangkabau descent. His first film appearance was in the horror film Tiren: Mati Kemaren in 2008.\n\n\n== Career ==\nKiwil began his career as a stand-up comedian and film actor in Indonesia. He has since appeared in the films Tulalit, Paku Kuntilanak, Setan Budeg, and Nenek Gayung. Kiwil also become one of the cast of the Indonesian comedy show Yuk Keep Smile.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nWildan Delta was born on August 10, 1972, in Jakarta. Kiwil married his first wife, Rochimah, on February 28, 1998, and they have four sons. His second wife is Meggy Wulandari.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n=== Film ===",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica Regency, with its capital at Liquica, consisted of Liquica, Bazar-Tete, and Maubara districts.\nErmera Regency, with its capital at Gleno, consisted of Ermera, Atsabe, Hatolia, Lete-Foho, and Railaco districts.\nAileu Regency, with its capital at Aileu, consisted of Aileu, Remexio, Laulara, and Lequidoe districts.\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\n1999 East Timorese crisis\nEast Timor–Indonesia relations\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nReport of CAVR — Chega!\nETAN.org: East Timor Action Network\nETAN.org: Articles and reports − 1991 to 1996East Timor (Indonesian: Timor Timur) was a province of Indonesia between 1976 and 1999, during the Indonesian occupation of the country. Its territory corresponded to the previous Portuguese Timor and to the present-day independent country of East Timor.\nFrom 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, called \"Portuguese Timor\". In 1974, Portugal initiated a gradual decolonisation process of its remaining overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict between the different Timorese parties erupted. Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 and formally annexed the territory in 1976, declaring it Indonesia's 27th province andDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Tim",
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| Which president presides over the second nation that was involved in the Commission of Truth and Friendship, along with the native country of Kiwil? | [
{
"id": 103440,
"question": "What is Kiwil's country of original?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| Francisco Guterres | []
| true | Kiwil's birth country participated in a Commission of Truth and Friendship. Who is the president of the other country that participated? |
2hop__269076_449113 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Jonathan Gruber (filmmaker)",
"paragraph_text": ", and non-profit work. He was a co-creator and director on the 2018 MSNBC series, The Story of Cool.\nFilmography\n\nJewish Soldiers in Blue & Gray (2011)\nFollow Me: The Yoni Netanyahu Story (2012)\nUpheaval: The Journey of Menachem Begin (2021)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Other Resources ==\nSuccessful Kickstarter Campaign for Deal with the Devil\nGruber's IMDB\nJonathan Gruber's WebsiteJonathan Gruber is an American director of documentary films, commercials, and videos. He is Jewish.\nProjects that Gruber directed and produced have screened at festivals and in theaters nationwide and around the world, and have aired on PBS, The History Channel, National Geographic, Discovery Networks, and more.\nHis film, Follow Me: The Yoni Netanyahu Story, was an in depth look into the private life of the man who became the hero and pivotal strategist in the Israeli rescue of the Israeli hostages from Entebbe, Uganda following the hijacking of an Air France plane by Palestinian militants, which Idi Amin permitted to land in his country. After the Jewish and Israeli passengers were separated and threatened, the Israeli government quickly devised Operation Entebbe, which ended with the rescue of the passengers, but the death of Netanyahu. The film won awards at several national film festivals.\nGruber also directed a film about the American Civil War, Jewish Soldiers in Blue & Gray, and two other notable films. Jonathan currently has one film in development, another in pre-production, and runs a successful film and video production company, Black Eye Productions, which is hired for corporate, PSA, and non-profit work. He was a co-creator and director on the 2018 MSNBC series, The Story of Cool.\nFilmography\n\nJewish Soldiers in Blue & Gray (2011)\nFollow Me: The Yoni Netanyahu Story (2012)\nUpheaval: The Journey of Menachem Begin (2021)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Other Resources ==\nSuccessful Kickstarter Campaign for Deal with the Devil\nGruber's IMDB\nJonathan Gruber's WebsiteJonathan Gruber is an American director of documentary films, commercials, and videos. He is Jewish.\nProjects that Gruber directed and produced have screened at festivals and in theatersHis film, \"Follow Me: The Yoni Netanyahu Story\", was an in depth look into the private life of the man who became the hero and pivotal strategist in the Israeli rescue of the Israeli hostages from Entebbe, Uganda following the hijacking of an Air France plane by Palestinian militants, which Idi Amin permitted to land in his country. After the Jewish and Israeli passengers were separated and threatened, the Israeli government quickly devised Operation Entebbe, which ended with the rescue of the passengers, but the death of Netanyahu. The film won awards at several national film festivals.JHis film, \"Follow Me: The Yoni Netanyahu Story\", was an in depth look into the private life of the man who became the hero and pivotal strategist in the Israeli rescue of the Israeli hostages from Entebbe, Uganda following the hijacking of an Air France plane by Palestinian militants, which Idi Amin permitted to land in his country. After the Jewish and Israeli passengers were separated and threatened, the Israeli government quickly devised Operation Entebbe, which ended with the rescue of the passengers, but the death of Netanyahu. The film won awards at several national film festivals. which Idi Amin permitted to land in his country. After the Jewish and Israeli passengers were separated and threatened, the Israeli government quickly devised Operation Entebbe, which ended with the rescue of the passengers, but the death of Netanyahu. The film won awards at several national film festivals.\nGruber also directed a film about the American Civil War, Jewish Soldiers in Blue & Gray, and two other notable films. Jonathan currently has one film in development, another in pre-production, and runs a successful film and video production company, Black Eye Productions, which is hired for corporate, PSA, and non-profit work. He was a co-creator and director on the 2018 MSNBC series, The Story of Cool.\nFilmography\n\nJewish Soldiers in Blue & Gray (2011)\nFollow Me: The Yoni Netanyahu Story (2012)\nUpheaval: The Journey of Menachem Begin (2021)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Other Resources ==\nSuccessful Kickstarter Campaign for Deal with the Devil\nGruber's IMDB\nJonathan Gruber's WebsiteJonathan Gruber is an American director of documentary films, commercials, and videos. He is Jewish.\nProjects that Gruber directed and produced have screened at festivals and in theaters nationwide and around the world, and have aired on PBS, The History Channel, National Geographic, Discovery",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Brit Air",
"paragraph_text": " regional brand name.\nBrit Air ceased all flight operations in March 2017 after its merger with HOP!.\n\n\n== Destinations ==\nBrit Air operated the following services (as of March 2013):\n\n\n== Fleet ==\nIn August 2019, the Brit Air fleet consisted of the following aircraft with an average age of 10.6 years:\n\n\n=== Fleet development ===\nOver the years, the airline has operated various aircraft types including:\n\n\n== Incidents and accidents ==\nOn 22 June 2003, Air France Flight 5672 from Nantes to Brest, which was operated by a Brit Air CRJ100, crashed 2.3 miles short of the runway when attempting to land at Brest Bretagne Airport at 23:55 local time, resulting in the death of the captain. The aircraft involved (registered F-GRJS) subsequently caught fire (after all 21 passengers on board had been evacuated) and was damaged beyond repair. The most probable cause of the accident wasBrit Air (short for Brittany Air International) is a regional airline based at Morlaix Airport in Ploujean, Morlaix, Brittany, France, operating scheduled services as an Air France franchise from Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport, Paris-Orly Airport and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport.BBrit Air (short for Brittany Air International) is a regional airline based at Morlaix Airport in Ploujean, Morlaix, Brittany, France, operating scheduled services as an Air France franchise from Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport, Paris-Orly Airport and Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport. de Gaulle Airport.\nThe airline, along with Régional and Airlinair, was fully merged with HOP! since 2017 after a year of negotiation process.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 31 March 2013, all Brit Air flights are operated under the HOP! name, Air France's new regional brand name.\nBrit Air ceased all flight operations in March 2017 after its merger with HOP!.\n\n\n== Dest",
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| Where can the main office of the entity responsible for Operation Entebbe be found? | [
{
"id": 269076,
"question": "Operation Entebbe >> operator",
"answer": "Air France",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 449113,
"question": "#1 >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport | [
"Paris"
]
| true | Where is the headquarters of the operator of Operation Entebbe? |
3hop1__587540_514761_594810 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Candy Coburn",
"paragraph_text": " the song would someday be an inspiration to others who have been touched by cancer. She was surprised when she was contacted by the well-known Susan G. Komen for the Cure organization only one month after Pink Warrior was recorded. In an agreement with Susan G. Komen for the Cure, 100% of the artist and producer proceeds from sales of the song are donated to Komen, and Candy Coburn became a celebrity ambassador for Susan G. Komen for the Cure, using her extensive tour schedule averaging over 150 dates per year as a platform to help increase awareness about the fight against breast cancer. The song got its official debut when Candy performed Pink Warrior during the parade of more than 3,600 breast cancer survivors representing 18 countries at the first annual Susan G. Komen Global Race for the Cure in Washington, D.C., on The National Mall on June 6, 2009.\nFollowing the Global Race, Candy went on to perform in many venues throughout the country, including numerous major state fairs, college events, NASCAR, and other Komen related events. After a September 4, 2009, performance of \"Pink Warrior\" at the New York State Fair, Mark Bialczak of The Post-Standard wrote: \"It was soaring song about women who fight the disease every day. And it wasn't just the folks in the \"Pink Warrior\" section who cheered Coburn for it.\"\nIn 2010 \"Pink Warrior\" is being used as the theme song for the Susan G. Komen 3-Day for the Cure events. In addition to her own full tour schedule for 2010, Candy is scheduled to perform for all of the 3-Day events in 15 major U.S. cities.\nThe video for Pink Warrior can be seen on YouTube.\n\n\n== History ==\nCandy Coburn was born in Kentucky and raised in Missouri and Texas. Her love for music came from her grandmother, who listened to gospel music along with Glenn Miller, Loretta Lynn and George Jones. Candy knew from her very earliest memories she was meant for a career in music entertainment and began to dedicate herself to learning everything she needed to become a successful performer.\nShe went to the University of Missouri on a vocal scholarship and completed a degree in Theatre. Although her performances in the university musicals were very popular with audiences, Candy was drawn more toward a career as a musician.\nAfter college, Candy began learning to write her own songs and later got the first of a series of green guitars which quickly became known as her signature green guitar. When the guitar was irreparably damaged in a car accident on the way to the Season 3 Regional competition of Nashville Star, the Alvarez Guitar company found out about the accident and provided her with several green guitars during a two-year endorsement deal. In 2008, the Carvin Corporation picked up where Alvarez left off and continued to provide Candy with her signature green guitars.\nCandy's first album, Enjoy the Ride, was followed by her second, Rev It Up, which came out in 2007. Coburn focusedCandy Coburn is an American national performing country music artist who has shared the stage with many notable artists, including Brooks and Dunn, Kellie Pickler, Montgomery Gentry, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert, Gary Allan, Josh Turner, Lady Antebellum and others. Scheduled to release her third album in 2010, Candy's most notable contribution to music so far has been her song, \"Pink Warrior.\"Candy Coburn is an American national performing country music artist who has shared the stage with many notable artists, including Brooks and Dunn, Kellie Pickler, Montgomery Gentry, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert, Gary Allan, Josh Turner, Lady Antebellum and others. Scheduled to release her third album in 2010, Candy's most notable contribution to music so far has been her song, \"Pink Warrior.\".\"\n\n\n== Pink Warrior ==\n\"Pink Warrior\" was co-written by Candy Coburn, whose grandmother fought breast cancer for 10 years, along with respected Nashville writers Kaci",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Mama's Broken Heart",
"paragraph_text": " McAnally and Kacey Musgraves, and is about a woman losing control after a break-up and ignoring her mother's advice on dealing with such a situation.\"Mama's Broken Heart\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released on January 14, 2013 as the fourth single from Lambert's album, \"Four the Record\" (2011). \"Mama's Broken Heart\" was written by Brandy Clark, Shane McAnally and Kacey Musgraves, and is about a woman losing control after a break-up and ignoring her mother's advice on dealing with such a situation.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Pure BS",
"paragraph_text": "Pure BS is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Blake Shelton, released in 2007 on Warner Bros. Records Nashville. It produced the singles \"Don't Make Me\" and \"The More I Drink\". The album was re-released in 2008 with three bonus tracks, one of which — a cover of Michael Bublé's \"Home\" — was released as a single, becoming Shelton's fourth Number One country hit. Of the eleven tracks, Shelton co-wrote three. The album has been certified Gold by RIAA.== Content ==\nUnlike Shelton's first three albums, which were all produced by Bobby Braddock, Pure BS features three different producers: Braddock, as well as Brent Rowan and Paul Worley.\nThe album's first single was \"Don't Make Me\", which peaked at number 12 on the Billboard country charts in 2007. Following this was the David Lee Murphy co-write \"The More I Drink\" which peaked at number 19",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| To which record label is the partner of the artist who sang 'Mama's Broken Heart' signed? | [
{
"id": 587540,
"question": "Mama's Broken Heart >> performer",
"answer": "Miranda Lambert",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 514761,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Blake Shelton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 594810,
"question": "#2 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| Warner Bros. Records | []
| true | What record label does the spouse of Mama's Broken Heart's performer belong to? |
3hop1__38426_91850_685675 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Yankee Stadium",
"paragraph_text": " but the state legislature did not provide financing for the stadium. In a statewide referendum in 1987, New Jersey taxpayers rejected $185 million in public financing for a baseball stadium for the Yankees. Despite the rejection from New Jersey, Steinbrenner frequently threatened to move as leverage in negotiations with New York City.\nIn 1988, Mayor Ed Koch agreed to have city taxpayers spend $90 million on a second renovation of Yankee Stadium that included luxury boxes and restaurants inside the stadium and parking garages and traffic improvements outside. Steinbrenner agreed in principle, but then backed out of the deal. In 1993, Mayor David Dinkins expanded on Koch's proposal by offering his Bronx Center vision for the neighborhood, including new housing, a new courthouse, and relocating the Police Academy nearby.\nIn 1993, New York Governor Mario Cuomo proposed using the West Side Yard, a 30-acre (12 ha) rail yard along the West Side of Manhattan and owned by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, as the location for a new stadium for the Yankees. However, Cuomo lost his re-election bid a few months later. By 1995, Steinbrenner had rejected 13 proposals to keep the Yankees in the Bronx.\nIn 1998, Bronx Borough President Fernando Ferrer proposed spending $600 million in public money to add dozens of luxury boxes to the stadium, to improve highway and public transportation access, and to create a Yankee Village, with shops, restaurants, and a museum. Steinbrenner rejected this as well. That same year, Mayor Rudy Giuliani unveiled a plan to relocate the Yankees to the West Side Yard for a $1 billion stadium. However, with most of the funding coming from taxpayers, Giuliani tabled the proposal, fearing rejection in a citywide referendum. The West Side Stadium plan resurfaced in December 2001, and by January 2002, months after the September 11 attacks, Giuliani announced \"tentative agreements\" for both the New York Yankees and New York Mets to build newBefore the official Opening Day against the Cleveland Indians on April 16, 2009, the Yankees hosted a two - game exhibition series at the stadium in early April against the Chicago Cubs. Grady Sizemore of the Indians was the first player to hit a grand slam off of Yankee pitcher Dámaso Marte. The Indians and 2008 Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee spoiled the opening of the new stadium by winning 10 -- 2. Before the Yankees went to bat for the first time, the bat that Babe Ruth used to hit his first home run at the old Yankee Stadium in 1923 was placed momentarily on home plate. Jorge Posada hit the first Yankee home run in the new ballpark hitting his off Lee in the same game. Russell Branyan, while playing for the Seattle Mariners, was the first player to hit a home run off of the Mohegan Sun Restaurant in center field. was built with $1.2 billion in public subsidies and is one of the most expensive stadiums ever built.\nYankee Stadium became the home field of the MLS expansion club New York City FC in 2014, which is owned by City Football Group and the Yankees. It will be an interim venue for the club until a soccer-specific stadium is constructed. It has also occasionally hosted college football games, including the annual Pinstripe Bowl, concerts, and other athletic and entertainment events.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Planning ===\nNew York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner began campaigning for a new stadium in the early 1980s, just a few years after the remodeled Yankee Stadium opened. Steinbrenner at the time was reportedly considering a move to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in New Jersey. New Jersey Governor Thomas Kean in 1984 authorized the use of land for a new baseball stadium in the Meadowlands, but the state legislature did not provide financing for the stadium. In a statewide referendum in 1987, New Jersey taxpayers rejected $185 million in public financing for a baseball stadium for the Yankees. Despite the rejection from New Jersey, Steinbrenner frequently threatened to move as leverage in negotiations with New York City.\nIn 1988, Mayor Ed Koch agreed to have city taxpayers spend $90 million on a second renovation of Yankee Stadium that included luxury boxes and restaurants inside the stadium and parking gar",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "The Bronx",
"paragraph_text": "-highest population density.The Bronx /��br����ks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.The Bronx /��br����ks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largestLike other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern boundary. The South Bronx has many high-density apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multi-unit homes. The South Bronx is home to the Bronx County Courthouse, Borough Hall, and other government buildings, as well as Yankee Stadium. The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west. The South Bronx has some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, as well as very high crime areas.The Bronx /��br����ks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.The Bronx /��br����ks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.The Bronx /��br����ks/ is",
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},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Jorge Posada",
"paragraph_text": " to hit 30 home runs in a season. Posada added one of his best seasons in 2007 at age 37 when he batted .338. Following a stint as designated hitter in 2011, he retired.\nPosada is only the fifth MLB catcher with at least 1,500 hits, 350 doubles, 275 home runs, and 1,000 RBIs in a career. From 2000 to 2011, he compiled more RBIs and home runs than any other catcher in baseball. He is the only MLB catcher to ever bat .330 or better with 40 doubles, 20 home runs, and 90 RBIs in a single season. Away from baseball, Posada is the founder of the Jorge Posada Foundation, which is involved with research for craniosynostosis, a birth defect that impacts his son.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nJorge Posada was born on AugustJorge Rafael Posada Villeta (born August 17, 1971) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball catcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. Posada produced strong offensive numbers for his position, recording a .273 batting average, 275 home runs, and 1,065 runs batted in (RBIs) during his career. A switch hitter, Posada was a five-time All-Star, won five Silver Slugger Awards, and was on the roster for four World Series championship teams.JJorge Rafael Posada Villeta (born August 17, 1971) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball catcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. Posada produced strong offensive numbers for his position, recording a .273 batting average, 275 home runs, and 1,065 runs batted in (RBIs) during his career. A switch hitter, Posada was a five-time All-Star, won five Silver Slugger Awards, and was on the roster for four World Series championship teams.0, Posada was originally an infielder before moving to catcher during his minor league career. He debuted in the major leagues in 1995, but it was not until 1998 that he found regular playing time. A solid-hitting catcher, Posada established himself as a mainstay in the Yankees lineup and as one of the \"Core Four\" players who contributed to the Yankees' winning seasons. In 2003, he finished third in voting for the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player Award and became only the second Yankees catcher after Yogi Berra to hit 30 home runs in a season. Posada added one of his best seasons in 2007 at age 37 when he batted .338. Following a stint as designated hitter in 2011, he retired.\nPosada is only the fifth MLB catcher with at least 1,500 hits, 350 doubles, 275 home runs, and 1,000 RBIs in a career. From 2000 to 2011, he compiled more RBIs and home runs than any other catcher in baseball. He is the only MLB catcher to ever bat .330 or better with 40 doubles, 20 home runs, and 90 RBIs in a single season. Away from baseball, Posada is the founder of the Jorge Posada Foundation, which is involved with research for craniosynostosis, a birth defect that impacts his son.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nJorge Posada was born on AugustJorge Rafael Posada Villeta (born August 17, 1971) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball catcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. Posada produced strong offensive numbers for his position, recording a .273 batting average, 275 home runs, and 1,065 runs batted in (RBIs) during his career. A switch hitter, Posada was a five-time All-Star, won five Silver Slugger Awards, and was on the roster for four World Series championship teams.Jorge Rafael Posada Villeta (born August 17, 1970) is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball catcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees. Posada recorded a .273 batting average, 275 home runs, and 1,065 runs batted in (RBIs) during his career. A switch hitter, Posada was a five-time All-Star, won five Silver Slugger Awards, and was on the roster for four World Series championship teams.\nDrafted by the Yankees in 1990, Posada was originally an infielder before moving to catcher during his minor league career. He debuted in the major leagues in 1995, but it was not until 1998 that he found regular playing time. A solid-hitting catcher, Posada established himself as a mainstay in the Yankees lineup and as one of the \"Core Four\" players who contributed to the Yankees' winning seasons. In 2003, he finished third in voting for the American League (AL) Most Valuable Player Award and became only the second Yankees catcher after Yogi Berra to hit 30 home runs in a season. Posada added one of his best seasons in 2007 at age 37 when he batted .338. Following a stint as designated hitter in 2011, he retired.\nPosada is only the fifth MLB catcher with at least 1,500 hits, 350 doubles, 275 home runs, and 1,000 RBIs in a career. From 2000 to 2011, he compiled more RBIs and home runs than any other catcher in baseball. He is the only MLB catcher to ever bat .330 or better with 40 doubles, 20 home runs, and 90 RBIs in a single season. Away from baseball, Posada is the founder of the Jorge Posada Foundation, which is involved with research for craniosynostosis, a birth defect that impacts his son.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nJorge Posada was born on August 17, 1970, in the Santurce district of San Juan, Puerto Rico to a Cuban father and a Dominican mother. He attended Alejandrino High School in",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| For which team is the individual who scored the initial home run at the new South Bronx stadium a player? | [
{
"id": 38426,
"question": "Which stadium is in the South Bronx?",
"answer": "Yankee Stadium",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 91850,
"question": "who hit the first home run at the new #1",
"answer": "Jorge Posada",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 685675,
"question": "#2 >> member of sports team",
"answer": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| New York Yankees | [
"baseball",
"Yankees"
]
| true | What team does the person who hit the first home run at the new stadium in South Bronx play for? |
3hop1__622497_160088_49779 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_text": "Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).\nThrough his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th-highest-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nSpelling was born in DallasAaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer. Some of his works include the TV programs Charlie's Angels (1976–81), The Love Boat (1977–86), Hart to Hart (1979–84), Dynasty (1981–89), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of Mod Squad (1968-1973), The Rookies (1972-1976), and Sunset Beach (1997-1999).Aaron Spelling (April 22, 1923 – June 23, 2006) was an American film and television producer and occasional actor. His productions included the TV series Family (1976–1980), Charlie's Angels (1976–1981), The Love Boat (1977–1986), Hart to Hart (1979–1984), Dynasty (1981–1989), Beverly Hills, 90210 (1990–2000), Melrose Place (1992–1999), 7th Heaven (1996–2007), and Charmed (1998–2006). He also served as producer of The Mod Squad (1968–1973), The Rookies (1972–1976), and Sunset Beach (1997–1999).\nThrough his production company Spelling Television, Spelling holds the record as the most prolific television producer in US television history, with 218 producer and executive producer credits. Forbes ranked him the 11th-highest-earning deceased celebrity in 2009.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nSpelling was born in Dallas, Texas. He was the son of Pearl (née Wald) and David Spelling, Russian Jewish immigrants. His father worked as a tailor and changed his surname from Spurling to Spelling after emigrating to the United States. Spelling was the youngest of five children. He had three older brothers: Maxwell \"Max\" Seltzer (circa 1909–?), Sam Spelling (191",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch",
"paragraph_text": ", Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nThe Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television Western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany, and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982, and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the women must spring into action to defend their homes.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nPriscilla Barnes ... Maggie McCulloch\nLee Horsley ... Captain John Cain\nJoan Collins ... Annie McCulloch\nHoward Duff ... Colonel Samuel Isaacs\nMorgan Brittany ... Lannie\nDonny Osmond ... Frank Isaacs\nLisa Whelchel ... Amy Cole\nPamela Bellwood ... Sarah\nPhyllis Davis ... Sugar Harris\nJeanette Nolan ... Gertrude\nPaul Brinegar ... Bodie\nDennis Fimple ... Lamont\nSusan Kellermann ... Betsy\nPaul Carr ... Confederate Captain\nRex Holman ... The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is a 1982 American made-for-television western romantic comedy film directed by Philip Leacock and starring Priscilla Barnes, Lee Horsley, Joan Collins, Donny Osmond, Morgan Brittany and Lisa Whelchel. Executive produced by Aaron Spelling, it premiered on ABC on October 31, 1982 and was later syndicated to cable television for rebroadcast.roadcast.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nIn Civil War-era Southern Missouri, Dr. Maggie McCullough travels to the aid of her ailing aunt, Annie, the town's madame, in the lovely community of Sweetwater. With all of the men away at war, Maggie coordinates a truce between Aunt Annie's girls and the respectable women of the town. While Maggie contemplates the love triangle that is formed with an injured Union fighter, Frank Isaacs, and a captured Confederate doctor, Captain John Cane, a demented faction of soldiers invades Sweetwater and the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (American game show)",
"paragraph_text": " 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013 -- 14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014 -- 15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015.Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called MillionaireThe original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999 to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013 -- 14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014 -- 15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015. on August 16, 1999, as part of a two-week daily special event hosted by Regis Philbin. After this and a second two-week event aired in November 1999, ABC commissioned a regular series that launched on January 9, 2000, and ran until June 27, 2002. Philbin hosted the entire run of the original network series as well as two additional special event series that aired on ABC in 2004 and 2009.\nA daily version ofThe original U.S. version aired on ABC from August 16, 1999 to June 27, 2002, and was hosted by Regis Philbin. The daily syndicated version of the show began airing on September 16, 2002, and was hosted for eleven seasons by Meredith Vieira until May 31, 2013. Later hosts included Cedric the Entertainer in the 2013 -- 14 season, Terry Crews in the following season (2014 -- 15), and Chris Harrison, who began hosting on September 14, 2015.Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the format of the same-titled British program created by David Briggs, Steven Knight and Mike Whitehill and developed in the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition with contestants attempting to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions, usually of increasing difficulty. The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In the origin nation of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch's producer, who presides over the show Who Wants to be a Millionaire? | [
{
"id": 622497,
"question": "The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch >> producer",
"answer": "Aaron Spelling",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 160088,
"question": "What nationality was #1 ?",
"answer": "an American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 49779,
"question": "#2 who wants to be a millionaire host",
"answer": "Chris Harrison",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| Chris Harrison | []
| true | Who is the host of Who Wants to be a Millionaire in the country that the producer of The Wild Women of Chastity Gulch is from? |
2hop__40270_11402 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Southern California",
"paragraph_text": " San Diego Chargers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in SouthernTraveling south on Interstate 5, the main gap to continued urbanization is Camp Pendleton. The cities and communities along Interstate 15 and Interstate 215 are so inter-related that Temecula and Murrieta have as much connection with the San Diego metropolitan area as they do with the Inland Empire. To the east, the United States Census Bureau considers the San Bernardino and Riverside County areas, Riverside-San Bernardino area as a separate metropolitan area from Los Angeles County. While many commute to L.A. and Orange Counties, there are some differences in development, as most of San Bernardino and Riverside Counties (the non-desert portions) were developed in the 1980s and 1990s. Newly developed exurbs formed in the Antelope Valley north of Los Angeles, the Victor Valley and the Coachella Valley with the Imperial Valley. Also, population growth was high in the Bakersfield-Kern County, Santa Maria and San Luis Obispo areas. teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, San Diego Padres); NHL (Los Angeles Kings, Anaheim Ducks); and MLS (LA Galaxy).Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles DodgersSouthern California contains a Mediterranean climate, with infrequent rain and many sunny days. Summers are hot and dry, while winters are a bit warm or mild and wet. Serious rain can occur unusually. In the summers, temperature ranges are 90-60's while as winters are 70-50's, usually all of Southern California have Mediterranean climate. But snow is very rare in the Southwest of the state, it occurs on the Southeast of the state.Professional sports teams in Southern California include teams from the NFL (Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers); NBA (Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers); MLB (Los Angeles Dodgers, Los",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey",
"paragraph_text": ", boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a yearAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.\nAtlantic City comprises the second half of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Atlantic County for statistical purposes. Both Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) fromAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%). Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a yearAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.\nAtlantic City comprises the second half of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Atlantic County for statistical purposes. Both Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the overall square mileage of Los Angeles County as designated by the organization responsible for classifying it as an independent metropolitan area? | [
{
"id": 40270,
"question": "Who considers Los Angeles County to be a separate metropolitan area?",
"answer": "United States Census Bureau",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 11402,
"question": "According to #1 , what is the total area in square miles?",
"answer": "17.037 square miles",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
]
| 17.037 square miles | []
| true | According to the agency that considers if Los Angeles County is to be a separate metropolitan area, what is the total area in square miles? |
2hop__275891_55984 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Rhapsody Originals (Brandi Carlile EP)",
"paragraph_text": ". This album produced four straight Top 40 country hits, including the number 11 \"Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy)\", plus collaborations with Cowboy Troy, Gretchen Wilson, and Martina McBride. Comin' to Your City was released in November 2005, followed by another Top 20 single the Vietnam War-inspired \"8th of November\" and two more Top 40 hits. Joining the duo on this album were Cowboy Troy, Wilson, and Kris Kristofferson. Between Raising Hell and Amazing Grace, released in 2007, produced their only No. 1 single, \"Lost in This Moment\". Both before and during the duo's hiatus, Rich has worked as a producer and songwriter for several other artists.\nAfter this album, both members went on hiatus and released solo albums in 2009—Big Kenny's The Quiet Times of a Rock and Roll Farm Boy and Rich's Son of a Preacher Man. These also produced the duo's first Top 40 solo entries—Big Kenny with \"Long After I'm Gone\" and Rich with \"Shuttin' Detroit Down\". In 2010, Big Kenny released his second solo country album, Big Kenny's Love Everybody Traveling MusicalRhapsody Originals is an exclusive EP by Brandi Carlile recorded in 2007 for Rhapsody featuring live version of four songs from her previous full-length album The Story.BigRhapsody Originals is an exclusive EP by Brandi Carlile recorded in 2007 for Rhapsody featuring live version of four songs from her previous full-length album The Story. was bass guitarist in the country band Lonestar, while Kenny was a solo artist for Hollywood Records.\nTheir first studio album, Horse of a Different Color, was released in 2004. This album produced four straight Top 40 country hits, including the number 11 \"Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy)\", plus collaborations with Cowboy Troy, Gretchen Wilson, and Martina McBride. Comin' to Your City was released in November 2005, followed by another Top 20 single the Vietnam War-inspired \"8th of November\" and two more Top 40 hits. Joining the duo on this album were Cowboy Troy, Wilson, and Kris Kristofferson. Between Raising Hell and Amazing Grace, released in 2007, produced their only No. 1 single, \"Lost in This Moment\". Both before and during the duo's hiatus, Rich has worked as a producer and songwriter for several other artists.\nAfter this album, both members went on hiatus and released solo albums in 2009—Big Kenny's The Quiet Times of a Rock and Roll Farm Boy and Rich's Son of a Preacher Man. These also produced the duo's first Top 40 solo entries—Big Kenny with \"Long After I'm Gone\" and Rich with \"Shuttin' Detroit Down\". In 2010, Big Kenny released his second solo country album, Big Kenny's Love Everybody Traveling MusicalRhapsody Originals is an exclusive EP by Brandi Carlile recorded in 2007 for Rhapsody featuring live version of four songs from her previous full-length album The Story.Big & Rich is an American country music duo composed of Big Kenny and John Rich, both of whom are songwriters, vocalists, and guitarists. Before the duo's foundation, Rich was bass guitarist in the country band Lonestar, while Kenny was a solo artist for Hollywood Records.\nTheir first studio album, Horse of a Different Color, was released in 2004. This album produced four straight Top 40 country hits, including the number 11 \"Save a Horse (Ride a Cowboy)\", plus collaborations with Cowboy Troy, Gretchen Wilson, and Martina McBride. Comin' to Your City was released in November 2005, followed by another Top 20 single the Vietnam War-inspired \"8th of November\" and two more Top 40 hits. Joining the duo on this album were Cowboy Troy",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "The Story (song)",
"paragraph_text": " discipline which uses a narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians debate the nature of history as an end in itself, and its usefulness in giving perspective on the problems of the present.\nStories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends. History differs from myth in that it is supported by verifiable evidence. However, ancient cultural influences have helped create variant interpretations of the nature of history, which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and certain topical or thematic elements of historical investigation. History is taught as a part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in universities.\nHerodotus, a 5th-century BCE Greek historian, is often considered the \"father of history\", as one of the first historians in the Western tradition, though he has been criticized as the \"father of lies\". Along with his contemporary Thucydides, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of past events and societies. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals, was reputed to date from as early as 722 BCE, though only 2nd-century BCE texts have survived. The title \"father of history\" has also been attributed, in their respective societies, to Sima Qian and Ibn Khaldun.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word history comes from historía (Ancient Greek: ���στορία, romanized: historíā, lit.��'inquiry, knowledge from inquiry, or judge'). It was in that sense that Aristotle used the word in his History of Animals. The ancestor word ���στωρ is attested early on in Homeric Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes' oath, and in Boeotic inscriptions (in a legal sense, either \"judge\" or \"witness\", or``The Story ''is a song released as a single by American folk rock singer Brandi Carlile, written by Phil Hanseroth, from her 2007 album The Story. It was featured in Grey's Anatomy in 2007 and is on Grey's Anatomy Soundtrack album 3 (released September 11). as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts or traditional oral histories, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is incomplete and still has debatable mysteries.\nHistory is an academic discipline which uses a narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians debate the nature of history as an end in itself, and its usefulness in giving perspective on the problems of the present.\nStories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends. History differs from myth in that it is supported by verifiable evidence. However, ancient cultural influences have helped create variant interpretations of the nature of history, which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and certain topical or thematic elements of historical investigation. History is taught as a part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in universities.\nHerodotus, a 5th-century BCE Greek historian, is often considered the \"father of history\", as one of the first historians in the Western tradition, though he has been criticized as the \"father of lies\". Along with his contemporary Thucydides, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of past events and societies. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals, was reputed to date from as early as 722 BCE, though only 2nd-century BCE texts have survived. The title \"father of history\" has also been attributed, in their respective societies, to Sima Qian and Ibn Khaldun.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word history comes from historía (Ancient Greek: ���στορία, romanized: historíā, lit.��'inquiry, knowledge from inquiry, or judge'). It was in that sense that Aristotle used the word in his History of Animals. The ancestor word ���στωρ is attested early on in Homeric Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes' oath, and in Boeotic inscriptions (in a legal sense, either \"judge\" or \"witness\", or similar). The Greek word was borrowed into Classical Latin as historia, meaning \"investigation, inquiry, research, account, description, written account of past events, writing of history, historical narrative, recorded knowledge of",
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]
| Who is the author of the song The Story, which is performed in Rhapsody Originals? | [
{
"id": 275891,
"question": "Rhapsody Originals >> performer",
"answer": "Brandi Carlile",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 55984,
"question": "who wrote the song the story sung by #1",
"answer": "Phil Hanseroth",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
]
| Phil Hanseroth | []
| true | Who wrote the song The Story that is sung by the performer of Rhapsody Originals? |
3hop1__497845_629431_64412 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Princeps pastorum",
"paragraph_text": "ps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-CatholicPrinceps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase \"On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep\". It refers to Jesus Christ.PrPrinceps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase \"On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep\". It refers to Jesus Christ.It celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages the fostering of native clergy in the countries to which the missions extended and emphasises the importance of lay Catholics as representatives of the church in non-Catholic countries. The encyclical points out that while social welfare initiatives are to be supported, the primary task of missions should be to spread Catholic doctrine.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of encyclicals of Pope John XXIII\n\n\n== References ==\n'Princeps Pastorum', Catholic Encyclopedia Retrieved June 1, 2005.Princeps pastorum (Latin for 'Prince of the shepherds') is the title of an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John XXIII on 28 November 1959. It is derived from a biblical passage: I Peter 5:4. In its English translation the letter opens with the phrase On the day when \"the Prince of the shepherds\" entrusted to Us His lambs and sheep. It refers to Jesus Christ.\nIt celebrates the success of Roman Catholic missions to promote the faith, encourages",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Canonization of Pope John XXIII and Pope John Paul II",
"paragraph_text": "ope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.\nThe Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI concelebrating), on 27 April 2014 (Divine Mercy Sunday), in St. Peter's Square (Pope John Paul had died on the vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). About 150Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.Pope John XXIII (25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) and Pope John Paul II (18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as popes of the Roman Catholic Church and the sovereigns of Vatican City (respectively from 1958 to 1963 and 1978 to 2005). Their canonizations were held on 27 April 2014. The decision to canonize was made official by Pope Francis on 5 July 2013 following the recognition of a miracle attributed to the intercession of John Paul II, while John XXIII was canonized for his merits of opening the Second Vatican Council. The date of the canonization was assigned on 30 September 2013.\nThe Canonization Mass was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.\nIn 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nBefore 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, whichThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. at Catholic churches.\nThe flag is a vertical bicolour of yellow and white, with the white half charged with the coat of arms of Vatican City (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was modeled after the 1808 flag of the Papal States, a yellow-and-white bicolour defaced with the tiara and keys in the centre. It is one of only two national flags that use a 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A",
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| What is the year in which the location where the writer of Princeps Pastorum passed away gained independence? | [
{
"id": 497845,
"question": "Princeps Pastorum >> author",
"answer": "John XXIII",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 629431,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 64412,
"question": "when did #2 become its own country",
"answer": "11 February 1929",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
]
| 11 February 1929 | []
| true | When did the place where the author of Princeps Pastorum died become its own country? |
2hop__91713_289940 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Chandler Jones",
"paragraph_text": " from 2008 to 2011. After not playing as a freshman in 2008, he appeared in 12 games as a sophomore. He totaled 52 combined tackles and 1.5 sacks. As a junior in 2010, he recorded 57 total tackles, four sacks, four passes defensed, and three forced fumbles. As a senior in 2011, Jones played in only seven games due to injury, but still was an All-Big East selection after recording 39 tackles and 4.5 sacks.\nOn December 30, 2011, Jones announced that he would enter the 2012 NFL draft.\nJones left the university one class short of graduating. He finally completed his degree at Syracuse University in 2020, graduating with a bachelor's in child and family studies.\n\n\n=== College statistics ===\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Pre-draft ===\n\nJones was considered one of the best defensive end prospects for the 2012 NFL draft.\n\n\n=== New England Patriots ===\n\n\n==== 2012 ====\nJones was selected by the New England Patriots in the first round with the 21st overall selection. He was the highest selected player from Syracuse since defensive end Dwight Freeney in 2002. On May 23, 2012, Jones signed a four-year contract with the Patriots.\nAs a rookie, Jones was immediately thrust into the starting right defensive end slot for the Patriots in 2012. In Week 1 against the Tennessee Titans, Jones strip-sacked quarterback Jake Locker, with fellow rookie teammate Dont'a Hightower recovering the ball and returning it for a touchdown. A week later Jones sacked Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kevin Kolb, forcing a fumble that was recovered by the Patriots.\nIn Week 6 against the Seattle Seahawks, Jones recorded two sacks on quarterback Russell Wilson and managed to provide some good pressure on the Seahawks offensive line, forcing one fumble in that game. Jones made his sixth career sack in Week 8 against the St. Louis Rams by dropping Sam Bradford to the turf in London, England. In 14 games (13 starts) of his rookie season in 2012, Jones produced 45 tackles, six sacks, five passes defended, and three forced fumbles. He was named to the PFWA All-Rookie Team.\n\n\n==== 2013 ====\nIn a game against the Baltimore Ravens, quarterback Tyrod Taylor fumbled the snap and Jones recovered it in the end zone for the first touchdown of his career. Jones started all 16 games in 2013 recording 42 tackles with 11.5 sacks, 1 forced fumble, and a fumble recovery returned for a touchdown.\n\n\n==== 2014 ====\nFor the season, Jones recorded 43 tackles and six sacks in 10 games. In Week 2, against the Minnesota Vikings, Jones recorded two sacks; he also blocked a field goal and returned it for a touchdown in the 30–7 victory. He earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week for his game against Minnesota. On February 1, 2015, he won his first Super Bowl ring when the Patriots defeated the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24 in Super Bowl XLIX. He had one sack and three tackles in the victory.\n\n\n==== 2015 ====\nOn April 30, 2015, the Patriots picked up the option on Jones' contract. Through the first eight games, Jones racked up 9.5 sacks, including two in an October 29 win over the Miami Dolphins on Thursday Night Football to help the Patriots move to 7–0. Jones finished the regular season with a team-leading 12.5 sacks, a new career high, as well as his first career interception. He was ranked 48th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016.\nSix days before the Patriots took on the Kansas City Chiefs in the AFC Divisional Round, Jones was hospitalized after showing up at the Foxborough Public Safety Building in a disoriented but cooperative state. Later reports indicated that he had experienced a bad reaction to synthetic marijuana, a legal drug under Massachusetts law. Jones still played in the following Divisional Round playoff game against the Kansas City Chiefs and the AFC Championship against the Denver Broncos.\n\n\n=== Arizona Cardinals ===\nOn March 15, 2016, Jones was traded to the Arizona Cardinals in exchange for Jonathan Cooper and a second-round pick in the 2016 NFL draft.\n\n\n==== 2016 ====\nIn 2016, Jones started all 16 games for the Cardinals, recording 49 tackles, 11 sacks, three passes defensed and four forced fumbles. He wasChandler James Jones (born February 27, 1990) is an American football outside linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League (NFL). Jones was selected by the New England Patriots with the 21st overall pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. He played college football at Syracuse. He is the younger brother of current UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Jon Jones and of former National Football League (NFL) player Arthur Jones. life ==\nJones was born in Rochester, New York, to parents Arthur Jr. and Camille Jones. Jones attended Union-Endicott High School, where he played high school football. He was a 2007 SuperPrep All-Northeast and PrepStar All-East Region selection. Jones was ranked as the eighth-best prospect of the state of New York by Scout.com.\n\n\n== College career ==\nJones attended and played college football at Syracuse from 2008 to 2011. After not playing as a freshman in 2008, he appeared in 12 games as a sophomore. He totaled 52 combined tackles and 1.5 sacks. As a junior in 2010, he recorded 57 total tackles, four sacks, four passes defensed, and three forced fumbles. As a senior in 2011, Jones played in only seven games due to injury, but still was an All-Big East selection after recording 39 tackles and 4.5 sacks.\nOn December 30, 2011, Jones announced that he would enter the 2012 NFL draft.\nJones left the university one class short of graduating. He finally completed his degree at Syracuse University in 2020, graduating with a bachelor's in child and family studies.\n\n\n=== College statistics ===\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Pre-draft ===\n\nJones was considered one of the best defensive end prospects for the 2012 NFL draft.\n\n\n=== New England Patriots ===\n\n\n==== 2012 ====\nJones was selected by the New England Patriots in the first round with the 21st overall selection. He was the highest selected player from Syracuse since defensive end Dwight Freeney in 2002. On May 23,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "List of National Football League annual sacks leaders",
"paragraph_text": " 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacks from years prior do not count towards a player's career total. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants and T. J. Watt of the Pittsburgh Steelers hold the official record with 22.5, which Strahan set during the 2001 season, and Watt matched during the 2021 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the annual leader in sacks. Since 1982, there have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with two different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with four. Seven players have been the league leader in sacks twice, while T. J. Watt has led the league three times. \n\n\n== NFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\nNote that the sack totals from 1960 to 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is aYear Player Sacks Team 1982 Doug Martin * 11.5 Minnesota Vikings Mark Gastineau * 19.0 New York Jets 1984 Mark Gastineau * 22.0 New York Jets 1985 Richard Dent 17.0 Chicago Bears 1986 Lawrence Taylor 20.5 New York Giants Reggie White 21.0 Philadelphia Eagles Reggie White 18.0 Philadelphia Eagles Chris Doleman 21.0 Minnesota Vikings Derrick Thomas 20.0 Kansas City Chiefs 1991 Pat Swilling 17.0 New Orleans Saints Clyde Simmons 19.0 Philadelphia Eagles Neil Smith 15.0 Kansas City Chiefs Kevin Greene 14.0 Pittsburgh Steelers 1995 Bryce Paup 17.5 Buffalo Bills Kevin Greene 14.5 Carolina Panthers John Randle 15.5 Minnesota Vikings 1998 Michael Sinclair 16.5 Seattle Seahawks 1999 Kevin Carter 17.0 St. Louis Rams 2000 La'Roi Glover 17.0 New Orleans Saints Michael Strahan 22.5 New York Giants 2002 Jason Taylor 18.5 Miami Dolphins 2003 Michael Strahan 18.5 New York Giants Dwight Freeney 16.0 Indianapolis Colts 2005 Derrick Burgess 16.0 Oakland Raiders 2006 Shawne Merriman 17.0 San Diego Chargers 2007 Jared Allen 15.5 Kansas City Chiefs 2008 DeMarcus Ware 20.0 Dallas Cowboys 2009 Elvis Dumervil 17.0 Denver Broncos DeMarcus Ware 15.5 Dallas Cowboys 2011 Jared Allen 22.0 Minnesota Vikings 2012 J.J. Watt 20.5 Houston Texans 2013 Robert Mathis 19.5 Indianapolis Colts 2014 Justin Houston 22.0 Kansas City Chiefs 2015 J.J. Watt 17.5 Houston Texans 2016 Vic Beasley 15.5 Atlanta Falcons 2017 Chandler Jones 17.0 Arizona Cardinals. Since 1982, there have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with two different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with four. Seven players have been the league leader in sacks twice, while T. J. Watt has led the league three times. \n\n\n== NFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\nNote that the sack totals from 1960 to 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacks from years prior do not count towards a player's career total. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants and T. J. Watt of the Pittsburgh Steelers hold the official record with 22.5, which Strahan set during the 2001 season, and Watt matched during the 2021 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the annual leader in sacks. Since 1982, there have only been two players who have led the league in sacks with two different teams, Jared Allen (2007 with the Chiefs and 2011 with the Vikings) and Kevin Greene (1994 with the Steelers and 1996 with the Panthers). The Chiefs and the Vikings have had the most players lead the NFL in sacks with four. Seven players have been the league leader in sacks twice, while T. J. Watt has led the league three times. \n\n\n== NFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\nNote that the sack totals from 1960 to 1981 are considered unofficial by the NFL.\n\n\n== AFL annual sacks leaders ==\n\n\n== Most seasons leading the league ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of NFL career sacks leaders\nList of NFL annual interceptions leaders\nList of NFL annual forced fumbles leaders\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of National Football League (NFL) players who have led the regular season in sacks each year. Sacks became an official statistic in 1982 and sacks from years prior do not count towards a player's career total. Michael Strahan of the New York Giants and T. J. Watt of the Pittsburgh Steelers hold the official record with 22.5, which Strahan set during the 2001 season, and Watt matched during the 2021 season. In 2013, the NFL created the Deacon Jones Award to recognize the annual leader in sacks. Since 1982,",
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| In 2017, the player who topped the league in sacks belonged to which team? | [
{
"id": 91713,
"question": "who led the league in sacks in 2017",
"answer": "Chandler Jones",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 289940,
"question": "#1 >> member of sports team",
"answer": "New England Patriots",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| New England Patriots | [
"Patriots",
"The New England Patriots",
"Arizona Cardinals"
]
| true | What team is the player who led the league in sacks in 2017 a member of? |
2hop__695364_513121 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Richard Ainley",
"paragraph_text": "'s maiden name. His American debut came in Foreigners at the Belasco Theater in 1939.\nHis first motion picture appearance was in 1936 as Sylvius in As You Like It, in which his father also appeared. Other roles included Ferdinand in the television movie of The Tempest (1939), Dr. Hale in Shining Victory (1941), and a Foreign Office official in the thriller Above Suspicion (1943).\nAinley married three times, firstly to actress Ethel Glendinning. He was divorced from his first two wives; his third wife Rowena Woolf died in 1968.\nHe retired from film work following a disabling wound received while he was serving in the army during World War II to return to the stage. He was briefly principal of the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in the early 1960s.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRichard Ainley at IMDb\nRichard Ainley (1910-1967), Actor from the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)Richard Ainley (22 December 1910 – 18 May 1967) was a British stage and film actor.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe was born in Middlesex, England, the son of Henry Ainley and a half-brother of Anthony Ainley.\nAinley made his stage debut in 1928, initially using the stage name Richard Riddle, taking his mother's maiden name. His American debut came in Foreigners at the Belasco Theater in 1939.\nHis first motion picture appearance was in 1936 as Sylvius in As You Like It, in which his father also appeared. Other roles included Ferdinand in the television movie of The Tempest (1939), Dr. Hale in Shining Victory (1941), and a Foreign Office official in the thriller Above Suspicion (1943).\nAinley married three times, firstly to actress Ethel Glendinning. He was divorced from his first two wives; his third wife Rowena Woolf died in 1968.\nHe retired from film work following a disabling wound received while he was serving in the army during World War II to return to the stage. He was briefly principal of the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in the early 1960s.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRichard Ainley at IMDb\nRichard Ainley (1910-1967), Actor from the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)Richard Ainley (22 December 1910 – 18 May 1967) was a British stage and film actor.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe was born in Middlesex, England, the son of Henry Ainley and a half-brother of Anthony Ainley.\nAinley made his stage debut in 1928, initially using the stage name Richard Riddle, taking his mother's maiden name. His American debut came in Foreigners at the Belasco Theater in 1939.\nHis first motion picture appearance was in 1936 as Sylvius in As You Like It, in which his father also appeared. Other roles included Ferdinand in the television movie of The Tempest (1939), Dr. Hale in Shining Victory (1941), and a Foreign Office official in the thriller Above Suspicion (1943).\nAinley married three times, firstly to actress Ethel Glendinning. He was divorced from his first two wives; his third wife Rowena Woolf died in 1968.\nHe retired from film work following a disabling wound received while he was serving in the army during World War II to return to the stage. He was briefly principal of the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School in the early 1960s.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRichard Ainley at IMDb\nRichard Ainley (1910-1967), Actor from the National Portrait Gallery (United Kingdom)Richard Ainley (22 December 1910 – 18 May 1967) was aRichard Ainley (22 December 1910 – 18 May 1967) was a stage and film actor, son of Henry Ainley and half-brother of Anthony Ainley.RRichard Ainley (22 December 1910 – 18 May 1967) was a stage and film actor, son of Henry Ainley and half-brother of Anthony Ainley. of Henry Ainley and a half-brother of Anthony Ainley.\nAinley made his stage debut in 1928, initially using the stage name Richard Riddle, taking his mother's maiden name. His American debut came in Foreigners at the Bel",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Money (1921 film)",
"paragraph_text": " GravesMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play \"Money\" by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.MMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play \"Money\" by Edward Bulwer-Lytton. ==\nHenry Ainley ... Alfred Evelyn\nFaith Bevan ... Georgina Vesey\nMargot Drake ... Clare Douglas\nSam Wilkinson ... Sir Frederick Blount\nJames Lindsay ... Captain Smooth\nOlaf Hytten ... Henry GravesMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play \"Money\" by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.Money is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHenry Ainley ... Alfred Evelyn\nFaith Bevan ... Georgina Vesey\nMargot Drake ... Clare Douglas\nSam Wilkinson ... Sir Frederick Blount\nJames Lindsay ... Captain Smooth\nOlaf Hytten ... Henry Graves\nSidney Paxton ... Sir John Vesey\nEthel Newman ... Lady Franklyn\nAdelaide Grace ... Nanny\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMoney at IMDbMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHenry Ainley ... Alfred Evelyn\nFaith Bevan ... Georgina Vesey\nMargot Drake ... Clare Douglas\nSam Wilkinson ... Sir Frederick Blount\nJames Lindsay ... Captain Smooth\nOlaf Hytten ... Henry Graves\nSidney Paxton ... Sir John Vesey\nEthel Newman ... Lady Franklyn\nAdelaide Grace ... Nanny\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMoney at IMDbMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHenry Ainley ... Alfred Evelyn\nFaith Bevan ... Georgina Vesey\nMargot Drake ... Clare Douglas\nSam Wilkinson ... Sir Frederick Blount\nJames Lindsay ... Captain Smooth\nOlaf Hytten ... Henry Graves\nSidney Paxton ... Sir John Vesey\nEthel Newman ... Lady Franklyn\nAdelaide Grace ... Nanny\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMoney at IMDbMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHenry Ainley ... Alfred Evelyn\nFaith Bevan ... Georgina Vesey\nMargot Drake ... Clare Douglas\nSam Wilkinson ... Sir Frederick Blount\nJames Lindsay ... Captain Smooth\nOlaf Hytten ... Henry Graves\nSidney Paxton ... Sir John Vesey\nEthel Newman ... Lady Franklyn\nAdelaide Grace ... Nanny\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMoney at IMDbMoney is a 1921 British silent comedy film directed by Duncan McRae and starring Henry Ainley, Faith Bevan and Margot Drake. It is an adaptation of the 1840 comic play Money by Edward Bulwer-Lytton.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHenry Ainley ... Alfred Evelyn\nFaith Bevan ... Georgina Vesey\nMargot Drake ... Clare Douglas\nSam Wilkinson ... Sir Frederick Blount\nJames Lindsay ... Captain Smooth\nOlaf Hytten ... Henry Graves\nSidney Paxton ... Sir John Vesey\nEthel Newman ... Lady Franklyn\nAdelaide Grace ... Nanny\n\n\n== References ==",
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| Who is the offspring of the leading actor from the 1921 movie, Money? | [
{
"id": 695364,
"question": "Money >> cast member",
"answer": "Henry Ainley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 513121,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Anthony Ainley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Anthony Ainley | []
| true | Who is the child of the male star of the 1921 film Money? |
3hop1__664835_650651_7262 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Adult contemporary music",
"paragraph_text": " targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"soft AC\" (also known as \"lite AC\"), \"urban AC\" (a softer type of urban contemporary music), \"rhythmic AC\" (a softer type of rhythmic contemporary), and \"Christian AC\" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only \"hot AC\", \"soft AC\", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a specific genre of music; it is merely an assemblage of selected songs from artists of many different genres.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1960s: Early roots; easy listening and soft rock ===\n\nAdult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70–80% instrumental to 20Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All",
"paragraph_text": " different team colors. They will train by three trainers, each trainer will train three teams respectively. However, on week 1, Stacy told that one of each team will sent home and will be back on future. On week 6, Dicky and Rashid returned on ranch because they have the highest percentage of weight loss and the rest do not have a spot to back on ranch. In the same week, Stacy told that the gameplay changed which is Blue vs Red vs Black. However, in the end of week 9, Stacy told that the eliminated players who do not have a spot on ranch will returns. Fernandez who wins the marathon among them returned onThe Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.The finale aired on July 10, 2012 and Nurul Hannah who lost 111 pounds won the title of The Biggest Loser make her the first ever female contestant win this show after two male on past season. Fernandez Aljunied won the prize for at-home contestants. In the end of the show Stacy Sandra told that next season will be airing next year and she will not return",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Bokok, Temburong",
"paragraph_text": " the Temburong District to the south, bordering Mukim Bangar to the north-east, Mukim Amo to the east, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the south and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Bokok has a total area of ; as of 2016, it had a total population of 3,583.MBokok is a mukim or subdistrict in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the west of the Temburong District to the south, bordering Mukim Bangar to the north-east, Mukim Amo to the east, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the south and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Bokok has a total area of ; as of 2016, it had a total population of 3,583., according to the village elders. The first comes from Sungai Bokok (Bokok River), a little river that empties into the Rataie River. Second, it originates from takuyung (Potamides cerithium) known as takuyung bakak in Murut. Due to its form, which resembles a human bending over, Malaysians commonly refer toBokok is a mukim or subdistrict in the Temburong District of Brunei. It is located in the west of the Temburong District to the south, bordering Mukim Bangar to the north-east, Mukim Amo to the east, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the south and Limbang, Sarawak (Malaysia) to the west. Bokok has a total area of ; as of 2016, it had a total population of 3,583.Mukim Bokok is a mukim in Temburong District, Brunei. It has an area of 136 square kilometres (53 sq mi); as of 2021, the population was 3,812.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe mukim could be named after a village it encompasses, Kampong Bokok. Mukim Bokok's historical name is the reason it is known as \"Bokok.\" There are two tales concerning how the name \"Bokok\" came to be, according to the village elders. The first comes from Sungai Bokok (Bokok River), a little river that empties into the Rataie River. Second, it originates from takuyung (Potamides cerithium) known as takuyung bakak in Murut. Due to its form, which resembles a human bending over, Malaysians commonly refer to it as Bokok.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nThe mukim is located in the west of the Temburong District to the south, bordering Mukim Bangar to the north-east, Mukim Amo to the east, and the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the south and west.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\nAs of 2021 census, the population was 3,812 with 51.5% males and 48.5% females. The mukim had 797 households occupying 767 dwellings. The entire population lived in rural areas. According to statistical statistics provided by the penghulu in 2018, the total population by race as a whole consists of the Malay race totaling 2,746 people, the Murut tribe 55 people, the Iban tribe 688 people, the Chinese race 20 people and followed by other races/tribes which are 68 people.\n\n\n== Administration ==\nAs of 2021, the mukim comprised the following census villages:\n\n\n== Villages ==\n\n\n=== Kampong Bokok ===\nThe late Pengiran Bendahara Pengiran Muda Haji Hashim gave the first Kampong Bokok mosque its formal opening on 21 June 1957. The land for this mosque was given to the Kampong Bokok locals by Awang Aji bin Dollah and Awang Ahmad bin Haji Malik. Additionally, the village has a primary school named Bokok Primary School. In 2008, the village was one of the most affected settlements by",
"is_supporting": true
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| Who was a leading personality in the radio sector of The Biggest Loser: The Final Chance edition's network, operated in the nation where Bokok is sited? | [
{
"id": 664835,
"question": "Bokok >> country",
"answer": "Brunei",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 650651,
"question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 7262,
"question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?",
"answer": "Walter Sabo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
]
| Walter Sabo | []
| true | Who was a prominent figure in the radio division of the network of the version of The Biggest Loser: The Final Chance, set in the country where Bokok is located? |
4hop3__439878_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk RevolutionThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. \nThe empire emerged from a beylik, or principality, founded in northwestern Anatolia in 1299 by the Turkoman tribal leader Osman I. His successors conquered much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk Revolution of 1908 led by the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), which established the Second Constitutional Era and introduced competitive multi-party elections under a constitutional monarchy. However, following the disastrous Balkan Wars, the CUP became increasingly radicalized and nationalistic, leading a coup d'état in 1913 that established a one-party regime. The CUP allied with the German Empire hoping to escape from the diplomatic isolation that had contributed to its recent territorial losses; it thus joined World War I on the side of the Central Powers. While the empire was able to largely hold its own during the conflict, it struggled with internal dissent, especially the Arab Revolt. During this period, the Ottoman government engaged in genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Greeks.\nIn the aftermath of World War I, the victorious Allied Powers occupied and partitioned the Ottoman Empire, which lost its southern territories to the United Kingdom and France. The successful Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk against the occupying Allies, led to the emergence of the Republic of Turkey in the Anatolian heartland and the abolition of the Ottoman monarchy in 1922, formally ending the Ottoman Empire.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nThe word Ottoman is a historical anglicisation of the name of Osman I, the founder of the Empire and of the ruling House of Osman (also known as the Ottoman dynasty). Osman's name in turn was the Turkish form of the Arabic name ��Uthmān (عثمان). In Ottoman Turkish, the empire was referred to as Devlet-i ��Alīye-yi ��Osmānīye (دولت عليه عثمانیه), lit.��'Sublime Ottoman State', or simply Devlet-i ��Osmānīye (دولت عثمانيه), lit.��'Ottoman State'.\nThe Turkish word for \"Ottoman\" (Osmanlı) originally referred to the tribal followers of Osman in the fourteenth century. The word subsequently came to be used to refer to theThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Ban Kenpha",
"paragraph_text": " Xon.\n\n\n== References ==Ban Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. It is to the northeast of Vieng Kham, not far from Muang Xon.\n\n\n== References ==Ban Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. It is to the northeast of Vieng Kham, not far from Muang Xon.\n\n\n== References ==Ban Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. It is to the northeast of Vieng Kham, not far from Muang Xon.\n\n\n== References ==Ban Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. It is to the northeast of Vieng Kham, not far from Muang Xon.\n\n\n== References ==Ban Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. ItBan Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. It is to the northeast of Vieng Kham, not far from Muang Xon.Ban Kenpha is a village in Houaphanh Province, northeastern Laos. It is to the northeast of Vieng Kham, not far from Muang Xon.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What was the process of expelling individuals who, due to the issuance of new coins symbolizing independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, were displaced from the geographical border that separates Thailand and the nation of Ban Kenpha? | [
{
"id": 439878,
"question": "Ban Kenpha >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
]
| The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | []
| true | How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Ban Kenpha's country? |
2hop__96411_159054 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "The Bourne Deception",
"paragraph_text": "The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Sanction,\" which was published in 2008.The Bourne Deception is the title for the novel by Eric Van Lustbader and the seventh novel in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following \"The Bourne Sanction,\" which was published in 2008.The Bourne Deception is a novel by Eric Van Lustbader, the seventh in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following The Bourne Sanction, which was published in 2008.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Bourne Deception picks up where The Bourne Sanction left off. Jason Bourne's nemesis, Arkadin, is still hot on his trail and the two continue their struggle, reversing roles of hunter and hunted. When Bourne is ambushed and badly wounded in Bali, he fakes his death and goes into hiding. Only his close friends, Moira Trevor and Freddie Willard are aware that he is alive. In safety, he takes on a new identity, and begins a mission to find out who tried to assassinate him. Jason begins to question who he really is, how much of him is tied up in the Bourne identity, and what he would become if that was suddenly taken away from him. Shortly after, an American passenger airliner is shot down over Egypt by an Iranian missile. This is where a global conspiracy is revealed. Bud Halliday is at the helm of manipulations by NSA assisted by a wet-work outfit known as Black River. DCI Veronica Hart was an ex-employee of Black River like Moira Trevor and is at loggerheads with the intentions of Bud Halliday. Moira Trevor has started her own company which is a direct competitor of Black River. A global investigative team, led by Soraya Moore, is assembled to get at the truth of the situation before it can escalate into an international scandal. The conspiracy is discovered by one of Moira's employees and he is subsequently killed with Moira being left in grave danger. The trail to his assassin leads Bourne to Seville. On the way there, he meets Tracy Atherton, who tells him that she is going to Seville to buy the 14th Black Painting. In Seville, Bourne is attacked in a bullfighting arena by a killer named The Torturer. Later on, search for the man who shot him intersects with the search for the people that brought down the airliner, leading Bourne into one of the most deadly and challenging situations he has ever encountered. With the threat of a new world war brewing, Bourne finds himself in a race against time to uncover the truth and find the person behind his assault, all the while stalked by his unknown nemesis.\n\n\n== Publication history ==\n\n\n== References ==The Bourne Deception is a novel by Eric Van Lustbader, the seventh in the Jason Bourne series created by Robert Ludlum. It was released on June 9, 2009. It is Lustbader's fourth Bourne novel, following The Bourne Sanction, which was published in 2008.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe Bourne Deception picks up where The Bourne Sanction left off. Jason Bourne's nemesis, Arkadin, is still hot on his trail and the two continue their struggle, reversing roles of hunter and hunted. When Bourne is ambushed and badly wounded in Bali, he fakes his death and goes into hiding. Only his close friends, Moira Trevor and Freddie Willard are aware that he is alive. In safety, he takes on a new identity, and begins a mission to find out who tried to assassinate him. Jason begins to question who he really is, how much of him is tied up in the Bourne identity, and what he would become if that was suddenly taken away from him. Shortly after, an American passenger airliner is shot down over Egypt by an Iranian missile. This is where a global conspiracy is revealed. Bud Halliday is at the helm of manipulations by NSA assisted by a wet-work outfit known as Black River. DCI Veronica Hart was an ex-employee of Black River like Moira Trevor and is at loggerheads with the intentions of Bud Halliday. Moira Trevor has started her own company which is a direct competitor of Black River. A global investigative team, led by Soraya Moore, is assembled to get at the truth of the situation before it can escalate into an international scandal. The conspiracy is discovered by one of Moira's employees and he is subsequently killed with Moira being left in grave danger. The trail to his assassin leads Bourne to Seville. On the way there, he meets Tracy Atherton, who tells him that she is going to Seville to buy the 14th Black Painting. In Seville, Bourne is attacked in a bullfighting arena by a killer named The Torturer. Later on, search for the man who shot him intersects with the search for the people that brought down the airliner, leading Bourne into one of the most deadly and challenging situations he has ever encountered. With the threat of a new world war brewing, Bourne finds himself in a race",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Bourne Ultimatum (film)",
"paragraph_text": " Damon's highest-grossing film with him as the lead. It was chosen by National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2007 and went on to win all three of its nominations at the 80th Academy Awards: Best Film Editing, Best Sound Mixing and Best Sound Editing.\nA fourth film without the involvement of Damon, titled The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum that reprises Damon as the lead role), titled Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nFollowing his pursuit by Kirill, Jason Bourne evades Moscow police while wounded and deals with more flashbacks of when he first joined Operation Treadstone.\nSix weeks later, CIA Deputy Director Pamela Landy reveals the audiotaped confession of Ward Abbott, the late former head of Treadstone, to Director Ezra Kramer. Meanwhile, in Turin, journalist Simon Ross of The Guardian learns about Bourne and Operation Blackbriar, the program succeeding Treadstone. \nUsing the ECHELON system, the CIA detects Ross when he mentions Blackbriar during a phone call to his editor. Bourne reappears in Paris to inform Martin Kreutz, the brother of his girlfriend Marie, of her assassination in India.\nBourne reads Ross' articles so arranges a meeting with him at London Waterloo station. Realizing the CIA is following Ross, he helps him evade capture for a while. However, a panicking Ross ignores Bourne's instructions, so is shot dead by Blackbriar assassin Paz on orders of Deputy Director Noah Vosen. \nVosen's team, reluctantly assisted by Landy, analyzes Ross' notes and identifies his source as Neal Daniels, a CIA station chief. Bourne makes his way to Daniels' office in Madrid but finds it empty and runs into Nicky Parsons, a former Treadstone operative who he shares a history with. She tells him that Daniels has fled to Tangier and aids his escape from an arriving CIA unit.\nMeanwhile, Blackbriar \"asset\" Desh Bouksani is tasked with killing Daniels. Noticing that Nicky accessed information about Daniels, Vosen also sends Bouksani after her and Bourne, a decision with which Landy fiercely disagrees. \nBourne follows Bouksani to Daniels but fails to prevent Daniels' assassination. However, Bourne manages to kill the asset and save Nicky; he then sends her into hiding. Examining the contents of Daniels' briefcase, Bourne finds the address of the deep-cover CIA bureau in NYC, where Vosen directs Blackbriar, and heads there.\nLandy receives a phone call from Bourne, which is intercepted by Vosen. She tells him that his real name is David Webb and gives him the birth date \"4-15-71\". Vosen also intercepts a text to Landy from Bourne of a location to meet up, and leaves his office with a tactical team. \nBourne, however, waits for them all to leave, enters Vosen's office, and takes classified Blackbriar documents. Realizing what is going on, Vosen sends asset Paz after him. The resulting chase ends with both crashing their cars. Bourne holds the injured Paz at gunpoint, but spares his life.\nBourne arrives at a hospital at 415 East 71st Street, having figured out Landy's coded message. He gives Landy the Blackbriar files before going inside. Bourne confronts Dr. Albert Hirsch, the man who ran Treadstone's behavior modification program. Bourne now remembers that he volunteered for Treadstone. \nWhile fleeing to the roof, Bourne is confronted by Paz, who asks why he did not shoot him. Bourne asks him if he knows why he is supposed to kill him, repeating the final words of the Professor, a Treadstone asset: “Look at us. Look at what they make you give.” Paz lowers his gun, but Vosen appears and shoots at Bourne, who jumps into the East River.\nThree days later, Nicky watches a news broadcast about the exposure of Operation Blackbriar, the arrests of Hirsch and Vosen, a criminal investigation against Kramer, and the status of David Webb, a.k.a. Jason Bourne. Upon hearing that his body has not been found, Nicky smiles. He turns out to have survived the fall and swims into the darkness.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\nIn addition, Colin Stinton plays CIA Station Chief Neal Daniels, who is leaking information to Ross, while Joey Ansah plays Desh, the Blackbriar assassin sent to kill Daniels.\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nThe Bourne Ultimatum was filmed at Pinewood Studios near London and in multiple locations around the world, including Tangier, London, Paris, Madrid (as itself and double for Turin), Berlin (as double for Moscow), New York City including the Springs Mills Building (as the deep cover CIA offices), and other locations in the U.S.\nTony Gilroy, who had coThe Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert LudlThe Bourne Ultimatum is a 2007 action spy film directed by Paul Greengrass loosely based on the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum. The screenplay was written by Tony Gilroy, Scott Z. Burns and George Nolfi and based on a screen story of the novel by Gilroy. The Bourne Ultimatum is the third in the Jason Bourne film series, being preceded by The Bourne Identity (2002) and The Bourne Supremacy (2004). The fourth film, The Bourne Legacy, was released in August 2012, without the involvement of Damon, and the fifth film (a direct sequel to Ultimatum), Jason Bourne, was released in July 2016.airn, Scott Glenn, Paddy Considine, Édgar Ramirez, Albert Finney, and Joan Allen. In the film, Bourne continues his search for information about his past before he was part of Operation Treadstone and becomes a target of a similar assassin program. Produced by The Kennedy/Marshall Company in association with Ludlum Entertainment, The Bourne Ultimatum premiered at ArcLight Hollywood on July 25, 2007 before it was theatrically released by Universal Pictures on August 3 in the United States.\nUpon release, it received universal acclaim from critics, who considered it to be the best in the Bourne series. It grossed $444.1 million worldwide against its budget of $110",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the basis for the character's story in The Bourne Deception? | [
{
"id": 96411,
"question": "The The Bourne Deception has what character?",
"answer": "Jason Bourne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 159054,
"question": "What was the story of #1 based on?",
"answer": "the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
]
| the novel of the same name by Robert Ludlum | [
"Robert Ludlum"
]
| true | What was the story of the character from The Bourne Deception based on? |
3hop2__92991_89854_76291 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as \"the senior senator from Virginia\" or \"the junior senator from California\".\nThere are very few restrictions on the content of speeches, and there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate.\nThe Senate Rules provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day (a legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and ends when it adjourns; hence, it does not necessarily coincide with the calendar day). The length of these speeches is not limited by the rules; thus, in most cases, senators may speak for as long as they please. Often, the Senate adopts unanimous consent agreements imposing time limits. In other cases (for example, for the budget process), limits are imposed by statute. In general, however, the right to unlimited debate is preserved.\n\n\n==== Filibuster ====\n\nThe filibuster is an obstructionary tactic used to defeat bills and motions by prolonging debate indefinitely. A filibuster may entail, but does not actually require, long speeches, dilatory motions, and an extensive series of proposed amendments. The longest filibuster speech in the history of the Senate was delivered by Strom Thurmond, who spoke for over twenty-four hours in an unsuccessful attempt to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. The Senate may end a filibuster by invoking cloture. In most cases, cloture requires the support of three-fifths of the Senate. Cloture is invoked very rarely, particularly because bipartisan support is usually necessary to obtain the required supermajority. If the Senate does invoke cloture, debate does not end immediately; instead, further debate is limited to thirty additional hours unless increased by another three-fifths vote.\n\n\n==== Closed session ====\n\nOn occasion, the Senate may go into what is called a secret or closed session. During a closed session, the chamber doors are closed and the galleries are completely cleared of anyone not sworn to secrecy, not instructed in the rules of the closed session, or not essential to the session. Closed sessions are rare and are usually held only under certain circumstances in which the Senate is discussing sensitive subject matter, such as information critical to national security, private communications from the president, or discussions of Senate deliberations during impeachment trials. Any Senator has the right to call a closed session as long as the motion is seconded.\n\n\n=== Voting ===\nWhen debate concludes, the motion in question is put to a vote. In many cases, the Senate votes by voice vote; the presiding officer puts the question, and Members respond either \"Aye!\" (in favor of the motion) or \"No!\" (against the motion). The presiding officer then announces the result of the voice vote. Any senator, however, may challenge the presiding officer's assessment and request a recorded vote. The request may be granted only if it is seconded by one-fifth of the senators present. In practice, however, senators second requests for recorded votes as a matter of courtesy. When a recorded vote is held, the clerk calls the roll of the Senate in alphabetical order; each senator responds when their name is called. Senators who miss the roll call may still cast a vote as long as the recorded vote remains open. The vote is closed at theThe Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "114th United States Congress",
"paragraph_text": " its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally, the Republican'sThe One Hundred Fourteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2015, to January 3, 2017, during the final two full years of Barack Obama's presidency. The 2014 elections gave the Republicans control of the Senate (and control of both houses of Congress) for the first time since the 109th Congress. With 248 seats in the House of Representatives and 54 seats in the Senate, this Congress began with the largest Republican majority since the 71st Congress of 1929 -- 1931. California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 114th Congress by seniority\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The 114th United States Congress began on January 3, 2015. There were 13 new senators (one Democrat, 12 Republicans) and 59 new representatives (15 Democrats, 44 Republicans), as well as two new delegates (one Democrat, one Republican), at the start of its first session. Additionally, seven representatives (two Democrats, five Republicans) took office on various dates in order to fill vacancies during the 114th Congress before it ended on January 3, 2017.\nThe president of the House Democratic freshman class was Ted Lieu of California, while the president of the House Republican freshman class was Ken Buck of Colorado. Additionally, the Republican's freshmen liaison was Mimi Walters of California.\n\n\n== Senate ==\n\n\n== House of Representatives ==\n\n\n=== Took office January 3, 2015 ===\n\n\n==== Non-voting delegates ====\n\n\n=== Took office during the 114th Congress ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of United States senators in the 114th Congress\nList of members of the United States House of Representatives in the 114th Congress by seniority\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==The ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "2014 United States Senate elections",
"paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.4% of eligible voters voted, 4% lower than the 2010 elections, and possibly the lowestThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| At what point did the party with the majority in the House of Representatives gain control over the entity that dictates the rules of the House and Senate? | [
{
"id": 92991,
"question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate",
"answer": "The Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 89854,
"question": "who hold the majority in the house of representatives",
"answer": "the Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 76291,
"question": "when did #2 take control of the #1",
"answer": "January 2015",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| January 2015 | []
| true | When did the party holding the majority in the House of Representatives take control of the determiner of rules of the House and Senate? |
3hop1__796649_720914_27537 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with local robber bands, which were often used to intimidate his rivals and attack carriages. These connections added to his influence and power in the region.\n\n\n== Role in the Western Schism ==\n\n\n=== Council of Pisa ===\nCardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without consulting them in advance. In company with those cardinals who had been following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, they convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became a leading figure. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a newFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII. At the instigation of Sigismund, King of the Romans, Pope John called the Council of Constance of 1413, which deposed John XXIII and Benedict XIII, accepted Gregory XII's resignation, and elected Pope Martin V to replace them, thus ending the schism. John XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Flora (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": ". In the 17th century, it was sold by the Spanish ambassador at Amsterdam to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and was cited by Rembrandt in his Saskia Dressing as Flora of London and in two portraits in Dresden and New York. Later included in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, it was one of the works exchanged with the Uffizi.\nIn the 18th century, it was erroneously attributed to Palma the Elder.\n\n\n== Description ==\nIt portrays an idealized beautiful woman, a model established in the Venetian school by Titian's master Giorgione with his Laura. Her left hand holds a pink-shaded mantle, and her right holds a handful of flowers and leaves.\nThe woman was portrayed by Titian in numerous other works of the period, including the Woman at the Mirror, the Vanity, Salome and Violante, as well as some Holy Conversations. The meaning of the painting is disputed: some, basing for example to inscriptions added to the 16th century reproductions, identifies the woman as a courtesan; other consider it a symbol of nuptial love, although her dress is not a dressing one. The identification with Flora, the ancient goddess of Spring and vegetation, derives from the presence of Spring flowers in her hands.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nValcanover, Francesco (1969). L'opera completa di Tiziano (in Italian). Milan: Rizzoli.\n\n\n== External links ==\nUffizi Gallery page\nVirtual Uffizi pageFlora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe work was reproduced in numerous 16th century etchings. Later, it followed an unclear series of changes of hands at Brussels and Vienna. In the 17th century, it was sold by the Spanish ambassador at Amsterdam to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and was cited by Rembrandt in his Saskia Dressing as Flora Flora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.== History ==\nThe work was reproduced in numerous 16th century etchings. Later, it followed an unclear series of changes of hands at Brussels and Vienna. In the 17th century, it was sold by the Spanish ambassador at Amsterdam to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and was cited by Rembrandt in his Saskia Dressing as Flora of London and in two portraits in Dresden and New York. Later included in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, it was one of the works exchanged with the Uffizi.\nIn the 18th century, it was erroneously attributed to Palma the Elder.\n\n\n== Description ==\nIt portrays an idealized beautiful woman, a model established in the Venetian school by Titian's master Giorgione with his Laura. Her left hand holds a pink-shaded mantle, and her right holds a handful of flowers and leaves.\nThe woman was portrayed by Titian in numerous other works of the period, including the Woman at the Mirror, the Vanity, Salome and Violante, as well as some Holy Conversations. The meaning of the painting is disputed: some, basing for example to inscriptions added to the 16th century reproductions, identifies the woman as a courtesan; other consider it a symbol of nuptial love, although her dress is not a dressing one",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, toThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of",
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]
| What led Roncalli to depart from the city where the originator of Flora passed away? | [
{
"id": 796649,
"question": "Flora >> creator",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| for the conclave in Rome | [
"Rome",
"Roma"
]
| true | Why did Roncalli leave the city where the creator of Flora died? |
2hop__274529_5385 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Ross Porter (sportscaster)",
"paragraph_text": "1960 and 1966, he did the\nplay-by-play of the previous day's University of Oklahoma football game on channel 4's one-hour \"Sunday\nPlayback Show.\"\nIn 1966, at age 27, he left for Los Angeles and subsequently spent 10 years as a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles. He worked alongside Tom Snyder on the 6 PM news and Tom Brokaw on the 11PM news. Porter won two local Emmys.\nPorter worked for NBC Sports in the early 1970s, calling NFL football from 1970 to 1976 and Pacific-8 college basketball from 1972 to 1976. He also served as the halftime host of the 1974 Final Four, the sideline reporter for the 1975 Rose Bowl, and a hole announcer for the Bing Crosby National Pro-Am golf tournament. Porter had to give up his NBC assignments when he joined the Dodgers in 1977, due to an overlap in seasons. He later was the radio and television voice of UNLV Rebels football and basketball from 1978 to 1992.\nDuring the 1970s, Porter had been the television play-by-play announcer for the high school basketball Game of The Week on KNBC showing matchups between Los Angeles area teams. Former Dodgers pitcher Sandy Koufax worked as a game analyst with Ross the first year. One of their games went five overtimes.\nRoss was rated among the top 60 baseball announcers of all-time by Curt Smith in his book Voices of Summer.\nRoss Porter is the only broadcaster to have been the voice of a World Series champion (the 1981 and 1988 Dodgers) and a college basketball champion (with UNLV in 1990). In 1968, Porter was honored as a Distinguished Alum of the University of Oklahoma.\nRoss was inducted into the Southern California Sports Broadcasters Hall of Fame in 2005 with Vin Scully, his longtime Dodgers broadcasting colleague, as his presenter. Scully said, \"I had the pleasure and the\nopportunity to work alongside Ross for 28 years. He fulfills all of the requirements of a successful professional announcer. His work habits and preparation are exemplary. Ross is accuratePorter was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and graduated from Shawnee High School in 1955, then went on to earn a radio journalism degree at the University of Oklahoma. His broadcasting career began at age 14 when he broadcast a few innings in several games involving Shawnee's Class D baseball team, the Hawks, a Los Angeles Dodgers farm club, over KGFF. At age 15, Porter was elevated to play-by-play man of the Shawnee Wolves' football and basketball broadcasts and the Hawks when the regular announcer resigned. At a high school football game one night, Ross was introduced by his father to the legendary Jim Thorpe.RPorter was born in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and graduated from Shawnee High School in 1955, then went on to earn a radio journalism degree at the University of Oklahoma. His broadcasting career began at age 14 when he broadcast a few innings in several games involving Shawnee's Class D baseball team, the Hawks, a Los Angeles Dodgers farm club, over KGFF. At age 15, Porter was elevated to play-by-play man of the Shawnee Wolves' football and basketball broadcasts and the Hawks when the regular announcer resigned. At a high school football game one night, Ross was introduced by his father to the legendary Jim Thorpe.. At age 15, Porter was elevated to play-by-play man of the Shawnee Wolves' football and basketball broadcasts and the Hawks when their regular announcer resigned. At a high school football game one night, Ross was introduced by his father to the legendary Jim Thorpe.\n\n\n== Broadcasting career ==\nAfter earning his college degree, Porter was hired by WKY radio in Oklahoma City as a newscaster. He also was a sports anchor for WKY-TV, and at age 24 became the youngest recipient of the Oklahoma Sportscaster of the Year award, and the youngest state winner ever in the nation. Ross repeated the next year. Between 1960 and 1966, he did the\nplay-by-play of the previous day's University of Oklahoma football game on channel 4's one-hour \"Sunday\nPlayback Show.\"\nIn 1966, at age 27, he left for Los Angeles and subsequently spent 10 years as a sportscaster for KNBC-TV in Los Angeles. He worked alongside Tom Snyder on the 6 PM news and Tom Brokaw on the 11PM news. Porter won two local Emmys.\nPorter worked for NBC Sports",
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{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": ", and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force BaseWhile not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). population, and is the 8th largest city in the Southern United States. The population grew following the 2010 census and reached 681,054 in the 2020 census. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (which house offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 and I-40 corridors, one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and New Mexico, north towards Wichita and Kansas City, west to Albuquerque, and east towards Little Rock and Memphis. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological",
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| What is the number of staff employed at the educational institution that Ross Porter attended? | [
{
"id": 274529,
"question": "Ross Porter >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 5385,
"question": "How many people work in #1 ?",
"answer": "11,900",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| 11,900 | []
| true | How many people work in the school where Ross Porter was educated? |
2hop__532383_768138 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix",
"paragraph_text": " Hot 100 and number 10 on the Billboard Top 40/Mainstream chart. It also reached number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in Ireland, number 50 in Canada, and number 68 in Australia.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" was written by Joey Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes, and Eric Beall. The song was written when Lawrence was approximately fifteen years old.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nAccording to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 108 beats per minute. Lawrence's vocal range spans three octaves, from F3 to F��6.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nIn the United States, \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated March 6, 1993. The song spent 20 weeks on the chart, reaching its peak position of number 19 for the issue dated May 8, 1993. On the 1993 year-end chart, the song achieved a position of number 92.\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe video premiered on February 15, 1993, during an episode of Blossom. Prior to its broadcast, the video was promoted through advertisements on MTV and NBC. The music video received heavy airplay on many outlets, including MTV, and Lawrence was invited to perform on MTV Spring Break, The Arsenio Hall Show, and Top of the Pops.\n\n\n== Track listings and formats ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nPersonnel are adapted from the Joey Lawrence album liner notes.\n\nJoey Lawrence – vocals, writing\nSteve Barri – production\nAlexandra Forbes – production, writing\nEric Beall – production, writing\nTony Peluso – production, vocal recording, mixing\nSteve Skinner – keyboards, drum programming\nFred Tenny – recording\nAxel Niehaus – assistant recording engineer\nFred Kelly – assistant mixing engineer\nJulie Barri – production assistance\nSteve Hall – mastering\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n==\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is an R&B/new jack swing-styled pop single from American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, and is the first single from his self-titled debut album, released on February 9, 1993.\"No\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is an R&B/new jack swing-styled pop single from American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, and is the first single from his self-titled debut album, released on February 9, 1993. Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes and Eric Beall and produced by Forbes, Beall, Steve Barri and Tony Peluso, \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" is Lawrence's most successful single, peaking at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 10 on the Billboard Top 40/Mainstream chart. It also reached number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in Ireland, number 50 in Canada, and number 68 in Australia.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" was written by Joey Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes, and Eric Beall. The song was written when Lawrence was approximately fifteen years old.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nAccording to the sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Alfred Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 108 beats per minute. Lawrence's vocal range spans three octaves, from F3 to F��6.\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\nIn the United States, \"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix\" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated March 6, 1993. The song spent 20 weeks on the chart, reaching its peak position of number 19 for the issue dated May 8, 1993. On the 1993 year-end chart, the song achieved a position of number 92.\n\n\n==",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Pulse (1988 film)",
"paragraph_text": " father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean Sincere as Ruby\nTerry Beaver as Policeman\nGreg Norberg as Policeman\nTim Russ as Policeman\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film was promoted by the taglines \"It traps you in your house...then pulls the plug,\" \"In every second of every day, it improves our lives. And in a flash, it can end them,\" and also \"the ultimate shocker.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E. McEuen.\nPaul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he'd been listening to “the sounds of the house…..the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed itself .\nGolding wrote thePulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research. by Cinema Research Corporation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA highly aggressive, paranormal intelligence thriving within the electrical grid system of Los Angeles, California is moving from house to house. It terrorizes the occupants by taking control of the appliances, killing them or causing them to wreck the house in an effort to destroy it. Once this has been accomplished, it travels along the power lines to the next house, and the terror restarts. Having thus wrecked one household in a quiet, suburban neighborhood, the pulse finds itself in the home of a boy's divorced father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean Sincere as Ruby\nTerry Beaver as Policeman\nGreg Norberg as Policeman\nTim Russ as Policeman\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film was promoted by the taglines \"It traps you in your house...then pulls the plug,\" \"In every second of every day, it improves our lives. And in a flash, it can end them,\" and also \"the ultimate shocker.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E. McEuen.\nPaul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he'd been listening to “the sounds of the house…..the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed itself .\nGolding wrote the screenplay under the working titles of House, Tract and Currents in 1981 but couldn't get it made until Columbia eventually took it on seven years later. David Morse and Tommy Lee Jones both auditioned for the role of Bill but lost to Cliff De Young. Production was completed a day early and $1 million under its $6 million budget, and as a result were able to afford Oxford Scientific Films to do many of the special effects.\n\n\n== Release ==\nDavid V. Picker, the head of Paramount Pictures at the time, was impressed by the film and intended to position it as a wide release, but changes in studio management curtailed this and it was only released theatrically in Texas and Oklahoma",
"is_supporting": true
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| Who is the sibling of the artist who sings Nothin' My Love Can't Fix? | [
{
"id": 532383,
"question": "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix >> performer",
"answer": "Joey Lawrence",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 768138,
"question": "#1 >> sibling",
"answer": "Matthew Lawrence",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| Matthew Lawrence | []
| true | Who is the brother of the Nothin' My Love Can't Fix performer? |
4hop3__524186_219173_128875_72134 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "The Poor Boob",
"paragraph_text": " and gets fired. Henry Platt's (Roberts) stenographer, Hope (Hawley), who has become fond of Simp, concocts a scheme to reestablish Simp by his posing as a millionaire in a nearby town with her as his secretary and Jimmy Borden (Rosson), the office boy, as his valet. Simp decides to go Hightower, his hometown. The town makes great preparations for the return of its successful son, and Simp arrives and is greeted by its prominent citizens. With his luck turning, he closes a contract for Platt, his old employer, with a commission of $5,000. Douglas, who let the canning factory go to pieces, is willing to sell out for that amount. Simp buys the place and is immediately approached by Platt, who has received word that his factory has burned down. Since he cannot fulfill the contract, Platt demands return of the $5,000. But Simp takes over the contract, borrows some money from the town banker, and is well on the way to his fortune. As his boyhood sweetheart Tiny now weights two hundred pounds, his youthful illusion has faded and he begins to look to Hope with the eyes of love.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBryant Washburn as Simpson Hightower\nWanda Hawley as Hope 'Pep' Sparks\nRichard Rosson as Jimmy Borden\nTheodore Roberts as Henry Platt\nRaymond Hatton as Stephen Douglas\nJay Dwiggins as Benton\nCharles Ogle as Tucker\nJane Wolfe as Mrs. Benton\nMary Thurman as Tiny Parcel\nGuy Oliver as Hallock\nClarence Geldart as Mr. Swanson\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nThe Poor Boob at IMDb\nsynopsis at AllMovieThe Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and produced by Paramount Pictures. It starred Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAs described in a film magazine, Simpson Hightower (Washburn), known as Simp, leaves his hometown as a failure. He has been cheated out of the local canning factory, which had been in the family for two generations, by Stephen Douglas (Hatton). Douglas also won Tiny (Thurman), the girl of Simp's dreams. Simp goes to New York and works at Platt's Provision Factory, and holds the job for a considerable time until he makes a bonehead mistake and gets fired. Henry Platt's (Roberts) stenographer, Hope (Hawley), who has become fond of Simp, concocts a scheme to reestablish Simp by his posing as a millionaire in a nearby town with her as his secretary and Jimmy Borden (Rosson), the office boy, as his valet. Simp decides to go Hightower, his hometown. The town makes great preparations for the return of its successful son, and Simp arrives and is greeted by its prominent citizens. With his luck turning, he closes a contract for Platt, his old employer, with a commission of $5,000. Douglas, who let the canning factory go to pieces, is willing to sell out for that amount. Simp buys the place and is immediately approached by Platt, who has received word that his factory has burned down. Since he cannot fulfill the contract, Platt demands return of the $5,000. But Simp takes over the contract, borrows some money from the town banker, and is well on the way to his fortune. As his boyhood sweetheart Tiny now weights two hundred pounds, his youthful illusion has faded and he begins to look to Hope with the eyes of love.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBryant Washburn as Simpson Hightower\nWanda Hawley as Hope 'Pep' Sparks\nRichard Rosson as Jimmy Borden\nTheodore Roberts as Henry Platt\nRaymond Hatton as Stephen Douglas\nJay Dwiggins as Benton\nCharles Ogle as Tucker\nJane Wolfe as Mrs. Benton\nMary Thurman as Tiny Parcel\nGuy Oliver as Hallock\nClarence Geldart as Mr. Swanson\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nThe Poor Boob at IMDb\nsynopsis at AllMovieThe Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and produced by Paramount Pictures. It starred Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAs described in a film magazine, Simpson Hightower (Washburn), known as Simp, leaves his hometown as a failure. He has been cheated out of the local canning factory, which had been in the family for two generations, by Stephen Douglas (Hatton). Douglas also won Tiny (Thurman), the girl of Simp's dreams. Simp goes to New York and works at Platt's Provision Factory, and holds the job for a considerable time until he makes a bonehead mistake and gets fired. Henry Platt's (Roberts) stenographer, Hope (Hawley), who has become fond of Simp, concocts a scheme to reestablish Simp by his posing as a millionaire in a nearby town with her as his secretary and Jimmy Borden (Rosson), the office boy, as his valet. Simp decides to go Hightower, his hometown. The town makes great preparations for the return of its successful son, and Simp arrives and is greeted by its prominent citizens. With his luck turning, he closes a contract for Platt, his old employer, with a commission of $5,000. Douglas, who let the canning factory go to pieces, is willing to sell out for that amount. Simp buys theThe Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and written by Margaret Mayo, Z. Wall Covington and Gardner Hunting. The film stars Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins. The film was released on March 9, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.TheThe Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and written by Margaret Mayo, Z. Wall Covington and Gardner Hunting. The film stars Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins. The film was released on March 9, 1919, by Paramount Pictures. as a failure. He has been cheated out of the local canning factory, which had been in the family for two generations, by Stephen Douglas (Hatton). Douglas also won Tiny (Thurman), the girl of Simp's dreams. Simp goes to New York and works at Platt's Provision Factory, and holds the job for a considerable time until he makes a bonehead mistake and gets fired. Henry Platt's (Roberts) stenographer, Hope (Hawley), who has become fond of Simp, concocts a scheme to reestablish Simp by his posing as a millionaire in a nearby town with her as his secretary and",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Margaret Mayo (playwright)",
"paragraph_text": "argaret Mayo, born Lillian Elizabeth Slatten, was an American actress, playwright, and screenwriter.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nShe was raised on a farm near Brownsville, Illinois. Later, she was educated at the Girl’s College in Fox Lake, Wisconsin; the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Salem, Oregon; and at Stanford University. In her teen years, she traveled to New York City to pursue an acting career. She won a small part in a play named Thoroughbred at the Garrick Theatre. \nShe met her future husband, fellow actor Edgar Selwyn, in 1896. The same year, she began her writingMargaret Mayo, born Lillian Elizabeth Slatten (November 19, 1882 in Brownsville, Illinois – February 25, 1951), was an American actress, playwright and screenwriter.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "WLUJ",
"paragraph_text": "WLUJ is a Christian radio station licensed to Springfield, Illinois, broadcasting on 89.7 MHz FM. The station is owned by Cornerstone Community Radio.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Springfield, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).",
"is_supporting": true
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| What year did the city that holds the broadcasting rights for WLUJ become the capital of the state where the scriptwriter of The Poor Boob was born? | [
{
"id": 524186,
"question": "The Poor Boob >> screenwriter",
"answer": "Margaret Mayo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 219173,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Illinois",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 128875,
"question": "What town is WLUJ liscensed in?",
"answer": "Springfield",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 72134,
"question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2",
"answer": "1839",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| 1839 | []
| true | When did the town WLUJ is licensed in become the capital of the state where The Poor Boob's screenwriter was born? |
2hop__609313_20273 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "The History of the Reformation in Scotland",
"paragraph_text": " Knox to write a history of the movement. This short pamphlet became the second book of the History.\nIn 1566 Knox continued writing the rest of the History while in Kyle in Ayrshire. By this time he probably had completed drafts of the third book which chronicles the events leading up to the arrival of Mary, Queen of Scots in Scotland. Knox mainly worked on the first and fourth books during this time. The first book covers the period from the beginnings of the Scottish Reformation up to 1559. The fourth book recorded the events from August 1561 to June 1564.\nThe fifth book first appeared in an edition published by David Buchanan (a relative of the Scottish historian George Buchanan) in 1644. It covers the period from September 1564 to August 1567 when Mary was forced to abdicate the throne. In Buchanan's biography of Knox, he claims that the History is based on Knox's own manuscripts and papers. In a 1732 edition of the History, an unknown editor attributes the fifth book to Buchanan. It is not known who is the author of the fifth book.\n\n\n== Analysis ==\nKnox's History of Reformation has been used as an historical source since its full publication in 1644. However, its own qualities as a text and its ideological context have only been examined in more recent years, starting with Arthur Williamson of New York University's Scottish National Consciousness in the Age of James VI, (1979). Knox was addressing a problem of legitimacy for the new Scottish church compared with age old traditions of the Catholic church. The task was to provide a reassurance that the new community was meaningful and godly. To this Knox brought his evident skills as a preacher and his doctrine of adherence to biblical texts, with application not just to moral situations but in legal contexts and political argument. Working on these lines Knox tends to indicate clearly in his interpretation of past events whether actions were godly or not, thus imposing an intelligible structure on past events. Roger A Mason, of St Andrews University, summarized this aspect of the History of the Reformation, \"This kind of thinking, with its strong apocalyptic overtones, is evident on virtually every page of Knox's surviving writings.\"\nArthur Williamson contrasted Knox's work (apart from Book 1), with John Foxe's Book of Martyrs, wherein with a more abundant supply of historical materials, Foxe was able to create a progressive narrative of the Protestant church in England. Knox choose not to include historical or legendary material about the early church in Scotland. In this omission Roger Mason saw the possibility that Knox took his record of events of the Scottish Reformation, and laid the focus of his History on those events, and on the progress of the new Scottish kirk after the Reformation, producing a critique of recent familiar events which may have helped build community consensus.\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nLaing, David, ed. (1895), The Works of John Knox, Edinburgh: James Thin, 55 South Bridge, OCLC 5437053.\nPercy, Lord Eustace (1964), John Knox (2nd ed.), London: James Clarke & Co., Ltd., OCLC 1296659.\n\n\n== External links ==\nKnox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: James Thin.\nKnox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: James Thin.\nKnox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 3. Edinburgh: James Thin.\nKnox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 4. Edinburgh: James Thin.\nKnox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 5. Edinburgh: James Thin.\nKnox, John (1895). Laing, David (ed.). The works of John Knox. Vol. 6. Edinburgh: James Thin.The History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566.\n\n\n== Knox and his History ==\nIn 1559 during the ScottishThe History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566.The HistoryThe History of the Reformation in Scotland is a five-volume book written by the Scottish reformer, John Knox, between 1559 and 1566.== Knox and his History ==\nIn 1559 during the Scottish Reformation, the leaders of the Protestant nobility, the Lords of the Congregation, asked Knox to write a history of the movement. This short pamphlet became the second book of the History.\nIn 1566 Knox continued writing the rest of the History while in Kyle in Ayrshire. By this time he probably had completed drafts of the third book which chronicles the events leading up to the arrival of Mary, Queen of Scots in Scotland. Knox mainly worked on the first and fourth books during this time. The first book covers the period from the beginnings of the Scottish Reformation up to 1559. The fourth book recorded the events from August 1561 to June 1564.\nThe fifth book first appeared in an edition published by David Buchanan (a relative of the Scottish historian George Buchanan) in 1644. It covers the period from September 1564 to August 1567 when Mary was forced to abdicate the throne. In Buchanan's biography of Knox, he claims that the History is based on Knox's own manuscripts and papers. In a 1732 edition of the History, an unknown editor attributes the fifth book to Buchanan. It is not known who is the author of the fifth book.\n\n\n== Analysis ==\nKnox's History of Reformation has been used as an historical source since its full publication in 1644. However, its own qualities as a text and its ideological context have only been examined in more recent years, starting with Arthur Williamson of New York University's Scottish National Consciousness in the Age of James VI, (1979). Knox was addressing a problem of legitimacy for the new Scottish church compared with age old traditions of the Catholic church. The task was to provide a reassurance that the new community was meaningful and god",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Presbyterianism",
"paragraph_text": " of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent of one another.\" The Church in Scotland kept the Christian feast of Easter at a date different from the See of Rome and its monks used a unique style of tonsure. The Synod of Whitby in 664, however, ended these distinctions as it ruled \"that Easter would be celebrated according to the Roman date, not the Celtic date.\" Although Roman influence came to dominate the Church in Scotland, certain Celtic influences remained in the Scottish Church, such as \"the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditional and folk tunes\", which later became a \"distinctive part of Scottish Presbyterian worship\".\n\n\n=== Development ===\n\nPresbyterian history is part of the history of Christianity, but the beginning of Presbyterianism as a distinct movement occurred during the 16th century Protestant Reformation. As the Catholic Church resisted the Reformers, several different theological movements splintered from the Church and bore different denominations.\nPresbyterianism was especially influenced by the French theologian John Calvin, who is credited with the development of Reformed theology, and the work of John Knox, a Scottish Catholic Priest who studied with Calvin in Geneva and brought back Reformed teachings to Scotland. An important influence on the formation of presbyterianism in Britain also came from John a Lasco, a Polish reformer, the founder of a Stranger's Church in London, based on the Geneva models.\nThe Presbyterian church traces itsJohn Knox (1505–1572), a Scot who had spent time studying under Calvin in Geneva, returned to Scotland and urged his countrymen to reform the Church in line with Calvinist doctrines. After a period of religious convulsion and political conflict culminating in a victory for the Protestant party at the Siege of Leith the authority of the Church of Rome was abolished in favour of Reformation by the legislation of the Scottish Reformation Parliament in 1560. The Church was eventually organised by Andrew Melville along Presbyterian lines to become the national Church of Scotland. King James VI and I moved the Church of Scotland towards an episcopal form of government, and in 1637, James' successor, Charles I and William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury, attempted to force the Church of Scotland to use the Book of Common Prayer. What resulted was an armed insurrection, with many Scots signing the Solemn League and Covenant. The Covenanters would serve as the government of Scotland for nearly a decade, and would also send military support to the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War. Following the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Charles II, despite the initial support that he received from the Covenanters, reinstated an episcopal form of government on the church. sessions made up of representatives of the congregation (elders), a conciliar approach as with other levels of decision-making (presbytery, synod, and general assembly). There are roughly 75 million Presbyterians in the world.\nThe roots of Presbyterianism lie in the Reformation of the 16th century, the example of John Calvin's Republic of Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches that trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the 20th century, some Presbyterians played an important role in the ecumenical movement, including the World Council of Churches. Many Presbyterian denominations have found ways of working together with other Reformed denominations and Christians of other traditions, especially in the World Communion of Reformed Churches. Some Presbyterian churches have entered into unions with other churches, such as Congregationalists, Lutherans, Anglicans, and Methodists. Presbyterians in the United States came largely from Scottish, Scots-Irish immigrants, and also from New England communities that had originally been Congregational but changed because of an agreed-upon Plan of Union of 1801 for frontier areas.\n\n\n== Presbyterian identity ==\n\n\n=== Early history ===\n\nPresbyterian tradition, particularly that of the Church of Scotland, traces its early roots to the Christian Church founded by Saint Columba, through the 6th century Hiberno-Scottish mission. Tracing their apostolic origin to Saint John, the Culdees practiced Christian monasticism, a key feature of Celtic Christianity in the region, with a presbyter exercising \"authority within the institution, while the different monastic institutions were independent of one another.\" The Church in Scotland kept the Christian feast of Easter at a date different from the See of Rome and its monks used a unique style of tonsure. The Synod of Whitby in 664, however, ended these distinctions as it ruled \"that Easter would be celebrated according to the Roman date, not the Celtic date.\" Although Roman influence came to dominate the Church in Scotland, certain Celtic influences remained in the Scottish Church, such as \"the singing of metrical psalms, many of them set to old Celtic Christianity Scottish traditional and folk tunes\", which later became a \"distinctive",
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| In which year did the writer of 'History of the Reformation in Scotland' pass away? | [
{
"id": 609313,
"question": "History of the Reformation in Scotland >> author",
"answer": "John Knox",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 20273,
"question": "What year did #1 past away?",
"answer": "1572",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
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| 1572 | []
| true | What year did the author of History of the Reformation in Scotland die? |
3hop1__144678_443779_52195 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assaultThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tac",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Bustami",
"paragraph_text": ".\n\n\n== Early life ==\nYasmine Al-Bustami was born in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, to a Palestinian-Jordanian father and Filipina mother, but moved with her family to Texas at the age of three. After receiving a degree in Finance, she decided to enter the world of entertainment, and improved her studies in Chicago, Illinois.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn 2013, Al-Bustami made her television debut in The Originals as the recurring role of Monique Deveraux, a season one villain.\nIn 2014, she guest starred in a season 3 episode of Nashville playing the role of Delissa Birch.\nIn 2015, Al-Bustami guest starred in a season 4 episode of Switched at Birth.\nIn 2016-2017, she had a recurring role on season 2 of The Inspectors. In 2017 she appeared in the music video of John Legend's single, \"Surefire.\" Al-Bustami also had a role in the feature film You Get Me. She was a series regular in the CW Seed series I Ship It playing Sasha.\nIn 2018, Al-Bustami was cast as a series regular in the Alpha streaming service live interactive sci-fi series Orbital Redux playing the role of Tommie.\nIn 2019, season 2 of I Ship It was released with Al-Bustami back as Sasha. The season premiered again on CW Seed, but also premiered this time on The CW.\nIn 2021, she reprised the role of Ramah in multiple episodes of The Chosen's second season and third season, after appearing in a season one episode in 2019. She was also cast as a series regular in NCIS spin-off NCIS: Hawai��i playing the role of Special Agent Lucy Tara.\n\n\n== Filmography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nYasmine Al-Bustami at IMDb\nYasmine Al-Bustami on XYasmine Al-Bustami (Arabic: ياسمين البسطامي : Yāsmīn al-Bus���āmī) is an American actress. She is most known for her roles on The Originals, NCIS: Hawai��i, and The Chosen.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nYasmine Al-Bustami was born in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, to aBustami (born on July 1, 1982) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for PSAP Sigli in the Indonesia Super League.Yasmine Al-Bustami (Bustami (born on July 1, 1982) is an Indonesian footballer who currently plays for PSAP Sigli in the Indonesia Super League.āmī) is an American actress. She is most known for her roles on The Originals, NCIS: Hawai��i, and The Chosen.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nYasmine Al-Bustami was born in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, to a Palestinian-Jordanian father and Filipina mother, but moved with her family to Texas at the age of three. After receiving a degree in Finance, she decided to enter the world of entertainment, and improved her studies in Chicago, Illinois.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn 2013, Al-Bustami made her television debut in The Originals as the recurring role of Monique Deveraux, a season one villain.\nIn 2014, she guest starred in a season 3 episode of Nashville playing the role of Delissa Birch.\nIn 2015, Al-Bustami guest starred in a season 4 episode of Switched at Birth.\nIn 2016-2017, she had a recurring role on season 2 of The Inspectors. In 2017 she appeared in the music video of John Legend's single, \"Surefire.\" Al-Bustami also had a role in the feature film",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica Regency, with its capital at Liquica, consisted of Liquica, Bazar-TeteDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in 1999 and East Timor came under the administration of the United Nations.\nAfter the re-establishment of the independence of East Timor in 2002, the East Timorese government requested that the name Timor-Leste be used in place of \"East Timor\". This is to avoid the Indonesian term and its reminder of the Indonesian occupation.\n\n\n== Government ==\nAs with all provinces of Indonesia, executive authority was vested in a Governor and Vice-Governor elected by the Regional Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, DPRD) every five years. Legislative authority was vested in the DPRD, both in province and regency level.\n\n\n=== Governors ===\n\nBelow are governors of East Timor Province from 1976 to 1999:\n\n\n=== Regional Representative Council ===\nComposition of the Regional Representative Council between 1980 and 1999:\n\n\n== Government and administrative divisions ==\n\nThe province was divided into thirteen regencies (kabupaten) and one administrative city (kota administratif). These are listed below along with their districts (kecamatan), per December 1981:\n\nDili Administrative City, served as the capital of East Timor, also the capital and part of Dili Regency, consisted of East Dili (Dili Timur) and West Dili (Dili Barat) districts, which formerly belonged to Dili Regency before the creation of the administrative city status in November 1981.\nDili Regency, consisted of Dili Administrative City, Atauro and Metinaro districts.\nBaucau Regency, with its capital at Baucau, consisted of Baucau, Vemasse, Laga, Baguia, Venilale, and Quelicai districts.\nManatuto Regency, with its capital at Manatuto, consisted of Manatuto, Laclubar, Barique, Laclo, and Laleia districts.\nLautem Regency, with its capital at Lospalos, consisted of Lospalos, Luro, Iliomar, Lautem, and Tutuala districts.\nViqueque Regency, with its capital at Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nit",
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| After asserting their independence, who was the president of the second country for which the Truth and Friendship Commission implemented governments, including in the nation where Bustami was born? | [
{
"id": 144678,
"question": "What is the city of birth of Bustami?",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| Francisco Guterres | []
| true | The Commission of Truth and Friendship established governments for Bustami's birth country and a second country that had who as president after declaring independence? |
2hop__35136_35117 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": " agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science,Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif (\"Book of Concessions\"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy.One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate, according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term has been documented as early as ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Muslim world",
"paragraph_text": " refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18% of world's GDP or US$ 30 trillion with 5 OIC observer states which is equal to about 22% of the world's GDP. \nAs of 2020, 1.8 billion or more than 25% of the world population are Muslims. By the percentage of the total population in a region considering themselves Muslim, 91% in the Middle East-North Africa (MENA), 89% in Central Asia, 40% in Southeast Asia, 31% in South Asia, 30% in Sub-Saharan Africa, 25% in Asia, 1.4% in Oceania, 6% in Europe, and 1% in the Americas.\nMost Muslims are of one of two denominations: Sunni Islam (87–90%) and Shia (10–13%). However, other denominations exist in pockets, such as Ibadi (primarily in Oman). Muslims who do not belong to, do not self-identify with, or cannot be readily classified under one of the identifiable Islamic schools and branches are known as non-denominational Muslims. About 13% of Muslims live in Indonesia, the largest Muslim-majority country; 31% of Muslims live in South Asia, the largest population of Muslims in the world; 20% in the Middle East–North Africa, where it is the dominant religion; and 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa and West Africa (primarily in Nigeria). Muslims are the overwhelming majority in Central Asia, the majority in the Caucasus, and widespread in Southeast Asia. India has the largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries. Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, and Egypt are home to the world’s second, fourth, sixth and seventh largest Muslim populations respectively. Sizeable Muslim communities are also found in the Americas, Russia, India, China, and Europe. Islam is the fastest-growing major religion in the world partially due to their high birth rate, according to the same study, religious switching has no impact on Muslim population, since the number of people who embrace Islam and those who leave Islam are roughly equal. China has the third largest Muslim population outside Muslim-majority countries, while Russia has the fifth largest Muslim population. Nigeria has the largest Muslim population in Africa, while Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in Asia.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term has been documented as early as 1912 to encompass the influence of perceived pan-Islamic propaganda. The Times described Pan-Islamism as a movement with power, importance, and cohesion born in Paris, where Turks, Arabs and Persians congregated. The correspondent's focus was on India: it would take too long to consider the progress made in various parts of the Muslim world. The article considered the position of the Amir, the effect of the Tripoli Campaign, Anglo-Russian action in Persia, and \"Afghan Ambitions\".\nIn a modern geopolitical sense, the terms 'Muslim world' and 'Islamic world' refer to countries in which Islam is widespread,Theologus Autodidactus, written by the Arabian polymath Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), is the first example of a science fiction novel. It deals with various science fiction elements such as spontaneous generation, futurology, the end of the world and doomsday, resurrection, and the afterlife. Rather than giving supernatural or mythological explanations for these events, Ibn al-Nafis attempted to explain these plot elements using the scientific knowledge of biology, astronomy, cosmology and geology known in his time. Ibn al-Nafis' fiction explained Islamic religious teachings via science and Islamic philosophy.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| How long did the academic who proposed the theory of blood circulation through the lungs live? | [
{
"id": 35136,
"question": "Who theorized about pulmonary circulation?",
"answer": "Ibn al-Nafis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 35117,
"question": "What was the life span of #1 ?",
"answer": "1213–1288",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| 1213–1288 | []
| true | What's the life span of the scholar who theorized about pulmonary circulation? |
4hop1__88342_49853_128008_87812 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Opening Day",
"paragraph_text": " the first pitch of every major league season officially took place in Cincinnati, and the Reds remain the only major league team to always open the season with a home game (the sole exceptions, since the beginning of the 20th century, being in 1966, when they started the season at Philadelphia after rain washed out the opening series in Cincinnati; 1990, when due to a lockout affecting the schedule they opened the season at Houston; and 2022, when another lockout led to their opening the season at Atlanta). The Chicago Cubs have been the Reds' most frequent Opening Day opponent, visiting Cincinnati for 36 season openers, most recently in 2007. The Pittsburgh Pirates, against whom the current Reds organization played their first opener in 1882, are a close second with 32, most recently in 2023; no other team has more than 19 (by the St. Louis Cardinals, most recently in 2014), largely due to the Cubs and Pirates rotating as the Opening Day opponents from 1899 to 1916, then the two teams and the Cardinals rotated from 1917 to 1952. Following the then-Boston Braves relocation to Milwaukee during the 1953 spring training, the Braves swapped schedules with the Pirates and the Opening Day opponent for the Reds began to be rotated amongst the rest of the National League. Fittingly, the Reds were also the first team to host an Interleague game on Opening Day when the team hosted the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim in the first year of year-round Interleague play in 2013.\nSince 1994 ESPN has often televised a regular-season game the night before \"Opening Day\" and recent years have seen the staging of season-opening series in Mexico, Puerto Rico, Japan, and Australia. While these are technically \"opening games\", Major League Baseball still reserves the title \"Opening Day\" for the first day in which multiple games are played. (For the first time ever, three televised games were played on Sunday, April 3, 2016, before the traditional \"Opening Day\" slate of games on Monday, April 4.)\n\nOpening Day is a state of mind as well, with countless baseball fans known to recognize this unofficial holiday as a good reason to call in sick at work or be truant from school (as most teams typically play their home opener on a weekday afternoon) and go out to the ballpark for the first of 162 regular season games. Teams' home openers serve as the only regular season games during the year in which the entire rosters of both teams as well as coaches and clubhouse staff are introduced to the crowd prior to the games; for the rest of the year, ballparks only introduce the starting lineups and the teams' managers. Some teams, among them the New York Mets, have had their broadcasters as the master of pre-game ceremonies for their home openers, which also typically feature appearances by retired players, local celebrities or media personalities, politicians, and other dignitaries.\nPrior to Opening Day, the teams' managers have to decide the starting pitchers for the game, an assignment typically given to the ace of each team's staff. For a pitcher to start on Opening Day is considered an honor, regardless of whether they are on the home or visiting team. Hall of Fame pitcher Early Wynn, who played for the Washington Senators, Cleveland Indians and Chicago White Sox, once said: \"An opener is not like any other game. There's that little extra excitement, a faster beating of the heart. You have that anxiety to get off to a good start, for yourself and for the team. You know that when you win the first one, you can't lose 'em all.\"\nIn 2014, Ozzie Smith, with the support of Anheuser-Busch, began a campaign using the We the People site on WhiteHouse.gov to petition the U.S. government to make Opening Day an official national holiday.\n\n\n== Memorable moments ==\n\nIn 1907, the New York Giants forfeited their game at the Polo Grounds to the Philadelphia Phillies, 9–0, after rowdy fans made and threw snowballs. Without police available to restore order, umpire Bill Klem awarded the game to the Phillies.\nIn 1940, Cleveland Indians pitcher Bob Feller threw a no-hitter to open the season against the Chicago White Sox. It remains the only no-hitter in Opening Day history.\nTwelve U.S. Presidents have thrown the ceremonial first pitch of the season. On April 14, 1910, baseball enthusiast William Howard Taft attended the Washington Senators' home opener at National Park, becoming the first U.S. President to open the season in this manner. Harry S. Truman threw first pitches with both his right and left arm in 1950. On April 4, 1994, Bill Clinton inaugurated the Cleveland Indians' new ballpark, then known as Jacobs Field and now as Progressive Field, with the first pitch. George W. Bush did the honors to inaugurate Nationals Park for the Washington Nationals on March 30, 2008.\nTed Williams was a .449 hitter in openers, with three home runs and fourteen runs batted in during fourteen such games and at least one hit in each game.\nOn April 4, 1974, Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hit his 714th career home run on Opening Day at Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium, tying Babe Ruth on Major League Baseball's all-time list. Aaron finished his career with 755 home runs.\nIn 14 season openers for the Washington Senators, Walter Johnson pitched a record nine shutouts. Two of his more famous starts include a 3–0 victory over the Philadelphia Athletics in 1910 and a 1–0 marathon victory while battling the A's Eddie Rommel for 15 innings.\nOn March 29, 2018, Matt Davidson of the Chicago White Sox hit three home runs in his team's opener against the Kansas City Royals at Kansas City's Kauffman Stadium. He became the fourth major leaguer with three home runs on Opening Day, following the Toronto Blue Jays' George Bell in 1988, Chicago Cubs' Tuffy Rhodes in 1994 and the Detroit Tigers' Dmitri Young in 2005.\nThe St. Louis Cardinals were the first major league team to open their home season with a night game, beating the Pittsburgh Pirates 4–2 at Sportsman's Park on April 18, 1950.\nThe first interleague Opening Day game was played between the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (AL) and the Cincinnati Reds (NL) on April 1, 2013 at Cincinnati's Great American Ball Park. The Angels won the game in 13 innings, 3–1.\nThe longest Opening Day game in major league history was played on April 5, 2012 between the Cleveland Indians and Toronto Blue Jays. The game, played at Cleveland's Progressive Field, ended with the Blue Jays beating the Indians, 7–4, in 16 innings. The previous record for longest Opening Day game was on April 19, 1960, at Cleveland Stadium. That game, lasting 15 innings, also saw the Indians in a losing effort, 4–2, versus the Detroit Tigers. The Philadelphia Athletics and Washington Senators also played a 15-inning season opener on April 13, 1926, with Washington winning, 1–0, at home.\nOn rare occasions, predominantly in the early 20th century, a team would open its home season with a doubleheader. The first of these came when the Boston Americans hosted the Philadelphia Athletics for two games on April 20, 1903, with Boston winning the first game, 9–4, and Philadelphia taking the second game, 10–7. The most recent Opening Day doubleheader in the major leagues came on April 7, 1971, with the Chicago White Sox defeating the host Oakland Athletics in both games (6–5 and 12–4, respectively).\nIn 1968, Greg Washburn, a pitcher in the California Angels organization, pitched two Opening Day games in the same year—first for the San Jose Bees of the California League, and then for the Quad City Angels of the Midwest League. Washburn won both openers 2–0. This is the only record of a pitcher pitching two openers in the same year in professional baseball.\nHall of Famer Tom Seaver holds the record among major league pitchers for the most Opening Day starts, doing the honors 16 times in his career with the New York Mets, Cincinnati Reds, and Chicago White Sox.\nThe record for most consecutive victories on Opening Day by a team in history is ten, shared by the Boston Beaneaters (1887–1896) and the Houston Astros (2013–2022).\n\n\n== Recent Opening Days ==\nMajor League Baseball had most of its teams open the 2011 season on a Thursday (March 31) or Friday (April 1) rather than the traditional Monday, in order to prevent the World Series from extending into November. Similarly, most teams opened the 2012 season on Thursday (April 5) or Friday (April 6). However, subsequent seasons through 2017 returned to Monday openers for most teams. For the 2018 season, all 30 teams were scheduled to open the season on Thursday, March 29 (the earliest domestic start for a regular season in MLB history, and the first time since 1968 that all major league teams were scheduled to start the season on the same day, although two games were subsequently rained out and postponed to Friday, March 30). In 2019, MLB scheduled an even earlier opening day for most teams on Thursday, March 28; this excludes a two-game series on March 20 and 21 between the Seattle Mariners and Oakland Athletics at the Tokyo Dome in Japan. The opening of the 2020 season was originally scheduled for Thursday, March 26, but was rescheduled to Thursday, July 23 and FridayMajor League Baseball had most of its teams open the 2011 season on a Thursday (March 31) or Friday (April 1) rather than the traditional Monday, in order to prevent the World Series from extending into November. Similarly, most teams opened the 2012 season on Thursday (April 5) or Friday (April 6). However, subsequent seasons through 2017 returned to Monday openers for most teams. For the 2018 season, all 30 teams were scheduled to open the season on Thursday, March 29 (the earliest domestic start for a regular season in MLB history, and the first time since 1968 that all major league teams were scheduled to start the season on the same day, although two games were subsequently rained out and postponed to Friday, March 30).Major League Baseball had most of its teams open the 2011 season on a Thursday (March 31) or Friday (April 1) rather than the traditional Monday, in order to prevent the World Series from extending into November. Similarly, most teams opened the 2012 season on Thursday (April 5) or Friday (April 6). However, subsequent seasons through 2017 returned to Monday openers for most teams. For the 2018 season, all 30 teams were scheduled to open the season on Thursday, March 29 (the earliest domestic start for a regular season in MLB history, and the first time since 1968 that all major league teams were scheduled to start the season on the same day, although two games were subsequently rained out and postponed to Friday, March 30). field.\nEquivalents to Opening Day occur throughout the sport, including minor leagues, college baseball, high school, and youth leagues. Because MLB generally begins its season earlier than the other professional baseball leagues, its Opening Day is the one most commonly recognized by the general public. Most minor leagues start a few days later, but within the same",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award",
"paragraph_text": " issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number toMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "New York Yankees",
"paragraph_text": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets, in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants. In 2009, they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees include Mariano Rivera and Derek Jeter, who received the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of Fame members.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "World Series",
"paragraph_text": "2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as few as three in 1884 (Providence defeated New York three games to zero), to a high of fifteen inIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the inaugural game day for the leading team, having the highest number of honors, from the event followed by the MLB MVP award distribution? | [
{
"id": 88342,
"question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award",
"answer": "after the World Series",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 49853,
"question": "what team has the most #1 titles",
"answer": "the New York Yankees",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 128008,
"question": "Which is the league of #2 ?",
"answer": "Major League Baseball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 87812,
"question": "when is opening day of #3",
"answer": "Thursday, March 29",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Thursday, March 29 | []
| true | When is the opening day of the league of the team with the most titles from the event after which they give out the MLB MVP award? |
2hop__622308_61845 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Mido (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": " a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shown interest in the player after showing a phenomenal performance at the 2012 Toulon Tournament in France. Sporting and Benfica, along with Premier League giants Arsenal, had also begun to show interest in signing the player after another good performance at the 2012 Arab Nations Cup, despite Egypt's poor finish in the regional tournament. Ramadan was surprised that these many clubs had so much interest in him and later expressed his desire that he would like to join Arsenal. He played for Egypt at the 2012 Summer Olympics. \nIn the summer 2019, Milo joined Ala'ab Damanhour SC. He later would move on to join ZED FC.\n\n\n== References ==Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shown interest in the player after showing a phenomenal performance at the 2012 Toulon Tournament in France. Sporting and Benfica, along with Premier League giants Arsenal, had also begun to show interest in signing the player after another good performance at the 2012 Arab Nations Cup, despite Egypt's poor finish in the regional tournament. Ramadan was surprised that these many clubs had so much interest in him and later expressed his desire that he would like to join Arsenal. He played for Egypt at the 2012 Summer Olympics. \nIn the summer 2019, Milo joined Ala'ab Damanhour SC. He later would move on to join ZED FC.\n\n\n== References ==Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shown interest in the player after showing a phenomenal performance at the 2012 Toulon Tournament in France. Sporting and Benfica, along with Premier League giants Arsenal, had also begun to show interest in signing the player after another good performance at the 2012 Arab Nations Cup, despite Egypt's poor finish in the regional tournament. Ramadan was surprised that these many clubs had so much interest in him and later expressed his desire that he would like to join Arsenal. He played for Egypt at the 2012 Summer Olympics. \nIn the summer 2019, Milo joined Ala'ab Damanhour SC. He later would move on to join ZED FC.\n\n\n== References ==Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shown interest in the player after showing a phenomenal performance at the 2012 Toulon Tournament in France. Sporting and BenfMido started his career with Zamalek in Egypt in 1999. He left the club for Gent of Belgium in 2000, where he won the Belgian Ebony Shoe. This led to a move to Dutch side Ajax in 2001, from where he joined Celta Vigo on loan in 2003. His next destination was Marseille in France and he left them for Italian side Roma in 2004. He joined English side Tottenham Hotspur on an 18 - month loan in 2005 and eventually joined the club permanently in 2006. He left the club in 2007 to join Middlesbrough, from whom he joined Wigan Athletic, Zamalek, West Ham United and Ajax on loan. In 2011, he rejoined Zamalek, before joining Barnsley in 2012. He also played for Egypt 51 times, scoring 20 goals. Mido retired from football in June 2013.2019, Milo joined Ala'ab Damanhour SC. He later would move on to join ZED FC.\n\n\n== References ==Islam Mohamed Ramadan Rashad (Arabic: إسلام محمد رمضان رشاد) (born 1 November 1990), known as Milo, is an Egyptian footballer. He plays as a left back for Egyptian Premier League side ZED FC.\n\n\n== Career ==\nOn 28 May 2012, it was announced that French Ligue 1 giants Olympique Lyonnais had shown interest in the player after showing a phenomenal performance at the ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Malcolm Graham (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": " season. He was joint top scorer with Dave Dunmore in Orient's single season in the top flight, scoring a hat-trick in the 9–2 thrashing of Chester in the League Cup. HoweverGraham joined Barnsley from non-league Hall Green in 1953, while still working as a miner at Haigh Colliery. He stayed with Barnsley for several seasons, but left when the club was relegated at the end of the 1958–59 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for £8000 on 20 June 1960.MGraham joined Barnsley from non-league Hall Green in 1953, while still working as a miner at Haigh Colliery. He stayed with Barnsley for several seasons, but left when the club was relegated at the end of the 1958–59 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for £8000 on 20 June 1960. at the end of the 1958–59 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for £8000 on 20 June 1960.\nAt Orient, Graham was part of the team that gained promotion to the First Division in 1961–62, scoring both goals in the 2–0 win over Bury that sent them up on the last day of the season. He was joint top scorer with Dave Dunmore in Orient's single season in the top flight, scoring a hat-trick in the 9–2 thrashing of Chester in the League Cup. HoweverGraham joined Barnsley from non-league Hall Green in 1953, while still working as a miner at Haigh Colliery. He stayed with Barnsley for several seasons, but left when the club was relegated at the end of the 1958–59 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for £8000 on 20 June 1960.Malcolm Graham (26 January 1934 – 12 September 2015) was an English footballer who played as a striker, mainly for Barnsley and Leyton Orient.\nGraham joined Barnsley from non-league Hall Green in 1953, while still working as a miner at Haigh Colliery. He stayed with Barnsley for several seasons, but left when the club was relegated at the end of the 1958–59 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for £8000 on 20 June 1960.\nAt Orient, Graham was part of the team that gained promotion to the First Division in 1961–62, scoring both goals in the 2–0 win over Bury that sent them up on the last day of the season. He was joint top scorer with Dave Dunmore in Orient's single season in the top flight, scoring a hat-trick in the 9–2 thrashing of Chester in the League Cup. However, he left Orient at the end of that season to join Queens Park Rangers. Only staying for one season, he returned to Barnsley before moving back into non-league football.\nGraham retired due to a long-standing knee injury while playing for Alfreton Town, and later worked for the East Midlands Gas Board.\nMalcolm Graham died in Barnsley on Saturday 12 September 2015.\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Graham (26 January 1934 – 12 September 2015) was an English footballer who played as a striker, mainly for Barnsley and Leyton Orient.\nGraham joined Barnsley from non-league Hall Green in 1953, while still working as a miner at Haigh Colliery. He stayed with Barnsley for several seasons, but left when the club was relegated at the end of the 1958–59 season. After a brief spell at Bristol City, he moved to Leyton Orient for £8000 on 20 June 1960.\nAt Orient, Graham was part of the team that gained promotion to the First Division in 1961–62, scoring both goals in the 2–0 win over Bury that sent them up on the last day of the season. He was joint top scorer with Dave Dunmore in Orient's",
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}
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| Which individual has been a member of West Ham, Ajax, and the squad from the same city where Malcolm Graham met his end? | [
{
"id": 622308,
"question": "Malcolm Graham >> place of death",
"answer": "Barnsley",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 61845,
"question": "who has played for west ham ajax and #1",
"answer": "Mido",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Mido | []
| true | Who has played for West Ham Ajax and the team from the city where Malcolm Graham died? |
2hop__646493_5385 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Oklahoma City",
"paragraph_text": ", and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\nOklahoma City has one of the world's largest livestock markets. Oil, natural gas, petroleum products, and related industries are its economy's largest sector. The city is in the middle of an active oil field, and oil derricks dot the capitol grounds. The federal government employs a large number of workers at Tinker Air Force Base and the United States Department of Transportation's Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center (which house offices of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Transportation Department's Enterprise Service Center, respectively).\nOklahoma City is on the I-35 and I-40 corridors, one of the primary travel corridors south into neighboring Texas and New Mexico, north towards Wichita and Kansas City, west to Albuquerque, and east towards Little Rock and Memphis. Located in the state's Frontier Country region, the city's northeast section lies in an ecological region known as the Cross Timbers. The city was founded during the Land Run of 1889 and grew to a population of over 10,000 within hours of its founding. It was the site of the April 19, 1995, bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, in which 168 people died, the deadliest terror attack in U.S. history until the attacks of September 11, 2001, and the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in U.S. history.\nSince weather records have been kept beginning in 1890, Oklahoma City has been struck by 14 violent tornadoes, 11 of which were rated F4 or EF4 on the Fujita and Enhanced Fujita scales, and one each rated F5 and EF5.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOklahoma City was settled on April 22, 1889, when the area known as the \"Unassigned Lands\" was opened for settlement in an event known as \"The Land Run\". On April 26 of that year its first mayor was elected, William Couch. Some 10,000 homesteaders settled the area that would become the capital of Oklahoma. The town grew quickly; the population doubled between 1890 and 1900. Early leaders of the development of the city included Anton H. Classen, John Wilford Shartel, Henry Overholser, Oscar Ameringer, Jack C. Walton, Angelo C. Scott, and James W. Maney.\n\nBy the time Oklahoma was admitted to the Union in 1907, Oklahoma City had surpassed Guthrie, the territorial capital, as the new state's population center and commercial hub. Soon after, the capital was moved from Guthrie to Oklahoma City. Oklahoma City was a major stop on Route 66 during the early part of the 20th century; it was prominently mentioned in Bobby Troup's 1946 jazz song \"(Get Your Kicks on) Route 66\" made famous by artist Nat King Cole.\nBefore World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40, and I-44. It was also aided by the federal development of Tinker Air Force Base after successful lobbying efforts by the director of the Chamber of Commerce Stanley Draper.\nIn 1950, the Census Bureau reported the city's population as 8.6% black and 90.7% white.\nIn 1959, the city government launched a \"Great Annexation Drive\" that expanded the city's area from 80 square miles (210 km2) to 475.55 square miles (1,231.7 km2) by the end of 1961, making it the largest U.S. city by land mass at the time.\nPatience Latting was elected Mayor of Oklahoma City in 1971, becoming the city's first female mayor. Latting was also the first woman to serve as mayor of a U.S. city with over 350,000 residents.\n\nLike many other American cities, the center city population declined in the 1970s and 1980s as families followed newly constructed highways to move to newer housing in nearby suburbs. Urban renewal projects in the 1970s, including the Pei Plan, removed older structures but failed to spark much new development, leaving the city dotted with vacant lots used for parking. A notable exception was the city's construction of the Myriad Gardens and Crystal Bridge, a botanical garden and modernistic conservatory in the heart of downtown. Architecturally significant historic buildings lost to clearances were the Criterion Theater, the Baum Building, the Hales Building, and the Biltmore Hotel.\nIn While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800). population, and is the 8th largest city in the Southern United States. The population grew following the 2010 census and reached 681,054 in the 2020 census. The Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,396,445, and the Oklahoma City–Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,469,124, making it Oklahoma's largest municipality and metropolitan area by population.\nOklahoma City's city limits extend somewhat into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban tracts or protected rural zones (watershed). The city is the eighth-largest in the United States by area including consolidated city-counties; it is the second-largest, after Houston, not including consolidated cities. The city is also the second-largest by area among state capital cities in the United States, after Juneau, Alaska. Along with Topeka, Kansas and Cheyenne, Wyoming, Oklahoma City is one of three state capitals with an indigenous name in a state with an indigenous name.\n",
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},
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Taylor Mokate",
"paragraph_text": " Mokate scored his first international try in a victory against Georgia. In July 2012 Mokate signed a contract to play professionally for the USA Sevens, but that contract was not renewed for 2013.\n\n\n== References ==Taylor Mokate is an American professional rugby player who was formerly contracted to play for the USA Sevens during 2012.\nOriginally recruited as a tight end to play at the University of Oklahoma, Mokate ended playing on the rugby team. Mokate signed to play for Old Boys University an amateur club based in New Zealand to compete for The Jubilee Cup during the 2012 season.\nOn June 9, 2012 Mokate earned his first cap for the USA in a 25-28 loss to Canada. Mokate scored his first international try in aOriginally recruited as a tight end to play at the University of Oklahoma, Mokate ended playing on the rugby team. Mokate signed to play for Old Boys University an amateur club based in New Zealand to compete for The Jubilee Cup during the 2012 season.TOriginally recruited as a tight end to play at the University of Oklahoma, Mokate ended playing on the rugby team. Mokate signed to play for Old Boys University an amateur club based in New Zealand to compete for The Jubilee Cup during the 2012 season. play for Old Boys University an amateur club based in New Zealand to compete for The Jubilee Cup during the 2012 season.\nOn June 9, 2012 Mokate earned his first cap for the USA in a 25-28 loss to Canada. Mokate scored his first international try in a victory against Georgia. In July 2012 Mokate signed a contract to play professionally for the USA Sevens, but that contract was not renewed for 2013.\n\n\n== References ==Taylor Mokate is an American professional rugby player who was formerly contracted to play for the USA Sevens during 2012.\nOriginally recruited as a tight end to play at the University of Oklahoma, Mokate ended playing on the rugby team. Mokate signed to play for Old Boys University an amateur club based in New Zealand",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the number of employees at the educational institution where Taylor Mokate studied? | [
{
"id": 646493,
"question": "Taylor Mokate >> educated at",
"answer": "University of Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 5385,
"question": "How many people work in #1 ?",
"answer": "11,900",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| 11,900 | []
| true | How many people work in the school where Taylor Mokate was educated? |
3hop2__569322_223623_162182 | [
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "John Phan",
"paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist ofBon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_text": "South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "S-Fone",
"paragraph_text": "S-Fone is a mobile communication operator in Vietnam that uses the CDMA technology. Founded on 1 July 2003 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, S-fone became the third network of Vietnam, breaking the duopoly of the two VNPT operators. It is the trademark of S-Telecom (CDMA Mobile Phone Centre) (set up as a joint venture between Saigon Postel Corp. (SPT) and Korea SK Telecom). SK Telecom decided to leave the partnership in 2010. SPT has since then found it difficult to find a new partner, after a co-operation with Saigon Tel failed.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where in the nation of S-Fone can John Phan's birthplace be found geographically? | [
{
"id": 569322,
"question": "S-Fone >> country",
"answer": "Vietnam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 223623,
"question": "John Phan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Da Nang",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 162182,
"question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?",
"answer": "South Central Coast",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
]
| South Central Coast | []
| true | In what region of the country of S-Fone is The place of birth of John Phan located? |
3hop2__90098_91678_10557 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Sylvester",
"paragraph_text": "Sylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period. period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilSylvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning ``wooded ''or`` wild'', which derives from the noun silva meaning ``woodland ''. Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y came to be pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv - in place of Silv - date from after the Classical period.Sylvester or Silvester is a name derived from the Latin adjective silvestris meaning \"wooded\" or \"wild\", which derives from the noun silva meaning \"woodland\". Classical Latin spells this with i. In Classical Latin, y represented a separate sound distinct from i, not a native Latin sound but one used in transcriptions of foreign words. After the Classical period y was pronounced as i. Spellings with Sylv- in place of Silv- date from after the Classical period. \n\n\n== Given name ==\nSylvester of Marsico (c. 1100–1162), Count of Marsico in the Kingdom of Sicily\nSilvester Ashioya (born 1948), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Bolam (1905–1953), British newspaper editor\nSilvester Brito (1937–2018), American poet and academic\nSylvester Croom (born 1954), American football coach and former player\nSilvester Diggles (1817–1880), Australian musician and ornithologist\nSilvester Fernandes (born 1936), Kenyan hockey player\nSilvester Gardiner (1708–1786), American physician etc.\nSilvester Goraseb (born 1974), Namibian footballer\nSylvester Graham (1794–1851), Presbyterian minister, father of graham crackers\nSilvester",
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},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Holy Roman Emperor",
"paragraph_text": "The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum, German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum, German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit.��'Roman-German emperor'), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of king of Italy (Rex Italiae) from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of king of Germany (Rex Teutonicorum, lit. \"King of the Teutons\") throughout the 12th to 18th centuries.\nThe Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among medieval Catholic monarchs, because the empire was considered by the Catholic Church to be the only successor of the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. Thus, in theory and diplomacy, the emperors were considered primus inter pares, regarded as first among equals among other Catholic monarchs across Europe.\nFrom an autocracy in Carolingian times (AD 800–924), the title by the 13th century evolved into an elective monarchy, with the emperor chosen by the prince-electors.\nVarious royal houses of Europe, at different times, became de facto hereditary holders of the title, notably the Ottonians (962–1024) and the Salians (1027–1125). Following the late medieval crisis of government, the Habsburgs kept possession of the title with only one interruption from 1740 to 1745. The final emperors were from the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, from 1765 to 1806. The Holy Roman Empire was dissolved by Francis II, after a devastating defeat by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz.\nThe emperor was widely perceived to rule by divine right, though he often contradicted or rivaled the pope, most notably during the Investiture controversy. The Holy Roman Empire never had an empress regnant, though women such as Theophanu and Maria Theresa exerted strong influence. Throughout its history, the position was viewed as a defender of the Catholic faith. Until Maximilian I in 1508, the EmperorEmperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman EmperorEmperor of the Holy Roman Empire Romanorum Imperator Imperial Double - headed Reichsadler used by the Habsburg emperors of the early modern period Last in Office Francis II 5 July 1792 -- 6 August 1806 Details Style His Imperial Majesty First monarch Charlemagne Last monarch Francis II Formation 25 December 800 Abolition 6 August 1806 Appointer see Coronation of the Holy Roman EmperorThe Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum, German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Latin: Imperator Germanorum, German: Römisch-deutscher Kaiser, lit.��'Roman-German emperor'), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire. The title was held in conjunction with the title of king of Italy (Rex Italiae) from the 8th to the 16th century, and, almost without interruption, with the title of king of Germany (Rex Teutonicorum, lit. \"King of the Teutons\") throughout the 12th to 18th centuries.\nThe Holy Roman Emperor title provided the highest prestige among medieval",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period,Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by",
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]
| From which language did the surname Sylvester originate, in the time period of the individual who would later be known as the first Holy Roman Emperor? | [
{
"id": 90098,
"question": "where does the last name sylvester come from",
"answer": "from the Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 91678,
"question": "who was crowned the first holy roman emperor",
"answer": "Charlemagne",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 10557,
"question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?",
"answer": "Medieval Latin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| Medieval Latin | []
| true | What was the language from which the last name Sylvester originated during the era of the person crowned first Holy Roman Emperor later known as? |
2hop__341176_711757 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Gmina Ryki",
"paragraph_text": "9,716, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,788).\n\n\n== Villages ==\nApart from the town of Ryki, Gmina Ryki contains the villages and settlements of Bobrowniki, Brusów, Budki-Rososz, Chrustne, Chudów, Edwardów, Falentyn, Janisze, Karczmiska, Kazimierzyn, Kleszczówka, Krasnogliny, Kruków, Lasocin, Lasoń, Moszczanka, Niwa Babicka, Nowa Dąbia, Nowiny, Nowy Bazanów, Nowy Dęblin, Ogonów, Oszczywilk, Ownia, Podwierzbie, Potok, Rososz, Sędowice, Sierskowola, Stara Dąbia, Stary Bazanów, Swaty, Zalesie and Zalesie-Kolonia.\n\n\n== Neighbouring gminas ==\nGmina Ryki is bordered by the town of Dęblin and by the gminas of Kłoczew, Nowodwór, Puławy, Stężyca, Trojanów, Ułęż and ��yrzyn.\n\n\n== References ==\nPolish official population figures 2006Gmina Ryki is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ryki, which lies approximately 62 kilometres (39 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.\nThe gmina covers an area of 161.8 square kilometres (62.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,504 (out of which the population of Ryki amounts to 9,716, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,788).\n\n\n== Villages ==\nApart from the town of Ryki, Gmina Ryki contains the villages and settlements of Bobrowniki, Brusów, Budki-Rososz, Chrustne, Chudów, Edwardów, Falentyn, Janisze, Karczmiska, Kazimierzyn, Kleszczówka, Krasnogliny, Kruków, Lasocin, Lasoń, Moszczanka, Niwa Babicka, Nowa Dąbia, Nowiny, Nowy Bazanów, Nowy Dęblin, Ogonów, Oszczywilk, Ownia, Podwierzbie, Potok, Rososz, Sędowice, Sierskowola, Stara Dąbia, Stary Bazanów, Swaty, Zalesie and Zalesie-Kolonia.\n\n\n== Neighbouring gminas ==\nGmina Ryki is bordered by the town of Dęblin and by the gminas of Kłoczew, Nowodwór, Puławy, Stężyca, Trojanów, Ułęż and ��yrzyn.\n\n\n== References ==\nPolish official population figures 2006Gmina RyGmina Ryki is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ryki, which lies approximately north-west of the regional capital Lublin.GGmina Ryki is an urban-rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the town of Ryki, which lies approximately north-west of the regional capital Lublin. of the regional capital Lublin.\nThe gmina covers an area of 161.8 square kilometres (62.5 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 20,504 (out of which the population of Ryki amounts to 9,716, and the population of the rural part of the gmina is 10,788).\n\n\n== Villages ==\nApart from the town of Ryki, Gmina Ryki contains the villages and settlements of Bobrowniki, Brusów, Budki-Rososz, Chrustne, Chudów, Edwardów, Falentyn, Janisze, Karczmiska, Kazimierzyn",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Gmina Stężyca, Lublin Voivodeship",
"paragraph_text": " the villages of Brzeźce, Brzeziny, Długowola, Drachalica, Kletnia, Krukówka, Nadwiślanka, Nowa Rokitnia, Paprotnia, Pawłowice, Piotrowice, Prażmów, Stara Rokitnia, Stężyca and ZielonkaGmina Stężyca is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Stężyca, which lies approximately west of Ryki and north-west of the regional capital Lublin.GGmina Stężyca is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Stężyca, which lies approximately west of Ryki and north-west of the regional capital Lublin. km (50 mi) north-west of the regional capital Lublin.\nThe gmina covers an area of 116.78 square kilometres (45.1 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 5,473.\n\n\n== Villages ==\nGmina Stężyca contains the villages of Brzeźce, Brzeziny, Długowola, Drachalica, Kletnia, Krukówka, Nadwiślanka, Nowa Rokitnia, Paprotnia, Pawłowice, Piotrowice, Prażmów, Stara Rokitnia, St",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which other district is located within the same county as Gmina Stężyca? | [
{
"id": 341176,
"question": "Gmina Stężyca, Lublin Voivodeship >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Ryki County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 711757,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Gmina Ryki",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Gmina Ryki | [
"Ryki"
]
| true | What other district is found in the same county as Gmina Stężyca? |
3hop1__459153_544076_84283 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Warner Records",
"paragraph_text": " so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included MWarner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Out of My Hands (Keisha White album)",
"paragraph_text": "Out Of My Hands is the second album by British R&B singer Keisha White released on 3 July 2006 by Warner Bros. Records. The album is made up of song from Keisha's debut album \"Seventeen\", including the leading single, \"The Weakness in Me\" and six brand new songs including \"Don't Mistake Me\" and \"I Choose Life\". The album peaked at #55 in the UK Albums Chart.Out Of My Hands is the second album by British R&B singer Keisha White released on 3 July 2006 by Warner Bros. Records. The album is made up of song from Keisha's debut album \"Seventeen\", including the leading single, \"The Weakness in Me\" and six brand new songs including \"Don't Mistake Me\" and \"I Choose Life\". The album peaked at #55 in the UK Albums Chart.Out Of My Hands is the second album by British R&B singer Keisha White released on 3 July 2006 by Warner Bros. Records. The album is made up of song from Keisha's debut album Seventeen, including the leading single, \"The Weakness in Me\" and six brand new songs including \"Don't Mistake Me\" and \"I Choose Life\". The album peaked at #55 in the UK Albums Chart.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nMusic OMH gave the album 4 star (out of a possible 5) noting that \"Where Keisha will really win over her listeners is in the sultry down tempo tracks.\" Going on to say, \"Fortunately the quality of songwriting is mostly good, with not much filler around.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Out Of My Hands is the second album by British R&B singer Keisha White released on 3 July 2006 by Warner Bros. Records. The album is made up of song from Keisha's debut album Seventeen, including the leading single, \"The Weakness in Me\" and six brand new songs including \"Don't Mistake Me\" and \"I Choose Life\". The album peaked at #55 in the UK Albums Chart.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\n\nMusic OMH gave the album 4 star (out of a possible 5) noting that \"Where Keisha will really win over her listeners is in the sultry down tempo tracks.\" Going on to say, \"Fortunately the quality of songwriting is mostly good, with not much filler around.\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Out Of My Hands is the second album by British R&B singer Keisha White released on 3 July 2006 by Warner Bros. Records. The album is made up of song from Keisha's debut album Seventeen, including the leading single, \"The Weakness in Me\" and six brand new songs including \"Don't Mistake Me\" and \"I",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Seventeen (Keisha White album)",
"paragraph_text": " appeared on her 2nd album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen isSeventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.SSeventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"Don't Fool A Woman In Love\", and her critically acclaimed cover of Joan Armatrading's \"The Weakness In Me\", which is Keisha's biggest hit single to date, peaking inside the UK top 20. Eight songs were produced and co-written by Lucas Secon including both singles. All the key tracks appeared on her 2nd album.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== References ==Seventeen is the debut album by British R&B singer Keisha White. The album features three singles: \"Don't Care Who Knows\" featuring the rapper, Cassidy, \"",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who holds ownership over the record company to which a performer from Seventeen is signed? | [
{
"id": 459153,
"question": "Seventeen >> performer",
"answer": "Keisha White",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 544076,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 84283,
"question": "who is the owner of #2",
"answer": "Warner Music Group",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Warner Music Group | [
"Warner Music"
]
| true | Who is the owner of the record label that Seventeen's performer belongs to? |
2hop__122140_37168 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Egypt",
"paragraph_text": " University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.Egypt (Arabic: مصر Mi���r [mes��r], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s��r]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa.\nEgypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century, and of the Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, before its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867.\nThe country was then occupied by the British Empire and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution, Egypt declared itself a republic. For a brief period between 1958 and 1961 Egypt merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic. Egypt fought several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948, 1956, 1967 and 1973, and occupied the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signedCairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.aba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. AtCairo University is ranked as 401-500 according to the Academic Ranking of World Universities (Shanghai Ranking) and 551-600 according to QS World University Rankings. American University in Cairo is ranked as 360 according to QS World University Rankings and Al-Azhar University, Alexandria University and Ain Shams University fall in the 701+ range. Egypt is currently opening new research institutes for the aim of modernising research in the nation, the most recent example of which is Zewail City of Science and Technology.Egypt (Arabic: مصر Mi���r [mes��r], Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [m��s��r]), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt, while Alexandria, the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast. At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world, and the third-most populated in Africa.\nEgypt has one of the longest histories of any country,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Hala El Badry",
"paragraph_text": " Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pagesHala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.HHala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.Muntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pagesHala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in the Nile Delta. Imra'atun ma (A Certain Woman), Hala El Badry's fourth book, was named best novel of 2001 at the Cairo International Book Fair.\n\n\n== Works ==\nMuntaha. 1995\nMuntaha. Translated by Nancy Roberts. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2006. ISBN 978-977-416-005-9 Selected pages\nImra'atun ma. 2001\nA Certain Woman. Translated by Farouk Abdel Wahab. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2003. ISBN 978-977-416-028-8; London: Arabia Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-906697-07-5 Selected pages\n\n\n== Notes ==Hala El Badry (born 1954 in Cairo), a graduate of Cairo University, is an Egyptian journalist and novelist. She is deputy editor of an Egyptian radio and television magazine.\nMuntaha, a novel published in 1995, is set in the fictional village of Muntaha in",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| According to the QS World University Rankings, what is the position of the university where Hala El Badry studied? | [
{
"id": 122140,
"question": "What is the name of university that educated Hala El Badry?",
"answer": "Cairo University",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 37168,
"question": "According to QS World University Rankings where does #1 rank?",
"answer": "551-600",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
]
| 551-600 | []
| true | Where does Hala El Badry's university rank according to QS World University Rankings? |
2hop__713299_55227 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Grown Ups (film)",
"paragraph_text": " 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuousIn 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten),",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Here Comes the Boom",
"paragraph_text": " also was nominated for a People's Choice Award in 2017 for his role on the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2016–2018). James also had several dramatic roles, including The Dilemma (2011) Little Boy (2015) and Becky (2020).\n\n\n== Early life ==\nKevin George Knipfing was born in Mineola, New York, on April 26, 1965, to American office worker Janet Klein and German-American insurance agency owner Joseph Valentine Knipfing Jr. He grew up in Stony Brook, New York. He has a sister named Leslie and an older brother named Gary, who also became a comedian and actor (adopting the stage name Gary Valentine). The siblings were raised Catholic. James graduated from Ward Melville High School, where he reached the top position on the wrestling team, one spot above his friend and future professional wrestler Mick Foley. Both wrestled in the Heavyweight weight class. When James suffered a season-ending back injury, Foley took over the first string position. Both men went on to study at the State University of New York at Cortland, where James played halfback on the varsity football team until another back injury permanently ended his sporting ambitions.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Stand-up ===\n\nJames began doing stand-up comedy in 1989, making his debut at Richie Minervini's East Side Comedy Club on Long Island. He also started performing comedy with a troupe at the club, during which time he adopted \"James\" as his stage surname in honor of his favorite school teacher. He gained popularity through numerous appearances on various talk shows, including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Dennis Miller Live, The Late Late Show, The Rosie O'Donnell Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and Live with Regis and Kathie Lee. James was listed at No. 76 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 Greatest Stand-Up Comedians. James has also done his stand-up routine on Just for Laughs, an annual comedy festival in Montreal, Quebec. Later he was on commercials for Mazzio's Italian Eatery. In 2001, James did his own stand-up special called Kevin James: Sweat the Small Stuff. He has also appeared as a musical guest on Just for Laughs. In 2018, James released another stand-up special on Netflix called Kevin James: Never Don't Give Up. In 2024, James released his third special on Amazon Prime Video called Kevin James: Irregardless.\n\n\n=== Television ===\nJames' first television job was in 1991 on The New Candid Camera, where he used his comedy timing and improvisation skills playing the actor that pulled practical jokes on unsuspecting people. He appeared in A&E's An Evening at the Improv in 1994. James appeared on television as the announcer for the MTV sports game show SandBlast from 1994 to 1996.\nJames later moved to Los Angeles and befriended Ray Romano, and he guest-starred on a few episodes of Romano's hit CBS sitcom, Everybody Loves Raymond. These appearances led to the development of his own sitcom, The King of Queens, which ran on the same network from September 21, 1998, to May 14, 2007, James played working class parcel delivery man Doug Heffernan who works for a company known asHere Comes the Boom is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by and starring Kevin James. It was also written by Allan Loeb and Rock Reuben with music by Rupert Gregson-Williams. The film co-stars Henry Winkler and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Happy Madison Productions. The film was released in the United States on October 12, 2012 by Columbia Pictures. The film's title is taken from the song \"Boom\" by Christian nu metal band P.O.D. appearance in 50 First Dates, and the following year co-starred in Hitch with Will Smith. He went on to star in I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007), Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009), Grown Ups (2010), Zookeeper (2011), Here Comes the Boom (2012), and Pixels (2015). He has also done voice work for Monster House, Barnyard (both 2006), and the first three films of the Hotel Transylvania franchise (2012–2018). He also was nominated for a People's Choice Award in 2017 for his role on the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2016–2018). James also had several dramatic roles, including The Dilemma (2011) Little Boy (2015) and Becky (2020).\n\n\n== Early life ==\nKevin George Knipfing was born in Mineola, New York, on April 26, 1965, to American office worker Janet Klein and German-American insurance agency owner Joseph Valentine Knipfing Jr. He grew up in Stony Brook, New York. He has a sister named Leslie and an older brother named Gary, who also became a comedian and actor (adopting the stage name Gary Valentine). The siblings were raised Catholic. James graduated from Ward Melville High School, where he reached the top position on the wrestling team, one spot above his friend and future professional wrestler Mick Foley. Both wrestled in the Heavyweight weight class. When James suffered a season-ending back injury, Foley took over the first string position. Both men went on to study at the State University of New York at Cortland, where James played halfback on the varsity football team until another back injury permanently ended his sporting ambitions.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Stand-up ===\n\nJames began doing stand-up comedy in 1989, making his debut at Richie Minervini's East Side Comedy Club on Long Island. He also started performing comedy with a troupe at the club, during which time he adopted \"James\" as his stage surname in honor of his favorite school teacher. He gained popularity through numerous appearances on various talk shows, including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Dennis Miller Live, The Late Late Show, The Rosie O'Donnell Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and Live with Regis and Kathie Lee. James was listed at No. 76 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 Greatest Stand-Up Comedians. James has also done his stand-up routine on Just for Laughs, an annual comedy festival in Montreal, Quebec. Later he was on commercials for Mazzio's Italian Eatery. In 2001, James did his own stand-up special called Kevin James: Sweat the Small Stuff. He",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In the film Grown Ups, who portrays the spouse of an actor from Here Comes the Boom? | [
{
"id": 713299,
"question": "Here Comes the Boom >> cast member",
"answer": "Kevin James",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 55227,
"question": "who plays #1 wife in the movie grown ups",
"answer": "Maria Bello",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
]
| Maria Bello | []
| true | Who plays the wife of a Here Comes the Boom cast member in the movie Grown Ups? |
3hop1__507961_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": " thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there wasAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"riverThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Banna (Battagram)",
"paragraph_text": "Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of twenty union councils in Battagram District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.\n\n\n== References ==Banna is a town, and one of",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| What does the term, which is simultaneously a prevalent religion in India, signify in the Arabic language, tracing back to the period when the country housing Banna was established? | [
{
"id": 507961,
"question": "Banna >> country",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
]
| true | What is the meaning of the word that is also a majority religion in India when the country where Banna is located was created in the Arabic dictionary? |
2hop__703493_162341 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Jack Goes Boating (film)",
"paragraph_text": " The Public Theater, although Amy Ryan replaced Beth Cole. The film was produced by Overture Films and Relativity Media. It premiered at the 26th Sundance Film Festival and was later released in the United States on September 17, 2010.Jack Goes Boating is a 2010 American romantic comedy film directed by Philip Seymour Hoffman (in his only career directorial effort) and stars Hoffman in the title role, as well as Amy Ryan, John Ortiz and Daphne Rubin-Vega. The film's script was written by Robert Glaudini, based on his 2007 play \"Jack Goes Boating\". The film's cast was mostly the same as the cast of the play's premiere at The Public Theater, although Amy Ryan replaced Beth Cole. The film was produced by Overture Films and Relativity Media. It premiered at the 26th Sundance Film Festival and was later released in the United States on September 17, 2010.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Charlie Wilson's War (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.The film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman starred, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It was nominated for five Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, but did not win in any category. Hoffman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.Charlie Wilson's War is a 2007 American biographical comedy-drama film based on the story of U.S. Congressman Charlie Wilson and CIA operative Gust Avrakotos, whose efforts led to Operation Cyclone, a program to organize and support the Afghan mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War (1979–1989).\nThe film was directed by Mike Nichols (his final film) and written by Aaron Sorkin, who adapted George Crile III's 2003 book Charlie Wilson's War: The Extraordinary Story of the Largest Covert Operation in History. It stars Tom Hanks, Julia Roberts, and Philip Seymour Hoffman, with Amy Adams and Ned Beatty in supporting roles. It earned five nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy, and Hoffman earned a Best Supporting Actor nomination at the 80th Academy Awards.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1980, Congressman Charlie Wilson, an East Texas Democrat, is more interested in partying than legislating, frequently throwing huge galas and staffing his congressional office with attractive young women. His social life eventually brings about a federal investigation into allegations of his cocaine use, conducted by federal prosecutor Rudy Giuliani as part of a larger investigation into congressional misconduct. The investigation results in no charge against Wilson.\nA friend and romantic interest, Joanne Herring, Houston socialite, political activist, diplomat, and television talk show host, encourages Charlie to do more to help the Afghan people, and persuades him to visit the Pakistani leadership. The Pakistanis complain about the inadequate support of the U.S. to oppose the Soviet Union, and they insist that Wilson visit a major Pakistan-based Afghan refugee camp. The Congressman is deeply moved by their misery and determination to fight, but is frustrated by the regional CIA personnel's insistence on a low key approach against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. Wilson returns home to lead an effort to substantially increase funding to the mujahideen.\nAs part of this effort, Charlie befriends maverick CIA operative Gust Avrakotos and his understaffed Afghanistan group to find a better strategy, especially including a means to counter the Soviets' formidable Mil Mi-24 Hind helicopter gunship. This group was composed in part of members of the CIA's Special Activities Division, including a young paramilitary officer named Michael Vickers. As a result, Charlie's deft political bargaining for the necessary funding and Avrakotos' careful planning using those resources, such as supplying the guerrillas with FIM-92 Stinger missile launchers, turns the Soviet occupation into a deadly quagmire with their heavy fighting vehicles being destroyed at a crippling rate. Charlie enlists the support of Israel and Egypt for Soviet weapons and consumables, and Pakistan for distribution of arms. The CIA's anti-communism budget evolves from $5 million to over $500 million (with the same amount matched by Saudi Arabia), startling several congressmen. This effort by Charlie ultimately evolves into a major portion of the U.S. foreign policy known as the Reagan Doctrine, under which the U.S. expanded assistance beyond just the mujahideen and began also supporting other anti-communist resistance movements around the world. Charlie states that senior Pentagon official Michael Pillsbury persuaded President Ronald Reagan to provide the Stingers to the Afghans.\nGust vehemently advises Charlie to seek support for post-Soviet occupation Afghanistan, referencing the \"zen master's\" story of the lost horse. He also emphasizes that rehabilitating schools in the country will help educate young children before they are influenced by the \"crazies\". Charlie attempts to appeal this with the government but finds no enthusiasm for even the modest measures he proposes. In the end, Charlie receives a major commendation for his support of the U.S. clandestine services, but his pride is tempered by his fears of the blowback his secret efforts could yield in the future and the implications of U.S. disengagement from Afghanistan.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n== Release and reception ==\n\n\n=== Box office ===\nThe film was originally set for release on December 25, 2007; but on November 30, the timetable was moved up to December 21. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $9.6 million in 2,575 theaters in the United States and Canada, ranking No. 4 at the box office. It grossed a total of $119 million worldwide—$66.7 million in the United States and Canada and $52.3 million in other territories.\n\n\n=== Critical reaction ===\nOn review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 82% based on 205 reviews, with an average rating of 7.00/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"Charlie Wilson's War manages to entertain and inform audiences, thanks to its witty script and talented cast of power players.\" Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 67 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A−\" on an A+ to F scale.\n\n\n=== Governmental criticism and praise ===\nSome Reagan Era officials, including former Under Secretary of Defense Fred Ikle, have criticized some elements of the film. The Washington Times reported claims that the film wrongly promotes the notion that the CIA-led operation funded Osama bin Laden and ultimately produced the September 11 attacks; however, other Reagan-era officials have been more supportive of the film. Michael Johns, the former foreign policy analyst at The Heritage Foundation and White House speechwriter to President George H. W. Bush, praised the film as \"the first mass-appeal effort to reflect the most important lesson of America's Cold War victory: that the Reagan-led effort to support freedom fighters resisting Soviet oppression led successfully to the first major military defeat of the Soviet Union... Sending the Red Army packing from Afghanistan proved one of the single most important contributing factors in one of history's most profoundly positive and important developments.\"\n\n\n=== Russian reception ===\nIn February 2008, it was revealed that the film would not release in Russian theaters. The rights for the film were bought by Universal Pictures International (UPI) Russia. It was speculated that the film would not appear because of a certain point of view that depicted the Soviet Union unfavorably. UPI Russia head Yevgeny Beginin denied that, saying, \"We simply decided that the film would not make a profit.\" Reaction from Russian bloggers was also negative. One wrote: \"The whole film shows Russians, or rather Soviets, as brutal killers.\"\n\n\n== Historical accuracy ==\n\n\n=== Mujahideen support ===\nWhile the film depicts Wilson as an immediate advocate for supplying the mujahideen with Stinger missiles, a former Reagan administration official recalls that he and Wilson, while advocates for the mujahideen, were actually initially \"lukewarm\" on the idea of supplying these missiles. Their opinion changed when they discovered that rebels were successful in downing Soviet gunships with them. As such, they were actually not supplied until 1987, during the second Reagan term, and their provision was advocated mostly by Reagan defense officials and influential conservatives.\n\n\n=== Happy ending ===\nAccording to Melissa Roddy, a Los Angeles film maker with inside information from the production, the film's happy ending where Wilson receives an award came about because Tom Hanks did not feel comfortable with an original draft which ended on a scene featuring the September 11 attacks. Citing the original screenplay, which was very different from the final product, in Reel Power: Hollywood Cinema and American Supremacy Matthew Alford wrote that the film gave up \"the chance to produce what at least had the potential to be the Dr. Strangelove of our generation\".\n\n\n",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What acknowledgment was awarded to the director of Jack Goes Boating? | [
{
"id": 703493,
"question": "Jack Goes Boating >> director",
"answer": "Philip Seymour Hoffman",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 162341,
"question": "#1 received what recognition?",
"answer": "nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor | [
"Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor"
]
| true | What recognition did the Jack Goes Boating director receive? |
2hop__34594_160249 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Roman Republic",
"paragraph_text": " the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate.\nUnlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of quasi-perpetual war. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours, as well as the Gauls, who sacked Rome in 387 BC. After the Gallic sack, Rome conquered the whole Italian Peninsula in a century and thus became a major power in the Mediterranean. Its greatest strategic rival was Carthage, against which it waged three wars. Rome defeated Carthage at the Battle of Zama in 202 BC, becoming the dominant power of the ancient Mediterranean world. It then embarked on a long series of difficult conquests, defeating Philip V and Perseus of Macedon, Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire, the Lusitanian Viriathus, the Numidian Jugurtha, the Pontic king Mithridates VI, Vercingetorix of the Arverni tribe of Gaul, and the Egyptian queen Cleopatra. \nAt home, during theDespite early victories, Pyrrhus found his position in Italy untenable. Rome steadfastly refused to negotiate with Pyrrhus as long as his army remained in Italy. Facing unacceptably heavy losses from each encounter with the Roman army, Pyrrhus withdrew from the peninsula (hence the term \"Pyrrhic victory\"). In 275 BC, Pyrrhus again met the Roman army at the Battle of Beneventum. While Beneventum was indecisive, Pyrrhus realised his army had been exhausted and reduced by years of foreign campaigns. Seeing little hope for further gains, he withdrew completely from Italy. entire Mediterranean world.\nRoman society at the time was primarily a cultural mix of Latin and Etruscan societies, as well as of Sabine, Oscan, and Greek cultural elements, which is especially visible in the Ancient Roman religion and its Pantheon. Its political organization developed at around the same time as direct democracy in Ancient Greece, with collective and annual magistracies, overseen by a senate. There were annual elections, but the republican system was an elective oligarchy, not a democracy; a small number of powerful families largely monopolised the magistracies. Roman institutions underwent considerable changes throughout the Republic to adapt to the difficulties it faced, such as the creation of promagistracies to rule its conquered provinces, or the composition of the senate.\nUnlike the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, throughout the republican era Rome was in a state of quasi-perpetual war. Its first enemies were its Latin and Etruscan neighbours, as well as the Gauls, who sacked Rome in 387 BC. After the Gal",
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},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Hieronymus of Cardia",
"paragraph_text": " made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.\nHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.\nHe made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very goodHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.HHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus. BC).\nAfter the death of Alexander III, he followed the fortunes of his friend and fellow-countryman Eumenes. He was wounded and taken prisoner by Antigonus, who pardoned him and appointed him superintendent of the asphalt beds in the Dead Sea. He was treated with equal friendliness by Antigonus's son Demetrius, who made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.\nHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.\nHe made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very goodHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.Hieronymus of Cardia (Greek: ���ερ��νυμος ��� ��αρδιανός, c. 354 – c. 250 BC) was a Greek general and historian from Cardia in Thrace, and a contemporary of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC).\nAfter the death of Alexander III, he followed the fortunes of his friend and fellow-countryman Eumenes. He was wounded and taken prisoner by Antigonus, who pardoned him and appointed him superintendent of the asphalt beds in the Dead Sea. He was treated with equal friendliness by Antigonus's son Demetrius, who made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.\nHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.\nHe made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very good. In the last part of his work he made a praiseworthy attempt to acquaint the Greeks with the character and early history of the Romans. He is reproached by Pausanias (i. 9. 8) with unfairness towards all rulers with the exception of Antigonus Gonatas.\nLike the even more famous lost history of Alexander by Ptolemy I of Egypt, no significant amount of his work survived the end of the ancient world. He is among the authors whose fragments were collected in Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (II pp. 450–61), and in Felix Jacoby's Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (= FGrHist 154).\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Hieronymus of Cardia\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 454. This work in turn cites:\nLucian, Macrobii, 22\nPlutarch, Demetrius, 39\nDiod. Sic. xviii. 42. 44. 50, xix. 100\nDion. Halic. Antiq. Rom. i. 6\nF. Brückner, \"De vita et scriptis Hieronymi Cardii\" in Zeitschrift für die Alterthumswissenschaft (1842)\nF. Reuss, Hieronymos von Kardia (Berlin, 1876)\nCharles Wachsmuth, Einleitung in das Studium der alten Geschichte (1895)\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nJ. Hornblower, Hieronymus of Cardia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981).\nJoseph Roisman, \"Hieronymus of Cardia: Causation and Bias from Alexander to his Successors,\" in Elizabeth Carney and Daniel Ogden (eds), Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son, Lives and Afterlives (Oxford University Press, 2010: ISBN 0-19-973815-7).Hieronymus of Cardia (Greek: ���ερ��νυμος ��� ��αρδιανός, c. 354 – c. 250 BC) was a Greek general and historian from Cardia in Thrace, and a contemporary of Alexander the Great (356–323 BC).\nAfter the death of Alexander III, he followed the fortunes of his friend and fellow-countryman Eumenes. He was wounded and taken prisoner by Antigonus, who pardoned him and appointed him superintendent of the asphalt beds in the Dead Sea. He was treated with equal friendliness by Antigonus's son Demetrius, who made him polemarch of Thespiae, and by Antigonus Gonatas, at whose court he died at the purported age of 104.\nHe wrote a history of the Diadochi and their descendants, encompassing the period from the death of Alexander to the war with Pyrrhus (323–272 BC), which is one of the chief authorities used by Diodorus Siculus (xviii.–xx.) and also by Plutarch in his life of Pyrrhus.\nHe made use of official papers and was careful in his investigation of facts. The simplicity of his style seemingly rendered his work unpopular to people of his time, but modern historians believe it was very good. In the last part of his work he made a praiseworthy attempt to acquaint the Greeks with the character and early history of the Romans. He is reproached by Pausanias (i. 9. 8) with unfairness towards all rulers with the exception of Antigonus Gonatas.\nLike the even more famous lost history of Alexander by Ptolemy I of Egypt, no significant amount of his work survived the end of the ancient world. He is among the authors whose fragments were collected in Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Müller's Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (II pp. 450–61), and in Felix Jacoby's Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker (= FGrHist 154).\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nThis article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). \"Hieronymus of Cardia\". Encyclopædia Britann",
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| During which period did the conflict occur with the individual who experienced substantial casualties fighting against the Roman forces? | [
{
"id": 34594,
"question": "Who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army?",
"answer": "Pyrrhus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 160249,
"question": "In which years did the war with #1 occur?",
"answer": "323–272 BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| 323–272 BC | []
| true | Between which years was the war with the person who suffered a great amount of losses battling the Roman army? |
2hop__2683_577502 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Kanye West",
"paragraph_text": " Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be includedCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.Vultures 1 is the debut studio album by the American hip hop supergroup ¥$, composed of the rapper Kanye West and the singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be included due to clearance issues. West and Ty Dolla Sign previewed tracks at the Vultures Rave listening party in December 2023, two months before holding numerous public events in Chicago, New York, and Milan. The album was initially distributed using the FUGA platform, allegedly in violation of FUGA's service agreement, and a withdrawal was made from streaming services on February 15, 2024. However, it was then re-distributed by Label Engine the same day. \nIn contrast to West's previous two albums, Jesus Is King (2019) and Donda (2021), Vultures 1 finds him forgoing religious themes and addressing his preceding controversies, as well as themes of money, relationships, sex, and fame. It also sees him returning to an explicit tracklist, with his previous three albums only featuring tracks with clean or censored lyrics. The cover art features West dressed in all-black with his hockey mask, joined by his partner Bianca Censori. The title track was issued as the album's lead single in November 2023, followed three months later by \"Talking / Once Again\" and \"Carnival\", the latter of which topped the US Billboard Hot 100. Music videos were produced for all of the singles, with a new version of \"Vultures\" produced by Havoc being used for the first of its visuals.\nReleased in the wake of West's antisemitic comments, Vultures 1 polarised music critics, many of whom criticized its lyrics regarding the matter—as well as his other controversies. However, some complimented the production and Ty Dolla Sign's contributions. The album marked West's 11th consecutive number-one debut on the US Billboard 200, breaking his tie with Eminem. It topped the charts in several other countries, including Australia, Canada, and Germany, becoming West's first number-one album in the latter country. Vultures 1 was certified gold and silver in New Zealand and the United Kingdom by Recorded Music NZ and the British Phonographic Industry, respectively. All of the album's songs entered the Billboard Hot 100, bringing West to 157 career entries. A sequel album, Vultures 2 released on August 3, 2024, with Vultures 3 also slated for a release later in the year. The performers are scheduled to embark on a world tour in support of the album from 2024 to 2025, planned for cities such as New York and London.\n\n\n== Background and recording ==\nOn August 25, 2023, NBC News reported from two sources that West had been working on music throughout the summer and planned to release an album, revealing \"new music is imminent\". West held a private listening event for the album in Italy on October 1, that Ty Dolla Sign attended andCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.",
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Chrétien DuBois",
"paragraph_text": "Several prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant. was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.\nChretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coupigny. He died sometime after 1641.\nChretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage. \nSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDuBois Family Association\nHistoric Huguenot StreetChrétien du Bois (1597-1655) was a French official in the Comté (Count) of Coupigny.\nHe was the father of three Protestant French-speaking immigrants to colonial New York. One of these, Louis Dubois, was among the founders of New Paltz, New York, in the late 1600s.\nChretien du Bois was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.\nChretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coupigny. He died sometime after 1641.\nChretien du Bois is of particular interest to American genealogists, both because of the notability of his descendants and because several different versions of noble ancestry have been claimed for him. Further DNA testing of several descendants including Sarah Du Bois Van Meter have tested positive in the nobility lineage. \nSeveral prominent Americans figure among Chretien du Bois' descendants, including former governor of Massachusetts William Floyd Weld, actor Marlon Brando, Jr., [wood family settled in Carolina and finally Tennessee agricultural and industrial monopoly] painter Mary Cassatt, journalist Maria Shriver (wife of California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger), Samuel Walton, General George Smith Patton III and film director George Lucas. W. E. B. Du Bois is also said to be a descendant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDuBois Family Association\nHistoric Huguenot StreetChrétien du Bois (1597-1655) was a French official in the Comté (Count) of Coupigny.\nHe was the father of three Protestant French-speaking immigrants to colonial New York. One of these, Louis Dubois, was among the founders of New Paltz, New York, in the late 1600s.\nChretien du Bois was the son of Antoine du Bois and Anne Cousin, and was married to Françoise le Poivre.\nChretien du Bois lived in the village of Wicres, outside of Lille. Documents from the Archives Départementales de Lille indicate he was bailli, lieutenant, greffier & receveur of the Comté of Coupigny. He died sometime after 1641.\nChretien du Bois is of particular interest to American gene",
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| Who is the spouse of the governor who enacted a law in tribute to Donda West? | [
{
"id": 2683,
"question": "What governor passed a law in honor of Donda West?",
"answer": "Arnold Schwarzenegger",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 577502,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Maria Shriver",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Maria Shriver | []
| true | Who married the governor who passed a law in honor of Donda West? |
2hop__71294_494136 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "I Can Only Imagine (film)",
"paragraph_text": "I Can Only Imagine is a 2018 American Christian drama film directed by the Erwin Brothers and written by Alex Cramer, Jon Erwin, and Brent McCorkle, based on the story behind the MercyMe song of the same name, the best - selling Christian single of all time. The film stars J. Michael Finley as Bart Millard, the lead singer who wrote the song about his relationship with his father (Dennis Quaid). Madeline Carroll, Priscilla Shirer, Cloris Leachman, and Trace Adkins also star.man also star.\nI Can Only Imagine was released in the United States on March 16, 2018. It was a box office success, grossing $86 million worldwide against a production budget of $7 million, earning more than twelve times its budget. It is the fifth highest-grossing music biopic and sixth highest-grossing Christian film of all-time in the United States. Some critics praised it as inspiring and noted it as an improvement compared to other faith-based films, while others called it flat and by-the-numbers. At the 2018 Dove Awards, the film won \"Inspirational Film of the Year\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTen-year-old Bart Millard lives with his mother and abusive father Arthur in Texas. One day, Bart's mother drops him off at a Christian camp, where Bart meets Shannon. Upon his return from camp, Bart finds that his mother has left and movers are removing her belongings. Bart angrily confronts Arthur, who denies that his abusiveness was the reason she left.\nYears later, in high school, Bart and Shannon are dating. Bart plays football to please Arthur, but is injured, breaking both ankles and ending his career. The only elective with openings is music class, so he reluctantly signs up. Initially, Bart is assigned to be a sound technician, but after overhearing him singing, the director casts him in the lead role in the school production of Oklahoma!. Bart overcomes his reluctance and gives an impressive performance, but does not tell Arthur, who finds out the night of the show when he happens to see a flyer for the show in a diner. Arthur suddenly collapses in pain, and finds out he has cancer, which he hides from Bart. The following morning, Bart antagonizes Arthur, who smashes a plate over his head. At church, Shannon sees the blood and presses Bart to open up, but he responds by breaking up with her, and leaves town to seek his fortune in the city.\nBart joins a band in need of a singer, and convinces Christian music producer Scott Brickell to manage the band and secure a showcase in Nashville. Bart surprises Shannon and invites her to tour with the band, and is confused when Shannon flatly refuses. In Nashville, Brickell introduces Bart to established artists Amy Grant and Michael W. Smith, but is unable to convince record executives to sign the band, who do not believe the band, now performing as \"MercyMe\", is good enough. Devastated, Bart quits the band, but Brickell thinks that Bart needs to resolve issues in his personal life, so Bart reconciles with the band and asks them to wait for him, and leaves to return home.\nBart returns home late at night, and is confused to find that Arthur has prepared breakfast for him the next morning. Arthur claims to have become a Christian, but Bart is skeptical and refuses to forgive him, and leaves. In anger and despair, Arthur smashes his old Jeep, which he had asked Bart to help him restore. Bart attempts to drive away in Arthur's pickup, but discovers the terminal cancer diagnosis, and returns",
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Flesh and Bone (film)",
"paragraph_text": " their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay Davies\nJames Caan as Roy Sweeney\nGwyneth Paltrow as Ginnie\nScott Wilson as Elliott\nGail Cronauer as Emma\nJohn Hawkes as Groom\n\n\n== Location ==\nPrincipal photography began on October 5, 1992 and completed on December 26, 1992.\nIt was filmed in Lockhart and Marfa, Texas, as well as at the Mustang Mott store owned by Maxine McCoy, in Westhoff, Texas.\nProducer Mark Rosenberg died of a heart attack suffered on the film's location in Stanton, Texas.\nAs the end credits begin, the film is dedicated to him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, Flesh and Bone holds a 70% approval rating from 27 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100 based on 21Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\"Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making a camera fall in love with her.\" what happened to him. During the night, the boy wakes up and lets a stranger into the house. The man and the boy rob the house together. When the father surprises the burglar, they exchange gunfire. Drawn by the sound, the burglar kills the mother as well. He asks his son if there is anyone else in the house. The boy reluctantly nods, and his father goes upstairs to kill the family's young son, leaving only their crying baby alive.\n25 years later, the boy is living a solitary life as a man named Arlis. He has a vending machine business which keeps him traveling all over Texas. At one of his stops, he meets a stripper named Kay who is too drunk to do her job. He drives Kay home and helps her leave her degenerate husband. Arlis resists Kay's advances for a while before they finally fall in love.\nOne night, Arlis answers a knock at the motel door. It is a young woman named Ginnie, a petty thief he has seen on his rounds. Ginnie asks for help with her car. Arlis follows her to the vehicle only to find that his father Roy is waiting for him. He has been shot and needs Arlis to tend to the wound.\nKay offers Ginnie some nightclothes from her suitcase. Ginnie sees a photograph and asks about it. Kay explains it was her family. Both Arlis and his father eventually realize that Kay was the baby that survived Roy's massacre. Arlis leaves Kay in order to protect her from his father.\nRoy has Ginnie lure Kay to the abandoned farmhouse of her infancy. Arlis tracks them down and confronts his father. Neither man lets on to Kay why they are there. As she explores the fields with Ginnie, Roy taunts Arlis about not having the stomach to shoot him. He says he has to kill Kay because she is a loose end, and Arlis will not stop him because they are \"flesh and bone\".\nArlis kills Roy and takes Kay away from the house. He leaves her at the motel and resumes his solitary life.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nDennis Quaid as Arlis Sweeney\nMeg Ryan as Kay Davies\nJames Caan as Roy Sweeney\nGwyneth Paltrow as Ginnie\nScott Wilson as Elliott\nGail Cronauer as Emma\nJohn Hawkes as Groom\n\n\n== Location ==\nPrincipal photography began on October 5, 1992 and completed on December 26, 1992.\nIt was filmed in Lockhart and Marfa, Texas, as well as at the Mustang Mott store owned by Maxine McCoy, in Westhoff, Texas.\nProducer Mark Rosenberg died of a heart attack suffered on the film's location in Stanton, Texas.\nAs the end credits begin, the film is dedicated to him.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nOn Rotten Tomatoes, Flesh and Bone holds a 70% approval rating from 27 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100 based on 21Flesh and Bone is a 1993 neo noir film drama written and directed by Steve Kloves that stars Meg Ryan, Dennis Quaid and James Caan. Gwyneth Paltrow is featured in an early role. Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" described Paltrow as a scene-stealer \"who is Blythe Danner's daughter and has her mother's way of making",
"is_supporting": true
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| What is the name of the person married to the actor who portrays the dad character in "I Can Only Imagine"? | [
{
"id": 71294,
"question": "who plays the father on i can only imagine",
"answer": "Dennis Quaid",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 494136,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Meg Ryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Meg Ryan | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the actor who plays the father on I Can Only Imagine? |
3hop1__109422_720914_41132 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Black Death",
"paragraph_text": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plagueIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 5,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected in Lawrence reaching towards the beam of light breaking through the clouds above him.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Works Cited ==\nRosand, David (1997). Painting in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521562867.\nSherman, Allison (2013). \"Murder and Martyrdom: Titian's Gesuiti \"Saint Lawrence\" as a Family Peace Offering\". Artibus et Historiae. 34 (68): 39–54. ISSN 0391-9064.\nJacobus, De Voragine, Approximately, William Caxton, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Westminster, 20 Nov, 1483. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/48043527/.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by TitianThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a Renaissance era oil painting by the Venetian artist Titian, dated from 1558. It depicts the Ancient Romans' murder of Saint Lawrence and was originally an altarpiece in the Church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\n",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "The Punishment of Tythus",
"paragraph_text": " to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Punishment of Tythus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 and now in the Museo del Prado. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.TThe Punishment of Tythus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 and now in the Museo del Prado. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology. ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a mythological painting by Titian dating to 1549 in the Museo del Prado, Madrid. It shows the punishment of the giant Tityos from Greek mythology.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Punishment of Tityus by Titian at Wikimedia CommonsTityus is a",
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| What is the count of plague occurrences at the location where the author of The Punishment of Tythus died? | [
{
"id": 109422,
"question": "Who is the creator of The Punishment of Tythus?",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 41132,
"question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?",
"answer": "22",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
]
| 22 | []
| true | How many times did the plague occur in the place of death of the creator of The Punishment of Tythus? |
2hop__619265_72380 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "List of Ray Donovan episodes",
"paragraph_text": ", the network announced a feature-length film to conclude the storyline, that premiered on January 14, 2022.\nDuring the course of the series, 82 episodes of Ray Donovan aired over seven seasons, between June 30, 2013, and January 19, 2020.\n\n\n== Series overview ==\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2013) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2014) ===\n\n\n=== Season 3 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 4 (2016) ===\n\n\n=== Season 5 (2017) ===\n\n\n=== Season 6 (2018–19) ===\n\n\n=== Season 7 (2019–20) ===\n\n\n== Ratings ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nRay Donovan at IMDbRay Donovan is an American crime drama television series created by Ann Biderman, which premiered on Showtime on June 30, 2013. Liev Schreiber stars as the titular character, a \"fixer\" for the powerful law firm Goldman & Drexler, representing the rich and famous of Los Angeles, California. Ray experiences his own problems when his father, Mickey Donovan (Jon Voight), is unexpectedly released from prison.\nOn February 4, 2020, Showtime cancelled the series after seven seasons. However, on February 24, 2021, the network announced a feature-length film to conclude the storyline, that premiered on January 14, 2022.\nDuring the course of the series, 82 episodes of Ray Donovan aired over seven seasons, between June 30, 2013, and January 19, 2020.\n\n\n== Series overview ==\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2013) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2014) ===\n\n\n=== Season 3 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 4 (2016) ===\n\n\n=== Season 5 (2017) ===\n\n\n=== Season 6 (2018–19) ===\n\n\n=== Season 7 (2019–20) ===\n\n\n== Ratings ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nRay Donovan at IMDbRay Donovan is an American crime drama television series created by Ann Biderman, which premiered on Showtime on June 30, 2013. Liev Schreiber stars as the titular character, a \"fixer\" for the powerful law firm Goldman & Drexler, representing the rich and famous of Los Angeles, California. Ray experiences his own problems when his father, Mickey Donovan (Jon Voight), is unexpectedly released from prison.\nOn February 4, 2020, Showtime cancelled the series after seven seasons. However, on February 24, 2021, the network announced a feature-length film to conclude the storyline, that premiered on January 14, 2022.\nDuring the course of the series, 82 episodes of Ray Donovan aired over seven seasons, between June 30, 2013, and January 19, 2020.\n\n\n== Series overview ==\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2013) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2014) ===\n\n\n=== Season 3 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 4 (2016) ===\n\n\n=== Season 5 (2017) ===\n\n\n=== Season 6 (2018–19) ===\n\n\n=== Season 7 (2019–20) ===\n\n\n== Ratings ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nRay Donovan at IMDbRay Donovan is an American crime drama television series created by Ann Biderman, which premiered on Showtime on June 30, 2013. Liev Schreiber stars as the titular character, a \"fixer\" for the powerful law firm Goldman & Drexler, representing the rich and famous of Los Angeles, California. Ray experiences his own problems when his father, Mickey Donovan (Jon Voight), is unexpectedly released from prison.\nOn February 4, 2020, Showtime cancelled the series after seven seasons. However, on February 24, 2021, the network announced a feature-length film to conclude the storyline, that premiered on January 14, 2022.\nDuring the course of the series, 82 episodes of Ray Donovan aired over seven seasons, between June 30, 2013, and January 19, 2020.\n\n\n== Series overview ==\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2013) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2014) ===\n\n\n=== Season 3 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 4 (2016) ===\n\n\n=== Season 5 (2017) ===\n\n\n=== Season 6 (2018–19) ===\n\n\n=== Season 7 (2019–20) ===\n\n\n== Ratings ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nRay Donovan at IMDbRay Donovan is an American crime drama37 ``Girl with Guitar ''Liev Schreiber David Hollander June 20, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 20) (online) June 26, 2016 (2016 - 06 - 26) (Showtime) 1.11 rich and famous of Los Angeles, California. Ray experiences his own problems when his father, Mickey Donovan (Jon Voight), is unexpectedly released from prison.\nOn February 4, 2020, Showtime cancelled the series after seven seasons. However, on February 24, 2021, the network announced a feature-length film to conclude the storyline, that premiered on January 14, 2022.\nDuring the course of the series, 82 episodes of Ray Donovan aired over seven seasons, between June 30, 2013, and January 19, 2020.\n\n\n== Series overview ==\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2013) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2014) ===\n\n\n=== Season 3 (2015) ===\n\n\n=== Season 4 (2016) ===\n\n\n=== Season 5 (2017) ===\n\n\n=== Season 6 (2018–19) ===\n\n\n=== Season 7 (2019–20) ===\n\n\n== Ratings ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nRay Donovan at IMDbRay Donovan is an",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "The Bag or the Bat",
"paragraph_text": " Bauer) and Lena (Katherine Moennig), and works to balance his demanding job schedule with his family life. His wife, Abby (Paula Malcomson) is aware of her husband's profession, as are their children Bridget (Kerris Dorsey) and Connor (Devon Bagby). Ray's brothers Terry (Eddie Marsan) and Bunchy (Dash Mihok) run a local gym, using their skills as past boxers to make a living. Also at the gym and in training is their half-brother, Daryll (Pooch Hall). The series begins when Mickey Donovan (Jon\"The Bag or the Bat\" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series \"Ray Donovan\", and premiered on June 30, 2013. The series premiere was directed by Allen Coulter and written by series creator Ann Biderman. Prior to the premiere television airing, the episode was uploaded to YouTube by Showtime and was previewed over 150,000 times.\"The Bag or the Bat\" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series\"The Bag or the Bat\" is the pilot episode of the Showtime original series \"Ray Donovan\", and premiered on June 30, 2013. The series premiere was directed by Allen Coulter and written by series creator Ann Biderman. Prior to the premiere television airing, the episode was uploaded to YouTube by Showtime and was previewed over 150,000 times. introduces all members of the main cast as well as a number of recurring characters. The titular character of Ray Donovan (played by Liev Schreiber) works as a \"fixer\" for Lee Drexler (Peter Jacobson) and Ezra Goldman (Elliott Gould), cleaning up serious situations for elite Hollywood players. Donovan is aided by his team of Avi (Steven Bauer) and Lena (Katherine Moennig), and works to balance his demanding job schedule with his family life. His wife, Abby (Paula Malcomson) is aware of her husband's profession, as are their children Bridget (Kerris Dorsey) and Connor (Devon Bagby). Ray's brothers Terry (Eddie Marsan) and Bunchy (Dash Mihok) run a local gym, using their skills as past boxers to make a living. Also at the gym and in training is their half-brother,",
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| When is the release date for the fourth season of the series where The Bag or the Bat featured? | [
{
"id": 619265,
"question": "The Bag or the Bat >> part of the series",
"answer": "Ray Donovan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 72380,
"question": "when does season 4 of #1 come out",
"answer": "June 20, 2016",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
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| June 20, 2016 | []
| true | When does season 4 of the series The Bag or the Bat was part of come out? |
2hop__401710_456439 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Dolores Claiborne (film)",
"paragraph_text": " and Leigh being especially praised. Kathy Bates stated in a retrospective interview that her performance as the titular Dolores was her favorite performance she had ever given. In 2013, Time named the film among the top 10 greatest Stephen King film adaptations.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1995, Dolores Claiborne works as a domestic servant for her elderly, partially paralyzed employer, Vera Donovan, in her mansion on Little Tall Island in Maine. One afternoon, the pair have a struggle and Vera falls down the stairs. After ransacking the kitchen, Dolores is caught by the mailman who sees her standing over Vera with a rolling pin. Vera dies and the local police begin a murder investigation.\nDolores's estranged daughter, Selena St. George, a successful New York City journalist who battles depression and substance abuse, reluctantly arrives in town to support her mother, despite her own doubts about Dolores's innocence. Dolores insists she did not kill Vera but the entire town have little trust as they still believe she killed her husband, Joe St. George, 18 years earlier. Detective John Mackey, who was the chief detective in his murder case, is determined to put Dolores away for life.\nIn 1975, Joe was an abusive alcoholic who, unbeknownst to Dolores, was also sexually abusing 13-year-old Selena. Dolores accepted the job cleaning for Vera to save money to pay for Selena's education. When Dolores discovered Selena was being molested, she went to the bank to withdraw the money so they could flee Joe's abuse, but finds Joe has stolen it. Dolores confided in Vera about the situation and Vera implied she killed her own husband, who had supposedly died in a car wreck, which Vera engineered to look like an accident. Vera's confession formed a bond between the two women and convinced Dolores to take control of her own situation. \nDolores says Vera threw herself down the stairs in an attempt to commit suicide, and then begged Dolores to put herDolores Claiborne is a 1995 American psychological thriller drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Kathy Bates, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and David Strathairn. It is based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King. The plot focuses on the strained relationship between a mother and her daughter, largely told through flashbacks, after her daughter arrives to her remote hometown on a Maine island where her mother has been accused of murdering the elderly woman for whom she cared.Dolores Claiborne is a 1995 American psychological thriller drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Kathy Bates, Jennifer Jason Leigh, and David Strathairn. It is based on the novel of the same name by Stephen King. The plot focuses on the strained relationship between a mother and her daughter, largely told through flashbacks, after her daughter arrives to her remote hometown on a Maine island where her mother has been accused of murdering the elderly woman for whom she cared.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Love Ranch",
"paragraph_text": "Love Ranch is a 2010 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Helen Mirren, Joe Pesci, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Gina Gershon and Bryan Cranston. It was written by .Love Ranch is a 2010 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Helen Mirren, Joe Pesci, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Gina Gershon and Bryan Cranston. It was written by .Love Ranch is a 2010 American drama film directed by Taylor Hackford and starring Helen Mirren, Joe Pesci, Sergio Peris-Mencheta, Gina Gershon and Bryan Cranston. It was written by Mark Jacobson.\nThe film is based on the lives of Joe Conforte and Sally Conforte, a married couple who operated the first legal brothel in the United States after the widespread criminalization of prostitution in the US earlier in the 20th century, the Mustang Ranch in Storey County, Nevada, Violence results when their marriage is tested by infidelity. The story also alludes to the mysterious circumstances surrounding the assassination of famous Argentinian boxer Ringo Bonavena in the Mustang Ranch.\n\n\n== Plot synopsis ==\n \nCharlie Bontempo (sometimes called Charlie \"Goodtimes\") and his wife, Grace, run a legal brothel known as the Love Ranch on a large, remote property near Reno, Nevada. Grace's mother had been a prostitute, so Grace knew the business, but it was Charlie who persuaded her to open a brothel in a part of Nevada where doing so would not violate the law. The business runs smoothly but is not without its headaches, such as unruly customers needing to be dealt with by a bouncer or prostitutes who get out of line. Grace is amazed when Charlie procures the contract of a professional heavyweight boxer, Armando \"Bruza\" Bonavena, who is from Argentina and has had fights against the likes of Muhammad Ali and Joe Frazier.\nCharlie is eager to have a fighter but coaxes Grace into becoming Bruza's actual manager because Charlie has a felony conviction that prevents him from getting a license. Grace can hardly believe Bruza is willing to live and train at the brothel, where he moves into a trailer. She is surprised even more when Bruza begins to demonstrate a physical interest in her since she is married and considerably older. She is offended at first, but the boxer's attention and outgoing personality begin to win her over. Bruza begins to voice an interest in becoming Grace's business partner in running the brothel. Charlie becomes aware of what's happening behind his back, leading to a disastrous outcome for all.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nHelen Mirren as Grace Bontempo\nJoe Pesci as Charlie \"Charlie Goodtimes\" Bontempo\nSergio Peris-Mencheta as Armando Bruza\nBryan Cranston as James Pettis\nGina Gershon as Irene\nScout Taylor-Compton as Christina\nTaryn Manning as Mallory\nGil Birmingham as Sheriff Cortez\nBai Ling as Samantha \nRick Gomez as Tom Macy\nLeslie Jordan as Mr. Hainsworth\nM. C. Gainey as Warren Stamp\nElise Neal as Alana\nHarve Presnell as Dr. Smathers (in his final film role)\nWendell Pierce as Naasih Mohammed\n\n\n== Production and release ==\nFilming began in Reno, Nevada, in January 2008.\nLove Ranch was released in limited U.S. theaters on June 30, 2010. It was Harve Presnell's final film role.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe film has received mostly negative reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an",
"is_supporting": true
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| Who is married to the person who produced Dolores Claiborne? | [
{
"id": 401710,
"question": "Dolores Claiborne >> producer",
"answer": "Taylor Hackford",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 456439,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Helen Mirren",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Helen Mirren | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the producer of Dolores Claiborne? |
2hop__347652_47134 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Memorial Union (Oregon State University)",
"paragraph_text": "The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas.The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas.The Memorial Union (MU) is the student activity center at Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, United States. It contains a ballroom, cafeteria, bowling alley, shops, and study areas. It was designed by Oregon Agricultural College (a predecessor of OSU) graduate Lee Arden Thomas.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe idea to build the Memorial Union building originally came from veterans Warren Daigh and Tony Schille, Oregon State students. Their vision was that the building would be in commemoration of their fellow soldiers who had been killed in the line of duty during WWI. Groundbreaking occurred March 3, 1926 Construction was funded by contributions from past and present students. The building was officially dedicated by Judge James K. Weatherford, chair of the OAC Board of Regents. Thomas, the building's architect, was an alumnus based in Portland. Memorial Union opened to the public on June 1, 1928. It is of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Benny Beaver",
"paragraph_text": " were popular attire for the North American and European upper class. At the turn of the 19th century, the newly explored American Northwest was found to be plentiful with beaver. As a territory, Oregon grew into a global supplier. When Oregon became a state, it coined itself \"The Beaver State\" due to the beaver's historic importance as an economic catalyst for the region and, similar to the California \"Gold Rush\", helping to attract thousands of early pioneers and homesteaders. The beaver now appears on the back of the state flag and is recognized as the official state animal.\n\n\n== Mascot history ==\nThe university's school newspaper is the first known organization on campus to adopt the beaver as its namesake and did so as early as 1908. The school yearbook's long use of the name, known as \"The Beaver\" starting in 1916, eventually helped solidify the beaver as the university'sBenny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s.BBenny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s. beaver has always been a popular animal in Oregon, but even more so in Europe and the Eastern US. In fact, wealthy members of Western Civilization were dressing in fashionable beaver long before Oregon was discovered by European explorers. By the late 1700s, the beaver trade was already a major global industry. Beaver fur top hats were popular attire for the North American and European upper class. At the turn of the 19th century, the newly explored American Northwest was found to be plentiful with beaver. As a territory, Oregon grew into a global supplier. When Oregon became a state, it coined itself \"The Beaver State\" due to the beaver's historic importance as an economic catalyst for the region and, similar to the California \"Gold Rush\", helping to attract thousands of early pioneers and homesteaders. The beaver now appears on the back of the state flag and is recognized as the official state animal.\n\n\n== Mascot history ==\nThe university's school newspaper is the first known organization on campus to adopt the beaver as its namesake and did so as early as 1908. The school yearbook's long use of the name, known as \"The Beaver\" starting in 1916, eventually helped solidify the beaver as the university'sBenny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write - in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s.Benny Beaver is the official mascot of Oregon State University and winner of the 2011 Capital One Mascot of the Year write-in campaign. The exact date of when the name was first used as the university's mascot is not known, but photographs in the school's yearbook document its use as early as the 1940s.\n\nThe beaver has always been a popular animal in Oregon, but even more so in Europe and the Eastern US. In fact, wealthy members of Western Civilization were dressing in fashionable beaver long before Oregon was discovered by European explorers. By the late 1700s, the beaver trade was already a major global industry. Beaver fur top hats were popular attire for the North American and European upper class. At the turn of the 19th century, the newly explored American Northwest was found to be plentiful with beaver. As a territory, Oregon grew into a global supplier. When Oregon became a state, it coined itself \"The Beaver State\" due to the beaver's historic importance as an economic catalyst for the region and, similar to the California \"Gold Rush\", helping to attract thousands of early pioneers and homesteaders. The beaver now appears on the back of the state flag and is recognized as the official state animal.\n\n\n== Mascot history ==\nThe university's school newspaper is the first known organization on campus to adopt the beaver as its namesake and did so as early as 1908. The school yearbook's long use of the name, known as \"The Beaver\" starting in 1916, eventually helped solidify the beaver as the university's official mascot. The popularity of the beaver was also shared by students at University of Oregon. For several early publishings, students at this school also used \"The Beaver\" as their yearbook's title.\nOregon State University's first documented use of \"Benny Beaver\" was found in a photograph showing students posing next to a statue of a beaver inscribed with the name \"Benny Beaver.\" The photograph appears in the 1942 edition of the yearbook.\n\nPrior to the beaver, Oregon State's mascot was an individual known as \"Doc\" Bell (1893–1928), a longtime member of the university's board of regents. Bell became hugely popular among the students for his ritual of marching to the Marys River after each of Oregon State's victories over Oregon and tossing his hat into the water as a token of celebration. \nEarlier mascots include \"Jimmie\" the Coyote (1892–1893) and \"Bulldog\" (1906–1910, unofficial and for specific teams only, such as the Wrestling squad). The beaver mascot's name, \"Benny,\" was officially adopted in 1945. Two failed attempts to maintain a live beaver mascot include Bevo Beaver (rescued from Mary's River in 1921 and later stolen ) and Billy Beaver.\nThe early Benny Beaver \"cartoon\" icon/logo was created by famous graphic illustrator, and former Disney employee, Arthur C. Evans. As the art director for Angelus Pacific Company, Evans submitted his design to OSU and it was approved for use in 1951. His logos were used at hundreds of other universities and high schools throughout the nation. Evans' beaver logo also appeared in the 1985 movie Teen Wolf.\nDuring the 1940s, students carted a beaver statue in parades throughout the state and around the stadium on game days. The statue was patterned after an earlier bronze statue that also went by the name \"Benny.\" Although the name \"Benny\" was adopted prior to the 1940s, a 1941 yearbook picture captions the statue",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the symbol or character representative of the organization in possession of Memorial Union? | [
{
"id": 347652,
"question": "Memorial Union >> owned by",
"answer": "Oregon State University",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 47134,
"question": "what is the mascot of #1",
"answer": "Benny Beaver",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
]
| Benny Beaver | []
| true | What is the mascot of the institution that owns Memorial Union? |
2hop__153573_45901 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Mickey's Safari in Letterland",
"paragraph_text": " voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes threeMickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty.Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring Disney's Mickey Mouse. This video game is intended for preschoolers and toddlers. Basic literacy skills are taught in this side-scrolling video game.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\nMickey must collect allMickey's Safari in Letterland is a 1993 educational Nintendo Entertainment System video game starring the famous cartoon character Mickey Mouse. In this game, Mickey must collect all of the letters of the alphabet for his museum by going to six different territories (including places inspired by the Yukon and the Caribbean). There are three levels of difficulty. six different territories, including: Yukon, a swamp, a forest, a jungle, a pyramid, and the Caribbean. Enemies in the game include snakes, porcupines and alligators. However, players can't die from these enemies, and are simply bounced off of them. The game includes voice acting, with Mickey having an audio voice sample for each collected letter, and some of his catchphrases. The game also includes three levels of difficulty.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of Disney video games\n\n\n== References ==Mickey's Safari in",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Mickey Mouse",
"paragraph_text": " mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime icon and mascot of the Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large shoes, and white gloves. HeMickey Mouse First appearance Steamboat Willie November 18, 1928 Created by Walt Disney Ub Iwerks Voiced by Walt Disney (1928 -- 1966) Carl W. Stalling (1929) Clarence Nash (1934) Jimmy MacDonald (1947 -- 1977) Wayne Allwine (1977 -- 2009) Les Perkins (1986 -- 1987) Bret Iwan (2009 -- present) Chris Diamantopoulos (2013 -- present) (see voice actors) Developed by Floyd Gottfredson Les Clark Fred Moore Information Full name Michael Mouse Aliases Bob Cratchit King Mickey Mickey (Wizards of Mickey) Species Mouse Gender Male Occupation Detective (MM Mickey Mouse Mystery Magazine) Family Mickey Mouse family Significant other (s) Minnie Mouse Pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy and his nemesis Pete among others (see Mickey Mouse universe).\nMickey was created as a replacement for a prior Disney character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. The character was originally to be named \"Mortimer Mouse\", until Walt Disney's wife, Lillian, suggested \"Mickey\". Mickey first appeared in two 1928 shorts Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho (which were not picked up for distribution) before his public debut in Steamboat Willie (1928). The character went on to appear in over 130 films, mostly shorts as well as features such as Fantasia (1940). Since 1930, Mickey has been featured extensively in comic strips (including the Mickey Mouse comicMickey Mouse is a funny animal cartoon character and the mascot of The Walt Disney Company. He was created by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks at the Walt Disney Studios in 1928. An anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large yellow shoes, and white gloves, Mickey is one of the world's most recognizable characters.Mickey Mouse is an American cartoon character co-created in 1928 by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks. The longtime icon and mascot of the Walt Disney Company, Mickey is an anthropomorphic mouse who typically wears red shorts, large shoes, and white gloves. He is often depicted alongside his girlfriend Minnie Mouse, his pet dog Pluto, his friends Donald Duck and Goofy and his nemesis Pete among others (see Mickey Mouse universe).\nMickey was created as a replacement for a prior Disney character, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit. The character was originally to be named \"Mortimer Mouse\", until Walt Disney's wife, Lillian, suggested \"Mickey\". Mickey first appeared in two 1928 shorts Plane Crazy and The Gallopin' Gaucho (which were not picked up for distribution) before his public debut in Steamboat Willie (1928). The character went on to appear in over 130 films, mostly shorts as well as features such as Fantasia (1940). Since 1930, Mickey has been featured extensively in comic strips (including the Mickey Mouse comic strip, which ran for 45 years) and comic books (such as Mickey Mouse). The character has also been featured in television series such as The Mickey Mouse Club (1955–1996).\nInspired by such silent film personalities as Charlie Chaplin and Douglas Fairbanks, Mickey is traditionally characterized as a sympathetic underdog who gets by on pluck and ingenuity in the face of challenges bigger than himself. The character's depiction as a small mouse is personified through his diminutive stature and falsetto voice, the latter of which was originally provided by Walt Disney. Though originally characterized as a cheeky lovable rogue, Mickey was rebranded over time as a nice guy, usually seen as a spirited, yet impulsive hero.\nMickey also appears in media such as video games as well as merchandising and is a meetable character at the Disney parks. He is one of the world's most recognizable and universally acclaimed fictional characters. Ten of Mickey's cartoons were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, one of which, Lend a Paw, won the award in 1941. In 1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.\n\n\n== Creation ==\n\nMickey Mouse was created as a replacement for Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, an earlier cartoon character that was created by the Disney studio but owned at the time by Universal Pictures. Charles Mintz served as a middleman producer between Disney and Universal through his company, Winkler Pictures, for the series of cartoons starring Oswald. In a February 1928 meeting with Mintz to renew the Oswald contract, Disney was met by a disappointing budget cut proposal, along with Mintz's revelation that several of the most important Disney animators were coming over to his studio. Among the few who stayed at the Disney studio were animator Ub Iwerks, apprentice artist Les Clark, and Wilfred Jackson.\nA new character was workshopped out of necessity and in relative secret. Various myths exist of Walt Disney's inspiration for Mickey (including some which were likely ghostwritten), such as that the starving artist drew inspiration from a tame mouse (or pair of mice) at his desk at Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City, Missouri, or that he undertook a romantic search for inspiration on the train ride home from his disappointing meeting with Mintz. At Disney's behest, Iwerks sketched new character ideas based on various animals such as dogs and cats, but none of these appealed to Disney. A female cow and male horse were rejected, as was a male frog. In 1925, Hugh Harman drew some sketches of mice around a photograph of Walt Disney, reputedly based on Disney's own designs (similar to those he included on family birthday cards). These inspired Iwerks to create a new mouse character for Disney.\n\n\"Mortimer Mouse\" had been Disney's original name for the character before his wife, Lillian, convinced him to change it. It has been speculated that Disney saw the name on a similarly named Performo toy. Additionally, actor Mickey Rooney claimed that during his time performing as the title character of the Mickey McGuire film series (1927–1934), he met Walt Disney at the Warner Bros. studio, inspiring Disney to name the character after him; however, Disney Studios was located on Hyperion Avenue at the time, with Disney conducting no business at Warner Bros.\nThe first feature-length movie with dialogue sequences, The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson, was released on October 6, 1927. Several additional talkies followed, and movie theaters began installing the necessary equipment. Walt Disney reputedly discussed making sound cartoons in late May 1928. After composer Carl W. Stalling initially voiced Mickey for the 1929 talkie shorts The Karnival Kid and Wild Waves, Disney himself provided the often-shy falsetto voice—a large part of the character's onscreen persona.\n\n\n=== Design ===\n\nMickey's original design strongly resembled Oswald the Rabbit, save for the ears, nose, and tail. Ub Iwerks designed Mickey's body out of circles (distinctly, the ears) to make the character easy to animate.\nUpon his creation, Mickey's features shared similarities to a number of his cartoon predecessors with large eyes and mouth on a black body (e.g. Oswald and Felix the Cat). From early 1929, Mickey also wore white gloves (similar to those appearing on later characters, e.g. Bosko and Bimbo). Several sources state that this scheme evolved from blackface caricatures used in minstrel shows.\nAdditionally, Mickey's original black hands could not be",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which actor provided the initial voice over for the character from the series, Mickey's Safari in Letterland? | [
{
"id": 153573,
"question": "What series is Mickey's Safari in Letterland from?",
"answer": "Mickey Mouse",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 45901,
"question": "who did the original voice for #1",
"answer": "Walt Disney",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| Walt Disney | []
| true | Who did the original voice for the character whose series Mickey's safari in Letterland is from? |
2hop__481809_184805 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Tompion",
"paragraph_text": " the barrels were sealed, both with a tampion and plugs in the touch hole. A quantity of olive oil and a round shot were left inside in the barrel; With the gun laid horizontally the shot would roll up and down the barrel as the ship caught each wave, effectively lubricating the gun simply through the motion of the ship.\nLater, the invention of revolving gun turrets meant that all guns were constantly exposed to water. Hence, when not in use, naval guns were protected by wooden, and, later, rubber, muzzle plugs. They were also used to protect the barrel whenever the guns were placed in storage, for example in the hold where moisture could cause corrosion, and sealed in with putty.\nTypically, rubber and plastic tampions can be shot through in case of an emergency. Plastic tampions are normally designed to be expelled by the build-up of pressure in the barrel as the first shell is fired.\nOver time, tampions were embossed or engraved with the arms of the unit, and they became collector's items. Nowadays, even warships that typically would not carry heavy guns, such as submarines, have their own badges in the shape of a tampion.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\n\n\n== Images ==A tampion or tompion (in the Royal Navy) is a wooden plug, or a metal, canvas, rubber, or plastic cover, for the muzzle of a gun, howitzer, or mortar. Tampions can be found on both land-based artillery and naval guns. Naval tampions have been developed into works of art.\n\n\n== History ==\nAlthough the cannon of ships of the line were protected as they were retracted inside the ships, many smaller vessels had exposed gundecks which required a plug to protect inside of the barrels. To combat rust when ships were not in action the barrels were sealed, both with a tampion and plugs in the touch hole. A quantity of olive oil and a round shot were left inside in the barrel; With the gun laid horizontally the shot would roll up and down the barrel as the ship caught each wave, effectively lubricating the gun simply through the motion of the ship.\nImmaculately bred, Tompion was the son of the Hall of Fame horse Tom Fool. His damsire was Count Fleet, the 1943 U.S. Triple Crown champion. During his racing career he was owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney and trained by Robert L. Wheeler.AImmaculately bred, Tompion was the son of the Hall of Fame horse Tom Fool. His damsire was Count Fleet, the 1943 U.S. Triple Crown champion. During his racing career he was owned by Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney and trained by Robert L. Wheeler.ampions have been developed into works of art.\n\n\n== History ==\nAlthough the cannon of ships of the line were protected as they were retracted inside the ships, many smaller vessels had exposed gundecks which required a plug to protect inside of the barrels. To combat rust when ships were not in action the barrels were sealed, both with a tampion and plugs in the touch hole. A quantity of olive oil and a round shot were left inside in the barrel; With the gun laid horizontally the shot would roll up and down the barrel as the ship caught each wave, effectively lubricating the gun simply through the motion of the ship.\nLater, the invention of revolving gun turrets meant that all guns were constantly exposed to water. Hence, when not in use, naval guns were protected by wooden, and, later, rubber, muzzle plugs. They were also used to protect the barrel whenever the guns were placed in storage, for example in the hold where moisture could cause corrosion, and sealed in with putty.\nTypically, rubber and plastic tampions can be shot through in case of an emergency. Plastic tampions are normally designed to be expelled by the build-up of pressure in the barrel as the first shell is fired.\nOver time, tampions were embossed or engraved with the arms of the unit, and they became collector's items. Nowadays, even warships that typically would not carry heavy guns, such as submarines, have their own badges in the shape of a tampion.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\n\n\n== Images ==A",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Alluvial (horse)",
"paragraph_text": ".\nOn May 23, 1994, Alluvial died at Claiborne Farm due to the infirmities of old age.\n\n\n== Resources ==\nPedgigree & Partial StatsAlluvial (foaled 1969 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred broodmare.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAlluvial was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Buckpasser, who in turn was sired by the 1953 United States Horse of the Year, Tom Fool, out of the Hill Prince mare Bayou. Alluvial was a half-sister, through Bayou, to the graded stakes race winning filly Batteur, who won the Santa Monica Handicap, Santa Margarita Handicap, Santa Maria Handicap, and Santa Barbara Handicap, as well as the New York Handicap.\n\n\n== Breeding record ==\nAlluvial was unraced and is known for her success as a broodmare. Alluvial was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Buckpasser, who in turn was sired by the 1953 United States Horse of the Year, Tom Fool, out of the Hill Prince mare Bayou. Alluvial was a half-sister, through Bayou, to the graded stakes race winning filly Batteur, who won the Santa Monica Handicap, Santa Margarita Handicap, Santa Maria Handicap, and Santa Barbara Handicap, as well as the New York Handicap.AlluvAlluvial was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Buckpasser, who in turn was sired by the 1953 United States Horse of the Year, Tom Fool, out of the Hill Prince mare Bayou. Alluvial was a half-sister, through Bayou, to the graded stakes race winning filly Batteur, who won the Santa Monica Handicap, Santa Margarita Handicap, Santa Maria Handicap, and Santa Barbara Handicap, as well as the New York Handicap. Margarita Handicap, Santa Maria Handicap, and Santa Barbara Handicap, as well as the New York Handicap.\n\n\n== Breeding record ==\nAlluvial was unraced and is known for her success as a broodmare. She is the dam of Belmont Stakes winner Coastal, by Majestic Prince, and champion Slew o' Gold, by Seattle Slew.\nHer daughter Dokki is the dam of Aptitude, who was second in both the 2000 Kentucky Derby and Belmont Stakes, and stakes winner Sleep Easy.\nOn May 23, 1994, Alluvial died at Claiborne Farm due to the infirmities of old age.\n\n\n== Resources ==\nPedgigree & Partial StatsAlluvial (foaled 1969 in Kentucky) was an American Thoroughbred broodmare.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAlluvial was sired by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Buckpasser, who in turn was sired by the 1953 United States Horse of the Year, Tom Fool, out of the Hill Prince mare Bayou. Alluvial was a half-sister, through Bayou, to the graded stakes race winning filly Batteur, who won the Santa Monica Handicap, Santa Margarita Handicap, Santa Maria Handicap, and Santa Barbara Handicap, as well as the New York Handicap.\n\n\n== Bre",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which individual is the offspring of the stallion that also sired Tompion? | [
{
"id": 481809,
"question": "Tompion >> father",
"answer": "Tom Fool",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 184805,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Buckpasser",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| Buckpasser | []
| true | Who is the child of the horse who also fathered Tompion? |
3hop1__365934_87694_64412 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Mantua Cathedral",
"paragraph_text": " was followed by a building destroyed by a fire in 894. It was quickly re erected in Protoromanesque style. The church was rebuilt beginning in 1132 by Bishop Manfredo, initially in the Romanesque style. The bell tower was finished before 1150.\nThe current church stands on the Romanesque church of San Pietro, of which only some wall structures and the bell tower are preserved. It was rebuilt in 1395–1401 with the addition of side chapels and a Gothic west front, which can still be seen in a sketch by Domenico Morone (preserved in the Palazzo Ducale of Mantua).\n\nIn 1395 Francesco I Gonzaga, to celebrate the birth of his firstborn son, ordered the construction of a new facade in the Gothic style. It was carried out by the Venetian brothers Jacobello and Pierpaolo dalle Masegne. Of their original work, only the right flank of the cathedral has survived. The façade was equipped with a prothyrum, rose windows and pinnacles. The organ of the cathedral was built by Hans Tugi in c. 1503.\nAfter another fire in 1545, Cardinal Ercole GonzagaMantua Cathedral () in Mantua, Lombardy, northern Italy, is a Roman Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Peter. It is the seat of the Bishop of Mantua. Catholic cathedral dedicated to Saint Peter. It is the seat of the Bishop of Mantua.\n\n\n== History ==\nAn initial structure probably existed on the site in the Early Christian era, which was followed by a building destroyed by a fire in 894. It was quickly re erected in Protoromanesque style. The church was rebuilt beginning in 1132 by Bishop Manfredo, initially in the Romanesque style. The bell tower was finished before 1150.\nThe current church stands on the Romanesque church of San Pietro, of which only some wall",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "St. Peter's Basilica",
"paragraph_text": " was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (theseThe Papal Basilica of St. Peter in the Vatican (Italian: Basilica Papale di San Pietro in Vaticano), or simply St. Peter's Basilica (Latin: Basilica Sancti Petri), is an Italian Renaissance church in Vatican City, the papal enclave within the city of Rome.�pj����tro]), is a church of the Italian High Renaissance located in Vatican City, an independent microstate enclaved within the city of Rome, Italy. It was initially planned in the 15th century by Pope Nicholas V and then Pope Julius II to replace the ageing Old St. Peter's Basilica, which was built in the fourth century by Roman emperor Constantine the Great. Construction of the present basilica began on 18 April 1506 and was completed on 18 November 1626.\nDesigned principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, and Carlo Maderno, with piazza and fittings by Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is one of the most renowned works of Italian Renaissance architecture and is the largest church in the world by interior measure. While it is neither the mother church of the Catholic Church nor the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome (these equivalent titles being held by the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran in Rome), St. Peter's is regarded as one of the holiest Catholic shrines. It has been described as \"holding a unique position in the Christian world\", and as \"the greatest of all churches of Christendom.\"\nCatholic tradition holds that the basilica is the burial site of Saint Peter, chief among Jesus's apostles and also the first Bishop of Rome (Pope). Saint Peter's tomb is directly below the high altar of the basilica, also known as the Altar of the Confession. For this reason, many popes, cardinals and bishops have been interred at St. Peter's since the Early Christian period.\nSt. Peter's is famous as a place of pilgrimage and for its liturgical functions. The pope presides at a number of liturgies throughout the year both within the basilica or the adjoining St. Peter's Square; these liturgies draw audiences numbering from 15,000 to over 80,000 people. St. Peter's has many historical associations, with the early Christian Church, the Papacy, the Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter-Reformation and numerous artists, especially Michelangelo. As a work of architecture, it is regarded as the greatest building of its age. St. Peter's is one of the four churches in the world that hold the rank of Major papal basilica, all four of which are in Rome, and is also one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. Contrary to popular misconception, it is not a cathedral because it is not the seat of a bishop; the cathedra of the pope as bishop of Rome is at the Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\nSt. Peter's is a church built in the Renaissance style located in the Vatican City west of the River Tiber and near the Janiculum Hill and Hadrian's Mausoleum. Its central dome dominates the skyline of Rome. The basilica is approached via St. Peter's Square, a forecourt in two sections, both surrounded by tall colonnades. The first space is oval and the second trapezoidal. The façade of the basilica, with a giant order of columns, stretches across",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.\nIn 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nBefore 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, which was described as red and yellow.\nIn 1808, Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace red color with white, in order to distinguish them from the troops that had been incorporated into Napoleon's army.\nIn 1803, the Papal States started using a white merchant flag with the Papal coat of arms in the centre. This flag was made official on 7 June 1815. On 17 September 1825, it was replaced with a yellow and white flag which took its colours from the materials of the two keys (yellow for gold, white for silver). These colors were probably taken from the 1808 flag of the Palatine guard. This was the first bicolour used by the Papal States and the ancestor of the modern flag of Vatican City. The merchant flag also served as a state flag on land.\nStarting in 1831, the papal infantry flew square yellow and white flags. At first, they were diagonally divided, but after 1849 they were vertically divided like the merchant flag. The last infantry colour, adopted in 1862, was a plain square white and yellow flag.\nOn 8 February 1849, while Pope Pius IX was in exile in Gaeta, a Roman Republic was declared. The new government's flag was the Italian tricolor with the motto \"Dio e Popolo\" on the central stripe. The papal government and its flags were restored on 2 July 1849. On 20 September 1870, the Papal States wereThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When did the spot, where the catholic church's leader resides and has a basilica with the same saint's name as Mantua Cathedral, establish itself as an independent nation? | [
{
"id": 365934,
"question": "Mantua Cathedral >> named after",
"answer": "Peter",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 87694,
"question": "st. #1 ’s basilica the head of the catholic religion is located in",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 64412,
"question": "when did #2 become its own country",
"answer": "11 February 1929",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| 11 February 1929 | []
| true | When did the location of the head of the catholic religion with a basilica named after the same saint as Mantua Cathedral become its own country? |
2hop__749997_96912 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Lectures on Jurisprudence",
"paragraph_text": " of Nations. The same material had also appeared as An Early Draft of Part of The Wealth of Nations and as Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nSmith’s Lectures on Jurisprudence, originally delivered at the University of Glasgow in 1762–1763, present his ‘theory of the rules by which civil government ought to be directed.’ The chief purpose of government, according to Smith, is to preserve justice; and ‘the object of justice is security from injury.’ The state must protect the individual’s right to his person, property, reputation, and social relations. Smith elsewhere specifically defines the term jurisprudence as \"the theory of general principles of law and government\". It is also defined as the general guidelines about the essence of a nation's laws. In the lectures, Smith contends that every system of law aims for, and thus jurisprudence can be divided into, \"the maintenance of justice, the provision of police in order to promote opulence, the raising of revenue, and the establishment of arms for the defence of the state\".\n\n\n=== Part I: Of Justice ===\nDivision I. Of Public Jurisprudence\nDivision II. Domestic Law\nDivision III. Private Law\n\n\n=== Part II: Of Police ===\nThe pros and cons of money, prices, and financial exchanges fall under this section of the Lectures \"since the regulation of prices and the creation of money by the state both came under the head of police.\"\n\nDivision I. Cleanliness and Security\nDivision II. Cheapness or Plenty\n\n\n=== Part III: Of Revenue ===\n\n\n=== Part IV: Of Arms ===\n\n\n=== Part V: Of the Laws of Nations ===\n\n\n== Scholarly critique ==\nAccording to William Caldwell, the lectures accomplish three goals: they detail Smith's philosophy and beliefs about economics, they explain his motivation to write about the historical origins of political societies, and they show the influence of mercantilism and Francis Hutcheson on Smith's thoughts on the political economy. In an article for Political Science Quarterly, Wilhelm Hasbach opines that Smith believed that the political economy is the foundation for morality, law, government, wealth, revenue, and arms, a position that originated from the idea of natural law. He also notes that Smith's relationship with the physiocrats is important in the Lectures and that some critics state that Smith produced the same concepts as the physiocrats on economics. Hasbach also states that Smith expands on physiocratic ideas by advocating a freedom of industry. Smith expects that industry - and also commerce - be laisser-faire and relevant to all aspects of political economics. Another scholar, C. F. Bastable, notes that Smith recognizes the need for industry for the production of wealth. Industry creates capital which is much needed in an economically viable society.\nHasbach has also written that the Lectures offer a perspective of Smith's view on property that differs from that of John Locke. Smith believes that property does not lie within the individual but rather that it ought to be shared within society. \"The individual and his labor are in no respect the ultimate source of the right of property in land: the origin of this right is in society.\" Also, according to Hasbach, Smith rejects a state of nature and the doctrine on an original contract, two ideas supported by Locke.\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms on OLL\nLectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms on archive.orgLectures on Jurisprudence, also called Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms (1763) is a collection of Adam Smith's lectures, comprising notes taken from his early lectures. It contains the formative ideas behind The Wealth of Nations.\n\n\n== Background ==\nPublished as part of the 1976 Glasgow Edition of the works and correspondence of Adam Smith. It consists of two sets of lecture notes that were apparently taken from Smith's lectures of the 1760s, along with an 'Early Draft' of The Wealth of Nations. The same material had also appeared as An Early Draft of Part of The Wealth of Nations and as Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nSmith’s Lectures on Jurisprudence, originally delivered at the University of Glasgow in 1762–1763, present his ‘theory of the rules by which civil government ought to be directed.’ The chief purpose of government, according to Smith, is to preserve justice; and ‘the object of justice is security from injury.’ The state must protect the individual’s right to his person, property, reputation, and social relations. Smith elsewhere specifically defines the term jurisprudence as \"the theory of general principles of law and government\". It is also defined as the general guidelines about the essence of a nation's laws. In the lectures, Smith contends that every system of law aims for, and thus jurisprudence can be divided into, \"the maintenance of justice, the provision of police in order to promote opulence, the raising of revenue, and the establishment of arms for the defence of the state\".\n\n\n=== Part I: Of Justice ===\nDivision I. Of Public Jurisprudence\nDivision II. Domestic Law\nDivision III. Private Law\n\n\n=== Part II: Of Police ===\nThe pros and cons of money, prices, and financial exchanges fall under this section of the Lectures \"since the regulation of prices and the creation of money by the state both came under the head of police.\"\n\nDivision I. Cleanliness and Security\nDivision II. Cheapness or Plenty\n\n\n=== Part III: Of Revenue ===\n\n\n=== Part IV: Of Arms ===\n\n\n=== Part V: Of the Laws of Nations ===\n\n\n== Scholarly critique ==\nAccording to William Caldwell, the lectures accomplish three goals: they detail Smith's philosophy and beliefs about economics, they explain his motivation to write about the historical origins of political societies, and they show the influence of mercantilism and Francis Hutcheson on Smith's thoughts on the political economy. In an article for Political Science Quarterly, Wilhelm Hasbach opines that Smith believed that the political economy is the foundation for morality, law, government, wealth, revenue, and arms, a position that originated from the idea of natural law. He also notes that Smith's relationship with the physiocrats is important in the Lectures and that some critics state that Smith produced the same concepts as the physiocrats on economics. Hasbach also states that Smith expands on physiocratic ideas by advocating a freedom of industry. Smith expects that industry - and also commerce - be laisser-faire and relevant to all aspects of political economics. Another scholar, C. F. Bastable, notes that Smith recognizes the need for industry for the production of wealth. Industry creates capital which is much needed in an economically viable society.\nHasbach has also written that the Lectures offer a perspective of Smith's view on property that differs from that of John Locke. Smith believes that property does not lie within the individual but rather that it ought to be shared within society. \"The individual and his labor are in no respect the ultimate source of the right of property in land: the origin of this right is in society.\" Also, according to Hasbach, Smith rejects a state of nature and the doctrine on an original contract, two ideas supported by Locke.\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms on OLL\nLectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms on archive.orgLectures on Jurisprudence, also called Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms (1763Lectures on Jurisprudence, also called Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms (1763) is a collection of Adam Smith's lectures, comprising notes taken from his early lectures. It contains the formative ideas behind \"The Wealth of Nations\".Lectures on Jurisprudence, also called Lectures on Justice, Police, Revenue and Arms (1763) is a collection of Adam Smith's lectures, comprising notes taken from his early lectures. It contains the formative ideas behind \"The Wealth of Nations\". Background ==\nPublished as part of the 1976 Glasgow Edition of the works and correspondence of Adam Smith. It consists of two sets of lecture notes that were apparently taken from Smith's lectures of the ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Adam Smith Prize",
"paragraph_text": "unliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on income tax.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence GeorgeThe Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice. of economics, particularly welfare economics, but also included business cycle theory, unemployment, public finance, index numbers, and measurement of national output. His reputation was affected adversely by influential economic writers who used his work as the basis on which to define their own opposing views. He reluctantly served on several public committees, including the Cunliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on income tax.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence George Scott Pigou, an army officer, and his wife Nora Biddel Frances Sophia, daughter of Sir John Lees, 3rd Baronet. He won a scholarship to Harrow School, where he was in Newlands house and became the first modern head of school. The school's economics society is named The Pigou Society in his honour. In 1896 he was admitted as a history scholar to King's College, Cambridge, where he first read history under Oscar Browning. He won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for English Verse in 1899, and the Cobden (1901), Burney (1901), and Adam Smith Prizes (1903), and made his mark in the Cambridge Union Society, of which he was President in 1900. He came to economics through the study of philosophy and ethics under the Moral Science Tripos. He studied economics under Alfred Marshall, whom he later succeeded as professor of political economy. His first and unsuccessful attempt at a fellowship of King's was a thesis on \"Browning as a Religious Teacher\".\n\n\n== Academic work ==\nPigou began lecturing on economics in 1901 and started giving the course on advanced economics to second year students on which was based the education of many Cambridge economists over the next thirty years. In his early days he lectured on a variety of subjects outside economics. He became a Fellow of King's College on his second attempt in March 1902, and was appointed Girdler's Lecturer in the summer of 1904. He devoted himself to exploring the various departments of economic doctrine, and as a result published the works on which his worldwide reputation rests. He specifically studied under Alfred Marshall and focused on normative economics. He became intrigued by welfare economics, which examines the overall benefit to society that comes from all the decisions made: those that individuals make about buying, selling and working, and those that firms make about production and employment. His first work was more philosophical than his later work, as he expanded the essay which had won him the Adam Smith Prize in 1903 into Principles and Methods of Industrial Peace.\nIn 1908 Pigou was elected Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge in succession to Alfred Marshall. He held the post until 1943.\nIn 1909 he wrote an essay in favour of Land Value Taxation, likely to be interpreted as support for Lloyd George's People's Budget. Marshall's views on the land value tax were the inspiration for his view on taxing negative externalities.\nPigou's most enduring contribution was The Economics of Welfare, 1920, in which he introduced the concept of externality and the idea that externality problems could beThe Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice.Arthur Cecil Pigou (; ",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is responsible for distributing the award named for the writer of Lectures on Jurisprudence? | [
{
"id": 749997,
"question": "Lectures on Jurisprudence >> author",
"answer": "Adam Smith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 96912,
"question": "Who gives out the #1 Prize award?",
"answer": "University of Cambridge",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
]
| University of Cambridge | [
"Cambridge"
]
| true | Who gives out the prize named after the author of Lectures on Jurisprudence? |
3hop1__90327_78276_68042 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "2010 United States House of Representatives elections",
"paragraph_text": " 29 of the 50 state governorships and gained 690 seats in state legislatures, to hold their greatest number since the 1928 elections.\nRepublicans also made historic gains in state legislatures, adding more than 675 state legislative seats, by far surpassing their state-legislative gains in 1994. Republicans gained control of dozens of state legislative chambers, and took control of \"seven more legislatures outright than they did after 1994 and the most since 1952.\" Republicans picked up control of the Alabama Legislature for the first time since Reconstruction; control of the North Carolina Senate for the first time since 1870; and control of the Minnesota Senate for the first time since the state returned to partisan elections in 1974.\nThe Great Lakes region, which until then had recently favored the Democratic Party, went strongly Republican. In California and the Pacific Northwest, however, the Democrats retained the upper hand. The biggest change in 2010 occurred in the Southeastern United States, which had previously been roughly evenly split between Democrats and Republicans for everything except for president. Just one white Democrat from the Deep South won reelection to the US House in 2010. Prior to 2010, many white conservative southerners had voted Republican for president, but Democratic for other offices.\n\n\n== Results summary ==\n\n\n=== Federal ===\n\nSources: House Clerk – Statistics of the Congressional Election, 2010\n\n\n=== Voter demographics ===\n\nSource: CNN exit poll\n\n\n=== Maps ===\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Retiring incumbents ==\n37 incumbents retired.\n\n\n=== Democrats ===\n17 incumbent Democrats retired.\n\nAlabama 7: Artur Davis: To run for Governor of Alabama.\nArkansas 1: Marion Berry: Retired due to health concerns.\nArkansas 2: Vic Snyder: Retired to spend more time with family.\nCalifornia 33: Diane Watson: Retired; \"It should be a seat inherited by someone who can represent everyone in this district.\"\nFlorida 17: Kendrick Meek: To run for U.S. Senator.\nIndiana 8: Brad Ellsworth: To run for U.S. Senator.\nKansas 3: Dennis Moore: Retired; \"Time for a new generation of leadership.\"\nLouisiana 3: Charlie Melançon: To run for U.S. Senator.\nMassachusetts 10: Bill Delahunt: Retired; \"Life is about change. I think it's healthy. It's time.\"\nMichigan 1: Bart Stupak: Retired; \"I've accomplished what I want to do.\"\nNew Hampshire 2: Paul Hodes: To run for U.S. Senator.\nPennsylvania 7: Joe Sestak: To run for U.S. Senator.\nRhode Island 1: Patrick J. Kennedy: Retired to \"[take] a new direction.\"\nTennessee 6: Bart Gordon: Retired; \"…it's time for a new chapter.\"\nTennessee 8: John S. Tanner: Retired; decided 20 years was long enough.\nWashington 3: Brian Baird: Retired, to pursue other options.\nWisconsin 7: Dave Obey:Republicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry.The 2010 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 2, 2010, as part of the 2010 midterm elections during President Barack Obama's first term in office. Voters of the 50 U.S. states chose 435 U.S. Representatives to serve in the 112th United States Congress. Also, voters of the U.S. territories, commonwealths and District of Columbia chose their non-voting delegates. U.S. Senate elections and various state and local elections wereRepublicans regained control of the chamber they had lost in the 2006 midterm elections, picking up a net total of 63 seats and erasing the gains Democrats made in 2006 and 2008. Although the sitting U.S. President's party usually loses seats in a midterm election, the 2010 election resulted in the highest loss of a party in a House midterm election since 1938, and the largest House swing since 1948. This also happened to be the Republicans' largest gain in House seats since 1938. Republicans gained the most in New York state where they picked up six seats, defeating five incumbents and winning an open Democratic district. The heavy Democratic Party losses were attributed to anger with President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act, large budget deficits and the weak economy. This was also the third consecutive midterm election in a president's first term where the Republican Party has made gains in the House of Representatives, as well as the second consecutive midterm election where party control of the said chamber changed hands. Notable freshmen included future Senators Cory Gardner, Todd Young, James Lankford, and Tim Scott, future Governor of Delaware John Carney, future Director of the Office of Management and Budget Mick Mulvaney, future Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, future Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas Tim Griffin, and future Louisiana Attorney General Jeff Landry. winning an open seat in Delaware and defeating Republican incumbents in Hawaii and Louisiana.\nThe heavy Democratic Party losses in 2010 were attributed to anger at President Obama, opposition to the Affordable Care Act and American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, large budget deficits, and the weak economy.\nThis is the last election in which Democrats won a seat in Arkansas, and the last in which Republicans won more than one seat in Maryland.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nFollowing the 2006 elections, Democrats took control of the House as well as the Senate. In the 2008 elections, which coincided with Democrat Barack Obama's victory over Republican John McCain for the presidency, Democrats increased their majorities in both chambers. Of the 435 congressional districts, 242 were carried by Obama, while 193 voted for McCain. Of the districts Obama won, 34 elected a Republican to the House, while 49 of the districts McCain won elected a Democrat.\n\n\n=== Republican gains ===\nThe Republicans' 63-seat pickup in the House to take control of that chamber, as well as their gain of six Senate seats, signified a dramatic rollback of recent Democratic gains. In the election, Republicans won their greatest number of House seats since 1946. This has been attributed to the continued economic recession, as well as President Obama's controversial stimulus and health care reform bills. Republicans also took control of 29 of the 50 state governorships and gained 690 seats in state legislatures, to hold their greatest number since the 1928 elections.\nRepublicans also made historic gains in state legislatures, adding more than 675 state legislative seats, by far surpassing their state-legislative gains in 1994. Republicans gained control of dozens of state legislative chambers, and took control of \"seven more legislatures outright than they did after 1994 and the most since 1952.\" Republicans picked up control",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Cabinet of the United States",
"paragraph_text": " created, with the earliest being closest to the president and the newest farthest away.\nThe members of the Cabinet serve at the pleasure of the president, who can dismiss them at any time without the approval of the Senate, as affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Myers v. United States (1926) or downgrade their Cabinet membership status. Often it is legally possible for a Cabinet member to exercise certain powers over his or her own department against the president's wishes, but in practice this is highly unusual due to the threat of dismissal. The president also has the authority to organize the Cabinet, such as instituting committees. Like all federal public officials, Cabinet members are also subject to impeachment by the House of Representatives and trial in the Senate for \"treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors\".\nThe Constitution of the United States does not explicitly establish a Cabinet. The Cabinet's role, inferred from the language of the Opinion Clause (Article II, Section 2, Clause 1) of the Constitution is to provide advice to the president. Additionally, the Twenty-fifth Amendment authorizes the vice president, together with a majority of the heads of the executive departments, to declare the president \"unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office\". The heads of the executive departments are—if eligible—in the presidential line of succession.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe tradition of the Cabinet arose out of the debates at the 1787 Constitutional Convention regarding whether the president would exercise executive authority solely or collaboratively with a cabinet of ministers or a privy council. As a result of the debates, the Constitution (Article II, Section 1, Clause 1) vests \"the executive power\" in the president singly, and authorizes—but does not compel—the president (Article II, Section 2, Clause 1) to \"require the Opinion, in writing, of the principalThe heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the President and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before the use of the ``nuclear option ''during the 113th US Congress, they could have been blocked by filibuster, requiring cloture to be invoked by ⁄ supermajority to further consideration). If approved, they receive their commission scroll, are sworn in and then begin their duties. designate heads of other agencies and non-Senate-confirmed members of the Executive Office of the President as members of the Cabinet.\nThe Cabinet does not have any collective executive powers or functions of its own, and no votes need to be taken. There are 26 members: the vice president, 15 department heads, and 10 Cabinet-level officials, all except two of whom require Senate confirmation. During Cabinet meetings, the members sit in the order in which their respective department was created, with the earliest being closest to the president and the newest farthest away.\nThe members of the Cabinet serve at the pleasure of the president, who can dismiss them at any time without the approval of the Senate, as affirmed by the Supreme Court of the United States in Myers v. United States (1926) or downgrade their Cabinet membership status. Often it is legally possible for a Cabinet member to exercise certain powers over his or her own department against the president's wishes, but in practice this is highly unusual due to the threat of dismissal. The president also has the authority to organize the Cabinet, such as instituting committees. Like all federal public",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Party leaders of the United States Senate",
"paragraph_text": " elected as majority leader and minority leader by the senators of their party caucuses: the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference.\nBy Senate precedent, the presiding officer gives the majority leader priority in obtaining recognition to speak on the floor of the Senate. The majority leader serves as the chief representative of their party in the Senate, and is considered the most powerful member of the Senate. They also serve as the chief representative of their party in the entire Congress if the House of Representatives, and thus the office of the speaker of the House, is controlled by the opposition party. The Senate's executive and legislative business is also managed and scheduled by the majority leader.\nThe assistant majority leader and assistant minority leader of the United States Senate, commonly called whips, are the second-ranking members of each party's leadership. The main function of the majority and minority whips is to gather votes of their respective parties on major issues. As the second-ranking members of Senate leadership, if there is no floor leader present, the whip may become acting floor leader.\n\n\n== Existing floor leaders ==\nThe Senate is composed of 49 Republicans, 47The Senate is currently composed of 51 Republicans, 47 Democrats, and 2 independents, both of whom caucus with the Democrats.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When did the dominant party that confirms US Cabinet members take over the House? | [
{
"id": 90327,
"question": "the members of american cabinet are appointed after the approval of",
"answer": "Senate",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 78276,
"question": "which party is the majority party in the #1",
"answer": "Republicans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 68042,
"question": "when did the #2 gain control of the house",
"answer": "the 2010 election",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
]
| the 2010 election | []
| true | When did the majority party in the body which approves members of the American Cabinet gain control of the House? |
2hop__555792_30351 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Friedrich Hayek",
"paragraph_text": ". His academic life was mostly spent at the London School of Economics, later at the University of Chicago, and the University of Freiburg. He is widely considered a major contributor to the Austrian School of Economics.\nHayek had considerable influence on a variety of political movements of the 20th century, and his ideas continue to influence thinkers from a variety of political backgrounds today. Although sometimes described as a conservative, Hayek himself was uncomfortable with this label and preferred to be thought of as a classical liberal. As the co-founder of the Mont Pelerin Society he contributed to the revival of classical liberalism in the post-war era. His most popular work, The Road to Serfdom, has been republished many times over the eight decades since its original publication; General Motors created a popular cartoon version.\nHayek was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour in 1984 for his academic contributions to economics. He was the first recipient of the Hanns Martin Schleyer Prize in 1984. He also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1991 from President George H. W. Bush. In 2011, his article \"The Use of Knowledge in Society\" was selected as one of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years.\n\n\n== Life ==\n\n\n=== Early life ===\nFriedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Both of his parents had Czech family surnames and Czech ancestry. The surname Hayek is the Germanized spelling of the Czech surname Hájek. Hayek traced his paternal Czech ancestry to an ancestor with the surname \"Hagek\" who came from Prague in the 1500s.\nHis father, born in 1871, also in Vienna, was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health. August was a part-time botany lecturer at the University of Vienna. Friedrich was the oldest of three brothers, Heinrich (1900–1969) and Erich (1904–1986), who were one-and-a-half and five years younger than he was.\nHis father's career as a university professor influenced Hayek's goals later in life. Both of his grandfathers, who lived long enough for Hayek to know them, were scholars. Franz von Juraschek was a leading economist in Austria-Hungary and a close friend of Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, one of the founders of the Austrian School of Economics. Hayek's paternal grandfather, Gustav Edler von Hayek, taught natural sciences at the Imperial Realobergymnasium (secondary school) in Vienna. He wrote works in the field of biological systematics, some of which are relatively well known.\nOn his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters and had known him well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although he met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials and later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. He was related to Wittgenstein on the non-Jewish side of the Wittgenstein family. Since his youth, Hayek frequently socialized with Jewish intellectuals, and he mentions that people often speculated whether he was also of Jewish ancestry. That made him curious, so he spent some time researching his ancestors and found out that he had no Jewish ancestors within five generations. \nHayek displayed an intellectual and academic bent from a very young age and read fluently and frequently before going to school. However, he did quite poorly at school, due to the lack of interest and problems with teachers. He was at the bottom of his class in most subjects and once received three failing grades, in Latin, Greek, and mathematics. He was very interested in theater, even attempting to write some tragedies, and biology, regularly helping his father with his botanical work. At his father's suggestion, as a teenager he read the genetic and evolutionary works of Hugo de Vries and August Weismann and the philosophical works of Ludwig Feuerbach. He noted Goethe as the greatest early intellectual influence. In school, Hayek was much taken by one instructor's lectures on Aristotle's ethics. In his unpublished autobiographical notes, Hayek recalled a division between him and his younger brothers who were only a few years younger than him, but he believed that they were somehow of a different generation. He preferred to associate with adults.\nIn 1917, Hayek joined an artillery regiment in the Austro-Hungarian Army and fought on the Italian front. Hayek suffered damage to his hearing in his left ear during the war and was decorated for bravery.\nHayek then decided to pursue an academic career, determined to help avoid the mistakes that had led to the war. Hayek said of his experience: \"The decisive influence was really World War I. It's bound to draw your attention to the problems of political organization\". He vowed to work for a better world.\n\n\n=== Education ===\nAt the University of Vienna, Hayek initially studied mostly philosophy, psychology and economics. The university allowed students to choose their subjects freely and there was not much obligatory written work, or tests except main exams at the end of the study. By the end of his studies Hayek became more interested in economics, mostly for financial and career reasons; he planned to combine law and economics to start a career in diplomatic service. He earned doctorates in law and political science in 1921 and 1923 respectively.\nFor a short time, when the University of Vienna closed he studied in Constantin von Monakow's Institute of Brain Anatomy, where Hayek spent much of his time staining brain cells. Hayek's time in Monakow's lab and his deep interest in the work of Ernst Mach inspired his first intellectual project, eventually published as The Sensory Order (1952). It located connective learning at the physical and neurological levels, rejecting the \"sense data\" associationism of the empiricists and logical positivists. Hayek presented his work to the private seminar he had created with Herbert Furth called the Geistkreis.\nDuring Hayek's years at the University of Vienna,During Hayek's years at the University of Vienna, Carl Menger's work on the explanatory strategy of social science and Friedrich von Wieser's commanding presence in the classroom left a lasting influence on him. Upon the completion of his examinations, Hayek was hired by Ludwig von Mises on the recommendation of Wieser as a specialist for the Austrian government working on the legal and economic details of the Treaty of Saint Germain. Between 1923 and 1924 Hayek worked as a research assistant to Prof. Jeremiah Jenks of New York University, compiling macroeconomic data on the American economy and the operations of the US Federal Reserve.",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Omnipotent Government",
"paragraph_text": "Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in Libertarian social thought and critique of statist ideology and socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in Libertarian social thought and critique of statist ideology and socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in American libertarian and right-libertarian social thought and critique of totalitarianism and state socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time, the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state, and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe Road to Serfdom\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External Links ==\nFull text (PDF)Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in American libertarian and right-libertarian social thought and critique of totalitarianism and state socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time, the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state, and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe Road to Serfdom\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External Links ==\nFull text (PDF)Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in American libertarian and right-libertarian social thought and critique of totalitarianism and state socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time, the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state, and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe Road to Serfdom\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External Links ==\nFull text (PDF)Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in American libertarian and right-libertarian social thought and critique of totalitarianism and state socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time, the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state, and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe Road to Serfdom\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External Links ==\nFull text (PDF)Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in American libertarian and right-libertarian social thought and critique of totalitarianism and state socialism, examining the rise of Nazism as an example. The book treats Nazism as a species of orthodox socialist theory. At the same time, the book offers a critique of economic interventionism, industrial central planning, the welfare state, and world government, denouncing the trends of the Western Allies towards the total state. The book was made available online by the Ludwig von Mises Institute in 2004.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe Road to Serfdom\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External Links ==\nFull text (PDF)Omnipotent Government: The Rise of the Total State and Total War is a book by Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises first published in 1944 by Yale University Press. It is one of the most influential writings in American libertarian and right-libertarian social thought and",
"is_supporting": true
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| Upon being employed by the writer of Omnipotent Government, who was Hayek serving? | [
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"id": 555792,
"question": "Omnipotent Government >> author",
"answer": "Ludwig von Mises",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
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"id": 30351,
"question": "For whom did Hayek work upon being hired by #1 ?",
"answer": "the Austrian government",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
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| the Austrian government | [
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| true | Who did Hayek work for upon being hired by the author of Omnipotent Government? |
2hop__161151_42429 | [
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"idx": 9,
"title": "French and Indian War",
"paragraph_text": " none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane. The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana.\n\n\n== Warfare ==\n\n\n=== Operational goals ===\n\nThe belligerents strove in general to control the major transportation and trade routes, not just the sea routes that connected the colonies with the mother country, or the land routes that existed between the different colonies, but also the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America. These were normally along lakes and rivers and stretching from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Many indigenous Nations lived by these routes, and became involved in the wars between the great powers of Europe. The belligerents built fortified positions at major transportation hubs and requested the help of the local indigenous population to defend these, and to attack enemy positions.\n\n\n=== European tactics ===\n\nA common view is that European combat methods and military tactics were not adapted to the American forests and to the indigenous art of war. It is therefore conjectured that the English colonists designed new combat techniques, inspired by the Indigenous combat methods. These techniques, which included cover and stressed ambushes, is supposed to have been the reason why the colonists finally defeated the French, and then the British army during the American Revolutionary War. In reality, however, the French and Indian wars were finally won by Britain through the application of traditional European tactics. The Fortress of Louisbourg surrendered twice after sieges conducted according to the rules of European warfare, and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham 1759 was a European battle fought in closed formations in the open.\n\n\n=== Petty warfare ===\nAlthough ultimately futile, the French fought according to the tactical doctrine contemporaries called la Petite guerre, or today's guerilla warfare. The numerical inferiority of the French forces in North America made it impossible to fight a war according to standard European tactics. Hence the French to a large extent made use of indigenous allies (see below). The small French population; New France's dependence on the fur trade, mutually profitable for both French and indigenous peoples; and the common threat from the British colonies, made the indigenous peoples willing allies. The Battle of the Monongahela was the largest achievement of the petty warfare tactics. But at the end of the French and Indian War British numerical superiority became overwhelming, in spite of almost the whole male population of Canada being mobilized, and standard European tactics won the day and the war.\n\n\n== European military forces ==\n\n\n=== British ===\nThe British military forces consisted of the British Army's regular regiments and independent companies; the provincial regiments raised by the several colonies in British America, and the colonial militia.\n\n\n==== British Army ====\n\nThe British Army had two types of units in North America: regular regiments serving in the colonies for a longer or shorter period of time, normally sent there only after the war had begun, and independent companies, permanently based in the colonies as garrisons of forts and fortresses. The British Army was largely recruited among the poor and the criminal classes; yet, the independent companies had lower status. Their ranks were often filled with people who had left the regular service – former soldiers mainly, but also deserters. The officers were often promoted non-commissioned officers. The independent companies became rooted in the local society, often transforming the military service into a sideline of a civilian occupation, and remaining in the colonies after expiration of the enlistment period.\n\n\n==== Provincial troops ====\n\nWhen war began, the several colonies organized their own military forces, provincial troops, through temporary enlistments. The soldiers came from the lower orders of society, which did not strengthen their reliability or efficiency. Massachusetts Bay, New York and Connecticut usually mobilized large contingents, while the southern colonies always very reluctantly contributed to the imperial cause. The British Army did not have high opinions of the battleworthiness of the provincial troops, with the exception of the ranger units. During conjoint operations the provincial troops were subject to the very strict British Articles of War. The officers of the provincial troops had lower relative rank than the officers of the regular army; a provincial field officer ranked as a senior British captain, although these officers were members of the colonial elite, often members of colonial legislatures. Disputes concerning rank and precedent between regular and provincial officers were common. Junior provincial officers were often popular militia officers, who easily could recruit a company of men.\n\n\n==== Colonial militia ====\n\nEach colony had its own militia, which in principle contained all able-bodied men 16 to 60 years of age. In reality, however, membership in the militia was restricted to the more substantial members of society, since every militiaman had to provide himself with a musket, knapsack, powder, bullets, flints, and sword. Each local community organized its own militia. The officers were either appointed by the governor or elected by the men. The main task of the local militia was local defense, rarely serving in the field but acting as a moreThe war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. France chose to cede the former, but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, along with fishing rights in the area. They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent. The contemporaneous French philosopher Voltaire referred to Canada disparagingly as nothing more than a few acres of snow. The British, for their part, were happy to take New France, as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue and also because they already had ample places from which to obtain sugar. Spain, which traded Florida to Britain to regain Cuba, also gained Louisiana, including New Orleans, from France in compensation for its losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations.TheThe war in North America officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on 10 February 1763, and war in the European theatre of the Seven Years' War was settled by the Treaty of Hubertusburg on 15 February 1763. The British offered France the choice of surrendering either its continental North American possessions east of the Mississippi or the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe and Martinique, which had been occupied by the British. France chose to cede the former, but was able to negotiate the retention of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, two small islands in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, along with fishing rights in the area. They viewed the economic value of the Caribbean islands' sugar cane to be greater and easier to defend than the furs from the continent. The contemporaneous French philosopher Voltaire referred to Canada disparagingly as nothing more than a few acres of snow. The British, for their part, were happy to take New France, as defence of their North American colonies would no longer be an issue and also because they already had ample places from which to obtain sugar. Spain, which traded Florida to Britain to regain Cuba, also gained Louisiana, including New Orleans, from France in compensation for its losses. Great Britain and Spain also agreed that navigation on the Mississippi River was to be open to vessels of all nations. War\") or refers to the wars as the Intercolonial Wars.\nAs the wars proceeded, the military advantage moved toward the British side. This was chiefly the result of the greater population and productive capacity of the British colonies compared with those of France. In addition, the British had the greater ability to resupply their colonies and project military power by sea. In the first three conflicts, the French were able to offset these factors largely by more effective mobilization of Indigenous allies, but they were finally overwhelmed in the fourth and last war.\nThe overwhelming victory of the British played a role in the eventual loss of their thirteen American colonies. Without the threat of French invasion, the American colonies saw little need for British military protection. In addition, the American people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indigenous territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War.\nThe first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used more regular troops alongside colonial militia. They returned almost none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane. The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana.\n\n\n== Warfare ==\n\n\n=== Operational goals ===\n\nThe belligerents strove",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Bison antiquus",
"paragraph_text": "2. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. calBison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.Bison antiquus, the antique bison or ancient bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in Late Pleistocene North America until around 10,000 years ago. Bison antiquus was one of the most common large herbivores in Late Pleistocene North America. It is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.\n\n\n== History of discovery ==\nThe first described remains of Bison antiquus were collected at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky in Pleistocene deposits in the 1850s and only consisted of a fragmentary posterior skull and a nearly complete horn core. The fossil (ANSP 12990) was briefly described by Joseph Leidy in 1852. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. californicus, by Samuel Rhoads in 1897, but the species is considered synonymous with B. antiquus.:��759–760�� Since the 19th century, several well preserved specimens of B. antiquus have been discovered in many parts of the United States, Canada, and southern Mexico.\n\n\n== Description ==\nB. antiquus was taller, had larger bones and horns, and was 15Bison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.ison.\n\n\n== History of discovery ==\nThe first described remains of Bison antiquus were collected at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky in Pleistocene deposits in the 1850s and only consisted of a fragmentary posterior skull and a nearly complete horn core. The fossil (ANSP 12990) was briefly described by Joseph Leidy in 1852. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. calBison antiquus, the ancient or antique bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America until around 10,000 years ago (ya). It was one of the most common large herbivores on the North American continent during the late Pleistocene, and is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.Bison antiquus, the antique bison or ancient bison, is an extinct species of bison that lived in Late Pleistocene North America until around 10,000 years ago. Bison antiquus was one of the most common large herbivores in Late Pleistocene North America. It is a direct ancestor of the living American bison.\n\n\n== History of discovery ==\nThe first described remains of Bison antiquus were collected at Big Bone Lick, Kentucky in Pleistocene deposits in the 1850s and only consisted of a fragmentary posterior skull and a nearly complete horn core. The fossil (ANSP 12990) was briefly described by Joseph Leidy in 1852. Although the original fossils were fragmentary, a complete skull of an old male was discovered in southern California and were described as a new species, B. californicus, by Samuel Rhoads in 1897, but the species is considered synonymous with B. antiquus.:��759–760��",
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| What was the conclusion date of the French and Indian War that unfolded on the same continent where bison antiquus once roamed? | [
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"id": 161151,
"question": "Where can bison antiquus be found?",
"answer": "North American",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
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"id": 42429,
"question": "When did the #1 French and Indian War end?",
"answer": "10 February 1763",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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| 10 February 1763 | []
| true | When did the French and Indian War in the continent where bison antiquus is found end? |
3hop1__743797_443779_52195 | [
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"idx": 1,
"title": "Alas people",
"paragraph_text": "duck\".\n\n\n== Systematics ==\nThe genus Anas was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. Anas is the Latin word for a duck. The genus formerly included additional species. In 2009 a large molecular phylogenetic study was published that compared mitochondrial DNA sequences from ducks, geese and swans in the family Anatidae. The results confirmed some of the conclusions of earlier smaller studies and indicated that the genus as then defined was non-monophyletic. Based on the results of this study, Anas was split into four proposed monophyletic genera withThe Alas people are an ethnic group that inhabits Southeast Aceh Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. They speak the Alas language, which is related to the Batak languages.AnThe Alas people are an ethnic group that inhabits Southeast Aceh Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. They speak the Alas language, which is related to the Batak languages. of a molecular phylogenetic study in 2009 the genus was split into four separate genera. The genus now contains 31 living species. The name Anas is the Latin for \"duck\".\n\n\n== Systematics ==\nThe genus Anas was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. Anas is the Latin word for a duck. The genus formerly included additional species. In 2009 a large molecular phylogenetic study was published that compared mitochondrial DNA sequences from ducks, geese and swans in the family Anatidae. The results confirmed some of the conclusions of earlier smaller studies and indicated that the genus as then defined was non-monophyletic. Based on the results of this study, Anas was split into four proposed monophyletic genera withThe Alas people are an ethnic group that inhabits Southeast Aceh Regency, Aceh, Indonesia. They speak the Alas language, which is related to the Batak languages.Anas is a genus of dabbling ducks. It includes the pintails, most teals, and the mallard and its close relatives. It formerly included additional species but following the publication of a molecular phylogenetic study in 2009 the genus was split into four separate genera. The genus now contains 31 living species. The name Anas is the Latin for \"duck\".\n\n\n== Systematics ==\nThe genus Anas was introduced by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae. Anas is the Latin word for a duck. The genus formerly included additional species. In 2009 a large molecular phylogenetic study was published that compared mitochondrial DNA sequences from ducks, geese and swans in the family Anatidae. The results confirmed some of the conclusions of earlier smaller studies and indicated that the genus as then defined was non-monophyletic. Based on the results of this study, Anas was split into four proposed monophyletic genera with five species including the wigeons transferred to the resurrected genus Mareca, ten species including the shovelers and some teals transferred to the resurrected genus Spatula and the Baikal teal placed in the monotypic genus Sibirionetta.\n\n\n=== Species ===\nThere are 31 extant species recognised in the genus:\n\nExtinct Species\n\n†Mariana mallard, Anas oustaleti\n†Mascarene teal, Anas theodori\n†Chatham Island Duck, Anas chathamica\nFormerly placed in Anas:\n\nBronze-winged duck, Speculanas specularis\nCrested duck, Lophonetta specularioides\n",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "East Timor",
"paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica Regency, with its capital at Liquica, consisted of Liquica, Bazar-Tete, and Maubara districts.\nErmera Regency, with its capital at Gleno, consisted of Ermera, Atsabe, Hatolia, Lete-Foho, and Railaco districts.\nAileu Regency, with its capital at Aileu, consisted of Aileu, Remexio, Laulara, and Lequidoe districts.\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\n1999 East Timorese crisis\nEast Timor–Indonesia relations\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nReport of CAVR — Chega!\nETAN.org: East Timor Action Network\nETAN.org: Articles and reports − 1991 to 1996East Timor (Indonesian: Timor Timur) was a province of Indonesia between 1976 and 1999, during the Indonesian occupation of the country. Its territory corresponded to the previous Portuguese Timor and to the present-day independent country of East Timor.\nFrom 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, called \"Portuguese Timor\". In 1974, Portugal initiated a gradual decolonisation process of its remaining overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict between the different Timorese parties erupted. Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 and formally annexed the territory in 1976, declaring it Indonesia's 27th province and renaming it \"Timor Timur\". The UnitedDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship",
"paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East TimThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nEast Timor was originally colonized by the Portuguese, and remained a colony up until the fall of the military dictatorship in 1974. East Timor declared independence soon afterwards, but Indonesia soon decided to intervene as it became clear that the government of the new state would most likely be leftist. The Indonesian government began Operation Komodo, which was intended to bring about the integration of the East Timorese territory. It began with a propaganda campaign, but after the outbreak of conflict in East Timor, the Indonesian military began a campaign on 7 October starting with an assault on a border post and accumulating with a full-scale invasion utilizing paratroopers and naval support. The United Nations quickly condemned the invasion via resolution, but due to resistance in the Security council, no further action was taken. The United States also tacitly gave their approval, as the dismantling of a pro-communist government helped advance the policy of containment being pursued by the government.\nIndonesia occupied the territory for the following two decades. During the administration of the Habibie government, a referendum was held in the occupied area asking if the residents of the area wished to remain a part of Indonesia. Even before the referendum, there was harassment by militia groups in the area, with UN workers being attacked in Maliana. It soon became clear in the wake of the referendum that the referendum result would be overwhelmingly in favor of the \"no\" option",
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| Can you identify the president of the recently proclaimed sovereign nation that founded the Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship in the nation where the Alas region is located? | [
{
"id": 743797,
"question": "Alas >> country",
"answer": "Indonesia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 443779,
"question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country",
"answer": "East Timor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 52195,
"question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2",
"answer": "Francisco Guterres",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Francisco Guterres | []
| true | Who is the president of the newly declared independent country, that established the Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country where the Alas is found? |
2hop__648648_173389 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Greengate, Greater Manchester",
"paragraph_text": "M24, Middleton).\nBritish aircraft manufacturer Avro, later BAE Chadderton, built a factory at Greengate in 1938–39. It was one of the largest employers in the area. The BAE factory was closed in 2012 and purchased later that year by NOV (formerly National Oilwell Varco), an American multinational working in oil and gas.\n\n\n== Transport ==\nStagecoach Manchester provides the following bus services along Greengate -\n112/113 - to Middleton via Middleton Junction and to Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n114 - to Middleton via Alkrington and Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n294 offers two early morning one way services to the Trafford Centre via Moston, Cheetham Hill and Salford Quays.\nManchester Community Transport operates service 159 to Middleton via Middleton Junction and Tonge and to Oldham via New Moston, Failsworth and Chadderton.\n\n\n== References ==Greengate is an industrial district in the town of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester.\nIt is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.\nFor postal purposes Greengate lies within the Manchester postal district (M24, Middleton).\nBritish aircraft manufacturer Avro, later BAE Chadderton, built a factory at Greengate in 1938–39. It was one of the largest employers in the area. The BAE factory was closed in 2012 and purchased later that year by NOV (formerly National Oilwell Varco), an American multinational working in oil and gas.\n\n\n== Transport ==\nStagecoach Manchester provides the following bus services along Greengate -\n112/113 - to Middleton via Middleton Junction and to Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n114 - to Middleton via Alkrington and Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n294 offers two early morning one way services to the Trafford Centre via Moston, Cheetham Hill and Salford Quays.\nManchester Community Transport operates service 159 to Middleton via Middleton Junction and Tonge and to Oldham via New Moston, Failsworth and Chadderton.\n\n\n== References ==Greengate is an industrial district in the town of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester.\nIt is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.\nFor postal purposes Greengate lies within the Manchester postal district (M24, Middleton).\nBritish aircraft manufacturer Avro, later BAE Chadderton, built a factory at Greengate in 1938–39. It was one of the largest employers in the area. The BAE factory was closed in 2012 and purchased later that year by NOV (formerly National Oilwell Varco), an American multinational working in oil and gas.\n\n\n== Transport ==\nStagecoach Manchester provides the following bus services along Greengate -\n112/113 - to Middleton via Middleton Junction and to Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n114 - to Middleton via Alkrington and Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n294 offers two early morning one way services to the Trafford Centre via Moston, Cheetham Hill and Salford Quays.\nManchester Community Transport operates service 159 to Middleton via Middleton Junction and Tonge and to Oldham via New Moston, Failsworth and Chadderton.\n\n\n== References ==Greengate is an industrial district in the town of Chadderton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester.\nIt is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.\nFor postal purposes Greengate lies within the Manchester postal district (M24, Middleton).\nBritish aircraft manufacturer Avro, later BAE Chadderton, built a factory at Greengate in 1938–39. It was one of the largest employers in the area. The BAE factory was closed in 2012 and purchased later that year by NOV (formerly National Oilwell Varco), an American multinational working in oil and gas.\n\n\n== Transport ==\nStagecoach Manchester provides the following bus services along Greengate -\n112/113 - to Middleton via Middleton Junction and to Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n114 - to Middleton via Alkrington and Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n294 offers two early morning one way services to the Trafford Centre via Moston, Cheetham Hill and Salford Quays.\nManchester Community Transport operates service 159 to Middleton via Middleton Junction and Tonge and to Oldham via New Moston, FailsworthIt is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.GIt is located in the south west of Chadderton, close to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south. to the town's common borders with Middleton to the west and Moston in the City of Manchester which lies to the south.\nFor postal purposes Greengate lies within the Manchester postal district (M24, Middleton).\nBritish aircraft manufacturer Avro, later BAE Chadderton, built a factory at Greengate in 1938–39. It was one of the largest employers in the area. The BAE factory was closed in 2012 and purchased later that year by NOV (formerly National Oilwell Varco), an American multinational working in oil and gas.\n\n\n== Transport ==\nStagecoach Manchester provides the following bus services along Greengate -\n112/113 - to Middleton via Middleton Junction and to Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n114 - to Middleton via Alkrington and Manchester City Centre via Moston and Collyhurst.\n294 offers two early morning one way services to the Trafford Centre via Moston, Cheetham Hill and Salford Quays.\nManchester Community Transport operates service 159 to Middleton via Middleton",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Broadhurst Park",
"paragraph_text": " Park was completed with a capacity of 4,400 in May 2015. The opening match was a friendly between F.C. United and Benfica B on 29 May 2015. F.C. United played host to Stockport County in their first ever competitive league match at Broadhurst Park on 11 August 2015.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== F.C. United ===\nF.C. United were formed in 2005 by a group of Manchester United supporters following the club's controversial takeover by Malcolm Glazer which led to hundreds of supporters defecting from the club. Without a stadium of their own they agreed to use Bury's Gigg Lane stadium, but the agreement continued at the cost of approximately £5,000 perBroadhurst Park is a football ground in Moston, Manchester, England. It is the home of F.C. United of Manchester and Moston Juniors F.C. The ground was known by its project name, Moston Community Stadium, before being changed at a members' meeting in 2014.BBroadhurst Park is a football ground in Moston, Manchester, England. It is the home of F.C. United of Manchester and Moston Juniors F.C. The ground was known by its project name, Moston Community Stadium, before being changed at a members' meeting in 2014.F.C. United formed in 2005, and aimed to construct a ground in Manchester by 2012. After plans for an initial site collapsed, the development of a new ground in Moston was announced. A protracted planning process followed, and construction began in November 2013. Broadhurst Park was completed with a capacity of 4,400 in May 2015. The opening match was a friendly between F.C. United and Benfica B on 29 May 2015. F.C. United played host to Stockport County in their first ever competitive league match at Broadhurst Park on 11 August 2015.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== F.C. United ===\nF.C. United were formed in 2005 by a group of Manchester United supporters following the club's controversial takeover by Malcolm Glazer which led to hundreds of supporters defecting from the club. Without a stadium of their own they agreed to use Bury's Gigg Lane stadium, but the agreement continued at the cost of approximately £5,000 perBroadhurst Park is",
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| With which town does the city housing Broadhurst Park share a boundary? | [
{
"id": 648648,
"question": "Broadhurst Park >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Moston",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 173389,
"question": "#1 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Middleton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| Middleton | []
| true | The city which contains Broadhurst Park shares a border with what town? |
2hop__283298_22402 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Marie Theres Fögen",
"paragraph_text": " am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a GermanMarie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught Law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting Professor) and was Director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.MMarie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught Law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting Professor) and was Director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a GermanMarie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught Law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting Professor) and was Director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as visiting professor) and was director of the Max Planck Institute for European History of Law in Frankfurt am Main.\n\n\n== References ==Marie Theres Fögen (10 October 1946 in Lüdinghausen, West Germany – 18 January 2008 in Zürich, Switzerland) was a German jurist and historian. She taught law at the University of Zurich and Harvard University (as",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Switzerland",
"paragraph_text": "Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and also performs highly on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living.\nSwitzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition for their watchmaking and chocolate production.\nIt has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation (\"nation of volition\") rather than a nation state. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by multiple native names: Schweiz [����va��ts] (German); Suisse [s��is(ə)] (French); Svizzera [��zvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [����vi��tsr��, ����vi��ts����] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, Confoederatio Helvetica—frequently shortened to \"Helvetia\"—is used instead of the spoken languages.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer, an obsolete term for a Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land. The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätte cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for \"Confederates\", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica (Helvetic Confederation).\nThe toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, perhaps related to swedan 'to burn' (cf. Old Norse svíða 'to singe, burn'), referring to the area of forest that was burned and cleared to build. The name was extended to the areaThere are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (f",
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| What is the number of students enrolled in the university where Marie Theres Fögen works? | [
{
"id": 283298,
"question": "Marie Theres Fögen >> employer",
"answer": "University of Zurich",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 22402,
"question": "How many students attend #1 ?",
"answer": "nearly 25,000",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
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| nearly 25,000 | [
"University of Zurich"
]
| true | How many students attend the university employing Marie Theres Fögen? |
2hop__51760_602275 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Evelyn Einstein",
"paragraph_text": "velyn Einstein (March 28, 1941 – April 13, 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein. She graduated from University of California, Berkeley with a master's degree in literature, and had several jobs in her life including animal control officer, cult deprogrammer, and reserve police officer in Berkeley, California.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nEinstein was born in Chicago; after her birth she was adopted by Hans Albert Einstein. Towards the end of her life, she asserted that she was an illegitimate daughter of Albert Einstein and a ballet dancer; however, she had no documentation supporting this claim. She obtained a Master's degree in Medieval literature at University of California, Berkeley. She was married to Grover Krantz for 13 years from 1964 to about 1977. She then worked briefly as an animal control officer, as a cult deprogrammer, and as a Berkeley, California, reserve police officer.\nAs an 18-year-old college student in 1960, Einstein was the only person with a recognized name among the dozens of people arrested in San Francisco at a peaceful protest against the House Un-American Activities Committee.\nAfter her divorce, she stated that she was impoverished. She claims that she was homeless, she slept in cars, scrounged for discarded food and described herself as a dumpster-diver for three months. From the mid-1990s up to her death in 2011, she lived in her own townhouse in Albany, California with a view of the San Francisco Bay.\nEvelyn told CNN she was outraged she had not received a dime out of the millions of dollars earned annually from her grandfather's likeness, with all profits going to Hebrew University of Jerusalem. While Albert Einstein bestowed the literary rights for the more than 75,000 papers and other items in his estate, Evelyn asked \"What does a bobblehead have to do with a literary estate?\" adding \"It's hard for me to believe they would treat the family the way they have, which has been abysmally.\" In 1996 she sued the trustee in charge of a collection of correspondence between Albert and Mileva Einstein, a suit that was settled privately.\nShe left her entire estate valued over a million dollars to attorney Allen P. Wilkinson.\n\n\n== Publications ==\nWith Marfe Ferguson Delano: Genius: A Photobiography of Albert Einstein. National Geographic Children's Books, 2005, ISBN 0-7922-9544-7.\nIntroduction of: Alice Calaprice (editor); Robert Schulmann (contributor). Dear Professor Einstein: Albert Einstein's Letters to and from Children. Prometheus Books, 2002. ISBN 978-1591020158\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n=== Citations ===\n\n\n=== Sources ===\n\"Evelyn Einstein: Eine uneheliche Tochter? Evelyn Einstein, die Adoptiv-Tochter des Einstein-Sohnes Hans Albert, spielte eine wichtige Rolle bei der Beschaffung der frühen Liebesbriefe von Albert und Mileva. Ob sie selbst in Wahrheit ein uneheliches Kind von Albert Einstein ist, bleibt ungeklärt\". mensch–einstein.de. March 24, 2005.\n\"Personalien: Evelyn Einstein\". Der Spiegel. February 21, 2011. p. Nr. 8.\nDinkelspiel, Frances (May 5, 2011). \"Saving the history of the Berkeley Police Department\". Berkeleyside. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015.\nDonaldson James, Susan (April 20, 2011). \"Evelyn Einstein Died in Squalor, Despite Grandfather's Riches\". ABC News.\nHoller, Madeline (February 11, 2011). \"Granddaughter of Albert Einstein Wants a Cut in Bobblehead Profits\". blogs.babble.com.\nMartin, Douglas (April 18, 2011). \"Evelyn Einstein Dies at 70; Shaped by a Link to Fame\". The New York Times.\nRees, Mary (May 13, 2011). \"Granddaughter of Albert Einstein Remembered Fondly in Albany: Albany resident Evelyn Einstein passed away last month\". AlbanyPatch.\nRees, Mary (June 18, 2011). \"Evelyn Einstein, R.I.P.? The death of Albany resident Evelyn Einstein, granddaughter of Albert Einstein, was followed by confusion and some conflict\". AlbanyPatch.\nSanides, Silvia (December 20, 2004). \"Adoptiv-Enkelin oder Tochter? Evelyn Einstein rätselt, in welchem verwandtschaftlichen Verhältnis sie zu Albert Einstein wirklich steht. Womöglich sollte ihre Adoption einen Skandal vertuschen\". Focus.\nSanides, Silvia (December 20, 2004). \"Einstein: Adoptiv-Enkelin angeblich uneheliche Tochter\". Focus.\nTracy, Marc (April 21, 2011). \"Evelyn Einstein, Granddaughter, 70\". Tablet: A New Read on Jewish Life.\nZackheim, Michele. \"Children of a Lesser God: For the offspring of a science deity, the legacy is more burden than blessing\". Discover Magazine (March 2008).\n\n\n== External links ==\nEvelyn Einstein Memorial. With contributions of Evamaria Erdpohl, Elizabeth Migliore, Robert Schulmann, Jon Ruth, Jerry Richard, Kennan Kellaris Salinero, George Klein, Ada Rusinek Klein and Allen P. Wilkinson.\nRelics: Einstein's Brain, Part 4 on YouTube with Evelyn Einstein, BBC, 1994 (she is interviewed at her home by the Japanese professor Kenji Sugimoto)\nEvelyn Einstein, Albert's granddaughter 50 yrs after @ HUAC protest on FlickrEvelyn Einstein (March 28, 1941 – April 13, 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein. She graduated from University of California, Berkeley with a master's degree in literature, and had several jobs in her life including animal control officer, cult deprogrammer, and reserve policeEvelyn Einstein (28 March 1941 – 13 April 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein.Evelyn Einstein (28 March 1941 – 13 April 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein.Evelyn Einstein (March 28, 1941 – April 13, 2011) was the adopted daughter of Hans Albert Einstein, the son of Albert Einstein. She graduated from University of California, Berkeley with a master's degree in literature, and had several jobs in her life including animal control officer, cult deprogrammer, and reserve police officer in Berkeley, California",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Mr. Peabody & Sherman",
"paragraph_text": " with his longtime producing partner Jason Clark. It is the firstIn addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) andIn addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri Fraser), Maximilien de Robespierre (Guillaume Aretos), George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Bill Clinton, Isaac Newton (all voiced by Jess Harnell), Odysseus (Tom McGrath), Ajax the Lesser (Al Rodrigo) and Spartacus (Walt Dohrn). There are also cameos with no words by Benjamin Franklin, Mahatma Gandhi, William Shakespeare, Ludwig van Beethoven, Vincent van Gogh, the Wright Brothers, Jackie Robinson and baby Moses. Ariel Winter, Stephen Colbert, Leslie Mann, and Allison Janney. In the film, Mr. Peabody (Burrell) and his adoptive human son Sherman (Charles) use the WABAC to embark on time travel adventures. When Sherman accidentally rips a hole by taking the WABAC without permission to impress Penny Peterson (Winter), they must find themselves to repair history and save the future.\nThe film was originally planned as a live-action/CG film until it was redeveloped into a fully computer-animated film in 2006 when Minkoff joined DreamWorks Animation to direct an adaptation. Andrew Kurtzman was set to write the screenplay, based on the pitch, developed by Minkoff with his longtime producing partner Jason Clark. It is the firstIn addition to Leonardo da Vinci, King Agamemnon, and King Tut, the film features other historical figures including Albert Einstein (Mel Brooks), Mona Lisa (Lake Bell), Marie Antoinette (Lauri",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who did Mel Brooks' character have as a child in Mr. Peabody and Sherman? | [
{
"id": 51760,
"question": "who did mel brooks play in mr peabody and sherman",
"answer": "Albert Einstein",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 602275,
"question": "#1 >> child",
"answer": "Hans Albert Einstein",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| Hans Albert Einstein | []
| true | Who was the child of the person that Mel Brooks played in Mr. Peabody and Sherman? |
3hop2__132957_295815_40768 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Acura Legend",
"paragraph_text": "-eating beings or demons), Bhutas (ghosts) and many more. Asuras have been featured in many cosmological theories and legends in Hinduism and Buddhism.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\n\n=== Traditional etymologies ===\nAsura is a given name by Devas to other races collectively as Asura means not-sura, where sura is another name for Devas.\nThe 5th century Buddhist philosopher, Buddhaghosa explains that their name derives from the myth of their defeat at the hands of the god Śakra. According to the story, the asura were dispossessed of their state in Trāyastri���śa because they became drunk and were thrown down Mount Sumeru. After this incident, they vowed never to drink sura again. In some Buddhist literature, they are sometimes referred to as pūrvadeva (Pāli: pubbadeva), meaning \"ancient gods.\"\n\n\n=== Modern theories ===\nMonier-Williams traces the etymological roots of asura (��सुर) to asu (��सु), which means 'life of the spiritual world' or 'departed spirits'.\nIn the oldest verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, the Asuras are any spiritual, divine beings including those with good or bad intentions, and constructive or destructive inclinations or nature. In later verses of the Samhita layer of Vedic texts, Monier Williams states the Asuras are \"evil spirits, demons and opponents of the gods\". Asuras connote the chaos-creating evil, in Indo-Iranian mythology about the battle between good and evil.\nAccording to Finnish Indologist Asko Parpola, the word Asura was borrowed from Proto-Indo-Aryan into Proto-Uralic during an early period of contact, in the form *asera-, showing a meaning \"lord, prince\".\n\n\n== In Hindu literature ==\n\n\n=== Rig Veda ===\nBhargava states the word, asura, including its variants, asurya and asura, occurs \"88 times in the Rig Veda, 71 times in the singular number, 4 times in the dual, 10 times in the plural, and 3 times as the first member of a compound. In this, the feminine form, asuryaa, is included twice. The word, asurya, has been used 19 times as an abstract noun, while the abstract form asuratva occurs 24 times, 22 times in one hymn and twice each in two other hymns\".\nBhargava gives a count of the word use for every Vedic deity: Asura is used as an adjective meaning \"powerful\" or \"mighty\". In the Rig Veda, two generous kings – as well as some priests – have been described as asuras. One hymn requests a son who is an asura. In nine hymns, Indra is described as asura. He is said to possess asurya 5 times, and once he is said to possess asuratva. Agni has total of 12 asura descriptions, Varuna has 10, Mitra has 8, and Rudra has 6. Book 1 of the Rig Veda describes Savitr (Vedic solar deity) as an asura who is a \"kind leader\".\n\n\n=== Samaveda ===\nIn the Jaiminya (3.35.3), one of three recensions of the SamaVeda, the term 'Asura' is stated to be derived from 'rests' (��ram) in the vital airs (asu), i.e. 'Asu' + 'ram' = 'Asuram' (Asura); this is in reference to the mind being 'asura[-like]'.\n\n\n=== Mahabharata ===\nAccording to the Bhagavad Gita (16.6-16.7), all beings in the universe have both the divine qualities (daivi sampad) and the demonic qualities (asuri sampad) within each. The sixteenth chapter of the Bhagavad Gita states that pure god-like saints are rare and pure demon-like evil are rare among human beings, and the bulk of humanity is multi-charactered with a few or many faults. According to Jeaneane Fowler, the Gita states that desires, aversions, greed, needs, emotions in various forms \"are facets of ordinary lives\", and it is only when they turn to lust, hate, cravings, arrogance, conceit, anger, harshness, hypocrisy, cruelty and such negativity- and destruction-inclined that natural human inclinations metamorphose into something demonic (Asura).\n\n\nThe Acura Legend is a mid-size luxury/executive car manufactured by Honda. It was sold in the U.S., Canada, and parts of China under Honda's luxury brand, Acura, from 1985 to 1995, as both a sedan, which was classified as a full-size car, and a coupe, which was classified as a mid-size car (similar to how the Honda Accord is set up today). It was the first flagship sedan sold under the Acura nameplate, until being renamed in 1996 as the Acura 3.5RL. The 3.5RL was the North American version of the KA9 series Honda Legend.",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 8,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War. In an effort that was led by Faisal of Saudi Arabia, the initial countries that OAPEC targeted were Canada, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. This list was later expanded to include Portugal, Rhodesia, and South Africa. In March 1974, OAPEC lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3)",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Toyopet Master",
"paragraph_text": "1954. One seemingly retrograde step was moving from the RH's four-speed to a three-speed transmission (although the new unit was fully synchronized), but Japanese buyers at the time associated the need for many gears with weak engines.\nThe Master sedan was partially replaced with the smaller Toyota Corona in 1957, at a new Toyota Japanese dealership called Toyopet Store. The RR Master's body panels were used in cut-down form as an economical and fast way to design this new ST10 Corona. Production facilities for the Master were transferred to the Crown. In 1995, Toyota revisited the approach of a commercial grade Crown sedan, designed primarily for taxi usage, and introduced the Toyota Comfort which is still in production, with prolific usage across Asia.\n\n\n== Masterline (RR) ==\nThe Toyopet Master range also included the Masterline RR16 pickup, the Masterline RR17 van and the later Masterline RR19 double pickup (with two rows of seats). They were introduced in November 1955, originally only as a single-cab pickup and a van. These replaced the SG commercial models and were the first car-based trucks to enter production in Japan. The chassis were built at Toyota's main Aichi plant and then transported overland to Kanto Auto Works in Yokosuka, where the bodies were assembled mainly by hand. The double pickup was added in August 1956, around which time the engine was upgraded to provide 55 PS (40 kW). By 1958, power had been increased again, reaching 58 PS (43 kW). The double cab pickup was built by Central Motor Co., who kept building this bodystyle of succeeding generations until December 1970. The double-cab could seat six people with a maximum cargo load of 500 kg (1,100 lb), but was subject to the lower tax applied to commercial vehicles, making it popular with construction firms and the like.\nThe Masterline commercial models were carried over after the discontinuation of the Master. In 1957 the light van was lightly changed and was now fully glazed, rather than having pressed steel in the rear side windows. The first generation Masterlines were built until replaced by a new Crown-based generation in March 1959, for the Toyota Store sales channel. A total of 19,400 Master and Masterlines (excluding the Central MotorsThe Toyopet Master range also included the Masterline RR16 pickup, the Masterline RR17 van and the Masterline RR19 double pickup (with two rows of seats). They were introduced in November 1955, originally only as a single-cab pickup and a van. The double pickup was added in August 1956, around which time the engine was upgraded to provide . These replaced the SG commercial models and were the first car-based trucks to enter production in Japan. The Masterline commercial models were carried over after the discontinuation of the Master. They were built until replaced by a new Crown-based Masterline in March 1959, for the Toyota Store sales channel. A smaller Coronaline version was also developed to be sold through Toyopet dealers. ==\nIn 1955 Toyota wasn't sure if its independent front coil suspension and the rear-hinged back doors installed on the Crown wouldn't be too radical for the taxi market to accept. When sales of the Crown proved satisfying, the Master sedan was discontinued in November 1956. The Master's body was built by Toyota's Kanto Auto Works subcontractor",
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}
]
| When did the companies that produced the Acura Legend, Toyopet Master, and Nissan launch their assembly factories in the United States? | [
{
"id": 132957,
"question": "Who made Acura Legend?",
"answer": "Honda",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 295815,
"question": "Toyopet Master >> manufacturer",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 40768,
"question": "When did #1 , #2 and Nissan open US assembly plants?",
"answer": "1981",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| 1981 | []
| true | When did the maker of the Acura Legend, the manufacturer of Toyopet Master, and Nissan open US assembly plants? |
3hop1__21282_692112_236857 | [
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Angela Merkel",
"paragraph_text": "U than the grand coalition. In the 2013 federal election, the CDU won a landslide victory and formed a second grand coalition with the SPD, after the FDP lost all of its representation in the Bundestag. In the 2017 federal election, Merkel led the CDU to become the largest party for the fourth time, resulting in the formation of a third grand coalition with the SPD.\nIn foreign policy, Merkel emphasised international cooperation, both in the context of the EU and NATO, and the strengthening of transatlantic economic relations. In 2008, Merkel served as president of the European Council and played a central role in the negotiation of the Treaty of Lisbon and the Berlin Declaration. Merkel's governments managed the global 2007–2008 financial crisis and the European debt crisis. She negotiated the 2008 European Union stimulus plan, which focused on infrastructure spending and public investment to counteract the Great Recession. In domestic policy, Merkel's Energiewende program supported the development of renewable energy sources and eventually phased out the use of nuclear power in Germany. Reforms to the Bundeswehr, health care reform, the 2010s European migrant crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic were major issues during her chancellorship. Merkel stepped down as leader of the CDU in 2018 and did not seek a fifth term as chancellor in the 2021 federal election.\n\n\n== Background and early life ==\n\nMerkel was born Angela Dorothea Kasner in 1954, in Hamburg, West Germany, the daughter of Horst Kasner (1926–2011; né Kaźmierczak), a Lutheran pastor and a native of Berlin, and his wife Herlind (1928–2019; née Jentzsch), born in Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland), a teacher of English and Latin. She has two younger siblings, Marcus Kasner, a physicist, and Irene Kasner, an occupational therapist. In her childhood and youth, Merkel was known among her peers by the nickname \"Kasi\", derived from her last name Kasner.\nMerkel is of German and Polish descent. Her paternal grandfather, Ludwik Kasner, was a German policeman of Polish ethnicity. After being captured in France during World War I, he joined the Blue Army and likely fought against Germany. He married Merkel's grandmother Margarethe, a German from Berlin, and relocated to her hometown where he again worked in the police. In 1930, they Germanised the Polish name Kaźmierczak to Kasner. Merkel's maternal grandparents were the Danzig politician Willi Jentzsch and Gertrud Alma (née Drange), a daughter of the city clerk of Elbing (now Elbląg, Poland) Emil Drange. Since the mid-1990s, Merkel has publicly mentioned her Polish heritage on several occasions and described herself as a quarter Polish, but her Polish roots became better known as a result of a 2013 biography.\nReligion played a key role in the Kasner family's migration from West Germany to East Germany. Merkel's paternal grandfather was originally Catholic but the entire family converted to Lutheranism during the childhood of her father, who later studied Lutheran theology in Heidelberg and Hamburg. In 1954, when Angela was just three months old, her father received a pastorate at the church in Quitzow (a district of Perleberg in Brandenburg), which was then in East Germany. The family moved to Templin and Merkel grew up in the countryside 90 km (56 mi) north of East Berlin.\nIn 1968, Merkel joined the Free German Youth (FDJ), the official communist youth movement sponsored by the ruling Marxist–Leninist Socialist Unity Party of Germany. Membership was nominally voluntary, but those who did not join found it difficult to gain admission to higher education. She did not participate in the secular coming-of-age ceremony Jugendweihe, however, which was common in East Germany. Instead, she was confirmed. During this time, she participated in several compulsory courses on Marxism–Leninism, with her grades only being regarded as \"sufficient\". Merkel later said that \"Life in the GDR was sometimes almost comfortable in a certain way, because there were some things one simply couldn't influence.\" Merkel learned to speak Russian fluently at school, and she was awarded prizes for her proficiency in Russian and mathematics, being at the top of her class in these subjects. She completed her school education with the best possible average Abitur grade of 1.0.\n\n\n== Academic career ==\nMerkel continued her education at Karl Marx University, Leipzig, where she studied physics from 1973 to 1978. While a student, she participated in the reconstruction of the ruin of the Moritzbastei, a project students initiated to create their own club and recreation facility on campus. Such an initiative was unprecedented in the GDR of that period, and initially resisted by the university. With backing of the local leadership of the SED party, the project was allowed to proceed.\nNear the end of her studies, Merkel sought an assistant professorship at an engineering school. As a condition for getting the job, Merkel was told she would need to agree to report on her colleagues to officers of the Stasi. Merkel declined, using the excuse that she could not keep secrets well enough to be an effective spy.\nMerkel worked and studied at the Central Institute for Physical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences in Berlin-Adlershof from 1978 to 1990. At first, she and her husband squatted in Mitte. At the Academy of Sciences, she became a member of its FDJ secretariat. According to her former colleagues, she openly propagated Marxism as the secretary for \"Agitation and Propaganda\". However, Merkel has denied this claim and stated that she was secretary for culture, which involved activities like obtaining theatre tickets and organising talks by visiting Soviet authors. She stated: \"I can only rely on my memory, if something turns out to be different, I can live with that.\"\nAfter being awarded a doctorate (Dr. rer. nat.) for her thesis on quantum chemistry in 1986, she worked as a researcher and published several academic papers. In 1986, she was able to travel freely to West Germany to attend a congress; she also participated in a multi-week language course in Donetsk, in the then-Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.\n\n\n== Early political career ==\n\n\n=== 1989–1990: German reunification ===\n\nThe fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989 served as the catalyst for Merkel's political career. Although she did not participate in the crowd celebrations the night the wall came down, one month later Merkel became involved in the growing democracy movement, joining the new party Demokratischer Aufbruch (DA, or in English \"Democratic Beginning\"). Party Leader Wolfgang Schnur appointed her as press spokeswoman of the party in February 1990. However, Schnur was revealed to have served as an \"informal co-worker\" for the Stasi just a few weeks ahead of the first (and only) multi-party election in 1990 and wasMerkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany and moved to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, and briefly served as a deputy spokesperson for the first democratically elected East German Government headed by Lothar de Maizière in 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and has been reelected ever since. As the protégée of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as the Federal Minister for Women and Youth in Kohl's government in 1991, and became the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After her party lost the federal election in 1998, Merkel was elected Secretary-General of the CDU before becoming the party's first female leader two years later in the aftermath of a donations scandal that toppled Wolfgang Schäuble.AMerkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany and moved to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, and briefly served as a deputy spokesperson for the first democratically elected East German Government headed by Lothar de Maizière in 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and has been reelected ever since. As the protégée of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as the Federal Minister for Women and Youth in Kohl's government in 1991, and became the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After her party lost the federal election in 1998, Merkel was elected Secretary-General of the CDU before becoming the party's first female leader two years later in the aftermath of a donations scandal that toppled Wolfgang Schäuble. government of East Germany led by Lothar de Maizière. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. As the protégée of chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as Minister for Women and Youth in 1991, later becoming Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)",
"paragraph_text": " It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline \"Why It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial assertedThe Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as \"frogs\", \"krauts\" or \"hun\". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded \"le Worm\". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline \"I'm Big in the Bumdestag\" (17 April 2006).",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Women's football in East Germany",
"paragraph_text": "In the GDR women's football clubs existed since the late 1960s. While local leagues existed since 1970 a national championship was first held in 1979 and a cup was incepted only in 1987.In the GDR women's football clubs existed since the late 1960s. While local leagues existed since 1970 a national championship was first held in 1979 and a cup was incepted only in 1987.Women's association football clubs in the German Democratic Republic were first established in the late 1960s. While local leagues began in 1970, a national championship was first held in 1979 and a cup was not played until 1987.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1968, the Bulgarian student Vladimir Zvetkov founded the first women's team as a section of BSG Empor Dresden-Mitte (today Dresdner SC). While several local functionaries were opposed to the idea of women playing football, Zvetkov was eventually allowed to pursue his idea. The first women's football game in the GDR was held on 4 August 1969. Dresden defeated Empor Possendorf 2–0 in front of 1,600 spectators.\nSince women's football was not an Olympic sport, and thus had little prestige, the local authorities did not patronize the sport, instead treating it as a mere recreational activity. Despite this lack of governmental interest, the pioneers from Dresden were able to set up an eight-team league in 1970. By the end of 1971, the number of women's football teams in East Germany had grown to 150. Supra-regional competitions were refused for several years until, in 1979, a national championship was held for the first time. A cup competition was inaugurated in 1987 and a national league was founded",
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]
| In which nation is women's soccer practiced, where the German Chancellor — subject to critique by The Sun — was a citizen? | [
{
"id": 21282,
"question": "Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?",
"answer": "Angela Merkel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 692112,
"question": "#1 >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "East Germany",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 236857,
"question": "Women's football in #2 >> country",
"answer": "GDR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| GDR | [
"East Germany"
]
| true | In what country is women's football played in the country where the German chancellor criticized by The Sun held citizenship? |
2hop__593866_80026 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "MMXIV (Veruca Salt)",
"paragraph_text": " Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/VMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since \"Eight Arms to Hold You\" in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album \"Ghost Notes\" (2015).MMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since \"Eight Arms to Hold You\" in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album \"Ghost Notes\" (2015).\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMMXIV is a 2014 EP by Veruca Salt. This is their first release with the original lineup since Eight Arms to Hold You in 1997. It was released on vinyl for Record Store Day 2014. \"The Museum of Broken Relationships\" was later included on the band's album Ghost Notes (2015).\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n=== V Side ===\n\"The Museum of Broken Relationships\"\n\"It's Holy\"\n\n\n=== S Side ===\n\"Seether\"\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nLouise Post – Guitar/Vocals\nNina Gordon – Guitar/Vocals\nSteve Lack – Bass\nJim Shapiro – Drums\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial WebsiteMM",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Julie Dawn Cole",
"paragraph_text": " and the film's other pre-adolescent \"leading lady\", American Denise Nickerson (Violet Beauregarde), both had crushes on Peter Ostrum (Charlie Bucket), also an American, and alternated days spending time with him while there were breaks in filming. The \"I Want It Now\" sequence was filmed on her 13th birthday and Cole was given three film props: a golden egg prop, a golden ticket, and an Everlasting Gobstopper. Cole has stated that her character in the film was based on a girl who attended the same boarding school she did.\nFollowing the filming of the movie, Cole kept the Golden Ticket prop, along with the accompanying bar prop. She later gave it to her friend Linda Carr. On 17 July 2019, both props were sold at auction for upwards of £15,000. The auction itself is shown in BBC Bargain Hunt Series 54, Ardingly 19. The auctioneerJulie Dawn Cole (born 26 October 1957) is an English actress who has been active for some 40 years. She began as a child performer in what remains her best - remembered film, 1971's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, playing the spoiled Veruca Salt. She has two children. during Willy Wonka’s pre-production phase in the first half of 1970, which was filmed at the Bavaria Film Studios.\nThe film debuted in New York City on 30 June 1971 and in London the following week, and Cole was chosen to present a bouquet of flowers to Princess Margaret at the Royal Premiere. She and the film's other pre-adolescent \"leading lady\", American Denise Nickerson (Violet Beauregarde), both had crushes on Peter Ostrum (Charlie Bucket), also an American, and alternated days spending time with him while there were breaks in filming. The \"I Want It Now\" sequence was filmed on her 13th birthday and Cole was given three film props: a golden egg prop, a golden ticket, and an Everlasting Gobstopper. Cole has stated that her character in the film was based on a girl who attended the same boarding school she did.\nFollowing the filming of the movie, Cole kept the Golden Ticket prop, along with the accompanying bar prop. She later gave it to her friend Linda Carr. On 17 July 2019, both props were sold at auction for upwards of £15,000. The auction itself is shown in BBC Bargain Hunt Series 54, Ardingly 19. The auctioneer was Catherine Southon.\n\n\n=== After Willy Wonka ===\nImmediately after returning from filming, Cole was cast in a re-occurring role on the ITV sitcom, ...And Mother Makes Three, in which she played Arabella, a stuck up and snobbish teenaged girl.Julie Dawn Cole (born 26 October 1957) is an English actress who has been active for some 40 years. She began as a child performer in what remains her best - remembered film, 1971's Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, playing the spoiled Veruca Salt. She has two children.Julie Dawn Cole (born 26 October 1957) is an English actress. She began her career as a child performer in the 1971 film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory, playing Veruca Salt.\n\n\n== Career ==\nRaised in Guildford, Surrey, Cole was twelve when she was cast in the supporting role during Willy Wonka’s pre-production phase in the first half of 1970, which was filmed at the Bavaria Film Studios.\nThe film debuted in New York City on 30 June 1971 and in London the following week, and Cole was chosen to present a bouquet of flowers to Princess Margaret at the Royal Premiere. She and the film's other pre-adolescent \"leading",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which actor portrayed the character that inspired the name of the group who executes MMXIV in the film Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory? | [
{
"id": 593866,
"question": "MMXIV >> performer",
"answer": "Veruca Salt",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 80026,
"question": "who played #1 in willy wonka and the chocolate factory",
"answer": "Julie Dawn Cole",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| Julie Dawn Cole | []
| true | In Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, who played the character that the group who performs MMXIV was named after? |
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