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2hop__25788_990 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "USB",
"paragraph_text": " Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation needed]In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun (glossed PRO) is a word or a group of words that one may substitute for a noun or noun phrase.\nPronouns have traditionally been regarded as one of the parts of speech, but some modern theorists would not consider them to form a single class, in view of the variety of functions they perform cross-linguistically. An example of a pronoun is \"you\", which can be either singular or plural. Sub-types include personal and possessive pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, relative and interrogative pronouns, and indefinite pronouns.:��1–34��\nThe use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on an antecedent. For example, in the sentence That poor man looks as if he needs a new coat, the meaning of the pronoun he is dependent on its antecedent, that poor man.\nThe adjective form of the word \"pronoun\" is \"pronominal\". A pronominal is also a word or phrase that acts as a pronoun. For example, in That's not the one I wanted, the phrase the one (containing the prop-word one) is a pronominal.\n\n\n== Theory ==\n\n\n=== Pronoun versus pro-form ===\nPronoun is a category of words. A pro-form is a type of function word or expression that stands in for (expresses the same content as) another word, phrase, clause or sentence where the meaning is recoverable from the context. In English, pronouns mostly function as pro-forms, but there are pronouns that are not pro-forms and pro-forms that are not pronouns.[p. 239]\n\nExamples [1 & 2] are pronouns and pro-forms. In [1], the pronoun it \"stands in\" for whatever was mentioned and is a good idea. In [2], the relative pronoun who stands in for \"the people\". \nExamples [3 & 4] are pronouns but not pro-forms. In [3], the interrogative pronoun who does not stand in for anything. Similarly, in [4], it is a dummy pronoun, one that does not stand in for anything. No other word can function there with the same meaning; we do not say \"the sky is raining\" or \"the weather is raining\". \nA prop-word is a word with little or no semantic content used where grammar dictates a certain sentence member, e.g., to provide a \"support\" on which to hang a modifier. The word most commonly considered as a prop-word in English is one (with the plural form ones). The prop-word one takes the place of a countable noun in a noun phrase (or determiner phrase), normally in a context where it is clear which noun it is replacing. For example, in a context in which hats are being talked about, the red one means \"the red hat\", and the ones we bought means \"the hats we bought\". The prop-word thus functions somewhat similarly to a pronoun, except that a pronoun usually takes the place of a whole noun (determiner) phrase (for example, \"the red hat\" may be replaced by the pronoun \"it\".)\nFinally, in [5 & 6], there are pro-forms that are not pronouns. In [5], did so is a verb phrase that stands in for \"helped\", inflected from to help stated earlier in the sentence. Similarly, in [6], others is a common noun, not a pronoun, but the others probably stands in for the names of other people involved (e.g., Sho, Alana, and Ali), all proper nouns.\n\n\n=== Grammar ===\nPronouns (antōnymía) are listed as one of eight parts of speech in The Art of Grammar, a treatise on Greek grammar attributed to Dionysius Thrax and dating from the 2nd century BC. The pronoun is described there as \"a part of speech substitutable for a noun and marked for a person.\" Pronouns continued to be regarded as a part of speech in Latin grammar (the Latin term being pronomen, from which the English name – through Middle French – ultimately derives), and thus in the European tradition generally.\nBecause of the many different syntactic roles that they play, pronouns are less likely to be a single word class in more modern approaches to grammar.\n\n\n=== Linguistics ===\n\nLinguists in particular have trouble classifying pronouns in a single category, and some do not agree that pronouns substitute nouns or noun categories. Certain types of pronouns are often identical or similar in form to determiners with related meaning; some English examples are given in the table.\n\nThis observation has led some linguists, such as Paul Postal, to regard pronouns as determiners that have had their following noun or noun phrase deleted. (Such patterning can even be claimed for certain personal pronouns; for example, we and you might be analyzed as determiners in phrases like we Brits and you tennis players.) Other linguists have taken a similar view, uniting pronouns and determiners into a single class, sometimes called \"determiner-pronoun\", or regarding determiners as a subclass of pronouns or vice versa. The distinction may be considered to be one of subcategorization or valency, rather like the distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs – determiners take a noun phrase complement like transitive verbs do, while pronouns do not. This is consistent with the determiner phrase viewpoint, whereby a determiner, rather than the noun that follows it, is taken to be the head of the phrase. Cross-linguistically, it seems as though pronouns share 3 distinct categories: point of view, person, and number. The breadth of each subcategory however tends to differ among languages.\n\n\n==== Binding theory and antecedents ====\nThe use of pronouns often involves anaphora, where the meaning of the pronoun is dependent on another referential element. The referent of the pronoun is often the same as that of a preceding (or sometimes following) noun phrase, called the antecedent of the pronoun. The grammatical behavior of certain types of pronouns, and in particular their possible relationship with their antecedents, has been the focus of studies in binding, notably in the Chomskyan government and binding theory. In this binding context, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns in English (such as himself and each other) are referred to as anaphors (in a specialized restricted sense) rather than as pronominal elements. Under binding theory, specific principles apply to different sets of pronouns. \n\nIn English, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns must adhere to Principle A: an anaphor (reflexive or reciprocal, such as \"each other\") must be bound in its governing category (roughly, the clause). Therefore, in syntactic structure it must be lower in structure (it must have an antecedent) and have a direct relationship with its referent. This is called a C-command relationship. For instance, we see that John cut himself is grammatical, but Himself cut John is not, despite having identical arguments, since himself, the reflexive, must be lower in structure to John, its referent. Additionally, we see examples like John said that Mary cut himself are not grammatical because there is an intermediary noun, Mary, that disallows the two referents from having a direct relationship.\n\nOn the other hand, personal pronouns (such as him or them) must adhere to Principle B: a pronoun must be free (i.e., not bound) within its governing category (roughly, the clause). This means that although the pronouns can have a referent, they cannot have a direct relationship with the referent where the referent selects the pronoun. For instance, John said Mary cut him is grammatical because the two co-referents, John and him are separated structurally by Mary. This is why a sentence like John cut him where him refers to John is ungrammatical.\n\n\n===== Binding cross-linguistically =====\n\nThe type of binding that applies to subsets of pronouns varies cross-linguistically. For instance, in German linguistics, pronouns can be split into two distinct categories��—��personal pronouns and d-pronouns. Although personal pronouns act identically to English personal pronouns (i.e. follow Principle B), d-pronouns follow yet another principle, Principle C, and function similarly to nouns in that they cannot have a direct relationship to an antecedent.\n\n\n===== Antecedents =====\nThe following sentences give examples of particular types of pronouns used with antecedents:\n\nThird-person personal pronouns:\nThat poor man looks as if he needs a new coat. (the noun phrase that poor man is the antecedent of he)\nJulia arrived yesterday. I met her at the station. (Julia is the antecedent of her)\nWhen they saw us, the lions began roaring (the lions is the antecedent of they; as it comes after the pronoun it may be called a postcedent)\nOther personal pronouns in some circumstances:\nTerry and I were hoping no one would find us. (Terry and I is the antecedent of us)\nYou and Alice can come if you like. (you and Alice is the antecedent of the second – plural – you)\nReflexive and reciprocal pronouns:\nJack hurt himself. (Jack is the antecedent of himself)\nWe were teasing each other. (we is the antecedent of each other)\nRelative pronouns:\nThe woman who looked at you is my sister. (the woman is the antecedent of who)\nSome other types, such as indefinite pronouns, are usually used without antecedents. Relative pronouns are used without antecedents in free relative clauses. Even third-person personal pronouns are sometimes used without antecedents (\"unprecursed\") – this applies to special uses such as dummy pronouns and generic they, as well as cases where the referent is implied by the context.\n\n\n== English pronouns ==\n\nEnglish personal pronouns have a number of different syntactic contexts (Subject, Object, Possessive, Reflexive) and many features:\n\nperson (1st, 2nd, 3rd);\nnumber (singularUSB was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals (including keyboards, pointing devices, digital cameras, printers, portable media players, disk drives and network adapters) to personal computers, both to communicate and to supply electric power. It has become commonplace on other devices, such as smartphones, PDAs and video game consoles. USB has effectively replaced a variety of earlier interfaces, such as serial and parallel ports, as well as separate power chargers for portable devices.On Dell and Toshiba laptops, the port is marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt icon on the right side. Dell calls this feature PowerShare, while Toshiba calls it USB Sleep-and-Charge. On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is simply called Power-off USB. On some laptops such as Dell and Apple MacBook models, it is possible to plug a device in, close the laptop (putting it into sleep mode) and have the device continue to charge.[citation",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "IPod",
"paragraph_text": " all of these larger databases and other computers\".\nIn 1993, Apple worked on the Newton MessagePad, a tablet-like personal digital assistant (PDA). John Sculley, Apple's chief executive officer, led the development. The MessagePad was poorly received for its indecipherable handwriting recognition feature and was discontinued at the direction of Jobs, who returned to Apple in 1998 after an internal power struggle. Apple also prototyped a PowerBook Duo–based tablet computer but decided not to release it to avoid hurting MessagePad sales.\nIn May 2004, Apple filed a design trademark patent in Europe for aThe third generation began including a 30-pin dock connector, allowing for FireWire or USB connectivity. This provided better compatibility with non-Apple machines, as most of them did not have FireWire ports at the time. Eventually Apple began shipping iPods with USB cables instead of FireWire, although the latter was available separately. As of the first-generation iPod Nano and the fifth-generation iPod Classic, Apple discontinued using FireWire for data transfer (while still allowing for use of FireWire to charge the device) in an attempt to reduce cost and form factor. As of the second-generation iPod Touch and the fourth-generation iPod Nano, FireWire charging ability has been removed. The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single 3.5 mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.",
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| During which generation did iPod begin to support the universal item meant to standardize the connection of computer accessories? | [
{
"id": 25788,
"question": "What was designed to standardize the connection of computer peripherals?",
"answer": "USB",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 990,
"question": "In which generation did iPod start providing compatibility with #1 ?",
"answer": "third generation",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| third generation | []
| true | In which generation did iPod start providing compatibility with the object designed to standardize connection of computer peripherals? |
3hop1__756602_831637_91775 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "USS Jason (AR-8)",
"paragraph_text": " to the Pacific battle area. She arrived Purvis Bay in the Solomon Islands on 17 August to commence operations with Service Squadron 10. Two months later she arrived Ulithi, where she was to spend the greater part of the war, performing the task of repairing U.S. Navy's ships.\n\nFor seven months at Ulithi, Jason repaired ships of every type in the U.S. Navy. Jason sailed for Leyte arriving there on 28 May 1945. She remained there for the duration of the war continuing to service ships of the Pacific Fleet.\n\n\n== Post-World War II operations ==\nAfter the surrender of Japan, she joined a convoy of units from the U.S. 7th Fleet and arrived Jinsen, Korea, on 8 September with the first occupation troops. She operated out of Jinsen, and Qingdao, China, until mid-February 1946, performing repair services and assisting in the evacuation of Japanese nationals. Jason returned to Terminal Island, California, on 9 March for overhaul. She sailed again in May for the Far East. For the next four years she serviced the U.S. Pacific Fleet, alternating between Japan and California.\n\n\n== Korean War operations ==\n\n Jason departed Oakland, California, on 22 July 1950 for Sasebo and immediately began service duties upon her arrival in August. Throughout the war she remained at Sasebo for extended periods performing the repair tasks at hand, with only brief overhaul periods in the United States.\nFollowing the cessation of hostilities in Korea, Jason returned to San Diego, California, on 6 November 1953. Six months later she sailed for another WestPac deployment which included a goodwill tour to Chin Hae, Korea. It was during this cruise, that the Chinese Communists began to provoke the Nationalist-held Tachen Islands. The U.S. 7th Fleet, which Jason helped maintain, sent units into the area to make certain the peace was not violated. Jason returned to San Diego, California, on 13 February 1955 and commenced repair services off the West Coast of the United States.\nHer next Far Eastern tour began January 1956, and she operated in Japan, Okinawa, and Formosa before returning to San Diego, in late October. While on still another deployment to Sasebo she was redesignated AR-8 on 9 September 1957. Following her return to San Diego on 14 February 1958, she operated there throughout the year.\n\n\n== VietnamUSS \"Jason\" (AR-8) was the fourth of the Vulcan class repair ship of the United States Navy in service from 1944 to 1995, serving in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. At the time of her decommissioning, \"Jason\" was (with the exception of ) the oldest ship in continual commission in the United States Navy, and the final ship in continual commission from World War II onward.UUSS \"Jason\" (AR-8) was the fourth of the Vulcan class repair ship of the United States Navy in service from 1944 to 1995, serving in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, and the Gulf War. At the time of her decommissioning, \"Jason\" was (with the exception of ) the oldest ship in continual commission in the United States Navy, and the final ship in continual commission from World War II onward. War II, Pacific Theatre operations ==\nShe was laid down on 9 March 1942, at Los Angeles Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, San Pedro, California, as Heavy-hull Repair Ship ARH-1, and launched on 3 April 1943. Jason was commissioned on 19 June ",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy",
"paragraph_text": "except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due toThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy. Wickes-class destroyers. The peacetime years between 1919 and 1941 resulted in many of these flush deck destroyers being laid up. Additionally, treaties regulated destroyer construction. The 1500-ton destroyers built in the 1930s under the treaties had stability problems that limited expansion of their armament in World War II. During World War II, the United States began building largerThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but re",
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{
"idx": 16,
"title": "United States Navy SEALs",
"paragraph_text": " The United States Military recognized the need for the covert reconnaissance of landing beaches and coastal defenses. As a result, the joint Army, Marine Corps, and Navy Amphibious Scout and Raider School was established in 1942 at Fort Pierce, Florida. The Scouts and Raiders were formed in September of that year, just nine months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, from the Observer Group, a joint U.S. Army-Marine-Navy unit.\n\n\n=== Scouts and Raiders ===\nRecognizing the need for a beach reconnaissance force, a select group of Army and Navy personnel assembled at Amphibious Training BaseThe United States Navy's ``Sea, Air, and Land ''Teams, commonly abbreviated as the Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEALs' main functions are conducting small - unit maritime military operations that originate from, and return to, a river, ocean, swamp, delta, or coastline. The SEALs are trained to operate in all environments (Sea, Air, and Land) for which they are named. highly trained, and possess a high degree of proficiency in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydro-graphic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\nAlthough not formally founded until 1962, the modern-day U.S. Navy SEALs trace their roots to World War II. The United States Military recognized the need for the covert reconnaissance of landing beaches and coastal defenses. As a result, the joint Army, Marine Corps, and Navy Amphibious Scout and Raider School was established in 1942 at Fort Pierce, Florida. The Scouts and Raiders were formed in September of that year, just nine months after the attack on Pearl Harbor, from the Observer Group, a joint U.S. Army-Marine-Navy unit.\n\n\n=== Scouts and Raiders ===\nRecogn",
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| What is the meaning of "seal" in the context of the U.S. military division that oversees various classes of destroyers, including the USS Jason? | [
{
"id": 756602,
"question": "USS Jason >> operator",
"answer": "United States Navy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 831637,
"question": "list of destroyer classes of #1 >> operator",
"answer": "U.S. Navy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 91775,
"question": "what does seal stand for in #2 seals",
"answer": "Sea, Air, and Land",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| Sea, Air, and Land | []
| true | What does seal stand for in the U.S. military branch that operates a list of destroyer classes as well as the USS Jason? |
2hop__661847_288421 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Def Squad",
"paragraph_text": " Erick Sermon, Redman and Keith Murray. Jamal is considered an honorary member of the Def Squad. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.DefDef Squad is a rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman and Keith Murray. Jamal is considered an honorary member of the Def Squad. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith. their remake of \"Rapper's Delight\" by Sugarhill Gang.\nThe Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDef Squad on Apple Music\nDef Squad at Last.fmDef Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially formingDef Squad is a rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman and Keith Murray. Jamal is considered an honorary member of the Def Squad. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.Def Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.\nThey are known for their remake of \"Rapper's Delight\" by Sugarhill Gang.\nThe Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDef Squad on Apple Music\nDef Squad at Last.fmDef Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.\nThey are known for their remake of \"Rapper's Delight\" by Sugarhill Gang.\nThe Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDef Squad on Apple Music\nDef Squad at Last.fmDef Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.\nThey are known for their remake of \"Rapper's Delight\" by Sugarhill Gang.\nThe Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDef Squad on Apple Music\nDef Squad at Last.fmDef Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.\nThey are known for their remake of \"Rapper's Delight\" by Sugarhill Gang.\nThe Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDef Squad on Apple Music\nDef Squad at Last.fmDef Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 1998, they had each been featured on tracks by each other. The Def Squad was formed following the disbandment of the Hit Squad, who broke up after the struggles between EPMD members Erick Sermon and Parrish Smith.\nThey are known for their remake of \"Rapper's Delight\" by Sugarhill Gang.\nThe Squad continued to record on each other's solo albums.\n\n\n== Discography ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDef Squad on Apple Music\nDef Squad at Last.fmDef Squad is an American rap supergroup consisting of Erick Sermon, Redman, Keith Murray, Hurricane G, and Jamal. Before officially forming as a group to release an album in 199",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Full Cooperation",
"paragraph_text": " Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nKeith Murray – vocals\nErick Sermon – vocals, producer\nReginald \"Redman\" Noble – vocals\nTommy Uzo – mixing\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Full Cooperation\" at Discogs (list of releases)\"Full Cooperation\" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on June 2, 1998 through Def Jam Recordings as the only single from the group's sole studio album El Niño. Production was handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's \"Pretty Please\".\nEach member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nKeith Murray – vocals\nErick Sermon – vocals, producer\nReginald \"Redman\" Noble – vocals\nTommy Uzo – mixing\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Full Cooperation\" at Discogs (list of releases)\"Full Cooperation\" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on June 2, 1998 through Def Jam Recordings as the only single from the group's sole studio album El Niño. Production was handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's \"Pretty Please\".\nEach member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nKeith Murray – vocals\nErick Sermon – vocals, producer\nReginald \"Redman\" Noble – vocals\nTommy Uzo – mixing\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Full Cooperation\" at Discogs (list of releases)\"Full Cooperation\" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on June 2, 1998 through Def Jam Recordings as the only single from the group's sole studio album El Niño. Production was handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's \"Pretty Please\".\nEach member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nKeith Murray – vocals\nErick Sermon – vocals, producer\nReginald \"Redman\" Noble – vocals\nTommy Uzo – mixing\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Full Cooperation\" at Discogs (list of releases)\"Full Cooperation\" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on June 2, 1998 through Def Jam Recordings as the only single from the group's sole studio album El Niño. Production was handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's \"Pretty Please\".\nEach member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nKeith Murray – vocals\nErick Sermon – vocals, producer\nReginald \"Redman\" Noble – vocals\nTommy Uzo – mixing\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Full Cooperation\" at Discogs (list of releases)\"Full Cooperation\" is a song written\"Full Cooperation\" is a song by the American hip hop group Def Squad recorded for their sole album \"El Niño\" (1998). The song was released as the only single in promotion of the album on April 14, 1998.\"Full Cooperation\" is a\"Full Cooperation\" is a song by the American hip hop group Def Squad recorded for their sole album \"El Niño\" (1998). The song was released as the only single in promotion of the album on April 14, 1998. handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's \"Pretty Please\".\nEach member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse incorporates scenes from Trading Places.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Chart performance ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nKeith Murray – vocals\nErick Sermon – vocals, producer\nReginald \"Redman\" Noble – vocals\nTommy Uzo – mixing\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Full Cooperation\" at Discogs (list of releases)\"Full Cooperation\" is a song written and performed by American hip hop group Def Squad. It was released on June 2, 1998 through Def Jam Recordings as the only single from the group's sole studio album El Niño. Production was handled by member Erick Sermon, who utilised a sample from Houston Person's \"Pretty Please\".\nEach member's verse in the Steve Carr-directed music video is inspired by Eddie Murphy films: Keith Murray's verse incorporates scenes from Another 48 Hrs., Erick Sermon's verse incorporates scenes from The Nutty Professor and Redman's verse",
"is_supporting": true
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| Who are the members of the group that delivered the performance of Full Cooperation? | [
{
"id": 661847,
"question": "Full Cooperation >> performer",
"answer": "Def Squad",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 288421,
"question": "#1 >> has part",
"answer": "Erick Sermon",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Erick Sermon | []
| true | Who is part of the band that performed Full Cooperation? |
4hop1__767417_624859_355213_203322 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Change of Heart (Eric Carmen album)",
"paragraph_text": "1964 song, \"Baby I Need Your Loving\". \nBoth songs were also hits on the American and Canadian adult contemporary charts, reaching the Top 10 in Canada.\nThe single release, \"Change of Heart\" is ranked as the 135th biggest Canadian hit of 1978, as well as the 160th biggest Canadian hit of 1979.\nThe LP also contained Carmen's rendition of \"Hey Deanie,\" a Top 10 hit which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, which was the flip side of the title track 45 RPM.\nSamantha Sang, who provides backing vocals on the LP, covered \"Change of Heart\" that same year, and it was featured as the B side of her second hit single, \"You Keep Me Dancing\" (US No. 56, Canada AC No. 10).\n\"Someday,\" theChange of Heart is a 1978 album by Eric Carmen. It was his third solo LP, and reached #137 on the \"Billboard\" album chart.ChangeChange of Heart is a 1978 album by Eric Carmen. It was his third solo LP, and reached #137 on the \"Billboard\" album chart. album yielded two charting singles, the title track which was a Top 20 hit in North America, as well as Carmen's remake of the Four Tops' 1964 song, \"Baby I Need Your Loving\". \nBoth songs were also hits on the American and Canadian adult contemporary charts, reaching the Top 10 in Canada.\nThe single release, \"Change of Heart\" is ranked as the 135th biggest Canadian hit of 1978, as well as the 160th biggest Canadian hit of 1979.\nThe LP also contained Carmen's rendition of \"Hey Deanie,\" a Top 10 hit which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, which was the flip side of the title track 45 RPM.\nSamantha Sang, who provides backing vocals on the LP, covered \"Change of Heart\" that same year, and it was featured as the B side of her second hit single, \"You Keep Me",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Gold Hill, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "old Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States near the Cabarrus County line. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 372. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road.\n\n\n== Mining ==\nGold was first discovered in what would become the town of Gold Hill in southeastern Rowan County in 1824. $6 million in gold was mined here prior to the Civil War and a mint was located in Charlotte as a result. In the 1840s, Gold Hill was \"a raucous mining camp town with a considerable number of saloons and brothels.\" The Barnhardt shaft, named for Col. George Barnhardt of the Reed Mine (NC State Historic Site) familyGold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.Gold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.Gold Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Definitive Collection (Eric Carmen album)",
"paragraph_text": ", Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Percussion\nWally Bryson – Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Vocals\nCharles Calello – Horn Arrangements\nThe Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by Cleveland, Ohio singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It features five hits by the Raspberries, a power pop group which he led in the early 1970s. It also contains his versions of two major hits which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, two popular songs from the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and his greatest hit, \"All By Myself\". at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 5, 1976.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes, \"The Definitive Collection lives up to its title. Over the course of a single disc, the compilation features all of Eric Carmen's best-known songs and biggest hits\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Musicians ==\nEric Carmen – Bass, Drums, Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Perc",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Cleveland, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there wereCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.CCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.== History ==\nThe town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland, Cowansville, was established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there wereCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.Cleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland, Cowansville, was established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there were 17 families and 89 persons living in the Village of Third Creek Station. It was not until 1884 that the townspeople renamed the town after Grover Cleveland, who is supposed to have visited the town during his presidential campaign.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2",
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}
]
| Which county is adjacent to the one where the artist who sang Change of Heart was born? | [
{
"id": 767417,
"question": "Change of Heart >> performer",
"answer": "Eric Carmen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 624859,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Cleveland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 355213,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Rowan County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 203322,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Cabarrus County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| Cabarrus County | []
| true | What county shares a border with the county where the performer of Change of Heart was born? |
2hop__363216_787353 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "1st Combat Communications Squadron",
"paragraph_text": "1952, and its subsequent activation on 1 March 1952The United States Air Forces in Europe's 1st Combat Communications Squadron is a unit located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. It is part of the 435th Air Ground Operations Wing.TheThe United States Air Forces in Europe's 1st Combat Communications Squadron is a unit located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. It is part of the 435th Air Ground Operations Wing. It is located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. \nThe squadron traces its history to the constitution of the 1st Airways and Air Communications Service Squadron, Mobile, on 28 January 1952, and its subsequent activation on 1 March 1952The United States Air Forces in Europe's 1st Combat Communications Squadron is a unit located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. It is part of the 435th Air Ground Operations Wing.The 1st Combat Communications Squadron is a military communications unit of the United States Air Force. It is part of the 435th Air Ground Operations Wing, United States Air Forces in Europe. It is located at Ramstein Air Base, Germany. \nThe squadron traces its history to the constitution of the 1st Airways and Air Communications Service Squadron, Mobile, on 28 January 1952, and its subsequent activation on 1 March 1952 at Johnson Air Base, Japan, as part of the 1808th Airways and Air Communications Service Wing, Airways and Air Communications Service, USAF. After a number of changes, the then-1st Mobile Communications Group arrived at Lindsey ASN, West Germany, in January 1976, thereafter being assigned to the European Communications Area.\nToday the squadron's mission is to provide rapidly-deployable communications and air traffic control services throughout Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. The unit also supports training exercises, deployments, contingencies, and special military projects for the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, United States European Command, the Department of State, and the United Nations, as directed by United States Air Forces in Europe. In many cases, the unit's mission requires its members to be some of the first US forces to arrive at an operating location. Because of the nature of the operation and the services the unit provides, unit members are frequently among the last personnel to leave. Hence the motto, \"First In--Last Out.\" \nThe squadron was the Air Force's Major General Harold M. McClelland Large Unit of the Year Award winner for 2017.\n\n\n== Lineage and previous designations ==\nRedesignated - 1st Combat Communications Squadron on 31 Jul 1991\nRedesignated - 1st Combat Communications Group on 1 Oct 1986\nRedesignated - 1st Combat Information Systems Group on 15 Oct 1984\nRedesignated - 1st Combat Communications Group on 1 Jan 1981\nRedesignated - 1st Combat Communications Squadron on 24 Mar 1976\nRedesignated - 1st Mobile Communications Group on 15 Jan 1975\nRedesignated - 1st Mobile Communications Squadron on 1 Jul 1974\nRedesignated - 1st Mobile Communications Group on 1 Oct 1961\nRedesignated - 1st Mobile Communications Squadron on 1 Jul 1961\nActivated - 1st Airways and Air Communications Service Squadron, Mobile on 1 Mar 1952.\nConstituted - 1st Airways and Air Communications Service Squadron, Mobile on 28 Jan 1952. [1]\n\n\n== Bases stationed ==\nRamstein Air Base, Germany, c. 1 July 1994 - to present\nSembach Air Base",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Ramstein-Miesenbach",
"paragraph_text": ", was created on 7 June 1969 from the independent villages of Ramstein and Miesenbach. City designation was awarded in 1991. Ramstein-Miesenbach is the administrative center of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") of Ramstein-Miesenbach which, with its approx. 19,100 inhabitants, is the largest Verbandsgemeinde in Kaiserslautern district.\n\n\n=== Ramstein ===\nDuring Roman times there was a village on the old east-west road north of the Western Palatinate swamps. Ceramic shards, coins and the remains of a Roman villa were found near \"Unterschernauer\" Mill, thus demonstrating that people have lived in this area since Roman times.\nRamstein is first mentioned in a document dated 2 June 1215. With this document Emperor Frederic II, the grandson of Emperor Frederic Barbarossa, gave to his knight Reinhard von Lautern the protector's rights of the Ramstein church along with its two subsidiary churches in Weilerbach and Spesbach. This knight's successor, Siegfried von Hohenecken, transferred the protectorate to the \"Deutschorden\" (Knights Order) in Einsiedeln, Switzerland.\nIn 1366 the knight Johannes von Ramstein lived in Ramstein. He served the counts of Veldenz and had his own court. In the 14th century Ramstein became part of the area under the Palatinate Elector.\nIn a document dated 18 October 1387 Ramstein was the center of the Ramstein court and administrative area. The village and the court belonged to the Lautern district. Court seals were found dated 1674 and 1774. After the invasion of the French in 1793 the court was dissolved. The Napoleonic Administrative Reform made Ramstein and Landstuhl into one mayoral district. Ramstein became its own mayoral entity in 1818.\nRamstein was almost completely depopulated in the Thirty Years War of the 17th century. Nine families settled in the area again in 1684. In 1802 there were 368 people in Ramstein. Economic hardship in the 1850s and 1860s forced many people to emigrate; however, by 1900 the population had grown again to 2000.\nIn addition to farming, peat harvesting became an important industry in the 18th and 19th century. After the railroad was built in 1868 many Ramstein men started working in the coal mines of the Saarland. The textile industry arrived in Ramstein in the 19th century. The former farming and artisan village slowly developed into an industrial community.\nA significant economic and social event occurred in 1951 when the French built the Ramstein Air Base which today is the home of the Headquarters of the US Air Force Europe (USAFE) and the Component Command Air Headquarters Ramstein (CC-Air Ramstein). The City provided the base approximately one third of its 43 square kilometres of land. With about 160Ramstein-Miesenbach is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany, adjacent to the US Ramstein Air Base.RRamstein-Miesenbach is a municipality in the district of Kaiserslautern in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany, adjacent to the US Ramstein Air Base. Base.\n\n\n== History ==\nAs a result of the State of Rheinland-Pfalz administrative reform, Ramstein-Miesenbach, which has a population of approx. 9,200, was created on 7 June 1969 from the independent villages of Ramstein and Miesenbach. City designation was awarded in 1991. Ramstein-Miesenbach is the administrative center of the Verbandsgemeinde (\"collective municipality\") of Ramstein-Miesenbach which, with its approx. 19,100 inhabitants, is the largest Verbandsgemeinde in Kaiserslautern district.\n\n\n=== Ramstein ===\nDuring Roman times there",
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}
]
| What is the location of the headquarters for the 1st Combat Communication Squadron? | [
{
"id": 363216,
"question": "1st Combat Communications Squadron >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Ramstein Air Base",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 787353,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Ramstein-Miesenbach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| Ramstein-Miesenbach | []
| true | Where is the headquarters of the 1st Combat Communication Squadron located? |
3hop1__133292_40769_64047 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Lexus RX",
"paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors,A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Hino Dutro",
"paragraph_text": " from CKD kits imported from Japan.\nThe Latin-American models are built in Cota (Cundinamarca), Colombia by Hino Motor Manufacturing Colombia, from CKD kits imported from Japan. In some of these markets, however, complete assembled trucks are imported from Japan.\nA new assembly plant is located in the town of Cota, in Colombia, built and financed by two partners: one local company and the Toyota group, the majority owner of the Hino subsidiary and the brand.\nEmissions standards compliance is achieved with electronically controlled and water-cooled exhaust gas recirculation technology (EGR) which uses a variable nozzle turbocharger to quickly build up pressure in its housing.\n\n\n== First generation (1999–2011) ==\nThe Dutro was introduced in May The Hino Dutro () is a light commercial truck shared with the Toyota Dyna, manufactured by Hino Motors. Like the Dyna and its twin Toyoace, the Dutro is built on the U300 platform for standard cab, or U400 platform for the wide cab and offered in many different chassis type suitable for different purposes. The Dutro took over from the earlier Ranger 2 (and Ranger 3), a badge-engineered version of Daihatsu's Delta series. Outside of Japan, it is also known as the '300 series'.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "1973 oil crisis",
"paragraph_text": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil",
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]
| When was the body style of the RX 350, from the luxury division of the manufacturer of The Hino Dutro, altered? | [
{
"id": 133292,
"question": "Which corporation created Hino Dutro?",
"answer": "Toyota",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 40769,
"question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .",
"answer": "Lexus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 64047,
"question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style",
"answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
]
| Sales began worldwide in April 2012 | []
| true | When did the RX 350 from The Hino Dutro creator's luxury division change body style? |
2hop__78766_461854 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Darlings of the Gods",
"paragraph_text": "Darlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the Old Vic Company, where Olivier and Leigh met Peter Finch.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nAnthony Higgins - Laurence Olivier\nMel Martin - Vivien Leigh\nJerome Ehlers - Peter Finch\nRhys McConnochie - Ralph Richardson\nAnthony Hawkins - Cecil Tennant\nBarry Quin - Dan Cunningham\nJackie Kelleher - Elsie Beyer\nLindy Davies - Antonia Vaughan\nNicki Paull - June Kelly\nShane Briant - Cecil Beaton\n\n\n== Home Media ==\nNot Currently Available on DVD\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDarlings of the Gods at IMDb\nDarlings of the Gods at AustLitDarlings of the Gods is a 1989 Australian mini series about the 1948 trip to Australia by Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh and the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Vivien Leigh",
"paragraph_text": " Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second Oscar was in 1951, for A Streetcar Named Desire. Playwright Tennessee Williams saw her on the London stage, and after conveying his impressions to co-producer Irene Mayer Selznick, Leigh was signed for the role of Blanche DuBois in the 1949 London production of the play. After playing the role of DuBois for 326 performances, Leigh was flown to Los Angeles to begin filming the movie version.\nHer star was placed on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960.\n\n\n== Stage ==\n\n\n== Films ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nBean, Kendra (2013). Vivien Leigh: An Intimate Portrait. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Running Press Book Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7624-5099-2.\n\n\n== References ==British actress Vivien Leigh (1913–1967) was born in Darjeeling, India; her family returned to England when she was six years old. In addition to her British schooling, she was also educated in France, Italy, and Germany, and became multilingual. Classically trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, her film debut was in an uncredited role in the 1935 comedy Things Are Looking Up.\nWhile studying Shakespearean drama at The Old Vic, she met Laurence Olivier, who would become her most frequent artistic collaborator. EvenVivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963). was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or co-star. Many of their productions on the British stage were based on the works of William Shakespeare. In 1943, as part of the Old Vic Spring Party, they toured North Africa for three months entertaining British troops. In 1961, they were part of The Old Vic Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America.\nShe appeared in 19 theatrically released films, twice winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, both times for her dramatic depictions of women from the American South. Her first Oscar was in 1939, for her performance in Gone with the Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second Oscar was in 1951, for A Streetcar Named Desire. Playwright Tennessee Williams saw her on the London stage, and after conveying his impressions to co-producer Irene Mayer Selznick, Leigh was signed for the role of Blanche DuBois in the 1949 London production of the play. After playing the role of DuBois for 326 performances, Leigh was flown to Los Angeles to begin filming the movie version.\nHer star was placed on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on February 8, 1960.\n\n\n== Stage ==\n\n\n== Films ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nBean, Kendra (2013). Vivien Leigh: An Intimate Portrait. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Running Press Book Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7624-5099-2.\n\n\n== References ==British actress Vivien Leigh (1913–1967) was born in Darjeeling, India; her family returned to England when she was six years old. In addition to her British schooling, she was also educated in France, Italy, and Germany, and became multilingual. Classically trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, her film debut was in an uncredited role in the 1935 comedy Things Are Looking Up.\nWhile studying Shakespearean drama at The Old Vic, she met Laurence Olivier, who would become her most frequent artistic collaborator. Even though her film roles brought her global name recognition and acclaim, the bulk of her work was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or co-star. Many of their productions on the British stage were based on the works of William Shakespeare. In 1943, as part of the Old Vic Spring Party, they toured North Africa for three months entertaining British troops. In 1961, they were part of The Old Vic Tour of Australia, New Zealand, Mexico and South America.\nShe appeared in 19 theatrically released films, twice winning the Academy Award for Best Actress, both times for her dramatic depictions of women from the American South. Her first Oscar was in 1939, for her performance in Gone with the Wind as Margaret Mitchell's protagonist Scarlett O'Hara.\nShe won the role after a two-year search for the ideal actress had eliminated many of Hollywood's top talents. Her second OscarVivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 -- 8 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).British actress Vivien Leigh (1913–1967) was born in Darjeeling, India; her family returned to England when she was six years old. In addition to her British schooling, she was also educated in France, Italy, and Germany, and became multilingual. Classically trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, her film debut was in an uncredited role in the 1935 comedy Things Are Looking Up.\nWhile studying Shakespearean drama at The Old Vic, she met Laurence Olivier, who would become her most frequent artistic collaborator. Even though her film roles brought her global name recognition and acclaim, the bulk of her work was in theatrical productions, frequently with Olivier as her director and/or",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is married to the actor who portrayed Scarlet in the movie Gone with the Wind? | [
{
"id": 78766,
"question": "who played scarlet in gone with the wind",
"answer": "Vivien Leigh",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 461854,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Laurence Olivier",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Laurence Olivier | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the actor who played Scarlet in Gone with the wind? |
4hop2__567956_14670_8987_8974 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.Josip Broz (Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic: ��осип Броз, pronounced [j��sip brôBecause of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from 14 January 1953 until his death. His political ideology and policies are known as Titoism.\nTito was born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Josip Broz Tito",
"paragraph_text": " born to a Croat father and a Slovene mother in Kumrovec in what was then Austria-Hungary. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. Tito participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and the subsequent Russian Civil War. Upon his return to the Balkans in 1920, he enteredIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparednessIn 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia. 1980. During World War II, he led the Yugoslav Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in German-occupied Europe. Following Yugoslavia's liberation in 1944, he served as its prime minister from 2 November 1944 to 29 June 1963 and president from",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "United States Army",
"paragraph_text": " United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the mostCurrently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.Currently, the army is divided into the Regular Army, the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard. The army is also divided into major branches such as Air Defense Artillery, Infantry, Aviation, Signal Corps, Corps of Engineers, and Armor. Before 1903 members of the National Guard were considered state soldiers unless federalized (i.e., activated) by the President. Since the Militia Act of 1903 all National Guard soldiers have held dual status: as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and, when activated, as a reserve of the U.S. Army under the authority of the President.The United States Army (USA) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services, and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution. The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775.\nThe U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Prague underground (culture)",
"paragraph_text": " community as a parallel world independent on the mainstream regime. Although being imprisoned many times, he never gave up on leading role in the movement. Among the fans of this subculture was, for example, former Czech President Václav Havel. This friendship led to the creation of Charter 77, which was sparked by the imprisonment of Jirous and The Plastic People of the Universe.\n\n\n== See also ==\nMánička\nPrague Spring\n\n\n== External links ==\nPrague UndergroundPrague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.\nIt was mainly expressed with experimental rock, art rock and psychedelic rock music (The Plastic People of the Universe, DG 307) and samizdat literature, partially inspired by the culture scene around Andy Warhol and The Velvet Underground. The unofficial leader of this commune was art-historian and poet Ivan Martin Jirous. He designated the status of the community as a parallel world independent on the mainstream regime. Although being imprisoned many times, he never gave up onPrague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.PPrague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.It was mainly expressed with experimental rock, art rock and psychedelic rock music (The Plastic People of the Universe, DG 307) and samizdat literature, partially inspired by the culture scene around Andy Warhol and The Velvet Underground. The unofficial leader of this commune was art-historian and poet Ivan Martin Jirous. He designated the status of the community as a parallel world independent on the mainstream regime. Although being imprisoned many times, he never gave up on leading role in the movement. Among the fans of this subculture was, for example, former Czech President Václav Havel. This friendship led to the creation of Charter 77, which was sparked by the imprisonment of Jirous and The Plastic People of the Universe.\n\n\n== See also ==\nMánička\nPrague Spring\n\n\n== External links ==\nPrague UndergroundPrague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.\nIt was mainly expressed with experimental rock, art rock and psychedelic rock music (The Plastic People of the Universe, DG 307) and samizdat literature, partially inspired by the culture scene around Andy Warhol and The Velvet Underground. The unofficial leader of this commune was art-historian and poet Ivan Martin Jirous. He designated the status of the community as a parallel world independent on the mainstream regime. Although being imprisoned many times, he never gave up onPrague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumerism. Because of its non-conformity, it had serious problems with the communist regime which considered it as a political opposition.Prague underground was an underground culture developed in Prague, Czechoslovakia in the late 1960s and 1970s during the Normalization period. The movement was characterized by resistance against conformity, conventions, and consumer",
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| Where was the embassy located that belonged to the sole communist nation, whose military division, akin to the U.S. Air Defense Artillery, was caught off guard by the invasion during the country's period of normalization? | [
{
"id": 567956,
"question": "Normalization >> country",
"answer": "Czechoslovakia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 14670,
"question": "The Air Defense Artillery is a branch of what?",
"answer": "the Army",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 8987,
"question": "What #2 was unprepared for the invasion of #1 ?",
"answer": "Yugoslavia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 8974,
"question": "#3 was the only communist country to have an embassy where?",
"answer": "Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay | [
"Alfredo Stroessner"
]
| true | A country's military branch, which in the US contains the Air Defense Artillery, was unprepared for the invasion of the country that experienced a normalization period. The unprepared country was the only communist country to have an embassy where? |
2hop__71016_75184 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of Back to the Future characters",
"paragraph_text": " descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.\n\n\n=== Emmett \"Doc\" Brown ===\n\nDoctor Emmett Lathrop (\"Doc\") Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changesThe character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin - off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini. the trilogy, he travels through time using a DeLorean time machine invented by his friend Emmett Brown. He also encounters the central antagonist, Biff Tannen, in several different time periods and visits his ancestors and descendants.\n\n\n== Main characters ==\n\n\n=== Marty McFly ===\n\nMartin Seamus (\"Marty\") McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox in the films and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series) is the son of George and Lorraine McFly. Marty travels between the past and the future, encountering his ancestors and descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.\n\n\n=== Emmett \"Doc\" Brown ===\n\nDoctor Emmett Lathrop (\"Doc\") Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changes that were caused by time travel.\nIn 2008, the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at No. 20.\n\n\n=== George McFly ===\nGeorge Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "List of Back to the Future characters",
"paragraph_text": " different time periods and visits his ancestors and descendants.\n\n\n== Main characters ==\n\n\n=== Marty McFly ===\n\nMartin Seamus (\"Marty\") McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox in the films and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series) is the son of George and Lorraine McFly. Marty travels between the past and the future, encountering his ancestors and descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.\n\n\n=== Emmett \"Doc\" Brown ===\n\nDoctor Emmett Lathrop (\"Doc\") Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changes that were caused by time travel.\nIn 2008, the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at No. 20.\n\n\n=== George McFly ===\nGeorge Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future, Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III, voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future:Marty Jr. and Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future fraternal twin son and daughter in Part II. the trilogy, he travels through time using a DeLorean time machine invented by his friend Emmett Brown. He also encounters the central antagonist, Biff Tannen, in several different time periods and visits his ancestors and descendants.\n\n\n== Main characters ==\n\n\n=== Marty McFly ===\n\nMartin Seamus (\"Marty\") McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox in the films and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series) is the son of George and Lorraine McFly. Marty travels between the past and the future, encountering his ancestors and descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.\n\n\n=== Emmett \"Doc\" Brown ===\n\nDoctor Emmett Lathrop (\"Doc\") Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd and voiced by him in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changes that were caused by time travel.\nIn 2008, the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at No. 20.\n\n\n=== George McFly ===\nGeorge Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future, Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III, voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is married to Lorraine McFly (née Baines) and is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.\nIn the first film, George is portrayed as weak and the main target of Biff Tannen's bullying. The novelization of the film expounds on George's history of weakness, describing two incidents in which he is unable to stand up for himself. In 1955, in contrast with Marty, George did not have any friends for support and was targeted not only by Biff and his gang but also other kids in school. He has a penchant for science fiction, and writes some of his own but never allows himself to share them with anyone due to his fear of rejection. In 1955, with Marty's help, he gets the courage to stand up to Biff, knocking him unconscious. As a result, he and Lorraine fall in love and George becomes popular in school for defeating Biff in a fight. In the new future, they are both married with George working as a college professor and being a successful writer who orders Biff around. In the dystopian timeline in Part II, George was murdered by Biff in 1973.\nGeorge's character was greatly reduced in the sequels, and the role was recast. Weissman wore prosthetics to resemble Glover and imitated Glover's rendering of McFly, and his scenes were spliced with shots of Glover from Back to the Future. The result was so convincing that many people were fooled by it. However, Glover did not appreciate this and sued. The lawsuit resulted in the adoption of stricter rules by the Screen Actors Guild to prevent this situation from occurring again.\n\n\n=== Lorraine Baines/McFly ===\nLorraine McFly, née Baines (portrayed by Lea Thompson, voiced by Aimee Miles in Back to the Future: The Game), is married to George McFly and the mother of Marty, Linda and Dave. She is the oldest daughter of Sam (George DiCenzo) and Stella (Frances Lee McCain) Baines, and sister of Milton (Jason Hervey), Sally (Maia Brewton), Toby, and Joey.\nIn Back to the Future, Lorraine is initially portrayed in 1985 as middle-aged and unhappy. After Marty changes the timeline, she is shown to be fit and happily married to George in 1985. In Part II, Lorraine is still happily married to George in 2015 but they are constantly disappointed in Marty for giving in to peer pressures that make his life difficult. In the alternate 1985 timeline, she is widowed and married to Biff Tannen.\n\n\n=== Clara Clayton ===\nClara Clayton (portrayed by Mary Steenburgen in both Back to the Future Part III and the animated series) is married to Doc Brown and is the mother of Jules and Verne Brown.\nClara moved to Hill Valley and originally died in an accident when her wagon plummeted into Shonash Ravine, which was renamed Clayton Ravine in her memory. This later changed after Doc rescued her, with Mayor Herburt naming it Eastwood Ravine in honor of Marty's alias Clint Eastwood, remembered as a town hero who saved Clara, defeated Buford Tannen, and allegedly died trying to stop two bandits who hijacked a locomotive. The animated series reveals that Clara, along with the rest of the family, moves to the early 1990s and lives in a farmhouse outside of Hill Valley. She then became a teacher at Hill Valley Elementary School.\n\n\n=== Jennifer Parker ===\nJennifer Jane Parker (portrayed by Claudia Wells in the first film and voiced by her in Back to the Future: The Game, Elisabeth Shue in the second and third film, voiced by Cathy Cavadini in the animated series) is dating Marty McFly. In 2015 as seen in Back to the Future Part II, they are married.\nIn 1985, Jennifer attends Hill Valley High School, along with her boyfriend Marty. In the animated series, Jennifer is enrolled to Hill Valley College with Marty after graduating high school and working part-time as a tutor. She lives with her family on a ranch, the deed to which was owned by Biff Tannen, after one of his ancestors forced Jennifer's great-great-grandfather to sign it over by holding Jennifer's great-great-grandmother hostage. In the episode \"A Friend in Deed\", Marty travels back in time to 1875 and sabotages the deal with help from Jules and Verne.\nIn the future witnessed in Back to the Future Part II, Jennifer and Marty had two children, Marlene and Marty Jr. (both played by Michael J. Fox).\nMelora Hardin was initially cast in the role, to appear alongside Eric Stoltz' Marty McFly. After Stoltz was fired from the production and Michael J. Fox was brought in, Claudia",
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| In "Back to the Future 2," who portrayed the girl dating the character who was Marty McFly's daughter? | [
{
"id": 71016,
"question": "who plays marty mcfly's daughter in back to the future 2",
"answer": "Michael J. Fox",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 75184,
"question": "who played #1 girlfriend in back to the future",
"answer": "Claudia Wells",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Claudia Wells | []
| true | Who played the girlfriend of who plays marty mcfly's daughter in back to the future 2? |
2hop__770487_494646 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Lee Vining, California",
"paragraph_text": " seat, and southeast the same distance to the junction for Mammoth Lakes. California State Route 120 climbs west from Lee Vining 12 miles (19 km) to the top of Tioga Pass, the east entrance to Yosemite National Park. According to the United States Census Bureau, the Lee Vining CDP covers an area of 5.2 square miles (13 km2), 99.95% of it land and 0.05% of it water.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\nLee Vining, on the boundary between the Sierra Nevada and Great Basin ecoregions, has a transitional climate: warmer and drier than the mountains to the west but cooler and much snowier than the vast desert to the east. Despite only getting 14 inches (360 mm) of water-equivalent precipitation annually, the town averages nearly 6 feet (1.8 m) of snow, sometimes falling as late as April or even May. Precipitation is highest in the winter months of December through March, but some can be expected to fall every month of the year, and the town does not typically experience the four to six month dry spells of more coastal parts of California.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nThe economy of Lee Vining relies largely on tourism, since it is the closest town to the east entrance of Yosemite National Park, and is near other tourist destinations such as Mono Lake, the ghost town of Bodie, popular trout fishing destinations, and June Mountain and Mammoth Mountain ski areas and the June Lake recreational area. Although off-season tourism has increased in recent years, most tourists visit in the summer months because State Route 120 through Yosemite is often closed otherwise because of heavy snowfall in the winter. Lee Vining has a year-round information center for visitors.\n\n\n== Sights ==\nLee Vining is situated near theLee Vining (formerly, Leevining, Poverty Flat, and Lakeview) is a census-designated place in Mono County, California, United States. It is located south-southeast of Bridgeport, at an elevation of 6781 feet (2067 m). Lee Vining is located on the southwest shore of Mono Lake. The population was 222 as of the 2010 census, down from 250 reported as of 2000 by Mono County. At the previous census (1990) the town population was 398, and at the census before that (1980) it was 315.Lee Vining (formerly, Leevining, Poverty Flat, and Lakeview) is a census-designated place in Mono County, California, United States. It is located south-southeast of Bridgeport, at an elevation of 6781 feet (2067 m). Lee Vining is located on the southwest shore of Mono Lake. The population was 222 as of the 2010 census, down from 250 reported as of 2000 by Mono County. At the previous census (1990) the town population was 398, and at the census before that (1980) it was 315.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Mono Lake Committee",
"paragraph_text": "The Mono Lake Committee (MLC) is an environmental organization based in Lee Vining, California in the United States. Its mission is to preserve Mono Lake, by reducing diversions of water from the Eastern Sierra watersheds by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP).The Mono Lake Committee (MLC) is an environmental organization based in Lee Vining, California in the United States. Its mission is to preserve Mono Lake, by reducing diversions of water from the Eastern Sierra watersheds by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP).Mono Lake ( MOH-noh) is a saline soda lake in Mono County, California, formed at least 760,000 years ago as a terminal lake in an endorheic basin. The lack of an outlet causes high levels of salts to accumulate in the lake which make its water alkaline.\nThe desert lake has an unusually productive ecosystem based on brine shrimp, which thrive in its waters, and provides critical habitat for two million annual migratory birds that feed on the shrimp and alkali flies (Ephydra hians). Historically, the native Kutzadika'a people ate the alkali flies' pupae, which live in the shallow waters around the edge of the lake.\nWhen the city of Los Angeles diverted water from the freshwater streams flowing into the lake, it lowered the lake level, which imperiled the migratory birds. The Mono Lake Committee formed in response and won a legal battle that forced Los Angeles to partially replenish the lake level.\n\n\n== Geology ==\nMono Lake occupies part of the Mono Basin, an endorheic basin that has no outlet to the ocean. Dissolved salts in the runoff thus remain in the lake and raise the water's pH levels and salt concentration. The tributaries of Mono Lake include Lee Vining Creek, Rush Creek and Mill Creek which flows through Lundy Canyon.\nThe basin was formed by geological forces over the last five million years: basin and range crustal stretching and associated volcanism and faulting at the base of the Sierra Nevada.:��45�� \n\nFrom 4.5 to 2.6 million years ago, large volumes of basalt were extruded around what is now Cowtrack Mountain (east and south of Mono Basin); eventually covering 300 square miles (780 km2) and reaching a maximum thickness of 600 feet (180 m).:��45�� Later volcanism in the area occurred 3.8 million to 250,000 years ago.:��46�� This activity was northwest of Mono Basin and included the formation of Aurora Crater, Beauty Peak, Cedar Hill (later an island in the highest stands of Mono Lake), and Mount Hicks.\nLake Russell was the prehistoric predecessor to Mono Lake, during the Pleistocene. Its shoreline reached the modern-day elevation of 7,480 feet (2,280 m), about 1,100 feet (330 m) higher than the present-day lake. As of 1.6 million years ago, Lake Russell discharged to the northeast, into the Walker River drainage. After the Long Valley Caldera eruption 760,000 years ago, Lake Russell discharged into Adobe Lake to the southeast, then into the Owens River",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In which administrative geographical region is the Mono Lake Committee's main office located? | [
{
"id": 770487,
"question": "Mono Lake Committee >> headquarters location",
"answer": "Lee Vining",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 494646,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Mono County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| Mono County | [
"Mono County, California"
]
| true | What administrative territorial entity contains the headquarters of the Mono Lake Committee? |
2hop__196348_150107 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Communications of the ACM",
"paragraph_text": " The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transition to entirely open access in February 2024, as part of ACM's commitment to make all articles open access. \nAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 22.7.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJournal of the ACM\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readershipCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.Communications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.\nArticles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transitionCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor. It is sent to all ACM members.Articles are intended for readers with backgrounds in all areas of computer science and information systems. The focus is on the practical implications of advances in information technology and associated management issues; ACM also publishes a variety of more theoretical journals. The magazine straddles the boundary of a science magazine, trade magazine, and a scientific journal. While the content is subject to peer review, the articles published are often summaries of research that may also be published elsewhere. Material published must be accessible and relevant to a broad readership.\nFrom 1960 onward, CACM also published algorithms, expressed in ALGOL. The collection of algorithms later became known as the Collected Algorithms of the ACM.\nCACM announced a transition to entirely open access in February 2024, as part of ACM's commitment to make all articles open access. \nAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2023 impact factor of 22.7.\n\n\n== See also ==\nJournal of the ACM\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial websiteCommunications of the ACM is the monthly journal of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). It was established in 1958, with Saul Rosen as its first managing editor",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "ACM SIGGRAPH",
"paragraph_text": " by its professional and student chapters in several countries.\n\n\n== Committees ==\n\n\n=== Professional and Student Chapters Committee ===\nThe Professional and Student Chapters Committee (PSCC) is the leadership group that oversees the activities of ACM SIGGRAPH Chapters around the world. Details about Local Chapters can be found below.\n\n\n=== International Resources Committee ===\nThe International Resources Committee (IRC) facilitates throughout the year worldwide collaboration in the ACM SIGGRAPH community, provides an English review service to help submitters whose first language is not English, and encourages participation in all SIGGRAPH conference venues, activities, and events.\n\n\n== Awards ==\nACM SIGGRAPH presents six awards to recognize achievement in computer graphics. The awards are presented at the annual SIGGRAPH conference.\n\n\n=== Steven A. Coons Award ===\nThe Steven Anson Coons Award for Outstanding Creative Contributions to Computer Graphics is considered the highest award in computer graphics, and is presented each odd-numbered year to individuals who have made a lifetime contribution to computerACM SIGGRAPH convenes the annual SIGGRAPH conference, attended by tens of thousands of computer professionals. The organization also sponsors other conferences around the world, and regular events are held by its professional and student chapters in several countries.AACM SIGGRAPH convenes the annual SIGGRAPH conference, attended by tens of thousands of computer professionals. The organization also sponsors other conferences around the world, and regular events are held by its professional and student chapters in several countries. was founded two years earlier in 1967).\nACM SIGGRAPH convenes the annual SIGGRAPH conference, attended by tens of thousands of computer professionals. The organization also sponsors other conferences around the world, and regular events are held by its professional and student chapters in several countries.\n\n\n== Committees ==\n\n\n=== Professional and Student Chapters Committee ===\nThe Professional and Student Chapters Committee (PSCC) is the leadership group that oversees the activities of ACM SIGGRAPH Chapters around the world. Details about Local Chapters can be found below.\n\n\n=== International Resources Committee ===\nThe International Resources Committee (IRC) facilitates throughout the year worldwide collaboration in the ACM SIGGRAPH community, provides an English review service to help submitters whose first language is not English, and encourages participation in all SIGGRAPH conference venues, activities, and events.\n\n\n== Awards ==\nACM SIGGRAPH presents six awards to recognize achievement in computer graphics. The awards are presented at the annual SIGGRAPH conference.\n\n\n=== Steven A. Coons Award ===\nThe Steven Anson Coons Award for Outstanding Creative Contributions to Computer Graphics is considered the highest award in computer graphics, and is presented each odd-numbered year to individuals who have made a lifetime contribution to computerACM SIGGRAPH convenes the annual SIGGRAPH conference, attended by tens of thousands of computer professionals. The organization also sponsors other conferences around the world, and regular events are held by its professional and student chapters in several countries.ACM SIGGRAPH is the international Association for Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques based in New York. It was founded in 1969 by Andy van Dam (its direct predecessor, ACM SICGRAPH was founded two years earlier in 1967).\nACM SIGGRAPH convenes the annual SIGGRAPH conference, attended by tens of thousands of computer professionals. The organization also sponsors other conferences around the world, and regular events are held by its professional and student chapters in several countries.\n\n\n== Committees ==\n\n\n=== Professional and Student Chapters Committee ===\nThe Professional and Student Chapters Committee (PSCC) is the leadership group that oversees the activities of ACM SIGGRAPH Chapters around the world. Details about Local Chapters can be found below.\n\n\n=== International Resources Committee",
"is_supporting": true
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| Who is the publisher of the Communications from the organization to which Andries van Dam belongs? | [
{
"id": 196348,
"question": "Andries van Dam >> member of",
"answer": "ACM",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 150107,
"question": "Who published Communications of the #1 ?",
"answer": "Association for Computing Machinery",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Association for Computing Machinery | [
"ACM"
]
| true | Who published Communications of the organization that Andries van Dam is a member of? |
3hop1__109113_720914_41132 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Venus with a Mirror",
"paragraph_text": " marvelous ancient stones.\" The painting is said to celebrate the ideal beauty of the female form, or to be a critique of vanity, or perhaps both. It was copied by several later artists, including Peter Paul Rubens and Anthony van Dyck.\nTitian made a number of paintings of the same subject, but this is believed to be the earliest and the only version to be entirely by the hand of Titian, without additions by his assistants. It remained in his house until his death in 1576.\n\n\n== Painting, and versions ==\nX-rays of the painting have revealed that Titian painted it over a double portrait which he had abandoned. Titian kept the red cloak of one of the figures in the abandoned painting and placed it under Venus's arm. The use of the cloak from the earlier painting probably played a large part in the composition of the new painting.\nTitian is believed to have made another version of this Venus for the Venetian lawyer Niccolo Crasso, who also commissioned Titian to paint the Retable of Saint Nicholas de Bari at about the same time. A drawing of the other version was included by Anthony van Dyck in the sketchbook made during his trip to Italy. This other version is now lost, but a studio copy exists in the Hermitage Museum.\nTitian is thought to have made a second copy, which was sent to his regular patron King Philip II of Spain, in 1567. This version was also lost, but a copy of it by Peter Paul Rubens exists, which is in the Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum in Madrid.\n\n\n== Other versions ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Provenance ==\nIn 1581, five years after Titian's death, the contents of his house in Venice, including the Venus with a Mirror, were sold by his son and heir Pomponio Vechellio to Christoforo Barbarigo. In 1850 the Russian Consul-General in Venice, A. Kvostov, purchased the painting, along with a large number of other masterpieces, from the Barbarigo family, for Czar Nicholas I for the sum of 525,000 francs, and it entered the collection of the Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg.\nIn 1931, in order to earn foreign currency for the first of the five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin and the Soviet government secretly sold the painting, along with a number of other masterpieces, to a syndicate of art dealers, who sold it to the American collector Andrew Mellon, who wished to create a national art museum for the United States. Mellon donated it to the United States Government in 1937. It was one of the first masterpieces to be displayed in the National Gallery of Art in Washington when it opened in 1941.\n\n\n==Venus with a Mirror (about 1555) is a painting by Titian, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and it is considered to be one of the collection's highlights.VVenus with a Mirror (about 1555) is a painting by Titian, now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC, and it is considered to be one of the collection's highlights..\nThe pose of the Venus resembles the classical statues of the Venus de' Medici in Florence or the Capitoline Venus in Rome, which Titian may have seen when he wrote that was \"learning from the marvelous ancient stones.\" The painting is said to celebrate the ideal beauty of the female form, or to be",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Black Death",
"paragraph_text": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around ",
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected in Lawrence reaching towards the beam of light breaking through the clouds above him.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Works Cited ==\nRosand, David (1997). Painting in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521562867.\nSherman, Allison (2013). \"Murder and Martyrdom: Titian's Gesuiti \"Saint Lawrence\" as a Family Peace Offering\". Artibus et Historiae. 34 (68): 39–54. ISSN 0391-9064.\nJacobus, De Voragine, Approximately, William Caxton, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Westminster, 20 Nov, 1483. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/48043527/.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by TitianThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a Renaissance era oil painting by the Venetian artist Titian, dated from 1558. It depicts the Ancient Romans' murder of Saint Lawrence and was originally an altarpiece in the ChurchThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Tit",
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| In the location where the artist of 'Venus with a Mirror' passed away, how many instances of the plague were there? | [
{
"id": 109113,
"question": "Who developed Venus with a Mirror?",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 41132,
"question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?",
"answer": "22",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| 22 | []
| true | How many times did plague occur in the place where Venus with a Mirror's creator died? |
2hop__56307_604644 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Magic (Smash Mouth album)",
"paragraph_text": " as anything else Smash Mouth has ever released, filled with grooving, organ-fueled beach party anthems\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nSmash Mouth\n\nSteve Harwell – lead vocals\nMichael Klooster – keyboards\nMike Krompass – additional keyboards, guitars, drum programming, backing vocals\nGreg Camp – guitars (11), backing vocals (11)\nPaul De Lisle – bass, backing vocals\nRandy Cooke – drums\nMichael Urbano – drums (11)\nAdditional personnel\n\nJohn Portela – additional keyboards\nJ. Dash – vocals (3, 6)\nAndrew Fromm – backing vocals\nStorm Gardiner – backing vocals\nShawn Mayer – backing vocals\nJennifer Paige – backing vocals\nStephen Vickers – backing vocals\n\n\n=== Production ===\nJared Levine – A&R\nMike Krompass – producer, engineer, mixing\nBen Harrington – assistant engineer, mix assistant\nSteve Murr – additional recording\nDave McNair – mastering\nDavid Alan Kogut – art direction\nCalibree Photography – photography\nRobert Hayes – management\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMagic at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)Magic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of Summer Girl in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band, and the last album toMagic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September 4, 2012 through 429 Records. It is their first album in six years since the release of \"Summer Girl\" in 2006. It is also the first album without original guitarist and primary songwriter Greg Camp since his departure from the band. last album to feature lead vocalist Steve Harwell before his retirement in 2021 and his death in 2023.\nThe first single on the album, \"Magic\", peaked at No. 22 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nAllMusic gave the album 3½ stars, saying it was \"as effortlessly effervescent as anything else Smash Mouth has ever released, filled with grooving, organ-fueled beach party anthems\".\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nSmash Mouth\n\nSteve Harwell – lead vocals\nMichael Klooster – keyboards\nMike Krompass – additional keyboards, guitars, drum programming, backing vocals\nGreg Camp – guitars (11), backing vocals (11)\nPaul De Lisle – bass, backing vocals\nRandy Cooke – drums\nMichael Urbano – drums (11)\nAdditional personnel\n\nJohn Portela – additional keyboards\nJ. Dash – vocals (3, 6)\nAndrew Fromm – backing vocals\nStorm Gardiner – backing vocals\nShawn Mayer – backing vocals\nJennifer Paige – backing vocals\nStephen Vickers – backing vocals\n\n\n=== Production ===\nJared Levine – A&R\nMike Krompass – producer, engineer, mixing\nBen Harrington – assistant engineer, mix assistant\nSteve Murr – additional recording\nDave McNair – mastering\nDavid Alan Kogut – art direction\nCalibree Photography – photography\nRobert Hayes – management\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMagic at YouTube (streamed copy where licensed)Magic is the seventh studio album by American rock band Smash Mouth, released on September ",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "All Star (song)",
"paragraph_text": "\" for outcasts. In contrast to the more ska punk style of Smash Mouth's debut album Fush Yu Mang (1997), the song features a more radio-friendly style.\nThe song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its musical progression from Fush Yu Mang as well as its catchy tone. It was nominated for the Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards. Subsequent reviews from critics have regarded \"All Star\" favorably, with some ranking it as one of the best songs of 1999. The song charted around the world, ranking in the top 10 of the charts in Australia, Canada, and on the Billboard Hot 100, while topping the Billboard Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts.\nThe song's accompanying music video features characters from the superhero film Mystery Men (1999), which itself prominently featured \"All Star\". The song became ubiquitous in popular culture following multiple appearances in films, such as in Mystery Men, Digimon: The Movie, and most notably in DreamWorks Animation's 2001 film Shrek. It received renewed popularity in the 2010s as an internet meme and has ranked as one of the most-streamed rock songs from 2017 to 2021 in the United``All Star ''is a song by American rock band Smash Mouth. It was released on May 4, 1999 as the second single from their album Astro Lounge, and is one of the group's most successful songs, peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100.\"``All Star ''is a song by American rock band Smash Mouth. It was released on May 4, 1999 as the second single from their album Astro Lounge, and is one of the group's most successful songs, peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100. of the last tracks to be written for Astro Lounge, after the band's record label Interscope requested more songs that could be released as singles. In writing it, Camp drew musical influence from contemporary music by artists like Sugar Ray and Third Eye Blind, and sought out to create an \"anthem\" for outcasts. In contrast to the more ska punk style of Smash Mouth's debut album Fush Yu Mang (1997), the song features a more radio-friendly style.\nThe song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its musical progression from Fush Yu Mang as well as its catchy tone. It was nominated for the Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards. Subsequent reviews from critics have regarded \"All Star\" favorably, with some ranking it as one of the best songs of 1999. The song charted around the world, ranking in the top 10 of the charts in Australia, Canada, and on the Billboard Hot 100, while topping the Billboard Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts.\nThe song's accompanying music video features characters from the superhero film Mystery Men (1999), which itself prominently featured \"All Star\". The song became ubiquitous in popular culture following multiple appearances in films, such as in Mystery Men, Digimon: The Movie, and most notably in DreamWorks Animation's 2001 film Shrek. It received renewed popularity in the 2010s as an internet meme and has ranked as one of the most-streamed rock songs from 2017 to 2021 in the United``All Star ''is a song by American rock band Smash Mouth. It was released on May 4, 1999 as the second single from their album Astro Lounge, and is one of the group's most successful songs, peaking at No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100.\"All Star\" is a song by the American rock band Smash Mouth from their second studio album, Astro Lounge (1999). Written by Greg Camp and produced by Eric Valentine, the song was released on May 4, 1999, as the first single from Astro Lounge. The song was one of the last tracks to be written for Astro Lounge, after the band's record label Interscope requested more songs that could be released as singles. In writing it, Camp drew musical influence from contemporary music by artists like Sugar Ray and Third Eye Blind, and sought out to create an \"anthem\" for outcasts. In contrast to the more ska punk style of Smash Mouth's debut album Fush Yu Mang (1997), the song features a more radio-friendly style.\nThe song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its musical progression from Fush Yu Mang as well as its catchy tone. It was nominated for the Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals at the 42nd Annual Grammy Awards. Subsequent reviews from critics have regarded \"All Star\" favorably, with some ranking it as one of the best songs of 1999. The song charted around the world, ranking in the top 10 of the charts in Australia, Canada, and on the Billboard Hot 100, while topping the Billboard Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts.\nThe song's accompanying music video features characters from the superhero film Mystery Men (1999), which itself prominently featured \"All Star\". The song became ubiquitous in popular culture following multiple appearances in films, such as in Mystery Men, Digimon: The Movie, and most notably in DreamWorks Animation's 2001 film Shrek. It received renewed popularity in the 2010s as an internet meme and has ranked as one of the most-streamed rock songs from 2017 to 2021 in the United States.\n\n\n== Background and recording ==\n\n\"All Star\" was the last song recorded for Astro Lounge, Smash Mouth's second album. Along with the rest of the album, the song was produced, mixed, and engineered at H.O.S. Recording in Redwood City, California. Although the band's previous album Fush Yu Mang had sold over two million copies from the strength of its lead single \"Walkin' on the Sun\", none of the album's other tracks charted well, leading to some labeling the band a one-hit wonder. Eric Valentine, Smash Mouth's producer, said the album had the \"dubious distinction\" of being very successful but also frequently returned by buyers, as the rest of it sounded very little like the single. For the creation of Astro Lounge, the band decided to shift their musical style away from the ska punk sound that characterized Fush Yu Mang. Greg Camp, Smash Mouth's guitarist, was tasked with writing all of the songs for Astro Lounge due to his pop sensibilities.\nAfter seemingly completing the album, Smash Mouth presented it to their record label Interscope, but the label declined a release because they felt there",
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| Who is the music producer for the artist who sings Hey Now, You're A Rockstar? | [
{
"id": 56307,
"question": "who sang hey now you're a rockstar",
"answer": "Smash Mouth",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 604644,
"question": "#1 >> record label",
"answer": "429 Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| 429 Records | []
| true | What is the record label of the Hey Now, You're A Rockstar singer? |
4hop1__76111_624859_355213_203322 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Gold Hill, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": "old Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States near the Cabarrus County line. It was first listed as a CDP in the 2020 census with a population of 372. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road.\n\n\n== Mining ==\nGold was first discovered in what would become the town of Gold Hill in southeasternGold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.Gold Hill is a small unincorporated community in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina near the Cabarrus County line. It is situated near the Yadkin River and is served by U.S. Highway 52 and Old Beatty Ford Road. Gold was found in this small town outside Salisbury in the 19th century.Gold Hill is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in southeastern Rowan County, North Carolina, United States near the Cabarrus County",
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"idx": 4,
"title": "Hungry Eyes",
"paragraph_text": " of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film Dirty Dancing. The song was recorded at Beachwood Studios in Beachwood, Ohio in 1987.`` Hungry Eyes'' peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 3 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1988. The power ballad was not released commercially in the UK, but it managed to peak at # 82 in January 1988, having charted purely on import sales.``Hungry Eyes ''is a song performed by American artist Eric Carmen, a former member of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film Dirty Dancing. The song was recorded at Beachwood Studios in Beachwood, Ohio in 1987.`` Hungry Eyes'' peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 3 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1988. The power ballad was not released commercially in the UK, but it managed to peak at # 82 in January 1988, having charted purely on import sales.``Hungry Eyes ''is a song performed by American artist Eric Carmen, a former member of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film Dirty Dancing. The song was recorded at Beachwood Studios in Beachwood, Ohio in 1987.`` Hungry Eyes'' peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 3 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1988. The power ballad was not released commercially in the UK, but it managed to peak``Hungry Eyes ''is a song performed by American artist Eric Carmen, a former member of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film Dirty Dancing. The song was recorded at Beachwood Studios in Beachwood, Ohio in 1987.`` Hungry Eyes'' peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 3 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1988. The power ballad was not released commercially in the UK, but it managed to peak at # 82 in January 1988, having charted purely on import sales.``Hungry Eyes ''is a song performed by American artist Eric Carmen, a former member of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film Dirty Dancing. The song was recorded at Beachwood Studios in Beachwood, Ohio in 1987.`` Hungry Eyes'' peaked at # 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and # 3 on the Cash Box Top 100 in 1988. The power ballad was not released commercially in the UK, but it managed to peak at # 82 in January 1988, having charted purely on import sales.``Hungry Eyes ''is a song performed by American artist Eric Carmen, a former member of the band Raspberries, and was featured in the film",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "The Definitive Collection (Eric Carmen album)",
"paragraph_text": ", Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Percussion\nWally Bryson – Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Vocals\nCharles Calello – Horn Arrangements\nTony Camillo – Horn Arrangements\nBurton Cummings – Piano\n– Percussion\nJimmie Haskell – Horn Arrangements\nJames Newton Howard – Synthesizer\nDan Hrdlicka – Guitar, Background Vocals\nBruce Johnston – Background Vocals\nSteve Knill – Bass, Background Vocals\nDanny Kortchmar – Acoustic Guitar\nD. Dwight Krueger – Drums, Percussion, Background Vocals\nMichael McBride – Drums, Percussion, Vocals, Background Vocals\nScott McCarl – Bass, Acoustic Guitar, Vocals\nTommy Morgan – Harmonica\nNigel Olsson – Drums, Background Vocals\nJoe Porcaro – Drums, Percussion\nRichard Reising – Guitar, Electric Guitar, Harpsichord, Synthesizer, Background Vocals\nValerie Carter – Background Vocals\nJoe ChemayThe Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by Cleveland, Ohio singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It features five hits by the Raspberries, a power pop group which he led in the early 1970s. It also contains his versions of two major hits which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, two popular songs from the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and his greatest hit, \"All By Myself\".The Definitive Collection is a 1997 greatest hits compilation album of all the singles released by Cleveland, Ohio singer-songwriter Eric Carmen. It features five hits by the Raspberries, a power pop group which he led in the early 1970s. It also contains his versions of two major hits which he wrote for Shaun Cassidy, two popular songs from the movie \"Dirty Dancing\", and his greatest hit, \"All By Myself\". at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 on March 5, 1976.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nStephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic writes, \"The Definitive Collection lives up to its title. Over the course of a single disc, the compilation features all of Eric Carmen's best-known songs and biggest hits\"\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Musicians ==\nEric Carmen – Bass, Drums, Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Electric Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Harpsichord, Mellotron, Percussion, Piano, Electric Piano, Synthesizer, Tack Piano, Vocals, Background Vocals\nJim Bonfanti – Drums, Vocals\nMike Botts – Drums\nOllie E. Brown – Percussion\nWally Bryson – Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Rhythm Guitar, Vocals\nCharles Calello – Horn Arrangements\nTony Camillo – Horn Arrangements\nBurton Cummings – Piano\n– Percussion\nJimmie Haskell – Horn Arrangements\nJames Newton Howard – Synthesizer\nDan Hrdlicka – Guitar, Background Vocals\nBruce Johnston – Background Vocals\nSteve Knill – Bass, Background Vocals\nDanny Kortchmar – Acoustic Guitar\nD. Dwight Krueger – Drums, Percussion, Background Vocals\nMichael McBride – Drums, Percussion, Vocals, Background Vocals\nScott McCarl – Bass, Acoustic Guitar, Vocals\nTommy Morgan – Harmonica\nNigel Olsson – Drums, Background Vocals\nJoe Porcaro",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Cleveland, North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In the 1880 U.S. Census, there wereCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.Cleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe town dates from 1831 but was not incorporated until 1833. The first post office in Cleveland, Cowansville, was established in 1831. By 1850, prior to the US Civil War and the completion of the Western Carolina Railroad, the town was named Rowan Mills. Rowan Mills was named for the five story flour mill that Osborn Giles Foard owned in Cleveland. The Rowan Mills Post Office served the area north of the rail line and extended into Scotch Irish Township after the Civil War in 1870. The town and post office kept the name Rowan Mills until 1876 when it was renamed Third Creek Station. In theCleveland is a town in the Cleveland Township of Rowan County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 871 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which county is adjacent to the one in which the artist who performed 'Hungry Eyes' for the film 'Dirty Dancing' was born? | [
{
"id": 76111,
"question": "who sings the song hungry eyes in the movie dirty dancing",
"answer": "Eric Carmen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 624859,
"question": "#1 >> place of birth",
"answer": "Cleveland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 355213,
"question": "#2 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Rowan County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 203322,
"question": "#3 >> shares border with",
"answer": "Cabarrus County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Cabarrus County | []
| true | What county shares a border with the county where the singer of Hungry Eyes from the movie Dirty Dancing was born? |
2hop__13592_49388 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "FC Barcelona",
"paragraph_text": " in Catalonia was dominated by clubs such as CE Europa, Laietà BC and Société Patrie (later CB Atlètic Gràcia) and it was not until the 1940s that FC Barcelona became established as a basketball team. During this decade they won six Copas del Generalísimo de Baloncesto and were runners-up once. In 1956 they were founding members of the Liga Española de Baloncesto and finished as runners-up. In 1959 they won Spanish basketball's first-ever league and cup double.\n\n\n=== Decline in the 1960s ===\nThe 1960s and 1970s saw the team in decline. In 1961 the club president Enric Llaudet dissolved the team in spite of its popularity. However, in 1962, the club was reformed after a campaign by the fans. In 1964 the league's Primera División was cut from fourteen teams to eight and the club found themselves in the Segunda División after not finishing between the two first qualified teams in the relegation playoffs. However they quickly returned to the top division after being crowned Segunda champions in 1965. During the 1970s the club was persistently overshadowed by its rivals Real Madrid and Joventut.\n\n\n=== Revival in the 1980s ===\nIn the 1980s club president Josep Lluís Núñez gave the team his full support with the aim of making the club the best in Spain and Europe. His support produced results and during the decade inspired by their coach Aíto García Reneses and players like Juan Antonio San Epifanio (better known as Epi), Andrés Jiménez, Sibilio, Audie Norris and Solozábal, the club won six Spanish championships, five Spanish cups, two European Cup Winners' Cups, the Korać Cup and the World Championship. However the European Cup remained elusive, ending as runners-up in 1984. In the 1987–88 season Barça won the Copa Príncipe, Liga ACB, Copa del Rey and the Supercopa completing a quadruple.\n\n\n=== Champions of Europe ===\nThe club built on this success during the 1990s, winning a further four Spanish championships and two Spanish cups. They were still unable to win the European Cup despite playing in a further four finals in 1990, 1991, 1996 and 1997. They also made a record six EuroLeague Final Four appearances. The star player during this era was Juan Antonio San Epifanio.\nTheir persistence eventually paid off and in 2003, inspired by Dejan Bodiroga, Gregor Fučka, ��arūnas Jasikevičius and Juan Carlos Navarro, they won the EuroLeague, beating Benetton Treviso 76–65 in front of a packed Palau Sant Jordi in Barcelona. They repeated the feat in 2010, defeating Olympiacos by a wide 86–68 in Paris, and that October, they made further history when they beat the two-time defending NBA champion Los Angeles Lakers – including Kobe Bryant and FCB Bàsquet alumnus and Barcelona native Pau Gasol – 92–88 at the Palau Sant Jordi as part of the 2010 NBA Europe Live Tour. The match was also notable for being both a match-up between the reigning NBA and EuroLeague champions and the first time a European team had won against a defending NBA champion. Two FCB Bàsquet players in that game – captain Navarro and point guard Ricky Rubio – either had or went on to play in the NBA.\n\n\n=== Recent years ===\n\nIn the following years, Barcelona would stay on top of Spanish basketball, playing almost all league and cup finals against rival Real Madrid. From 2012 until 2014, Barcelona managed to reach the Euroleague Final Four. However, it could not reach further than the semifinals. Barcelona won the Spanish Championship in 2014, but the next few seasons became absolute disasters, both in the Euroleague, and the Spanish League. However, the team saw a return to form in the Copa del Rey, which was won in 2018, in 2019 and in 2021 defeating Real Madrid on all three finals. In 2021 the Spanish Championship was won for the 19th time—the first in seven years—and only a narrow defeat against Anadolu Efes in the championship game of the 2021 EuroLeague Final Four prevented the Catalan giants from winning the competition for the third time. On june 21 2023 Barça defeated Real Madrid 82-93 to win their 20th Spanish Championship.\n\n\n== Sponsorship naming ==\nFrom 2004 until 2007 the club was sponsored by the Winterthur Group, a Swiss insurance company with offices in Barcelona since 1910, which led to the team featuring the birthplace of Joan Gamper, the club's founder, on their shirts. In 2006 the Winterthur Group was taken over by AXA, leading to a change in the club name. In the 2008–09 season, the club's sponsorship changed to Spanish insurer Regal (a division of Liberty Seguros, the Spanish subsidiary of American insurer Liberty Mutual). This sponsorship finished in JuneDespite being the favourites and starting strongly, Barcelona finished the 2006–07 season without trophies. A pre-season US tour was later blamed for a string of injuries to key players, including leading scorer Eto'o and rising star Lionel Messi. There was open feuding as Eto'o publicly criticized coach Frank Rijkaard and Ronaldinho. Ronaldinho also admitted that a lack of fitness affected his form. In La Liga, Barcelona were in first place for much of the season, but inconsistency in the New Year saw Real Madrid overtake them to become champions. Barcelona advanced to the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey, winning the first leg against Getafe 5–2, with a goal from Messi bringing comparison to Diego Maradona's goal of the century, but then lost the second leg 4–0. They took part in the 2006 FIFA Club World Cup, but were beaten by a late goal in the final against Brazilian side Internacional. In the Champions League, Barcelona were knocked out of the competition in the last 16 by eventual runners-up Liverpool on away goals.FC Barcelona Bàsquet (English: FC Barcelona Basketball), commonly referred to as FC Barcelona (Catalan pronunciation: [fub��b��l ��klub bə��sə��lonə] ) and colloquially known as Barça ([��ba��sə]), is a professional basketball team based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It is a part of the FC Barcelona multi-sports club, and was founded on 24 August 1926, which makes it the oldest club in the Liga ACB. The team, which competes in the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague, is one of the most successful basketball teams domestically as well as internationally. Two times European champions, Barça completed a triple crown in 2003 by winning the season's league, cup and EuroLeague. Their home arena is the Palau Blaugrana, which was opened on 23 October 1971. They share the facilities with the roller hockey, futsal and handball teams of the club.\nSome of the well-known players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol, Rony Seikaly, Marc Gasol, Anderson Varejão, Juan Carlos Navarro, Jaka Lakovič, ��arūnas Jasikevičius, Dejan Bodiroga, Gianluca Basile, Ricky Rubio, Juan Antonio San Epifanio, Saša Đorđević, and Tony Massenburg.\nFC Barcelona also has a reserve team, called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B, that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years ===\nFounded on 24 August 1926After the construction was complete there was no further room for expansion at Les Corts. Back-to-back La Liga titles in 1948 and 1949 and the signing of László Kubala in June 1950, who would later go on to score 196 goals in 256 matches, drew larger crowds to the games. The club began to make plans for a new stadium. The building of Camp Nou commenced on 28 March 1954, before a crowd of 60,000 Barça fans. The first stone of the future stadium was laid in place under the auspices of Governor Felipe Acedo Colunga and with the blessing of Archbishop of Barcelona Gregorio Modrego. Construction took three years and ended on 24 September 1957 with a final cost of 288 million pesetas, 336% over budget. players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol, Rony Seikaly, Marc Gasol, Anderson Varejão, Juan Carlos Navarro, Jaka Lakovič, ��arūnas Jasikevičius, Dejan Bodiroga, Gianluca Basile, Ricky Rubio, Juan Antonio San Epifanio, Saša Đorđević, and Tony Massenburg.\nFC Barcelona also has a reserve team, called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B, that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Early years ===\nFounded on 24 August 1926, the club entered its first competition in 1927, playing in the Campionat de Catalunya de Basquetbol (Catalan Basketball Championship). During these early years, basketball in Catalonia was dominated by clubs such as CE Europa, Laietà BC and Société Patrie (later CB Atlètic Gràcia) and it was not until the 1940s that FC Barcelona became established as a basketball team. During this decade they won six Copas del Generalísimo de Baloncesto and were runners-up once. In 1956 they were founding members of the Liga Española de Baloncesto and finished as runners-up. In 1959 they won Spanish basketball's first-ever league and cup double.\n\n\n=== Decline in the 1960s ===\nThe 1960s and 1970s saw the team in decline. In 1961 the club president Enric Llaudet dissolved the team in spite of its popularity. However, in 1962, the club was reformed after a campaign by the fans. In 1964 the league's Primera División was cut from fourteen teams to eight and the club found themselves in the Segunda División after not finishing between the two first qualified teams in the relegation playoffs. However they quickly returned to the top division after being crowned Segunda champions in 1965. During the 1970s the club was persistently overshadowed by its rivals Real Madrid and Joventut.\n\n\n=== Revival in the 1980s ===\nIn the 1980s club president Josep Lluís Núñez gave the team his full support with the aim of making the club the best in Spain and Europe. His support produced results and during the decade inspired by their coach Aíto García Reneses and players like Juan Antonio San Epifanio (better known as Epi), Andrés Jiménez, Sibilio, Audie Norris and Sol",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "La Liga",
"paragraph_text": "-time records. Across all positions, the other outstanding individuals are Barcelona midfielder Andrés Iniesta with five wins, Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola with four wins, Real Madrid defender Sergio Ramos with four wins, and goalkeepers Iker Casillas of Real Madrid and Víctor Valdés of Barcelona with two wins each.\nMany of the awards were discontinued after the 2015–16 season.\n\n\n== Main categories ==\n\n\n=== Winners ===\n\n\n== Additional categories ==\n\n\n== Other La Liga honours ==\nThe following awards were presented once:\n\n\n=== Player of the season ===\n\n\n=== Best African player ===\n\n\n=== Team of the season ===\n\n\n=== Player and manager of the month ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nDon Balón Award\nMiguel Muñoz Trophy\nTrofeo Alfredo Di Stéfano\nTrofeo Aldo Rovira\nTrofeo EFE\nRicardo Zamora Trophy\nPichichi Trophy\nZarra Trophy\n\n\n== References ==\nNotes\n\nCitationsThe La Liga Awards, previously known as the LFP awards, are presented annually by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP) to the best players and coach in La Liga, the first division of association football in Spain. Established in the 2008–09 season, they were the first official awards in the history of the Spanish competition. La Liga's best coach and player in each position—goalkeeper, defender, midfielder, and forward—were chosen based on a voting by the captain and vice-captains of each club, while the best player overall was determined via statistical analysis.\nSince the La Liga Awards' creation, Barcelona players have won 32 honours in the six main categories, almost triple the number of any other club. Barcelona's forward Lionel Messi has been named La Liga's best player for six times and La Liga's best forward for seven times, both all-time records. Across all positions, the other outstanding individuals are Barcelona midfielder Andrés Iniesta with five wins, Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola with four wins, Real Madrid defender Sergio Ramos with four wins, and goalkeepers Iker Casillas of Real Madrid and Víctor Valdés of Barcelona with two wins each.\nMany of the awards were discontinued after the 2015–16 season.\n\n\n== Main categories ==\n\n\n=== Winners ===\n\n\n== Additional categories ==\n\n\n== Other La Liga honours ==\nThe following awards were presented once:\n\n\n=== Player of the season ===\n\n\n=== Best African player ===\n\n\n=== Team of the season ===\n\n\n=== Player and manager of the month ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nDon Balón Award\nMiguel MuThe competition format follows the usual double round - robin format. During the course of a season, which lasts from August to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 38 matchdays. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, with the highest - ranked club at the end of the season crowned champion.",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| What is the number of matches per season in the league that saw Barcelona clinch the championship in 1948 and 1949? | [
{
"id": 13592,
"question": "What titles did Barcelona win in 1948 and 1949?",
"answer": "La Liga",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 49388,
"question": "#1 standings how many games in a season",
"answer": "38",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| 38 | []
| true | How many games in a season of the league in which Barcelona won titles in 1948 and 1949? |
2hop__421324_97805 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Finnish Navy",
"paragraph_text": " and the vessel was regulated to trial duties. Isku was modified in 1989–1990. The missiles were removed, the hull was lengthened by 7 meters and the deckhouse was also extended. Mine rails were added along the length of the hull and an articulated crane was placed in the bow.\n\n\n==== Pollution control vessels ====\n\n\n== Ordered vessels ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of decommissioned ships of the Finnish Navy\nFinnish Navy\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of ships currently being operated by the Finnish Navy or entering service in the near future, as of September 2018. In the case of a conflict, eight offshore patrol vessels, seven hovercraft and 81 coastal patrol boats from the Finnish Border Guard can be armed and transferred to the Navy.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe Finnish Navy has 246 ships in one naval fleet, the coastal fleet. Project Squadron 2020 will probably lead to a reorganisation of the navy squadrons. The summary of Finnish naval ships:\n\n8 missile boats\n2 mine layers\n3 mine ferries\n3 mine countermeasure vessels\n10 mine sweepers\nApprox. 196 landing craft\n23 transport ships\n6 command boats\n5 training boats\n2 tugs\n2 cable layers\n1 experimental boat\n3 pollution control vessels\n\n\n== Combatants ==\n\n\n=== Missile boats ===\n\n\n== Mine warfare ==\n\n\n=== Minelayers ===\n\n\n=== MinesweepWhen the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war.ThisWhen the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war. experimental boat\n3 pollution control vessels\n\n\n== Combatants ==\n\n\n=== Missile boats ===\n\n\n== Mine warfare ==\n\n\n=== Minelayers ===\n\n\n=== Minesweepers ===\n\n\n== Auxiliaries ==\n\n\n=== Landing craft ===\n\n\n=== Transport ===\n\n\n=== Command launches ===\n\n\n=== Training ships ===\n\n\n=== Other ===\n\n\n==== Tugs ====\n\n\n==== Cable layers ====\n\n\n==== Experimental craft ====\nIsku (English: Strike) was a prototype design for a domestically-made guided missile patrol boat. She was designed with a \"seasled\" planing hull with a rectangular planform. Isku was armed with four Soviet SS-N-2A Styx missiles and a twin 30mm AK-230 anti-aircraft cannon. The design was a failure as it never reached its designed speed and the vessel was regulated to trial duties. Isku was modified in 1989–1990. The missiles were removed, the hull was lengthened by 7 meters and the deckhouse was also extended. Mine rails were added along the length of the hull and an articulated crane was placed in the bow.\n\n\n==== Pollution control vessels ====\n\n\n== Ordered vessels ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of decommissioned ships of the Finnish Navy\nFinnish Navy\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of ships currently being operated by the Finnish Navy or entering service in the near future, as of September 2018. In the case of a conflict, eight offshore patrol vessels, seven hovercraft and 81 coastal patrol boats from the Finnish Border Guard can be armed and transferred to the Navy.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe Finnish Navy has 246 ships in one naval fleet, the coastal fleet. Project Squadron 2020 will probably lead to a reorganisation of the navy squadrons. The summary of Finnish naval ships:\n\n8 missile boats\n2 mine layers\n3 mine ferries\n3 mine countermeasure vessels\n10 mine sweepers\nApprox. 196 landing craft\n23 transport ships\n6 command boats\n5 training boats\n2 tugs\n2 cable layers\n1 experimental boat\n3 pollution control vessels\n\n\n== Combatants ==\n\n\n=== Missile boats ===\n\n\n== Mine warfare ==\n\n\n=== Minelayers ===\n\n\n=== MinesweepWhen the Winter War broke out the Finnish Navy moved to occupy the de-militarized Åland Islands and to protect merchant shipping. In the first month of the war, battles between Soviet ships and Finnish coastal batteries were fought at Hanko, Finland, Utö and Koivisto. At Koivisto and Hanko, the batteries forced Soviet battleships to retire with damage. Finnish efforts to use submarines (\"Vesikko\" and \"Saukko\") to sink Soviet capital ships failed. In December 1939 the ice became so thick that only the ice-breakers could still move. The two coastal defence ships were moved to the harbour in Turku where they were used to strengthen the air-defences of the city. They remained there for the rest of the war.This is a list of ships currently being operated by the Finnish Navy or entering service in the near future, as of September 2018. In the case of a conflict, eight offshore patrol vessels, seven hovercraft and 81 coastal patrol boats from the Finnish Border Guard can be armed and transferred to the Navy.\n\n\n== Summary ==\nThe Finnish Navy has 246 ships in one naval fleet, the coastal fleet. Project Squadron 2020 will probably lead to a reorganisation of the navy squadrons. The summary of Finnish naval ships:\n\n8 missile",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Finnish coastal defence ship Väinämöinen",
"paragraph_text": ". It was said that the ships were uncomfortable, but harmless to their crews.\nThe ship's heavy armament of 254-millimetre (10 in) Bofors guns could fire shells of 255 kilograms (562 lb) up to 31 kilometres (19 mi).\n\n\n=== Fire control ===\nIn fire control, the two coastal ships were identical. The fire control centre and the gun turrets were connected electrically so that ranging and orders could be given without spoken contact. With the aid of mechanical calculators, the values were transferred directly to the gun turrets.\n\n\n== Operational history ==\n\n\n=== Winter War ===\nDuring the Winter War, the two coastal defence ships were transferred to the Åland islands to protect against invasion. When the ice cover started to become too thick in December, the ships were transferred to Turku, where their anti-aircraft artillery aided in the defence of the city.\n\n\n=== Continuation War ===\nThe only time Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen fired their heavy artillery against an enemy was at the beginning of the Continuation War, during the Soviet Red Army evacuation of their base at the Hanko Peninsula. Väinämöinen also participated in the distraction manoeuvre Operation Nordwind on 13 September 1941, during the course of which her sister ship Ilmarinen was lost to mines.\nIn 1943 \"Detachment Väinämöinen\", which consisted of Väinämöinen, six VMV patrol boats and six motor minesweepers, was moved east to take positions along the coast between Helsinki and Kotka. She did not actively participate in many operations, since the heavier Soviet naval units never left Leningrad, where they were used as floating batteries during the siege. As a result, Väinämöinen's primary operational duties were to patrol the Gulf of Finland between the minefields \"Seeigel\" and \"Nashorn\", as well as protection of the German-Finnish anti-submarine net across the gulf.\nDuring the Soviet assault in the summer of 1944, the Soviets put much effort into trying to find and sink Väinämöinen. Reconnaissance efforts revealed a large warship anchored in Kotka harbour and the Soviets launched an air attack of 132 bombers and fighters. However the target was not Väinämöinen — instead it was the German anti-aircraft cruiser Niobe, which was sunk during this attack.\n\n\n=== Postwar ===\nAfter the end of the Continuation War Väinämöinen was handed over as war reparations to the Soviet Union. The ship was handed over on 29 May 1947 to the Soviet Baltic Fleet, where she was renamed Vyborg. The ship served over 6 years in the Red Fleet at the Soviet base in Porkkala, Finland. The ship was called Vanya (a Russian short form of the name Ivan) by the sailors of the Baltic Fleet.\nVyborg was modernized during the 1950Väinämöinen was a Finnish coastal defence ship, the sister ship of the Finnish Navy's flagship and also the first ship of her class. She was built at the Crichton-Vulcan shipyard in Turku and was launched in 1932. Following the end of the Continuation War, \"Väinämöinen\" was handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations and renamed Vyborg. The ship remained in Soviet hands until her scrapping in 1966.VVäinämöinen was a Finnish coastal defence ship, the sister ship of the Finnish Navy's flagship and also the first ship of her class. She was built at the Crichton-Vulcan shipyard in Turku and was launched in 1932. Following the end of the Continuation War, \"Väinämöinen\" was handed over to the Soviet Union as war reparations and renamed Vyborg. The ship remained in Soviet hands until her scrapping in 1966..\n\n\n== Design ==\nVäinämöinen and Ilmarinen were planned to be mobile coastal fortresses for the defence of the Finnish demilitarized islands at Åland in particular. The two ships were not well suited for the open seas due to a design with emphasis on operations in the shallow waters of the archipelago: it has been said that they were volatile and rolled too much. The minimal depth keel, together with the high conning tower, made the ships' movements slow and wide. It was said that the ships were uncomfortable, but harmless to their crews.\nThe ship's heavy armament of 254-millimetre (10 in) Bofors",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In which conflict did the person who controlled the Finnish coastal defence vessel Väinämöinen participate? | [
{
"id": 421324,
"question": "Finnish coastal defence ship Väinämöinen >> operator",
"answer": "Finnish Navy",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 97805,
"question": "Which war did #1 serve in?",
"answer": "Winter War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| Winter War | []
| true | Which war did the operator of Finnish coastal defence ship Väinämöinen serve in? |
3hop1__813285_774554_64412 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": " 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the Vatican City State is made up of two vertically divided sides, one yellow adhering to the hoist and the other white, and in the latter carries the tiara with the keys, all according to the model on Annex A of this Law\".\n\n\n== Regulations ==\n\n\n=== Current regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 23 of the 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\n\n\n=== Previous regulations ===\nThe flag is described in Article 19 of the 1929 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A.\nThe flag is also described in Article 20 of the 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State, with a visual model appended as Attachment A. The 2000 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State's Attachment A, shows a square flag.\nIn 2010, the Apostolic Nunciature to Germany stated that the flag does not have to be square.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nBefore 1808, the Papal States commonly used a bicolor, yellow-red flag, which was derived from the colours of the Holy See's coat of arms, as well as being the two tradional colours of the Senate and the Roman people. In 1798, Napoleon established the Roman Republic, which introduced a black, white, and red flag; after the Papal rule was restored, Pope Pius VII restored the Papal cockade, which was described as red and yellow.\nIn 1808, Pope Pius VII ordered the Vatican's Noble Guard and other troops to replace red color with white, in order to distinguish them from the troops that had been incorporated into Napoleon's army.\nIn 1803, the Papal States started using a white merchant flag with the Papal coat of arms in the centre. This flag was made official on 7 June 1815. On 17 September 1825, it was replaced with a yellow and white flag which took its colours from the materials of the two keys (yellow for gold, white for silver). These colors were probably taken from the 1808 flag of the Palatine guard. This was the first bicolour used by the Papal States and the ancestor of the modern flag of Vatican City. The merchant flag also served as a state flag on land.\nStarting in 1831, the papal infantry flew square yellow and white flags. At first, they were diagonally divided, but after 1849 they were vertically divided like the merchant flag. The last infantry colour, adopted in 1862, was a plain square white and yellow flag.\nOn 8 February 1849, while Pope Pius IX was in exile in Gaeta, a Roman Republic was declared. The new government's flag was the Italian tricolor with the motto \"Dio e Popolo\" on the central stripe. The papal government and its flags were restored on 2 July 1849. On 20 September 1870, the Papal States were conquered by Italy.\nAfter the Lateran Treaty was signed in 1929, papal authorities decided to use the 1825–1870 merchant flag as the state flag of the soon to be independent Vatican City state. The treaty came into effect on 7 June 1929.\n\n\n=== Previous versions ===\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Incorrect version ==\n\nAn incorrect version of the flag has been commonly used. In this version, the visible inner lining of the papal tiara is colored red instead of white, and a different shade of yellow or gold is used in some portions of the coat of arms. This was used as Wikimedia Commons' version of the Vatican flag between 2006 and 2007 and between 2017 and 2022, and has since become widespread on the Internet.\n\n\n== Controversies ==\nDuring Pope Francis's 2018 visit to Ireland, the South Dublin County Council refused to fly the Vatican flag; a local petrol station began to fly the flag in response.\nA Police Scotland list of flags which could be a criminal offence to display \"in a threatening manner\" included the Vatican flag; sectarianism is common in Scotland, especially in Glasgow, and the Vatican flag could supposedly be flown as a sign of Catholic identity to intimidate Protestant neighbours.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nCoat of arms of Vatican City\nList of flags of the Papacy\nHistory of Christian flags\nChristian Flag\nIndex of Vatican City-related articles\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nFlag of Vatican City by Rev. William M. Becker\nBeckerThe name Vatican city was first used in the Lateran Treaty, signed on 11 February 1929, which established the modern city - state. The name is taken from Vatican Hill, the geographic location of the state. ``Vatican ''is derived from the name of an Etruscan settlement, Vatica or Vaticum meaning garden, located in the general area the Romans called vaticanus ager,`` Vatican territory''. at Catholic churches.\nThe flag is a vertical bicolour of yellow and white, with the white half charged with the coat of arms of Vatican City (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was modeled after the 1808 flag of the Papal States, a yellow-and-white bicolour defaced with the tiara and keys in the centre. It is one of only two national flags that use a 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Quadragesimo anno",
"paragraph_text": "adragesimo anno (Latin pronunciation: [k��a.dra��d��������.si.mo ��an.no]) (Latin for \"In the 40th Year\") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical Rerum novarum, further developing Catholic social teaching. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising fromQuadragesimo anno (Latin for \"In the 40th Year\") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical \"Rerum novarum,\" further developing Catholic social teaching. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism, socialism, and totalitarian communism. He also calls for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity.Quadragesimo anno (Latin for \"In the 40th Year\") is an encyclical issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after Leo XIII's encyclical \"Rerum novarum,\" further developing Catholic social teaching. Unlike Leo XIII, who addressed the condition of workers, Pius XI discusses the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He describes the major dangers for human freedom and dignity arising from unrestrained capitalism, socialism, and totalitarian communism. He also calls for the reconstruction of the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Flag of Vatican City",
"paragraph_text": "3 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the VaticanThe flag of Vatican City was adopted on June 7, 1929, the year Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, creating a new independent state governed by the Holy See. The Vatican flag is modeled on the 1808 yellow and white flag of the earlier Papal States, to which a papal tiara and keys were later added. The Vatican (and the Holy See) also refer to it, interchangeably, as the flag of the Holy See.TheThe flag of Vatican City was adopted on June 7, 1929, the year Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, creating a new independent state governed by the Holy See. The Vatican flag is modeled on the 1808 yellow and white flag of the earlier Papal States, to which a papal tiara and keys were later added. The Vatican (and the Holy See) also refer to it, interchangeably, as the flag of the Holy See.icolour of yellow and white, with the white half charged with the coat of arms of Vatican City (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was modeled after the 1808 flag of the Papal States, a yellow-and-white bicolour defaced with the tiara and keys in the centre. It is one of only two national flags that use a 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 2023 Fundamental Law of Vatican City State states: \"The flag of the VaticanThe flag of Vatican City was adopted on June 7, 1929, the year Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, creating a new independent state governed by the Holy See. The Vatican flag is modeled on the 1808 yellow and white flag of the earlier Papal States, to which a papal tiara and keys were later added. The Vatican (and the Holy See) also refer to it, interchangeably, as the flag of the Holy See.The flag of Vatican City, also referred to as the flag of the Holy See, was adopted in 1929, the year Pope Pius XI signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy, creating the new independent state of Vatican City. The Holy See, which governs Vatican City, has ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the worldwide Catholic Church. As a result, the flag is also a symbol of Catholic faith or identity, and is often displayed at Catholic churches.\nThe flag is a vertical bicolour of yellow and white, with the white half charged with the coat of arms of Vatican City (a papal tiara and the crossed keys of Saint Peter). It was modeled after the 1808 flag of the Papal States, a yellow-and-white bicolour defaced with the tiara and keys in the centre. It is one of only two national flags that use a 1:1 aspect ratio, along with the flag of Switzerland.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe 202",
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}
]
| When was the country, where the writer of Quadragesimo Anno passed away, recognized as an independent nation? | [
{
"id": 813285,
"question": "Quadragesimo Anno >> author",
"answer": "Pius XI",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 774554,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Vatican City",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 64412,
"question": "when did #2 become its own country",
"answer": "11 February 1929",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| 11 February 1929 | []
| true | When did the place of death of the author of Quadragesimo Anno become its own country? |
3hop1__140345_2053_52946 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)",
"paragraph_text": " public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe first overall season of Celebrity Big Brother worldwide premiered in the United Kingdom in 2001 while an American version of the format has been speculated since 2002. The first season of the American adaptation was announced during a live double eviction episode of the nineteenth regular season on September 7, 2017 by Julie Chen. The first season was scheduled during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The series premiere was the number one program for CBS attracting 7.27 million viewers and the highest-rated season premiere since Big Brother 13. The program was often covered in the media due to the inclusion of Omarosa Manigault and her political revelations in the first season.\nIn September 2021, CBS renewed Celebrity Big Brother for a third season, which premiered on February 2, 202Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a reality television spin-off series of the American adaptation of Big Brother created by John de Mol. The series began on February 7, 2018 on CBS in the United States and is simulcast in Canada on Global. The series is filmed at CBS Studio Center in sound stage eighteen located in Studio City, Los Angeles. Julie Chen Moonves reprises her role as host from Big Brother with Allison GrodCelebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of \"Celebrity\" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to 3 months) and a smaller grand prize ($250,000 as opposed to $750,000)\nEach season is also transmitted in real-time which allows for greater viewer participation in the form of America's Vote where the public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe first overall season of Celebrity Big Brother worldwide premiered in the United Kingdom in 2001 while an American version of the format has been speculated since 2002. The first season of the American adaptation was announced during a live double eviction episode of the nineteenth regular season on September 7, 2017 by Julie Chen",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Law of the Plainsman",
"paragraph_text": " with The Rifleman, this series was produced by Four Star Productions in association with Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions.\nLaw of the Plainsman is distinctive in that it was one of the few television programs that featured a Native American as the lead character, a bold move for U.S. network television at that time. Ansara had earlier appeared in the series Broken Arrow, having portrayed the Apache chief, Cochise. Ansara, however, was not Native American but of Lebanese descent.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAnsara played Sam Buckhart, an Apache Indian who saved the life of a U.S. Cavalry officer after an Indian ambush. When the officer later died, he left Sam money that was used for an education at private schools and Harvard University. After school, he returned to New Mexico where he became a deputy marshal working for Marshal Andy Morrison. He lived in a boarding house run by Martha Commager. Other continuing characters include 8-year old Tess Logan, an orphan who had been rescued by Buckhart, and a second Deputy Marshal, Billy Lordan.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nMichael Ansara as Deputy Marshal Sam Buckhart\n\n\n=== Recurring ===\nGina Gillespie as Tess Wilkins (15 episodes)\nDayton Lummis as Marshal Andy Morrison (9 episodes)\nNora Marlowe as Martha Commager (7 episodesLaw of the Plainsman is a Western television series starring Michael Ansara that aired on the NBC television network from October 1, 1959, until May 5, 1960. Native American U.S. Marshal Sam Buckhart was introduced in two episodes (\"The Indian\" and \"The Raid\") of the popular ABC Western television series The Rifleman starring Chuck Connors. As with The Rifleman, this series was produced by Four Star Productions in association with Levy-Gardner-Laven Productions.\nLaw of the Plainsman is distinctive in that it was one of the few television programs that featured a Native American as the lead character, a bold move for U.S. network television at that time. Ansara had earlier appeared in the series Broken Arrow, having portrayed the Apache chief, Cochise. Ansara, however, was not Native American but of Lebanese descent.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAnsara played Sam Buckhart, an Apache Indian who saved the life of a U.S. Cavalry officer after an Indian ambush. When the officer later died, he left Sam",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "New York City",
"paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the scheduled release date for Celebrity Big Brother on the broadcasting network based in New York, which is considered a primary broadcaster alongside ABC and the channel that aired Law of the Plainsman? | [
{
"id": 140345,
"question": "What was the station that aired Law of the Plainsman?",
"answer": "NBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 2053,
"question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?",
"answer": "CBS",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 52946,
"question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2",
"answer": "February 7, 2018",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
]
| February 7, 2018 | []
| true | When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the network which aired Law of the Plainsman, is the other major broadcaster based in NY? |
4hop2__9988_261673_70784_79935 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the riseSubsequently with the disgrace of \"Near East\" in diplomatic and military circles, \"Middle East\" prevailed. However, \"Near East\" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. Historically, the term Near East was used in conjunction with the Middle East (Iran to Myanmar) and the Far East (China and beyond), together known as the \"three Easts\"; it was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of nationalist Balkan states, which saw the independence of the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, the Danubian Principalities, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Up until 1912, the Ottom",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in West Asia, the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. Its extensive coastlines provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and the Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 7% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1960s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts.\n\n\n== Boundaries ==\n\nSaudi Arabia is bounded by seven countries and three bodies of water. To the west, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea form a coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This section of the border with Yemen was demarcated in 1934 and is one of the few clearly defined borders with a neighbouring country. The Saudi border running southeast fromThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "History of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": " historical regions: Hejaz, Najd and parts of Eastern Arabia (Al-Ahsa), and Southern Arabia ('Asir). The modern Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaFor much of the region's history a patchwork of tribal rulers controlled most of the area. The Al Saud (the Saudi royal family) emerged as minor tribal rulers in Najd in central Arabia. From the mid-18th century, imbued with the religious zeal of the Wahhabi Islamic movement, they became aggressively expansionist. Over the following 150 years, the extent of the Al Saud territory fluctuated. However, between 1902 and 1927, the Al Saud leader, Abdulaziz, carried out a series of wars of conquest which resulted in his establishing the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1930. 632, his followers rapidly expanded the territory under Muslim rule beyond Arabia, conquering huge and unprecedented swathes of territory (from the Iberian Peninsula in the west to modern-day",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Shamal (wind)",
"paragraph_text": " winter storms can bring heavy snow to the terrain, a layer of dust can settle onto the snowpack.\nA winter shamal is associated with the strengthening of a high-pressure area over theA shamal (, 'north') is a northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states (including Saudi Arabia and Kuwait), often strong during the day, but decreasing at night. This weather effect occurs anywhere from once to several times a year, mostly in summer but sometimes in winter. The resulting wind typically creates large sandstorms that impact Iraq, most sand having been picked up from Jordan and Syria.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When was the area directly above the one associated with the Near East's downfall and the landform affected by shamal winds established? | [
{
"id": 9988,
"question": "What prevailed with the disgrace of \"Near East\"?",
"answer": "\"Middle East\"",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 261673,
"question": "shamal >> located on terrain feature",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #1 and #2",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 79935,
"question": "when was #3 created",
"answer": "1930",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| 1930 | []
| true | When was the region immediately north of the region that prevailed with the disgrace of Near East and the terrain feature on which shamal is located created? |
2hop__204146_850295 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Kapalkundala",
"paragraph_text": "Kapalkundala (), also known as Mrinmoyee, is a Bengali romance novel by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Published in 1866, it is a story of a forest-dwelling girl named Kapalkundala, who fell in love and got married to Nabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, but eventually found that she is unable to adjust herself with the city life. Following the success of Chattopadhyay’s first novel \"Durgeshnandini\", he decided to write about a girl who is brought up in a remote forest by a Kapalika (Tantrik sage) and never saw anyone but her foster-father. The story is set in Dariapur, Contai in modern-day Purba Medinipur district, Paschimbanga (West Bengal) where Chattopadhyay served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector.Kapalkundala (), also known as Mrinmoyee, is a Bengali romance novel by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Published in 1866, it is a story of a forest-dwelling girl named Kapalkundala, who fell in love and got married to Nabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, but eventually found that she is unable to adjust herself with the city life. Following the success of Chattopadhyay’s first novel \"Durgeshnandini\", he decided to write about a girl who is brought up in a remote forest by a Kapalika (Tantrik sage) and never saw anyone but her foster-father. The story is set in Dariapur, Contai in modern-day Purba Medinipur district, Paschimbanga (West Bengal) where Chattopadhyay served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector.Kapalkundala (Bengali: ����া��������্����া) is a Bengali romance novel by Indian writer Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Published in 1866, it is a story of a forest-dwelling girl named Kapalkundala, who fell in love with and married Nabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, but eventually found that she is unable to adjust herself with the city life. Following the success of Chattopadhyay's first novel Durgeshnandini, he decided to write about a girl who is brought up in a remote forest by a Kapalika (Tantrik sage) and never saw anyone but her foster-father. The story is set in Dariapur, Contai in modern-day Purba Medinipur district, Paschimbanga (West Bengal) where Chattopadhyay served as a Deputy Magistrate and Deputy Collector.\nKapalkundala is considered one of the finest and the most popular of Chattopadhyay's novels. It has been translated into English, German, Hindi, Gujarati, Tamil, Telugu and Sanskrit. Girish Chandra Ghosh, one of the pioneers of Bengali drama, and Atul Krishna Mitra dramatized the novel separately.\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nNabakumar, a young gentleman from Saptagram, got lost in a forest while returning from pilgrimage in Gangasagar. He met a Tantric sage who trapped him, intending to make him a sacrifice to goddess Shamshaan\nKali; but was later freed secretly by Kap",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay",
"paragraph_text": " at Hooghly Mohsin College, founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.\nSanjib Chandra is widely regarded as a key figure in literary renaissance of Bengal as well as India. Some of his writings, including novels, essays and commentaries, were a breakaway from traditional verse-oriented Indian writings, and provided an inspiration for authors across India.\n\n\n== Early life and background ==\nSanjib Chandra was born in the village Kanthalpara in the town of North 24 Parganas, Near Naihati, in an orthodox Bengali Brahmin family, the youngest of three brothers, to Yadav (or Jadab) Chandra Chattopadhyaya and Durgadebi. His family was orthodox, and his father, a government official who went on to become the Deputy Collector of Midnapur. He is known for his famous book \"Palamau\", one of his brothers, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was also a novelist.\nHe was educated at the Hooghly Mohsin College founded by philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and later at the Presidency College, graduating with a degree in Arts [Law] in 1857. He was among the early graduates of the University of Calcutta. He later obtained a degree in Law as well, in 1869.\nHe was appointed as Deputy Collector, just like his father, of Jessore, Chattopadhyay went on to become a Deputy Magistrate, retiring from government service in 1891. His years at work were peppered with incidents that brought him into conflict with the ruling British. However, he was made a Companion, Order of the Indian Empire in 1894.\n\n\n== Literary career ==\nBangadarshan was published by his editorial ship.\nPalamou - A travel literature, considered as a classic.\nBengal Ryots : Their Rights and Liabilities\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nUjjal Kumar Majumdar: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay: His Contribution to Indian Life and Culture. Calcutta : The Asiatic Society, Sanjib Chandra was born to an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.SanjSanjib Chandra was born to an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.hae; 1834 – 18 April 1889) was a Bengali writer, poet and journalist. He was the elder brother of Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.\nSanjib Chandra was born to an orthodox Brahmin family at Kanthalpara, North 24 Parganas. He was educated at Hooghly Mohsin College, founded by Bengali philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and Presidency College, Calcutta. He was one of the first graduates of the University of Calcutta.\nSanjib Chandra is widely regarded as a key figure in literary renaissance of Bengal as well as India. Some of his writings, including novels, essays and commentaries, were a breakaway from traditional verse-oriented Indian writings, and provided an inspiration for authors across India.\n\n\n== Early life and background ==\nSanjib Chandra was born in the village Kanthalpara in the town of North 24 Parganas, Near Naihati, in an orthodox Bengali Brahmin family, the youngest of three brothers, to Yadav (or Jadab) Chandra Chattopadhyaya and Durgadebi. His family was orthodox, and his father, a government official who went on to become the Deputy Collector of Midnapur. He is known for his famous book \"Palamau\", one of his brothers, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was also a novelist.\nHe was educated at the Hooghly Mohsin College founded by philanthropist Muhammad Mohsin and later at the Presidency College, graduating with a degree in Arts [Law] in 1857. He was among the early graduates of the University of Calcutta. He later obtained a degree in Law as well, in 1869.\nHe was appointed as Deputy Collector, just like his father, of Jessore, Chattopadhyay went on to become a Deputy Magistrate, retiring from government service in 1891. His years at work were peppered with incidents that brought him into conflict with the ruling British. However, he was made a Companion, Order of the Indian Empire in 1894.\n\n\n== Literary career ==\nBangadarshan was published by his editorial ship.\nPalamou - A travel literature, considered as",
"is_supporting": true
}
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| Who is the brother or sister of the writer who penned Kapalkundala? | [
{
"id": 204146,
"question": "Kapalkundala >> author",
"answer": "Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 850295,
"question": "#1 >> sibling",
"answer": "Sanjib Chandra",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| Sanjib Chandra | [
"Sanjib Chandra Chattopadhyay"
]
| true | Who is the sibling of the author of Kapalkundala? |
2hop__157737_46621 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Solar System",
"paragraph_text": " plane of the planets. The positions of the planets might have shifted due to gravitational interactions. Planetary migration may have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.\nIn roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward to many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce the Sun's retinue of planets. Some planets will be destroyed, and others ejected into interstellar space. Ultimately, over the course of tens of billions of years, it is likely that the Sun will be left with none of the original bodies in orbit around it.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIdeas concerning the origin and fate of the world date from the earliest known writings; however, for almost all of that time, there was no attempt to link such theories to the existence of a \"Solar System\", simply because it was not generally thought that the Solar System, in the sense we nowKepler's laws of planetary motion describe the orbits of objects about the Sun. Following Kepler's laws, each object travels along an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. Objects closer to the Sun (with smaller semi-major axes) travel more quickly because they are more affected by the Sun's gravity. On an elliptical orbit, a body's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its perihelion, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its aphelion. The orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. The positions of the bodies in the Solar System can be predicted using numerical models.ThereKepler's laws of planetary motion describe the orbits of objects about the Sun. Following Kepler's laws, each object travels along an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. Objects closer to the Sun (with smaller semi-major axes) travel more quickly because they are more affected by the Sun's gravity. On an elliptical orbit, a body's distance from the Sun varies over the course of its year. A body's closest approach to the Sun is called its perihelion, whereas its most distant point from the Sun is called its aphelion. The orbits of the planets are nearly circular, but many comets, asteroids, and Kuiper belt objects follow highly elliptical orbits. The positions of the bodies in the Solar System can be predicted using numerical models.ets in the 1990s, the model has been both challenged and refined to account for new observations.\nThe Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation. Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later to have been captured by their planets. Still others, such as Earth's Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. Beyond Neptune, many sub-planet sized objects formed. Several thousand trans-Neptunian objects have been observed. Unlike the planets, these trans-Neptunian objects mostly move on eccentric orbits, inclined to the plane of the planets. The positions of the planets might have shifted due to gravitational interactions. Planetary migration may have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.\nIn roughly 5 billion years, the Sun will cool and expand outward to many times its current diameter (becoming a red giant), before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind a stellar remnant known as a white dwarf. In the distant future, the gravity of passing stars will gradually reduce",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Heliocentrism",
"paragraph_text": " the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – 385 BC). In the 5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because ofHeliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientificHeliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, Heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, but at least in the medieval world, Aristarchus's Heliocentrism attracted little attention -- possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the third century BC by Aristarchus of Samos, who had been influenced by a concept presented by Philolaus of Croton (c. 470 – 385 BC). In the 5th century BC the Greek Philosophers Philolaus and Hicetas had the thought on different occasions that the Earth was spherical and revolving around a \"mystical\" central fire, and that this fire regulated the universe. In medieval Europe, however, Aristarchus' heliocentrism attracted little attention—possibly because of the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic period.\nIt was not until the sixteenth century that a mathematical model of a heliocentric system was presented by the Renaissance mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic cleric, Nicolaus Copernicus, leading to the Copernican Revolution. In the following century, Johannes Kepler introduced elliptical orbits, and Galileo Galilei presented supporting observations made using a telescope.\nWith the observations of William Herschel, Friedrich Bessel, and other astronomers, it was realized that the Sun, while near the barycenter of the Solar System, was not at any center of the universe.\n\n\n== Ancient and medieval astronomy ==\nWhile the sphericity of the Earth was widely recognized in Greco-Roman astronomy from at least the 4th century BC, the Earth's daily rotation and yearly orbit around the Sun was never universally accepted until the Copernican Revolution.\nWhile a moving Earth was proposed at least from the 4th century BC in Pythagoreanism, and a fully developed heliocentric model was developed by Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC, these ideas were not successful in replacing the view of a static spherical Earth, and from the 2nd century AD the predominant model, which would be inherited by medieval astronomy, was the geocentric model described in Ptolemy's Almagest.\n\nThe Ptolemaic system was a sophisticated astronomical system that managed to calculate the positions for the planets to a fair degree of accuracy.\nPtolemy himself, in his Almagest, says that any model for describing the motions of the planets is merely a mathematical device, and since there is no actual way to know which is true, the simplest model that gets the right numbers should be used.\nHowever, he rejected the idea of a spinning Earth as absurd as he believed it would create huge winds. Within his model the distances of the Moon, Sun, planets and stars could be determined by treating orbits' celestial spheres as contiguous realities, which gave the stars' distance as less than 20 Astronomical Units, a regression, since Aristarchus of Samos's heliocentric scheme had centuries earlier necessarily placed the stars at least two orders of magnitude more distant.\nProblems with Ptolemy's system were well recognized in medieval astronomy, and an increasing effort to criticize and improve it in the late medieval period eventually led to the Copernican heliocentrism developed in Renaissance astronomy.\n\n\n=== Classical antiquity ===\n\n\n==== Pythagoreans ====\nThe first non-geocentric model of the universe was proposed by the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus (d. 390 BC), who taught that at the center of the universe was a \"central fire\", around which the Earth, Sun, Moon and planets revolved in uniform circular motion. This system postulated the existence of a counter-earth collinear with the Earth and central fire, with the same period of revolution around the central fire as the Earth. The Sun revolved around the central fire once a year, and the stars were stationary. The Earth maintained the same hidden face towards the central fire, rendering both it and the \"counter-earth\" invisible from Earth. The Pythagorean concept of uniform circular motion remained unchallenged for approximately the next 2000 years, and it was to the Pythagoreans that Copernicus referred to show that the notion of a moving Earth was neither new nor revolutionary. Kepler gave an alternative explanation of the Pythagoreans' \"central fire\" as the Sun, \"as most sects purposely hid[e] their teachings\".\nHeraclides of Pontus (4th century BC) said that the rotation of the Earth explained the apparent daily motion of the celestial sphere. It used to be thought that he believed Mercury and Venus to revolve around the Sun, which in turn (along with the other planets) revolves around the Earth. Macrobius (AD 395—423) later described this as the \"Egyptian System,\" stating that \"it did not escape the skill of the Egyptians,\" though there is no other evidence it was known in ancient Egypt.\n\n\n==== Aristarchus of Samos ====\n\nThe first person known to have proposed a heliocentric system was Aristarchus of Samos (c.��270 BC). Like his contemporary Eratosthenes, Aristarchus calculated the size of the Earth and measured the sizes and distances of the Sun and Moon. From his estimates, he concluded that the Sun was six to seven times wider than the Earth, and thought that the larger object would have the most attractive force.\nHis writings on the heliocentric system are lost, but some information about them is known from a brief description by his contemporary, Archimedes, and from scattered references by later writers. Archimedes' description of Aristarchus' theory is given in the former's book, The Sand Reckoner. The entire description comprises just three sentences, which Thomas Heath translates as follows:\n\nYou [King Gelon] are aware that \"universe\" is the name given by most astronomers to the sphere, the centre of which is the centre of the earth, while its radius is equal to the straight line between the centre of the sun and the centre of the earth. This is the common account (τά γραφόμενα), as you have heard from astronomers. But Aristarchus brought out a book consisting of certain hypotheses, wherein it appears, as a consequence of the assumptions made, that the universe is many times greater than the \"universe\" just mentioned. His hypotheses are that the fixed stars and the sun remain unmoved, that the earth revolves about the sun on the circumference of a circle, the sun lying in the middle of the orbit, and that the sphere of the fixed stars, situated about the same centre as",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When was it uncovered that the celestial entity, which all objects orbit as per Kepler's laws, is the core of the solar system? | [
{
"id": 157737,
"question": "What do all objects focus on according to Kepler's laws?",
"answer": "Sun",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 46621,
"question": "when was the #1 discovered to be the center of the solar system",
"answer": "as early as the 3rd century BC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
]
| as early as the 3rd century BC | []
| true | When was the celestial body that all objects focus on according to Kepler's laws discovered to be the center of the solar system? |
2hop__56851_343058 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Mirrorball (TV pilot)",
"paragraph_text": " completely different. It was produced as a pilot episode for what Saunders intended to be a new show. Mirrorball ended up inspiring Saunders to revive Absolutely Fabulous in 2001, and a full series was never produced.\n\n\n== Plot synopsis ==\nThe show centers around Vivienne Keill (Saunders) and Jackie Riviera (Joanna Lumley), two aging stage actresses who live in vertically adjacent flats. The two are of questionable talent, and their careers seem to be at a standstill. During the course of the pilot,Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.All of the main cast members (and several supporting cast members) from the popular series Absolutely Fabulous were also cast in this show, although the plot and characters were completely different. It was produced as a pilot episode for what Saunders intended to be a new show. Mirrorball ended up inspiring Saunders to revive Absolutely Fabulous in 2001, and a full series was never produced.\n\n\n== Plot synopsis ==\nThe show centers around Vivienne Keill (Saunders) and Jackie Riviera (Joanna Lumley), two aging stage actresses who live in vertically adjacent flats. The two are of questionable talent, and their careers seem to be at a standstill. During the course of the pilot, Vivienne has the opportunity to be cast in a new show but delivers",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Shrek 2",
"paragraph_text": ", Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.ReShrek 2 is a 2004 American computer - animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's Shrek, with Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.og\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts at IMDbRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of theShrek 2 is a 2004 American computer - animated fantasy film produced by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Andrew Adamson, Kelly Asbury and Conrad Vernon. It is the sequel to 2001's Shrek, with Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy and Cameron Diaz reprising their respective voice roles of Shrek, Donkey, and Fiona from the first film, joined by Antonio Banderas, Julie Andrews, John Cleese, Rupert Everett, and Jennifer Saunders. Sometime after the first film, Shrek, Donkey and Fiona go to visit Fiona's parents (voiced by Andrews and Cleese), while Shrek and Donkey discover that a greedy Fairy God Mother (voiced by Saunders) is plotting to destroy Shrek and Fiona's marriage so Fiona can marry her son, Prince Charming (voiced by Everett). Shrek and Donkey team up with a swashbuckling cat named Puss in Boots (voiced by Banderas) to stop her.Revenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of the sport.\nTheir nemesis Kingsley Brown and his sidekick Spinks are back again attempting to throw a wrench into the works for Max & Eddie's riders, but this time they have even more tricks up their sleeves.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nTom Green as Kingsley Brown\nDave England as Max Fisher\nCarlo Marks as Chris James\nAmber Borycki as Tracy\nAlain Chanoine as Juice\nShane Meier as Sphinx\nJuan Riedinger as K-Dog\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts at IMDbRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of the sport.\nTheir nemesis Kingsley Brown and his sidekick Spinks are back again attempting to throw a wrench into the works for Max & Eddie's riders, but this time they have even more tricks up their sleeves.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nTom Green as Kingsley Brown\nDave England as Max Fisher\nCarlo Marks as Chris James\nAmber Borycki as Tracy\nAlain Chanoine as Juice\nShane Meier as Sphinx\nJuan Riedinger as K-Dog\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts at IMDbRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of the sport.\nTheir nemesis Kingsley Brown and his sidekick Spinks are back again attempting to throw a wrench into the works for Max & Eddie's riders, but this time they have even more tricks up their sleeves.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nTom Green as Kingsley Brown\nDave England as Max Fisher\nCarlo Marks as Chris James\nAmber Borycki as Tracy\nAlain Chanoine as Juice\nShane Meier as Sphinx\nJuan Riedinger as K-Dog\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts at IMDbRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of the sport.\nTheir nemesis Kingsley Brown and his sidekick Spinks are back again attempting to throw a wrench into the works for Max & Eddie's riders, but this time they have even more tricks up their sleeves.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nTom Green as Kingsley Brown\nDave England as Max Fisher\nCarlo Marks as Chris James\nAmber Borycki as Tracy\nAlain Chanoine as Juice\nShane Meier as Sphinx\nJuan Riedinger as K-Dog\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts at IMDbRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of the sport.\nTheir nemesis Kingsley Brown and his sidekick Spinks are back again attempting to throw a wrench into the works for Max & Eddie's riders, but this time they have even more tricks up their sleeves.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nTom Green as Kingsley Brown\nDave England as Max Fisher\nCarlo Marks as Chris James\nAmber Borycki as Tracy\nAlain Chanoine as Juice\nShane Meier as Sphinx\nJuan Riedinger as K-Dog\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts at IMDbRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts is a 2009 snowboarding film and a sequel to Shred (2008) that stars Tom Green and Dave England. It was filmed at Big White Ski Resort in British Columbia, Canada.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nRevenge of the Boarding School Dropouts finds the young riders from the first film living the life of rock stars, with photo shoots, video stardom and parties threatening the will of the team to stay together and maintain their commitment to the true essence of the sport.\nTheir nemesis Kingsley Brown and his sidekick Spinks are back again attempting to throw a wrench into the works for Max & Eddie's riders, but this time they have even more tricks up their sleeves.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nTom Green as Kingsley Brown\nDave England as Max Fisher\nCarlo Marks as Chris James\nAmber Borycki as Tracy\nAlain Chanoine as Juice\nShane Meier as Sphinx\nJuan Riedinger as K-Dog\nKyle Labine as Mikey\nPascale Hutton as Danielle\nLindsay Maxwell as Lisa\nJason Bothe as Eddy\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nRevenge",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is married to the woman who portrayed the fairy godmother in the sequel of Shrek? | [
{
"id": 56851,
"question": "who plays the fairy god mother in shrek 2",
"answer": "Jennifer Saunders",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 343058,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Adrian Edmondson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Adrian Edmondson | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the actress who played the fairy god mother in Shrek 2? |
3hop1__632623_160713_77246 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Partition of India",
"paragraph_text": " thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tensionAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bashir Rafiq",
"paragraph_text": "Tablighi missionary group. He was held in a Black site as a ghost prisoner, before being transferred to Guantanamo.\nAccording to a report on the CIA's use of torture prepared by the Senate Intelligence Committee, al Hami was one of the CIA's captives who interrogators tortured without first getting authorization.\n\n\n== Background ==\nA Tunisian Arab, he lived for several years in Europe, before traveling to Afghanistan. He acknowledged that he had lived and traveled in Europe using forged identity documents, and had, at times, supported himself by selling illegal drugs. Iran was once a tacit ally of the United States, transferring approximately a dozen suspects, including al Hami, to US custody. Iran captured him in January 2002.\nWhen the Supreme Court ruled, in 2004, in Rasul v. Bush, that the Bush administration did, after all, have to provide captives an opportunity to learn why they were being held, two of the three unclassified allegations offered as justifications for his detention focused around his attendance at the Khalden training camp in December 2000. According to the allegations, Khalden was an al Qaeda training camp. Khalden however, predates al Qaeda by over a decade, and is reported to have remained independent until the Taliban shut it down to accommodate Osama bin Laden, who was jealous of camps that he regarded as his rivals.\nAl Hami acknowledged, in his testimony before his Combatant Status Review Tribunal, that he had confessed to attending the Khalden camp in December 2000 — but claimed he only acknowledged attending this camp because he was being tortured.\nAl Hami has a writ of habeas corpus and two protective orders filed on his behalf.\nOne protective order requires the government giving his lawyers thirty days notice of any plans to transfer him, because Kessler agreed he had a reasonable fear of torture, if he were to be repatriated to Tunisia.\nThe other protective order requires the government to preserve any remaining evidence that he had been subjected toRafiq is the author of 12 books on Islam and Contemporary Religion written both in English and Urdu. He was editor of 2 English magazines, \"The Review of Religions\" and \"The Muslim Herald\". He was also on the Editorial Board of the Islamic Magazine \"Al Furqan\", published from Pakistan.RRafiq is the author of 12 books on Islam and Contemporary Religion written both in English and Urdu. He was editor of 2 English magazines, \"The Review of Religions\" and \"The Muslim Herald\". He was also on the Editorial Board of the Islamic Magazine \"Al Furqan\", published from Pakistan. Serial Number was 892.\nThe Department of Defense reports that he was born on 14 March 1969, in Tunisia.\nA Tunisian-born German worker in the restaurant industry, he was captured by unknown Iranian authorities and handed over to the CIA after traveling to Pakistan in 1999 to study with the Jamaat al-Tablighi missionary group. He was held in a Black site as a ghost prisoner, before being transferred to Guantanamo.\nAccording to a report on the CIA's use of torture prepared by the Senate Intelligence Committee, al Hami was one of the CIA's captives who interrogators tortured without first getting authorization.\n\n\n== Background ==\nA Tunisian Arab, he lived for several years in Europe, before traveling to Afghanistan. He acknowledged that he had lived and traveled in Europe using forged identity documents, and had, at times, supported himself by selling illegal drugs. Iran was once a tacit ally of the United States, transferring approximately a dozen suspects, including al Hami, to US custody. Iran captured him in January 2002.\nWhen the Supreme Court ruled,",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Hindus",
"paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India. around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Since ancient times, Hindu has been used to refer to people inhibiting region beyond the Sindhu river, therefore some assumptions that medieval Persian authors considered Hindu as derogatory is not accepted by practicing Hindus themselves as those references are much later to references used in pre-Islamic Persian sources, early Arab and Indian sources, all of them had positive connotation only as they either referred to region or followers of Hinduism.\nThe historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear. Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it may have developed post-8th century CE after the Muslim invasions and medieval Hindu–Muslim wars. A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and Bengali. The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir, Tulsidas and Eknath used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also",
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| What translation does the Arabic dictionary provide for the term that also signifies the predominant religion in India at the time of the founding of the nation where Rabwah resides? | [
{
"id": 632623,
"question": "Rabwah >> country",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 160713,
"question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?",
"answer": "Hindu",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 77246,
"question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary",
"answer": "the country of India",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
}
]
| the country of India | [
"IND",
"IN",
"India",
"in",
"Republic of India"
]
| true | In the arabic dictionary what is the meaning of the word that also refers to the majority religion in India during the creation of the country where Rabwah is located? |
2hop__728969_131890 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "George Mills (footballer)",
"paragraph_text": " 16 September 2023 at the Eugene Diamond League meeting, with a third place finish Mills moved to third place on the British all-time list for the mile behind Steve Cram and Sebastian Coe with a time of 3:47.65.\nOn 26 January 2024, Mills ran a personal best time of 12:58.68 in the indoor 5000m at the BU John Thomas Terrier Classic. Mills came in 2nd place in the Scarlet Heat, ahead of Yared Nuguse (13:02.09) and behind Edwin Kurgat of Under Armour (12:57.52). This hits the 2024 Olympic standard of 13:05.00.\nOn 11 February 2024, Mills finished 3rd in the NYRR Wanamaker Mile, in an indoor personal best time of 3:48.93.\nAfter winning the 1500 metres silver medal at the 2024 British Athletics Championships, Mills was subsequently named in the Great Britain team for the 2024 Summer Olympics.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHis father is former professional footballer Danny Mills. His brother is Everton player Stanley Mills.\n\n\n== References ==George Mills (born 11 May 1999) is an English athlete specialising in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe became British champion when winning the 1500 metres event at the 2020 British Athletics Championships in a time of 3 min 51.39 secs.\nOn 16 September 2023 at the Eugene Diamond League meeting, with a third place finish Mills moved to third place on the British all-time list for the mile behind Steve Cram and Sebastian Coe with a time of 3:47.65.\nOn 26 January 2024, Mills ran a personal best time of 12:58.68 in the indoor 5000m at the BU John Thomas Terrier Classic. Mills came in 2nd place in the Scarlet Heat, ahead of Yared Nuguse (13:02.09) and behind Edwin Kurgat of Under Armour (12:57.52). This hits the 2024 Olympic standard of 13:05.00.\nOn 11 February 2024, Mills finished 3rd in the NYRR Wanamaker Mile, in an indoor personal best time of 3:48.93.\nAfter winning the 1500 metres silver medal at the 2024 British Athletics Championships, Mills was subsequently named in the Great Britain team for the 2024 Summer Olympics.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHis father is former professional footballer Danny Mills. His brother is Everton player Stanley Mills.\n\n\n== References ==George Mills (born 11 May 1999) is an English athlete specialising in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe became British champion when winning the 1500 metres event at the 2020 British Athletics Championships in a time of 3 min 51.39 secs.\nOn 16 September 2023 at the Eugene Diamond League meeting, with a third place finish Mills moved to third place on the British all-time list for the mile behind Steve Cram and Sebastian Coe with a time of 3:47.65.\nOn 26 January 2024, Mills ran a personal best time ofGeorge Robert Mills (born 29 December 1908 in Deptford, died 15 July 1970) was an English footballer, principally for Chelsea.GeGeorge Robert Mills (born 29 December 1908 in Deptford, died 15 July 1970) was an English footballer, principally for Chelsea. became British champion when winning the 1500 metres event at the 2020 British Athletics Championships in a time of 3 min 51.39 secs.\nOn 16 September 2023 at the Eugene Diamond League meeting, with a third place finish Mills moved to third place on the British all-time list for the mile behind Steve Cram and Sebastian Coe with a time of 3:47.65.\nOn 26 January 2024, Mills ran a personal best time of 12:58.68 in the indoor 5000m at the BU John Thomas Terrier Classic. Mills came in 2nd place in the Scarlet Heat, ahead of Yared Nuguse (13:02.09) and behind Edwin Kurgat of Under Armour (12:57.52). This hits the 2024 Olympic standard of 13:05.00.\nOn 11 February 2024, Mills finished 3rd in the NYRR Wanamaker Mile, in an indoor personal best time of 3:48.93.\nAfter winning the 1500 metres silver medal at the 2024 British Athletics Championships, Mills was subsequently named in the Great Britain team for the 2024 Summer Olympics.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nHis father is former professional footballer Danny Mills. His brother is Everton player Stanley Mills.\n\n\n== References ==George Mills (born 11 May 1999) is an English athlete specialising in the 1500 metres and 5000",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Deptford",
"paragraph_text": "1900 until 1965, when the area became part of the newly created London Borough of Lewisham.\n\n\n== History ==\nDeptford took its name from a ford across the Ravensbourne (near what is now Deptford Bridge DLR station) along the route of the Celtic trackway which was later paved by the Romans and developed into the medieval Watling Street. The modern name is a corruption of \"deep ford\".\nDeptford was part of the pilgrimage route from London to Canterbury used by the pilgrims in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, and is mentioned in the prologue to \"The Reeve's Tale\". The ford developed into first a wooden then a stone bridge, and in 1497 saw the Battle of Deptford Bridge, in which rebelsDeptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.DeDeptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.e in a house along Deptford Strand.\nThough Deptford began as two small communities, one at the ford, and the other a fishing village on the Thames, Deptford's history and population has been mainly associated with the docks established by Henry VIII. The two communities grew together and flourished during the period when the docks were the main administrative centre of the Royal Navy, and some grand houses like Sayes Court, home to diarist John Evelyn, and Stone House on Lewisham Way, were erected. The area declined as first the Royal Navy moved out, and then the commercial docks themselves declined until the last dock, Convoys Wharf, closed in 2000.\nA Metropolitan Borough of Deptford existed from 1900 until 1965, when the area became part of the newly created London Borough of Lewisham.\n\n\n== History ==\nDeptford took its name from a ford across the Ravensbourne (near what is now Deptford Bridge DLR station) along the route of the Celtic trackway which was later paved by the Romans and developed into the medieval Watling Street. The modern name is a corruption of \"deep ford\".\nDeptford was part of the pilgrimage route from London to Canterbury used by the",
"is_supporting": true
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| What is the name of the body of water located close to the birthplace of George Mills? | [
{
"id": 728969,
"question": "George Mills >> place of birth",
"answer": "Deptford",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 131890,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "River Thames",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| River Thames | []
| true | Which is the body of water near George Mills' place of birth? |
2hop__109131_343058 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Absolutely Fabulous",
"paragraph_text": "Absolutely Fabulous, also known as Ab Fab, is a former British television sitcom created by, written by and starring Jennifer Saunders. It is based on the 1990 \"French & Saunders\" sketch \"Modern Mother and Daughter\", created by Saunders and Dawn French.Absolutely Fabulous, also known as Ab Fab, is a former British television sitcom created by, written by and starring Jennifer Saunders. It is based on the 1990 \"French & Saunders\" sketch \"Modern Mother and Daughter\", created by Saunders and Dawn French.Absolutely Fabulous (often shortened to Ab Fab) is a British television sitcom based on the French and Saunders sketch \"Modern Mother and Daughter\", created by Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders. The show was created and written by Saunders, who also stars as one of the main characters. Its cast includes Joanna Lumley and Julia Sawalha.\nThe series features Edina Monsoon, a heavy-drinking, drug-abusing PR mogul who spends her time failing to lose weight and chasing bizarre fads in a desperate attempt to stay young and \"hip\". Edina's best friend is ex-model and magazine fashion director Patsy Stone, whose drug abuse, alcohol consumption and desperate promiscuity far eclipse Edina's. Edina relies upon the support of her daughter Saffron, a student and aspiring writer whose constant care of her immature mother has left her a bitter cynic. The series also stars June Whitfield in a supporting role as Edina's dotty, sarcastic and often thieving mother, who appears in nearly every episode. Jane Horrocks as Edina's utterly brainless personal assistant Bubble also features frequently.\nThe first three series of Absolutely Fabulous were broadcast on the BBC from 1992 to 1995, followed by a series finale in the form of a two-part special entitled The Last Shout, in 1996. In 2000, the show was ranked number 17 on the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes by the British Film Institute. It was revived for two more series and two one-hour specials from 2001 to 2004. Three new episodes, collectively titled Absolutely Fabulous: 20th Anniversary, were released in 2011–2012. Two sketches for charity specials were also released, for Comic Relief in 2005 and Sport Relief in 2012.\nA film continuation, Absolutely Fabulous: The Movie, was theatrically released in July 2016. On 29 November 2016, Saunders confirmed that she is \"not doing anything more with Ab Fab\", as she wanted to focus on new projects. In October 2023, it was confirmed that Saunders was in the process of creating a spin-off to Absolutely Fabulous (a film or series), which has yet to be announced, with the possibility of Lumley making an appearance. The first draft was expected to be completed by the end of 2023. In June 2024, it was announced that Saunders, Lumley, Sawalha and Horrocks will appear in a retrospective, titled Absolutely Fabulous: Inside Out, which will broadcast in late 2024 on Gold.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nEdina \"Eddie\" Monsoon (Saunders) and Patricia \"Patsy\" Stone (Lumley) are two high-powered career women on the London fashion scene. Eddie runs her own PR firm, and Patsy holds a sinecure position at a top British fashion magazine.\nThe",
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"idx": 18,
"title": "Mirrorball (TV pilot)",
"paragraph_text": " completely different. It was produced as a pilot episode for what Saunders intended to be a new show. Mirrorball ended up inspiring Saunders to revive Absolutely Fabulous in 2001, and a full series was never produced.\n\n\n== Plot synopsis ==\nThe show centers around Vivienne Keill (Saunders) and Jackie Riviera (Joanna Lumley), two aging stage actresses who live in vertically adjacent flats. The two are of questionable talent, and their careers seem to be at a standstill. During the course of the pilot, Vivienne has the opportunity to be cast in a new show but delivers a horrifying rendition of the standard \"Send in the Clowns\", thanks in part to Jackie's off-kilter advice.\nJulia Sawalha plays Freda Keill, Vivienne's younger sister and a more serious (and successful) actress. Jane Horrocks plays Yitta Hilberstam, a vicious Icelandic actress/waitress. June Whitfield appears as Dora Vermouth, a former vaudeville actress who spends most of her time intoxicated at the local pub and is showing slight signs of dementia. Harriet Thorpe plays Cat Rogers, anMirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.Mirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.\nAll of the main cast members (and several supporting cast members) from the popular series Absolutely Fabulous were also cast in this show, although the plot and characters were completely different. It was produced as a pilot episode for what Saunders intended to be a new show. Mirrorball ended up inspiring Saunders to revive Absolutely Fabulous in 2001, and a full series was never produced.\n\n\n== Plot synopsis ==\nThe show centers around Vivienne Keill (Saunders) and Jackie Riviera (Joanna Lumley), two aging stage actresses who live in vertically adjacent flats. The two are of questionable talent, and their careers seem to be at a standstill. During the course of the pilot, Vivienne has the opportunity to be cast in a new show but delivers a horrifying rendition of the standard \"Send in the Clowns\", thanks in part to Jackie's off-kilter advice.\nJulia Sawalha plays Freda Keill, Vivienne's younger sister and a more serious (and successful) actress. Jane Horrocks plays Yitta Hilberstam, a vicious Icelandic actress/waitress. June Whitfield appears as Dora Vermouth, a former vaudeville actress who spends most of her time intoxicated at the local pub and is showing slight signs of dementia. Harriet Thorpe plays Cat Rogers, an actress who is busy understudying multiple roles.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nMain\n\nJennifer Saunders as Vivienne Keill\nJoanna Lumley as Jackie Riviera\nJulia Sawalha as Freda Keill\nJane Horrocks as Yitta Hilberstam\nHarriet Thorpe as Cat Rogers\nTim Wylton as Brice Michaels\nJune Whitfield as Dora Vermouth\nGuest\n\nMatthew Francis as TheatreMirrorball was a sitcom pilot in the United Kingdom directed by Adrian Edmondson and written by Jennifer Saunders. It originally aired on 22 December 2000.All of the main cast members (and several supporting cast members) from the popular series Absolutely Fabulous were also cast in this show, although the plot and characters were completely different. It was produced as a pilot episode for what Saunders intended to be a new show. Mirrorball ended up inspiring Saunders to revive Absolutely Fabulous in 2001, and a full series was never produced.\n\n\n== Plot synopsis ==\nThe show centers around Vivienne Keill (Saunders) and Jackie Riviera (Joanna Lumley), two aging stage actresses who live in vertically adjacent flats. The two are of questionable talent,",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| What is the name of the person married to the one who created Absolutely Fabulous? | [
{
"id": 109131,
"question": "Who is Absolutely Fabulous by?",
"answer": "Jennifer Saunders",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 343058,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Adrian Edmondson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
]
| Adrian Edmondson | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the creator of Absolutely Fabulous? |
3hop1__639955_834494_33939 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation",
"paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Helvetia, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " of mining since the mountain range had been part of the Spanish Empire, all the way through to the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, when it became a part of the United States. Although it had always been for silver or gold.\nThis changed in 1875, when Tucson business partners Pinckney Tully and Estevan Ochoa — who were involved in freighting and mining — hauled about 5,000 pounds of copper ore to Tucson to be smelted. Possibly being the first time a significant amount of copper ore was taken from the mountain range.\nA few years later, Ben Hefti, T.G. Roddick and other claimholders formed the HelHelvetia is a populated place in Pima County, Arizona, that was settled in 1891 and abandoned in the early 1920s. Helvetia is an ancient name for Switzerland. Switzerland. Today, only the Ray Mine and cemetery are visitable, as the rest of the town has been fenced off due to active mining operations.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Santa Rita Mountains had been a locale of mining since the mountain range had been part of the Spanish Empire, all the way through to the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, when it became a part of the United States. Although it had always been for silver or gold.\nThis changed in 1875, when Tucson business partners Pinckney Tully and Estevan Ochoa — who were involved in freighting and mining — hauled about 5,000 pounds of copper ore to Tucson to be smelted. Possibly being the first time a significant amount of copper ore was taken from the mountain range.\nA few years later, Ben Hefti, T.G. Roddick and other claimholders formed the Helvetia Mining District, a ten square mile area on the western slope of the mountain. Hefti named it after the ancient name of his birthplace, Switzerland.\nIn 1879, Roddick and James K. Brown, co-owners of the nearby Sahuarito Ranch,(from where the town of SahHelvetia is a populated place in Pima County, Arizona, that was settled in 1891 and abandoned in the early 1920s. Helvetia is an ancient name for Switzerland.Helvetia is a ghost",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimesBy 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What was the population count in the year 1900 for the city that is in the same county as Helvetia? | [
{
"id": 639955,
"question": "Helvetia >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Pima County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 834494,
"question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 33939,
"question": "What was #2 's population in 1900?",
"answer": "7,531",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| 7,531 | []
| true | What was the 1900 population of the city located within the county that also contains Helvetia? |
3hop1__765388_42197_18397 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the frameworkTrotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold WarOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\". rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests thatOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".The Korean War was a major conflict of the Cold War and among the most destructive conflicts of the modern era, with approximately 3 million killed, most of whom were civilians. It resulted in the destruction of virtually all of Korea's major cities, with thousands of massacres committed by both sides—including the mass killing of tens of thousands of suspected communists by the South Korean government, and the torture and starvation of prisoners of war by the North Koreans. North Korea became among the most heavily bombed countries in history.\n\n\n== Civilian deaths and massacres ==\n\nAround 3 million people died in the Korean War, the majority of whom were civilians, possibly making it the deadliest conflict of the Cold War era. Although only rough estimates of civilian fatalities are available, scholars from Guenter Lewy to Bruce Cumings have noted that the percentage of civilian casualties in Korea was higher than in World War II or the Vietnam War, with Cumings putting civilian casualties at 2 million and Lewy estimating civilian deaths in the range of 2 million to 3 million.\nCumings states that civilians represent at least half of the war's casualties, while Lewy suggests that the civilian portion of the death toll may have gone as high as 70%, compared to Lewy's estimates of 42% in World War II and 30%–46% in the Vietnam War. Data compiled by the Peace Research Institute Oslo lists just under 1 million battle deaths over the course of the Korean War (with a range of 644,696 to 1.5 million) and a mid-value estimate of 3 million total deaths (with a range of 1.5 million to 4.5 million), attributing the difference to excess mortality among civilians from one-sided massacres, starvation, and disease.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Vadim Spiridonov",
"paragraph_text": " was determined to become an actor and passed the exams in all the major universities of the capital - Shchukin School, Moscow Art Theatre School, the University and went everywhere on competition. Chose to study VGIK, workshop Sergei Gerasimov and Tamara Makarova.\nVadim Spiridonov a dramatic actor major talent and powerful temperament. In negative roles achieves complete transformation, creates absolutely authentic images. The key role the former fist policeman Fedor Makashin (film series Earthly Love and \nDestiny Yevgeny Matveyev ). Spiridonov gave so convincing way that the viewer is no longer separated it from the personality of the artist. Spiridonov bitterly recalled that he was after the movie Destiny won universal hatred among generations of soldiers and workers in the rear, and at the youth, told how he was repeatedly recognized on the streets and tried to beat, so hated was a traitor Makashin. However, this image has become a kind of prologue to the main role − Fyodor Saveliev in the long Soviet TV series Eternal Call (19 episodes). Were among his roles and positive images, not just positive, and the role of the heroic and patriotic, which can rightly be proud of (captain Ivan Flyorov − Taming of the Fire, Colonel Deev − Hot Snow, Captain Volokh − Living till Dawn, Captain Orekhov − People in the Ocean, commander Semyon Budyonny − First Cavalry and Not Subject to the Catechumens, Colonel Vladimir Iverzev − The Battalions are asked to Fire).\nActor worked a lot and behind the scenes. Master dubbing, announced more than fifty both domestic and foreign films. Spiridonov's voice said over the years the world of cinema stars − Alain Delon, Gerard Depardieu, Jack Nicholson, Michel Piccoli, Patrick Macnee, Martin Landau, Sergiu Nicolaescu, Amitabh Bachchan.\nIn the mid-1980s, Vadim Spiridonov made his debut as a film director. The studio Mosfilm, he directed a short film on the script Eduard Volodarsky called Two people. In December 1989 and Spiridonov planned to start filming his second movie, but unfortunately these plans were not destined to be fulfilled.\nVadim Spiridonov predicted his early death. Shortly before his death, in a conversation with his wife Valentina it whether in jestVadim Semyonovich Spiridonov (; 14 October 1944 – 7 December 1989) was a Soviet film actor, film director. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1984). Winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1979), Winner of the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1980).Vadim Semyonovich Spiridonov (; 14 October 1944 – 7 December 1989) was a Soviet film actor, film director. Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1984). Winner of the State Prize of the USSR (1979), Winner of the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1980). USSR (1979), Winner of the Lenin Komsomol Prize (1980).\n\n\n== Biography ==\nVadim Spiridonov was born on 14 October 1944 in Moscow. While still a student at the school, Vadim came to the drama club at the factory house of culture. In 1966, Vadim Spiridonov was determined to become an actor and passed the exams in all the major universities of the capital - Shchukin School, Moscow Art Theatre School, the University and went everywhere on competition. Chose to study VGIK, workshop Sergei Gerasimov and Tamara Makarova.\nVadim Spiridonov a dramatic actor major talent and powerful temperament. In negative roles achieves complete transformation, creates absolutely authentic images. The key role the former fist policeman Fedor Makashin (",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where did the debater, who insisted that Vadim Spiridonov's native country had turned into an imperialistic force, announce his intention to involve himself in the Korean dispute? | [
{
"id": 765388,
"question": "Vadim Spiridonov >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 42197,
"question": "Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?",
"answer": "Mao Zedong",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 18397,
"question": "Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?",
"answer": "the Politburo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| the Politburo | [
"Politburo"
]
| true | Where did the arguer that Vadim Spiridonov's country of citizenship had become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict? |
2hop__20685_712629 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth",
"paragraph_text": "The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train. Without straps and with long sleeves, it provided a \"fit and flare silhouette\".\n\n\n== Design ==\nThe wedding was a royal event held following the end of the Second World War. The dress, designed by the Court Designer Norman Hartnell, had a star-patterned fan-shaped bridal train that was 13 feet (4.0 m) in length. The train, symbolic of rebirth and growth after the war, was stated to be inspired by Botticelli's c.��1482 painting of Primavera, particularly the elaborate embroidery motifs of scattered flowers on the rich satin dress and the tulle veil worn by the royal bride. The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil. The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America. Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as \"the most beautiful dress I had so far made\".\nOn account of the austerity measures following the war, Princess Elizabeth had to use clothing ration coupons to show her entitlement to the dress. The government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons. She was given hundreds of clothing coupons by brides-to-be from all parts of the country to help her acquire the dress. She had to return these coupons as it was illegal for them to have been given away in the first instance. \nThe designs for the dress were approved three months before the wedding. Hartnell's search for suitable designs in London art galleries had led to him to the Botticelli figure. This was the inspiration for the use of ivory silk with flower designs of jasmine, smilax, lilac and white rose-like blossoms added to the train, embellished by white crystals and pearls. These motifs were transferred to drawings to enable embroidery experts to work on them. The dress featured a \"heart-shaped neckline and long tight sleeves\".\nThe silk cloth was chosen at the specific directive of her mother, the Queen, who desired an \"unusually rich, lustrous stiff satin which was made at Lullingstone Castle\". The silkworms to manufacture the silk were bought from Nationalist China, and not from Japan and Fascist Italy, the UK's enemies during the war. Satin was chosen for the train, and a more flexible material of the same tone as the train was chosen for the dress. However, in spite of the careful choice of the silk, the curator of the London Museum observed 30 years later when the dress was on display at the museum that \"the choice of silk was not a good one\" as the fabric had deteriorated considerably due to being weighted with tin salts, effectively rotting the fabric. It was also noted that the \"weight of the embroidery dragged the skirt down, increasing the strain on the weave.\" Round the hem of the dress, \"a border of orange blossom was appliqued with transparent tulle outlined in seed pearls and crystal\".\nThe final design of the dress was kept secret, although much speculation surrounded it. It was said the princess feared that if details were published fashion house copies would make it impossible for her to make last-minute design alterations. The dress was taken",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "British Empire",
"paragraph_text": " in and near the Caribbean in the British West Indies, British colonial expansion turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. It pursued trade concessions in China and Japan, and territory in Southeast Asia. The \"Great Game\" and \"Scramble for Africa\" also ensued. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade, and of its oceans, meant that it effectively controlled the economies of, and readily enforced its interests in, many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. It also came to dominate the Middle East. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were formally reclassified as Dominions by the 1920s. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military, economic and colonial tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power.\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige and the British economy helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the handover of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 symbolised for many the end of the British Empire, though fourteen overseas territories that are remnants of the empire remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions, joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Fifteen of these, including the United Kingdom, retain the same person as monarch, currently King Charles III.\n\n\n== Origins (1497–1583) ==\n\nThe foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496, King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead an expedition to discover a northwest passage to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, and made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland. He believed he had reached Asia, and there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following yearMost former British colonies and protectorates are among the 53 member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, a non-political, voluntary association of equal members, comprising a population of around 2.2 billion people. Sixteen Commonwealth realms voluntarily continue to share the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state. These sixteen nations are distinct and equal legal entities – the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America. Britain became a major power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.\nThe American War of Independence resulted in Britain losing some of its oldest and most populous colonies in North America by 1783. While retaining control of British North America (now Canada) and territories in and near the Caribbean in the British West Indies, British colonial expansion turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. It pursued trade concessions in China and Japan, and territory in Southeast Asia. The \"Great Game\" and \"Scramble for Africa\" also ensued. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade, and of its oceans, meant that it effectively controlled the economies of, and readily enforced its interests in, many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. It also came to dominate the Middle East. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were formally reclassified as Dominions by the 1920s. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military, economic and colonial tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power.\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige and the British economy helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the handover of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 symbolised for many the end of the British Empire, though fourteen overseas territories that are remnants of the empire remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions,",
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| Who was married to the queen of Britain? | [
{
"id": 20685,
"question": "Who is the British Queen?",
"answer": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 712629,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Philip Mountbatten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Philip Mountbatten | []
| true | Who was the spouse of the British queen? |
2hop__693157_131890 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Deptford",
"paragraph_text": "1900 until 1965, when the area became part of the newly created London Borough of Lewisham.\n\n\n== History ==\nDeptford took its name from a ford across the Ravensbourne (near what is now Deptford Bridge DLR station) along the route of the Celtic trackway which was later paved by the Romans and developed into the medieval Watling Street. The modern name is a corruption of \"deep ford\".\nDeptford was part of the pilgrimage route from London to Canterbury used by the pilgrims in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, and is mentioned in the prologue to \"The Reeve's Tale\". The ford developed into first a wooden then a stone bridge, and in 1497 saw the Battle of Deptford Bridge, in which rebelsDeptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.Deptford is an area on the south bank of the River Thames in southeast London, in the Royal Borough of Greenwich and London Borough of Lewisham. It is named after a ford of the River Ravensbourne. From the mid 16th century to the late 19th it was home to Deptford Dockyard, the first of the Royal Dockyards. This was a major shipbuilding dock and attracted Peter the Great to come and study shipbuilding. Deptford andDeptford borders the areas of Brockley and Lewisham to the south, New Cross to the west and Rotherhithe to the north west; Deptford Creek divides it from Greenwich to the east, and the River Thames separates the area from the Isle of Dogs to the north east; it is contained within the London SE8 post code area. The area referred to as North Deptford is the only part of the London Borough of Lewisham to front the Thames and is sandwiched between Rotherhithe and Greenwich. Much of this riverside estate is populated by the former Naval Dockyards, now known as Convoys Wharf, the Pepys Estate and some eastern fringes of the old Surrey Commercial Docks.",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Athlete (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Athlete are an English indie rock band formed in Deptford, London, comprising Joel Pott (lead vocals and guitar), Carey Willetts (bass and backing vocals), Stephen Roberts (drums and backing vocals) and Tim Wanstall (keyboards and backing vocals).Athlete are an English indie rock band formed in Deptford, London, comprising Joel Pott (lead vocals and guitar), Carey Willetts (bass and backing vocals), Stephen Roberts (drums and backing vocals) and Tim Wanstall (keyboards and backing vocals).Athlete were an English indie rock band formed in Deptford, London, comprising Joel Pott (lead vocals and guitar), Carey Willetts (bass and backing vocals), Stephen Roberts (drums and backing vocals), Tim Wanstall (keyboards).\nThe band had a brief period of high-profile domestic success in which their debut album Vehicles & Animals (2003) was a platinum seller in 2005 and Mercury Music Prize nomination. It was followed up by Tourist (2005) which reached No. 1 and sold over 500,000 copies allowing this album to also go platinum. Athlete's subsequent two albums, Beyond the Neighbourhood (2007) and Black Swan (2009), saw the band exploring different styles, influenced by the works of artists such as Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds.\nThe band has been on hiatus since anniversary tours in 2012 and 2013. Joel Pott has been working since then as songwriter and producer for other artists. Carey Willets released a solo album in 2012, called Stickers and has another project called \"Boxes\". Stephen Roberts and Tim Wanstall have been working on production with other bands. In 2011, Stephen Roberts stated that they set aside plans for a fifth record, have no plans to make a new album, and are exploring different careers. Since then, they have been relatively quiet.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Debut releases and development (2000–2002) ===\nFriends since the age of fourteen, Athlete took their wide ranging influences such as Grandaddy and The Flaming Lips and started jamming and practising in the basement of The Bear, a pub which was converted into a church and sandwich bar, on Deptford High Street in 1999. They began recording there, before sending demos out.\nSigning with Regal Recordings, the band released their first single \"Westside\" in February 2002, which was a hit, garnering airplay on BBC Radio 1 and paving the way for another single, \"You Got the Style\" which cracked the Top 40 in June. Parlophone took notice and promptly signed the musicians, who entered the studio with producer Victor Van Vugt (Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds, Beth Orton) in late 2002 to record their first studio LP.\n\n\n=== Commercial success, but mixed critical reception (2003–2006) ===\nThe band came to prominence in 2003 with their debut album, Vehicles and Animals, producing popular singles such as \"You Got the Style\" and \"El Salvador\". The album earned a Mercury Music Prize nomination and went on to sell over 250,000 copies. They played their first live session on UK radio on the Dermot O'Leary Show on BBC Radio 2. Following the release of the album in April 2003, the summer of that year was a particularly fruitful time. Shortly after Glastonbury and T in The Park festivals, the band were nominated for the Mercury Award. After nomination, the album went from silver (60,000 sales) to gold (100,000) in the space of two weeks. \"I think there's an underdog waiting to be discovered by the Mercury every year,\" said Steve. \"And that year it was us.\" \"By the time we played V at the end of the summer it seemed like everybody there knew the record,' said Joel Pott, 'There was 20,000 people, all singing along.'\nTheir second album, Tourist, reached Number One in the UK Album Charts in its first week, following the huge success of single \"Wires\". The song was written about Pott's newborn baby who was rushed to intensive care after a premature birth, and in 2006 it won them the Ivor Novello Award for \"Best Contemporary Song\". In the UK charts, the band has frequently been frustrated by singles just missing out on top 40 placings, due to inconsistent support by music television channels and radio stations. For instance, certain songs, such as \"Wires\" and \"Half Light\", were played up to 10 times a day on larger UK radio stations, yet other singles such as \"Westside\" and \"Tourist\" received little radio play.\nTourist had a mixed critical reception, with some suggesting that Athlete had failed to sustain the unique style of their previous album, while others saw the new album as a logical progression from their old sound. Allmusic wrote that \"Its art direction is a winning tribute to the striking cover art of Britpop past, but musically, Tourist settles for complacent.\" The supporting tour took place between 2005 and mid-2006.\n\n\n=== Development with subsequent releases (2007–2009) ===\nOn 10 June 2007, it was announced that the title of their third album would be Beyond the Neighbourhood. The album was recorded by the band themselves in their own studio, and mixed by Ben Allen and Michael Brauer, who had worked on Tourist. Released on 3 September 2007, Beyond the Neighbourhood was a self-produced collection of low-key songs, viewed as a disappointment by some, and an interesting sidestep by others. Jonny Pilcher contributed additional guitar on 7 tracks. Pilcher then played live with the band on",
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| What is the name of the body of water located near the place where Athlete originated? | [
{
"id": 693157,
"question": "Athlete >> location of formation",
"answer": "Deptford",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 131890,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "River Thames",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
]
| River Thames | []
| true | What is the body of water by the area where Athlete was formed? |
2hop__754682_730690 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Herodes Atticus",
"paragraph_text": "on twice, in 1991 and in 2004. Vangelis' Mythodea premiered at Odeon of Herodes Atticus in July 1993 and the venue hosted Yanni's Live at the Acropolis performance in September 1993. Sting performed at the venue during his Mercury Falling Tour on May 17, 1996. In June 2018 he returned for two more concerts. Mario Frangoulis has performed at the historic theatre with Yannis Markopoulos' and directed by Elias Malandris, Orpheus in 1996 and also played the role of Erotokritos in his work based on Vitsentzos Kornaros' Erotokritos. He also performed 'Axion Esti' poem by Odysseus Elytis music by Mikis Theodorakis and conducted by the composer himself in May 1998 to benefit Elpida Foundation for children suffering from cancer. Elton John performed two concerts at the venue during his Medusa tour in 2000. In June 2008, Sylvie Guillem performed Boléro in company with the Tokyo Ballet as part of the Athens Festival. In September 2010, tenor Andrea Bocelli held a concert at the Odeon to raise funds for cancer research. In 2012, Mario Frangoulis performed the leading role in Carl Orff's Carmina Burana at the Herodes Atticus theatre. In 2020 the first art exhibition was held on the site, by Greek artist Dionisis Kavallieratos, entitled 'Disoriented Dance / Misled Planet' organised by NEON Organization and the Athens and Epidaurus Festival. In June 2024, Coldplay shot the music video for the single, \"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love\".\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of concert halls\nList of contemporary amphitheaters\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Theatre of Herodes Atticus at Wikimedia Commons\n\nOdeon of Herodes Atticus: History, location, how and when to visit. Text in English, photos.\nThe southern slope of the Acropolis and the theatre itself, Hellenic Ministry of Culture.\nVideo: Haris Alexiou performance at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus in 1994, directed by Mauro Bolognini; in this video a part dedicated to her collaboration with Manos Hadjidakis, who had died a few days before the concert.The Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Greek: ��δείο ��ρ��δου του ��ττικο��; also called Herodeion or Herodion; Greek: ��ρ��δειο) is a stone Roman theatre structure located on the southwest slope of the Acropolis of Athens, Greece. The building was completed in AD 161 and then renovated in 1950.\n\n\nHerodes Atticus (, \"Hērōidēs ho Attikos\"; 177), or Atticus Herodes, was a distinguished and rich Greek aristocrat and sophist who served as a Roman senator. Appointed consul at Rome in 143, he was the first Greek to hold the rank of \"consul ordinarius\", as opposed to \"consul suffectus\". In Latin, his full name was given as Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes (). According to Philostratus, Herodes Atticus was a notable proponent of the Second Sophistic. M.I. Finley described Herodes Atticus as \"patron of the arts and letters (and himself a writer and scholar of importance), public benefactor on an imperial scale, not only in Athens but elsewhere in Greece and Asia Minor, holder of many important posts, friend and kinsman of emperors.\"The OdeonHerodes Atticus (, \"Hērōidēs ho Attikos\"; 177), or Atticus Herodes, was a distinguished and rich Greek aristocrat and sophist who served as a Roman senator. Appointed consul at Rome in 143, he was the first Greek to hold the rank of \"consul ordinarius\", as opposed to \"consul suffectus\". In Latin, his full name was given as Lucius Vibullius Hipparchus Tiberius Claudius Atticus Herodes (). According to Philostratus, Herodes Atticus was a notable proponent of the Second Sophistic. M.I. Finley described Herodes Atticus as \"patron of the arts and letters (and himself a writer and scholar of importance), public benefactor on an imperial scale, not only in Athens but elsewhere in Greece and Asia Minor, holder of many important posts, friend and kinsman of emperors.\"\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Modern events ==\nThe audience stands and the orchestra (stage) were restored using Pentelic marble in the 1950s. Since then it has been the main venue of the Athens Festival, which runs from May through October each year, featuring a variety of acclaimed Greek as well as International performances.\nIn 1957, Maria Callas performed at the Odeon as part of the Athens Festival and in the same year Edith Hamilton was pronounced an honorary citizen of Athens at ninety years of age. In May 1962 Frank Sinatra gave two benefit concerts for the city of Athens. The Odeon of Herodes Atticus was the venue for the Miss Universe 1973 pageant. Another memorable performance at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus was given by the Greek singer Nana Mouskouri in 1984; after 20 years of absence she returned to her country. Luciano Pavarotti performed at the Odeon twice, in 1991 and in 2004. Vangelis' Mythodea premiered at Odeon of Herodes Atticus in July 1993 and the venue hosted Yanni's Live at the Acropolis performance in September 1993. Sting performed at the venue during his Mercury Falling Tour on May 17, 1996. In June 2018 he returned for two more concerts. Mario Frangoulis has performed at the historic theatre with Yannis Markopoulos' and directed by Elias Malandris, Orpheus in 1996 and also played the role of Erotokritos in his work based on Vitsentzos Kornaros' Erotokritos. He also performed 'Axion Esti' poem by Odysseus Elytis music by Mikis Theodorakis and conducted by the composer himself in May 1998 to benefit Elpida Foundation for children suffering from cancer. Elton John performed two concerts at the venue during his Medusa tour in 2000. In June 2008, Sylvie Guillem performed Boléro in company with the Tokyo Ballet as part of the Athens Festival. In September 2010, tenor Andrea Bocelli held a concert at the Odeon to raise funds for cancer research. In 2012, Mario Frangoulis performed the leading role in Carl Orff's Carmina Burana at the Herodes Atticus theatre. In 2020 the first art exhibition was held on the site, by Greek artist Dionisis Kavallieratos, entitled 'Disoriented Dance / Misled Planet' organised by NEON Organization and the Athens and Epidaurus Festival. In June 2024, Coldplay shot the music video for the single, \"Feels Like I'm Falling in Love\".\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of concert halls\nList of contemporary amphitheaters\n\n\n==",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Vibullia Alcia Agrippina",
"paragraph_text": " main praenomina of the Vibullii were Lucius and Marcus, two of the most abundant names at all periods of Roman history. These were supplemented as needed with other common praenomina, such as Gaius and Quintus. A few Vibullii bore other names, including Decimus, Publius, and Titus.\n\n\n== Branches and cognomina ==\nThe only distinct family of the Vibulii bore the cognomen Rufus, originally indicating someone with red hair, and belonging to a large class of surnames derived from the physical traits of individuals.\n\n\n== Members ==\nThis list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.\nDecimus Vibullius, a military tribune, commanded the besieged Roman garrison at Thurii in 282 BC, while the consul Gaius Fabricius Luscinus was engaged in fighting against the Samnites, Bruttii, and Lucani, whom he defeated to raise the siege.\nMarcus Vibullius M. l. Septimus, a freedman memorialized at Casilinum in Campania, with a first-century BC cenotaph dedicated by the freedwoman Numisia Glapira.\nLucius Vibullius C. f., along with Gaius Alfius Surus, dedicated a tomb at Fabrateria Vetus in Latium, dating between the beginning of the first century BC, and the middle of the first century AD, for his friend, Lucius Alfius Rufus.\nVibullius Agrippa, a senator who killed himself in the reign of Tiberius, before he could be convicted of any crime.\nLucius Vibullius Pontianus, made an offering to Diana at Veleia, according to an inscription dating between the death of Augustus and the middle of the first century.\nVibullius, a military tribune serving with the Legio VII Claudia at Promona in Dalmatia during the reign of Caligula.\nGaius Vibulius C. f. Valentinus, a native of Mediolanum in Gallia Narbonensis, was a soldier in the Legio XXII Primigenia, buried at Mogontiacum in Germania Superior, aged thirty-eight, and having served eighteen years, in a tomb dating from the reigns of Claudius or Nero.\nVHerodes Atticus with his wife, the Roman Aristocrat Aspasia Annia Regilla, had erected a great outdoor nymphaeum (a monumental fountain) at Olympia, Greece. The monumental fountain features statues and honors members of the ruling imperial family, relatives of Herodes Atticus and his wife. Among the statues is a statue of Vibullia. The statue bust of Vibullia is on display at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia.TheHerodes Atticus with his wife, the Roman Aristocrat Aspasia Annia Regilla, had erected a great outdoor nymphaeum (a monumental fountain) at Olympia, Greece. The monumental fountain features statues and honors members of the ruling imperial family, relatives of Herodes Atticus and his wife. Among the statues is a statue of Vibullia. The statue bust of Vibullia is on display at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia..\n\n\n== Origin ==\nThe nomen Vibullius belongs to a relatively small class of gentilicia formed directly from cognomina ending in the diminutive suffix -ulus. The root appears to be the praenomen Vibius, uncommon at Rome but relatively common in Oscan-speaking regions of Italy. The name would thus be cognate with other gentilicia, such as Vibuleius and Vibidius.\n\n\n== Praenomina ==\nThe main praenomina of the Vibullii were Lucius and Marcus, two of the most abundant names at all periods of Roman history. These were supplemented as needed with other common praenomina, such as Gaius and Quintus. A few Vibullii bore other names, including Decimus, Publius, and Titus.\n\n\n== Branches and cognomina ==\nThe only distinct family of the Vibulii bore the cognomen Rufus, originally indicating someone with red hair, and belonging to a large class of surnames derived from the physical traits of individuals.\n\n\n== Members ==\nThis list includes abbreviated praenomina. For an explanation of this practice, see filiation.\nDecimus Vibullius, a military tribune, commanded the besieged Roman garrison at Thurii in 282 BC, while the consul Gaius Fabricius Luscinus was engaged in fighting against the Samnites, Bruttii, and Lucani, whom he defeated to raise the siege.\nMarcus Vibullius M. l. Septimus, a freedman memorialized at Casilinum in Campania, with a first-century BC cenotaph dedicated by the freedwoman Numisia Glapira.\nLucius Vibullius C. f., along with Gaius Alfius Surus, dedicated a tomb at Fabrateria Vetus in Latium, dating between the beginning of the first century BC, and the middle of the first century AD, for his friend, Lucius Alfius Rufus.\nVibullius Agrippa, a senator who killed himself in the reign of Tiberius, before he could be convicted of any crime.\nLucius Vibullius Pontianus, made an offering to Diana at Veleia, according to an inscription dating between the death of Augustus and the middle of the first century.\nVibullius, a military tribune serving with the Legio VII Claudia at Promona in Dalmatia during the reign of Caligula.\nGaius Vibulius C. f. Valentinus, a native of Mediolanum in Gallia Narbonensis, was a soldier in the Legio XXII Primigenia, buried at Mogontiacum in Germania Superior, aged thirty-eight, and having served eighteen years, in a tomb dating from the reigns of Claudius or Nero.\nVHerodes Atticus with his wife, the Roman Aristocrat Aspasia Annia Regilla, had erected a great outdoor nymphaeum (a monumental fountain) at Olympia, Greece. The monumental fountain features statues and honors members of the ruling imperial family, relatives of Herodes Atticus and his wife. Among the statues is a statue of Vibullia. The statue bust of Vibullia is on display at the Archaeological Museum of Olympia.The gens Vibullia, occasionally written Vibulia, was a minor plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens first appear in history in the years following the",
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| Which movement did the offspring of Vibullia Alcia Agrippina advocate for? | [
{
"id": 754682,
"question": "Vibullia Alcia Agrippina >> child",
"answer": "Herodes Atticus",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
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{
"id": 730690,
"question": "#1 >> movement",
"answer": "Second Sophistic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
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| Second Sophistic | []
| true | What movement was Vibullia Alcia Agrippina's child a proponent for? |
3hop2__89048_228_66294 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Is She Really Going Out with Him?",
"paragraph_text": "``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The",
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"idx": 10,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": " 2013, Beyoncé sold 2.3 million copies worldwide, finishing the year as the tenth-best-selling album globally, according to the IFPI. The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the publicBeyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, \"if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed.\" She admires Diana Ross as an \"all-around entertainer\" and Whitney Houston, who she said \"inspired me to get up there and do what she did.\" She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song \"Vision of Love\" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell. electronic and soul music. Throughout this period, the album's songs and videos were composed in strict secrecy as Beyoncé devised an unexpected release. Beyoncé's desire to assert her full artistic freedom served as inspiration for the album's dark, personal subject matter, which incorporated feminist themes of sex, monogamy, beauty standards and relationship problems.\nBeyoncé was released digitally on the iTunes Store, early in the day and without prior announcement or promotion, and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, earning Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album on the chart. The album sold over 617,000 copies in the United States and 828,773 copies worldwide in its first three days of sales, becoming the fastest-selling album in the history of the iTunes Store up to that point. In the 19 days between the album's release and the end of 2013, Beyoncé sold 2.3 million copies worldwide, finishing the year as the tenth-best-selling album globally, according to the IFPI. The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011),",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "The Jacksons: An American Dream",
"paragraph_text": " Off the Wall and Thriller, the commercial mishap that caused his hair to ignite, and his legendary Motown 25 performance of \"Billie Jean\", as well as confronting his difficult relationship with his estranged father in the 1980s.\nMichael Jackson's voice is heard on: \"Beat It\", \"Human Nature\", \"Billie Jean\", \"I Want You Back\", \"I Wanna Be Where You Are\", \"I'll Be There\", \"Rockin' Robin\", \"ABC\", and \"Dancing Machine\". On all other songs, the Michael Jackson vocal part is performed by Anthony Harrell, Jason Weaver or Kipp Lennon.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nLawrence Hilton Jacobs as Joe Jackson\nAngela Bassett as Katherine Jackson\nHolly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross\nMargaret Avery as Martha Scruse\nBilly Dee Williams as Berry Gordy\nVanessa Williams as Suzanne de Passe\nWylie Draper as Michael Jackson\nAbolade David Olatunde as Michael Jackson (baby)\nAlex Burrall as Michael Jackson (ages 6–8)\nJason Weaver as Michael Jackson (ages 9–14)\nColin Steele as Jermaine Jackson\nJermaine Jackson Jr. as Jermaine Jackson (ages 10–17)\nTerrence Howard as Jackie Jackson\nBumper Robinson as Jackie Jackson (ages 12–16)\nMonica Calhoun as Rebbie Jackson\nEbonie Smith as La Toya Jackson\nKelli Martin as La Toya Jackson (ages 8–10)\nAngel Vargas as Tito Jackson\nShakiem Jamar Evans as Tito Jackson (ages 11–15)\nMaya Nicole Johnson as Janet Jackson\nMonica Allison as Hazel Gordy\nRobert Redcross as Randy Jackson\nNicolas Phillips as Randy Jackson (ages 7Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs - Joseph Jackson Angela Bassett - Katherine Jackson Holly Robinson Peete - Diana Ross Margaret Avery - Martha Scruse Billy Dee Williams - Berry Gordy Vanessa Williams - Suzanne de Passe Wylie Draper - Michael Jackson Abolade David Olatunde - Michael Jackson (baby) Alex Burrall - Michael Jackson (ages 6 -- 8) Jason Weaver - Michael Jackson (ages 9 -- 14) Colin Steele - Jermaine Jackson Jermaine Jackson II - Jermaine Jackson (ages 10 -- 17) Terrence Howard - Jackie Jackson Bumper Robinson - Jackie Jackson (ages 12 -- 16) Monica Calhoun - Rebbie Jackson Ebonie Smith - La Toya Jackson Kelli Martin - La Toya Jackson (ages 8 -- 10) Angel Vargas - Tito Jackson Shakiem Jamar Evans - Tito Jackson (ages 11 -- 15) Maya Nicole Johnson - Janet Jackson Monica Allison - Hazel Gordy Robert Redcross - Randy Jackson Nicolas Phillips - Randy Jackson (age 7 - 9) Marcus Maurice - Marlon Jackson Floyd Myers, Jr. - Marlon Jackson (age 7 - 9) Jacen Wilkerson - Marlon Jackson (ages 10 -- 15) the performances of Hilton-Jacobs and Bassett received widespread acclaim.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe opening sequence of the film features footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing and performing on stage, a few clips from the \"Can You Feel It\" music video, album covers, magazine covers, a snippet from their cartoon, and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, and issued in 1990, entitled My Family. The entire mini-series spans a period of about 40 years.\nAct 1 of the film is based on young Katherine and Joseph meeting and courting in the 1940s and showing how they managed to start out raising their children in Gary, Indiana in the 1950s and 1960s, how Joseph discovers the children have talent and starts entering them in talent shows, and finally how the Jackson 5 go on to have early fame and face its consequences in the late 1960s.\nAct 2 of the film deals with the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he faces his brothers marrying early into the Jackson 5's success, his problems with acne as a teenager, and the group's eventual switch to Epic Records in the 1970s, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller, the commercial mishap that caused his hair to ignite, and his legendary Motown 25 performance of \"Billie Jean\", as well as confronting his difficult relationship with his estranged father in the 1980s.\nMichael Jackson's voice is heard on: \"Beat It\", \"Human Nature\", \"Billie Jean\", \"I Want You Back\", \"I Wanna Be Where You Are\", \"I'll Be There\", \"Rockin' Robin\", \"ABC\", and \"Dancing Machine\". On all other songs, the Michael Jackson vocal part is performed by Anthony Harrell, Jason Weaver or Kipp Lennon.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nLawrence Hilton",
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| In the film that highlighted Beyonce's influences, who was the actor that portrayed the person who performed "Is She Really Going Out With Him"? | [
{
"id": 89048,
"question": "who sang is she really going out with him",
"answer": "Joe Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 228,
"question": "Who influenced Beyonce?",
"answer": "Michael Jackson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 66294,
"question": "who played #1 in the #2 movie",
"answer": "Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
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| Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs | []
| true | Who played who sang is she really going out with him in the who influenced Beyonce movie? |
2hop__54651_169233 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of awards and nominations received by Robin Williams",
"paragraph_text": " Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the drama Good Will Hunting (1997) directed by Gus Van Sant and co-written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck. Williams also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture MusicalRobin Williams (1951–2014) was an American actor and comedian who throughout the course of his career won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"Good Will Hunting\" (1997). He also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in \"Good Morning, Vietnam\" (1987), \"The Fisher King\" (1991) and \"Mrs. Doubtfire\" (1993), along with the Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005.), where he earned his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination. He went on to receive nine Emmy Award nominations, winning twice for Outstanding Performance in a Variety or Music Program for Carol, Carl, Whoopi and Robin (1987), and ABC Presents A Royal Gala (1988).\nThroughout the course of his film and television career, he won numerous awards. He received four Academy Award nominations, including three consecutive nominations for his performances in Good Morning, Vietnam (1988), Dead Poets Society (1989), and The Fisher King (1991). He received the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the drama Good Will Hunting (1997) directed by Gus Van Sant and co-written by Matt Damon and Ben Affleck. Williams also won six Golden Globe Awards, including Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for his roles in Good Morning, Vietnam (1987), The Fisher King (1991) and Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), along with the Special Golden Globe Award for Vocal Work in a Motion Picture for his role Genie in Aladdin (1992), and Cecil B. DeMille award in 2005. In 2009 he received the Disney Legends award.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\n\n\n=== British Academy Film Awards ===\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\n\n\n=== Screen Actors Guild Awards ===\n\n\n== Miscellaneous awards ==\n\n\n=== Golden Raspberry Awards ===\n\n\n=== Kids' Choice Awards ===\n\n\n=== MTV Awards ===\n\n\n=== Online Film & TV Association ===\n\n\n=== Satellite Awards ===\n\n\n=== Saturn Awards ===\n\n\n== Critics awards ==\n\n\n== Inductions ==\n\n\n== See also",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Friend Like Me",
"paragraph_text": ", pop-culture-filled song.\nScreenCrush stated that remnants of the previous version of the film can be seen in this sequence:\n\nAladdin's original design was younger, more cartoony, and loosely based on actor Michael J. Fox. But Jeffrey Katzenberg wanted the design changed, fearing that Aladdin wasn't a suitable leading man for the beautiful Jasmine. So Aladdin's design was reworked to be less Michael J. Fox and more Tom Cruise. However, animation on the movie had already started, so you can see traces of the old Aladdin design during \"Friend Like Me\".\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAfter Aladdin releases the Genie from his lamp and the Genie considers that he can give Aladdin almost anything within a limit of three wishes, the Genie proves his nigh-omnipotent power to the skeptical thief with an impressive musical number, stressing that he is a friend unlike any other. This song is similar to the use of contemporary references in \"Be Our Guest\", performed by the enchanted cutlery of Beauty and the Beast, and \"A Guy Like You\", performed by the Gargoyles in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The same happens in the live-action remake.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nSpirituality & Practice described it as \"the big production number``Friend Like Me ''is a song from the 1992 Disney film Aladdin. It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 65th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993.\"``Friend Like Me ''is a song from the 1992 Disney film Aladdin. It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 65th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993. for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993.\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe song was originally designed as a Cab Calloway-style big band number. Some elements of this concept remain (for instance, when the Genie scats, in typical Calloway moves), but after Robin Williams was cast it was expanded as a more comedic, pop-culture-filled song.\nScreenCrush stated that remnants of the previous version of the film can be seen in this sequence:\n\nAladdin's original design was younger, more cartoony, and loosely based on actor Michael J. Fox. But Jeffrey Katzenberg wanted the design changed, fearing that Aladdin wasn't a suitable leading man for the beautiful Jasmine. So Aladdin's design was reworked to be less Michael J. Fox and more Tom Cruise. However, animation on the movie had already started, so you can see traces of the old Aladdin design during \"Friend Like Me\".\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAfter Aladdin releases the Genie from his lamp and the Genie considers that he can give Aladdin almost anything within a limit of three wishes, the Genie proves his nigh-omnipotent power to the skeptical thief with an impressive musical number, stressing that he is a friend unlike any other. This song is similar to the use of contemporary references in \"Be Our Guest\", performed by the enchanted cutlery of Beauty and the Beast, and \"A Guy Like You\", performed by the Gargoyles in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The same happens in the live-action remake.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nSpirituality & Practice described it as \"the big production number``Friend Like Me ''is a song from the 1992 Disney film Aladdin. It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 65th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993.\"Friend Like Me\" is the song from Disney's 1992 animated feature film Aladdin. It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song is also performed by Will Smith in 2019 live-action remake. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 65th Academy Awards and the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 50th Golden Globe Awards in 1993.\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe song was originally designed as a Cab Calloway-style big band number. Some elements of this concept remain (for instance, when the Genie scats, in typical Calloway moves), but after Robin Williams was cast it was expanded as a more comedic, pop-culture-filled song.\nScreenCrush stated that remnants of the previous version of the film can be seen in this sequence:\n\nAladdin's original design was younger, more cartoony, and loosely based on actor Michael J. Fox. But Jeffrey Katzenberg wanted the design changed, fearing that Aladdin wasn't a suitable leading man for the beautiful Jasmine. So Aladdin's design was reworked to be less Michael J. Fox and more Tom Cruise. However, animation on the movie had already started, so you can see traces of the old Aladdin design during \"Friend Like Me\".\n\n\n== Synopsis ==\nAfter Aladdin releases the Genie from his lamp and the Genie considers that he can give Aladdin almost anything within a limit of three wishes, the Genie proves his nigh-omnipotent power to the skeptical thief with an impressive musical number, stressing that he is a friend unlike any other. This song is similar to the use of contemporary references in \"Be Our Guest\", performed by the enchanted cutlery of Beauty and the Beast, and \"A Guy Like You\", performed by the Gargoyles in The Hunchback of Notre Dame. The same happens in the live-action remake.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nSpirituality & Practice described it as \"the big production number of the film\".\nIn a review of the Broadway version of the film, BuzzFeed wrote that the \"seven-and-a-half minute 'Friend Like Me' is easily this season's best production number, and a jaw-dropping athletic feat.\" NewYork.com wrote \"Rarely does a production number receive a standing ovation in the middle of a show, but 'Friend Like Me' [has] them standing in the aisles before intermission.\".\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nIn 1995, Alvin and the Chipmunks recorded a cover of the song for their Disney-themed concept album When You Wish Upon a Chipmunk.\nShawn Johnson and Mark Ballas danced the song as a quickstep in season 8 of Dancing with the Stars. Season 18's Week 5 episode was Disney-themed and included a quickstep to \"Friend Like Me\" by Drew Carey and Cheryl Burke that featured an animated Genie dancing along. The dance scored a total of 28 from the four judges (including guest judge Donny Osmond). It was also danced to by Alison Hammond and Aljaž ��korjanec in Series 12, Week 7 of the British version of the show (titled Strictly Come Dancing). Their Charleston to this song scored a total of 27 from the judges.\nIn 1996 2Pac recorded the song \"Never Had a Friend Like Me\", which interpolates \"Friend Like Me\". This song is featured on the 1997 original soundtrack for the film, Gridlock'd.\nNe-Yo covered the song for the 2015 United States version of We Love Disney. An official music video is available online and on the 2015 diamond edition of the film.\nWill Smith, as the Genie, performs the song in the 2019 live-action remake of Aladdin, and as a rap in the end credits, with DJ Khaled.\n\n\n== Charts ==\nWill Smith version\n\n\n== Certifications ==\nWill Smith version\n\n\n== References ==\"Friend Like Me\" is the song from Disney's 1992 animated feature film Aladdin. It was performed by Robin Williams in his role as the Genie. The song is also performed by Will Smith in 2019 live-action remake. It was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original",
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| Which accolade was bestowed upon the vocalist who performed Never Had a Friend Like Me in Aladdin? | [
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"id": 54651,
"question": "who sings never had a friend like me aladdin",
"answer": "Robin Williams",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
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"id": 169233,
"question": "#1 >> award received",
"answer": "Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
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| Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor | []
| true | What award did the singer of Never Had a Friend Like Me in Aladdin receive? |
2hop__9930_21567 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Late Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the ReThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).\nAround 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 131The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the ReThe main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries.The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500. The late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern period (and in much of Europe, the Renaissance).\nAround 1350, centuries of prosperity and growth in Europe came to a halt. A series of famines and plagues, including the Great Famine of 1315–1317 and the Black Death, reduced the population to around half of what it had been before the calamities. Along with depopulation came social unrest and endemic warfare. France and England experienced serious peasant uprisings, such as the Jacquerie and the Peasants' Revolt, as well as over a century of intermittent conflict, the Hundred Years' War. To add to the many problems of the period, the unity of the Catholic Church was temporarily shattered by the Western Schism. Collectively, those events are sometimes called the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages.\nDespite the crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century through contact with Arabs during the Crusades, but the availability of important Greek texts accelerated with the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy.\nCombined with this influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing, which facilitated the dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. Those two things would later lead to the Reformation. Toward the end of the period, the Age of Discovery began. The expansion of the Ottoman Empire cut off trading possibilities with the East. Europeans were forced to seek new trading routes, leading to the Spanish expedition under Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492 and Vasco da Gama's voyage to Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of nationalist Balkan states, which saw the independence of the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, the Danubian Principalities, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Up until 1912, the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet, which were lost in the two Balkan Wars of 1912–13.\nThe Ottoman Empire, believed to be about to collapse, was portrayed in the press as the \"sick man of Europe\". The Balkan states, with the partial exception of Bosnia and Albania, were primarily Christian, as was the majority of Lebanon. Starting in 1894, the Ottomans struck at the Armenians and Assyrians on the explicit grounds that they were non-Muslim peoples and as such were a potential threat to the Muslim empire within which they lived. The Hamidian Massacres, Adana Massacres and Massacres of Badr Khan targeting Assyrians and Armenians aroused the indignation of the entire Christian world. In the United States, the then aging Julia Ward Howe, author of the Battle Hymn of the Republic, leapt into the war of words and joined the Red Cross. Relations of minorities within the Ottoman Empire and the disposition of former Ottoman lands became known as the \"Eastern question\", as the Ottomans were on the east of Europe.\nIt now became relevant to define the east of the eastern question. In about the middle of the nineteenth century, Near East came into use to describe that part of the east closest to Europe. The term Far East appeared contemporaneously meaning Japan, China, Korea, Indonesia and Vietnam. Near East applied to what had been mainly known as the Levant, which was in the jurisdiction of the Ottoman Porte, or government. Europeans could not set foot on most of the shores of the southern and central Mediterranean from the Gulf of Sidra to Albania without permits from the Ottoman Empire.\nSome regions beyond the Ottoman Porte were included. One was North Africa west of Egypt. It was occupied by piratical kingdoms of the Barbary Coast, de facto-independent since the eighteenth century, formerly part of the empire at its apogee. Iran was included because it could not easily be reached except through the Ottoman Empire orThe regions in their inventory were Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia and Abyssinia. Explicitly excluded is India. No mention is made of the Balkans.TheThe regions in their inventory were Assyria, Chaldea, Mesopotamia, Persia, Armenia, Egypt, Arabia, Syria, Palestine, Ethiopia, Caucasus, Libya, Anatolia and Abyssinia. Explicitly excluded is India. No mention is made of the Balkans. and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. Historically, the term Near East was used in conjunction with the Middle East (Iran to Myanmar) and the Far East (China and beyond), together known as the \"three Easts\"; it was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East denote the same territories and are \"generally accepted as comprising the countries of the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie.,",
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| Who instituted the musical notation method utilized in an area not documented in the 14th century? | [
{
"id": 9930,
"question": "What region has no mention?",
"answer": "the Balkans",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
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{
"id": 21567,
"question": "Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the #1 in the 14th century?",
"answer": "John Kukuzelis",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
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| John Kukuzelis | []
| true | Who introduced a system of musical notation used in the region that has no mention in the 14th century? |
2hop__48481_319887 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Daddy's Home 2",
"paragraph_text": ". Although the film received generally negative reviews from critics, it grossed over $180 million worldwide against a production budget of $69–70 million.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\nFinally friends, Brad Whitaker and Dusty Mayron co-parent Dusty's two children, Megan and Dylan, who take turns at each father's house. Dusty has remarried to Karen, a doctor/novelist, and is a stepfather to her daughter Adrianna. The men decide to have a joint Christmas rather than separate ones, after Megan embarrassingly admits she would prefer one \"together Christmas\".\nDusty's tough fighter pilot/Space Shuttle astronaut father Kurt and Brad's overbearing and cheerful father, Don, unexpectedly arrive for Christmas. Megan and Dylan warmly embrace Don, as he is very present in their lives, while Kurt hasn't seen them since they were toddlers. From his envy of the affection the children show Don, Kurt rents a large cabin through Airbnb, to house them all through the holiday week.\nBrad and Dusty's co-parenting is put to the test by Kurt's meddling. Dusty's beef with Kurt mainly stems from the fact that he was rarely there for him as a child. Especially painful was when, during a youth Glee Club recital he embarrassed himself by missing his solo part when Kurt left to make out with a woman during his part. Sara, meanwhile, tries to bond with Karen, but is appalled by her behavior. She later becomes concerned Don isn't with his wife, who he claims couldn't come as she was staying home to take care of her ill brother.\nDylan develops a crush on Casey, a little girl staying in the cabin next door, causing Megan and Adrianna to constantly tease him in front of her. Brad gives him some \"advice\", and Dusty interjects when he thinks Brad is having what looks like \"the talk\" with Dylan, although they had agreed to do it together. As the trees on the Christmas tree farm are small, Kurt suggests they illegally go on to private property to cut one down. Brad mistakes a cell phone tower for a tree and is electrocuted.\nAfter bowling, the family takes the kids to see Santa. There, Kurt tries to convince Dylan to ask Santa for a shotgun, but Don talks him out of it. Megan, however, wants one instead and is granted permission after Kurt makes a sexist comment. Out hunting the next day, Megan accidentally shoots Kurt in the shoulder, sending him to the hospital. While Kurt is down, she shoots two turkeys, surprising him. Sara confronts Brad over Don's odd behavior, but he refuses to believe her.\nBrad, Dusty, Don and Kurt go to an improv comedy club, where they have a good time until Kurt picks up a woman at the bar, annoying Dusty. Brad enters Don into the improv show, and Dusty chooses the topic of a husband confronting his cheating wife as the subject of the skit. As it progresses, it is revealed that Don and his wife are divorced, shocking Brad. Sara comforts Don about his divorce, but when Dusty reveals his part in the skit, Don and Brad become furious and Dusty and Brad's relationship becomes strained. Brad, attempting to get back at Dusty, invites Adrianna's father, Roger, who intimidates Dusty.\nThe entire family takes part in a live nativity. Brad fights with Dusty because he wants to play Joseph. A drunken Megan begins to swear, and an equally drunk Adrianna falls from her platform, then the crowd breaks up. Instead of Dusty fighting Brad, he almost fights Roger, and Don is repeatedly hit in the face with ice-balls.\nOn Christmas Day, the families, depressed from all the arguing, pack up to leave. On their way out of town, they are forced back due to a blizzard, taking shelter at a movie theater. They see Missile Tow, a holiday action comedy film starring Liam Neeson. When the power cuts off during the movie, everyone goes to the lobby where each man confronts his father about his secrets, lies, and attitudes, and reconcile.\nRemembering advice given to him by Kurt, Dylan walks toward the girl he has a crush on to kiss her, but instead kisses Adrianna. Kurt pushes Dusty to stand up to Adrianna and punish her forWill Ferrell as Brad Whitaker Mark Wahlberg as Dusty Mayron Mel Gibson as Kurt Mayron John Lithgow as Don Whitaker Linda Cardellini as Sara Whitaker John Cena as Roger Scarlett Estevez as Megan Mayron Owen Vaccaro as Dylan Mayron Alessandra Ambrosio as Karen Mayron Didi Costine as Adrianna Chesley Sullenberger as himself Liam Neeson as himself Bill Burr as JerryWill Ferrell as Brad Whitaker Mark Wahlberg as Dusty Mayron Mel Gibson as Kurt Mayron John Lithgow as Don Whitaker Linda Cardellini as Sara Whitaker John Cena as Roger Scarlett Estevez as Megan Mayron Owen Vaccaro as Dylan Mayron Alessandra Ambrosio as Karen Mayron Didi Costine as Adrianna Chesley Sullenberger as himself Liam Neeson as himself Bill Burr as Jerryy (Ferrell and Wahlberg), now co-parenting Dusty's kids, who have to deal with their own fathers (Lithgow and Gibson) visiting for the holidays.\nUnlike its predecessor, Red Granite Pictures was not involved in the film's production. Principal photography on the film began in Massachusetts in March 2017 and it was released in the United States by Paramount Pictures on November 10, 2017. Although the film received generally negative reviews from critics, it grossed over $180 million worldwide against a production budget of $69–70 million.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\nFinally friends, Brad Whitaker and Dusty Mayron co-parent Dusty's two children, Megan and Dylan, who take turns at each father's house. Dusty has remarried to Karen, a doctor/novelist, and is a stepfather to her daughter Adrianna. The men decide to have a joint Christmas rather than separate ones, after Megan embarrassingly admits she would prefer one \"together Christmas\".\nDusty's tough fighter pilot/Space Shuttle astronaut father Kurt and Brad's overbearing and cheerful father, Don, unexpectedly arrive for Christmas. Megan and Dylan warmly embrace Don, as he is very present in their lives, while Kurt hasn't seen them since they were toddlers. From his envy of the affection the children show Don, Kurt rents a large cabin through Airbnb, to house them all through the holiday week.\nBrad and Dusty's co-parenting is put to the test by Kurt's meddling. Dusty's beef with Kurt mainly stems from the fact that he was rarely there for him as a child. Especially painful was when, during a youth G",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Jason Keng-Kwin Chan",
"paragraph_text": "fest for this drama.\nTheir second drama \"Perfect Girl\" was created as a 10 x 5-8min web series. This series went on to win 7 international awards from 16 nominations. Jason was credited as writer and composer, and shared directing and editing credits.\nRecently, Jason has co-written, directed and scored a TV pilot \"Bang Bang Club\" which has gone on to win a Platinum REMI award at the Worldfest Houston International Film Festival 2016. Jason was also nominated for Best Editing and Best Original Score for this project at the Indie Series Awards (LA) 2016.\n\n\n== Awards ==\nJason has been a recipient of numerous awards and nominations in various categories: writing, directing, acting, editing, composing.\nAwards\n\nPlatinum Remi (Houston International Film Fest 2016)\nOutstanding Writing (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Directing (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Editing (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Drama Series (LA Webfest 2015)\nOutstanding Drama (Toronto Webfest 2015)\nBest International Series (Atlanta Webfest 2014)\nNominations\n\nBest Editing (Indie Series Awards 2016)\nBest Score (Indie Series Awards Born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan is of Chinese descent and moved to Perth, Australia with his family when he was only 5 years old. He entered medical school at the University of Western Australia, but Chan continued to pursue the creative arts, studying ballet, contemporary dance, and jazz dance at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. After graduating, he obtained his Fellowship in General PracticeBorn in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Chan is of Chinese descent and moved to Perth, Australia with his family when he was only 5 years old. He entered medical school at the University of Western Australia, but Chan continued to pursue the creative arts, studying ballet, contemporary dance, and jazz dance at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts. After graduating, he obtained his Fellowship in General Practice and worked as a General Practitioner for a few years before gaining a place in the renowned National Institute of Dramatic Art (NIDA) in Sydney (other graduates include: Mel Gibson, Cate Blanchett, Judy Davis, Baz Luhrmann and Hugo Weaving) where he obtained a Bachelor of Dramatic Arts in Acting. He is the co-founder of the Production Company \"BananaMana Films\" along with Christian Lee. Chan currently resides in Singapore.",
"is_supporting": true
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| Where did the actor who portrayed Kurt in Daddy's Home 2 receive his education? | [
{
"id": 48481,
"question": "who plays kurt in daddy's home 2",
"answer": "Mel Gibson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
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{
"id": 319887,
"question": "#1 >> educated at",
"answer": "National Institute of Dramatic Art",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
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| National Institute of Dramatic Art | [
"NIDA"
]
| true | Where was the actor who plays Kurt in Daddy's Home 2 educated? |
2hop__36269_73244 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Orange River",
"paragraph_text": " border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.\nAt the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern border of the province. From here, the river flows further westward through the arid wilderness of the southern Kalahari region and Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province to meet with Namibia at 20°E longitude. From here, it flows westward for 550 km (340 mi), forming the international border between the province and Namibia's ��Karas Region. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia.\n\nIn the last 800 km (500 mi) of its course, the Orange receives many intermittent streams, and several large wadis lead into it. In this section, the Namib Desert terminates on the north bank of the river, so under normal circumstances, the volume of water added by these tributaries is negligible. Here, the bed of the river is once again deeply incised. The Augrabies Falls are located on this section of the Orange, where the river descends 122 m (400 ft) in a course of 26 km (16 mi).\nThe Orange empties into the Atlantic Ocean between the small towns of Oranjemund (meaning \"Orange mouth\") in Namibia and Alexander Bay in South Africa, about equidistant between Walvis Bay and Cape Town. Some 33 km (21 mi) from its mouth, it is obstructed by rapids and sand bars and is generally not navigable for long stretches.\nThe river has a total length of 2,432 km (1,511 mi).\n\n\n=== Catchment and rainfall ===\n\nIn the dry season, the volume of the water in the river is considerably reduced because of the rapid run-off and evaporation. At the source of the Orange, the rainfall is about 2,000 mm (79 in) per annum, but precipitation decreases as the river flows westward; at its mouth, the rainfall is less than 50 mm (2.0 in) per year. The factors that support evaporation, though, tend to increase in a westerly direction. In the wet season (summer), the Orange river becomes a brown coloured torrent. The huge mass of sediment carriedOrange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).The OrangeOrange Gariep, Oranje, Senqu River Sunset over the Orange River near Upington in the Northern Cape Countries Lesotho, South Africa, Namibia Tributaries - right Caledon River, Vaal River, Fish River (Namibia) Landmarks Gariep Dam, Augrabies Falls Source Thaba Putsoa - location Maloti Mountains (Drakensberg), Lesotho - elevation 3,350 m (10,991 ft) Mouth Alexander Bay - location Atlantic Ocean Length 2,200 km (1,367 mi) Basin 973,000 km (375,677 sq mi) Discharge - average 365 m / s (12,890 cu ft / s) The course and watershed of the Orange River, Caledon River and Vaal River. This map shows a conservative border for the watershed. Specifically, the Kalahari basin is excluded, as some sources say it is endorheic. Some other sources using computational methods show a basin which includes parts of Botswana (and hence of the Kalahari).rikaans as Gariep River with the intrusion of a velar fricative in place of the alveolar click, Groote River (derived from Kai !Garib) or Senqu River (used in Lesotho), derived from ��Nū \"Black\". It is known in isiZulu as isAngqu.\n\n\n== Course ==\n\nThe Orange rises in the Drakensberg mountains along the border between South Africa and Lesotho, about 193 km (120 mi) west of the Indian Ocean and at an altitude of over 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The extremity of the Orange River inside Lesotho is known as the Senqu. Parts of the Senqu River freeze in winter because of the high altitude. This creates droughts downstream, which mainly affect goat and cattle production.\n\nThe Orange River then runs westward through South Africa, forming the south-western boundary of the Free State province. In this section, the river flows first into the Gariep Dam and later into the Vanderkloof Dam. From the border of Lesotho to below the Vanderkloof Dam, the river bed is deeply incised. Further downstream, the land is flatter, and the river is used extensively for irrigation.\nAt the western point of the Free State, southwest of Kimberley, the Orange meets with its main tributary, the Vaal River, which forms much of the northern border of the province. From here, the river flows further westward through the arid wilderness of the southern Kalahari region and Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province to meet with Namibia at 20°E longitude. From here, it flows westward for 550 km (340 mi), forming the international border between the province and Namibia's ��Karas Region. On the border, the river passes the town of Vioolsdrif, the main border post between South Africa and Namibia.\n\nIn the last 800 km (500 mi) of its course, the Orange receives many intermittent streams, and several large wadis lead into it. In this section, the Namib Desert terminates on the north bank of the river, so under normal circumstances, the volume of water added by these tributaries is negligible. Here, the bed of the river is once again deeply incised. The Augrabies Falls are located on this section of the Orange, where the river descends 122 m (400 ft) in a course of 26 km (16 mi).\nThe Orange empties into the Atlantic Ocean between the small towns of Oranjemund (meaning \"Orange mouth\") in Namibia and Alexander Bay in South Africa, about equidistant between Walvis Bay and Cape Town. Some 33 km (",
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"idx": 19,
"title": "Namibia",
"paragraph_text": " customs due to cumbersome and costly customs procedures. Namibia is also classified as an Upper Middle Income country by the World Bank, and ranks 87th out of 185 economies in terms of ease of doing business.Namibia ( , ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the east and south. Although it does not border Zimbabwe, less than 200 metres (660 feet) of the Botswanan right bank of the Zambezi River separates the two countries. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek.\nThe driest country in sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia has been inhabited since pre-historic times by the Khoi, San, Damara and Nama people. Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion. Since then, the Bantu groups, the largest being the Ovambo, have dominated the population of the country; since the late 19th century, they have constituted a majority. With a population of 3,022,401 people today, Namibia is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world.\nIn 1884, the German Empire established rule over most of the territory, forming a colony known as German South West Africa. Between 1904 and 1908, German troops waged a punitive campaign against the Herero and Nama which escalated into the first genocide of the 20th century. German rule ended during the First World War with a 1915 defeat by South African forces. In 1920, after the end of the war, the League of Nations mandated administration of the colony to South Africa. From 1948, with the National Party elected to power, this included South Africa applying apartheid to what was then known as South West Africa. In the later 20th century, uprisings and demands for political representation resulted in the United Nations assuming direct responsibility over the territory in 1966, but South Africa maintained de facto rule until 1973, when the UN recognized the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people. Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence. However, Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands remained under South African control until 1994.\nNamibia is a stable parliamentary democracy. Agriculture, tourism and the mining industry – including mining for gem diamonds, uranium, gold, silver and base metals – form the basis of its economy, while the manufacturing sector is comparatively small. Despite significant GDP growth since its independence, poverty and inequalityThe dry lands of Namibia were inhabited since early times by San, Damara, Nama and, since about the 14th century AD, by immigrating Bantu who came with the Bantu expansion from central Africa. From the late 18th century onwards, Orlam clans from the Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into the area that today is southern Namibia. Their encounters with the nomadic Nama tribes were largely peaceful. The missionaries accompanying the Orlams were well received by them, the right to use waterholes and grazing was granted against an annual payment. On their way further northwards, however, the Orlams encountered clans of the Herero tribe at Windhoek, Gobabis, and Okahandja which were less accommodating. The Nama-Herero War broke out in 1880, with hostilities ebbing only when Imperial Germany deployed troops to the contested places and cemented the status quo between Nama, Orlams, and Herero.",
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| What is the starting point of the river that was traversed by the Orlam clans in their migration to Namibia? | [
{
"id": 36269,
"question": "Orlam clans crossed which river to migrate to Namibia?",
"answer": "Orange River",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
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{
"id": 73244,
"question": "where is the origin of #1",
"answer": "Thaba Putsoa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
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| Thaba Putsoa | []
| true | Where is the origin of the river that Orlam clans crossed to migrate to Namibia? |
3hop1__108833_720914_27537 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)",
"paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== DescriptionThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Croc",
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"idx": 5,
"title": "Pope John XXIII",
"paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one inFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed]",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "The Bacchanal of the Andrians",
"paragraph_text": "The Bacchanal of the Andrians is an oil painting by Titian. It is signed \".[aciebat]\" and is dated to 1523–1526.The Bacchanal of the Andrians is an oil painting by Titian. It is signed \".[aciebat]\" and is dated to 1523–1526.The Bacchanal of the Andrians or The Andrians is an oil painting by Titian. It is signed \"TICIANUS F.[aciebat]\" and is dated to 1523–1526.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe painting was made by Titian for the Sala dei Baccanali in the Camerini d'alabastro for Alfonso I d'Este, after The Worship of Venus (1518–1519) and Bacchus and Ariadne (1520–1523) and Titian's intervention on The Feast of the Gods by Bellini in 1524–1525 where he retouched the landscape to match the style of the other paintings.\nIn 1598, control of Ferrara passed to the Papal State and the Este family had to withdraw to Modena. During the transfer, cardinal and papal legate Pietro Aldobrandini appropriated many paintings, among which were The Bacchanal and The Worship of Venus. Aldobrandini never exhibited the taken paintings. His theft only became known in 1629 after the paintings had come into the Ludovisi inheritance and then were sold to the Duke of Monterrey in payment of the Principality of Piombino. They were then donated to Philip IV of Spain in 1639. The first documentation of the paintings in Spain date to the inventories of the Royal Alcázar of Madrid in 1666, 1686, and 1700.\n\nThe three canvases of Titian were admired and copied as much in Italy as in Spain by artists like Pieter Paul Rubens, Guido Reni, Nicolas Poussin, and Diego Velázquez, and they contributed to the development of the Baroque style. Rubens' copies of The Bacchanal are housed at the Nationalmuseum in Stockholm. The Italian artist Domenichino famously wept upon hearing that the masterpieces had left Italy.:��70��\nIn 1782, British painter Joshua Reynolds admired The Bacchanal, which inspired him to draw a parallel between Titian and the Latin poet Virgil:\n\n\"What was said of Virgil, that he threw even filth about the ground with an air of dignity, may be applied to Titian ; whatever he touched, however naturally mean and habitually familiar, by a kind of magic he invested with grandeur and importance.\"\nThe painting is now held at the Museo del Prado in Madrid.\n\n\n== Description and style ==\n\n\n=== Mythology ===\n\nThe painting is set on the island of Andros. A sleeping nymph and a urinating boy are seen in the lower right foreground while men and women celebrate with jugs of wine. The absence of Bacchus from the painting is explained by Erwin Panofsky, who suggests that the god must be on the departing ship seen in the center background. Due to the artistic liberties Titian took in painting these figures, it is difficult to identify them.\n\nThe decorative programme included other major paintings celebrating Bacchus and Venus, the gods of wine and love. Like its predecessor Bacchus and Ariadne, The Bacchanal of the Andrians was inspired by the Imagines of Philostratus.\n\n\n=== Characters ===\nIn the foreground, to the right there is the sensual nude of a nymph-bacchante with light complexion, an educated citation of the Sleeping Ariadne, with the right elbow raised and the arm bent behind the head, a convention used to represent the sleep. She, wrote Vasari, \"is so beautiful to appear alive\".\nA little behind a puer mingens raises up his tunic, \"pees in a river and reflects himself in water\", as always Vasari described him, while at the center two young girls chatter lying on the ground, enlightened by full light. One of them, without turning, raises up her plate, in which a nude man pours wine from a pitcher. Another man is touching with impunity her ankle, but he's also turning his face to a dancer who seems about to stumble: he cites faithfully a character from the Battle of Cascina of Michelangelo, who is visible below to the right in the copy of Aristotile da Sangallo. In spite of the gesture the man and the woman seem to ignore each other: the strong sense of beauty and joy, even erotic, is never disturbed by vulgar attitudes.\nTo the left an overweight man, who resembles Silenus, is kneeling half-nude and drinks with pleasure from a pitcher, just filled from the wine river, from which also a boy is drawing. In the background, under the shadow of a wood, a servant (who is holding on his shoulders a spirals krater full of wine) and two singers are visible. A little to the right there is the dancers group, in which stand out both a man who is trying to do the juggler by holding a transparent jug full of wine on the tip of his fingers and the couple in full light, the clothes of whom are lighted with shining reflections of matter. The youngster seen from behind is holding an ivy crown, plant sacred to Dionysus, while the other sacred plant, the vine, is visible upward, rooted among the trees fronds. \nThe female dancer wearing a white tunic resembles the woman in red in the center of the scene, who also remind of the presumed mistress of Titian, i.e. the blond woman with curly hair appearing for example also in the two paintings Flora (Titian) and Woman with a Mirror. The violets between the hair of the central female figure might be a reference to the name Violante: a tradition states as a matter of fact that Titian's mistress was Palma il Vecchio's daughter, who was exactly called so.\n\n\n=== Music ===\nThe musical score lying in the foreground, suggesting a link between music and Dionysian pleasures, is a whimsical canon in French:\n\nThe song is attributed to Ferrarese court musician Adrian Willaert. Its presence in the painting hints at the connection between music theory in Ferrara and Titian's musically influenced use of color.\nIn the painting, however, none of the instruments are being played. The only instruments portrayed are the \"straight flute\". Two are held by the girls in the foreground, and a third is on the ground behind them and near a glass of wine, an overturned metal cup, and a tray of libations.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==The Bacchanal of the Andrians or The Andrians is an oil painting by Titian. It is signed \"TICIANUS F.[aciebat]\" and is dated to 1523–1526.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe painting was made by Titian for the Sala dei Baccanali in the Camerini d'alabastro for Alfonso I d'Este, after The Worship of Venus (1518–1519) and Bacchus and Ariadne (1520–1523) and Titian's intervention on The Feast of the Gods by Bellini in 1524–1525 where he retouched the landscape to match the style of the other paintings.\nIn 1598, control of Ferrara passed to the Papal State and the Este family had to withdraw to Modena. During the transfer, cardinal and papal legate Pietro Aldobrandini appropriated many paintings, among which were The Bacchanal and The Worship of Venus. Aldobrandini never exhibited the taken paintings. His theft only became known in 1629 after the paintings had come into the Ludovisi inheritance and then were sold to the Duke of Monterrey in payment of the Principality of Piombino. They were then donated to Philip IV of Spain in 1639. The first documentation of the paintings in Spain date to the inventories of the Royal Alcázar of Madrid in 1666, 1686, and 1700.\n\nThe three canvases of Titian were admired and copied as much in Italy as in Spain by artists like Pieter Paul Rubens, Guido Reni, Nicolas Poussin, and Diego Velázquez, and they contributed",
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| What was the reason behind Roncalli's departure from the location where the creator of The Bacchanal of the Andrians passed away? | [
{
"id": 108833,
"question": "Who developed The Bacchanal of the Andrians?",
"answer": "Titian",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
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{
"id": 720914,
"question": "#1 >> place of death",
"answer": "Venice",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 27537,
"question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?",
"answer": "for the conclave in Rome",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
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| for the conclave in Rome | [
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| true | Why did Roncalli leave the place where artist who made The Bacchanal of the Andrians died? |
2hop__463353_80420 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Swayze Field",
"paragraph_text": " the City of Oxford, using a 2% Local Tourism Tax on prepared food and alcohol to pay for it.\n\n\n== Features ==\n\n\n=== Right field terrace ===\nThe hill beyond the right field wall was equipped with a seating area in 1993 that sits comfortably between the field and eight tennis courts. This has historically been a section for students. Since the 2000 season the area has undergone many improvements. What began as a gathering place for about 100 students has grown into an area of about 1,000 students per game during conference season. This area however is not counted as part of the stadium.\n\n\n==== Right field traditions ====\n1.) One of the main right field traditions involves the players themselves. After warmups are completed, each inning the outfielders throw the baseball into the right field student section where students write messages on them and then throw the ball back to the outfielders for warm ups the next inning.2.) The beer shower: Upon an Ole Miss home run or walk off win, the student section jumps to their feet and throws their beverage into the air.\n\n\n=== Left field terrace ===\nFor many years there was nothing but trees and a parking lot beyond the left field wall. In 2006, the left field area, known as Oakes Pavilion, was renovated with a new scoreboard equipped with a large video board and the seating areas were upgraded with grills, picnic tables, and a play area for children. The left field area can hold around 1,000 fans and has become one of the more popular areas of the field. It is mainly reserved for the families and non-students.\n\n\n=== Stadium amenities ===\nBelow the stands are coach's offices, locker rooms, player's lounge, press area, and a workout area for the pitchers. Along the first base line is a 6,800-square-foot (630 m2) hitting complex. In 2006 a large video board was added that supplies fans with replays during the game.\n\n\n== Expansion ==\nIn April 2007, Ole Miss announced that their baseball stadium would undergo an $18.5 million expansion. The expansion was mostly completed in time for the 2009 baseball season. The expansion resulted in an increase of the overall number of seats to just over 6,000 and a total capacity exceeding 8,500. The architect for both the original facility and the expansion was Cooke Douglass Farr Lemons. On June 6, 2009, an Ole Miss record 10,323 were present to watch the Super Regional game vs the University of Virginia (UVA won 4–3).\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== Attendance ==\nThe first Ole Miss game with more than 10,000 fans (10,323) in attendance occurred on June 6, 2009, against Virginia in Super Regional play.\nOn April 28, 2018, a new attendance record, 12,152, was set on Double Decker Weekend in a game against LSU, which then No.6 Ole Miss won 9–8. This record fell in 2022 during the final game of the Rebels' home series against archrival Mississippi State, when a crowd of 12,503 saw the Rebels fall 7–6 in 11 innings.\nIn 2013, the Rebels ranked 3rd among Division I baseball programs in attendance, averaging 7,996 per home game.\nIn 2015, 2016, & 2017, the Rebels ranked 2nd among Division I baseball programs in per game attendance, averaging 8,028, 8,619, & 9,238 per home game, respectively.\n\n\n=== Stadium attendance in excess of 11,000 ===\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nList of NCAA Division I baseball venues\n\n\n== References ==Oxford-University Stadium at Swayze Field is the home of the University of Mississippi Rebels college baseball team, the 2022 NCAA National Champions, and is located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is named in honor of Tom Swayze, a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach.\nThe $3.75 million stadium opened on February 19, 1989, with a double header sweep of Cumberland University. The actual stadium sits on city property off-campus and was built by the City of Oxford, using a 2% Local Tourism Tax on prepared food and alcohol to pay for it.\n\n\n== Features ==\n\n\n=== Right field terrace ===\nThe hill beyond the right field wall was equipped with a seating area in 1993 that sits comfortably between the field and eight tennis courts. This has historically been a section for students. Since the 2000 season the area has undergone many improvements. What began as a gathering place for about 100 students has grown into an area of about 1,000 students per game during conference season. This area however is not counted as part of the stadium.\n\n\n==== Right field traditions ====\n1.) One of the main right field traditions involves the players themselves. After warmups are completed, each inning the outfielders throw the baseball into the right field student section where students write messages on them and then throw the ball back to the outfielders for warm ups the next inning.2.) The beer shower: Upon an Ole Miss home run or walk off win, the student section jumps to their feet and throws their beverage into the air.\n\n\n=== Left field terrace ===\nFor many years there was nothing but trees and a parking lot beyond the left field wall. In 2006, the left field area, known as Oakes Pavilion, was renovated with a new scoreboard equipped with a large video board and the seating areas were upgraded with grills, picnic tables, and a play area for children. The left field area can hold around 1,000 fans and has become one of the more popular areas of the field. It is mainly reserved for the families and non-students.\n\n\n=== Stadium amenities ===\nBelow the standsOxford-University Stadium at Swayze Field is the home of the University of Mississippi Rebels college baseball team and is located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is named in honor of Tom Swayze, a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach.OOxford-University Stadium at Swayze Field is the home of the University of Mississippi Rebels college baseball team and is located in Oxford, Mississippi. It is named in honor of Tom Swayze, a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach., a former Ole Miss baseball player and coach.\nThe $3.75 million stadium opened on February 19, 1989, with a double header sweep of Cumberland University. The actual stadium sits on city property off-campus and was built by the City of Oxford, using a 2% Local Tourism Tax on prepared food and alcohol to pay for it.\n\n\n== Features ==\n\n\n=== Right field terrace ===\nThe hill beyond the right field wall was equipped with a seating area in 1993 that sits comfortably between the field and eight tennis courts. This has historically been a section for students. Since the 2000 season the area has undergone many improvements. What began as a gathering place for about 100 students has grown into an area of about 1,000 students per game during conference season. This area",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "James Meredith",
"paragraph_text": " second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers. He rejoined the march and when Meredith and other leaders entered Jackson on June 26, they were leading an estimated 15,000 marchers, in what was the largest civil rights march in Mississippi. During the march, more than 4,000 African Americans registered to vote, and it was a catalyst to continued community organizing and additional registration.\nIn 2002 and again in 2012, the University of Mississippi led year-long series of events to celebrate the 40th and 50th anniversaries of Meredith's integration of the institution. HeJames Howard Meredith (born June 25, 1933) is an African - American Civil Rights Movement figure, writer, political adviser and Air Force veteran. In 1962, he became the first African - American student admitted to the segregated University of Mississippi, after the intervention of the federal government, an event that was a flashpoint in the Civil Rights Movement. Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address, Meredith decided to exercise his constitutional rights and apply to the University of Mississippi. His goal was to put pressure on the Kennedy administration to enforce civil rights for African Americans. Americans. The admission of Meredith ignited the Ole Miss riot of 1962 where Meredith's life was threatened and 31,000 American servicemen were required to quell the violence – the largest ever invocation of the Insurrection Act of 1807.\nIn 1966, Meredith planned a solo 220-mile (350-kilometer) March Against Fear from Memphis, Tennessee, to Jackson, Mississippi; he wanted to highlight continuing racism in the South and encourage voter registration after passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. He did not want major civil rights organizations involved. The second day, he was shot by a white gunman and suffered numerous wounds. Leaders of major organizations vowed to complete the march in his name after he was taken to the hospital. While Meredith was recovering, more people from across the country became involved as marchers. He rejoined the march and when Meredith and other leaders entered Jackson on June 26, they were leading an estimated 15,000 marchers, in what was the largest civil rights march in Mississippi. During the march, more than 4,000 African Americans registered to vote, and it was a catalyst to continued community organizing and additional registration.\nIn 2002 and again in 2012, the University of Mississippi led year-long series of events to celebrate the 40th and 50th anniversaries of Meredith's integration of the institution. He was among numerous speakers invited to the campus, where a statue of him commemorates his role. The Lyceum-The Circle Historic District at the center of the campus has been designated as a National Historic Landmark for these events.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nMeredith was born in 1933 in Kosciusko, Mississippi, the son of Roxie (Patterson) and Moses Meredith. He is of African-American, English Canadian, Scots and Choctaw heritage. His family nickname was \"J-Boy\". European traders intermarried with some Choctaw during the colonial period. In the 1830s, thousands of Choctaw chose to stay in Mississippi and become United States citizens when most of the tribe left their traditional homeland for Indian Territory during the federally imposed removal. Those in the state had unions with European Americans and African Americans (some of whom were enslaved), adding to the multi-racial population in the developing territory.\nMeredith completed 11th grade at Attala County Training School (which was segregated as \"white\" and \"colored\" under the state's Jim Crow laws) and completed 12th grade at Gibbs High School in St. Petersburg, Florida. He graduated from high school in 1951. Then, Meredith enlisted in the United States Air Force. He served from 1951 to 1960.\nAfterward Meredith attended Jackson State University for two years, achieving good grades.\n\n\n== University of Mississippi ==\n\n\n=== Challenge to the University ===\nIn 1961, inspired the day before by U.S. President John F. Kennedy, Meredith started to apply to the University of Mississippi, intending to insist on his civil rights to attend the state-funded university. It still admitted only white students under the state's culture of racial segregation, although the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) that segregation of public schools was unconstitutional, as they are supported by all the taxpayers.\nMeredith wrote in his application that he wanted admission for his country, race, family,",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who was the inaugural African American learner at the educational institution that possesses Swayze Field? | [
{
"id": 463353,
"question": "Swayze Field >> owned by",
"answer": "University of Mississippi",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 80420,
"question": "who was the first african american student to attend #1",
"answer": "James Howard Meredith",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| James Howard Meredith | [
"James Meredith"
]
| true | Who was the first African American student to attend the school that owns Swayze Field? |
3hop1__818422_160545_34754 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Beatrice Heuser",
"paragraph_text": " a D.Phil. in Political Science from the University of Oxford. In addition, she holds a Higher Doctorate from the University of Marburg. From 1989 to 1991, she worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. Subsequently, she became a lecturer and later a professor of Strategic Studies at King's College London. She has also taught in France at the University of Reims, and the Graduate School of Journalism in Lille, and in Germany at the University of Potsdam and Bundeswehr University of Munich. 'From 2003 to 2007 the director of the research section of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office in Potsdam from 2003 to 2007. In 2007 she wasBeatrice Heuser (born 15 March 1961 in Bangkok), is an historian and political scientist. She holds the chair of International Relations at the University of Glasgow. autumn 2024.\n\n\n== Life ==\nHeuser has a B.A. in History from Bedford College, a M.A. in International History from the London School of Economics and a D.Phil. in Political Science from the University of Oxford. In addition, she holds a Higher Doctorate from the University of Marburg. From 1989 to 1991, she worked at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. Subsequently, she became a lecturer and later a professor of Strategic Studies at King's College London. She has also taught in France at the University of Reims, and the Graduate School of Journalism in Lille, and in Germany at the University of Potsdam and Bundeswehr University of Munich. 'From 2003 to 2007 the director of the research section of the German Armed Forces Military History Research Office in Potsdam from 2003 to 2007. In 2007 she was appointed to a Chair of International Relations at the University of Reading. She left Reading for the Chair of IR at Glasgow in 2017.\nIn 2011/2012 she held visiting professorships at the University of Paris 8 (St Denis",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Bang Bon District",
"paragraph_text": " at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon District and Krathum Baen District of Samut Sakhon Province, and Nong Khaem District of Bangkok.== History ==\nFormerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District.\nOn 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district. The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road.\nThe name Bang Bon is reference to a type of herbaceous in taro family called bon (บอน, pronounced [b������n]) in Thai, also known internationally as elephant ears (Colocasia esculenta var. aquatilis). Bang Bon is therefore \"a place of elephant ears\".\n\n\n== Administration ==\nThe district has four sub-districts (khwaeng).\n\nThe missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts.\n\n\n== Economy ==\nAgriculture is an important part of the area economy. Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus.\n\n\n== Places ==\nWat Bang Bon\n7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park\nSarasas Witaed Bangbon School\nSuksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nChalerm Yubamrung – politician\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nDistrict website (Thai)\nBMA website with the tourist landmarks of Bang BonBang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bā���� b������n]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand. Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Pacific War",
"paragraph_text": ", while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 1945 and was occupied by the Allies. Japan lost its former possessions in Asia and the Pacific and had its sovereignty limited to the four main home islands and other minor islands as determined by the Allies.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\n\n=== Names of the war ===\nIn Allied countries during the war, the \"Pacific War\" was not usually distinguished from World War II, or was known simply as the War against Japan. In the United States, the term Pacific theater was widely used. The US Armed Forces considered the China Burma India theater to be distinct from the Asiatic-Pacific theater during the conflict.\nJapan used the name Greater East Asia War (大��������, Dai Tō-A Sensō), as chosen by a cabinet decision on 10 December 1941, to refer to both the war with the Western Allies and the ongoing war in China. This name was released to the public on 12 December, with an explanation that it involved Asian nations achieving their independence from the Western powers through armed forces of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. Japanese officials integrated what they called the Japan–China Incident (日支事��, Nisshi Jihen) into the Greater East Asia War. During the Occupation of Japan (1945–52), these terms were prohibited in official documents (although their informal usage continued). The war became officially known as the Pacific War (��平������, Taiheiyō Sensō). The Fifteen Years' War (十五年����, Jūgonen Sensō) is also used, referring to the period from the Mukden Incident of 1931 through 1945.\n\n\n=== Participants ===\n\n\n==== Allies ====\nThe major Allied participants were China, the United States and the British Empire. China had already been engaged in a war against Japan since 1937. The US and its territories, including the Philippine Commonwealth, entered the war afterThe official policy of the U.S. Government is that Thailand was not an ally of the Axis, and that the United States was not at war with Thailand. The policy of the U.S. Government ever since 1945 has been to treat Thailand not as a former enemy, but rather as a country which had been forced into certain actions by Japanese blackmail, before being occupied by Japanese troops. Thailand has been treated by the United States in the same way as such other Axis-occupied countries as Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece, Norway, Poland, and the Netherlands. the Japanese simultaneously attacked American military bases in Hawaii, Wake Island, Guam, and the Philippines, the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong, and invaded Thailand.\nThe Pacific War saw the Allies pitted against Japan, the latter aided by Thailand and to a lesser extent by the Axis powers, Germany and Italy. The Japanese achieved great success in the initial phase of the campaign, but were gradually driven back using an island hopping strategy. The Allies adopted a Europe first stance, giving first priority to defeating Nazi Germany. The Japanese had great difficulty replacing their losses in ships and aircraft, while American factories and shipyards produced ever increasing numbers of both. Fighting included some of the largest naval battles in history and massive Allied air raids over Japan, as well as the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.\nJapan surrendered unconditionally on 15 August 194",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the U.S.' stance on the presumed assistance of the nation where Beatrice Heuser was born to Japan? | [
{
"id": 818422,
"question": "Beatrice Heuser >> place of birth",
"answer": "Bangkok",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 160545,
"question": "Where is #1 located?",
"answer": "Thailand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 34754,
"question": "What does the U.S. believe caused #2 to help Japan?",
"answer": "blackmail",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| blackmail | [
"Blackmail"
]
| true | What does the U.S. believe caused the country Beatrice Heuser was born to help Japan? |
2hop__65202_712629 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth",
"paragraph_text": ". The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil. The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America. Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as \"the most beautiful dress I had so far made\".\nOn account of the austerity measures following the warThe wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth was worn by the future Queen Elizabeth II at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey. Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons. The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell. Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed \"working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks\". The dress was made of soft Damascus Prokar, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "British Virgin Islands",
"paragraph_text": "Virgin Islands Flag Coat of arms Motto: ``Vigilate ''(Latin)`` Be Vigilant'' Anthem: ``God Save the Queen ''Territorial song:`` Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands'' Location of British Virgin Islands (circled in red) Status British Overseas Territory Capital and largest city Road Town 18 ° 25.883 ′ N 64 ° 37.383 ′ W / 18.431383 ° N 64.623050 ° W / 18.431383; - 64.623050 Official languages English Ethnic groups 76.5% Black 7% White 5% Hispanic 5% Multiracial 2% East Indian 4.5% Other Demonym Virgin Islander Government Parliamentary dependency under constitutional monarchy Monarch Elizabeth II Governor Augustus Jaspert Deputy Governor V. Inez Archibald Premier Orlando Smith Responsible Minister (UK) Tariq Ahmad, Baron Ahmad of Wimbledon Legislature House of Assembly Established as a dependency of the United Kingdom Separate 1960 Autonomy 1967 Area Total 153 km (59 sq mi) Water (%) 1.6 Population 2010 census 28,054 (212th) Density 260 / km (673.4 / sq mi) (68th) GDP (PPP) estimate Total $853.4 million Per capita $43,366 Currency United States dollar (USD) Time zone AST (UTC - 4) Drives on the left Calling code + 1 - 284 ISO 3166 code VG Internet TLD. vg Source for all ethnic groups including labels: 2010 Census of Population For the Overseas Territories.Virgin Islands Flag Coat of arms Motto: ``Vigilate ''(Latin)`` Be Vigilant'' Anthem: ``God Save the Queen ''Territorial song:`` Oh, Beautiful Virgin Islands'' Location of British Virgin Islands (circled in red) Status British Overseas Territory Capital and largest city Road Town 18 ° 25.883 �� N 64 ° 37.383 �� W / 18.431383 ° N 64.623050 ° W / 18.431383; - 64.623050 Official languages English Ethnic groups 76.5% Black 7% White 5% Hispanic 5% Multiracial 2% East Indian 4.5% Other Demonym Virgin Islander Government Parliamentary dependency under constitutional monarchy Monarch Elizabeth II Governor Augustus Jaspert Deputy Governor V. Inez Archibald Premier Orlando Smith Responsible Minister (UK) Tariq Ahmad, Baron Ahmad of Wimbledon Legislature House of Assembly Established as a dependency of the United Kingdom Separate 1960 Autonomy 1967 Area Total 153 km (59 sq mi) Water (%) 1.6 Population 2010 census 28,054 (212th) Density 260 / km (673.4 / sq mi) (68th) GDP (PPP) estimate Total $853.4 million Per capita $43,366 Currency United States dollar (USD) Time zone AST (UTC - 4) Drives on the left Calling code + 1 - 284 ISO 3166 code VG Internet TLD. vg Source for all ethnic groups including labels: 2010 Census of Population For the Overseas Territories.The British Virgin Islands (BVI), officially the Virgin Islands, are a British Overseas Territory in the Caribbean, to the east of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands and north-west of Anguilla. The islands are geographically part of the Virgin Islands archipelago and are located in the Leeward Islands of the Lesser Antilles and part of the West Indies.\nThe British Virgin Islands consist of the main islands of Tortola, Virgin Gorda, Anegada and Jost Van Dyke, along with more than 50 other smaller islands and cays. About 16 of the islands are inhabited. The capital, Road Town, is on Tortola, the largest island, which is about 20 km (12 mi) long and 5 km (3 mi) wide. The islands had a population of 28,054 at the 2010 Census, of whom 23,491 lived on Tortola; current estimates put the population at 35,802 (July 2018).\nBritish Virgin Islanders are British Overseas Territories citizens and since 2002, are also British citizens.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe islands were named \"Santa ��rsula y las Once Mil Vírgenes\" by Christopher Columbus in 1493 after the legend of Saint Ursula and the 11,000 virgins. The name was later shortened to \"the Virgin Islands\".\nThe official name of the territory is still simply the \"Virgin Islands\", but the prefix \"British\" is often used. This is commonly believed to distinguish it from the neighbouring American territory which changed its name from the \"Danish West Indies\" to \"Virgin Islands of the United States\" in 1917. However, local historians have disputed this, pointing to a variety of publications and public records dating from between 21 February 1857 and 12 September 1919 where the territory is referred to as the British Virgin Islands. British Virgin Islands government publications continue to begin with the name \"The territory of the Virgin Islands\", and the territory's passports simply refer to the \"Virgin Islands\", and all laws begin with the words \"Virgin Islands\". Moreover, the territory's Constitutional Commission has expressed the view that \"every effort should be made\" to encourage the use of the name \"Virgin Islands\". But various public and quasi-public bodies continue to use the name \"British Virgin Islands\" or \"BVI\", including BVI Finance, BVI Electricity Corporation, BVI Tourist Board, BVI Athletic Association, BVI Bar Association and others.\nIn 1968 the British Government issued a memorandum requiring that the postage stamps in the territory should say \"British Virgin Islands\" (whereas previously they had simply stated \"Virgin Islands\"), a practice which is still followed today. This was likely to prevent confusion following on from the adoption of US currency in the territory in 1959, and the references to US currency on the stamps of the territory.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIt is generally thought that the Virgin Islands were first settled by the Arawak from South America around 100 BC to AD 200, though there is some evidence of Amerindian presence on the islands as far back as 1500 BC. The Arawaks inhabited the islands until the 15th century when they were displaced by the more aggressive Kalinago (Island Caribs), a tribe from the Lesser Antilles islands.\nThe first European sighting of the Virgin Islands was by the Spanish expedition of Christopher Columbus in 1493 on his second voyage to the Americas, who gave the islands their modern name.\nThe Spanish Empire claimed the islands by discovery in the early 16th century, but never settled them, and subsequent years saw the English, Dutch, French, Spanish, and Danish all jostling for control of the region, which became a notorious haunt for pirates. There is no record of any native Amerindian population in the British Virgin Islands during this period; it is thought that they either fled to safer islands or were killed.\nThe Dutch established a permanent settlement on the island of Tortola by 1648, frequently clashing with the Spanish who were based on nearby Puerto Rico. In 1672, the English captured Tortola from the Dutch, and the English annexation of Anegada and Virgin Gorda followed in 1680. Meanwhile, over the period 1672–1733, the Danish gained control of the nearby islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John and Saint Croix (i.e. the modern US Virgin Islands).\n\nThe British islands were considered principally a strategic possession. The British introduced sugar cane which was to become the main crop and source of foreign trade, and large numbers of slaves were forcibly brought from Africa to work on the sugar cane plantations. The islands prospered economically until the middle of the nineteenth century, when a combination of the abolition of slavery in the British Empire in 1834, a series of disastrous hurricanes, and the growth in the sugar beet crop in Europe and the United States significantly reduced sugar cane production and led to a period of economic decline.\nIn 1917, the United States purchased the Danish Virgin Islands for US$25 million, renaming them the United States Virgin Islands. Economic linkages with the US islands prompted the British Virgin Islands to adopt the US dollar as its currency in 1959.\nThe British Virgin Islands were administered variously as part of the British Leeward Islands or with St. Kitts and Nevis, with an administrator representing the British Government on the islands. The islands gained separate colony status in 1960 and became autonomous in 1967 under the new post of Chief Minister. Since the 1960s, the islands have diversified away from their traditionally agriculture-based economy towards tourism and financial services",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is married to the person who owns the British Virgin Islands? | [
{
"id": 65202,
"question": "who does the british virgin islands belong to",
"answer": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 712629,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Philip Mountbatten",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| Philip Mountbatten | []
| true | Who is the spouse of the owner of the British Virgin Islands? |
4hop3__312119_132409_371500_35031 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (201Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Getting Away with Murder (song)",
"paragraph_text": " bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory. The song is also the former theme song for \"WWE Tough Enough\". It was featured in the 2004 video game \"\" It was also featured in the video game \"MX vs. ATV Unleashed\" in 2005. A \"clean\" remix of the song called \"Getting Away With...\"Getting Away with Murder\" is the first single from the band Papa Roach's third album, \"Getting Away with Murder\". The song shows the band's new sound, the sound of the song is hard rock instead of their previous nu metal sound. The song also features no rapping at all, something that was used in Papa Roach's previous singles. The video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a Stock Exchange Hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as \"stocks and bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory. The song is also the former theme song for \"WWE Tough Enough\". It was featured in the 2004 video game \"\" It was also featured in the video game \"MX vs. ATV Unleashed\" in 2005. A \"clean\" remix of the song called \"Getting Away With... (Gran Turismo 4 Vrenna/Walsh Remix)\" was featured in \"Gran Turismo 4\"; it was a bit faster, had the heavily distorted guitars toned down, and had a backing whisper of the words \"getting away\" instead of \"..with murder\".",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 14,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Veoh",
"paragraph_text": "Veoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso. is also available as an app on selected smart TVs, digital video recorders, digital media players and streaming television services. The service once offered a consumer mobile and tablet app; however this was shut down in May 2018 to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMGVeoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso.Vevo LLC ( VEE-voh, an abbreviation for \"Video Evolution\", stylized in all caps until 2013) is an American multinational video hosting service, best known for providing music videos to YouTube. The service is also available as an app on selected smart TVs, digital video recorders, digital media players and streaming television services. The service once offered a consumer mobile and tablet app; however this was shut down in May 2018 to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMG was completed on August 2, 2016, making again the entirety of the \"big three\" record companies' music available on Vevo.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe concept for Vevo was described as being a streaming service for music videos (similar to the Hulu streaming service for movies and TV shows after they air), with the goal being to attract more high-end advertisers. The site's other revenue sources include a merchandise store and referral links to purchase viewed songs on Amazon Music and iTunes. UMG acquired the domain name vevo.com on November 20, 2008. SME reached a deal to add its content to the site in June 2009. The site went live on December 8, 2009, and later that same month became the number one most visited music site in the United States, overtaking Myspace Music. Upon Vevo's launch, many YouTube videos added by Vevo over the course of the year had their views inflated. In early 2013, these views were subtracted from various Vevo channels, most notably Lady Gaga's Vevo channel. The affected videos include the \"Just Dance\" video, which lost more than half of its existing views. Other affected videos include \"Heartless\" and \"Toxic\", whose graphs showed similar traces of inflation.\nIn June 2012, Vevo launched its Certified awards, which honors artists with at least 100 million video views on Vevo and its partners (including YouTube) through special features on the",
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| In relation to the five biggest metropolitan regions in the state where the 'Getting Away with Murder' actor hails, where does the city that hosts the headquarters of Veoh stand? | [
{
"id": 312119,
"question": "Getting Away with Murder >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 371500,
"question": "Veoh >> headquarters location",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| third-largest | []
| true | Among the top five largest urban areas in the state where Getting Away with Murder's performer was formed, where does Veoh's headquarters city rank? |
2hop__104095_40502 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": " resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society.\nThe remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. By theIn the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.The Huguenots ( HEW-gə-nots, UK also -��nohz, French: [y��(ə)no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, which may be derived fromAfter the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, the Dutch Republic received the largest group of Huguenot refugees, an estimated total of 75,000 to 100,000 people. Amongst them were 200 clergy. Many came from the region of the Cévennes, for instance, the village of Fraissinet-de-Lozère. This was a huge influx as the entire population of the Dutch Republic amounted to ca. 2 million at that time. Around 1700, it is estimated that nearly 25% of the Amsterdam population was Huguenot.[citation needed] In 1705, Amsterdam and the area of West Frisia were the first areas to provide full citizens rights to Huguenot immigrants, followed by the Dutch Republic in 1715. Huguenots intermarried with Dutch from the outset. to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685.\nThe Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Condé. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.\nHuguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued the Edict of Fontainebleau (1685). This ended legal recognition of Protestantism in France and the Huguenots were forced to either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "Clara Peeters",
"paragraph_text": "Peeters has painted her own portrait reflected in the cover of the \"bartmann\" jug behind the cheese. She thus followed the example of Jan van Eyck, who painted his self-portrait in the mirror in his 1434 Arnolfini Portrait. Peeters made a total of seven self-portraits, including this one.\n\n\n== Provenance ==\nThe early history of the painting is not known. It was held in a private collection in France from 1920 until it was auctioned at Drouot-Richelieu in Paris in 1998. It was bought by the Richard Green Gallery, and sold to a US private collector in 2000. The painting was acquired by the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague in June 2012. The sale was made possible by the support of the Vereniging Rembrandt (and its A.M. Roeters van Lennep Fonds, Utrechtse Rembrandt Cirkel and the Caius Fonds).\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nIn a specialClara Peeters (fl. 1607–1621) was a still-life painter who came from Antwerp and trained in the tradition of Flemish Baroque painting, but probably made her career mostly in the new Dutch Republic, as part of Dutch Golden Age painting. Many aspects of her life and work remain very unclear, especially outside the period 1607 to 1621 from which period dated paintings are known. As Seymour Slive puts it \"Not a single uncontested document has surfaced about her life but there is reason to believe she was active in both Flanders and Holland.\"Clara Peeters (fl. 1607–1621) was a still-life painter who came from Antwerp and trained in the tradition of Flemish Baroque painting, but probably made her career mostly in the new Dutch Republic, as part of Dutch Golden Age painting. Many aspects of her life and work remain very unclear, especially outside the period 1607 to 1621 from which period dated paintings are known. As Seymour Slive puts it \"Not a single uncontested document has surfaced about her life but there is reason to believe she was active in both Flanders and Holland.\" ==\n\nClara Peeters specialised in still lifes with beautiful objects, delicious fruits and expensive food. This type of still life is called \"banketje\" (banquet) in Dutch. The symbolism of these paintings is not fully known.\nIn this painting, in addition to the objects named in the title, there are also curls of butter, figs and a bread roll. In the background is a gold-plated Venetian glass. The almonds and figs are lying in a dish of Chinese Wanli porcelain. Peeters often used the objects in this painting in her still lifes.\nPeeters has painted her own portrait reflected in the cover of the \"bartmann\" jug behind the cheese. She thus followed the example of Jan van Eyck, who painted his self-portrait in the mirror in his 1434 Arnolfini Portrait. Peeters made a total of seven self-portraits, including this one.\n\n\n== Provenance ==\nThe early history of the painting is not known. It was held in a private collection in France from 1920 until it was auctioned at Drouot-Richelieu in Paris in 1998. It was bought by the Richard Green Gallery, and sold to a US private collector in 2000. The painting was acquired by the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague in June 2012. The sale was made possible by the support of the Vereniging Rembrandt (and its A.M. Roeters van Lennep Fonds, Utrechtse Rembrandt Cirkel and the Caius Fonds).\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nIn a specialClara Peeters (fl. 1607–1621) was a still-life painter who came from Antwerp and trained in the tradition of Flemish Baroque painting, but probably made her career mostly in the new Dutch Republic, as part of Dutch Golden Age painting. Many aspects of her life and work remain very unclear, especially outside the period 1607 to 1621 from which period dated paintings are known. As Seymour Slive puts it \"Not a single uncontested document has surfaced about her life but there is reason to believe she was active in both Flanders and Holland.\"Still Life with Cheeses, Almonds and Pretzels (Dutch: Stilleven met kazen, amandelen en krakelingen) is a painting by the Flemish artist Clara Peeters, c.��1615. It is a still life, painted in oils on a wooden panel, measuring 34.5",
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}
]
| What was the population count in Clara Peeters's home nation prior to her migration? | [
{
"id": 104095,
"question": "Which country is Clara Peeters a citizen of?",
"answer": "Dutch Republic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 40502,
"question": "What was the population of #1 before this emigration?",
"answer": "2 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
]
| 2 million | []
| true | Before this emigration what was the population of Clara Peeters's country of citizenship? |
2hop__445963_6098 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_text": " rendezvous point for homebound voyages from Asia. English privateer Francis Drake very probably located the island on the final lap of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once St Helena's location was more widely known,Although the importation of slaves to St Helena had been banned in 1792, the phased emancipation of over 800 resident slaves did not take place until 1827, which was still some six years before the British Parliament passed legislation to ban slavery in the colonies. Saint Helena uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island became crucially important for the collection of food and as a rendezvous point for homebound voyages from Asia. English privateer Francis Drake very probably located the island on the final lap of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once St Helena's location was more widely known, English warships began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese carracks on their way home from India. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. They made a formal claim to it in 1633 but did not settle the isle, and by 1651 largely abandoned it in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope.\n\n\n=== English colonisation ===\n\nIn 1657, the English East India Company was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena by Oliver Cromwell, and the following year the Company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, and it is from this date that St Helena claims to be Britain's second oldest remaining colony, after Bermuda. A fort was completed and a number of houses were built. After the Restoration of the British monarchy in 1660, the EastSaint Helena (/��se��nt hə��li��nə/ SAYNT-hə-LEE-nə) is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa. It is part of the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha. Saint Helena measures about 16 by 8 kilometres (10 by 5 mi) and has a population of 4,255 (2008 census). It was named after Saint Helena of Constantinople.Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic and consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha (including Gough Island). Its name was Saint Helena and Dependencies until 1 September 2009, when a new constitution came into force, giving the three islands equal status as three territories, with a grouping under the Crown.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nOf volcanic origin, the islands of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and Tristan da Cunha were all formerly separate colonies of the English crown, though separately discovered by several Portuguese explorers between 1502 and 1504.\n\n\n=== Portuguese discovery ===\nThe Portuguese found Saint Helena uninhabited, with an abundance of trees and fresh water. They imported livestock, fruit trees and vegetables, and built a chapel and one or two houses. Though they formed no permanent settlement, the island became crucially important for the collection of food and as a rendezvous point for homebound voyages from Asia. English privateer Francis Drake very probably located the island on the final lap of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once St Helena's location was more widely known, English warships began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese carracks on their way home from India. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. They made a formal claim to it in 1633 but did not settle the isle, and by 1651 largely abandoned it in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope.\n\n\n=== English colonisation ===\n\nIn 1657, the English East India Company was granted a charter to govern Saint Helena by Oliver Cromwell, and the following year the Company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, and it is from this date that St Helena claims to be Britain's second oldest remaining colony, after Bermuda. A fort was completed and a number of houses were built. After the Restoration of the British monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a Royal Charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colon",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Francis Watson (cricketer)",
"paragraph_text": " Zealand's North Island. In the match, against Wellington at the Basin Reserve in December 1879, Watson batted third in the West Coast first innings, scoring six runs. Although his team eventually the match by six wickets, he did not bat a second time.\nIn retirement, Watson settled in Te Puke, in the Bay of Plenty, dying there in October 1930. His older brother, George Watson, was also a cricketer, and played several matches for Canterbury.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancis Watson profile and statistics at CricketArchiveFrancis Edward Watson (9 August 1860 – 27 October 1930) was a New Zealand cricketer and schoolteacher.\nThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.\nHe played only a single match at first-class level, representing a combined \"West Coast\" team, which consisted of players from the western regions of New Zealand's North Island. In the match, against Wellington at the Basin Reserve in December 1879, Watson batted third in the West Coast first innings, scoring six runs. Although his team eventually the match by six wickets, he did not bat a second time.\nIn retirement, Watson settled in Te Puke, in the Bay of Plenty, dying there in October 1930. His older brother, George Watson, was also a cricketer, and played several matches for Canterbury.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancis Watson profile and statistics at CricketArchiveFrancis Edward Watson (9 August 1860 – 27 October 1930) was a New Zealand cricketer and schoolteacher.\nThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.\nHe played only a single match at first-class level, representing a combined \"West Coast\" team, which consisted of players from the western regions of New Zealand's North Island. In the match, against Wellington at the Basin Reserve in December 1879, Watson batted third in the West Coast first innings, scoring six runs. Although his team eventually the match by six wickets, he did not bat a second time.\nIn retirement, Watson settled in Te Puke, in the Bay of Plenty, dying there in October 1930. His older brother, George Watson, was also a cricketer, and played several matches for Canterbury.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancis Watson profile and statistics at CricketArchiveFrancis Edward Watson (9 August 1860 – 27 October 1930) was a New Zealand cricketer and schoolteacher.\nThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.\nHe played only a single match at first-class level, representing a combined \"West Coast\" team, which consisted of players from the western regions of New Zealand's North Island. In the match, against Wellington at the Basin Reserve in December 1879, Watson batted third in the West Coast first innings, scoring six runs. Although his team eventually the match by six wickets, he did not bat a second time.\nIn retirement, Watson settled in Te Puke, in the Bay of Plenty, dying there in October 1930. His older brother, George Watson, was also a cricketer, and played several matches for Canterbury.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancis Watson profile and statistics at CricketArchiveFrancis Edward Watson (9 August 1860 – 27 October 1930) was a New Zealand cricketer and schoolteacher.\nThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at SaintThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.FThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North. Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.\nHe played only a single match at first-class level, representing a combined \"West Coast\" team, which consisted of players from the western regions of New Zealand's North Island. In the match, against Wellington at the Basin Reserve in December 1879, Watson batted third in the West Coast first innings, scoring six runs. Although his team eventually the match by six wickets, he did not bat a second time.\nIn retirement, Watson settled in Te Puke, in the Bay of Plenty, dying there in October 1930. His older brother, George Watson, was also a cricketer, and played several matches for Canterbury.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFrancis Watson profile and statistics at CricketArchiveFrancis Edward Watson (9 August 1860 – 27 October 1930) was a New Zealand cricketer and schoolteacher.\nThe son of a clergyman, Watson was born on a ship in the bay at Saint Helena. He grew up in India before his family moved to Tasmania. He moved to New Zealand, where he worked as a schoolteacher, becoming headmaster of the Campbell Street School in Palmerston North.\nHe played only a single match at first-class level, representing a combined \"West Coast\" team, which consisted of players from the western regions of New Zealand's North Island. In the match, against Wellington at the Basin Reserve in December 1879, Watson batted third in the West Coast first innings, scoring six runs. Although his team eventually the match by six wickets, he did not bat a second time.\nIn retirement, Watson settled in Te Puke, in the Bay of Plenty, dying there in October 1930. His older",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What was the total number of slaves that attained freedom at the location where Francis Watson was born? | [
{
"id": 445963,
"question": "Francis Watson >> place of birth",
"answer": "Saint Helena",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 6098,
"question": "Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on #1 ?",
"answer": "800",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| 800 | []
| true | Over how many slaves ended up getting emancipated on the birth place of Francis Watson? |
2hop__37656_160040 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Criticism of Christianity",
"paragraph_text": " criticism: an analysis of the Bible, concentrating on how religious traditions grew and changed over the time span during which the text was written.\nHigher criticism: the study of the sources and literary methods employed by the biblical authors.\nLower criticism: the discipline and study of the actual wording of the Bible; a quest for textual purity and understanding.\n\n\n==== Textual criticism ====\n\nWithin the abundance of biblical manuscripts exist a number of textual variants. The vast majority of these textual variants are the inconsequential misspelling of words, word order variations and the mistranscription of abbreviations. Text critics such as Bart D. Ehrman have proposed that some of these textual variants and interpolations were theologically motivated. Ehrman's conclusions and textual variant choices have been challenged by some conservative evangelical reviewers, including Daniel B. Wallace, Craig Blomberg, and Thomas Howe.\nInThe 16th-century Jewish theologian Isaac ben Abraham, who lived in Trakai, Lithuania, penned a work called Chizzuk Emunah (Faith Strengthened) that attempted to refute the ideas that Jesus was the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament and that Christianity was the \"New Covenant\" of God. He systematically identified a number of inconsistencies in the New Testament, contradictions between the New Testament and the Old Testament, and Old Testament prophesies which remained unfulfilled in Jesus' lifetime. In addition, he questioned a number of Christian practices, such as Sunday Sabbath. Written originally for Jews to persuade them not to convert to Christianity, the work was eventually read by Christians. While the well-known Christian Hebraist Johann Christoph Wagenseil attempted an elaborate refutation of Abraham's arguments, Wagenseil's Latin translation of it only increased interest in the work and inspired later Christian freethinkers. Chizzuk Emunah was praised as a masterpiece by Voltaire.On the other hand, Blaise Pascal believed that \"[t]he prophecies are the strongest proof of Jesus Christ\". He wrote that Jesus was foretold, and that the prophecies came from a succession of people over a span of four thousand years. Apologist Josh McDowell defends the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy as supporting Christianity, arguing that prophecies fulfilled by Christ include ones relating to his ancestral line, birthplace, virgin birth, miracles, manner of death, and resurrection. He says that even the timing of the Messiah in years and in relation to events is predicted, and that the Jewish Talmud (not accepting Jesus as the Messiah, see also Rejection of Jesus) laments that the Messiah had not appeared despite the scepter being taken away from Judah.In modern times, Christianity has faced substantial criticism from a wide array of political movements and ideologies. In the late eighteenth century, the French Revolution saw a number of politicians and philosophers criticizing traditional Christian doctrines, precipitating a wave of secularism in which hundreds of churches were closed down and thousands of priests were deported or killed. Following the French Revolution, prominent philosophers of liberalism and communism, such as John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx, criticized Christian doctrine on the grounds that it was conservative and anti-democratic. Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Christianity fosters a kind of slave morality which suppresses the desires which are contained in the human will. The Russian Revolution, the Chinese Revolution, and several other modern revolutionary movements have also led to the criticism of Christian ideas. The contemporary LGBT movements have criticized Christianity for homophobia and transphobia.\nThe formal response of Christians to such criticisms is described as Christian apologetics. Philosophers like Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas have been some of the most prominent defenders of the Christian religion since its foundation.\n\n\n== Scripture ==\n\n\n=== Biblical criticism ===\n\nBiblical criticism, in particular higher criticism, covers a variety of methods which have been used since the Enlightenment in the early 18th century as scholars began to apply the same methods and perspectives which had already been applied to other literary and philosophical texts to biblical documents. It is an umbrella term which covers various techniques which are mainly used by mainline and liberal Christian theologians to study the meaning of biblical passages. It uses general historical principles, and it is primarily based on reason rather than revelation or faith. There are four primary types of biblical criticism:\n\nForm criticism: an analysis of literary documents, particularly the Bible, to discover earlier oral traditions (stories, legends, myths, etc.) upon which they were based.\nTradition criticism",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Protestantism",
"paragraph_text": " and John Knox. The political separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church under King Henry VIII began Anglicanism, bringing England and Wales into this broad Reformation movement, under the leadership of reformer Thomas Cranmer, whose work forged Anglican doctrine and identity.\nProtestantism is diverse, being divided into various denominations on the basis of theology and ecclesiology, not forming a single structure as with the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy or Oriental Orthodoxy. Protestants adhere to the concept of an invisible church, in contrast to the Catholic, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East, which all understand themselves as the one and only original church—the \"one true church\"—founded by Jesus Christ (though certain Protestant denominations, including historic Lutheranism, hold to this position). Some denominations do have a worldwide scope and distribution of church membership, while others are confined to a single country. A majority of Protestants are members of a handful of Protestant denominational families; Adventists, Anabaptists, AnglicAll Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The \"Five solae\" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day.ProAll Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The \"Five solae\" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day. reaction against abuses in the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church, which purported to offer the remission of the temporal punishment of sins to their purchasers. The term, however, derives from the letter of protestation from German Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict of the Diet of Speyer condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. In the 16th century, Lutheranism spread from Germany into Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, and Iceland. Calvinist churches spread in Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Scotland, Switzerland, France, Poland, and Lithuania by Protestant Reformers such as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli and John Knox. The political separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church under King Henry VIII began Anglicanism, bringing England and Wales into this broad Reformation movement, under the leadership of reformer Thomas Cranmer, whose work forged Anglican doctrine and identity.\nProtestantism is diverse, being divided into various denominations on the basis of theology and ecclesiology, not forming a single structure as with the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy or Oriental Orthodoxy. Protestants adhere to the concept of an invisible church, in contrast to the Catholic, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Ancient Church of the East, which all understand themselves as the one and only original church—the \"one true church\"—founded by Jesus Christ (though certain Protestant denominations, including historic Lutheranism, hold to this position). Some denominations do have a worldwide scope and distribution of church membership, while others are confined to a single country. A majority of Protestants are members of a handful of Protestant denominational families; Adventists, Anabaptists, AnglicAll Protestant denominations reject the notion of papal supremacy over the Church universal and generally deny the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, but they disagree among themselves regarding the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The various denominations generally emphasize the priesthood of all believers, the doctrine of justification by faith alone (sola fide) rather than by or with good works, and a belief in the Bible alone (rather than with Catholic tradition) as the highest authority in matters of faith and morals (sola scriptura). The \"Five solae\" summarize the reformers' basic differences in theological beliefs in opposition to the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church of the day.Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice. The five solae summarize the basic theological beliefs of mainstream Protestantism. \nProtestants follow the theological tenets of the Protestant Reformation, a movement that began in the 16th century with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church from perceived errors, abuses, and discrepancies. The Reformation began in the Holy Roman Empire in 1517, when Martin Luther published his Ninety-five Theses as a reaction against abuses in the sale of indulgences by the Catholic Church, which purported to offer the remission of the temporal punishment of sins to their purchasers. The term, however, derives from the letter of protestation from German Lutheran princes in 1529 against an edict of the Diet of Speyer condemning the teachings of Martin Luther as heretical. In the 16th century, Lutheranism spread from Germany into Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Latvia, Estonia, and Iceland. Calvinist churches spread in Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, Scotland, Switzerland, France, Poland, and Lithuania by Protestant Reformers such as John Calvin, Huldrych Zwingli and John Knox. The political separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church under King Henry VIII began Anglicanism, bringing England and Wales into this broad Reformation movement, under the leadership of reformer",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is the man advocating for these matters at the supreme level of moral authority in Protestantism? | [
{
"id": 37656,
"question": "What is the highest authority in Protestantism for morals?",
"answer": "the Bible",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 160040,
"question": "Who is the guy defending this stuff from the #1 ?",
"answer": "Josh McDowell",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| Josh McDowell | []
| true | Who is the guy defending this stuff from the highest authority in Protestantism for morals? |
2hop__200391_44187 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Cast Away",
"paragraph_text": "Several FedEx packages from the crashed plane also wash up on the shore, as well as the corpse of one of the pilots, which he buries. He initially tries to signal for rescue and makes an escape attempt with the remnants of his life raft, but can not pass the powerful surf and the coral reefs surrounding the island. He searches for food, water, and shelter, and opens the packages, finding a number of useful items. He leaves one package, which has a pair of angel wings stenciled on it, unopened. During a first attempt to make fire, Chuck receives a deep wound to his hand. In anger and pain, he throws several objects, including a Wilson volleyball from one of the packages. A short time later, he draws a face in the bloody hand print on the ball, names it Wilson, and begins talking to it. One night, Chuck calculates that in order for the rescue workers to find the site of the plane crash, they will have to search an area twice the size of Texas, making him doubtful he will ever be found.Several FedEx packages from the crashed plane also wash up on the shore, as well as the corpse of one of the pilots, which he buries. He initially tries to signal for rescue and makes an escape attempt with the remnants of his life raft, but can not pass the powerful surf and the coral reefs surrounding the island. He searches for food, water, and shelter, and opens the packages, finding a number of useful items. He leaves one package, which has a pair of angel wings stenciled on it, unopened. During a first attempt to make fire, Chuck receives a deep wound to his hand. In anger and pain, he throws several objects, including a Wilson volleyball from one of the packages. A short time later, he draws a face in the bloody hand print on the ball, names it Wilson, and begins talking to it. One night, Chuck calculates that in order for the rescue workers to find the site of the plane crash, they will have to search an area twice the size of Texas, making him doubtful he will ever be found.Home and Away is an Australian television soap opera that has been broadcast on Channel Seven since 1988. This list documents the current cast of actors and characters, both regular and recurring, as well as debuting, returning and departing cast members. It is organised in order of the character's first on-screen appearance. If a character has been portrayed by different actors, the most recent portrayer is listed first. It is followed by an alphabetical list of all former characters that have been credited as regulars, with the actors who played them. The durations indicate that the character made at least one appearance in every year in that period, not necessarily that they were a main character throughout.\n\n\n== Present characters ==\n\n\n=== Regular characters ===\n\n\n=== Recurring and guest characters ===\n\n\n== Cast changes ==\n\n\n=== Upcoming and returning characters ===\n\n\n== Former characters ==\n\n\n=== A ===\n\n\n=== B ===\n\n\n=== C ===\n\n\n=== D ===\n\n\n=== F ===\n\n\n=== G ===\n\n\n=== H ===\n\n\n=== J ===\n\n\n=== K ===\n\n\n=== L ===\n\n\n=== M ===\n\n\n=== N ===\n\n\n=== O ===\n\n\n=== P ===\n\n\n=== R ===\n\n\n=== S ===\n\n\n=== T ===\n\n\n=== V ===\n\n\n=== W ===\n\n\n== References ==\n\nOram, James (1989). Home and away: Behind the Scenes. Angus & Robertson. ISBN 0-2071-6315-4.\n\n\n== External links ==\nCast and characters at the official Home and Away website\nCast and characters at Internet Movie DatabaseHome and Away is an Australian television soap opera that has been broadcast on Channel Seven since 1988. This list documents the current cast of actors and characters, both",
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Vance Page",
"paragraph_text": " 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938. During Game 4 on October 9, 1938, Page came in as a reliever, going 1.1 innings, and giving up 2 runs. It was his first and only World Series appearance.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or RetrosheetVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Major League Debut ===\nBefore making his debut, the Washington Senators traded Page to the Chicago Cubs on July 30, 1938, for Bob Logan, and cash.\nOn August 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938. During Game 4 on October 9, 1938, Page came in as a reliever, going 1.1 innings, and giving up 2 runs. It was his first and only World Series appearance.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or RetrosheetVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n==Vance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 in Elm City, North Carolina – July 14, 1951 in Wilson, North Carolina), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.VVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 in Elm City, North Carolina – July 14, 1951 in Wilson, North Carolina), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs. injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Major League Debut ===\nBefore making his debut, the Washington Senators traded Page to the Chicago Cubs on July 30, 1938, for Bob Logan, and cash.\nOn August 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938. During Game 4 on October 9, 1938, Page came in as a reliever, going 1.1 innings, and giving up 2 runs. It was his first and only World Series appearance.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or RetrosheetVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Major League Debut ===\nBefore making his debut, the Washington Senators traded Page to the Chicago Cubs on July 30, 1938, for Bob Logan, and cash.\nOn August 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938. During Game 4 on October 9, 1938, Page came in as a reliever, going 1.1 innings, and giving up 2 runs. It was his first and only World Series appearance.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or RetrosheetVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n==Vance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 in Elm City, North Carolina – July 14, 1951 in Wilson, North Carolina), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.Vance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Major League Debut ===\nBefore making his debut, the Washington Senators traded Page to the Chicago Cubs on July 30, 1938, for Bob Logan, and cash.\nOn August 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938. During Game 4 on October 9, 1938, Page came in as a reliever, going 1.1 innings, and giving up 2 runs. It was his first and only World Series appearance.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or RetrosheetVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Major League Debut ===\nBefore making his debut, the Washington Senators traded Page to the Chicago Cubs on July 30, 1938, for Bob Logan, and cash.\nOn August 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938. During Game 4 on October 9, 1938, Page came in as a reliever, going 1.1 innings, and giving up 2 runs. It was his first and only World Series appearance.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nCareer statistics and player information from MLB, or Baseball Reference, or Baseball Reference (Minors), or RetrosheetVance Linwood Page (September 15, 1905 – July 14, 1951), was a professional baseball player who played pitcher in the Major Leagues from 1938 to 1941. He played for the Chicago Cubs.\nBorn in Elm City, North Carolina, Page died from injuries he received when he fell off the roof of a barn in Wilson, North Carolina.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\n\n\n=== Major League Debut ===\nBefore making his debut, the Washington Senators traded Page to the Chicago Cubs on July 30, 1938, for Bob Logan, and cash.\nOn August 6, 1938, Vance Page made his MLB debut with the Chicago Cubs, playing the Boston Bees. Over 8 innings pitched, he gave up 11 hits, and 1 run, earning the loss.\n\n\n=== World Series ===\nVance Page was part on the Cubs' World Series roster in 1938",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the item named after the location where Vance Page died in the film Castaway starring Tom Hanks? | [
{
"id": 200391,
"question": "Vance Page >> place of death",
"answer": "Wilson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 44187,
"question": "what is #1 in the tom hanks movie castaway",
"answer": "a Wilson volleyball",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| a Wilson volleyball | []
| true | In the Tom Hanks movie Castaway, what is the object with the same name as Vance Page's place of death? |
3hop1__243276_42197_18397 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Imperialism",
"paragraph_text": "rotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism asTrotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.TTrotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the \"thaw\", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Korean War",
"paragraph_text": " People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene inOn 27 June 1950, two days after the KPA invaded and three months before the Chinese entered the war, President Truman dispatched the United States Seventh Fleet to the Taiwan Strait, to prevent hostilities between the Nationalist Republic of China (Taiwan) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). On 4 August 1950, with the PRC invasion of Taiwan aborted, Mao Zedong reported to the Politburo that he would intervene in Korea when the People's Liberation Army's (PLA) Taiwan invasion force was reorganized into the PLA North East Frontier Force. China justified its entry into the war as a response to \"American aggression in the guise of the UN\".",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Norair Sisakian",
"paragraph_text": "He was a Member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences, the Vice-President of the International Academy of Astronautics, the Chairman of the Committee on Bioastronautics of the International Astronautics Federation. State Prize of the USSR in 1952. In 1964 he was unanimously elected as a President of the 21st session of the UNESCO General Conference.He was a Member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences, the Vice-President of the International Academy of Astronautics, the Chairman of the Committee on Bioastronautics of the International Astronautics Federation. State Prize of the USSR in 1952. In 1964 he was unanimously elected as a President of the 21st session of the UNESCO General Conference.Norair Martirosovich Sisakian (Sissakian) (Armenian: ������������ ������������������ ����������������; Russian: Норайр Мартиросович Сисакян, 12 January 1907 – 12 March 1966) was a Soviet biologist of Armenian origin who worked as an engineer in the Soviet space program, working mainly on biomechanics effects. Sisakian is also one of the founders of space biology, an outstanding organizer of science, a member of the Pugwash movement.\nHe was a Member of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, a member of the Armenian Academy of Sciences, the Vice-President of the International Academy of Astronautics, the Chairman of the Committee on Bioastronautics of the International Astronautics Federation. State Prize of the USSR in 1952. In 1964 he was unanimously elected as a President of the 21st session of the UNESCO General Conference.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nSisakian finished the Yerevan State University and then the Moscow Agricultural Academy in 1932. From 1935 he worked in the Moscow Institute of biochemics after A. N. Bach. Professor of the Moscow State University. During his life Sisakian created fourteen laboratories and the Puschin center of the Russian Academy of Sciences.\nHe is well known for his concept on chloroplasts as poly-functional cell structures. He greatly contributed to the Soviet space program.\nA crater on the Far side of the Moon was named in his honor. In 2001 the \"Academician Norair Martirosovich Sissakian\" book was released by the Russian publishing house \"Nauka\". A school and a prospect in Yerevan are named after him. A museum of Sisakian was opened in his hometown Ashtarak, Armenia.\nIn 2007 Sisakian's name was added to the List of notable dates of UNESCO.\nHis son, Alexei Sisakian (1944–2010), was a well-known physicist, academic of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Armenian Academy of Sciences, the Vice-president of \"Dubna\" International University, director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia.\n\n\n== Books ==\n(in Russian) Norair Mart",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where did the individual, who stated that Norair Sisakian's nation had turned into an imperialist force, proclaim his intervention in the Korean dispute? | [
{
"id": 243276,
"question": "Norair Sisakian >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 42197,
"question": "Who argued that the #1 had itself become an imperialist power?",
"answer": "Mao Zedong",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 18397,
"question": "Where did #2 declare that he would intervene in the Korean conflict?",
"answer": "the Politburo",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| the Politburo | [
"Politburo"
]
| true | Where did the arguer that Norair Sisakian's country of citizenship had itself become an imperialist power declare he would intervene in the Korean conflict? |
4hop3__220945_88460_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Nam Theun",
"paragraph_text": " likely to be the first real possibility for (Laos) to reduce gradually its dependence on Official Development Assistance\".\nThe project has significant environmental and social impacts, and comprehensive measures have been designed to mitigate these.Nam Theun, also known as Khading, is a river in Laos, in Khammouane and Bolikhamsai Provinces. Together with its tributaries Nam One, Nam Noy, and Nam Theun it has total length of and drains an area of . \"Nam Theun\" is also three options for large dams on the same river, called Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 1-2 and Nam Theun 2. Nam Theun 2, which was considered the most economic of the three options, is in operation.TheNam Theun, also known as Khading, is a river in Laos, in Khammouane and Bolikhamsai Provinces. Together with its tributaries Nam One, Nam Noy, and Nam Theun it has total length of and drains an area of . \"Nam Theun\" is also three options for large dams on the same river, called Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 1-2 and Nam Theun 2. Nam Theun 2, which was considered the most economic of the three options, is in operation., exporting power to Thailand as well as supplying the local area with electricity. At the time of signing in 2005, NT2 was the largest foreign investment in Laos, the world's largest private sector cross-border power project financing, the largest private sector hydroelectric project financing, and one of the largest internationally financed IPP projects in Southeast Asia. The dam also marked a return by the World Bank to funding large-scale infrastructure, after a decade-long hiatus.\nAccording to the government of Laos, \"the project is an essential part of the country's development framework and the project's implementation is likely to be the first real possibility for (Laos) to reduce gradually its dependence on Official Development Assistance\".\nThe project has significant environmental and social impacts, and comprehensive measures have been designed to mitigate these.Nam Theun, also known as Khading, is a river in Laos, in Khammouane and Bolikhamsai Provinces. Together with its tributaries Nam One, Nam Noy, and Nam Theun it has total length of and drains an area of . \"Nam Theun\" is also three options for large dams on the same river, called Nam Theun 1, Nam Theun 1-2 and Nam Theun 2. Nam Theun 2, which was considered the most economic of the three options, is in operation.The Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project, or simply NT2, is a hydroelectric dam on the Nam Theun River in Laos. Commercial operation of the plant began in April 2010. The scheme diverts water from the Nam Theun, a tributary of the Mekong River, to the Xe Bang Fai River, enabling a generation capacity of 1,075 MW, from a 350 m (1,148 ft) difference in elevation between the reservoir and the power station.\nIt is the largest hydroelectric project so far in Laos,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Geography of Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong HillMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk RevolutionThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followedThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| How were the individuals, from whom the Ajuran Empire in Somalia asserted its sovereignty, driven out from the natural border that separates Thailand and the nation housing Nam Theun? | [
{
"id": 220945,
"question": "Nam Theun >> country",
"answer": "Laos",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 88460,
"question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | []
| true | How were the same people who the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire declared independence from expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and the country where Nam Theun is found? |
3hop1__747772_514761_594810 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Heart Like Mine",
"paragraph_text": " Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over half-a-million units in the country. The song also charted in Canada, peaking at number 69 on the Canadian Hot 100.\nThe accompanying music video for the song, directed by Justin Luffman, is an acoustic performance taken from Lambert's Revolution: Live by Candlelight DVD.\n\n\n== Content ==\n\"Heart Like Mine\" is an uptempo country in the key of A�� major song backed primarily by electric guitar, banjo, and steel guitar. The song's female narrator describes being a little rough around the edges (\"I ain’t the kind you take home to mama / I ain’t the kind to wear no ring\"). However she ignores the criticism of her family and peers, stating that Jesus would understand a \"heart like [hers].\"\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nThe song received positive reviews from music critics. C.M. Wilcox of The 9513 gave the song a thumbs up, referring to the single as a safe choice for radio, but favorably describing the lyrics as \"uniquely Miranda.\" Kyle Ward of Roughstock gave the song four-and-a-half stars out of five, complimenting its \"exceptionally strong melody\" that works well with the song's production. He concluded that the song is a \"catchy number [...] made for radio.\"\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe music video, directed by Justin Luffman, premiered on CMT on January 21, 2011. The video is an acoustic performance of the song, taken from Lambert's Revolution: Live by Candlelight DVD. It also features David Foster\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\"Heart Like Mine\" debuted at number 58 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week ending January 8, 2011. It also debuted at number 95 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart for the week of February 26, 2011, and at number 95 on the Canadian Hot 100 chart for the week of April 2, 2011. The song became Lambert's second Number One hit on the Hot Country Songs chart for the week dated May 28, 2011.\n\n\n=== Weekly charts ===\n\n\n=== Year-end charts ===\n\n\n=== Decade-end charts ===\n\n\n== Certifications ==\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Heart Like Mine\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in January 2011 as the fifth and final single from her 2009 album Revolution. Lambert co-wrote this song with Ashley Monroe and Travis Howard.\nThe song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its catchability and Lambert's lyrics. \"Heart Like Mine\" gave Lambert her second number one hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. It also charted on the Hot 100 at number 44. The song was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting sales of over half-a-million units in the country. The song also charted in Canada, peaking at number 69 on the Canadian Hot 100.\nThe accompanying music video for the song, directed by Justin\"Heart Like Mine\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in January 2011 as the fifth and final single from her 2009 album \"Revolution\". Lambert co-wrote this song with Ashley Monroe and Travis Howard.\"Heart Like\"Heart Like Mine\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Miranda Lambert. It was released in January 2011 as the fifth and final single from her 2009 album \"Revolution\". Lambert co-wrote this song with Ashley Monroe and Travis Howard. song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its catchability and Lambert's lyrics. \"Heart Like Mine\" gave Lambert her second number one hit on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. It also charted on the Hot 100",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Pure BS",
"paragraph_text": " Michael Bublé's hit single \"Home\" and two additional tracks which Shelton wrote. The cover featured backing vocals from Miranda Lambert, whom Shelton would later marry. It was issued as a single in early 200Pure BS is the fourth studio album by American country music artist Blake Shelton, released in 2007 on Warner Bros. Records Nashville. It produced the singles \"Don't Make Me\" and \"The More I Drink\". The album was re-released in 2008 with three bonus tracks, one of which — a cover of Michael Bublé's \"Home\" — was released as a single, becoming Shelton's fourth Number One country hit. Of the eleven tracks, Shelton co-wrote three. The album has been certified Gold by RIAA.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Candy Coburn",
"paragraph_text": "Candy Coburn is an American national performing country music artist who has shared the stage with many notable artists, including Brooks and Dunn, Kellie Pickler, Montgomery Gentry, Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert, Gary Allan, Josh Turner, Lady Antebellum and others. Scheduled to release her third album in 2010, Candy's most notable contribution to music so far has been her song, \"Pink Warrior.\".\"\n\n\n== Pink Warrior ==\n\"Pink Warrior\" was co-written by Candy Coburn, whose grandmother fought breast cancer for 10 years, along with respected Nashville writers Kaci Bolls, Candy Cameron and Roxie Dean. It was produced by Nashville producer, Joe Scaife, who is also known for his work with Montgomery Gentry and Gretchen Wilson. With her grandmother's long battle with cancer in mind, Coburn hoped the song would someday be an inspiration to others who have been touched by cancer. She was surprised when she was contacted by the well-known Susan G. Komen for the Cure organization only one month after Pink Warrior was recorded. In an agreement with Susan G.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| To which recording company does the partner of the artist who sings "Heart Like Mine" belong? | [
{
"id": 747772,
"question": "Heart Like Mine >> performer",
"answer": "Miranda Lambert",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 514761,
"question": "#1 >> spouse",
"answer": "Blake Shelton",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 594810,
"question": "#2 >> record label",
"answer": "Warner Bros. Records",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| Warner Bros. Records | []
| true | What record label does the spouse of Heart Like Mine's performer belong to? |
2hop__307719_121900 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Mike Bryan",
"paragraph_text": " World No. 1 doubles ranking jointly for 438 weeks (Mike has been ranked Men's Doubles World No. 1 for a total of 506 weeks), which is longer than anyone else in doubles history, and have also enjoyed that World No. 1 ranking together for a record 139 consecutive weeks. They have finished as the ATP year-end number 1 doubles team a record 10 times. Between 2005 and 2006, they set an Open Era record by competing in seven consecutive men's doubles Grand Slam finals.\nThey are also well known for celebrating winning points by chest-bumping each other. Some of their success is attributed to their particular brand of twinship: the Bryans are \"mirror twins\", where one is right-handed (Mike) and the other left-handed (Bob). This is advantageous for their court coverage. They were coached by David Macpherson between 2005 and 2016. In January 2017 they reunited with coach Phil Farmer, who previously trained them to their first grand slam title, the French Open men's doubles. In October 2017, Macpherson and Dr. Dave Marshall assumed coaching duties, with Marshall handling day-to-day responsibilities, until the duo retired.\nTurning pro in 1998, the brothers retired in August 2020, having played (and won) their final match as a team in March of that year.\n\n\n== Records and achievements ==\n\nOn October 28, 2016, they recorded their all-time record 1000th match win, as a team, by defeating Pablo Cuevas and Viktor Troicki in the quarter-finals of the 2016 Erste Bank Open, in Vienna, Austria. Following their triumph at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, the Bryans became the only doubles pairing in the Open Era to hold all four major titles at once (but not in a single season). They also won Olympic Gold during this period. They are also the only doubles team in history to have won every major title, having won all four Grand Slams, Olympic Gold, every (12 versions of the 9 tournaments) ATP World Tour Masters 1000 title, the ATP World Tour Finals and the Davis Cup during their careers.\nThe two have won a record 119 tour titles, surpassing The Woodies (Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde) who won 61, and have been finalists on 59 other occasions. They have a career \"Super Slam\" with 16 Grand Slam titles overall, which is more than any men's team in the Open Era. These include victories at the Australian Open (2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2013), the French Open (2003, 2013), Wimbledon (2006, 2011, 2013), and the US Open (2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014). They are the only doubles pairing in history to have completed the \"Double Career Grand Slam\", having won all four Grand Slam titles at least twice as a team. They won the ATP World Tour Finals doubles tournament four times (2003, 2004, 2009 and 2014).\nThey won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London and the bronze medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. They won the 2007 Davis Cup, along with Andy Roddick and James Blake. The brothers were named ATP Team of the Decade for 2000–2009 and for 2010–2019.\nThe twins were part of the United States Davis Cup team, with a 25–5 record in doubles matches, the most wins ever by a USA doubles team. Both brothers have played Davis Cup singles matches (Bob is 4–2 and Mike is 0–1).\n\n\n=== Doubles records ===\nThese records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.\nRecords in bold indicate peer-less achievements.\n\n\n=== Professional awards ===\nITF World Champion: 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014\nATP World Tour Fans' Favorite Team: 2005, 2006, 2007, 200Mike Bryan played for Stanford University in 1997 and 1998, where he helped the Cardinal win back-to-back NCAA team championships. In 1998, he won the NCAA doubles title with his twin brother Bob.Mike Bryan played for Stanford University in 1997 and 1998, where he helped the Cardinal win back-to-back NCAA team championships. In 1998, he won the NCAA doubles title with his twin brother Bob.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "2011 Australian Open – Men's Doubles",
"paragraph_text": "Bob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final.Bob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final.Bob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n=== Top half ===\n\n\n==== Section 1 ====\n\n\n==== Section 2 ====\n\n\n=== Bottom half ===\n\n\n==== Section 3 ====\n\n\n==== Section 4 ====\n\n\n== References ==\n[1] Source for the draw at ausopen.com\n\n\n== External links ==\n2011 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis FederationBob and Mike Bryan, the two-time defending champions in this event, successfully defended their title. They defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes 6–3, 6–4 in the final. Both Paes and Bhupathi were vying to complete the career Grand Slam.\n\n\n== Seeds ==\n\n\n== Draw ==\n\n\n=== Key ===\n\n\n=== Finals ===\n\n\n===",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which university was attended by the champion of the Men's Doubles at the 2011 Australian Open? | [
{
"id": 307719,
"question": "2011 Australian Open – Men's Doubles >> winner",
"answer": "Mike Bryan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 121900,
"question": "What college did #1 go to?",
"answer": "Stanford University",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| Stanford University | [
"Stanford"
]
| true | What college did the 2011 Australian Open - Men's Doubles winner go to? |
3hop1__17192_78396_42428 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "French and Indian War",
"paragraph_text": " their thirteen American colonies. Without the threat of French invasion, the American colonies saw little need for British military protection. In addition, the American people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indigenous territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War.\nThe first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once the conflict broke out in North America, it was mostly fought by colonial militias. The final conflict broke this pattern by beginning in North America. In addition, the British used more regular troops alongside colonial militia. They returned almost none of the French territory seized during the war. France was forced to cede its extensive territory in present-day Canada and Louisiane. The British victory in the French and Indian Wars reduced France's New World empire to St. Pierre and Miquelon (two islands off Newfoundland), a few West Indian islands, and French Guiana.\n\n\n== Warfare ==\n\n\n=== Operational goals ===\n\nThe belligerents strove in general to control the major transportation and trade routes, not just the sea routes that connected the colonies with the mother country, or the land routes that existed between the different colonies, but also the major fur trade routes leading to the interior of North America. These were normally along lakes and rivers and stretching from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Many indigenous Nations lived by these routes, and became involved in the wars between the great powers of Europe. The belligerents built fortified positions at major transportation hubs and requested the help of the local indigenous population to defend these, and to attack enemy positions.\n\n\n=== European tactics ===\n\nA common view is that European combat methods and military tactics were not adapted to the American forests and to the indigenous art of war. It is therefore conjectured that the English colonists designed new combat techniques, inspired by the Indigenous combat methods. These techniques, which included cover and stressed ambushes, is supposed to have been the reason why the colonists finally defeated the French, and then the British army during the American Revolutionary War. In reality, however, the French and Indian wars were finally won by Britain through the application of traditional European tactics. The Fortress of Louisbourg surrendered twice after sieges conducted according to the rules of European warfare, and the Battle of theIn September 1760, and before any hostilities erupted, Governor Vaudreuil negotiated from Montreal a capitulation with General Amherst. Amherst granted Vaudreuil's request that any French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom to continue worshiping in their Roman Catholic tradition, continued ownership of their property, and the right to remain undisturbed in their homes. The British provided medical treatment for the sick and wounded French soldiers and French regular troops were returned to France aboard British ships with an agreement that they were not to serve again in the present war. War\") or refers to the wars as the Intercolonial Wars.\nAs the wars proceeded, the military advantage moved toward the British side. This was chiefly the result of the greater population and productive capacity of the British colonies compared with those of France. In addition, the British had the greater ability to resupply their colonies and project military power by sea. In the first three conflicts, the French were able to offset these factors largely by more effective mobilization of Indigenous allies, but they were finally overwhelmed in the fourth and last war.\nThe overwhelming victory of the British played a role in the eventual loss of their thirteen American colonies. Without the threat of French invasion, the American colonies saw little need for British military protection. In addition, the American people resented British efforts to limit their colonization of the new French territories to the west of the Appalachian Mountains, as stated in the Proclamation of 1763, in an effort to relieve encroachment on Indigenous territory. These pressures contributed to the American Revolutionary War.\nThe first three of the French and Indian Wars followed the same basic pattern: they all started in Europe and then moved to North America. Once",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nOn 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could take over. The PLO soon resumed its policy of attacks against Israel. In the next few years, the PLO infiltrated the south and kept up a sporadic shelling across the border. Israel carried out numerous retaliatory attacks by air and on the ground. who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "History of Israel",
"paragraph_text": ". A rival Arab nationalism also claimed rights over the former Ottoman territories and sought to prevent Jewish migration into Palestine, leading to growing Arab -- Jewish tensions. Israeli independence in 1948 was marked by massive migration of Jews from Europe, a Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, followed by the Arab -- Israeli conflict. About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world.The history of Israel covers an area of the Southern Levant also known as Canaan, Palestine or the Holy Land, which is the geographical location of the modern states of Israel and Palestine. From a prehistory as part of the critical Levantine corridor, which witnessed waves of early humans out of Africa, to the emergence of Natufian culture c. 10th millennium BCE, the region entered the Bronze Age c. 2,000 BCE with the development of Canaanite civilization, before being vassalized by Egypt in the Late Bronze Age. In the Iron Age, the kingdoms of Israel and Judah were established, entities that were central to the origins of the Jewish and Samaritan peoples as well as the Abrahamic faith tradition. This has given rise to Judaism, Samaritanism, Christianity, Islam, Druzism, Baha'ism, and a variety of other religious movements. Throughout the course of human history, the Land of Israel has seen many conflicts and come under the sway or control of various polities and, as a result, it has historically hosted a wide variety of ethnic groups.\nIn the followingA Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in the late - 19th century (partially in response to growing anti-Semitism) and Aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) increased. After World War I, Ottoman territories in the Levant came under British and French control and the League of Nations granted the British a Mandate to rule Palestine which was to be turned into a Jewish National Home. A rival Arab nationalism also claimed rights over the former Ottoman territories and sought to prevent Jewish migration into Palestine, leading to growing Arab -- Jewish tensions. Israeli independence in 1948 was marked by massive migration of Jews from Europe, a Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries to Israel, and of Arabs from Israel, followed by the Arab -- Israeli conflict. About 43% of the world's Jews live in Israel today, the largest Jewish community in the world. a variety of other religious movements. Throughout the course of human history, the Land of Israel has seen many conflicts and come under the sway or control of various polities and, as a result, it has historically hosted a wide variety of ethnic groups.\nIn the following centuries, the Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian and Macedonian empires conquered the region. The Ptolemies and the Seleucids vied for control over the region during the HellenisticA Jewish national movement, Zionism, emerged in the late - 19th century (partially in response to growing anti-Semitism) and Aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) increased. After World War I, Ottoman territories in the Levant came under British and French control and the League of Nations granted the",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What did Governor Vaudreuil ask from the previous rulers of the nation that staged an invasion on southern Lebanon in 1978? | [
{
"id": 17192,
"question": "Who secured southern Lebanon?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 78396,
"question": "who owned #1 before it became a country",
"answer": "the British",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 42428,
"question": "What were requests made to #2 ?",
"answer": "French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| French residents who chose to remain in the colony would be given freedom | []
| true | What requests were made by Governor Vaudreuil to the people who formerly controlled the country that invaded southern Lebanon in 1978? |
3hop1__9285_5188_86687 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, Novotný proclaimed the completion of socialism, and the new constitution, accordingly, adopted the name Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. The pace of change, however, was sluggish; the rehabilitation of Stalinist-era victims, such as those convicted in the Slánský trials, may have been considered as early as 1963, but did not take place until 1967.\nIn the early 1960s, Czechoslovakia underwent an economic downturn. The Soviet model of industrialization applied unsuccessfully since Czechoslovakia was already entirely industrialized before World War II, and the Soviet model mainly took into account less developed economies. Novotný's attempt at restructuring the economy, the 1965 New Economic Model, spurred increased demand for political reform as well.\n\n\n=== 1967 Writers' Congress ===\nAs the strict government eased its rules, the Union of Czechoslovak Writers cautiously began to air discontent, and in the union's gazette, Literární noviny, members suggested that literature should be independent of Party doctrine. In June 1967, a small fraction of the Czech writer's union sympathized with radical socialists, specifically LudvíkThe Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces.On 20–21 August 1968, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was jointly invaded by four Warsaw Pact countries: the Soviet Union, the Polish People's Republic, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, and the Hungarian People's Republic. The invasion stopped Alexander Dubček's Prague Spring liberalisation reforms and strengthened the authoritarian wing of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KS��).\nAbout 250,000 Warsaw PactThe Warsaw Treaty's organization was two-fold: the Political Consultative Committee handled political matters, and the Combined Command of Pact Armed Forces controlled the assigned multi-national forces, with headquarters in Warsaw, Poland. Furthermore, the Supreme Commander of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization which commands and controls all the military forces of the member countries was also a First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, and the Chief of Combined Staff of the Unified Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty Organization was also a First Deputy Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Therefore, although ostensibly an international collective security alliance, the USSR dominated the Warsaw Treaty armed forces. People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance if German troops were involved, due to public perception of the previous German occupation three decades earlier. 137 Czechoslovaks were killed and 500 seriously wounded during the occupation.\nPublic reaction to the invasion was widespread and divided, including within the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": "15% of Polish-Lithuanian society, which made the membership an electorate that was several times larger than most noble classes in other countries; by contrast, nobles in Italy and France encompassed 1% during the early modern period.\nDespite often enormous differences in wealth and political influence, few distinctions in law existed between the great magnates and lesser szlachta. The juridic principle of szlachta equality existed because szlachta landThe Polish nobility enjoyed many rights that were not available to the noble classes of other countries and, typically, each new monarch conceded them further privileges. Those privileges became the basis of the Golden Liberty in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Despite having a king, Poland was called the nobility's Commonwealth because the king was elected by all interested members of hereditary nobility and Poland was considered to be the property of this class, not of the king or the ruling dynasty. This state of affairs grew up in part because of the extinction of the male-line descendants of the old royal dynasty (first the Piasts, then the Jagiellons), and the selection by the nobility of the Polish king from among the dynasty's female-line descendants. judicial and financial governance, including tax-raising. The szlachta assumed various governing positions, including voivode, marshal of voivodeship, castellan, and starosta.\nIn 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobilities formally joined the szlachta.:��211�� As the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded territorially after the Union of Lublin, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia and Livonia. Over time, membership in the szlachta grew to encompass around 8% to 15% of Polish-Lithuanian society, which made the membership an electorate that was several times larger than most noble classes in other countries; by contrast, nobles in Italy and France encompass",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "German reunification",
"paragraph_text": " the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking people of the old Empire had a common linguistic, cultural, and legal tradition. European liberalism offered an intellectual basis for unification by challenging dynastic and absolutist models of social and political organization; itsHorst Teltschik, Kohl's foreign policy advisor, later recalled that Germany would have paid ``100 billion deutschmarks ''if the Soviets demanded it. The USSR did not make such great demands, however, with Gorbachev stating in February 1990 that`` The Germans must decide for themselves what path they choose to follow''. In May 1990 he repeated his remark in the context of NATO membership while meeting Bush, amazing both the Americans and Germans. This removed the last significant roadblock to Germany being free to choose its international alignments, though Kohl made no secret that he intended for the reunified Germany to inherit West Germany's seats in NATO and the EC.TheHorst Teltschik, Kohl's foreign policy advisor, later recalled that Germany would have paid ``100 billion deutschmarks ''if the Soviets demanded it. The USSR did not make such great demands, however, with Gorbachev stating in February 1990 that`` The Germans must decide for themselves what path they choose to follow''. In May 1990 he repeated his remark in the context of NATO membership while meeting Bush, amazing both the Americans and Germans. This removed the last significant roadblock to Germany being free to choose its international alignments, though Kohl made no secret that he intended for the reunified Germany to inherit West Germany's seats in NATO and the EC. of south German states joined the North German Confederation with the ceremonial proclamation of the German Empire i.e. the German Reich having 25 member states and led by the Kingdom of Prussia of Hohenzollerns on 18 January 1871; the event was later celebrated as the customary date of the German Empire's foundation, although the legally meaningful events relevant to the accomplishment of unification occurred on 1 January 1871 (accession of South German states and constitutional adoption of the name \"German Empire\") and 4 May 1871 (entry into force of the permanent Constitution of the German Empire).\nDespite the legal, administrative, and political disruption caused by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking people of the old Empire had a common linguistic, cultural, and legal tradition. European liberalism offered an intellectual basis for unification by challenging dynastic and absolutist models of social and political organization; itsHorst Teltschik, Kohl's foreign policy advisor, later recalled that Germany would have paid ``100 billion deutschmarks ''if the Soviets demanded it. The USSR did not make such great demands, however, with Gorbachev stating in February 1990 that`` The Germans must decide for themselves what path they choose to follow''. In May 1990 he repeated his remark in the context of NATO membership while meeting Bush, amazing both the Americans and Germans. This removed the last significant roadblock to Germany being free to choose its international alignments, though Kohl made no secret that he intended for the reunified Germany to inherit West Germany's seats in NATO and the EC.The unification of Germany (German: Deutsche Einigung, pronounced [��d����t��ə ����a��n��������] ) was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part). It commenced on 18 August 1866 with adoption of the North German Confederation Treaty establishing the North German Confederation, initially a military alliance de facto dominated by Prussia which was subsequently deepened through adoption of the North German Constitution. \nThe process symbolically concluded when most of south German states joined the North German Confederation with the ceremonial proclamation of the German Empire i.e. the German Reich having 25 member states and led by the Kingdom of Prussia of Hohenzollerns on 18 January 1871; the event was later celebrated as the customary date of the German Empire's foundation, although the legally meaningful events relevant to the accomplishment of unification occurred on 1 January 1871 (accession of South German states and constitutional adoption of the name \"German Empire\") and 4 May 1871 (entry into force of the permanent Constitution of the German Empire).\nDespite the legal, administrative, and political disruption caused by the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German-speaking people of the old Empire had a common linguistic, cultural, and legal tradition. European liberalism offered an intellectual basis for unification by challenging dynastic and absolutist models of social and political organization; its German manifestation emphasized the importance of tradition, education, and linguistic unity. Economically, the creation of the Prussian Zollverein (customs union) in 1818, and its subsequent expansion to include other states of the Austria (under Austrian Empire)-led German Confederation, reduced competition between and within states. Emerging modes of transportation facilitated business and recreational travel, leading to contact and sometimes conflict between and among German-speakers from throughout Central Europe. The model of diplomatic spheres of influence resulting from the Congress of Vienna in 1814–1815 after the Napoleonic Wars endorsed Austrian dominance in Central Europe through Habsburg leadership of the German Confederation, designed to replace the Holy Roman Empire. The negotiators at Vienna took no account of Prussia's growing strength within and declined to create a second coalition of the German states under Prussia's influence, and so failed to foresee that Prussia (Kingdom of Prussia) would rise to challenge Austria for leadership of the German peoples. This German dualism presented two solutions to the problem of unification: Kleindeutsche Lösung, the small Germany solution (Germany without Austria), or Großdeutsche Lösung, the greater Germany solution (Germany with Austria or its German-speaking part), ultimately settled in favor of the former solution in the Peace of Prague.\nHistorians debate whether Otto von Bismarck—Minister President of Prussia",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| When did the nation from which the highest-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact, headquartered in the aristocracy's commonwealth, consent to Germany's unification within the NATO framework? | [
{
"id": 9285,
"question": "What was the nobilities commonwealth?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 5188,
"question": "Despite being headquartered in #1 , the top-ranking operatives of the Warsaw Pact were from which country?",
"answer": "the USSR",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 86687,
"question": "when did the #2 agree to a unified germany inside of nato",
"answer": "May 1990",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| May 1990 | [
"1990"
]
| true | When did the country the top-ranking Warsaw Pact operatives came from, despite it being headquartered in the country known as the nobilities commonwealth, agree to a unified Germany inside NATO? |
2hop__77233_33207 | [
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Modern history",
"paragraph_text": " have come to dominate not only Western Europe and North America, but almost every area on the globe, including movements thought of as opposed to the western world and globalization. The modern era is closely associated with the development of individualism, capitalism, urbanization, and a belief in the positive possibilities of technological and political progress.\nThe brutal wars and other conflicts of this era, many of which come from the effects of rapid change, and the connected loss of strength of traditional religious and ethical norms, have led to many reactions against modern development. Optimism and the belief in constant progress have been most recently criticized by postmodernism, while the dominance of Western Europe and North America over the rest of the world has been criticized by postcolonial theory.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nEras can not easily be defined. 1500 is an approximate starting period for the modern era because many major events caused the Western world to change around that time: from the fall of Constantinople (1453), Gutenberg's moveable type printing press (1450s), completion of the Reconquista (1492) and Christopher Columbus's voyage to the Americas (also 1492), to the Reformation begun with Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses (1517).\nThe term \"modern\" was coined shortly before 1585 to describe the beginning of a new era.\nThe term \"early modern\" was introduced in the English language by American historians at the turn of the 20th century (around 1900). It was long thought that the concept was invented either in the 1930s to distinguish the time between the Middle Ages and time of the late Enlightenment (1800), or that \"early modern\" was not coined until the mid-20th century and only gained substantial traction in the 1960s and 1970s. Nipperdey (2022) pointed to its widespread usage by American historians around 1900 already, adding: 'In the interwar yearsThe Cold War saw periods of both heightened tension and relative calm. International crises arose, such as the Berlin Blockade (1948–1949), the Korean War (1950–1953), the Berlin Crisis of 1961, the Vietnam War (1959–1975), the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), the Soviet war in Afghanistan (1979–1989) and NATO exercises in November 1983. There were also periods of reduced tension as both sides sought détente. Direct military attacks on adversaries were deterred by the potential for mutual assured destruction using deliverable nuclear weapons. In the Cold War era, the Generation of Love and the rise of computers changed society in very different, complex ways, including higher social and local mobility.The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history. It was originally applied to the history of Europe and Western history for events that came after the Middle Ages, often from around the year 1500. From the 1990s, it is more common among historians to refer to the period after the Middle Ages and up to the 19th century as the early modern period. The modern period is today more often used for events from the 19th century until today. The time from the end of World War II (1945) can also be described as being part of contemporary history.\nThe common definition of the modern period today is often associated with events like the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, and the transition to nationalism towards the liberal international order.\nThe modern period has been a period of significant development in the fields of science, politics, warfare, and technology. It has also been an Age of Discovery and globalization. During this time, the European powers and later their colonies, strengthened its political, economic, and cultural colonization of the rest of the world. It also created a new modern lifestyle and has permanently changed the way people around the world live. \nIn the 19th and early 20th century, modernist art, politics, science, and culture have come to dominate not only Western Europe and North America, but almost every area on the globe, including movements thought of as opposed to the western world and globalization. The modern era is closely associated with the development of individualism, capitalism, urbanization, and a belief in the positive possibilities of technological and political progress.\nThe brutal wars and other conflicts of this era, many of which come from the effects of rapid change, and the connected loss of strength of traditional religious and ethical norms, have led to many reactions against modern development. Optimism and the belief in constant progress have been most recently criticized by postmodernism, while the dominance of Western Europe and North America over the rest of the world has been criticized by postcolonial theory.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nEras can not easily be defined. 1500 is an approximate starting period for the modern era because many major events caused the Western world to change around that time: from the fall of Constantinople (1453), Gutenberg's moveable type printing press (1450s), completion of the Reconquista (1492) and Christopher Columbus's voyage to the AmericasThe Victorian era of the United Kingdom was the period of Queen Victoria's reign from June 1837 to January 1901. This was a long period of prosperity for the British people, as profits gained from the overseas British Empire, as well as from industrial improvements at home, allowed a large, educated middle class to develop. Some scholars would extend the beginning of the period—as defined by a variety of sensibilities and political games that have come to be associated with the Victorians—back five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832. towards the liberal international order.\nThe modern period has been a period of significant development in the fields of science, politics, warfare, and technology. It has also been an Age of Discovery and globalization. During this time, the European powers and later their colonies, strengthened its political, economic, and cultural colonization of the rest of the world. It also created a new modern lifestyle and has permanently changed the way people around the world live. \nIn the 19th and early 20th century, modernist art, politics, science, and culture have come to dominate not only Western Europe and North America, but almost every area on the globe, including movements thought of as opposed to the western world and globalization. The modern era is closely associated with the development of individualism, capitalism, urbanization, and a belief in the positive possibilities of technological and political progress.\nThe brutal wars and other conflicts of this era, many of which come from the effects of rapid change, and the connected loss of strength of traditional religious and ethical norms, have led to many reactions against modern development. Optimism and the belief in constant progress have been most recently criticized by postmodernism, while the dominance of Western Europe and North America over the rest of the world has",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Sati (practice)",
"paragraph_text": "th century, leading the Indian government to promulgate the Sati (PreventionThe British East India Company initially tolerated the practice, with William Carey noting 438 incidences within a 30 - mile (48 - km) radius of Calcutta, in 1803, despite its ban within Calcutta itself. Historian A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed states Company employees ``not only seemed to accord an official sanction, but also increased its prestige value '', in Bengal, through only prohibiting involuntary immolations in 1813. Between 1815 and 1818, the number of sati in Bengal province doubled from 378 to 839. Under sustained campaigning against sati by Christian missionaries such as William Carey and Brahmin Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, the provincial government banned sati in 1829. This was followed up by similar laws by the authorities in the princely states of India in the ensuing decades, with a general ban for the whole of India issued by Queen Victoria in 1861. In Nepal, sati was banned in 1920. The Indian Sati Prevention Act from 1988 further criminalised any type of aiding, abetting, and glorifying of sati.SThe British East India Company initially tolerated the practice, with William Carey noting 438 incidences within a 30 - mile (48 - km) radius of Calcutta, in 1803, despite its ban within Calcutta itself. Historian A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed states Company employees ``not only seemed to accord an official sanction, but also increased its prestige value '', in Bengal, through only prohibiting involuntary immolations in 1813. Between 1815 and 1818, the number of sati in Bengal province doubled from 378 to 839. Under sustained campaigning against sati by Christian missionaries such as William Carey and Brahmin Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, the provincial government banned sati in 1829. This was followed up by similar laws by the authorities in the princely states of India in the ensuing decades, with a general ban for the whole of India issued by Queen Victoria in 1861. In Nepal, sati was banned in 1920. The Indian Sati Prevention Act from 1988 further criminalised any type of aiding, abetting, and glorifying of sati. Between 1815 and 1818 the number of incidents of sati in Bengal doubled from 378 to 839. Opposition to the practice of sati by evangelists like Carey, and by Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy ultimately led the British Governor-General of India Lord William Bentinck to enact the Bengal Sati Regulation, 1829, declaring the practice of burning or burying alive of Hindu widows to be punishable by the criminal courts. Other legislation followed, countering what the British perceived to be interrelated issues involving violence against Hindu women, including the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act, 1856, Female Infanticide Prevention Act, 1870, and Age of Consent Act, 1891. Ram Mohan Roy observed that when women allow themselves to be consigned to the funeral pyre of a deceased husband it results not just \"from religious prejudices only\", but, \"also from witnessing the distress in which widows of the same rank in life are involved, and the insults and slights to which they are daily subject.\"\nIsolated incidents of sati were recorded in India in the late-20th century, leading the Indian government to promulgate the Sati (PreventionThe British East India Company initially tolerated the practice, with William Carey noting 438 incidences within a 30 - mile (48 - km) radius of Calcutta, in 1803, despite its ban within Calcutta itself. Historian A.F. Salahuddin Ahmed states Company employees ``not only seemed to accord an official sanction, but also increased its prestige value '', in Bengal, through only prohibiting involuntary immolations in 1813. Between 1815 and 1818, the number of sati in Bengal province doubled from 378 to 839. Under sustained campaigning against sati by Christian missionaries such as William Carey and Brahmin Hindu reformers such as Ram Mohan Roy, the provincial government banned sati in 1829. This was followed up by similar laws by the authorities in the princely states of India in the ensuing decades, with a general ban for the whole of India issued by Queen Victoria in 1861. In Nepal, sati was banned in 1920. The Indian Sati Prevention Act from 1988 further criminalised any type of aiding, abetting",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What was the condition of the populace during the rule of Partha, the one who ended Sati, in India? | [
{
"id": 77233,
"question": "who abolished sati partha (practice) in india",
"answer": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 33207,
"question": "What did the people consider #1 reign to be?",
"answer": "a long period of prosperity for the British people",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| a long period of prosperity for the British people | []
| true | How did did the people fare during the reign of the abolisher of sati partha in India? |
3hop1__6362_14336_21111 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Jews",
"paragraph_text": ". After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the SecondBetween 1948 and 1958, the Jewish population rose from 800,000 to two million. Currently, Jews account for 75.4% of the Israeli population, or 6 million people. The early years of the State of Israel were marked by the mass immigration of Holocaust survivors in the aftermath of the Holocaust and Jews fleeing Arab lands. Israel also has a large population of Ethiopian Jews, many of whom were airlifted to Israel in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Between 1974 and 1979 nearly 227,258 immigrants arrived in Israel, about half being from the Soviet Union. This period also saw an increase in immigration to Israel from Western Europe, Latin America, and North America. yielded various views on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus.\nJesus was circumcised at eight days old, was baptized by John the Baptist as a young adult, and after 40 days and nights of fasting in the wilderness, began his own ministry. He was an itinerant teacher, and was often referred to as \"rabbi\". Jesus often debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables, and gathered followers, among whom twelve were appointed as his chosen apostles. He was arrested in Jerusalem and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judaea. After his death, his followers became convinced that he rose from the dead, and following his ascension, the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church that expanded as a worldwide movement. It is hypothesized that accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.\nChristian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three prosopons of the Trinity. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually, generally on 25 December, as Christmas. His crucifixion is honoured on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The world's most widely used calendar era—in which the current year is AD 2024 (or 2024 CE)—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.\nJesus is also revered in Islam, the Bahá��í Faith, and the Druze Faith. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ����sā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected.\n\n\n== Name ==\n\nA typical Jew in Jesus's time had only one name, sometimes followed by the phrase \"son of [father's name]\", or the individual's hometown. Thus, in the New Testament, Jesus is commonly referred to as \"Jesus of Nazareth\". Jesus's neighbours in Nazareth referred to him as \"the carpenter, the son of Mary and brother of James and Joses and Judas and Simon\", \"the carpenter's son\", or \"Joseph's son\"; in the Gospel of John, the disciple Philip refers to him as \"Jesus son of Joseph from Nazareth\".\nThe English name Jesus, from Greek Iēsous, is a rendering of Joshua (Hebrew Yehoshua, later Yeshua), and was not uncommon in Judea at the time of the birth of Jesus. Popular etymology linked the names Yehoshua and Yeshua to the verb meaning \"save\" and the noun \"salvation\". The Gospel of Matthew tells of an angel that appeared to Joseph instructing him \"to name him Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins\".\n\n\n=== Jesus Christ ===\nSince the early period of Christianity, Christians have commonly referred to",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Anti-aircraft warfare",
"paragraph_text": " gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include AA, AAA or triple-A, an abbreviation of anti-aircraft artillery; \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and archie (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").Anti-aircraft warfare is the counter to aerial warfare and it includes \"all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action\" (NATO's definition). It includes surface based, subsurface (submarine launched), and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements, and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be used to protect naval, ground, and air forces in any location. However, for most countries, the main effort has tended to be homeland defence. Missile defence is an extension of air defence, as are initiatives to adapt air defence to the task of intercepting any projectile in flight.\nMost modern anti-aircraft (AA) weapons systems are optimized for short-, medium-, or long-range air defence, although some systems may incorporate multiple weapons (such as both autocannons and surface-to-air missiles). ‘Layered air defence’ usually refers to multiple ‘tiers’ of air defence systems which, when combined, an airborne threat must penetrate in order to reach its target; This defence is usually accomplished via the combined use of systems optimized for either short-, medium-, or long-range air defence.\nIn some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union, and modern NATO and the United States, ground-based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence (including military facilities), forces in the field, wherever they are, provide their own defences against airborne threats.\nUntil the 1950s, guns firing ballistic munitions ranging from 7.62 mm (.30 in) to 152.4 mm (6 in) were the standard weapons; guided missiles then became dominant, except at the very shortest ranges (as with close-in weapon systems, which typically use rotary autocannons or, in very modern systems, surface-to-air adaptations of short-range air-to-air missiles, often combined in one system with rotary cannons).\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nIt may also be called counter-air, anti-air, AA, flak, layered air defence or air defence forces.\nThe term air defence was probably first used by the UK when Air Defence of Great Britain (ADGB) was created as a Royal Air Force command in 1925. However, arrangements in the UK were also called \"anti-aircraft\", abbreviated as AA, a term that remained in general use into the 1950s. After the First World War it was sometimes prefixed by \"light\" or \"heavy\" (LAA or HAA) to classify a type of gun or unit. Nicknames for anti-aircraft guns include \"AA\", \"AAA\" or \"triple-A\" (abbreviations of \"anti-aircraft artillery\"), \"flak\" (from the German Flugzeugabwehrkanone), \"ack-ack\" (from the spelling alphabet used by the British for voice transmission of \"AA\"); and \"archie\" (a World War I British term probably coined by Amyas Borton, and believed to derive via the Royal Flying Corps, from the music-hall comedian George Robey's line \"Archibald, certainly not!\").\nNATO defines anti-aircraft warfare (AAW) as \"measures taken to defend a maritime force against attacks by airborne weapons launched from aircraft, ships, submarines and land-based sites\". In some armies the term all-arms air defence (AAAD) is used for air defence by nonspecialist troops. Other terms from the late 20th century include \"ground based airIsrael, and The US Air Force, in conjunction with the members of NATO, has developed significant tactics for air defence suppression. Dedicated weapons such as anti-radiation missiles and advanced electronics intelligence and electronic countermeasures platforms seek to suppress or negate the effectiveness of an opposing air-defence system. It is an arms race; as better jamming, countermeasures and anti-radiation weapons are developed, so are better SAM systems with ECCM capabilities and the ability to shoot down anti-radiation missiles and other munitions aimed at them or the targets they are defending.iers’ of air defence systems which, when combined, an airborne threat must penetrate in order to reach its targetThe term air defence was",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Space Race",
"paragraph_text": " control of his Vostok 2 craft on August 6, 1961. The Soviet Union demonstrated 24-hour launch padThe US Air Force had been developing a program to launch the first man in space, named Man in Space Soonest. This program studied several different types of one-man space vehicles, settling on a ballistic re-entry capsule launched on a derivative Atlas missile, and selecting a group of nine candidate pilots. After NASA's creation, the program was transferred over to the civilian agency and renamed Project Mercury on November 26, 1958. NASA selected a new group of astronaut (from the Greek for \"star sailor\") candidates from Navy, Air Force and Marine test pilots, and narrowed this down to a group of seven for the program. Capsule design and astronaut training began immediately, working toward preliminary suborbital flights on the Redstone missile, followed by orbital flights on the Atlas. Each flight series would first start unmanned, then carry a primate, then finally men.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the number of people residing in the nation that collaborated with the organization responsible for the Man in Space Soonest project? | [
{
"id": 6362,
"question": "Man in Space Soonest was a program by which organization?",
"answer": "US Air Force",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 14336,
"question": "In agreement with NATO members, #1 and which country has created tactics for air defence suppression?",
"answer": "Israel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 21111,
"question": "What is the population of #2 ?",
"answer": "6 million",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| 6 million | []
| true | The population of the country that worked with the outfit behind Man in Space Soonest numbers how much? |
3hop1__147162_131905_41948 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_text": " even with meatless sandwiches as is the case of the veggie burger.\nThe term burger can also be applied to a meat patty on its own. Since the term hamburger usually implies beef, for clarity burger may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in beef burger, turkey burger, bison burger, portobello burger, or veggie burger. In most English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast in a bun is a chicken burger. Americans would call this a chicken sandwich because the meat is not ground, whereas in other countries anything with a bun is considered a burger and a sandwich has sliced bread.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nVersions of the meal have been served for over a century, but its origins remain obscure. The 1758 edition of the book The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy by Hannah Glasse included a recipe called \"Hamburgh sausage\", suggesting that it should be served \"roasted with toasted bread under it.\" A similar snack was also popular in Hamburg under the name of \"Rundstück warmHamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg. and regional variations of hamburger. Some of the largest multinational fast-food chains have a burger as one of their core products: McDonald's Big Mac and Burger King's Whopper have become global icons of American culture.\n\n\n== Etymology and terminology ==\nThe term hamburger originally derives from Hamburg, the second-largest city in Germany; however, there is no certain connection between the food and the city.\nBy rebracketing, the term \"burger\" eventually became a self-standing word that is associated with many different types of sandwiches that are similar to a hamburger but contain different meats such as buffalo in the buffalo burger, venison, kangaroo, chicken, turkey, elk, lamb or fish such as salmon in the salmon burger, and even with meatless sandwiches as is the case of the veggie burger.\nThe term burger can also be applied to a meat patty on its own. Since the term hamburger usually implies beef, for clarity burger may be prefixed with the type of meat or meat substitute used, as in beef burger, turkey burger, bison burger, portobello burger, or veggie burger. In most English-speaking countries, including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, a piece of chicken breast in a bun is a chicken burger. Americans would call this a chicken sandwich because the meat is not ground, whereas in other countries anything with a bun is considered a burger and a sandwich has sliced bread.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nVersions of the meal have been served for over a century, but its origins remain obscure. The 1758 edition of the book The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy by Hannah Glasse included a recipe called \"Hamburgh sausage\", suggesting that it should be served \"roasted with toasted bread under it.\" A similar snack was also popular in Hamburg under the name of \"Rundstück warm\" (\"bread roll warm\") in 1869 or earlier, and was supposedly eaten by emigrants on their way to America. However this may have contained roasted beefsteak rather than Frikadelle. It has alternatively been suggested that Hamburg steak served between two pieces of bread and eaten by Jewish passengers travelling from Hamburg to New York on Hamburg America Line vessels (which began operations in 1847) became so well known that the shipping company gave its name to the dish. It is not known which of these stories actually marks the invention of the hamburger and explains the name.\nThere isHamburg is at a sheltered natural harbour on the southern fanning-out of the Jutland Peninsula, between Continental Europe to the south and Scandinavia to the north, with the North Sea to the west and the Baltic Sea to the northeast. It is on the River Elbe at its confluence with the Alster and Bille. The city centre is around the Binnenalster (\"Inner Alster\") and Außenalster (\"Outer Alster\"), both formed by damming the River Alster to create lakes. The islands of Neuwerk, Scharhörn, and Nigehörn, away in the Hamburg Wadden Sea National Park, are also part of the city of Hamburg.A hamburger, or simply a burger, is a dish consisting of fillings—usually a patty of ground meat, typically beef—placed inside a sliced bun or bread roll. The patties are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, pickles, bacon or chilis with condiments such as ketchup, mustard, may",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Erwin Speckter",
"paragraph_text": ", Heinrich Joachim Herterich, was living there at the time and his collection inspired Erwin's first interest in art. His father provided some of his first painting lessons, along with the local artist Friedrich Carl Gröger, while he attended a famous private school operated by Leonhard Wächter.\nIn 1823 (with the support of Carl Friedrich von Rumohr) he, his brother and Carl Julius Milde, another aspiring painter, travelled through Northern Germany, studying the ancient monuments, but he was also influenced by seeing the works of Friedrich Overbeck in Lübeck. Two years later, he studied in Munich with Peter von Cornelius and assisted him with his decorations for the loggia at the Alte Pinakothek.\nThis reinforced his artistic inclinations which, upon his return home, were further subjected to the influence of a meeting with Philipp Otto Runge, and manifested themselves in paintings he did for a local estate in Hamm. This was followed by a four-year stay in Italy (mostly Rome), where he devoted himself largely to religious paintings, although he produced many drawings as well. Once again returning to Hamburg in 1834, he began putting his new ideas to work, designing frescoes for the Mayor's official residence. During this work, his asthma (which had plagued him for years) grew worse and the attacks became more frequent. He died soon after, before the work could be completed.\nHis Briefe eines deutschen Künstlers aus Italien (Letters from Italy by a German Painter) were published posthumously by his brother-in-law, the Professor Christian Friedrich Wurm. (2 Volumes, Leipzig 1846).\nHis brother, Otto Speckter, became a well-known illustrator.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Further reading ==\nGustav Pauli, Die Hamburger Meister der guten alten Zeit, Hyperion Verlag, München, 1925\nHamburgisches Künstler-Lexikon, Die bildenden Künstler Vol.1, Verein für Hamburgische Geschichte, Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg, 1854, pg.239 ff., (online Hamburg Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek).\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nArtNet: More work by Speckter\nWorks by Erwin Speckter in the collection of the Bildarchiv Foto Marburg.\nLiterature by and about Erwin Speckter in the German National Library catalogueErwin Speckter (18 July 1806, Hamburg - 23 November 1835, Hamburg) was a German painter, often associated with the Nazarene movement.\n\n\n== Life ==\nHis father was the lithographer, Johannes Michael Speckter. During the Siege of Hamburg, his family sought refuge at the estate of a local banker. Another lithographer, Heinrich Joachim Herterich, was living there at the time and his collection inspired Erwin's first interest in art. His father provided some of his first painting lessons, along with the local artist Friedrich Carl Gröger, while he attended a famous private school operated by Leonhard Wächter.\nIn 1823 (with the support of Carl Friedrich von Rumohr) he, his brother and Carl Julius Milde, another aspiring painter, travelled through Northern GermanyErwin Speckter (18 July 1806, Hamburg - 23 November 1835, Hamburg) was a German painter, often associated with the Nazarene movement.EErwin Speckter (18 July 1806, Hamburg - 23 November 1835, Hamburg) was a German painter, often associated with the Nazarene movement.== Life ==\nHis father was the lithographer, Johannes Michael Speckter. During the Siege of Hamburg, his family sought refuge at the estate of a local banker. Another lithographer, Heinrich Joachim Herterich, was living there at the time and his collection inspired Erwin's first interest in art. His father provided some of his first painting lessons, along with the local artist Friedrich Carl Gröger, while he attended a famous private school operated by Leonhard Wächter.\nIn 1823 (with the support of Carl Friedrich von Rumohr) he, his brother and Carl Julius Milde, another aspiring painter, travelled through Northern Germany, studying the ancient monuments, but he was also influenced by seeing the works of Friedrich Overbeck in Lübeck. Two years later, he studied in Munich with Peter von Cornelius and assisted him with his decorations for the loggia at the Alte Pinakothek.\nThis reinforced his artistic inclinations which, upon",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Rhine",
"paragraph_text": " Rhine ( RYNE) is one of the major European rivers. The river begins in the Swiss canton of Graubünden in the southeastern Swiss Alps. It forms the Swiss-Liechtenstein border and partly the Swiss-Austrian and Swiss-German borders. After that the Rhine defines much of the Franco-German border, after which it flows in a mostly northerly direction through the German Rhineland. Finally in Germany, the Rhine turns into a predominantly westerly direction and flows into the Netherlands where it eventually empties into the North Sea. It drains an area of 9,973 km2.\nIts name derives from the Celtic Rēnos. There are two German states named after the river, North Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate, in addition to several districts (e.g. Rhein-Sieg). The departments of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin in Alsace (France) are also named after theThe last glacial ran from ~74,000 (BP = Before Present), until the end of the Pleistocene (~11,600 BP). In northwest Europe, it saw two very cold phases, peaking around 70,000 BP and around 29,000–24,000 BP. The last phase slightly predates the global last ice age maximum (Last Glacial Maximum). During this time, the lower Rhine flowed roughly west through the Netherlands and extended to the southwest, through the English Channel and finally, to the Atlantic Ocean. The English Channel, the Irish Channel and most of the North Sea were dry land, mainly because sea level was approximately 120 m (390 ft) lower than today.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Apart from the Irish Channel and the body of water near the city where Erwin Speckler passed away, what other things experienced a decrease during the most recent cold period? | [
{
"id": 147162,
"question": "Where did Erwin Speckter live when he died?",
"answer": "Hamburg",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 131905,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #1 ?",
"answer": "North Sea",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 41948,
"question": "Besides #2 and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase?",
"answer": "English Channel",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| English Channel | [
"The Channel"
]
| true | Besides the body of water by the city where Erwin Speckler died, and the Irish Channel, what else was lowered in the last cold phase? |
3hop1__103890_10659_23296 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis. to the publicly announced stipulations of non-aggression for the next 10 years, the treaty included the Secret Protocol, which defined the borders of Soviet and German spheres of influence across Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. The secret protocol also recognized the interest of Lithuania in the Vilnius region, and Germany declared its complete uninterest in Bessarabia. In the west, rumoured existence of the Secret Protocol was proven only when it was made public during the Nuremberg trials.\nSoon after the pact, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, one day after a Soviet–Japanese ceasefire came into effect after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In March 1940, parts of the Karelia and Salla regions in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Winter War. The Soviet annexation of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ágnes Konkoly",
"paragraph_text": " 2012 & Miss Universe 2012 ==\nÁgnes Konkoly has been crowned \"Miss Universe Hungary 2012\" at the grand coronation night of Beauty Queen 2012 at the TV2 studios in Budapest on Saturday night of 9 June 2012. In the Miss Universe 2012, Konkoly had reached the top 10, which is the highest placement, to date, for Hungary at the pageant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMiss Universe Hungary official websiteÁgnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nÁgnes is a Wedding Planner in Hungary.\n\n\n== Miss Supranational Hungary 2011 ==\nÁgnes competed at Miss Supranational 2011 and she placed on top 20 semi-finalists.\n\n\n== Miss Universe Hungary 201Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.== Early life ==\nÁgnes is a Wedding Planner in Hungary.\n\n\n== Miss Supranational Hungary 2011 ==\nÁgnes competed at Miss Supranational 2011 and she placed on top 20 semi-finalists.\n\n\n== Miss Universe Hungary 2012 & Miss Universe 2012 ==\nÁgnes Konkoly has been crowned \"Miss Universe Hungary 2012\" at the grand coronation night of Beauty Queen 2012 at the TV2 studios in Budapest on Saturday night of 9 June 2012. In the Miss Universe 2012, Konkoly had reached the top 10, which is the highest placement, to date, for Hungary at the pageant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMiss Universe Hungary official websiteÁgnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nÁgnes is a Wedding Planner in Hungary.\n\n\n== Miss Supranational Hungary 2011 ==\nÁgnes competed at Miss Supranational 2011 and she placed on top 20 semi-finalists.\n\n\n== Miss Universe Hungary 201Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.Ágnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Universe Hungary 2012 and represented her country in the Miss Universe 2012 pageants.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nÁgnes is a Wedding Planner in Hungary.\n\n\n== Miss Supranational Hungary 2011 ==\nÁgnes competed at Miss Supranational 2011 and she placed on top 20 semi-finalists.\n\n\n== Miss Universe Hungary 2012 & Miss Universe 2012 ==\nÁgnes Konkoly has been crowned \"Miss Universe Hungary 2012\" at the grand coronation night of Beauty Queen 2012 at the TV2 studios in Budapest on Saturday night of 9 June 2012. In the Miss Universe 2012, Konkoly had reached the top 10, which is the highest placement, to date, for Hungary at the pageant.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMiss Universe Hungary official websiteÁgnes Konkoly (born 23 July 1987) is a Hungarian model, wedding planner and beauty pageant titleholder",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n \nThe Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history:Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE] the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who was the invading force in the country that many French Jews, as well as nationals from Ágnes Konkoly's home country, sought refuge in following the Nazi regime? | [
{
"id": 103890,
"question": "Where was Ágnes Konkoly from?",
"answer": "Hungary",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 10659,
"question": "Along with #1 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 23296,
"question": "Who invaded #2 after the Nazi’s?",
"answer": "Soviet",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Soviet | [
"the Soviet Union",
"Soviet Union",
"SU"
]
| true | After the Nazis, who invaded the country where, along with the nation that Ágnes Konkoly is from, many expelled French Jews relocated to? |
2hop__89632_40480 | [
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "The Patriot (2000 film)",
"paragraph_text": " home carrying rebel dispatches. The Martins care for wounded British and American soldiers before British dragoons arrive, led by Colonel William Tavington. Tavington press gangs the Martins' African American former slaves into the army and tries to arrest Gabriel and hang him as a spy. Gabriel's brother Thomas tries to free him, but Tavington kills Thomas, then orders the Martins' house burned and all the wounded Americans executed. After the British leave, Benjamin and his two younger sons ambush the British convoy transporting Gabriel. Benjamin skillfully but brutally slaughters all but one of the British troops in front of his children. The survivor tells Tavington of the attack, which earns Benjamin the moniker of the \"Ghost\".\nGabriel rejoins the Continentals, and Benjamin soon follows and leaves the younger children in the care of Benjamin's sister-in-law, Charlotte. While they travel, they witness American forces under General Horatio Gates engaging the British at the Battle of Camden.\nBenjamin meets his former commanding officer, Colonel Harry Burwell, who appoints him as colonel to raise a militia unit because of his combat experience and places Gabriel under his father's command. Benjamin is tasked with weakening Lord Cornwallis's regiments by guerrilla warfare. French Major Jean Villeneuve helps train the militia and promises more French aid. Gabriel asks his father why Villeneuve and other militia often mention Fort Wilderness, and Benjamin finally tells him. While fighting in the British Army, Benjamin and his men discovered atrocities against British colonists by the French soldiers. Enraged, they caught up with the retreating French at Fort Wilderness and killed all but two of them. The survivors had to gather the heads of their comrades and present them to the Cherokee, which convinced the tribe to betray the French. Though regarded as a hero, Benjamin never forgave himself.\nBenjamin's militia ambushes many British patrols and supply caravans, including some of Cornwallis's personal effects and his two Great Danes, and burns bridges and ferries that Cornwallis needs. Cornwallis angrily blames Tavington for his setbacks but, after Benjamin uses what Cornwallis perceives as a dishonorable and embarrassing ploy to free 18 of the captured men, reluctantly allows Tavington to do everything possible to arrest Benjamin.\nWith the aid of Wilkin, a local Loyalist, Tavington has several militiamen's homes burned and their families executed. Benjamin's family flees Charlotte's plantation to live in a Gullah settlement with formerly enslaved residents. There, Gabriel marries his betrothed, Anne. Tavington's brigade raids Anne's town and assembles everyone in the parish church, including her parents and Anne herself, knowing that the town is secretly aiding the militia and demands the location of their camp. Despite one townsperson giving it away, Tavington has the doors barricaded and burns the church to the ground, killing everyone inside. Upon discovering the tragedy, Gabriel and several other soldiers attack Tavington's encampment, where Tavington kills Gabriel before he retreats. Benjamin mourns and contemplates desertion but sees the American flag he repaired, reminding him of his son's dedication.\nMartin's militia joins the Continental Army regiment and confronts Cornwallis's troops at the Battle of Cowpens. Benjamin and Tavington engage in personal combat. Tavington disarms and wounds Benjamin and prepares to deliver the coup de grâce. At the last second, Benjamin dodges the attack and impales Tavington twice, killing him. The battle becomes a Continental victory, and Cornwallis retreats.\nCornwallis is finally besieged at Yorktown, where he surrenders to the surrounding Continental Army and the French naval force. Afterward, Benjamin returns to his family and discovers that his former militia has rebuilt his homestead.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nMel Gibson as Captain/Colonel Benjamin Martin A veteran of the French and Indian War, the hero of the fictional Fort Wilderness, and the widowed father of seven children, he is based on a composite of historical characters including Thomas Sumter, Daniel Morgan, Nathanael Greene, Andrew Pickens, and Francis Marion.\nHeath Ledger as Corporal Gabriel Edward Martin Benjamin's eldest son and the husband of Anne Howard decides to join up with the Continental Army against his father's wishes.\nJoely Richardson as Charlotte Selton Benjamin's sister-in-law and later 2nd wife is the owner of a plantation that is burned down by the British. She looks after Benjamin's children while he is fighting; they eventually have a child together.\nJason Isaacs as Colonel William Tavington The heavily fictionized character is partly based on British Legion commander Banastre Tarleton.See discussion.\nChris Cooper as Colonel/Brigadier General Harry Burwell One of Benjamin's commanding officers in the French and Indian War and a colonel of the Continental Army. He fought in the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. He is based on Lieutenant Colonel Henry \"Light Horse Harry\" Lee.\nLisa Brenner as Anne Patricia Howard Gabriel's childhood friend and love interest later wife.\nGregory Smith as Thomas Martin Benjamin's second son, like Gabriel, is anxious to fight in the war, but Benjamin says he has to wait because of his age. He is shot and killed by Tavington when he protests Gabriel's arrest.\nTrevor Morgan as Nathan Martin Benjamin's third son, along with Samuel, helps around the plantation.\nBryan Chafin as Samuel Martin Benjamin's son is usually seen helping Nathan around the plantation.\nMika Boorem as Margaret \"Meg\" Martin Benjamin's older daughter is often seen taking care of her younger siblings.\nLogan Lerman as William Martin, Benjamin's fifth and youngest son.\nSkye McCole Bartusiak as Susan Martin The youngest of Benjamin's seven children who initially will not speak, which may be a post-traumatic reaction to the death of her mother, Elizabeth.\nTchéky Karyo as Major Jean Villeneuve A French officer who trains Martin's militia, he holds a grudge against Martin for his part in the French and Indian War, but they become close friends by the war's end. He serves as Martin's second in-command.\nRené Auberjonois as Reverend Oliver A minister of Pembroke who volunteers to fight with the militia.\nTom Wilkinson as Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Earl Cornwallis A general of the British army.\nDonal Logue as Dan Scott One of Benjamin's men who is a racist and bullies the former slave Occam but grows to befriend him.\nPeter Woodward as Brigadier General Charles O'Hara Cornwallis' second in-command.\nLeon Rippy as John Billings One of Benjamin's neighbors and oldest friends who joins the militia. He is one of the 18 captured men taken to Fort Carolina and later released by Benjamin.\nAdam Baldwin as Captain James Wilkins An officer in the Loyalist Colonial militia recruited by Captain Bordon.\nJamieson K. Price as Captain Bordon Tavington's second in-command.\nJay Arlen Jones as Occam A black slave who is forced to fight in his master's place.\nJoey D. Vieira as Peter Howard Anne Howard's father.\nZach Hanner as British field officer\nTerry Layman as General George Washington\nAndy Stahl as General Nathanael Greene\nGrahame Wood as a British lieutenant\n\n\n== Production ==\n\n\n=== Script ===\nScreenwriter Robert Rodat wrote seventeen drafts of the script before there was an acceptable one. In an early version, Anne is pregnant with Gabriel's child when she dies in the burning church. Rodat wrote the script with Gibson in mind for Benjamin Martin and gave the character six children to signal that preference to studio executives. After the birth of Gibson's seventh child, the script was changed so that Martin has seven children. Like the character William Wallace, which Gibson had portrayed in Braveheart five years earlier, Martin is a man who seeks to live his life in peace until revenge drives him to lead a cause against a national enemy after the life of an innocent family member is taken.\n\n\n=== Casting ===\nHarrison Ford turned down the lead role of Benjamin Martin because he considered the film \"too violent\" and that \"it boiled the American Revolution down to one guy wanting revenge.\" Gibson was paid a record salary of $25 million. Joshua Jackson, Elijah Wood, Jake Gyllenhaal, and Brad Renfro were considered to play Gabriel Martin. The producers and director narrowed their choices for the role of Gabriel to Ryan Phillippe and Heath Ledger, with the latter chosen because Emmerich thought he possessed \"exuberant youth.\"\n\n\n=== Filming ===\nThe film's German director Emmerich said \"these were characters I could relate to, and they were engaged in a conflict that had a significant outcome—the creation of the first modern democratic government.\"\nThe film was shot entirely on location in South Carolina, including Charleston, Rock Hill—for many of the battle scenes, and Lowrys—for the farm of Benjamin Martin, as well as nearby Fort Lawn. It was filmed on September 7, 1999, and ended on January 20, 2000. Other scenes were filmed at Mansfield Plantation, an antebellum rice plantation in Georgetown, Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, at the Cistern Yard on theThe film was shot entirely on location in South Carolina, including Charleston, Rock Hill -- for many of the battle scenes, and Lowrys -- for the farm of Benjamin Martin, as well as nearby Fort Lawn. Other scenes were filmed at Mansfield Plantation, an antebellum rice plantation in Georgetown, Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, at the Cistern Yard on the campus of College of Charleston, and Hightower Hall and Homestead House at Brattonsville, South Carolina, along with the grounds of the Brattonsville Plantation in McConnells, South Carolina. Producer Mark Gordon said the production team ``tried their best to be as authentic as possible ''because`` the backdrop was serious history,'' giving attention to details in period dress. Producer Dean Devlin and the film's costume designers examined actual Revolutionary War uniforms at the Smithsonian Institution prior to shooting.TheThe film was shot entirely on location in South Carolina, including Charleston, Rock Hill -- for many of the battle scenes, and Lowrys -- for the farm of Benjamin Martin, as well as nearby Fort Lawn. Other scenes were filmed at Mansfield Plantation, an antebellum rice plantation in Georgetown, Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, at the Cistern Yard on the campus of College of Charleston, and Hightower Hall and Homestead House at Brattonsville, South Carolina, along with the grounds of the Brattonsville Plantation in McConnells, South Carolina. Producer Mark Gordon said the production team ``tried their best to be as authentic as possible ''because`` the backdrop was serious history,'' giving attention to details in period dress. Producer Dean Devlin and the film's costume designers examined actual Revolutionary War uniforms at the Smithsonian Institution prior to shooting. 30, 2000. It received positive reviews from critics and grossed $215.3 million against a $110 million budget. The film generated controversy due to themes of anti-British sentiment and was criticized by historians over its fictionalized portrayal of British figures and atrocities.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, Benjamin Martin, a French and Indian War veteran and a widower with seven children, is called to Charlestown to vote in the South Carolina General Assembly on a levy supporting the Continental Army. Benjamin abstains, fearing war against Great Britain and not wanting to force others to fight when Benjamin himself will not do so, but the vote passes, and Benjamin's oldest son, Gabriel, joins the army against his father's wishes.\nFour years later, in 1780, Charlestown falls to the British Army, and a wounded Gabriel returns home carrying rebel dispatches. The Martins care for wounded British and American soldiers before British dragoons arrive, led by Colonel William Tavington. Tavington press gangs the Martins' African American former slaves into the army and tries to arrest",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": " either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society.\nThe remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. By theIn the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund BohIn the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685.\nThe Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Condé. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In which location within the state where the movie 'The Patriot' was shot did the Huguenot nobility establish their homes? | [
{
"id": 89632,
"question": "where did they film the movie the patriot",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 40480,
"question": "Where in #1 did Huguenot nobility settle?",
"answer": "Charleston Orange district",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| Charleston Orange district | []
| true | Where did Huguenot nobility settle in the state where the Patriot was filmed? |
3hop1__106042_64399_53006 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Al-Aqsa Mosque",
"paragraph_text": "Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى Al - Masjid al - 'Aqṣā, IPA: (ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsʕɑ) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash - Sharif (`` the Noble Sanctuary''), or the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al - Aqsa during the Night Journey. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba.Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى Al - Masjid al - 'Aq���ā, IPA: (��æl��mæsd����d æl������qs����) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash - Sharif (`` the Noble Sanctuary''), or the Temple Mount, the holiest site in Judaism. Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from the Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al - Aqsa during the Night Journey. Islamic tradition holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until the seventeenth month after the emigration, when God directed him to turn towards the Kaaba.Al - Aqsa Mosque (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى Al - Masjid al - 'Aq���ā, IPA: (��æl��mæsd����d æl������qs����) (listen), ``the Farthest Mosque ''), also known as Al - Aqsa and Bayt al - Maqdis, is the third holiest site in Islam and is located in the Old City of Jerusalem. Whilst the entire site on which the silver - domed mosque sits, along with the Dome of the Rock, seventeen gates, and four minarets, was itself historically known as the Al - Aqsa Mosque, today a narrower definition prevails, and the wider compound is usually referred to as al - Haram ash",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Vasilopita",
"paragraph_text": " of the family and any visitors present at the time, by order of age from eldest to youngest. Slices are also cut for various symbolic people or groups, depending on local and family tradition. They may include the Lord, St. Basil and other saints, the poor, the household, or the Kallikantzaroi. In older times, the coin often was a valuable one, such as a gold sovereign. Nowadays there is often a prearranged gift, money, or otherwise, to be given to the coin recipient.\nMany private or public institutions, such as societies, clubs, workplaces, companies, etc., cut their vasilopita at a convenient time between New Year's Day and the beginning of the Great Fast, in celebrations that range from impromptu potluck gatherings to formal receptions or balls.\nSaint Basil's Feast Day is observed on January 1, the beginning of the New Year and the Epiphany season known as the Vasilopita Observance.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nHasluck (1927) connects both the western and the eastern celebrations to the ancient Greek Kronia, the festival of Cronus, which involved selecting a \"king\" by lot, and then the Roman Saturnalia. The traditions surrounding vasilopita are very similar to western European celebrations of the Twelfth Night and Epiphany: the king cake of France and Louisiana and the tortell in Catalonia.\nNonetheless, in popular tradition, vasilopita is associated with a legend of Basil of Caesarea. According to one story, Basil called on the Roman citizens of Caesarea to raise a ransom payment to stop the siege of the city. Each member of the city gave whatever they had in gold and jewelry. When the ransom was raised, the enemy was so embarrassed by the act of collective giving that he called off the siege without collecting payment. Basil was then tasked with returning the unpaid ransom, but had no way to know which items belonged to which family so he baked all of the jewellery into loaves ofVasilopita (, \"Vasilópita\", lit. '(St.) Basil-pie' or 'king pie', see below) is a New Year's Day bread or cake in Greece and many other areas in eastern Europe and the Balkans which contains a hidden coin or trinket which gives good luck to the receiver, like the Western European king cake. It is associated with Saint Basil's day, January 1, in most of Greece, but in some regions, the traditions surrounding a cake with a hidden coin are attached to Epiphany or to Christmas. It is made of a variety of dough, depending on regional and family tradition, including tsoureki. In some families, instead of dough, it is made from a custard base called galatopita (literally milk-pita). The pie is also known as Chronópita (Χρονόπιτα χρόνος: \"chrónos ⇨ time/year\" + πίτα: \"píta ⇨ pie\"), meaning New Year's Pie.τα < ��ρόνος: chrónos �� time/year + πίτα: píta �� pie), meaning \"New Year's pie\".\nIn other areas of the Balkans, the tradition of cake with a hidden coin during winter holidays exists, but is not associated with Saint Basil at all. The practice is documented among Ukrainians (a pirog is cut); Romanians; Serbs (\"česnica\", eaten on Christmas); Albanians (\"pitta\", eaten by both Christians and Muslims); Bulgarians (pogacha, Novogodishna banitsa (for New Year's), Svety Vasileva pogacha); etc.\n\n\n== Ritual ==\nOn New Year's Day families cut the vasilopita to bless the house and bring good luck for the new year. This is usually done at the midnight of New Year's Eve. A coin is hidden in the bread by slipping it into the dough before baking. At midnight the sign of the cross is etched with a knife across the cake. A piece of cake is sliced for each member of the family and any visitors present at the time, by order of age from eldest to youngest. Slices are also cut for various symbolic people or groups, depending on local and family tradition. They may include the Lord, St. Basil and other saints, the poor, the household, or the Kallikantzaroi. In older times, the coin often was a valuable one, such as a gold sovereign. Nowadays there is often a prearranged gift, money, or otherwise, to be given to the coin recipient.\nMany private or public institutions, such as societies, clubs, workplaces, companies, etc., cut their vasilopita at a convenient time between New Year's Day and the beginning of the Great Fast, in celebrations that range from impromptu potluck gatherings to formal receptions or balls.\nSaint Basil's Feast Day is observed on January 1, the beginning of the New Year and the Epiphany season known as the Vasilopita Observance.\n\n\n== Origins ==\nHasluck (1927) connects both the western and the eastern celebrations to the ancient Greek Kronia, the festival of Cronus, which involved selecting a \"king\" by lot, and then the Roman Saturnalia. The traditions surrounding vasilopita are very similar to western European celebrations of the Twelfth Night and Epiphany: the king cake of France and Louisiana and the tortell in Catalonia.\nNonetheless, in popular tradition, vasilopita is associated with a legend of Basil of Caesarea. According to one",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Early centers of Christianity",
"paragraph_text": " literally means \"assembly\", \"gathering\", or \"congregation\" but is translated as \"church\" in most English translations of the New Testament.\nMany early Christians were merchants and others who had practical reasons for traveling to Asia Minor, Arabia, the Balkans, the Middle East, North Africa, and other regions. Over 40 such communities were established by the year 100, many in Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, such as the Seven churches of Asia. By the end of the first century, Christianity had already spread to Rome, Armenia, Greece, and Syria, serving as foundations for the expansive spread of Christianity, eventually throughout the world.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\n\n\n==== Second Temple Judaism ====\n\nChristianity originated as a minor sect within Second Temple Judaism, a form of Judaism named after the Second Temple built c.��516 BC after the Babylonian captivity. While the Persian Empire permitted Jews to return to their homeland of Judea, there was no longer a native Jewish monarchy. Instead, political power devolved to the high priest, who served as an intermediary between the Jewish people and the empire. This arrangement continued after the region was conquered by Alexander the Great (356–323 BC). After Alexander's death, the region was ruled by Ptolemaic Egypt (c.��301 – c.��200 BC) and then the Seleucid Empire (c.��200 – c.��142 BC). The anti-Jewish policies of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r.��175 – 164 BC) sparked the Maccabean Revolt in 167 BC, which culminated in the establishment of an independent Judea under the Hasmoneans, who ruled as kings and high priests. This independence would last until 63 BC when Judea became a client state of the Roman Empire.\nThe central tenets of Second Temple Judaism revolved around monotheism and the belief that Jews were a chosen people. As part of their covenant with God, Jews were obligated to obey the Torah. InThe Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ���κκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament.Early Christianity, otherwise called theThe Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ἐκκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament.olic Age and is followed by, and substantially overlaps with, the Patristic era.\nThe Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26–33, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a \"church\"—the Greek noun ���κκλησία (ekklesia) literally means \"assembly\", \"gathering\", or \"congregation\" but is translated as \"church\" in most English translations of the New Testament.\nMany early Christians were merchants and others who had practical reasons for traveling to Asia Minor, Arabia, the Balkans, the Middle East, North Africa, and other regions. Over 40 such communities were established by the year 100, many in Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, such as the Seven churches of Asia. By the end of the first century, Christianity had already spread to Rome, Armenia, Greece, and Syria, serving as foundations for the expansive spread of Christianity, eventually throughout the world.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\n\n\n==== Second Temple Judaism ====\n\nChristianity originated as a minor sect within Second Temple Judaism, a form of Judaism named after the Second Temple built c.��516 BC after the Babylonian captivity. While the Persian Empire permitted Jews to return to their homeland of Judea, there was no longer a native Jewish monarchy. Instead, political power devolved to the high priest, who served as an intermediary between the Jewish people and the empire. This arrangement continued after the region was conquered by Alexander the Great (356–323 BC). After Alexander's death, the region was ruled by Ptolemaic Egypt (c.��301 – c.��200 BC) and then the Seleucid Empire (c.��200 – c.��142 BC). The anti-Jewish policies of Antiochus IV Epiphanes (r.��175 – 164 BC) sparked the Maccabean Revolt in 167 BC, which culminated in the establishment of an independent Judea under the Hasmoneans, who ruled as kings and high priests. This independence would last until 63 BC when Judea became a client state of the Roman Empire.\nThe central tenets of Second Temple Judaism revolved around monotheism and the belief that Jews were a chosen people. As part of their covenant with God, Jews were obligated to obey the Torah. InThe Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26 -- 36, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church -- the Greek noun ���κκλησία literally means assembly, gathering, or congregation but is translated as church in most English translations of the New Testament.Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Christianity spread from the Levant, across the Roman Empire, and beyond. Originally, this progression was closely connected to already established Jewish centers in the Holy Land and the Jewish diaspora throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. The first followers of Christianity were Jews who had converted to the faith, i.e. Jewish Christians, as well as Phoenicians, i.e. Lebanese Christians. Early Christianity contains the Apostolic Age and is followed by, and substantially overlaps with, the Patristic era.\nThe Apostolic sees claim to have been founded by one or more of the apostles of Jesus, who are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem sometime after the crucifixion of Jesus, c. 26–33, perhaps following the Great Commission. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as house churches, but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a \"church\"—the Greek noun ���κκλησία (ekklesia) literally means \"assembly\", \"gathering\", or \"congregation\" but is translated",
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| What is the name of the prominent mosque that was built on the location of a former temple in the city where Christianity started, namely Rome, Egypt, Judea, and the nation associated with Vasilopita? | [
{
"id": 106042,
"question": "Which was the country for Vasilopita?",
"answer": "Greece",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 64399,
"question": "where did christianity originate rome egypt judea #1",
"answer": "Jerusalem",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 53006,
"question": "the great mosque constructed in #2 at the site of the old temple is the",
"answer": "Al - Aqsa Mosque",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| Al - Aqsa Mosque | [
"Al-Aqsa Mosque"
]
| true | What is the great mosque constructed at the site of the old temple in the city originating christianity in Rome, Egypt, Judea and the country for Vasilopita? |
2hop__82378_158266 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "List of countries by bauxite production",
"paragraph_text": "200 11 Greece 2,100 12 Guyana 1,800 13 Vietnam 1,000 14 Indonesia 500 Other Countries 4,760Rank Country / Region Bauxite (thousand tonnes) World 300,000 Australia 83,000 China 68,000 Guinea 45,000 Brazil 36,000 India 19,000 6 Jamaica 9,800 7 Kazakhstan 5,500 8 Russia 5,300 9 Suriname 2,700 10 Venezuela 2,200 11 Greece 2,100 12 Guyana 1,800 13 Vietnam 1,000 14 Indonesia 500 Other Countries 4,760This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n==Rank Country / Region Bauxite (thousand tonnes) World 300,000 Australia 83,000 China 68,000 Guinea 45,000 Brazil 36,000 India 19,000 6 Jamaica 9,800 7 Kazakhstan 5,500 8 Russia 5,300 9 Suriname 2,700 10 Venezuela 2,200 11 Greece 2,100 12 Guyana 1,800 13 Vietnam 1,000 14 Indonesia 500 Other Countries 4,760This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a list of countries by bauxite production in 2023. It exhibits certain changes from the geographical rankings of 2022.\n\n\n== Data ==\n\n\n== Citations ==This is a",
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Australia",
"paragraph_text": ".\nAustralia has a highly developed market economy and one of the highest per capita incomes globally. It is a middle power, and has the world's thirteenth-highest military expenditure. It is a member of international groups including the United Nations; the G20; the OECD; the World Trade Organization; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; the Pacific Islands Forum; the Pacific Community; the Commonwealth of Nations; and the defence and security organisations ANZUS, AUKUS, and the Five Eyes. It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe name Australia (pronounced in Australian English) is derived from the Latin Terra Australis (\"southern land\"), a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. Several 16th-century cartographers used the word Australia on maps, but not to identify modern Australia. When Europeans began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name Terra Australis was applied to the new territories.\nUntil the early 19th century, Australia was best known as New Holland, a name first applied by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman in 1644 (as Nieuw-Holland) and subsequently anglicised. Terra Australis still saw occasional usage, such as in scientific texts. The name Australia was popularised by the explorer Matthew Flinders, who said it was \"more agreeable to the ear, and an assimilation to the names of the other great portions of the Earth\". The first time that Australia appears to have been officially used was in April 1817, when Governor Lachlan Macquarie acknowledged the receipt of Flinders' charts of Australia from Lord Bathurst. In December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted. In 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially by that name. The first official published use of the new name came with the publication in 1830 of The Australia Directory by the Hydrographic Office.\nColloquial names for Australia include \"Oz\", \"Straya\" and \"Down Under\". Other epithets include \"the Great Southern Land\",Australian literature grew slowly in the decades following European settlement though Indigenous oral traditions, many of which have since been recorded in writing, are much older. 19th-century writers such as Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson captured the experience of the bush using a distinctive Australian vocabulary. Their works are still popular; Paterson's bush poem \"Waltzing Matilda\" (1895) is regarded as Australia's unofficial national anthem. Miles Franklin is the namesake of Australia's most prestigious literary prize, awarded annually to the best novel about Australian life. Its first recipient, Patrick White, went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973. Australian winners of the Booker Prize include Peter Carey, Thomas Keneally and Richard Flanagan. Author David Malouf, playwright David Williamson and poet Les Murray are also renowned literary figures.Many of Australia's performing arts companies receive funding through the federal government's Australia Council. There is a symphony orchestra in each state, and a national opera company, Opera Australia, well known for its famous soprano Joan Sutherland. At the beginning of the 20th century, Nellie Melba was one of the world's leading opera singers. Ballet and dance are represented by The Australian Ballet and various state companies. Each state has a publicly funded theatre company. gaining responsible government by 1890. The colonies federated in 1901, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. This continued a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942, and culminating in the Australia Acts of 1986.\nAustralia is a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states and ten territories: the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania, South Australia and Western Australia; the major mainland Australian Capital Territory and Northern Territory; and other minor or external territories. Its population of nearly 27 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Canberra is the nation's capital, while its most populous cities are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide, which each possess a population of at least one million inhabitants. Australian governments have promoted multiculturalism since the 1970s. Australia is culturally diverse and has one of the highest foreign-born populations in the world. Its abundant natural resources and well-developed international trade relations are crucial to the country's economy, which generates its income from various sources: predominantly services (including banking, real estate and international education) as well as mining, manufacturing and agriculture. It ranks highly for quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, civil liberties and political rights.\nAustralia has a highly developed market economy and one of the highest per capita incomes globally. It is a middle power, and has the world's thirteenth-highest military expenditure. It is a member of international groups including the United Nations; the G20; the OECD; the World Trade Organization; Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation; the Pacific Islands Forum; the Pacific Community; the Commonwealth of Nations; and the defence and security organisations ANZUS, AUKUS, and the Five Eyes. It is also a major non-NATO ally of the United States.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe name Australia (pronounced in Australian English) is derived from the Latin Terra Australis (\"southern land\"), a name used for a hypothetical continent in the Southern Hemisphere since ancient times. Several 16th-century cartographers used the word Australia on maps, but not to identify modern Australia. When Europeans began visiting and mapping Australia in the 17th century, the name Terra Australis was applied to the new territories.\nUntil the early 19th century, Australia was best known as New Holland, a name first applied by the Dutch explorer Abel Tas",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| What is the premier ballet company referred to in the country that leads in bauxite production? | [
{
"id": 82378,
"question": "where does most of the bauxite come from",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 158266,
"question": "Name one ballet company in #1 .",
"answer": "The Australian Ballet",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
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| The Australian Ballet | []
| true | The top ballet company in the top bauxite producing country is what? |
2hop__71715_50429 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": "State of Georgia Flag Seal Nickname (s): Peach State, Empire State of the South Motto (s): Wisdom, Justice, Moderation State song (s): ``Georgia on My Mind ''Official language English Spoken languages English, Spanish (7.42%) Demonym Georgian Capital (and largest city) Atlanta Largest metro Atlanta metropolitan area Area Ranked 24th Total 59,425 sq mi (153,909 km) Width 230 miles (370 km) Length 298 miles (480 km)% water 2.6 Latitude 30.356 -- 34.985 ° N Longitude 80.840 -- 85.605 ° W Population Ranked 8th Total 10,310,371 (2016 est.) Density 165 / sq mi (65.4 / km) Ranked 18th Median household income $50,768 (39th) Elevation Highest point Brasstown Bald 4,784 ft (1,458 m) Mean 600 ft (180 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood Province of Georgia Admission to Union January 2, 1788 (4th) Governor Nathan Deal (R) Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle (R) Legislature Georgia General Assembly Upper house State Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Johnny Isakson (R) David Perdue (R) U.S. House delegation 10 Republicans, 4 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 ISO 3166 US - GA Abbreviations GA, Ga. Website www.georgia.govState of Georgia Flag Seal Nickname (s): Peach State, Empire State of the South Motto (s): Wisdom, Justice, Moderation State song (s): ``Georgia on My Mind ''Official language English Spoken languages English, Spanish (7.42%) Demonym Georgian Capital (and largest city) Atlanta Largest metro Atlanta metropolitan area Area Ranked 24th Total 59,425 sq mi (153,909 km) Width 230 miles (370 km) Length 298 miles (480 km)% water 2.6 Latitude 30.356 -- 34.985 ° N Longitude 80.840 -- 85.605 ° W Population Ranked 8th Total 10,310,371 (2016 est.) Density 165 / sq mi (65.4 / km) Ranked 18th Median household income $50,768 (39th) Elevation Highest point Brasstown Bald 4,784 ft (1,458 m) Mean 600 ft (180 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood Province of Georgia Admission to Union January 2, 1788 (4th) Governor Nathan Deal (R) Lieutenant Governor Casey Cagle (R) Legislature Georgia General Assembly Upper house State Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Johnny Isakson (R) David Perdue (R) U.S. House delegation 10 Republicans, 4 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 ISO 3166 US - GA Abbreviations GA, Ga. Website www.georgia.govGeorgia, officially the State of Georgia, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the northwest, North Carolina to the north, South Carolina to the northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, Florida to the south, and Alabama to the west. Of the 50 United States, Georgia is the 24th-largest by area and 8th most populous. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, its 2023 estimated population was 11,029,227. Atlanta, a global city, is both the state's capital and its largest city. The Atlanta metropolitan area, with a population of more than 6.3 million people in 2023, is the 6th most populous metropolitan area in the United States and contains about 57% of Georgia's entire population. Other major metropolitan areas in the state include Augusta, Savannah, Columbus, and Macon.\nThe Province of Georgia was created in 1732 and first settled in 1733 with the founding of Savannah. Georgia became a British royal colony in 1752. It was the last and southernmost of the original Thirteen Colonies to be established. Named after King George II of Great Britain, the Georgia Colony covered the area from South Carolina south to Spanish Florida and west to French Louisiana at the Mississippi River. On January 2, 1788, Georgia became the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution. From 1802 to 1804, western Georgia was split to form the Mississippi Territory, which later was admitted as the U.S. states of Alabama and Mississippi. Georgia declared its secession from the Union on January 19, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 14,
"title": "The Dukes of Hazzard",
"paragraph_text": " everything in Hazzard County. Hogg is forever angry with the Dukes, especially Bo and Luke due to their habit of foiling his crooked schemes. Many episodes revolve around Hogg's attempts to engage in some such scheme, sometimes with the aid of hired criminal help.\nSome of these are get-rich-quick schemes, though many others affect the financial security of the Duke farm, which Hogg has long wanted to acquire for various reasons. Other times, Hogg hires criminals from out of town to do his dirty work for him, and he often tries to frame Bo and Luke as part of these plots. Bo and Luke always seem to stumble over Hogg's latest scheme, sometimes by curiosity, and often by sheer luck, and put it out of business. Despite the Dukes often coming to his rescue, Hogg never loses his irrational dislike of the clan, particularly Bo and Luke, often accusing them of spying on him, robbing or planning to rob him, or other nefarious actions.\nThe role of Boss Hogg was played by Sorrell Booke, who performed frequently on radio, stage, and film prior to his role in The Dukes of Hazzard. Boss Hogg is one of only two characters to appear in every episode of the series, the other being Uncle Jesse Duke. Daisy Duke appears in all but one episode (season 3's \"To Catch a Duke\").\nThe other main characters of the show include local mechanic Cooter Davenport (Ben Jones), who in early episodes was portrayed as a wild, unshaven rebel, often breaking or treading onThe Dukes of Hazzard follows the adventures of ``The Duke Boys, ''cousins Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat) (including Coy and Vance Duke for most of season 5), who live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia, with their attractive female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed (The) General Lee, evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy (s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of the various escapades and incidents that often occur in the area. Bo and Luke had previously been sentenced to probation for illegal transportation of moonshine; their Uncle Jesse made a plea bargain with the U.S. Government to refrain from distilling moonshine in exchange for Bo and Luke's freedom. As a result, Bo and Luke are on probation and not allowed to carry firearms -- instead, they often use compound bows, sometimes with arrows tipped with dynamite -- or to leave Hazzard County unless they get probation permission from their probation officer, Boss Hogg, although the exact details of their probation terms vary from episode to episode. Sometimes it is implied that they would be jailed for merely crossing the county line; on other occasions, it is shown that they may leave Hazzard, as long as they are back within a certain time limit. Several other technicalities of their probation also came into play at various times.TheThe Dukes of Hazzard follows the adventures of ``The Duke Boys, ''cousins Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat) (including Coy and Vance Duke for most of season 5), who live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia, with their attractive female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed (The) General Lee, evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy (s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of the various escapades and incidents that often occur in the area. Bo and Luke had previously been sentenced to probation for illegal transportation of moonshine; their Uncle Jesse made a plea bargain with the U.S. Government to refrain from distilling moonshine in exchange for Bo and Luke's freedom. As a result, Bo and Luke are on probation and not allowed to carry firearms -- instead, they often use compound bows, sometimes with arrows tipped with dynamite -- or to leave Hazzard County unless they get probation permission from their probation officer, Boss Hogg, although the exact details of their probation terms vary from episode to episode. Sometimes it is implied that they would be jailed for merely crossing the county line; on other occasions, it is shown that they may leave Hazzard, as long as they are back within a certain time limit. Several other technicalities of their probation also came into play at various times. most of season 5), who live on a family farm in fictional Hazzard County, Georgia (the exact location of which was never specified, though Atlanta was mentioned several times as the nearest big city), with their female cousin Daisy (Catherine Bach) and their wise old Uncle Jesse (Denver Pyle). The Duke boys race around in their customized 1969 Dodge Charger stock car, dubbed (The) General Lee, evading crooked and corrupt county commissioner Boss Hogg (Sorrell Booke) and his bumbling and corrupt Sheriff Rosco P. Coltrane (James Best) along with his deputy(s), and always managing to get caught in the middle of various local escapades and incidents.\nBo and Luke were previously sentenced to probation for illegal transportation of moonshine; their Uncle Jesse made a plea bargain with the U.S. Government to refrain from distilling moonshine in exchange for Bo and Luke's freedom. As a result, Bo and Luke are on probation and not allowed to carry firearms—instead, they often use compound bows, sometimes with arrows tipped with dynamite—or to leave Hazzard County unless they get probation permission from their probation officer, Boss Hogg. The exact details of their probation terms vary from episode to episode. Sometimes it is implied that they would be jailed for merely crossing the county line, or in other episodes the state line. On other occasions it is shown that they may leave Hazzard as long as they are back within a certain time limit. Several other technicalities of their probation also come into play at various times.\nCorrupt county commissioner Jefferson Davis (J. D.) \"Boss\" Hogg either runs, or has his fingers in, virtually everything in Hazzard County. Hogg is forever angry with the Dukes, especially Bo and Luke due to their habit of foiling his crooked schemes. Many episodes revolve around Hogg's attempts to engage in some such scheme, sometimes with the aid of hired criminal help.\nSome of these are get-rich-quick schemes, though many others affect the financial security of the Duke farm, which Hogg has long wanted to acquire for various reasons. Other times, Hogg hires criminals from out of town to do his dirty work for him, and he often tries to frame Bo and Luke as part of these plots. Bo and Luke always seem to stumble over Hogg's latest scheme, sometimes by curiosity, and often by sheer luck, and put it out of business. Despite the Dukes often coming to his rescue, Hogg never loses his irrational dislike of the clan, particularly Bo and Luke, often accusing them of spying on him, robbing or planning to rob him, or other nefarious actions.\nThe role of Boss Hogg was played by Sorrell Booke, who performed frequently on radio, stage",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What's the total number of inhabitants in the state where the Dukes of Hazzard setting is based? | [
{
"id": 71715,
"question": "dukes of hazzard took place in what state",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 50429,
"question": "what is the population of the state of #1",
"answer": "10,310,371 (2016 est.)",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| 10,310,371 (2016 est.) | []
| true | What is the population of the state where Dukes of Hazzard took place? |
3hop2__9951_20335_9331 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Thuringia",
"paragraph_text": ". The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of central Germany, covering 16,171 square kilometres (6,244 sq mi), the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million.\nErfurt is the capital and largest city. Other cities include Jena, Gera and Weimar. Thuringia is bordered by Bavaria, Hesse, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, and Saxony. It has been known as \"the green heart of Germany\" (das grüne Herz Deutschlands) from the late 19th century due to its broad, dense forest. Most of Thuringia is in the Saale drainage basin, a left-bank tributary of the Elbe.\nThuringia is home to the Rennsteig, Germany's best-known hiking trail. Its winter resort of Oberhof makes it a well-equipped winter sports destination – half of Germany's 136 Winter Olympic gold medals had been won by Thuringian athletes as of 2014. Thuringia was favoured by or was the birthplace of three key intellectuals and leaders in the arts: Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Friedrich Schiller. The state has the University of Jena, the Ilmenau University of Technology, the University of Erfurt, and the Bauhaus University of Weimar.\nThe Frankish Duchy of Thuringia was established around 631 AD by King Dagobert I. The modern state was established in 1920 by the Weimar Republic through a merger of the Ernestine duchies, save for Saxe-Coburg. After World War II, Thuringia came under the Soviet occupation zone in Allied-occupied Germany, and its borders were reformed, to become contiguous. Thuringia became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1949, but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms, and divided into the Districts of Erfurt, Suhl and Gera. Thuringia was re-established in 1990 following German reunification, slightly re-drawn, and became one of the new states of the Federal Republic of Germany.\n\n\n== Etymology and symbols ==\n\nSome reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously. Sebastian Bach, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Friedrich Schiller. The state has the University of Jena, the Ilmenau University of Technology, the University of Erfurt, and the Bauhaus University of Weimar.\nThe Frankish Duchy of Thuringia was established around 631 AD by King Dagobert I. The modern state was established in 1920 by the Weimar Republic through a merger of the Ernestine duchies, save for Saxe-Coburg. After World War II, Thuringia came under the Soviet occupation zone in Allied-occupied Germany, and its borders were reformed, to become contiguous. Thuringia became part of the German Democratic Republic in 1949, but was dissolved in 1952 during administrative reforms, and divided into the Districts of Erfurt, Suhl and Gera. Thuringia was re-established in 1990 following German reunification, slightly re-drawn, and became one ofSome reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; the Kingdom of Prussia also acquired some Thuringian territory and administered it within the Province of Saxony. The Thuringian duchies which became part of the German Empire in 1871 during the Prussian-led unification of Germany were Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and the two principalities of Reuss Elder Line and Reuss Younger Line. In 1920, after World War I, these small states merged into one state, called Thuringia; only Saxe-Coburg voted to join Bavaria instead. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. The coat of arms of this new state was simpler than they had been previously.Thuringia, officially the Free State of Thuringia, is a state of central Germany, covering 16,171 square kilometres (6,244 sq mi), the sixth smallest of the sixteen German states. It has a population of about 2.1 million.\nErfurt is the capital and largest city. Other cities include Jena,",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 13,
"title": "Szlachta",
"paragraph_text": " in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, princely titles were mostly inherited by descendants of old dynasties. During the three successive Partitions of Poland between 1772 and 1795, most of the szlachta began to lose legal privileges and social status, while szlachta elites became part of the nobilities of the three partitioning powers.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Etymology ===\nIn Polish, a nobleman is called a \"szlachcic\" and a noblewoman a \"szlachcianka\".\nThe Polish term szlachta derived from the Old High German word slahta. In modern German Geschlecht – which originally came from the Proto-Germanic *slagiz, \"blow\", \"strike\", and shares the Anglo-Saxon root for \"slaughter\", or the verb \"to slug\" – means \"breeding\" or \"gender\". Like many other Polish words pertaining to nobility, it derives from Germanic words: the Polish word for \"knight\" is rycerz, from the German Ritter, meaning \"rider\". The Polish word for \"coat of arms\" is herb from the German Erbe (\"heritage\").\n17th-century Poles assumed szlachta came from the German schlachten, \"to slaughter\" or \"to butcher\", and was therefore related to the German word for battle, Schlacht. Some early Polish historians thought the term might have derived from the name of the legendary proto-Polish chief, Lech, mentioned in Polish and Czech writings. The szlachta traced their descent from Lech, who allegedly founded the Polish kingdom in about the fifth century.:��482��\nThe Polish term szlachta designated the formalized, hereditary aristocracy of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which constituted the nation itself, and ruled without competition. In official Latin documents of the old Commonwealth, the hereditary szlachta were referred to as \"nobilitas\" from the Latin term, and could be compared in legal status to English or British peers of the realm, or to the ancient Roman idea of cives, \"citizen\". Until the second half of the 19th century, the Polish term obywatel (which now means \"citizen\") could be used as a synonym for szlachta landlords.\nToday the word szlachta simply translates as \"nobility\". In its broadest sense, it can also denote some non-Poland's nobility were also more numerous than those of all other European countries, constituting some 10–12% of the total population of historic Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also some 10–12% among ethnic Poles on ethnic Polish lands (part of Commonwealth), but up to 25% of all Poles worldwide (szlachta could dispose more of resources to travels and/or conquering), while in some poorer regions (e.g., Mazowsze, the area centred on Warsaw) nearly 30%. However, according to szlachta comprised around 8% of the total population in 1791 (up from 6.6% in the 16th century), and no more than 16% of the Roman Catholic (mostly ethnically Polish) population. It should be noted, though, that Polish szlachta usually incorporated most local nobility from the areas that were absorbed by Poland–Lithuania (Ruthenian boyars, Livonian nobles, etc.) By contrast, the nobilities of other European countries, except for Spain, amounted to a mere 1–3%, however the era of sovereign rules of Polish nobility ended earlier than in other countries (excluding France) yet in 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), since then their legitimation and future fate depended on legislature and procedures of Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia or Habsburg Monarchy. Gradually their privileges were under further limitations to be completely dissolved by March Constitution of Poland in 1921. judicial and financial governance, including tax-raising. The szlachta assumed various governing positions, including voivode, marshal of voivodeship, castellan, and starosta.\nIn 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, the existing Lithuanian and Ruthenian nobilities formally joined the szlachta.:��211�� As the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) evolved and expanded territorially after the Union of Lublin, its membership grew to include the leaders of Ducal Prussia and Livonia. Over time, membership in the szlachta grew to encompass around 8% to 15% of Polish-Lithuanian society, which made the membership an electorate that was several times larger than most noble classes in other countries; by contrast, nobles in Italy and France encompassed 1% during the early modern period.\nDespite often enormous differences in wealth and political influence, few distinctions in law existed between the great magnates and lesser szlachta. The juridic principle of szlachta equality existed because szlachta land titles",
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{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Near East",
"paragraph_text": " Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian territories, Syria, and Turkey\" with Afghanistan often included.\nIn 1997, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations defined the region similarly, but also included Afghanistan. The part of the region that is in Asia (ie., not including Egypt, the Balkans, and Thrace) is \"now commonly referred to as West Asia.\"\nSouth Asian countries, specifically Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, as well as the Central Asian countries, are included in the definition according to the department of Near Eastern studies at Princeton University.\n\n\n== Eastern question ==\n\nAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkans, north to the southern edge of the Great Hungarian Plain. But by 1914, the empire had lost all of its territories except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of nationalist Balkan states, which saw the independence of the Kingdom of Greece, Kingdom of Serbia, the Danubian Principalities, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria. Up until 1912, the Ottomans retained a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and the Adrianople Vilayet, whichIf the British Empire was now going to side with the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire had no choice but to cultivate a relationship with the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was supported by the German Empire. In a few years these alignments became the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance (already formed in 1882), which were in part a cause of World War I. By its end in 1918 three empires were gone, a fourth was about to fall to revolution, and two more, the British and French, were forced to yield in revolutions started under the aegis of their own ideologies. and was originally applied to the Ottoman Empire, but today has varying definitions within different academic circles. Historically, the term Near East was used in conjunction with the Middle East (Iran to Myanmar) and the Far East (China and beyond), together known as the \"three Easts\"; it was a separate term from the Middle East during earlier times and official British usage. Today, the terms Near East and Middle East are used interchangeably to refer to the same region. \nAccording to National Geographic, the terms Near East and Middle East",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which entity brought an end to the privileges in Poland of the empire that aligned with Britain against the Ottomans, the kingdom that obtained some territory in Thuringia in 1815, and the Habsburg Monarchy? | [
{
"id": 9951,
"question": "Who did the British Empire side with?",
"answer": "the Russian Empire",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 20335,
"question": "Which kingdom acquired some Thuringian territory?",
"answer": "the Kingdom of Prussia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 9331,
"question": "What dissolved the priveleges of #1 , #2 or Habsburg Monarchy?",
"answer": "March Constitution of Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
}
]
| March Constitution of Poland | [
"PL",
"POL",
"Poland"
]
| true | What dissolved the privileges in Poland of the empire that the British sided with against the Ottomans, the Kingdom that acquired some Thuringian territory in 1815, and the Habsburg Monarchy? |
3hop1__131102_39743_24526 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "North Carolina",
"paragraph_text": " granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution.\nOn November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the Confederate States of America. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on July 4, 1868. On December 17, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright successfully piloted the world's first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft at Kitty Hawk in North Carolina's Outer Banks. North Carolina often uses the slogan \"First in Flight\" on state license plates to commemorate this achievement, alongside a newer alternative design bearing the slogan \"First in Freedom\" in reference to the Mecklenburg Declaration and Halifax Resolves.\nNorth Carolina is defined by a wide range of elevations and landscapes. From west to east, North Carolina's elevation descends from the Appalachian Mountains to the Piedmont and Atlantic coastal plain. North Carolina's Mount Mitchell at 6,684 ft (2,037 m) is the highest point in North America east of theIn winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year.North Carolina ( KARR-ə-LY-nə) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia to the southwest, and Tennessee to the west. The state is the 28th-largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. Along with South Carolina, it makes up the Carolinas region of the East Coast. At the 2020 census, the state had a population of 10,439,388. Raleigh is the state's capital and Charlotte is its most populous city. The Charlotte metropolitan area, with an estimated population of 2,805,115 in 2023, is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 22nd-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. The Research Triangle, with an estimated population of 2,368,947 in 2023, is the second-most populous combined metropolitan area in the state, 31st-most populous in the United States, and is home to the largest research park in the United States, Research Triangle Park.\nThe earliest evidence of human occupation in North Carolina dates back 10,000 years, found at the Hardaway Site. North Carolina was inhabited by Carolina Algonquian, Iroquoian, and Siouan speaking tribes of Native Americans prior to the arrival of Europeans. King Charles II granted eight lord proprietors a colony they named Carolina after the king and which was established in 1670 with the first permanent settlement at Charles Town (Charleston). Because of the difficulty of governing the entire colony from Charles Town, the colony was eventually divided and North Carolina was established as a royal colony in 1729 and was one of the Thirteen Colonies. The Halifax Resolves resolution adopted by North Carolina on April 12, 1776, was the first formal call for independence from Great Britain among the American Colonies during the American Revolution.\nOn November 21, 1789, North Carolina became the 12th state to ratify the United States Constitution. In the run-up to the American Civil War, North Carolina reluctantly declared its secession from the Union on May 20, 1861, becoming the tenth of eleven states to join the Confederate States of America. Following the Civil War, the state was restored to the Union on July 4, In winter, the Piedmont is colder than the coast, with temperatures usually averaging in the upper 40s–lower 50s °F (8–12 °C) during the day and often dropping below the freezing point at night. The region averages around 3–5 in (8–13 cm) of snowfall annually in the Charlotte area, and slightly more north toward the Virginia border. The Piedmont is especially notorious for sleet and freezing rain. Freezing rain can be heavy enough to snarl traffic and break down trees and power lines. Annual precipitation and humidity are lower in the Piedmont than in the mountains or the coast, but even at its lowest, the average is 40 in (1,020 mm) per year., is the most populous metropolitan area in North Carolina, the 22nd-most populous in the United States, and the largest banking center in the nation after New York City. The Research Triangle, with an estimated population of ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "WUSH",
"paragraph_text": " a birthday cake, praying, seeing aWUSH is a country music formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Poquoson, Virginia, serving Hampton Roads. WUSH is owned and operated by Sinclair Telecable, Inc.AWUSH is a country music formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Poquoson, Virginia, serving Hampton Roads. WUSH is owned and operated by Sinclair Telecable, Inc. true\" or \"be granted\" are themes that are sometimes used.\n\n\n== Sociology ==\n\nSeveral cultures engage in customs that entail wish-granting, such as blowing out the candles on a birthday cake, praying, seeing aWUSH is a country music formatted broadcast radio station licensed to Poquoson, Virginia, serving Hampton Roads. WUSH is owned and operated by Sinclair Telecable, Inc.A wish is a hope or desire for something. In fiction, wishes can be used as plot devices. In folklore, opportunities for \"making a wish\" or for wishes to \"come true\" or \"be granted\" are themes that are sometimes used.\n\n\n== Sociology ==\n\nSeveral cultures engage in customs that entail wish-granting, such as blowing out the candles on a birthday cake, praying, seeing a shooting star at night, tossing a coin into a wishing well or fountain, breaking the wishbone of a cooked turkey, blowing a dandelion, or writing wishes on a ribbon or a sky lantern. Many believe such wishes can only come true if they are kept a secret from other people. Others, on the other hand",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Richmond, Virginia",
"paragraph_text": " city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.Richmond ( RITCH-mənd) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Incorporated in 1742, Richmond has been an independent city since 1871. The city's population in the 2020 census was 226,610, up from 204,214 in 2010, making it Virginia's fourth-most populous city. The Richmond metropolitan area, with over 1.3 million residents, is the Commonwealth's thirdRichmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River. 150 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west, and Mechanicsville to the northeast.\nRichmond was an important village in the Powhatan Confederacy and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. Founded in 1737, it replaced Williamsburg as the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick HenryRichmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.Richmond ( RITCH-mənd) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. Incorporated in 1742, Richmond has been an independent city since 1871. The city's population in the 2020 census was 226,610, up from 204,214 in 2010, making it Virginia's fourth-most populous city. The Richmond metropolitan area, with over 1.3 million residents, is the Commonwealth's third-most populous.\nRichmond is located at the James River's fall line, 44 mi (71 km) west of Williamsburg, 66 mi (106 km) east of Charlottesville, 91 mi (146 km) east of Lynchburg and 92 mi (148 km) south of Washington, D.C. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, Richmond is at the intersection of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 and encircled by Interstate 295, Virginia State Route 150 and Virginia State Route 288. Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Chesterfield to the south, Varina to the southeast, Sandston to the east, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west, and Mechanicsville to the northeast.\nRichmond was an important village in the Powhatan Confederacy and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611. Founded in 1737, it replaced Williamsburg as the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the Revolutionary War period, several notable events occurred in the city, including Patrick Henry's \"Give me liberty, or give me death!\" speech in 1775 at St. John's Church and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson. During the American Civil War, Richmond was the capital of the Confederate States of America. \nThe Jackson Ward neighborhood is the city's traditional hub of African American commerce and culture, once known as the \"Black Wall Street of America\" and the \"Harlem of the South.\" At the beginning of the 20th century, Richmond had one of the world's first successful electric streetcar systems.\nLaw, finance, and government primarily drive Richmond's economy. The downtown area is home to federal, state, and local governmental agencies as well as notable legal and banking firms. The greater metropolitan area includes several Fortune 500 companies: Performance Food Group, Altria, CarMax, Dominion Energy, Markel, Owens and Minor, Genworth Financial, and ARKO Corp. The city is home to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit and a Federal Reserve Bank (one of 13 such courts and one of 12 such banks). It is the home of the influential Music/Art group GWAR.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Colonial era ===\n\nAfter the first permanent English-speaking settlement was established at Jamestown, Virginia, in April 1607, Captain Christopher Newport led explorers northwest up the James River to an inhabited area in the Powhatan Nation.\nRichmond was Arrohattoc territory where Arrohateck village was located. However, as time progressed relations between the Arrohattocs and English colonists declined, and by 1609 the tribe was unwilling to trade with the settlers. As the population began to dwindle, the tribe declined and was last mentioned in a 1610 report by the visiting William Strachey. By 1611 the tribe's Henrico town was found to be deserted when Sir Thomas Dale went to use the land to found Henricus \nIn 1611, the first European settlement in Central Virginia was established at Henricus, where the Falling Creek empties into the James River. In 1619, early Virginia Company settlers established the Falling Creek Ironworks there. Decades of conflicts between the Powhatan and the settlers followed, including the Battle of Bloody Run, fought near Richmond in 1656, after tensions arose from an influx of Manahoacs and Nahyssans from the North. Nonetheless, the James Falls area saw more White settlement in the late 1600s and early 1700s.\nIn early 1737, planter William Byrd II commissioned Major William Mayo to lay out the original town grid, completed in April. Byrd named the city after the English town of Richmond near (and now part of) London, because the view of the James River's bend at the fall line was similar to that of the River Thames from Richmond Hill, named after Henry VII's ancestral home in Richmond, North Yorkshire. In 1742, the settlement was incorporated as a town.\n\n\n=== American Revolution ===\n\nIn 1775, Patrick Henry delivered his famous \"Give me liberty, or give me death\" speech in Richmond's St. John's Church, greatly influencing Virginia's participation in the First Continental Congress and the course of the American Revolution. On April 18, 1780, the state capital was moved from Williamsburg to Richmond, providing a more centralized location for Virginia's increasing western population and theoretically isolating the capital from a British attack from the coast. In 1781, Loyalist troops led by Benedict Arnold led a raid on Richmond and burnt it, leading Governor Thomas Jefferson to flee while the Virginia militia, led by Sampson Mathews, unsuccessfully defended the city.\n\n\n=== Early United States ===\nRichmond recovered quickly from the war, thriving within a year of its burning. In 1786, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, drafted by Thomas Jefferson, was enacted, separating church and state and advancing the legal principle for freedom of religion in the United States. In 178",
"is_supporting": true
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]
| What's the typical temperature during the day in winter in the area that includes Richmond, within the state where WUSH is operational? | [
{
"id": 131102,
"question": "What state is WUSH located?",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 39743,
"question": "In which of #1 's regions is Richmond?",
"answer": "Piedmont",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 24526,
"question": "What is the average winter daytime temperature in the #2 ?",
"answer": "upper 40s–lower 50s °F",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| upper 40s–lower 50s °F | []
| true | What is the average winter daytime temperature in the region containing Richmond, in the state where WUSH operates? |
2hop__130867_54221 | [
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Narraguagus Jr/Sr High School",
"paragraph_text": " a variety of courses focusing on college preparation, vocational education and career technology.\nCourses\n\nAdvanced Placement: English, Statistics, U.S. History\nHonors: English, Algebra I & II, Geometry, Calculus, Chemistry, Physics, Women Writers\nVocational & Career Technology: Auto & Diesel Technology, Building Trades, Criminal Justice, Culinary Arts, Entrepreneurship, Marine Technology, Marketing, Microsoft for Business\n\n\n== Athletics ==\nNarraguagus is a member of the Maine Principals' Association.\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nKatie Aselton (Miss Maine Teen USA, actress)\n\n\n== References ==Narraguagus Jr/Sr High School is a regional secondary school in Harrington, Maine, United States providing education to the communities of Addison, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Harrington, and Milbridge. The school is operated by Maine School Administrative District 37 and is named for the Narraguagus River, which flows through the towns of Cherryfield and Milbridge.\nThe school has 300 students in grades 7–12. The school is 96.4% white, and 3.6% other ethnicities as of a 2005 census. There are six special education teachers, and 24 other teachers, creating an average of 12 students per teacher.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nNarraguagus offers a variety of courses focusing on college preparation, vocational education and career technology.\nCourses\n\nAdvanced Placement: English, Statistics, U.S. History\nHonors: English, Algebra I & II, Geometry, Calculus, Chemistry, Physics, Women Writers\nVocational & Career Technology: Auto & Diesel Technology, Building Trades, Criminal Justice, Culinary Arts, Entrepreneurship, Marine Technology, Marketing, Microsoft for Business\n\n\n== Athletics ==\nNarraguagus is a member of the Maine Principals' Association.\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nKatie Aselton (Miss Maine Teen USA, actress)\n\n\n== References ==Narraguagus Jr/Sr High School is a regional secondary school in Harrington, Maine, United States providing education to the communities of Addison, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Harrington, and Milbridge. The school is operated by Maine School Administrative District 37 and is named for the Narraguagus River, which flows through the towns of Cherryfield and Milbridge.\nThe school has 300 students in grades 7–12. The school is 96.4% white, and 3.6% other ethnicities as of a 2005 census. There are six special education teachers, and 24 other teachers, creating an average of 12 students per teacher.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nNarraguagus offers a variety of courses focusing on college preparation, vocational education and career technology.\nCourses\n\nAdvanced Placement: English, Statistics, U.S. History\nHonors: English, Algebra I & II, Geometry, Calculus, Chemistry, Physics, Women Writers\nVocational & Career Technology: Auto & Diesel Technology, Building Trades, Criminal Justice, Culinary Arts, Entrepreneurship, Marine Technology, Marketing, Microsoft for Business\n\n\n== Athletics ==\nNarraguagus is a member of the Maine Principals' Association.\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nKatie Aselton (Miss Maine Teen USA, actress)\n\n\n== References ==Narraguagus Jr/Sr High School is a regional secondary school in Harrington, Maine, United States providing education to the communities of Addison, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Harrington, and Milbridge. The school is operated by Maine School Administrative District 37 and is named for the Narraguagus River, which flows through the towns of Cherryfield and Milbridge.\nThe school has 300 students in grades 7–12. The school is 96.4% white, and 3.6% other ethnicities as ofNarraguagus Jr/Sr High School is a regional secondary school in Harrington, Maine providing education to the communities of Addison, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Harrington, and Milbridge. The school is operated by Maine School Administrative District 37 and is named for the Narraguagus River, which flows through the towns of Cherryfield and Milbridge.NNarraguagus Jr/Sr High School is a regional secondary school in Harrington, Maine providing education to the communities of Addison, Cherryfield, Columbia, Columbia Falls, Harrington, and Milbridge. The school is operated by Maine School Administrative District 37 and is named for the Narraguagus River, which flows through the towns of Cherryfield and Milbridge. Milbridge.\nThe school has 300 students in grades 7–12. The",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Alcohol laws of Maine",
"paragraph_text": " and review of the performance and operational activities of the Maine Bureau of Alcoholic BeveragesAlcohol may be sold between the hours of 5am and 1am each day of the week. On New Year's Day, alcohol may be sold until 2 a.m. Maine is supervised by the State Liquor and Lottery Commission. The Commission consists of five members appointed by the Governor of Maine and confirmed by the Maine Legislature. They meet monthly to provide public oversight and review of the performance and operational activities of the Maine Bureau of Alcoholic Beverages and Lottery Operations (BABLO).\nBABLO is responsible for regulating the business practices of the alcohol industry, for creating a favorable economic climate for the industry, and for prohibiting sales to minors. They also lease the State monopoly on the warehousing and distribution of distilled spirits and fortified wines; the lease was held by the Maine Beverage Company, which signed a 10-year lease in 2004. A new 10-year lease was awarded to Maine Beverage Company's subcontractor, Pine State Trading Co, that took effect on July 1, 2014. It is expected by officials that the new lease, designed to generate money to pay debt owed to Maine hospitals, will allow prices to be reduced on popular spirits. This is an attempt to prevent the loss of sales to New Hampshire, which has lower prices and no sales tax.\nThe Maine Department of Public Safety, through the Maine State Police's Liquor and Licensing Division, is responsible for licensing",
"is_supporting": true
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| When does the sale of alcohol commence in the state where Narraguagus High School is situated? | [
{
"id": 130867,
"question": "What state is Narraguagus High School located?",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 54221,
"question": "how early can you buy alcohol in #1",
"answer": "5am",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| 5am | []
| true | What time of day can you start purchasing alcohol in the state that includes Narraguagus High School? |
2hop__23297_23366 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "ertsa region) followed. The Soviets used concern for ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians as a pretext for their invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, since it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence that had been agreed with the Axis.\nThe territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union following the 1939 Soviet invasion east of the Curzon line remained in the Soviet Union after the war and are now in Ukraine and Belarus. Vilnius was given to Lithuania. Only Podlaskie and a small part of Galicia east of the San River, around Przemyśl, were returned to Poland. Of all the other territories annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939–1940, those detached from Finland (Western Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Estonian Ingria and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remain part of Russia, the successor state to the Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The territories annexed from Romania were also integrated into the Soviet Union (such as the Moldavian SSR, or oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR). The core of Bessarabia now forms Moldova. Northern Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region now form the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine. Southern Bessarabia is part of the Odessa Oblast, which is also now in Ukraine.\nThe pact was terminated on 22 June 1941, when Germany launched Operation Barbarossa and invaded the Soviet Union, in pursuit of the ideological goal of Lebensraum. The Anglo-Soviet Agreement succeeded it. After the war, Ribbentrop was convicted of war crimes at the Nuremberg trials and executed. Molotov died in 1986.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nThe outcome of World War I was disastrous for both the German and the Russian empires. The Russian Civil War broke out in late 1917 after the Bolshevik Revolution and Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the new Soviet Russia, recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to agree to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded many western Russian territories to Germany. After the German collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the civil war (1917–1922).\nOn 16 April 1922, the German Weimar Republic and the Soviet Union agreed to the Treaty of Rapallo in which they renounced territorial and financial claims against each other. Each party also pledged neutrality in the event of an attack against the other with the Treaty of Berlin (1926). Trade between the two countries had fallen sharply after World War I, but trade agreements signed in the mid-1920s helped to increase trade to 433 million �������� per year by 1927.\nAt the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union, along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered \"Untermenschen\" (subhuman) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the antisemitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by \"Jewish Bolshevik\" masters. Hitler had spoken of an inevitable battle for the acquisition of land for Germany in the east. The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused a dramatic decline in German–Soviet trade. Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million �������� in 1934 by the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserting power and by the abandonment of postwar Treaty of Versailles military controls, both of which decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.\nIn 1935 Germany, after a previous German–Polish declaration of non-aggression, through Hermann Goring proposed a military alliance with Poland against the Soviet Union, but this was rejected.\nIn 1936, Germany and Fascist Italy supported the Spanish Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War, but the Soviets supported the Spanish Republic. Thus, the Spanish Civil War became a proxy war between Germany and the Soviet Union. In 1936, Germany and Japan entered the Anti-Comintern Pact. and they were joined a year later by Italy.\nOn 31 March 1939, Britain extended a guarantee to Poland that \"if any action clearly threatened Polish independence, and if the Poles felt it vital to resist such action by force, Britain would come to their aid\". Hitler was furious since that meant that the British were committed to political interests in Europe and that his land grabs such as the takeover of Czechoslovakia would no longer be taken lightly. His response to the political checkmate would later be heard at a rally in Wilhelmshaven: \"No power on earth would be able to break German might, and if the Western Allies thought Germany would stand by while they marshalled their 'satellite states' to act in their interests, then they were sorely mistaken\". Ultimately, Hitler's discontent with a British-Polish alliance led to a restructuring of strategy towards Moscow. Alfred Rosenberg wrote that he had spoken to HermannThe stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially theThe stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis. to the publicly announced stipulations of non-aggression for the next 10 years, the treaty included the Secret Protocol, which defined the borders of Soviet and German spheres of influence across Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. The secret protocol also recognized the interest of Lithuania in the Vilnius region, and Germany declared its complete uninterest in Bessarabia. In the west, rumoured existence of the Secret Protocol was proven only when it was made public during the Nuremberg trials.\nSoon after the pact, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, one day after a Soviet–Japanese ceasefire came into effect after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was",
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": " came into effect after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In March 1940, parts of the Karelia and Salla regions in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Winter War. The Soviet annexation of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region) followed. The Soviets used concern for ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians as a pretext for their invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, since it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence that had been agreed with the Axis.\nThe territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union following theIn an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. Stalin felt that there was a growing split in German circles about whether Germany should initiate a war with the Soviet Union. Stalin did not know that Hitler had been secretly discussing an invasion of the Soviet Union since summer 1940, and that Hitler had ordered his military in late 1940 to prepare for war in the east regardless of the parties' talks of a potential Soviet entry as a fourth Axis Power. to the publicly announced stipulations of non-aggression for the next 10 years, the treaty included the Secret Protocol, which defined the borders of Soviet and German spheres of influence across Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. The secret protocol also recognized the interest of Lithuania in the Vilnius region, and Germany declared its complete uninterest in Bessarabia. In the west, rumoured existence of the Secret Protocol was proven only when it was made public during the Nuremberg trials.\nSoon after the pact, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, one day after a Soviet–Japanese ceasefire came into effect after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In March 1940, parts of the Karelia and Salla regions in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Winter War. The Soviet annexation of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region) followed. The Soviets used concern for ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians as a pretext for their invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, since it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence that had been agreed with the Axis.\nThe territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union following the 1939 Soviet invasion east of the Curzon line remained in the",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What prompted the leader who initially agreed to the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact to violate it through the invasion of Bukovina? | [
{
"id": 23297,
"question": "Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?",
"answer": "Stalin",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 23366,
"question": "Why did #1 sign the pact?",
"answer": "reinforce a public affection for Germany",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| reinforce a public affection for Germany | [
"Germany",
"de",
"GER"
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| true | Why did the leader who broke the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact by invading Bukovina first sign it? |
4hop1__58323_375563_161848_53331 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Capital punishment in New Zealand",
"paragraph_text": "Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.Capital punishment in New Zealand first appeared in a codified form when it became a British territory in 1840, and was first employed in 1842. It was last used in 1957, abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished altogether, including for treason, in 1989. During the period that it was in effect, 85 people were executed.Capital punishment – the process of sentencing convicted offenders to death for the most serious crimes (capital crimes) and carrying out that sentence, as ordered by a legal system – first appeared in New Zealand in a codified form when New Zealand became a British colony in 1840. It was first carried out with a public hanging in Victoria Street, Auckland in 1842, while the last execution occurred in 1957 at Mount Eden Prison, also in Auckland. In total, 85 people have been lawfully executed in New Zealand.\nCapital punishment was first abolished for murder in 1941 by the First Labour Government, with all death sentences commuted to life imprisonment. However, the succeeding First National Government reinstated it in 1949, following which eight more executions took place in the period up to 1957. Subsequently, public opinion turned against the use of capital punishment, and it was once again abolished for murder in 1961, and abolished for all crimes, including treason, in 1989.\n\n\n== Method ==\nThe method of execution was always by hanging. At first, there were many possible execution sites all around the country, but later, the only two cities where hangings were carried out were Wellington (the capital) and Auckland",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 5,
"title": "1952 Winter Olympics",
"paragraph_text": " Helsinki is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held. With London hosting the 1948 Olympics, 1952 is the most recent time when two consecutive summer Olympic Games were held entirely in Europe. The 1952 Summer Olympics was the last of the two consecutive Olympics to be held in Northern Europe, following the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.\nThey were also the Olympic Games at which the most world records were broken until they were surpassed by the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing. The Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Thailand, and Saarland made their Olympic debuts at the 1952 Games. The United States won the most gold and overall medals at these Games.\n\n\n== Background and preparation of the Games ==\n\n\n=== Host city selection ===\n\nInspired by the success of the Swedish 1912 Olympics, Finnish sports fans began to arouse the idea of their own Olympic Games: for example, Erik von Frenckell publicly presented his dreams of the Finnish Olympic Games at the opening of the 1915 Töölön Pallokenttä.\nAs the Olympic success continued in the 1920s, enthusiasm for one's own Olympics grew, and after the 1920 Antwerp Olympics, Finnish sports leaders began planning to build a stadium in Helsinki in 1920. Finland's main sports organizations and the City of Helsinki founded the Stadion Foundation in 1927 to get the stadium to Helsinki. In the same year, Ernst Edvard Krogius, who represented Finland on the International Olympic Committee (IOCThirty nations sent competitors, which was the highest number of participants at a Winter Games. New Zealand and Portugal took part in the Winter Olympic Games for the first time. Australia, Germany, and Japan returned after a 16-year absence. South Korea, Liechtenstein, and Turkey competed in 1948 but did not participate in the 1952 Games.1952 in Helsinki, Finland.\nAfter Japan declared in 1938 that it would be unable to host the 1940 Olympics in Tokyo due to the ongoing Second Sino-Japanese War, Helsinki had been selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were then cancelled due to World War II. Tokyo eventually hosted the games in 1964. Helsinki is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held. With London hosting the 1948 Olympics, 1952 is the most recent time when two consecutive summer Olympic Games were held entirely in Europe. The 1952 Summer Olympics was the last of the two consecutive Olympics to be held in Northern Europe, following the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway.\nThey were also the Olympic Games at which the most world records were broken until they were surpassed by the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing. The Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Israel, Thailand, and Saarland made their Olympic debuts at the 1952 Games. The United States won the most gold and overall medals at these Games.\n\n\n== Background and preparation of the Games ==\n\n\n=== Host city selection ===\n\nInspired",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 10,
"title": "The Messenger (Zusak novel)",
"paragraph_text": " he stops a robbery and receives a playing card in the mail.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe protagonist is Ed Kennedy, an uninspired 19-year old Australian taxi driver. Ed laments his mediocre life and strained relationship with his mother, as his father died recently and left Ed with only his dog, the Doorman, but does nothing to improve his situation, instead preferring to continue living alone and playing cards every week with his friends: Ritchie, who is unemployed and generally apathetic about life; Marv, a stingy carpenter; and Audrey, a fellow taxi driver whom Ed is in love with, although she does not reciprocate. After accidentally foiling a robbery he is proclaimed a hero by the public, though the robber leaves him a warning that Ed is \"a dead man\" before being taken away by police.\nOne night, he receives a small unmarked envelope, inside of which is an Ace of Diamonds with three addresses and times of day written on them. His friends deny involvement, so Ed investigates the three addresses. Ed arrives at the first address at midnight, and witnesses a man raping his wife while their daughter cries on the porch. The second corresponds to a senile widow named MillaThe Messenger is a 2002 Novel by Markus Zusak, and winner of the 2003 Children's Book Council of Australia Book of the Year Award.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "The Book Thief (film)",
"paragraph_text": "The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.The Book Thief is a 2013 World War II war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel The Book Thief by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind - hearted foster father, the girl begins ``borrowing ''books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar - winning composer John Williams.The Book Thief is a 2013 war drama film directed by Brian Percival and starring Geoffrey Rush, Emily Watson, and Sophie Nélisse. The film is based on the 2005 novel of the same name by Markus Zusak and adapted by Michael Petroni. The film is about a young girl living with her adoptive German family during the Nazi era. Taught to read by her kind-hearted foster father, the girl begins \"borrowing\" books and sharing them with the Jewish refugee being sheltered by her foster parents in their home. The film features a musical score by Oscar-winning composer John Williams.\nThe Book Thief premiered at the Mill Valley Film Festival on October 3, 2013, and was released for general distribution in the United States on November 8, 2013. The film received mixed reviews upon its theatrical release with some reviewers praising its \"fresher perspective on the war\" and its focus on the \"consistent thread of humanity\" in the story, with other critics faulting the film's \"wishful narrative\". With a budget of $19 million, the film was successful at the box office, earning over $76 million.\nThe Book Thief received Oscar, Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for its score. For her performance in the film, Sophie Nélisse won the Hollywood Film Festival Spotlight Award, the Satellite Newcomer Award, and the Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Performance by a Youth in a Lead or Supporting Role – Female. The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 11, 2014.\n\n\n== Plot ==\n\nIn February 1938, Death tells how a young girl called Liesel Meminger had piqued his interest. In one of the opening scenes, Liesel steals her first book, titled The Grave Digger's Handbook, after her brothers death, when it falls out of the gravedigger's pocket. She meets her new foster parents Rosa Hubermann and Hans Hubermann in Munich. She impresses Rudy Steiner, a boy who lives next door, and they become fast friends.\nThey become members of the Hitler Youth movement. At a Nazi book burning ceremony, she grabs a book that has been only singed. She is seen by Ilsa Hermann, wife of the Burgermeister (mayor). Ilsa takes her into their library and tells Liesel she can come by anytime and read as much as she'd like. One day Liesel is found reading by the mayor, who not only puts a stop to her visits but dismisses Rosa as their laundress.\nDuring Kristallnacht, Max Vandenberg was forced to escape by his mother. Max's father had saved Hans' life in World War I, and hence he goes to the Hubermanns' house, where Rosa and Hans give him shelter. Max initially stays in Liesel's room while recovering from his trip, and they begin to become friends over their mutual hatred of Hitler. World War II begins, initially making most of the children in Liesel's neighborhood very happy. Max is moved to the basement so that he can move around more, but it is cold and he becomes dangerously ill. Liesel helps him recover by reading to him at every spare moment books \"borrowed\" from the mayor's library.\nOne day while \"borrowing\" a book from the mayor's home, Liesel is followed by Rudy. He discovers the secret of Max, whose name he reads on a journal Max gave to Liesel for Christmas. Rudy guesses that her family is hiding someone, and he swears to never",
"is_supporting": true
}
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| When did the nation neighboring the homeland of The Book Thief author do away with capital punishment? | [
{
"id": 58323,
"question": "who wrote the book thief soon to appear as a film",
"answer": "Markus Zusak",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 375563,
"question": "#1 >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Australia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
},
{
"id": 161848,
"question": "What country located near #2 was a first time participant in these games?",
"answer": "New Zealand",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 53331,
"question": "when was death penalty abolished in #3",
"answer": "1989",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| 1989 | []
| true | When was the death penalty abolished in the country near the country where the writer of The Book Thief is a citizen of? |
3hop2__76873_69814_64554 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "History of Germany (1945–1990)",
"paragraph_text": ".\nFollowing the collapse of the Third Reich in 1945 and its defeat in World War II, Germany was stripped of its territorial gains. Beyond that, more than a quarter of its old pre-war territory was annexed by communist Poland and the Soviet Union. The German populations of these areas were expelled to the west. Saarland was a French protectorate from 1947 to 1956 without the recognition of the \"Four Powers\", because the Soviet Union opposed it, making it a disputed territory.\nAt the end of World War II, there were some eight million foreign displaced people in Germany, mainly forced laborers and prisoners. This included around 400,000 survivors of the Nazi concentration camp system, where many times more had died from starvation, harsh conditions, murder, or being worked to death. Between 1944 and 1950, some 12 to 14 million German-speaking refugees and expellees arrived in Western and central Germany from the former eastern territories and other countries in Eastern Europe; an estimated two million of them died on the way there. Some nine million Germans were prisoners of war.\nWith the beginning of the Cold War, the remaining territory of Germany was divided between the Western Bloc led by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc led by the USSR. Two separate German countries emerged:\n\nthe Federal Republic of Germany, established on 23 May 1949, commonly known as West Germany, was a parliamentary democracy with an social democratic economic system and free churches and labor unions;\nthe German Democratic Republic, established on 7 October 1949, commonly known as East Germany, was a Marxist–Leninist socialist republic with its leadership dominated by the Soviet-aligned Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).\nUnder Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, West Germany built strong relationships with France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Israel. West Germany also joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Economic Community. East Germany's economy, centrally planned in the Soviet style, grew increasingly stagnant; the East German secret police tightly controlled daily life, and the Berlin Wall (1961) ended the steady flow of refugees to the West. The country was reunited on 3 October 1990, following the decline and fall of the SED as the ruling party of East Germany and the Peaceful Revolution there.\n\n\n== Division of Germany ==\n\n\n=== Four military occupied zones ===\n\nAt the Potsdam Conference (17 July to 2 August 1945), after Germany's unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945, the Allies officially divided Germany into the four military occupation zones — France in the southwest, the United Kingdom in the northwest, the United States in the south, and the Soviet Union in the east, bounded on the east by the new Poland-Germany border on the Oder-Neisse line. At Potsdam, these four zones in total were denoted as 'Germany as a whole', and the four Allied Powers exercised the sovereign authority they now claimed over Germany in agreeing 'in principle' to the ceding of territory of the former German Reich east of 'Germany as a whole' to Poland and the Soviet Union. \nIn addition, under the Allies' Berlin Declaration (1945), the territory of the extinguished German Reich was to be treated as the land area within its borders as of 31 December 1937. All land expansion from 1938 to 1945 was hence treated as automatically invalid, including Eupen-Malmedy, Alsace-Lorraine, Austria, Lower Styria, Upper Carniola, Southern Carinthia, Bohemia, Moravia, Czech Silesia, Danzig, Poland, and Memel.\n\n\n=== Flight and expulsion of ethnic Germans ===\n\nThe northern half of East Prussia in the region of Königsberg was administratively assigned by the Potsdam Agreement to the Soviet UnionThe Cold War divided Germany between the Allies in the west and Soviets in the east. Germans had little voice in government until 1949 when two states emerged:TheThe Cold War divided Germany between the Allies in the west and Soviets in the east. Germans had little voice in government until 1949 when two states emerged: the German Reich and Allied-occupied period in Germany on 5 June 1945, and ended with the German reunification on 3 October 1990.\nFollowing the collapse of the Third Reich in 1945 and its defeat in World War II, Germany was stripped of its territorial gains. Beyond that, more than a quarter of its old pre-war territory was annexed by communist Poland and the Soviet Union. The German populations of these areas were expelled to the west. Saarland was a French protectorate from 1947 to 1956 without the recognition of the \"Four Powers\", because the Soviet Union opposed it, making it a disputed territory.\nAt the end of World War II, there were some eight million foreign displaced people in Germany, mainly forced laborers and prisoners. This included around 400,000 survivors of the Nazi concentration camp system, where many times more had died from starvation, harsh conditions, murder, or being worked to death. Between 1944 and 1950, some 12 to 14 million German-speaking refugees and expellees arrived in Western and central Germany from the former eastern territories and other countries in Eastern Europe; an estimated two million of them died on the way there. Some nine million Germans were prisoners of war.\nWith the beginning of the Cold War, the remaining territory of Germany was divided between the Western Bloc led by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc led by the USSR. Two separate German countries emerged:\n\nthe Federal Republic of Germany, established on 23 May 1949, commonly known as West Germany, was a parliamentary democracy with an social democratic economic system and free churches and labor unions;\nthe German Democratic Republic, established on 7 October 1949, commonly known as East Germany, was a Marxist–Leninist socialist republic with its leadership dominated by the Soviet-aligned Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).\nUnder Chancellor Konrad Adenauer, West Germany built strong relationships with France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Israel. West Germany also joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Economic Community. East Germany's economy, centrally planned in the Soviet style, grew increasingly stagnant; the East German secret police tightly controlled daily life, and the Berlin Wall (1961) ended the steady flow of refugees to the West. The country was reunited on 3 October 1990, following the decline and fall of the SED as the ruling party of East Germany and the Peaceful Revolution there.\n\n\n== Division of Germany ==\n\n\n=== Four military occupied zones ===\n\nAt the Potsdam Conference (17 July to 2 August 1945), after Germany's unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945, the Allies officially divided Germany into the four military occupation zones — France in the southwest, the United Kingdom in the northwest, the United States in the south, and the Soviet Union in the east, bounded on the east by the new Poland-Germany border on the Oder-Neisse line. At Potsdam, these four zones in total were denoted as 'Germany as a whole', and the four Allied Powers",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 15,
"title": "Soviet Union–United States relations",
"paragraph_text": " Soviet Union and emergence of the present-day Russian Federation at the end of 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-World War II relations (1917–1939) ===\n\n\n==== Provisional Government ====\nIn wake of the February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II's abdication, Washington was still largely ignorant of the underlying fractures in new Russian Provisional Government and believed that Russia would rapidly evolve into a stable democracy enthusiastic to join the western coalition in the war against Germany. With the establishment of the Provisional Government, United States Ambassador to Petrograd David R. Francis immediately requested from Washington authority to recognize the new government arguing the revolution \"is the practical realization of that principle of government which we have championed and advocated. I mean government by consent of the governed. Our recognition will have a stupendous moral effect especially if given firstThe relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were fully established in 1933 as the succeeding bilateral ties to those between the Russian Empire and the United States, which lasted from 1776 until 1917; they were also the predecessor to the current bilateral ties between the Russian Federation and the United States that began in 1992 after the end of the Cold War. The relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States was largely defined by mistrust and tense hostility. The invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany as well as the attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor by Imperial Japan marked the Soviet and American entries into World War II on the side of the Allies in June and December 1941, respectively. As the Soviet–American alliance against the Axis came to an end following the Allied victory in 1945, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to immediately appear between the two countries, as the Soviet Union militarily occupied Eastern European countries and turned them into satellite states, forming the Eastern Bloc. These bilateral tensions escalated into the Cold War, a decades-long period of tense hostile relations with short phases of détente that ended after the collapse of the Soviet Union and emergence of the present-day Russian Federation at the end of 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-World War II relations (1917–1939) ===\n\n\n==== Provisional Government ====\nIn wake of the February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II's abdication, Washington was still largely ignorant of the underlying fractures in new Russian Provisional Government and believed that Russia would rapidly evolve into a stable democracy enthusiastic to join the western coalition in the war against Germany.The relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente. Japan marked the Soviet and American entries into World War II on the side of the Allies in June and December 1941, respectively. As the Soviet–American alliance against the Axis came to an end following the Allied victory in 1945, the first signs",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Memoirs of a Geisha",
"paragraph_text": "9, nine year-old Sakamoto Chiyo and her sister are sold by their father to work within the entertainment districts of Kyoto. They are taken from their home in a coastal fishing village known as Yoroido and travel to Kyoto by train. ChiyoMemoirs of a Geisha is a historical novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997. The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before and after World War II. working as a geisha in Kyoto, Japan, before, during and after World War II.\nIn 2005, a film adaptation was released, directed by Rob Marshall and starring Zhang Ziyi in the lead role.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nIn 1929, nine year-old Sakamoto Chiyo and her sister are sold by their father to work within the entertainment districts of Kyoto. They are taken from their home in a coastal fishing village known as Yoroido and travel to Kyoto by train. Chiyo is taken to the Nitta okiya (geisha boarding house",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| After the conflict depicted in Memoirs of a Geisha, another conflict ensued where Germany was split into two. This new conflict was between the U.S. and which other country? | [
{
"id": 76873,
"question": "when does memoirs of a geisha take place",
"answer": "before and after World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
},
{
"id": 69814,
"question": "why was germany divided into two separate countries after wwii",
"answer": "The Cold War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 64554,
"question": "following #1 #2 developed between the u.s. and",
"answer": "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | [
"The Soviets",
"Soviets",
"the Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"Soviet Union"
]
| true | Following the war where Memoirs of a Geisha is set, a conflict in which Germany was divided into two countries developed, between the U.S. and what nation? |
2hop__85753_64503 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "San Antonio River Walk",
"paragraph_text": " on the Olmos Dam and bypass channel in 1926; however, the San Antonio Conservation Society successfully protested the paved sewer option. No major plans came into play until 1929, when San Antonio native and architect Robert Hugman submitted his plans for what would become the River Walk. Although many have been involved in development of the site, the leadership of former mayor Jack White was instrumental in passage of a bond issue that raised funds to empower the 1938 \"San Antonio River Beautification Project\", which began the evolution of the site into the present 2.5-mile-long (4 km) River Walk.\nHugman endorsed the bypass channel idea (which would be completed later that year)The River Walk is a successful special - case pedestrian street, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws from the Shops at Rivercenter, to the Arneson River Theatre, to Marriage Island, to La Villita, to HemisFair Park, to the Tower Life Building, to the San Antonio Museum of Art, to the Pearl and the city's five Spanish colonial missions, which have been named a World Heritage Site, including the Alamo. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that float down the river.TheThe River Walk is a successful special - case pedestrian street, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws from the Shops at Rivercenter, to the Arneson River Theatre, to Marriage Island, to La Villita, to HemisFair Park, to the Tower Life Building, to the San Antonio Museum of Art, to the Pearl and the city's five Spanish colonial missions, which have been named a World Heritage Site, including the Alamo. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that float down the river. down the river.\nThe area within the circumference of the River Walk is the heart of the original 1700s Villa de Bejar outpost, which would eventually become the City of San Antonio.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIn September 1921, a disastrous flood along the San Antonio River took 51 lives, with an additional 23 people reported missing. Plans were then developed for flood control of the river. Among the plans was to build an upstream dam (Olmos Dam) and bypass a prominent bend of the river in the Downtown area (between present-day Houston Street and Villita Parkway), then to pave over the bend, and create a storm sewer.\nWork began on the Olmos Dam and bypass channel in 1926; however, the San Antonio Conservation Society successfully protested the paved sewer option. No major plans came into play until 1929, when San Antonio native and architect Robert Hugman submitted his plans for what would become the River Walk. Although many have been involved in development of the site, the leadership of former mayor Jack White was instrumental in passage of a bond issue that raised funds to empower the 1938 \"San Antonio River Beautification Project\", which began the evolution of the site into the present 2.5-mile-long (4 km) River Walk.\nHugman endorsed the bypass channel idea (which would be completed later that year)The River Walk is a successful special - case pedestrian street, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws from the Shops at Rivercenter, to the Arneson River Theatre, to Marriage Island, to La Villita, to HemisFair Park, to the Tower Life Building, to the San Antonio Museum of Art, to the Pearl and the city's five Spanish colonial missions, which have been named a World Heritage Site, including the Alamo. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that float down the river.The San Antonio River Walk is a city park and special-case pedestrian street in San Antonio, Texas, one level down from the automobile street. The River Walk winds and loops under bridges as two parallel sidewalks lined with restaurants and shops, connecting the major tourist draws such as the Shops at Rivercenter, the Arneson River Theatre, Marriage Island, La Villita, HemisFair Park, the Tower Life Building, the San Antonio Museum of Art, the Pearl, and the city's five Spanish colonial missions, which have been named a World Heritage Site, which includes the Alamo. During the annual springtime Fiesta San Antonio, the River Parade features flowery floats that float down the river.\nThe area within the circumference of the River Walk is the heart of the original 1700s Villa de Bejar outpost, which would eventually become the City of San Antonio.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nIn September 1921, a disastrous flood along the San Antonio River took 51 lives, with an additional 23 people reported missing. Plans were then developed for flood control of the river. Among the plans was to build an upstream dam (Olmos Dam) and bypass a prominent bend of the river in the Downtown area (between present-day Houston Street and Villita Parkway), then to pave over the bend, and create a storm sewer.\nWork began on the Olmos Dam and bypass channel in 1926; however, the San Antonio Conservation Society successfully protested the paved sewer option. No major plans came into play until 1929, when San Antonio native and architect Robert Hugman submitted his plans for what would become the River Walk. Although many have been involved in development of the site, the leadership of former mayor Jack White was instrumental in passage of a bond issue that raised funds to empower the 1938 \"San Antonio River Beautification Project\", which began the evolution of the site into the present 2.5-mile-long (4 km) River Walk.\nHugman endorsed the bypass channel idea (which would be completed later that year) but, instead of paving over the bend, Hugman suggested 1) a flood gate at the northern (upstream) end of the",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Capital punishment in Texas",
"paragraph_text": " execution laws, which required that executions be carried out on the electric chair, and that they take place at the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (also known as Huntsville Unit). From 1928 until 1965, this was also home to the state's male death row. The first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, Harris Washington, Haden Cochran, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, although there are no laws prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.\nThe United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia (408 U.S. 238 (1972)), which declared Georgia's \"unitary trial\" procedure (in which the jury was asked to return a verdict of guilt or innocence and, simultaneously, determine whether the defendant would be punished by death or life imprisonment) to be unconstitutional, on the grounds that it was a cruel and unusual punishment in violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution, essentially negated all death penalty sentences nationwide.\nAs result of the Furman decision, the 52 Texas death-row inmates at the time had all of their sentences reduced to life imprisonment. Among them was Kenneth McDuff, who was originally condemned for the murder of three teenagers in 1966. He was paroled in 1989, but subsequently executed in 1998 for a murder he committed while on parole, and is suspected to have been responsible for many other killings.\nFurman led to a 1973 revision of the laws, primarily by introducing the bifurcated trial process (where the guilt-innocence and punishment phases are separate), and narrowly limited the legal definition of capital murder (and, thus, those offenses for which the death penalty could be imposed). The first person sentenced to death under the new Texas statute was John Devries on February 15, 1974; Devries hanged himself in his cell on July 1, 1974 (using bedsheets from his bunk), before he could be executed.\nIn 1976, the Supreme Court decision in Jurek v. Texas once again allowed for the death penalty to be imposed. (Jurek was a companion case in the Gregg decision, and was upheld by the Court; the Court stated that Texas' death penalty scheme could potentially result in fewer death penalty cases, an irony given that post-Gregg Texas has by far executed more inmates than any other state.) However, the first execution in Texas after this decision would not take place until December 7, 1982, with that of Charles Brooks, Jr. Brooks was also the first person to be judicially executed by lethal injection in the world.\nIn the post-Gregg era, Texas has executed 583 peopleTexas changed its execution laws in 1923, requiring the executions be carried out on the electric chair and that they take place at the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (also known as Huntsville Unit). From 1928 until 1965, this was also home to the state's male death row. The first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, George Washington, Mack Matthews, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.Texas changed its execution laws in 1923, requiring the executions be carried out on the electric chair and that they take place at the Texas State Penitentiary at Huntsville (also known as Huntsville Unit). From 1928 until 1965, this was also home to the state's male death row. The first executions on the electric chair were on February 8, 1924, when Charles Reynolds, Ewell Morris, George Washington, Mack Matthews, and Melvin Johnson had their death sentences carried out. The five executions were the most carried out on a single day in the state. The state would conduct multiple executions on a single day on several other occasions, the last being on August 9, 2000. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. A total of 361 people were electrocuted in Texas, with the last being Joseph Johnson on July 30, 1964.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the depth of the San Antonio Riverwalk located in the state where the electric chair is still in use? | [
{
"id": 85753,
"question": "where do they still do the electric chair",
"answer": "Texas",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 64503,
"question": "how deep is the riverwalk in san antonio #1",
"answer": "one level down from the automobile street",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
}
]
| one level down from the automobile street | []
| true | How deep is the Riverwalk in San Antonio in the state that still uses electric chair? |
2hop__145082_35034 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Tammy Leitner",
"paragraph_text": " Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLeitner graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a bachelor's degree in English, before eventually completing her master's degree in journalism from Boston University in Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Career ==\nShe established her reputation as a hard-nosed journalist, writing for newspapers in New York and Arizona, including the New York Post. Leitner was honored by the Associated Press Managing Editors for stories she did when she was a police reporter for the East Valley Tribune in Mesa, Arizona.\n\n\n=== Recognition ===\nLeitner joined the news staff of KPHO, the CBS affiliate in Phoenix, Arizona, as a crime reporter on September 3, 2002. She has won twelve Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards - the first in 2004 for a piece she did on Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio's notorious tent city, the second in 2006 for a breaking news story, her third in 2007 for continuing coverage of an investigative story, and her fourth and fifth for a weeklong series called \"Assault on Arizona\", which focused on crime and illegal immigration issues at the Arizona-Mexico border. LeTamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972 in San Diego, California) is an investigative TV reporter and former reality television contestant.TTamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972 in San Diego, California) is an investigative TV reporter and former reality television contestant. Peabody and Edward R. Murrow for the documentary Toxic Secrets. She also won 12 Emmys for investigative news stories and co-founded Volition Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLeitner graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a bachelor's degree in English, before eventually completing her master's degree in journalism from Boston University in Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Career ==\nShe established her reputation as a hard-nosed journalist, writing for newspapers in New York and Arizona, including the New York Post. Leitner was honored by the Associated Press Managing Editors for stories she did when she was a police reporter for the East Valley Tribune in Mesa, Arizona.\n\n\n=== Recognition ===\nLeitner joined the news staff of KPHO, the CBS affiliate in Phoenix, Arizona, as a crime reporter on September 3, 2002. She has won twelve Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards - the first in 2004 for a piece she did on Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio's notorious tent city, the second in 2006 for a breaking news story, her third in 2007 for continuing coverage of an investigative story, and her fourth and fifth for a weeklong series called \"Assault on Arizona\", which focused on crime and illegal immigration issues at the Arizona-Mexico border. LeTamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972 in San Diego, California) is an investigative TV reporter and former reality television contestant.Tamara Leitner (born July 3, 1972) is an American network correspondent and investigative TV reporter. The journalist won a George Foster Peabody and Edward R. Murrow for the documentary Toxic Secrets. She also won 12 Emmys for investigative news stories and co-founded Volition Films with Dr. Jordan Schaul.\n\n\n== Education ==\nLeitner graduated from the University of California, Los Angeles with a bachelor's degree in English, before eventually completing her master's degree in journalism from Boston University in Massachusetts.\n\n\n== Career ==\nShe established her reputation as a hard-nosed journalist, writing for newspapers in New York and Arizona, including the New York Post. Leitner was honored by the Associated Press Managing Editors for stories she did when she was a police reporter for the East Valley Tribune in Mesa, Arizona.\n\n\n=== Recognition ===\nLeitner joined the news staff of KPHO, the CBS affiliate in Phoenix, Arizona, as a crime reporter on September 3, 2002. She has won twelve Rocky Mountain Emmy Awards - the first in 2004 for a piece she did on Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio's notorious tent city, the second in 2006 for a breaking news story, her third in 2007 for continuing coverage of an investigative story, and her fourth and fifth for a weeklong series called \"Assault on Arizona\", which focused on crime and illegal immigration issues at the Arizona-Mexico border. Leitner has 19 Rocky Mountain Emmy nominations to her credit.\nLeitner joined WCBS-TV in New York City as an investigative reporter in June 2013. Leitner joined WMAQ-TV in Chicago in March 2014 as an investigative reporter. Leitner joined NBC Nightly News in early June, 2016. Leitner is currently a contributor with MSNBC's The Rachel",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.San Diego County ( ), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the United States. It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States, and is a border county. It is also home to 18 Native American tribal reservations, the most of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, and Coast Guard Air Station San Diego.\nFrom north to south, San Diego County extends from the southern borders of Orange and Riverside Counties to the Mexico–U.S. border and the Baja California municipalities of Tijuana and Tecate. From west to east, San Diego County stretches from the Pacific Ocean to its boundary with Imperial County, which separated from it in 1907.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe area which is now San Diego County has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years by Kumeyaay (also called Diegueno and Ipai/Tipai), Payómkawichum (Luiseño), Kuupangaxwichem (Cupeño), ��ívil��uqaletem (Cahuilla), and the Acjachemen (Juaneño) Indians and their local predecessors.\nIn 1542, the explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, who may haveAs of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 45.1% White, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% Asian (5.9% Filipino, 2.7% Chinese, 2.5% Vietnamese, 1.3% Indian, 1.0% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.4% Laotian, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Thai). 0.5% Pacific Islander (0.2% Guamanian, 0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Native Hawaiian), 12.3% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. The ethnic makeup of the city was 28.8% Hispanic or Latino (of any race); 24.9% of the total population were Mexican American, and 0.6% were Puerto Rican. of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.San Diego County ( ), officially the County of San Diego (Spanish: Condado de San Diego), is a county in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,298,634, making it California's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States. Its county seat is San Diego, the second-most populous city in California and the eighth-most populous city in the",
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| In 2009, what was the population density of the city where Tammy Leitner was born? | [
{
"id": 145082,
"question": "What was Tammy Leitner's city of birth?",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 35034,
"question": "What was the population density of #1 in 2009?",
"answer": "3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2)",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
}
]
| 3,771.9 people per square mile (1,456.4/km2) | []
| true | What was the population density of Tammy Leitner's city of birth in 2009? |
3hop1__139773_88110_21193 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "MSNBC",
"paragraph_text": "9, as the Consumer News and Business Channel. NBC and Cablevision initially operated CNBC as a 50–50 joint venture, and it was headquartered in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Sue Herera and Scott Cohn joined CNBC at its inception.\nCNBC had considerable difficulty getting cable carriage at first, as many providers were skeptical of placing it alongside the longer-established Financial News Network. By the winter of 1990, CNBC was in only 17 million homes – less than half of FNN's potential reach – despite the size of NBC, its parent.\nAfter an accounting scandal, FNN filed for bankruptcy protection on March 2, 1991, and put itself up for sale. After a bidding war with a Dow Jones & Company–Westinghouse Broadcasting consortium, CNBC was awarded FNN by a bankruptcy judge for $154.3 million on May 21, 1991, and merged the two operations. CNBC hired around 60 of FNN's 300-person workforce. Bill Griffeth and Joe Kernen, who are still with the channel, joined CNBC at that time. Other former FNN's workforce were hired by Bloomberg Television. The deal increased the distribution of the network to over 40 million homes. Cablevision sold its 49.5% stake in CNBC to NBC upon completion of the deal.\nRoger Ailes was hired as the president of CNBC in August 1993, tasked by NBC CEO Bob Wright with turning around the struggling network. Ailes resigned in January 1996 due to disagreements with management including the decision by NBC management to form a joint venture with Microsoft that included the rebrand of \"America's Talking\" as MSNBC. Under the leadership of Ailes, annual revenue at CNBC rose from $43 million to $110 million.\nIn June 1995, CNBC launched the Hong Kong-based CNBC Asia, and CNBC Europe, headquartered in London, in March 1996.\nIn December 1997, CNBC formed a strategic alliance with Dow Jones, including content sharing with Dow Jones Newswires, The Wall Street Journal, MarketWatch, and Barron's and the rebranding of the channel as \"a service of NBC and Dow Jones\". As part of the agreement, Dow Jones merged their competing business news channels—London-based European Business News and Singapore-based Asia Business News—into CNBC Europe and CNBC Asia respectively, with CNBC shutting down its Hong Kong-based operation and relocating the new CNBC Asia to ABN's Singapore studios. \nDuring the late 1990s and early 2000s, CNBC's ratings increased sharply along with the stock market, often beating those of CNN during market hours. The highest daytime viewership of the network in 2000 was 343,000.\nHowever, after the burst of the dot-com bubble, CNBC's viewing figures declined in tandem. In 2002, CNBC's ratings fell 44% and were down another 5% in 2003. The network's ratings steadily fell until bottoming in Q1 2005, with an average viewership of 134,000 during the day.\nMSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). MSNBC and its website were founded in 1996 under a partnership between Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, hence the network's naming. Although they had the same name, msnbc.com and MSNBC maintained separate corporate structures and news operations. msnbc.com was headquartered on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington while MSNBC operated out of NBC's headquarters in New York City. Microsoft divested its stakes in the MSNBC channel in 2005 and in msnbc.com in July 2012. The general news site was rebranded as NBCNews.com, and a new msnbc.com was created as the online home of the cable channel.CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.MSNBC is an American news cable and satellite television network that provides news coverage and political commentary from NBC News on current events. MSNBC is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal (all of which are ultimately owned by Comcast). MSNBC and its website were founded in 1996 under a partnership between Microsoft and General Electric's NBC unit, hence the network's naming. Although they had the same name, msnbc.com and MSNBC maintained separate corporate structures and news operations. msnbc.com was headquartered on the Microsoft campus in Redmond, Washington while MSNBC operated out of NBC's headquarters in New York City. Microsoft divested its stakes in the MSNBC channel in 2005 and in msnbc.com in July 2012. The general news site was rebranded as NBCNews.com, and a new msnbc.com was created as the online home of the cable channel. merged it into CNBC, and acquired Cablevision's stake in CNBC to give it full ownership. \nIn addition to",
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"idx": 8,
"title": "Data compression",
"paragraph_text": " coding schemes that perform well are Brotli and LZX. LZX is used in Microsoft's CAB format.InThe Lempel–Ziv (LZ) compression methods are among the most popular algorithms for lossless storage. DEFLATE is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow. DEFLATE is used in PKZIP, Gzip and PNG. LZW (Lempel–Ziv–Welch) is used in GIF images. Also noteworthy is the LZR (Lempel-Ziv–Renau) algorithm, which serves as the basis for the Zip method.[citation needed] LZ methods use a table-based compression model where table entries are substituted for repeated strings of data. For most LZ methods, this table is generated dynamically from earlier data in the input. The table itself is often Huffman encoded (e.g. SHRI, LZX). Current LZ-based coding schemes that perform well are Brotli and LZX. LZX is used in Microsoft's CAB format. between the bytes needed to store or transmit information, and the Computational resources needed to perform the encoding and decoding. ForThe Lempel–Ziv (LZ) compression methods are among the most popular algorithms for lossless storage. DEFLATE is a variation on LZ optimized for decompression speed and compression ratio, but compression can be slow. DEFLATE is used in PKZIP, Gzip and PNG. LZW (Lempel–Ziv–Welch) is used in GIF images. Also noteworthy is the LZR (Lempel-Ziv–Renau) algorithm, which serves as the basis for the Zip method.[citation needed] LZ methods use a table-based compression model where table entries are substituted for repeated strings of data. For most LZ methods, this table is generated dynamically from earlier data in the input. The table itself is often Huffman encoded (e.g. SHRI, LZX). Current LZ-based coding schemes that perform well are Brotli and LZX. LZX is used in Microsoft's CAB format.In information theory, data compression, source coding, or bit-rate reduction is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than the original representation. Any particular compression is either lossy or lossless. Lossless compression reduces bits by identifying and eliminating statistical redundancy. No information is lost in lossless compression. Lossy compression reduces bits by removing unnecessary or less important information. Typically, a device that performs data compression is referred to as an encoder, and one that performs the reversal of the process (decompression) as a decoder.\nThe process of reducing the size of a data file is often referred to as data compression. In the context of data transmission, it is called source coding: encoding is done at the source of the data before it is stored or transmitted. Source coding should not be confused with channel coding, for error detection and correction or line coding, the means for mapping data onto a signal.\nData Compression algorithms present a space-time complexity trade-off between the bytes needed to store or transmit information, and the Computational resources needed to perform the encoding and decoding. For instance, it takes on the order of 6MiB to represent a single raw frame of 1080p video imagery (144MiB/sec@24fps, or 8GiB/min). The smallest DVDs only hold 4.7GiB of data thus necessitating video compression schemes to make the best use of available storage. These schemes provide a reducuction in the storage or streaming bandwidth needed",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Rachel Maddow Show",
"paragraph_text": " about One America News Network (OANN), Maddow called the network \"literally [...] paid Russian propaganda\" based upon a Daily Beast article which reported that an OANN reporter also wrote freelance articles for the Russian state-owned Sputnik. In response, OANN sued Maddow, Comcast, MSNBC and NBCUniversal Media. U.S. District Judge Cynthia Bashant dismissed the suit in 2021, ruling that Maddow's statement was a statement of opinion (thus protected by the First Amendment) and would not be construed by a reasonable viewer as an \"assertion of objective fact.\" Bashant also found that California's anti-SLAPP law applied, meaning that OANN had to pay the defendants' attorneys' fees.\nMaddow took a hiatus from February to April 2022 and, upon returning, announced that the show would move from its daily format to weekly on Mondays beginning in May, in order to focus on podcast projects as well as to serve as executive producer for an upcoming film based on her book Bag Man: The Wild Crimes, Audacious Cover-up, and Spectacular Downfall of a Brazen Crook in the White House.\nIn May 2022, the program was retitled MSNBC Prime on nights that Maddow did not host. It otherwise retained the same production staff, format, and presentation as The Rachel Maddow Show, with its guest hosts often being pundits who had a similar style to Maddow. In June 2022, MSNBC announced that Alex Wagner would be Maddow's long-term replacement in the time slot on Tuesdays through Fridays beginning August 16, with her show's title later announced on August 3 as Alex Wagner Tonight.\nSince 2024, the program also airs a recap on Sunday as part of Prime Weekend, which also recaps from Alex Wagner Tonight, Deadline: White House, The 11th Hour with Stephanie Ruhle, The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell, All In with Chris Hayes, The ReidOut and Inside With Jen Psaki.\n\n\n== Production ==\n\nThe RachelThe Rachel Maddow Show (also abbreviated TRMS) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained a public profile via her frequent appearances as a progressive pundit on programs aired by MSNBC. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008.TheThe Rachel Maddow Show (also abbreviated TRMS) is a daily news and opinion television program that airs on MSNBC, running in the 9:00 pm ET timeslot Monday through Friday. It is hosted by Rachel Maddow, who gained a public profile via her frequent appearances as a progressive pundit on programs aired by MSNBC. It is based on her former radio show of the same name. The show debuted on September 8, 2008. Rachel Maddow Show premiered on September 8, 2008. Keith Olbermann, then host of MSNBC's Countdown with Keith Olbermann, was Maddow's first guest. Olbermann has been credited for persuading MSNBC to give Maddow her own program. Maddow had served as a regular guest host for Countdown when Olbermann was absent. The Rachel Maddow Show replaced Verdict with Dan Abrams.\nIn a 2019 segment about One America News Network (OANN), Maddow called the network \"literally [...] paid Russian propaganda\" based upon a Daily Beast article which reported that an OANN reporter also wrote freelance articles for the Russian state-owned Sputnik. In response, OANN sued Maddow, Comcast, MSNBC and NBCUniversal Media. U.S. District Judge Cynthia Bashant dismissed the suit in 2021, ruling that Maddow's statement was a statement of opinion (thus protected by the First Amendment) and would not be construed by a reasonable viewer as an \"assertion of objective fact.\" Bashant also found that California's anti-SLAPP law applied, meaning that OANN had to pay the defendants' attorneys' fees.\nMaddow took a hiatus",
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| What type of compression technique is incorporated in the CAB format, which is utilized by one of the original partners of the television network airing Rachel Maddow's program? | [
{
"id": 139773,
"question": "Where can you find the show The Rachel Maddow Show?",
"answer": "MSNBC",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 88110,
"question": "what do the letters ms in #1 stand for",
"answer": "Microsoft",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 21193,
"question": "What is used in #2 's CAB format?",
"answer": "LZX",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| LZX | []
| true | What compression method is part of the CAB format used by one of the original partners in the TV channel that hosts Rachel Maddow's show? |
4hop1__455862_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ignacio Esparza",
"paragraph_text": "ada \"El Grullo\" in El Grullo, Jalisco, Mexico.\n\n\n== Professional boxing record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBoxing record for Ignacio Esparza from BoxRec (registration required)Ignacio Esparza Nach (born 21 May 1994) is a Mexican professional boxer.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\nIn September 2014, Ignacio upset an undefeated Damian Norris to win the WBA Fedebol cruiserweight Championship.\nOn 27 June 2019 he lost a twelve-round decision to IBF Inter-Continental champion Enad Licina; this bout was televised on a Showtime boxing card.\nOn October 23, 2020 Esparza beat the veteran Javier Polanco at the Explanada \"El Grullo\" in El Grullo, Jalisco, Mexico.\n\n\n== Professional boxing record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBoxing record for Ignacio Esparza from BoxRec (registration required)Ignacio Esparza Nach (born 21 May 1994) is a Mexican professional boxer.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\nIn September 2014, Ignacio upset an undefeated Damian Norris to win the WBA Fedebol cruiserweight Championship.\nOn 27 June 2019 he lost a twelve-round decision to IBF Inter-Continental champion Enad Licina; this bout was televised on a Showtime boxing card.\nOn October 23, 2020 Esparza beat the veteran Javier Polanco atIgnacio Esparza Lozano (born June 4, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Cruiserweight division. He's the former Mexican National and WBA Fedebol Cruiserweight Champion.IIgnacio Esparza Lozano (born June 4, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer in the Cruiserweight division. He's the former Mexican National and WBA Fedebol Cruiserweight Champion. 2019 he lost a twelve-round decision to IBF Inter-Continental champion Enad Licina; this bout was televised on a Showtime boxing card.\nOn October 23, 2020 Esparza beat the veteran Javier Polanco at the Explanada \"El Grullo\" in El Grullo, Jalisco, Mexico.\n\n\n== Professional boxing record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nBoxing record for Ignacio Esparza from BoxRec (registration required)Ignacio Esparza Nach (born 21 May 1994) is a Mexican professional boxer.\n\n\n== Professional career ==\nIn September 2014, Ignacio upset an undefeated Damian Norris to win the WBA Fedebol cruiserweight Championship.\nOn 27 June 2019 he lost a twelve-round decision to IBF Inter-Continental champion Enad Licina; this bout was televised on a Showtime boxing card.\nOn October 23, 2020 Esparza beat the veteran Javier Polanco at the Explanada \"El Grullo\" in El Grullo, Jalisco, Mexico.\n\n\n== Professional boxing record ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": " and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.John Cabot University (JCU) is a private American university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1972 and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students. The university has more than 700 degree-seeking students and more than 1000 visiting students every year, representing over 75 nationalities. The average class size is 15 students. The university consists of three campuses and three residence halls centrally located in Trastevere, Rome. The language of instruction is English.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe college was founded in 1972 and it was originally located within a religious school called Pro Deo University. It was named after 15th century Italian explorer Giovanni CabotoJohn Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed. it was originally located within a religious school called Pro Deo University. It was named after 15th century Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto, also known as John Cabot, who opened the channels for further exploration of North America.\nAs of 1978, most students at John Cabot were business majors, though some were getting an Associate of Arts degree. From 1985 to 1991, the university expanded and created programs in Art History,John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.John Cabot University (JCU) is a private American university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1972 and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students. The university has more than 700 degree-seeking students and more than 1000 visiting students every year, representing over 75 nationalities. The average class size is 15 students. The university consists of three campuses and three residence halls centrally located",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": " Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996. She has a master's degree in Economics and Regional Management from Austral University and a master's in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.\n\n\n== Political career ==\n\nNarváez entered public administration in Los Lagos Region, where she worked in the National Women's Service (SERNAM) and was regional secretary of labor. In the first government of Michelle Bachelet, she served as regional programming manager. In June 2008, she was designated by Bachelet as presidential delegate for Palena Province, on the occasion of the eruption of the volcano Chaitén that began in May of that year. She remained in the position until 5 May 2009.\nIn October 2009, she became lead spokesperson of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, presidential candidate for the Concertación. In 2010 she traveled to India to study English, and upon her return to Chile that September, she worked at the Dialoga Foundation. In 2011 she emigrated to the United States to pursue a master's degree and to do an internship at UN Women – while Michelle Bachelet was executive director – where she was a program advisor for Latin America andPaula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair. 27 July 2023.\nShe served as Minister Secretary General of Government during the second administration of Michelle Bachelet. Narváez was the nominee of the Socialist Party in the 2021 Chilean presidential election.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nPaula Narváez was born in Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996. She has a master's degree in Economics and Regional Management from Austral University and a master's in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.\n\n\n== Political career ==\n\nNarváez entered public administration in Los Lagos Region, where she worked in the National Women's Service (SERNAM) and was regional secretary of labor. In the first government of Michelle Bachelet, she served as regional programming manager. In June 2008, she was designated by Bachelet as presidential delegate for Palena Province, on the occasion of the eruption of the volcano Chaitén that began in May of that year. She remained in the position until 5 May 2009.\nIn October 2009, she became lead spokesperson of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, presidential candidate for the Concertación. In 2010 she traveled to India to study English, and upon her return to Chile that September, she worked at the Dialoga Foundation. In 2011 she emigrated to the United States to pursue a master's degree and to do an internship at UN Women – while Michelle B",
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": " North America on behalf of England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAccounts differ as to Sebastian Cabot's place and date of birth. The historian James Williamson reviewed the evidence for various given dates in the 1480s and concluded that Sebastian was born not later than 1484, the son of John Cabot, a Venetian citizen credited with Genoese or Gaetan origins by birth, and of Mattea Caboto, also Venetian. Late in life, Cabot himself told Englishman Richard Eden that he was born in Bristol, and that he travelled back to Venice with his parents at four years of age, returning again with his father, so that he was thought to be Venetian. At another time, he told the Venetian ambassador at the court of Charles V, Gasparo Contarini (who noted it in his diary), that he was Venetian, educated in England. In 1515 Sebastian's friend Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that Cabot was a Venetian by birth, but that his father (John Cabot) had taken him to England as a child. His father had lived in Venice from 1461, as he received citizenship (which required 15 years' residency) in 1476. The Caboto family moved to England in 1495 if not before.\nSebastian, his elder brother Ludovico and his younger brother Santo were included by name with their father in the royal letters patent from King Henry VII of March 1496 authorizingSebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.",
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| Who was the explorer, a father and a navigator, who discovered the east coast of the area where Ignacio Esparza would eventually be born? | [
{
"id": 455862,
"question": "Ignacio Esparza >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| Sebastian Cabot | []
| true | Whose navigator father explored the east coast of the region where Ignacio Esparza was later born? |
4hop1__711773_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Manuel Balbi",
"paragraph_text": " moved to Mexico City, after being accepted into the acting school of the telecommunications company Televisa's Center for Artistic Education (CEA). For three years, studying, and professional manner, taking acting classes in theater, television, film and text analysis, theater history, psychology, dance styles, jazz, classical, body language, vocalization and voice of the body.\n\n\n== Television roles ==\n\n\n== Awards and nominations ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nMexican people of Italian descent\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nManuel Balbi at IMDbManuel Balbi (born March 13, 1978, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), is a Mexican actor, known for Seres: Genesis (2010), Casi treinta (2014) and Agua y aceite (2002).\n\n\n== Career ==\nHe began his acting studies in the city of San Luis Potosi to 16 years at a stuntManuel Balbi (born March 13, 1978, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), is a Mexican actor, known for Seres: Genesis (2010), Casi treinta (2014) and Agua y aceite (2002).Manuel Balbi (born March 13, 1978, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), is a Mexican actor, known for Seres: Genesis (2010), Casi treinta (2014) and Agua y aceite (2002).== Career ==\nHe began his acting studies in the city of San Luis Potosi to 16 years at a stunt and as props in a theater workshop of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in the state capital. In 1996, at age 18, he moved to Mexico City, after being accepted into the acting school of the telecommunications company Televisa's Center for Artistic Education (CEA). For three years, studying, and professional manner, taking acting classes in theater, television, film and text analysis, theater history, psychology, dance styles, jazz, classical, body language, vocalization and voice of the body.\n\n\n== Television roles ==\n\n\n== Awards and nominations ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nMexican people of Italian descent\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nManuel Balbi at IMDbManuel Balbi (born March 13, 1978, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico), is a Mexican actor, known for Seres: Genesis (2010), Casi treinta (2014) and Agua y aceite (2002).\n\n\n== Career ==\nHe began his acting studies in the city of San Luis Potosi to 16 years at a stuntManuel Balbi (born March 13, 1978, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": " Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996. She has a master's degree in Economics and Regional Management from Austral University and a master's in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.\n\n\n== Political career ==\n\nNarváez entered public administration in Los Lagos Region, where she worked in the National Women's Service (SERNAM) and was regional secretary of labor. In the first government of Michelle Bachelet, she served as regional programming manager. In June 2008, she was designated by Bachelet as presidential delegate for Palena Province, on the occasion of the eruption of the volcano Chaitén that began in May of that year. She remained in the position until 5 May 2009.\nIn October 2009, she became lead spokesperson of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, presidential candidate for the Concertación. In 2010 she traveled to India to study English, and upon her return to Chile that September, she worked at the Dialoga Foundation. In 2011 she emigrated to the United States to pursue aPaula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair. 27 July 2023.\nShe served as Minister Secretary General of Government during the second administration of Michelle Bachelet. Narváez was the nominee of the Socialist Party in the 2021 Chilean presidential election.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nPaula Narváez was born in Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996. She has a master's degree in Economics and Regional Management from Austral University and a master's in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.\n\n\n== Political career ==\n\nNarváez entered public administration in Los Lagos Region, where she worked in the National Women's Service (SERNAM",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": " North America on behalf of England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAccounts differ as to Sebastian Cabot's place and date of birth. The historian James Williamson reviewed the evidence for various given dates in the 1480s and concluded that Sebastian was born not later than 1484, the son of John Cabot, a Venetian citizen credited with Genoese or Gaetan origins by birth, and of Mattea Caboto, also Venetian. Late in life, Cabot himself told Englishman Richard Eden that he was born in Bristol, and that he travelled back to Venice with his parents at four years of age, returning again with his father, so that he was thought to be Venetian. At another time, he told theSebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.etian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic and a Venetian citizen. He was the son of Venetian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.\nAfter his father's death, Cabot conducted his own voyages of discovery, seeking the Northwest Passage through North America on behalf of England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAccounts differ as to Sebastian Cabot's place and date of birth. The historian James Williamson reviewed the evidence for various given dates in the 1480s and concluded that Sebastian was born not later than 1484, the son of John Cabot, a Venetian citizen credited with Genoese or Gaetan origins by birth, and of Mattea Caboto, also Venetian. Late in life, Cabot himself told Englishman Richard Eden that he was born in Bristol, and that he travelled back to Venice with his parents at four years of age, returning again with his father, so that he was thought to be Venetian. At another time, he told the Venetian ambassador at the court of Charles V, Gasparo Contarini (who noted it in his diary), that he was Venetian, educated in England. In 1515 Sebastian's friend Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that Cabot was a Venetian by birth, but that his father (John Cabot) had taken him to England as a child. His father had lived in Venice from 1461, as he received citizenship (which required 15 years' residency) in 1476. The Caboto family moved to England in 1495 if not before.\nSebastian, his elder brother Ludovico and his younger brother Santo were included by name with their father in the royal letters patent from King Henry VII of March 1496 authorizing their father's expeditions across the Atlantic. They are believed by some historians, including Rodney Skelton, still to have been minors since they were not mentioned in the 1498 patent their father also received. John Cabot sailed from Bristol on the small ship Matthew and reached the coast of a \"New Found Land\" on 24 June 1497. Historians",
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},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": " and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.John Cabot University (JCU) is a private American university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1972 and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students. The university has more than 700 degree-seeking students and more than 1000 visiting students every year, representing over 75 nationalities. The average class size is 15 students. The university consists of three campuses and three residence halls centrally located in Trastevere, Rome. The language of instruction is English.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe college was founded in 1972 and it was originally located within a religious school called Pro Deo University. It was named after 15th century Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto, also known as John Cabot, who opened the channels for further exploration of North America.\nAs of 1978, most students at John Cabot were business majors, though some were getting an Associate of Arts degree. From 1985 to 1991, the university expanded and created programs in Art History, International Affairs and English Literature. It was formerly academically associated with Hiram College in Hiram, Ohio. In 1991, the school became an independent university under the name John Cabot University and became accredited in 2003, thus endings its affiliation program with Hiram. The library moved, expanded, and was dedicated to benefactors Paul and Maxine Frohring in 1999.\n\n\n== Academics ==\nJohn Cabot University is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. It \"follows the American system of education with a distinctive European character.\" The university offers associate and BA degrees in humanities subjects and in business administration.:��55�� :��55�� Classes are taught in English. In Fall 2017, John Cabot University launched a Master of Arts in Art History. The Guarini Institute for Public Affairs provides lectures and events on world political and human rights themes.\nThe Frank J.John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who is the offspring of the Italian explorer who charted the eastern coastline of the continent where Manuel Balbi was born? | [
{
"id": 711773,
"question": "Manuel Balbi >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| Sebastian Cabot | []
| true | Who's the son of the Italian navigator who explored the eastern coast of the continent Manuel Balbi was born in? |
4hop1__373866_5186_10659_23296 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. By the end of the period, the Byzantine Empire and the Balkan states were conquered by a new Muslim power: the Ottoman Empire; in the Iberian Peninsula, Christian kingdoms won their centuries-old war against their Muslim neighbours. The prominence of personal faith is well documented, but the Western Schism and dissident movements condemned as heresies presented a significant challenge to traditional power structures in the Western Church. Humanist scholars began to emphasise human dignity, and Early Renaissance architects and artists revived several elements of classical culture in Italy. During the last medieval century, naval expeditions in search for new trade routes introduced the Age of Discovery.\n\n\n== Terminology and periodisation ==\n \nThe Middle Ages is the second of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme of analysing European history: antiquity, the Middle Ages and the modern era. The Italian Leonardo Bruni (d. 1444) was the first to use tripartite periodisation in 1442, and it became standard with the German historian Christoph Cellarius (d. 1707). The adjective \"medieval\", pertaining to the Middle Ages, derives from medium aevum (\"middle age\"), a Neo-Latin term first recorded in 1604. It is also spelt \"mediaeval\" or \"mediæval\".\nIt customarily spans the period between c.��500 and 1500, but its start and end years are arbitrary. A common starting point, first used by Bruni, is 476: the year the last Western Roman Emperor was deposed. As an alternative, the conversion of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (r.��306–337) to Christianity is cited. There is no universally-agreed-upon end date; the most frequently-used dates include 1453 (the fall of Constantinople), 1492 (Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas), and 1517 (the beginning of the Protestant Reformation).\nEurope, according to historian Miri Rubin, \"did not live to a single rhythm over this period\". ChristianisationJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]In the history of Europe, the MiddleJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE] the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Hero of Socialist Labour (Albania)",
"paragraph_text": " references ==\n[2] Full list of honorary titles given in Albania in the 1945-1990 periodThe Hero of Socialist Labour (Albanian: Hero i Punës Socialiste; Heroinë e Punës Socialiste) was an honorary title in the People's Socialist Republic of Albania and other Eastern Bloc countries.\nIt was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture. It provided a similar status to the title Hero of the People that was awarded for heroic deeds, but unlike the latter, was awarded to citizens who contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promotedHero of Socialist Labour () was an honorary title in Albania and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture. It provided a similar status to the title People's Hero of Albania that was awarded for heroic deeds, but unlike the latter, was awarded to citizens who contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promoted the might and the glory of Albania. contributed to the development of Albania's industry, agriculture, transportation, trade, science and technology and promoted the might and the glory of Albania.\nThe title was introduced by the decree of the Albanian parliament in 1954 and extended to agricultural workers with a law in 1961. Only the Albanian parliament could deprive a person of this title.\n\n\n== See also ==\nOrders, decorations and medals of Albania\nHero of the People\n\n\n== Notes and references ==\n[2] Full list of honorary titles given in Albania in the 1945-1990 periodThe Hero of Socialist Labour (Albanian: Hero i Punës Socialiste; Heroinë e Punës",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": "ertsa region) followed. The Soviets used concern for ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians as a pretext for their invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, since it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence that had been agreed with the Axis.\nThe territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union following the 1939 Soviet invasion east of the Curzon line remained in the Soviet Union after the war and are now in Ukraine and Belarus. Vilnius was given to Lithuania. Only Podlaskie and a small part of Galicia east of the San River, around Przemyśl, were returned to Poland. Of all theThe stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet \"spheres of influence\", anticipating potential \"territorial and political rearrangements\" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis. to the publicly announced stipulations of non-aggression for the next 10 years, the treaty included the Secret Protocol, which defined the borders of Soviet and German spheres of influence across Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. The secret protocol also recognized the interest of Lithuania in the Vilnius region, and Germany declared its complete uninterest in Bessarabia. In the west, rumoured existence of the Secret Protocol was proven only when it was made public during the Nuremberg trials.\nSoon after the pact, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, one day after a Soviet–Japanese ceasefire came into effect after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In March 1940, parts of",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_text": " divided, including within the communist world. Although the majority of the Warsaw Pact supported the invasion along with several other communist parties worldwide, Western nations, along with socialist countries such as Romania, and particularly the People's Republic of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under Antonín Novotný in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but had progressed more slowly than in most other states of the Eastern Bloc. Following the lead of Nikita Khrushchev, NovotnýOn 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance which had been established in 1955. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991. People's Republic of Albania refused to participate, while East German forces, except for a small number of specialists, were ordered by Moscow not to cross the Czechoslovak border just hours before the invasion because of fears of greater resistance if German troops were involved, due to public perception of the previous German occupation three decades earlier. 137 Czechoslovaks were killed and 500 seriously wounded during the occupation.\nPublic reaction to the invasion was widespread and divided, including within the communist world. Although the majority of the Warsaw Pact supported the invasion along with several other communist parties worldwide, Western nations, along with socialist countries such as Romania, and particularly the People's Republic of China and People's Republic of Albania condemned the attack. Many other communist parties also lost influence, denounced the USSR, or split up or dissolved due to conflicting opinions. The invasion started a series of events that would ultimately pressure Brezhnev to establish a state of détente with U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 just months after the latter's historic visit to the PRC.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Novotný's regime: late 1950s – early 1960s ===\nThe process of de-Stalinization in Czechoslovakia had begun under",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Aside from Country A, which other nation carried out invasions on the place where a significant number of French Jews, who had been sent away, had settled? This is with the context of the People's Socialist Republic of Albania being part of an institution that later disintegrated within Country A. | [
{
"id": 373866,
"question": "People's Socialist Republic of Albania >> member of",
"answer": "Warsaw Pact",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 5186,
"question": "In which country did the #1 dissolution meeting take place?",
"answer": "Hungary",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 10659,
"question": "Along with #2 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 23296,
"question": "Who invaded #3 after the Nazi’s?",
"answer": "Soviet",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| Soviet | [
"USSR",
"the Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"Soviet Union",
"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"
]
| true | The People's Socialist Republic of Albania was a member of an organization which was dissolved in Country A. Who invaded the country where many expelled French Jews relocated, other than Country A? |
3hop2__101809_30152_20999 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Ottoman Empire",
"paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk RevolutionThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16The discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Myint Myint Aye",
"paragraph_text": "int Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athleteMyint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint AyeMyint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athleteMyint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semifinals.Myint Myint Aye (born 18 November 1977) is a retired athlete who represented Myanmar in the middle-distance events. She competed in the 800 metres at two World Championships, in 2003 and 2005, without qualifying for the semif",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_text": "yanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 8888 Uprising then resulted in a nominal transition to a multi-party system two years later, but the country's post-uprising military council refused to cede power, and has continued to rule the country through to the present. The country remains riven by ethnic strifeThe dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 8888 Uprising then resulted in a nominal transition to a multi-party system two years later, but the country's post-uprising military council refused to cede power, and has continued to rule the country through to the present. The country remains riven by ethnic strife among its myriad ethnic groups and has one of the world's",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In Myint Myint Aye's place of origin, how were individuals who opposed the introduction of new currency subsequently expelled? | [
{
"id": 101809,
"question": "In which country did Myint Myint Aye live?",
"answer": "Myanmar",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 30152,
"question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?",
"answer": "the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 20999,
"question": "How were the #2 expelled from #1 ?",
"answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
}
]
| The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese | []
| true | How were those people defied by the use of new coins later removed from where Myint Myint Aye is from? |
2hop__130404_59180 | [
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "WDXQ",
"paragraph_text": "26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until somewhere between 2-3 AM, returning as El Gallo.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFacility details for Facility ID 26623 (WDXQ) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nWDXQ in Nielsen Audio's AM station database\nFacility details for Facility ID 150114 (W244CL) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nW244CL at FCCdata.orgWDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Bill Shanks, through licensee Shanks Broadcasting, LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe station went on the air as WDXQ on March 15, 2005. On July 19, 2007, the station changed its call sign to WDCO, and again on January 15, 2010, to WDXQ.\nOn November 26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until somewhere between 2-3 AM, returning as El Gallo.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFacility details for Facility ID 26623 (WDXQ) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nWDXQ in Nielsen Audio's AM station database\nFacility details for Facility ID 150114 (W244CL) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nW244CL at FCCdata.orgWDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Bill Shanks, through licensee Shanks Broadcasting, LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe station went on the air as WDXQ on March 15, 2005. On July 19, 2007, the station changed its call sign to WDCO, and again on January 15, 2010, to WDXQ.\nOn November 26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until somewhere between 2-3 AM, returning as El Gallo.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFacility details for Facility ID 26623 (WDXQ) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nWDXQ in Nielsen Audio's AM station database\nFacility details for Facility ID 150114 (W244CL) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nW244CL at FCCdata.orgWDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Bill Shanks, through licensee Shanks Broadcasting, LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe station went on the air as WDXQ on March 15, 2005. On July 19, 2007, the station changed its call sign to WDCO, and again on January 15, 2010, to WDXQ.\nOn November 26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until somewhere between 2-3 AM, returning as El Gallo.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFacility details for Facility ID 26623 (WDXQ) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nWDXQ in Nielsen Audio's AM station database\nFacility details for Facility ID 150114 (W244CL) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nW244CL at FCCdata.orgWDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by Bill Shanks, through licensee Shanks Broadcasting, LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe station went on the air as WDXQ on March 15, 2005. On July 19, 2007, the station changed its call sign to WDCO, and again on January 15, 2010, to WDXQ.\nOn November 26, 2019, WDXQ changed their format from hot adult contemporary to classic country, branded as \"96 Country\".\nOn July 1 2023 this station went off the air until somewhere between 2-3 AM, returning as El GalWDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by John Timms, through licensee Central Georgia Radio LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.WDXQ (1440 AM) is a radio station licensed to Cochran, Georgia, United States. The station is currently owned by John Timms, through licensee Central Georgia Radio LLC. The station's programming is duplicated by FM translator W244CL, operating at 96.7 MHz.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "The Devil Went Down to Georgia",
"paragraph_text": "``The Devil Went Down to Georgia ''Single by Charlie Daniels from the album Million Mile Reflections B - side`` Rainbow Ride'' Released May 21, 1979 Genre Bluegrass, country, country rock Length 3: 34 Label Epic Songwriter (s) Charlie Daniels Tom Crain ``Taz ''DiGregorio Fred Edwards Charles Hayward James W. Marshall Producer (s) John Boylan Charlie Daniels singles chronology`` Trudy'' (1978) ``The Devil Went Down to Georgia ''(1979)`` Mississippi'' (1979) ``Trudy ''(1978)`` The Devil Went Down to Georgia'' (1979) ``Mississippi ''(1979)``The Devil Went Down to Georgia ''Single by Charlie Daniels from the album Million Mile Reflections B - side`` Rainbow Ride'' Released May 21, 1979 Genre Bluegrass, country, country rock Length 3: 34 Label Epic Songwriter (s) Charlie Daniels Tom Crain ``Taz ''DiGregorio Fred Edwards Charles Hayward James W. Marshall Producer (s) John Boylan Charlie Daniels singles chronology`` Trudy'' (1978) ``The Devil Went Down to Georgia ''(1979)`` Mississippi'' (1979) ``Trudy ''(1978)`` The Devil Went Down to Georgia'' (1979) ``Mississippi ''(1979)``The",
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}
]
| On what date was the song created that depicts the devil going to the state where WDXQ is based? | [
{
"id": 130404,
"question": "What is the name of the state where WDXQ is located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 59180,
"question": "when was devil went down to #1 written",
"answer": "May 21, 1979",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
}
]
| May 21, 1979 | []
| true | What date saw the writing of the song where the devil went down to the state where WDXQ is located? |
3hop1__131820_59747_43101 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "List of municipalities in Georgia (U.S. state)",
"paragraph_text": "The largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta with 420,003 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Edge Hill with 24 residents. The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city - county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km), while Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km) each., consolidated city-counties, and consolidated cities.\n\nThere is no legal difference in Georgia between cities and towns. Eight municipalities have merged with their counties to form consolidated city-counties: Athens with Clarke County, Augusta with Richmond County, Columbus with Muscogee County, Cusseta with Chattahoochee County, Georgetown with Quitman County, Macon with Bibb County, Statenville with Echols County, and Webster County unified government with Webster County. Athens and Augusta also have municipalities independent of the consolidated governments and are considered consolidated cities.\nThe largest municipality by population in Georgia is Atlanta, with 498,715 residents, and the smallest municipality by population is Aldora, with 0 residents, although the actual estimated population is at 103, due to a \"0% self-response rate\". The largest municipality by land area is Augusta, a consolidated city-county, which spans 302.47 sq mi (783.4 km2), and Edge Hill and Santa Claus are tied for the smallest, at 0.18 sq mi (0.47 km2) each.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\tLargest cities and towns in Georgia by population\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n County seat†\n State capital and county seat��\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nGeorgia statistical areas\nList of counties in Georgia (U.S. state)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nGeorgia Municipal AssociationGeorgia is a state located in the Southern United States. According to the 2010 United States census, Georgia was the 8th most populous state with 9,688,681 inhabitants and the 21st largest by land area spanning 57,513.49 square miles (148,959.3 km2) of land. Georgia is divided into 159 counties and contains 535 municipalities consisting of cities, towns, consolidated city-counties, and consolidated cities.\n\nThere is no legal difference in Georgia between cities and towns. Eight",
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "WEKL",
"paragraph_text": "856 at the 2010 census.\nThe highest point is Mount Teroken, elevation 364 m (1,214 ft).\n\n\n== Transportation ==\n\nWeno has the only airport in the state, Chuuk International Airport. The road system is not well established in some parts of the island. No public transportation exists, but visitors can use a small taxi to cruise around the island.\nThere is one commercial shipyard for cargo ships and passenger voyages. The islanders use speed boats and smaller ships to commute with other lagoon islands and outreach islands.\n\n\n== Climate ==\n\n\n== Education ==\n\nTertiary \n\nCollege of Micronesia-FSM\nPublic schools operated by the Chuuk Department of Education:\n\nChuuk High School, Nepukos (Nantaku)\nIras Demo Elementary, Iras\nNeauo Elementary School, Neauo\nMwan Elementary School, Sefin\nPrivate\n\nXavier High School, Sapuk\nSaramen Chuuk Academy, Nepukos\nSeventh-day Adventist School, Neauo\nAkoyikoyi School, Penia\nSt. Cecilia School, Tunnuk\n\n\n== Women ==\nThe Chuuk Women's Council is based on Weno, which provides support to women's rights organizations across Chuuk State, including training in health and environment issues.\n\n\n== Tourism ==\nDiving is the main tourist attraction on Weno, an industry which was founded in Chuuk State by Kimiuo Aisek. Chuuk State's first museum, Kimiuo Aisek Memorial Museum, was founded to honor his legacy in dive industry and the preservation of Chuuk's underwater heritage.\n\n\n== Popular culture ==\nWeno is featured on the 10th episode of season 5 of Outback Truckers, where 2 power stations and a switchboard are shipped from Adelaide to provide all-day power for the island.\n\n\n== Sights ==\nIn the east of Weno, the catholic church Immaculate Heart of Mary Cathedral is worth a visitWEKL, known on-air as \"102.3 K-Love\", is a Contemporary Christian radio station in the United States, licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to Augusta, Georgia, broadcasting on 102.3 MHz with an ERP of 1.5 kW. Its studios are located at the Augusta Corporate Center with the market’s other iHeartMedia owned sister stations in Augusta, and the transmitter is located in Augusta near Fort Gordon.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 8,
"title": "The Real Housewives of Atlanta",
"paragraph_text": "The Real Housewives of Atlanta (abbreviated RHOA) is an American reality television series that premiered on October 7, 2008, on Bravo. Developed as the third installment of The Real Housewives franchise, following The Real Housewives of Orange County and New York City, it has aired nine seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in Atlanta, Georgia.The Real Housewives of Atlanta (abbreviated RHOA) is an American reality television series that premiered on October 7, 2008, on Bravo. Developed as the third installment of The Real Housewives franchise, following The Real Housewives of Orange County and New York City, it has aired nine seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in Atlanta, Georgia.The Real Housewives of Atlanta, abbreviated RHOA, is an American reality television series that premiered on Bravo on October 7, 2008. Developed as the third installment of The Real Housewives franchise, it has aired fifteen seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in and around Atlanta, Georgia.\nThe current cast of the sixteenth season consists of Phaedra Parks, Porsha Williams, Drew Sidora, Brittany Eady, Kelli Ferrell, Shamea Morton-Mwangi, and Angela Oakley, with former housewife Cynthia Bailey serving as a \"friend of the housewives\". Previously-featured cast members include original housewives NeNe Leakes, DeShawn Snow, Shereé Whitfield, Lisa Wu and Kim Zolciak-Biermann; and subsequent housewives Kandi Burruss, Kenya Moore, Claudia Jordan, Kim Fields, Shamari DeVoe, Eva Marcille, Marlo Hampton and Sanya Richards-Ross.\nThe Real Housewives of Atlanta has received moderately favorable reviews from critics and has been recognized as a \"guilty pleasure\" by several media outlets. However, the series has been criticized for appearing to fabricate portions of its storyline. It has anchored Bravo's Sunday night offerings since the show's third season in 2010, eventually becoming Bravo's highest-rated program by 2014.\nThe success of the show has resulted in ten spin-offs: Don't Be Tardy, The Kandi Factory, I Dream of NeNe: The Wedding, Kandi's Wedding, Kandi's Ski Trip, Xscape: Still Kickin' It, Kandi Koated Nights, Porsha's Having a Baby, Porsha's Family Matters and Kandi & The Gang.\n\n\n== Production ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–4 ===\nThe Real Housewives of Atlanta was announced as the third installment in The Real Housewives franchise, intending to capitalize on the successes of its predecessors The Real Housewives of Orange County and New York City. Throughout its run, the show has been led by five to seven housewives, who are credited by their first name. The first season premiered on October 7, 2008, starred Lisa Wu, DeShawn Snow, NeNe Leakes, Kim Zolciak-Biermann and Shereé Whitfield.\nKandi Burruss joined the show in the second season, which premiered on July 30, 2009. Snow did not return.\nPremiering on October 4, 2010, the third season saw Wu depart as a Housewife, appearing as a guest, as well as the addition of Cynthia Bailey and Phaedra Parks.\nThe fourth season which premiered on November 6, 2011, saw no changes to the main cast, besides introducing Marlo Hampton as the first official \"friend of the housewives\".\n\n\n=== Seasons 5–7 ===\nWhitfield did not return, while Kenya Moore and Porsha Williams joined the show in the fifth season which premiered on November 4, 2012. Zolciak quit the show halfway through filming.\nThe sixth season premiered on November 3, 2013, and featured the same cast from the previous season, excluding Zolciak, making Leakes the last original housewife on Atlanta at the time. Hampton returned as a guest.\nThe seventh season, which premiered on November 9, 2014, saw Williams demoted as a friend of the housewives, alongside Demetria McKinney, while Claudia Jordan was introduced as a main housewife.\n\n\n=== Seasons 8–11 ===\nThe eighth season premiered on November 8, 2015, which featured Williams returning as a full-time housewife and Kim Fields joining as the latest housewife. Whitfield returned as a friend of the housewives alongside Shamea Morton. Leakes and Jordan did not return as Housewives., instead featuring as guests alongside Hampton and McKinney.\nThe ninth season premiered on November 6, 2016, with Whitfield returning in a full-time capacity. Fields did not return. Hampton made numerous guest appearances along with Morton, while original housewives Wu and Zolciak-Biermann appeared in the season finale.\nLeakes returned as a full-time cast member for the tenth season, which premiered on November 5, 2017. Parks did not return, while Zolciak-Biermann and Hampton returned as a friend of the housewives, alongside Eva Marcille. Morton and Wu appeared throughout the season as well. Whitfield, for the second time, and Moore left the show after the tenth season.\nMarcille was promoted to a full-time capacity, alongside the addition of Shamari DeVoe for the eleventh season, which premiered on November 4, 2018. The season also introduced Tanya Sam as a new friend of the housewives, alongside Hampton. Moore appeared as a guest alongside Morton.\n\n\n=== Seasons 12–15 ===\nThe twelfth season premiered on November 3, 2019, with Moore returning full-time, and Hampton and Sam returning in recurring capacities. DeVoe did not return. Morton appeared as a guest. Marcille and Leakes announced their departure from the show in June 2020 and September 2020 respectively.\nThe thirteenth season premiered on December 6, 2020, with Drew Sidora joining as the newest Housewife. LaToya Ali joined as \"friend of the housewives\" alongside Hampton and Sam. Marcille returned as a guest alongside Morton as well as former housewives, Whitfield and Jordan. Bailey and Williams departed the series in September 2021.\nThe fourteenth season premiered on May 1, 2022. Burruss, Moore and Sidora returned, along with Hampton being promoted to a full-time cast member, after seasons in recurring and guest capacities. Whitfield also returned as a full-time cast member for a third time, along with the additions of Sanya Richards-Ross as a Housewife, and Mon",
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| When did the Real Housewives series that originates from the biggest city in the state where WEKL broadcasts begin? | [
{
"id": 131820,
"question": "Which state is WEKL located?",
"answer": "Georgia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 59747,
"question": "what is the largest city in #1 by population",
"answer": "Atlanta",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 43101,
"question": "when did the real housewives of #2 start",
"answer": "October 7, 2008",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| October 7, 2008 | []
| true | The Real Housewives series from the largest city of the state where WEKL transmits started when? |
4hop1__364476_439408_131976_90181 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Trial of Daniel Dean",
"paragraph_text": "The Daniel Dean Trial of Scott County, Virginia was a trial that took place in the town of Estiville (Gate City), Virginia in July 1877. What makes this trial unique is that it was the first and only time that an individual was convicted of murder in the state of Virginia based solely on circumstantial evidence.The Daniel Dean Trial of Scott County, Virginia was a trial that took place in the town of Estiville (Gate City), Virginia in July 1877. What makes this trial unique is that it was the first and only time that an individual was convicted of murder in the state of Virginia based solely on circumstantial evidence.The Daniel Dean Trial of Scott County, Virginia was a trial that took place in the town of Estiville, Virginia in July 1877. What makes this trial unique is that it was the first and only time that an individual was convicted of murder",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Virginia",
"paragraph_text": " split the state as the government in Richmond joined the Confederacy, but many northwestern counties remained loyal to the Union, which led to the separation of West Virginia in 1863.\nAlthough the state was under one-party rule for nearly a century following the Reconstruction era, both major political parties have been competitive in Virginia since the repeal of Jim Crow laws in the 1970s. Virginia's state legislature is the Virginia General Assembly, which was established in July 1619, making it the oldest current law-making body in North America. Unlike other states, cities and counties inVirginia has a total area of , including of water, making it the 35th-largest state by area. Virginia is bordered by Maryland and Washington, D.C. to the north and east; by the Atlantic Ocean to the east; by North Carolina to the south; by Tennessee to the southwest; by Kentucky to the west; and by West Virginia to the north and west. Virginia's boundary with Maryland and Washington, D.C. extends to the low-water mark of the south shore of the Potomac River. The southern border is defined as the 36° 30′ parallel north, though surveyor error led to deviations of as much as three arcminutes. The border with Tennessee was not settled until 1893, when their dispute was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Puerto Rico Trench",
"paragraph_text": "The Puerto Rico Trench is located on the boundary between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The oceanic trench is associated with a complex transition between the Lesser Antilles subduction zone to the south and the major transform fault zone or plate boundary, which extends west between Cuba and Hispaniola through the Cayman Trench to the coast of Central America. The trench is 800 kilometres (497 mi) long and has a maximum depth of 8,648 metres (28,373 ft) or 5.373 miles at Milwaukee Deep, which is the deepest point in the Atlantic Ocean and the deepest point not in the Pacific Ocean.",
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Winchester, Illinois",
"paragraph_text": "Winchester is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,650 at the 2000 census. Winchester is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.Winchester is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,650 at the 2000 census. Winchester is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.Winchester is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,593 at the 2010 census. Winchester is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the 2010 census, Winchester has a total area of 1.13 square miles (2.93 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 1,650 people, 727 households, and 460 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,551.3 inhabitants per square mile (599.0/km2). There were 778 housing units at an average density of 731.5 per square mile (282.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.88% White and 0.12% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.18% of the population.\nThere were 727 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.92.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 21.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.8 males.\nThe median income for a household in the city was $30,938, and the median income for a family was $40,592. Males had a median income of $31,410 versus $20,000 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,354. About 6.8% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.0% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over.\n\n\n== Notable people ==\nGreene Vardiman Black, the father of modern dentistry was born near Winchester. His descendants practiced medicine there through the 1960s.\nStephen Douglas moved to Winchester when he was 20 years old in 1833 to teach school. He had forty students who paid him $3 each per quarter. Douglas taught himself the law after school and soon left Winchester to work as a lawyer.\nGeorge O'Donnell, pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates; born in Winchester\nClyde Summers, labor lawyer and law professor at the Yale Law School and University of Pennsylvania Law School, subject of In re Summers\n\n\n== References ==Winchester is a city in and the county seat of Scott County, Illinois, United States. The population was 1,593 at the 2010 census. Winchester is part of the Jacksonville Micropolitan Statistical Area.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the 2010 census, Winchester has a total area of 1.13 square miles (2.93 km2), all land.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 1,650 people, 727 households, and 460 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,551.3 inhabitants per square mile (599.0/km2). There were 778 housing units at an average density of 731.5 per square mile (282.4/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 99.88% White and 0.12% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.18% of the population.\nThere were 727 households, out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.4% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.92.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 25.0% under the age of 18, 6.4% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from ",
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| Where is the ocean's greatest depth point located, in relation to the state wherein the county with the city of Winchester lies? | [
{
"id": 364476,
"question": "Winchester >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Scott County",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 439408,
"question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity",
"answer": "Virginia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 131976,
"question": "Which is the body of water by #2 ?",
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 90181,
"question": "what is the deepest part of #3",
"answer": "Milwaukee Deep",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| Milwaukee Deep | []
| true | What is the deepest part of the ocean, near the state, where the county that holds the city of Winchester is found? |
3hop1__49236_89752_49923 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "New England",
"paragraph_text": "The states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island. the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts, the second-largest city in New England; Manchester, New Hampshire, the largest city in New Hampshire; and Providence, Rhode Island, the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island. \nIn 1620, the Pilgrims established Plymouth Colony, the second successful settlement in British America after the Jamestown Settlement in Virginia, founded in 1607. Ten years later, Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony north of Plymouth Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars until the English colonists and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquian allies.\nIn the late 18th century, political leaders from the New England colonies initiated resistance to Britain's taxes without the consent of the colonists. Residents of Rhode Island captured and burned a British ship which was enforcing unpopular trade restrictions, and residents of Boston threw British tea into the harbor. Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government which the colonists called the \"Intolerable Acts\". TheseThe states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick to the northeast and Quebec to the north. The Gulf of Maine and Atlantic Ocean are to the east and southeast, and Long Island Sound is to the southwest. Boston is New England's largest city and the capital of Massachusetts. Greater Boston is the largest metropolitan area, with nearly a third of New England's population; this area includes Worcester, Massachusetts, the second-largest city in New England; Manchester, New Hampshire, the largest city in New Hampshire; and Providence, Rhode Island, the capital of and largest city in Rhode Island. \nIn 1620, the Pilgrims established Plymouth Colony, the second successful",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "List of counties in Maine",
"paragraph_text": ",372,247 inhabitants, and the 12th smallest by land area, spanning 30,842.92 square miles (79,882.8 km2). Maine is divided into 16 counties and contains 482 municipalities consisting of cities, towns, and plantations. In Maine, a plantation is an organized form of municipal self-government similar to but with less power than a town or a city. One difference is that plantations cannot make local ordinances. Unlike towns or cities, with few exceptions, this type of municipality usually includes the word Plantation as part of its full name, which is also commonly used locally.\nAs of 2023, Maine has 23 cities, 430 towns, and 29 plantations, listed below.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\n== Former municipalities ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of places in Maine\nList of counties in Maine\nList of unorganized territories in Maine\nMinor civil division\nTownship\nList of cities in the United States\nNew England town\nList of New England towns\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nMaine Local Government county, city and town searchMaine is a state located in the Northeastern United States. According to the 2020 United States census, Maine is the 9th least populous state, with 1,372,247 inhabitants, and the 12th smallest by land area, spanning 30,842.92 square miles (79,882.8 km2). Maine is divided into 16 counties and contains 482 municipalities consisting of cities, towns, and plantations. In Maine, a plantation is an organized form of municipal self-government similar to but with less power than a town or a city. One difference is thatThis is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed.This is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 12,
"title": "The Handmaid's Tale",
"paragraph_text": "The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in aThe Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The book was originally published in 1985. Set in a near - future New England, in a totalitarian, Christian theonomy that has overthrown the United States government. The novel focuses on the journey of the handmaid Offred. Her name derives from the possessive form ``of Fred ''; handmaids are forbidden to use their birth names and must echo the male, or master, for whom they serve.The Handmaid's Tale is a dystopian novel by Canadian author Margaret Atwood. The",
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| What is the number of counties in the biggest state from the region where the imaginary Gilead in the Handmaid's Tale is set? | [
{
"id": 49236,
"question": "where is gilead located in the handmaid's tale",
"answer": "New England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 89752,
"question": "what is the largest state in #1",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 49923,
"question": "how many counties are there in the state of #2",
"answer": "sixteen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| sixteen | []
| true | How many counties does the largest state in the region where the fictional Gilead in the Handmaid's Tale takes place have? |
2hop__15368_17873 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Buckingham Palace",
"paragraph_text": " landscape, where Buckingham engaged Henry Wise to lay out an elaborate garden in the French style, with parterres and a central canal. In the late 18th century, Buckingham House was acquired by George III whose heir, George IV used John Nash to remodel the house which was renamed Buckingham Palace. Nash engaged William Townsend Aiton to implement designs for a new garden. Aiton's work forms the basis of the garden that exists today.\nBuckingham Palace Garden is the setting for monarch's annual garden parties. In June 2002, Queen Elizabeth II invited the public into the garden for entertainment for the first time during her reign. As part of her Golden Jubilee Weekend thousands of Britons were invited to apply for tickets to Party at the Palace where the guitarist Brian May of the band Queen performed his God Save the Queen guitar solo on top of Buckingham Palace. This concert was preceded the previous evening by a Prom at the Palace. During the Queen's 80th birthday celebrations in 2006 the garden was the scene of Children's Party at the Palace.\nThe garden is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The planting is varied and exotic, with a mulberry tree dating back to the time of James I. Notable features include a large 19th-century lake which was once graced by a flock of flamingoes, and the Waterloo Vase. There is also a summerhouse attributed to William Kent, a helicopter landing pad on the great lawn below the West Terrace, and a tennis court. Unlike the nearby Royal Parks of London, Buckingham Palace Garden is not usually open to the public. However, when the palace is open during August and September, visitors have access to part of the garden, which forms the exit, via a gift shop in a marquee, at the end of the tour.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe garden at Buckingham Palace was formed from that created for the palace's predecessor, Buckingham House. The landscape design for the earlier garden was by Henry Wise. He constructed an elaborate formal garden with a long central canal running south from the rear of the house. Wise was paid the substantial sum of £1,000 per year for his services. Subsequently, work was undertaken by Capability Brown, who planned more than was achieved. The garden was redesigned at the time of the palace rebuilding by William Townsend Aiton of Kew Gardens and John Nash for George IV. The great manmade lake was completed in 1828 and was supplied with water from the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park.\nBeyond the lake is an artificial rise, called The Mound, made partly from soil that was excavated to build the lake. It was constructed to obscure the view of the Royal Mews from the palace. During the Victorian era, Prince Albert had a pavilion built on the mound. Known as the Milton, or Comus Pavilion, it was decorated with scenes from John Milton's masque Comus, painted by some of the leading artists of the day. Derelict after World War I, the pavilion was pulled down in 1928. \nThe garden is maintained by approximately eight full-time gardeners, with two or three part-timers. The trees include plane, Indian chestnut, silver maple, and a swamp cypress. In the south-west corner, there is a single surviving mulberry tree from the plantation installed by King James I of England when he unsuccessfully attempted to breed silkworms in the Mulberry Garden on the Buckingham Palace site. The garden now holds the UK's national collection of mulberry trees, housing some 40 varieties.\nThe garden is regularly surveyed for its moths by staff from the Natural History Museum, and occasionally visited by the Queen's swans. A tennis court was constructed in the garden in Widowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year.BuckinghamWidowed in 1861, the grief-stricken Queen withdrew from public life and left Buckingham Palace to live at Windsor Castle, Balmoral Castle and Osborne House. For many years the palace was seldom used, even neglected. In 1864, a note was found pinned to the fence of Buckingham Palace, saying: \"These commanding premises to be let or sold, in consequence of the late occupant's declining business.\" Eventually, public opinion forced the Queen to return to London, though even then she preferred to live elsewhere whenever possible. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year. much of the area of the former Goring Great Garden, named after Lord Goring, occupant of one of the earliest grand houses on the site. In 1664 Goring's mansion, and the lease on the grounds, was bought by Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington. In 1674 the house was destroyed by fire and Arlington built a replacement, named Arlington House, on the site. This house was sold by Arlington's daughter to John Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave. Created Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703, Buckingham commissioned a new mansion for the site, named Buckingham House. His architect was William Talman and his builder William Winde. Similar attention was paid to the landscape, where Buckingham engaged Henry Wise to lay out an elaborate garden in the French style, with parterres and a central canal. In the late 18th century, Buckingham House was acquired by George III whose heir, George IV used John Nash to remodel the house which was renamed Buckingham Palace. Nash engaged William Townsend Aiton to implement designs for a new garden. Aiton's work forms the basis of the garden that exists today.\nBuckingham Palace Garden is the setting for monarch's annual garden parties. In June 2002, Queen Elizabeth II invited the public into the garden for entertainment for the first time during her reign. As part of her Golden Jubilee Weekend thousands of Britons were invited to apply for tickets to Party at the Palace where the guitarist Brian May of the band Queen performed his God Save the Queen guitar solo on top of Buckingham Palace. This concert was preceded the previous evening by a Prom at the Palace. During the Queen's 80th birthday celebrations in 2006 the garden was the scene of Children's Party at the Palace.\nThe garden is Grade II* listed on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The planting is varied and exotic, with a mulberry tree dating back to the time of James I. Notable features include a large 19th-century lake which was once graced by a flock of flamingoes, and the Waterloo Vase. There is also a summerhouse attributed to William Kent, a helicopter landing pad on the great lawn below the West Terrace, and a tennis court. Unlike the nearby Royal Parks of London, Buckingham Palace Garden is not usually open to the public. However, when the palace is open during August and September, visitors have access to part of the garden, which forms the exit, via a gift shop in a marquee, at the end of the tour.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe garden at Buckingham Palace was formed from that created for the palace's predecessor, Buckingham House. The landscape design for the earlier garden was by Henry Wise. He constructed an elaborate formal garden with a long central canal running south from the rear of the house. Wise was paid the substantial sum of £1,000 per",
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"idx": 17,
"title": "Elizabeth II",
"paragraph_text": " Protestant rebels.\nUpon her half-sister's death in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, whom she created Baron Burghley. One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the supreme governor. This era, later named the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, would evolve into the Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir; however, despite numerous courtshipsElizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Additionally, she is Head of the Commonwealth and Queen of 12 countries that have become independent since her accession: Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and Barbuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis.Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death in 1603. She was the last monarch of the House of Tudor.\nElizabeth was the only surviving child of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. When Elizabeth was two years old, her parents' marriage was annulled, her mother was executed, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Henry restored her to the line of succession when she was 10, via the Third Succession Act 1543. After Henry's death in 1547, Elizabeth's younger half-brother Edward VI ruled until his own death in 1553, bequeathing the crown to a Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters, the Catholic Mary and the younger Elizabeth, in spite of statutes to the contrary. Edward's will was set aside within weeks of his death and Mary became queen, deposing and executing Jane. During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.\nUpon her half-sister's death in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, whom she created Baron Burghley. One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the supreme governor. This era, later named the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, would evolve into the Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce an heir; however, despite numerous courtships, she never did, and because of this she is sometimes referred to as the \"Virgin Queen\". She was eventually succeeded by her firstThe Queen surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch in December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch on 9 September 2015. She was celebrated in Canada as the \"longest-reigning sovereign in Canada's modern era\". (King Louis XIV of France reigned over part of Canada for longer.) She is the longest-reigning queen regnant in history, the world's oldest reigning monarch and second-longest-serving current head of state after King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand., via the Third Succession Act 1543. After Henry's death in 1547, Elizabeth's younger half-brother Edward VI ruled until his own death in 1553, bequeathing the crown to a Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, and ignoring the claims of his two half-sisters, the Catholic Mary and the younger Elizabeth, in spite of statutes to the contrary. Edward's will was set aside within weeks of his death and Mary became queen, deposing and executing Jane. During Mary's reign, Elizabeth was imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.\nUpon her half-sister's death in 1558, Elizabeth succeeded to the throne and set out to rule by good counsel. She depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, whom she created Baron Burghley. One of her first actions as queen was the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the supreme governor. This era, later named the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, would evolve into the Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry and produce",
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| After Queen Elizabeth became the longest living British monarch, what was the fate of Buckingham Palace? | [
{
"id": 15368,
"question": "Who did Elizabeth surpass in longest lived British monarch?",
"answer": "Queen Victoria",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 17873,
"question": "What happened to Buckingham after #1 left?",
"answer": "palace was seldom used, even neglected",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
}
]
| palace was seldom used, even neglected | [
"palace",
"Palace"
]
| true | What happened to Buckingham palace after the queen Elizabeth surpassed as the longest lived British monarch left? |
4hop3__312119_132409_223216_35031 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featuredPapa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead",
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"idx": 9,
"title": "Getting Away with Murder (song)",
"paragraph_text": " bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory. The song is also the former theme song for \"WWE Tough Enough\". It was featured in the 2004 video game \"\" It was also featured in the video game \"MX vs. ATV Unleashed\" in 2005. A \"clean\" remix of the song called \"Getting Away With... (Gran Turismo 4 Vrenna/Walsh Remix)\" was featured in \"Gran Turismo 4\"; it was a bit faster, had the heavily distorted guitars toned down, and had a backing whisper of the words \"getting away\" instead of \"..with murder\".\"\"Getting Away with Murder\" is the first single from the band Papa Roach's third album, \"Getting Away with Murder\". The song shows the band's new sound, the sound of the song is hard rock instead of their previous nu metal sound. The song also features no rapping at all, something that was used in Papa Roach's previous singles. The video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a Stock Exchange Hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as \"stocks and bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory. The song is also the former theme song for \"WWE Tough Enough\". It was featured in the 2004 video game \"\" It was also featured in the video game \"MX vs. ATV Unleashed\" in 2005. A \"clean\" remix of the song called \"Getting Away With... (Gran Turismo 4 Vrenna/Walsh Remix)\" was featured in \"Gran Turismo 4\"; it was a bit faster, had the heavily distorted guitars toned down, and had a backing whisper of the words \"getting away\" instead of \"..with murder\". the political world (in the Middle East), or about these big, huge corporations who are so corrupt.\"\n\n\n== Music video ==\nThe video is performance-based, showing the band playing in a stock exchange hall with references filled with fans (including sexual imagery which led the band's lead singer Jacoby Shaddix to describe the video as \"stocks and bondage\" in an MTV2 interview). It was directed by Motion Theory.\n\nIn the opening twenty seconds, all of the band members are shown as workers in the stock exchange.\nThere are references to WarGames, Florida and Global Thermonuclear War calculations on the display screens in the background. Occasionally messages flash up during the\"Getting Away with Murder\" is the first single from the band Papa Roach's third album, \"Getting Away with Murder\". The song shows the band's new sound, the sound of the song is hard rock instead of their previous nu metal sound. The song also features no rapping at all, something that was used in Papa Ro",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": " climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America.\nThere are 16 military installations of the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County. These include Naval Base San Diego, Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, Naval Air Station North Island, Marine CorpsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746,The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 16,
"title": "Pathology (band)",
"paragraph_text": "Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (previously with The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). The band were signed to Victory Records for an over three-year period, but now are currently signed to Sevared Records, an independent New York-based death metal label.Pathology is an American death metal band from San Diego, California, formed in 2006 by drummer Dave Astor (Ex member and co founder of The Locust and Cattle Decapitation). Known for their brutal and aggressive sound, the band has released several albums and gained a dedicated following within the death metal community. Their lyrics often revolve around themes of gore, violence, and medical pathology. The band's lineup has changed over the years, but they continue to create intense and uncompromising music.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 2006, the band released Surgically Hacked (Amputated Vein Records) which was followed by a full-length debut Incisions of Perverse Debauchery (Grind",
"is_supporting": true
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| In the ranking of the top five biggest urban areas in the state where the artist who performs 'Getting Away With Murder' originated, what position does the city, where the band 'Pathology' was established, hold? | [
{
"id": 312119,
"question": "Getting Away with Murder >> performer",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
},
{
"id": 223216,
"question": "Pathology >> location of formation",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| third-largest | []
| true | Where does the city where Pathology was formed rank among the top five largest urban areas of the state where the performer of Getting Away With Murder was formed? |
2hop__68981_39234 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Tajikistan",
"paragraph_text": ", before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the countryThe Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.TThe Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland. by people of various faiths and cultures including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire, before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the countryThe Kushan Empire, a collection of Yuezhi tribes, took control of the region in the first century CE and ruled until the 4th century CE during which time Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and Manichaeism were all practiced in the region. Later the Hephthalite Empire, a collection of nomadic tribes, moved into the region and Arabs brought Islam in the early eighth century. Central Asia continued in its role as a commercial crossroads, linking China, the steppes to the north, and the Islamic heartland.Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Dushanbe is the capital and most populous city. Tajikistan is bordered by Afghanistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east. It is separated from Pakistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor. It has a population of approximately ten million.\nThe territory was previously home to cultures of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age, including the city of Sarazm, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of various faiths and cultures including the Oxus civilization, Andronovo culture, Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Islam. The area has been ruled by empires and dynasties including the Achaemenid Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire, Samanid Empire, and Mongol Empire. After being ruled by the Timurid Empire and Khanate of Bukhara, the Timurid Renaissance flourished. The region was later conquered by the Russian Empire, before becoming part of the Soviet Union. Within the Soviet Union, the country's borders were drawn when it was part of Uzbekistan as an autonomous republic before becoming a constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1929.\nOn 9 September 1991, Tajikistan declared itself an independent sovereign nation as the Soviet Union was disintegrating. A civil war was fought after independence, lasting from May 1992 to June 1997. Since the end of the war, newly established political stability and foreign aid have allowed the country's economy to grow. The country has been led by Emomali Rahmon since 1994, who heads an authoritarian regime and whose human rights record has been criticised.\nTajikistan is a presidential republic consisting of four provinces. Tajiks form the ethnic majority in the country, and their national language is Tajik, a variety of Persian. Russian is used as the official inter-ethnic language. While the state is constitutionally secular, Islam is nominally adhered to by 97.5% of the population. In the Gorno-Badakhshan oblast, there is a linguistic diversity where Rushani, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Wakhi and Tajik are some of the languages spoken. Mountains cover more than 90% of the country. It is a developing country with a transitional economy that is dependent on remittances, and on production of aluminium and cotton. Tajikistan is a member of the United Nations, CIS, OSCE, OIC, ECO, SCO, CSTO and a NATO PfP partner.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe term Tajik itself ultimately derives starting 8-9th centuries from the Middle Persian Tojik, which mean Crowned or King and this symbol of crown also represented on middle of flag of Tajikistan Republic. In one of main famous places of capital city in Dushanbe where located Independence Square with Crown Monument in center as main national simbol of Tajiks. Deriving of termin started to appear when eastern iranic tribes such as Sogdians Bactrians Khorasmians Parthians Margians Parikanians Sakkas Massagetians and Tocharians started unifing together in Khurasan basin",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 13,
"title": "Religion in Asia",
"paragraph_text": "Indonesia is 86% Muslim and is the country with the largest Muslim population in the world, Pakistan is 97% Muslim, Bangladesh is 89%.\nIndia's Muslim population is 14% of the total, approximately 200 million people, which grew because of pluralist mindset of native Indian religions. Around 6-11 percent, some 6 - 12 million people in the Philippines are Muslim. \nThailand's Muslims make up 4.6 percent of the population, or approximately 3 million people. Also Sri Lanka's Muslims make up 10 percent of the population, or approximately 2.5 million people\nBangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Qatar, Kuwait, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Maldives, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Yemen, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Jordan, Palestine and Lebanon are the 27 Muslim majority states in Asia with most having Sharia as constitution and being non-secular with ban on recognition of other religions.\n\n\n=== Bahá��í Faith ===\n\nThe Bahá��í Faith is an Abrahamic religion although it is quite different from Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. It was so founded by Bahá'u'lláh in what was then Persia (also known as Iran). Today the largest national population of Bahá��ís is in India with between 1.7 million to over 2 million, where there is also the Lotus Temple. Significant populations are found in many countries including Vietnam and Malaysia where \"about 1%\", some 260,000, of the population are Bahá'ís. In other places, like Kazakhstan there are 25 Local Spiritual Assemblies.\nIn modern-day Iran, the religion is severely persecuted (see Persecution of Bahá��ís). In neighboring Turkmenistan, Bahá��í Faith is effectively banned, and individuals have had their homes raided for Bahá��í literature.\n\n\n=== Druze ===\n\nDruze are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as The People of Monotheism (Al-Muwa������idūn). Jethro of Midian is considered an ancestor of Druze, who revere him as their spiritual founder and chief prophet. It is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion based on the teachings of Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad and the sixth Fatimid caliph, al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, and Ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras, and Zeno of Citium. Druze do not identify as Muslims.\nThe number of Druze people worldwide is between 800,000 and one million, with the vast majority residing in the Levant. The Institute of Druze Studies estimates that 40–50% of Druze live in Syria, 30–40% in Lebanon, 6–7% in Israel, and 1–2% in Jordan. About 2% of the Druze population are also scattered within other countries in the Middle East.\nThe Lebanese Druze are believed to constitute about 5.2 percent or 250,000, Syrian Druze are believed to constitute an estimated 3.2 percent of the population (as of 2010), or approximately 700,000 persons (including residents of the Golan Heights). In 2019, there were 143,000 Druze living in Israel, 1.6% of the total population of the country. The Jordanian Druze are believed to constitute about 0.5% of the total population of Jordan, which is around 32,000.\n\n\n== East Asian religions ==\n\nEast Asian religions (also known as Far Eastern religions, Chinese religions, or Taoic religions) form a subset of the Eastern religions.\n\n\n=== Confucianism ===\n\nConfucianism was founded in ancient China by Confucius (551 B.C.E. - 479). Confucianism is a complex of moral, social, political, philosophical, and religious concerns that permeated the culture and history of East Asia. Confucianism emphasizes family, social hierarchy, and personal integrity and is manifested in practices and attitudes rather than institutions and is centered on the family and local society. It was, however, considered the state religion of East Asian countries in some periods. Today the Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese diasporas have brought Confucianism to all parts of the world.\n\n\nCountry Population Christian Islam Irreligion Hindu Buddhist Folk religion Other religion Jewish Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Pop.% Brunei 400,000 37,600 9.40 300,400 75.10 1,600 0.40 1,200 0.30 34,400 8.60 24,800 6.20 400 0.10 0 0.00 Burma 47,960,000 3,740,880 7.80 1,918,400 4.00 239,800 0.50 815,320 1.70 38,415,960 80.10 2,781,680 5.80 95,920 0.20 0 0.00 Cambodia 14,140,000 56,560 0.40 282,800 2.00 28,280 0.20 0 0.00 13,701,660 96.90 84,840 0.60 0 0.00 0 0.00 Indonesia 239,870,000 23,747,130 9.90 209,166,640 87.20 240,000 0.10 4,077,790 1.70 1,679,090 0.70 719,610 0.30 239,870 0.10 0 0.00 Laos 6,200,000 93,000 1.50 0 0.00 55,800 0.90 0 0.00 4,092,000 66.00 1,903,400 30.70 43,400 0.70 0 0.00 Malaysia 28,400,000 2,669,600 9.40 18,090,800 63.70 198,800 0.70 1,704,000 6.00 5,026,800 17.70 653,200 2.30 56,800 0.20 0 0.00 Philippines 105,000,000 89,000,000 85.00 5,127,000 5.50 7,350,000 7.00 10,000 0.00 1,758,000 1.50 1,398,900 1.50 93,260 0.10 28,473 0.03 Singapore 5,090,000 926,380 18.20 727,870 14.30 834,760 16.40 264,680 5.20 1,725,510 33.90 117,070 2.30 493,730 9.70 0 0.00 Thailand 69,120,000 622,080 0.90 3,801,600 5.50 207,360 0.30 69,120 0.10 64,419,840 93.20 60,000 0.09 0 0.00 0 0.00 Timor - Leste 1,120,000 1,115,520 99.60 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 1,120 0.10 0 0.00 0 0.00 Vietnam 94,700,000 7,765,400 8.20 175,700 0.20 28,031,200 29.60 151,200 0.16 15,530,800 16.40 42,899,100 45.30 351,400 0.40 0 0.00 Total 593,410,000 116,571,210 21.33 245,594,630 40.38 31,903,260 4.70 6,932,110 1.17 143,582,660 24.20 47,540,670 8.01 1,374,780 0.23 28,437 0.00arm. Sikhism originated from the word Sikh, which in turn comes from the Sanskrit root śhi���hya meaning \"disciple\" or \"learner\", or śhik���ha meaning \"instruction\".\nSikhism is the 4th largest religion in India with 2% of the total population being Sikh. There is also a large concentration of Sikhs in Malaysia, Thailand, Myanmar, the Philippines, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia, Kuwait and U.A.E.\n\n\n== Abrahamic religions ==\n\n\n=== Judaism ===\nJudaism is the predominant religion in Israel (75.6%), which has a nominal Jewish population of about 6.1 million.\nOutside of Israel there are small diaspora communities of Jewish people living in Turkey (17,400), Azerbaijan (9,100), Iran (8,756), India (5,000) and Uzbekistan (4,000).\n\n\n=== Christianity ===\n\nChristianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth. Its adherents, known as Christians, believe that Jesus is the Christ, whose coming as the Messiah was prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, called the Old Testament in Christianity, and chronicled in the New Testament which are brought together in the Christian Bible as canonical scripture. It is the world's largest religion with about 2.4 billion followers and is culturally and traditionally diverse. Christianity is a widespread minority religion in Asia with more than 286 million adherents according to Pew Research Center in 2010, and nearly 364 million according to Britannica Book of the Year 2014. constituting around 12.6% of the total population of Asia.\nOnly six countries are predominantly Christian: Asian Russia which predominantly adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church; Cyprus, which is predominantly Orthodox; the Philippines, which is the third-largest Roman Catholic nation in the world; Timor Leste, which is the most overwhelming Christian (99.6%) and Roman Catholic nation in Asia (97.6%); Armenia, which was the first state to adopt a Christian denomination as its state religion; and Georgia (88.1). Christianity also accounts for 29.2% of South Korea's population (54.5% of its religious population) and is now the predominant religion in South Korea, Christianity is also a large minority religion in Lebanon accounting for 40% of its population. Christianity is also a large minority religion in Kazakhstan (26%), Singapore (18.3%), and Kyrgyzstan (17%).\n\nAsian countries with large Christian populations are Philippines (84 million), China (68 million), India (30 million), Indonesia (28 million), Kazakhstan (4.7 million), South Korea (15 million), Vietnam (7 million), Georgia (4.6 million), Armenia (3.2 million), Malaysia (2.6 million), Japan (2.5 million), Pakistan (2.5 million), Uzbekistan (2.5 million), Syria (1.8 million), Sri Lanka (1.5 million), East Timor (1.2 million) and Taiwan (one million).\nThere are still large ancient communities of Middle Eastern Christians and Arab Christians in Lebanon, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel and Palestine numbering more than 3 million in West Asia. There are also a large populations of expatriate workers which include a sizeable Christian communities live in Arabian Peninsula numbering more than 3 million.\n\n\n=== Islam ===\n\nIslam is a monotheistic and Abrahamic religion articulated by the Qur'an, a book considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of God (Allāh) and by the teachings and normative example (called the Sunnah and composed of hadith) of Muhammad, considered by them to be the last prophet of God. Islam is the single largest religion in Asia with about 1.3 billion adherents. Asia constitute in absolute terms the world's Muslim population. South and Southeast Asia are home of the most populous Muslim countries,",
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| Which empire introduced the practices of the predominant religion in Southeast Asia? | [
{
"id": 68981,
"question": "what is the most common religion in southeast asia",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 13
},
{
"id": 39234,
"question": "What empire brought #1 practices with them?",
"answer": "Hephthalite Empire,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| Hephthalite Empire, | [
"Hephthalite Empire",
"Ephthalite Empire"
]
| true | What empire brought the practices of the most common religion in Southeast Asia? |
3hop2__158279_71753_70784 | [
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Shiraz",
"paragraph_text": ", citrus fruits, cotton and rice. Industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries. 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz.Shirin (Persian: شیرین; died 628) was wife of the Sasanian emperor Khosrow II (r.��590–628). In the revolution after the death of Khosrow's father Hormizd IV, the General Bahram Chobin took power over the Persian empire. Shirin fled with Khosrow to Roman Syria, where they lived under the protection of Byzantine emperor Maurice.\nIn 591, Khosrow returned to Persia to take control of the empire and Shirin was made queen. She used her new influence to support the Christian minority in Iran, but the political situation demanded that she do so discreetly. Initially, she belonged to the Church of the East but later she joined the miaphysite church of Antioch, now known as the Syriac Orthodox Church. After the Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem of 614 amidst the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, the Sasanians captured the True Cross of Jesus and brought it to their capital Ctesiphon, where Shirin took the cross in her palace.\nLong after her death Shirin became an important heroine of Persian literature, as a model of a faithful lover and wife. She appears in the Shahnameh and the romance Khosrow and Shirin by Nizami Ganjavi (1141−1209), and is referred to in very many other works. Her elaborated story in literatureShiraz is the economic center of southern Iran. The second half of the 19th century witnessed certain economic developments that greatly changed the economy of Shiraz. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 allowed the extensive import into southern Iran of inexpensive European factory-made goods, either directly from Europe or via India. Farmers in unprecedented numbers began planting cash crops such as opium poppy, tobacco, and cotton. Many of these export crops passed through Shiraz on their way to the Persian Gulf. Iranian long-distance merchants from Fars developed marketing networks for these commodities, establishing trading houses in Bombay, Calcutta, Port Said, Istanbul and even Hong Kong.Shiraz's economic base is in its provincial products, which include grapes, citrus fruits, cotton and rice. Industries such as cement production, sugar, fertilizers, textile products, wood products, metalwork and rugs dominate. Shirāz also has a major oil refinery and is also a major center for Iran's electronic industries. 53% of Iran's electronic investment has been centered in Shiraz.",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Geography of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_text": "The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of the eastern and western coastal areas, the densely populated interior oases, and the vast, almost empty deserts. coastal border of almost 1,800 km (1,100 mi) that extends to the southern part of Yemen and follows a mountain ridge for approximately 320 km (200 mi) to the vicinity of Najran. This sectionThe Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a country situated in Southwest Asia, the largest country of Arabia, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen. Its extensive coastlines on the Persian Gulf and Red Sea provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Persian Gulf and Suez Canal. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Oman, and the Republic of Yemen (formerly two separate countries: the Yemen Arab Republic or North Yemen; and the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen or South Yemen) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown. The Saudi government estimate is at 2,217,949 square kilometres, while other reputable estimates vary between 2,149,690 and 2,240,000 sq. kilometres. Less than 1% of the total area is suitable for cultivation, and in the early 1990s, population distribution varied greatly among the towns of",
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{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Israel",
"paragraph_text": " alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (from ancestor Eber), Zion, and Judea, were considered but rejected. The name Israel was suggested by Ben-Gurion and passed by a vote of 6–3Israel (/ ˈɪzreɪəl /; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل ), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל , Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل ), is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea. It has land borders with Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan on the east, the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west, respectively, and Egypt to the southwest. The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area. Israel's economy and technology center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over East Jerusalem is not recognised internationally. The population of Israel was estimated in 2017 to be 8,777,580 people, of whom 74.7% were Jewish, 20.8% Arab and 4.5% others. who emigrated, fled, or were expelled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is widely considered illegal under international law, and has effectively annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel's practices in its occupation of the Palestinian territories have drawn sustained international criticism along with accusations that it has committed war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinian people from human rights organizations and United Nations officials.\nThe country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel is the only country to have a revived language, Hebrew, as the official language. The culture of Israel is composed of Jewish culture and Jewish diaspora influences, alongside elements of Arab culture, involving cuisine, music, and art. Israel has one of the biggest and most advanced economies in the Middle East. It also has one of the highest GDP per capita as well as standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, it’s one of most technological developed countries. The country has been a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development since 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nUnder the British Mandate (1920–1948), the whole region was known as Palestine. Upon establishment in 1948, the country formally adopted the name State of Israel (Hebrew: מ��ד��י����ת ����ש����ר��א��ל, [medi��nat jis��a����el]; Arabic: دَوْلَة إِسْرَا��ِيل, Dawlat Isrā��īl, [dawlat ��isra������i��l]) after other proposed names including Land of Israel (Eretz Israel), Ever (",
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| Which area is situated directly above the location of Israel and the end point of exported agricultural products? | [
{
"id": 158279,
"question": "Where was the final destination for the export crops ?",
"answer": "Persian Gulf",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 71753,
"question": "what region of the world is israel located",
"answer": "Middle East,",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 70784,
"question": "what region lies immediately to the north of #2 and #1",
"answer": "Kingdom of Saudi Arabia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
}
]
| Kingdom of Saudi Arabia | [
"sa",
"Saudi Arabia"
]
| true | What region is directly north of where Israel and the final destination of export crops is? |
4hop3__387712_132409_371500_35031 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "San Diego",
"paragraph_text": "The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census. of any county in the United States.\nSan Diego County comprises the San Diego–Chula Vista–Carlsbad, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1, 2012. San Diego County is also part of the San Diego–Tijuana transborder metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico.\nSan Diego County has more than 70 miles (113 km) of coastline. This forms the most densely populated region of the county, which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extends into the Desert Southwest region",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 4,
"title": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). ThePapa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead",
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},
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"idx": 6,
"title": "Jacoby Shaddix",
"paragraph_text": "\", with the focus being described as \"to create a brand that represents the rock community and showcases their unique creative vision\".\n\n\n== Music career ==\n\n\n=== Papa Roach (1993–present) ===\n\nShaddix is the founding member of Papa Roach. He formed the band with former drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and guitarist Ben Luther, in 1993. Luther was replaced by currentShaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18,Shaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\". and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".\nShaddix is one of the co-owners of a rock-inspired clothing line with designer Jeff Henry called \"Lovers Are Lunatics\", with the focus being described as \"to create a brand that represents the rock community and showcases their unique creative vision\".\n\n\n== Music career ==\n\n\n=== Papa Roach (1993–present) ===\n\nShaddix is the founding member of Papa Roach. He formed the band with former drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and guitarist Ben Luther, in 1993. Luther was replaced by currentShaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Sh",
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},
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Veoh",
"paragraph_text": " to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMGVeoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso.VVeoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso. is also available as an app on selected smart TVs, digital video recorders, digital media players and streaming television services. The service once offered a consumer mobile and tablet app; however this was shut down in May 2018 to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMGVeoh is an Internet television company based in San Diego, California. It allows users to find and watch major studio content, independent productions and user-generated material. The company is a subsidiary of Israeli start-up Qlipso.Vevo LLC ( VEE-voh, an abbreviation for \"Video Evolution\", stylized in all caps until 2013) is an American multinational video hosting service, best known for providing music videos to YouTube. The service is also available as an app on selected smart TVs, digital video recorders, digital media players and streaming television services. The service once offered a consumer mobile and tablet app; however this was shut down in May 2018 to allow the service to focus on its other platforms.\nThe service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies: Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME) and EMI. In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo.\nInitially, the service hosted only music videos from Universal Music Group and Sony Music Entertainment, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, Warner Music Group was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and a deal with WMG was completed on August 2, 2016, making again the entirety of the \"big three\" record companies' music available on Vevo.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe concept for Vevo was described as being a streaming service for music videos (similar to the Hulu streaming service for movies and TV shows after they air), with the goal being to attract more high-end advertisers. The site's other revenue sources include a merchandise store and referral links to purchase viewed songs on Amazon Music and iTunes. UMG acquired the domain name vevo.com on November 20, 2008. SME reached a deal to add its content to the site in June 2009. The site went live on December 8, 2009, and later that same month became the number one most visited music site in the United States, overtaking Myspace Music. Upon Vevo's launch, many YouTube videos added by Vevo over the course of the year had their views inflated. In early 2013, these views were subtracted from various Vevo channels, most notably Lady Gaga's Vevo channel. The affected videos include the \"Just Dance\" video, which lost more than half of its existing views. Other affected videos include \"Heartless\" and \"Toxic\", whose graphs showed similar traces of inflation.\nIn June 2012, Vevo launched its Certified awards, which honors artists with at least 100 million video views on Vevo and its partners (including YouTube) through special features on the Vevo website.\nIn 2017, Vevo announced in a brief online statement the departure of Erik Huggers as the company's president and CEO and his replacement by CFO Alan Price as the interim CEO.\nIn April 2018, Vevo's YouTube channel was hacked by two hackers using the name of Prosox and Kuroi'SH and caused the renaming of many videos and the deletion of the most viewed YouTube video, \"Despacito\" by Luis Fonsi.\nOn May 24, 2018, Vevo announced that it was shutting down its consumer website and removing its app from mobile platforms, so that it could focus on YouTube syndication. However, Vevo is still available through various apps and devices including YouTube, DVRs, smart TVs, gaming consoles and streaming devices such as Roku. In October 2020, it was announced that Vevo partnered with Netherlands-based music video service Xite.\n\n\n=== Vevo TV ===\nOn March 15, 2013, Vevo launched Vevo TV, an Internet television channel running 24 hours a day, featuring blocks of music videos and specials. The channel was only available to viewers in North America and Germany, with geographical IP address blocking being used to enforce the restriction. Vevo had planned launches in other countries. After revamping its website, Vevo TV later branched off into three separate networks: Hits, Flow (hip hop and R&B), and Nashville (country music). Vevo shut down the service during the first half of 2016 as part of a site-wide redesign.\nVevo TV ran on an automated schedule, similar to video-exclusive networks run by Paramount Media Networks. Music videos would play twice within an hour and original programming, such as Top 10 Now and Vevo Lift, would air several times per day. After rebranding in 2016, Vevo TV was slowly phased out. Vevo's mobile app continued to run the channel until they were relaunched later that year.\n\n\n== Availability ==\nVevo was available in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, the Philippines, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. The website was scheduled to go worldwide in 2010, but as of March 23, 2018, it was still not available outside these countries. Vevo's official blog cited licensing issues for the delay in the worldwide rollout. Most of Vevo's videos on YouTube are viewable by users in other countries, while others will produce the message \"The uploader has not made this video available in your country.\"\nThe Vevo service in the United Kingdom and Ireland was launched on April 26, 2011. On April 16, 2012, Vevo was launched in Australia and New Zealand by MCM Entertainment. On August 14, 2012, Brazil became the first Latin American country to have the service. It was expected to be launched in six more European and Latin American countries in 2012. Vevo launched in Spain, Italy, and France on November 15, 2012. Vevo launched in the Netherlands on April 3, 2013, and on May 17, 2013, also in Poland. On September ",
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| In the state where Jacoby Shaddix's band was established, where does the city with Veoh's main offices stand in the ranking of the five biggest urban regions? | [
{
"id": 387712,
"question": "Jacoby Shaddix >> member of",
"answer": "Papa Roach",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 132409,
"question": "What city was #1 formed in?",
"answer": "California",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 371500,
"question": "Veoh >> headquarters location",
"answer": "San Diego",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 35031,
"question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?",
"answer": "third-largest",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| third-largest | []
| true | Among the top five largest urban areas in the state Jacoby Shaddix' band formed in, where does the city Veoh's headquarters are located rank? |
4hop1__726675_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": " North America on behalf of England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAccounts differ as to Sebastian Cabot's place and date of birth. The historian James Williamson reviewed the evidence for various given dates in the 1480s and concluded that Sebastian was born not later than 1484, the son of John Cabot, a Venetian citizen credited with Genoese or Gaetan origins by birth, and of Mattea Caboto, also Venetian. Late in life, Cabot himself told Englishman Richard Eden that he was born in Bristol, and that he travelled back to Venice with his parents at four years of age, returning again with his father, so that he was thought to be Venetian. At another time, he told the Venetian ambassador at the court of Charles V, Gasparo Contarini (who noted it in his diary), that he was Venetian, educated in England. In 1515 Sebastian's friend Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that Cabot was a Venetian by birth, but that his father (John Cabot) had taken him to England as a child. His father had lived in Venice from 1461, as he received citizenship (which required 15 years' residency) in 1476. The Caboto family moved to England in 1495 if not before.\nSebastian, his elder brother Ludovico and his younger brother Santo were included by name with their father in the royal letters patent from King Henry VII of March 1496 authorizing their father's expeditions across the Atlantic. They are believed by some historians, including Rodney Skelton, still to have been minors since they were not mentioned in the 1498 patent their father also received. John Cabot sailed from Bristol on the small ship Matthew and reached the coast of a \"New Found Land\" on 24 June 1497. Historians have differed as to where Cabot landed, but two likely locations often suggested are Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.\n\n\n=== 1494 Cabot scouting expedition ===\nAccording to Cartografía Marítima Hispana, Sebastian Cabot included a handwritten text in Latin on his famous map of North America (published in Antwerp, 1544) claiming to have discovered North America with his father in 1494, three years before his father's voyage. Sancho Gutierrez repeated this text in Castilian on his 1551 map. \nPlaced nextSebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.etian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic and a Venetian citizen. He was the son of Venetian explorer John Cabot (",
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"idx": 6,
"title": "César Gaytan",
"paragraph_text": " July 15, 1993 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is an undefeated Mexican professional boxer in the Bantamweight division.LCésar Gaytan (born July 15, 1993 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is an undefeated Mexican professional boxer in the Bantamweight division..\nAngélica Aragón, Leticia Calderón, Héctor Bonilla and Eduardo Palomo starred as protagonists, Margarita GraliaCésar Gaytan (born July 15, 1993 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico) is an undefeated Mexican professional boxer in the Bantamweight division.La casa al final de la calle (English title: The house at the end of the street) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa in 1989.\nAngélica Aragón, Leticia Calderón, Héctor Bonilla and Eduardo Palomo starred as protagonists, Margarita Gralia and Guillermo García Cantú starred as co-protagonists, while José Alonso starred as antagonist. Luis Bayardo and Saby Kamalich starred.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n== Awards ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLa casa al final de la calle at IMDbLa casa al final de la calle (English title: The house at the end of the street) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa in 1989.\nAngélica Aragón, Leticia Calderón, Héctor Bonilla and Eduardo Palomo starred as protagonists, Margarita Gralia and Guillermo García Cantú starred as co-protagonists, while José Alonso starred as antagonist. Luis Bayardo and Saby Kamalich starred.\n\n\n== Cast ==\n\n\n== Awards ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nLa casa al final de la calle at IMDbLa casa al final de la calle (English title: The house at the end of the street) is a Mexican telenovela produced by Juan Osorio for Televisa in 1989.\nAngélica Aragón, Leticia Calderón, Héctor Bonilla and Eduardo Palomo starred as protagonists, Margarita Gralia and Guillermo García Cantú starred as co-protagonists, while José Alonso starred as antagonist. Luis Bayardo and Saby",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": " Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996. She has a master's degree in Economics and Regional Management from Austral University and a master's in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.\n\n\n== Political career ==\n\nNarváez entered public administration in Los Lagos Region, where she worked in the National Women's Service (SERNAM) and was regional secretary of labor. In the first government of Michelle Bachelet, she served as regional programming manager. In June 2008, she was designated by Bachelet as presidential delegate for Palena Province, on the occasion of the eruption of the volcano Chaitén that began in May of that year. She remained in the position until 5 May 2009.\nIn October 2009, she became lead spokesperson of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, presidential candidate for the Concertación. In 2010 she traveled to India to study English, and upon her return to Chile that September, she worked at the Dialoga Foundation. In 2011 she emigrated to the United States to pursue a master's degree and to do an internship at UN Women – while Michelle Bachelet was executive director – where she was a program advisor for Latin America and the Caribbean.\n\nShe returned to Chile in 2014, when she was appointed chief of staff of Bachelet's second government, beginning on 11 March. She remained in office until July 2014, leaving due to her twin pregnancy and being replaced by Ana Lya Uriarte. On 18 November 2016, she was appointed by Bachelet as Minister Secretary General of Government, replacing Marcelo Díaz. She left office on 11 March 2018, at the end of the Bachelet government.\n\nSince 17 September 2018 she has been a specialist advisor onPaula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair. 27 July 2023.\nShe served as Minister Secretary General of Government during the second administration of Michelle Bachelet. Narváez was the nominee of the Socialist Party in the 2021 Chilean presidential election.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nPaula Narváez was born in Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": " and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.JJohn Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed. it was originally located within a religious school called Pro Deo University. It was named after 15th century Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto, also known as John Cabot, who opened the channels for further exploration of North America.\nAs of 1978, most students at John Cabot were business majors, though some were getting an Associate of Arts degree. From 1985 to 1991, the university expanded and created programs in Art History,John Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed.John Cabot University (JCU) is a private American university in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1972 and it offers undergraduate degrees, graduate degrees, and study abroad programs to English-speaking students. The university has more than 700 degree-seeking students and more than 1000 visiting students every year, representing over 75 nationalities. The average class size is 15 students. The university consists of three campuses and three residence halls centrally located in Trastevere, Rome. The language of instruction is English.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe college was founded in 1972 and it was originally located within a religious school called Pro Deo University. It was named after 15th century Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto, also known as John Cabot, who opened the channels for further exploration of North America.\nAs of 1978, most students at John Cabot were business majors, though some were getting an Associate of Arts degree. From 1985 to 1991, the university expanded and created programs in Art History, International Affairs and English Literature. It was formerly academically associated with Hiram College in Hiram, Ohio. In 1991, the school became an independent university under the name John Cabot University and became accredited in 2003, thus endings its affiliation program with Hiram. The library moved, expanded, and was dedicated to benefactors Paul and Maxine Frohring",
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| Who is the offspring of the Italian explorer who surveyed the eastern coast of the landmass where César Gaytan was born, for English speakers? | [
{
"id": 726675,
"question": "César Gaytan >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
}
]
| Sebastian Cabot | []
| true | Who is the child of the Italian navigator who explored the eastern coast of the continent César Gaytan was born in for the English? |
2hop__129499_85379 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Poachie Range",
"paragraph_text": " Poachie Range, and its two mountain ranges bordered westwards, the Rawhide and Bill Williams Mountain, and bordered on the Bill Williams River northern bank — is the Maria fold and thrust belt. The thrust belt is a geographic and geologic region at the convergence of these neighboring mountain rangesThe Poachie Range is a moderate length mountain range and massif in southeast Mohave County, Arizona, and the extreme southwest corner of Yavapai County; the range also abThe Poachie Range is a moderate length mountain range and massif in southeast Mohave County, Arizona, and the extreme southwest corner of Yavapai County; the range also abuts the northeast corner of La Paz County. The Poachie Range massif is bordered by the south-flowing Big Sandy River on its west, and the west-flowing Santa Maria River on its south; both rivers converge at the Poachie Range's southwest at Alamo Lake, the Alamo Lake State Park. Alamo Lake, the (short) Bill Williams River flows due west for 35 mi to meet the Colorado River. The Bill Williams River is the de facto border between the Mojave Desert north and northwest; the Sonoran Desert is south and southeast. Across the south-flowing Colorado River to the west, is the massif of the Whipple Mountains at the northeast of the Sonoran Desert subsection named the Colorado Desert of southern California and bordered by the Colorado River.\nThe entire region south of the Poachie Range, and its two mountain ranges bordered westwards, the Rawhide and Bill Williams Mountain, and bordered on the Bill Williams River northern bank — is the Maria fold and thrust belt. The thrust belt is a geographic and geologic region at the convergence of these neighboring mountain rangesThe Poachie Range is a moderate length mountain range and mass",
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{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "0s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and John McCain, though it hasArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xò��ztò x��̀xò��tsò]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [��a��i ����onakState of Arizona Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Grand Canyon State; The Copper State Motto (s): Ditat Deus (God enriches) State song (s): ``The Arizona March Song ''and`` Arizona'' Official language English Spoken languages As of 2010 English 74.1% Spanish 19.5% Navajo 1.9% Other 4.5% Demonym Arizonan Capital Phoenix Largest city Phoenix Largest metro Phoenix metropolitan area Area Ranked 6th Total 113,990 sq mi (295,234 km) Width 310 miles (500 km) Length 400 miles (645 km)% water 0.35 Latitude 31 ° 20 ′ N to 37 ° N Longitude 109 ° 03 ′ W to 114 ° 49 ′ W Population Ranked 14th Total 6,931,071 (2016 est.) Density 57 / sq mi (22 / km) Ranked 33rd Median household income $52,248 (33rd) Elevation Highest point Humphreys Peak 12,637 ft (3852 m) Mean 4,100 ft (1250 m) Lowest point Colorado River at the Sonora border 72 ft (22 m) Before statehood Arizona Territory Admission to Union February 14, 1912 (48th) Governor Doug Ducey (R) Secretary of State Michele Reagan (R) Legislature Arizona Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators John McCain (R) Jeff Flake (R) U.S. House delegation 5 Republicans, 4 Democrats (list) Time zones most of state Mountain: UTC − 7 (no DST) Navajo Nation Mountain: UTC − 7 / − 6 ISO 3166 US - AZ Abbreviations AZ, Ariz. Website www.az.gov the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Arizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and John McCain, though it hasArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xò��ztò x��̀xò��tsò]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [��a��i ����onak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.Arizona ( ARR-ih-ZOH-nə; Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo [ho����z��to�� ha��ho����tso��]; O'odham: Al�� ���onak [��a��i�� ������nak]) is a landlocked state in the Southwestern region of the United States. Arizona is part of the Four Corners region with Utah to the north, Colorado to the northeast, and New Mexico to the east; its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest, California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. It is the 6th-largest and the 14th-most-populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After",
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}
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| What was the year in which the area encompassing the Poachie Range was granted statehood in the United States? | [
{
"id": 129499,
"question": "In which state is Poachie Range located?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 85379,
"question": "when did #1 become a state in the us",
"answer": "February 14, 1912",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| February 14, 1912 | []
| true | When did the region where Poachie Range is located achieve U.S. statehood? |
2hop__55129_80460 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Demographics of Pakistan",
"paragraph_text": " 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.\nDue to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. The median age of the country was 19, while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.\nThe demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85, and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%). Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.\n\n\n== Population ==\n\nThe 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367 and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.\nThe statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022, and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation,Pakistan's estimated population as of August 25, 2017 was 207.77 million people, making it the world's fifth-most - populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. During 1950 -- 2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998 - 2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.\nDramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.\nDue to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. The median age of the country was 19, while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.\nThe demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85, and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%). Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.\n\n\n== Population ==\n\nThe 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. The census also reported that Az",
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"idx": 15,
"title": "ICC Champions Trophy",
"paragraph_text": " match in the tournament.\nThe current format involves a qualification phase, which takes place in the preceding edition of the Cricket World Cup, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase. The top eight ranked teams in the World Cup (including the hosts of the Champions Trophy) secure a berth for the tournament. A total of thirteen teams have competed in the 8 editions of the tournament, with eight teams competing in the 2017 tournament. Australia and India have won the tournament twice, while South Africa, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, West Indies and Pakistan have won it once each. Seven national teams have played in every edition of the tournament yet.\nPakistan are the current champions after winning the 2017 tournament, held in England and Wales. The subsequent 2025 ICC Champions Trophy will be held in Pakistan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe first Cricket World Cup was held in 1975 and then every four years since. The tournament was usually played by full ICC member nations. The ICC conceived the idea of the Champions Trophy – a short cricket tournament to raise funds for the development of the game in non-test playing countries, with the first tournaments being held in Bangladesh and Kenya.\nIt was inaugurated as the ICC KnockOut Trophy in 1998. Its name was changed to ICC Champions Trophy before the 2002 edition.\nSince 2002, the tournament has been held in full ICC member nations with the number of teams has been reduced to eight. The tournament, later dubbed as the mini-World Cup as it involved all of the full members of the ICC, was planned as a knock-out tournament so that it was short and did not reduce the value and importance of the World Cup. However, from 2002, the tournament has had a round-robin format, followed by aICC Champions Trophy Tournament logo Administrator International Cricket Council Format One Day International First tournament 1998 (Bangladesh) Last tournament 2017 (England, Wales) Next tournament 2021 (India) Tournament format Round - robin and knockout Number of teams 13 (all tournaments) 8 (most recent) Current champion Pakistan (1st title) Most successful Australia India (2 times winner each) India shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Most runs Chris Gayle (791) Most wickets Kyle Mills (28) Website Official WebsiteICC Champions Trophy Tournament logo Administrator International Cricket Council Format One Day International First tournament 1998 (Bangladesh) Last tournament 2017 (England, Wales) Next tournament 2021 (India) Tournament format Round - robin and knockout Number of teams 13 (all tournaments) 8 (most recent) Current champion Pakistan (1st title) Most successful Australia India (2 times winner each) India shared the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy with Sri Lanka. Most runs Chris Gayle (791) Most wickets Kyle Mills (28) Website Official Website is one of the world's most viewed sporting events.\nThe first Champions Trophy was organised in Bangladesh in June 1998, with the Cricket World Cup having had existed for 23 years with six completed editions. The first two Champions Trophies were held in ICC Associate member nations - Bangladesh and Kenya, to increase the popularity of the sport in those countries and then use the funds collected for the development of their cricket. From the 2002 tournament onwards, hosting has been shared between countries under an unofficial rotation system, with six ICC members having hosted at least one match in the tournament.\nThe current format involves a qualification phase, which takes place in the preceding edition of the Cricket World Cup, to determine which teams qualify for the tournament phase. The top eight ranked teams in the World Cup (including the hosts of the Champions Trophy) secure a berth for the tournament. A total of thirteen teams have competed in the 8 editions of the tournament,",
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]
| What is the 2017 population of the country that currently holds the champion trophy? | [
{
"id": 55129,
"question": "who are the defending champions of champions trophy",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
},
{
"id": 80460,
"question": "what is the current population of #1 2017",
"answer": "207.77 million people",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
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]
| 207.77 million people | []
| true | What is the current population in 2017 of the country being the defending champions of champions trophy? |
3hop1__68802_89752_49923 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "List of counties in Maine",
"paragraph_text": "This is a list of the sixteen counties in the U.S. state of Maine. Before statehood, Maine was officially part of the state of Massachusetts and was called the District of Maine. Maine was granted statehood on March 15, 1820 as part of the Missouri Compromise. Nine of the sixteen counties had their borders defined while Maine was still part of Massachusetts, and hence are older than the state itself. Even after 1820, the exact location of the northern border of Maine was disputed with Britain, until the question was settled and the northern counties signed their final official form, the Webster - Ashburton Treaty, signed in 1842. Almost all of Aroostook County was disputed land until the treaty was signed. its full name, which is also commonly used locally.\nAs of 2023, Maine has 23 cities, 430 towns, and 29 plantations, listed below.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\n== Former municipalities ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of places in Maine\nList of counties in Maine\nList of unorganized territories in Maine\nMinor civil division\nTownship\nList of cities in the United States\nNew England town\nList of New England towns\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nMaine Local Government county, city and town searchMaine is a state located in the Northeastern United States. According to the 2020 United States census, Maine is the 9th least populous state, with 1,372,247 inhabitants, and the 12th smallest by land area, spanning 30,842.92 square miles (79,882.8 km2). Maine is divided into 16 counties and contains 482 municipalities consisting of cities, towns, and plantations. In Maine, a plantation is an organized form of municipal self-government similar to but with less power than a town or a city. One difference is that plantations cannot make local ordinances. Unlike towns or cities, with few exceptions, this type of municipality usually includes the word Plantation as part of its full name, which is also commonly used locally.\nAs of 2023, Maine has 23 cities, 430 towns, and 29 plantations, listed below.\n\n\n== List of municipalities ==\n\n\n== Former municipalities ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of places in Maine\nList of counties in Maine\nList of unorganized territories in Maine\nMinor civil division\nTownship\nList of cities in the United States\nNew England town\nList of New England towns\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nMaine Local Government county, city and town searchMaine is a state located in the Northeastern United States. According to the 2020 United States census, Maine is the 9th least populous state, with 1,372,247 inhabitants, and the 12th smallest by land area, spanning",
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"idx": 11,
"title": "The Family Stone",
"paragraph_text": ".\nThe Family Stone was released in the United States on December 16, 2005, and was a commercial success with a worldwide gross of $93 million. Parker was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance, while Keaton, Nelson, and McAdams each garnered a Satellite Award nomination.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSet in the fictional town of Thayer, located in New England, the film focuses on Everett Stone and his incredibly close family. Meredith, Everett’s anxious, bumbling and tightly wound girlfriend, is dreading spending the Christmas holidays with Everett's family.\nEverett's tight-knit family responds awkwardly, and soon sternly, to Meredith's stiffness, making her feel like an outsider. Ben, Everett's brother, is the only one who seems to like Meredith. After a series of embarrassing moments, Meredith opts to stay at the local inn and begs her sister Julie to take a bus down to Thayer and join her for support. Everett finds himself drawn to the friendly, more outgoing Julie, whom his family receives very warmly after Julie has a fall while getting off the bus. \nMeredith desperately tries to fit in with the Stones, but her strained attempts prove disastrous. During dinner, Everett's gay, deaf brother Thad and his partner Patrick express their plans to adopt a child, prompting a discussion about nature versus nurture and sexual orientation. When Meredith clumsily attempts to engage in the conversation, her choice of words offends everyone and Everett's father Kelly, the most understanding of the family, angrily shuts her down. Distraught, Meredith attempts to drive off but crashes Everett's car, and Ben comes to comfort her. Ben's attraction to Meredith is apparent and the two of them end up at a local bar where,The plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son, played by Mulroney, brings his uptight girlfriend (played by Parker) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring. Overwhelmed by the hostile reception, she begs her sister to join her for emotional support, triggering further complications.TheThe plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son, played by Mulroney, brings his uptight girlfriend (played by Parker) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring. Overwhelmed by the hostile reception, she begs her sister to join her for emotional support, triggering further complications.The plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son, played by Mulroney, brings his uptight girlfriend (played by Parker) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring. Overwhelmed by the hostile reception, she begs her sister to join her for emotional support, which triggers further complications.\nThe Family Stone was released in the United States on December 16, 2005, and was a commercial success with a worldwide gross of $93 million. Parker was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance, while Keaton, Nelson, and McAdams each garnered a Satellite Award nomination.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSet in the fictional town of Thayer, located in New England, the film focuses on Everett Stone and his incredibly close family. Meredith, Everett’s anxious, bumbling and tightly wound girlfriend, is dreading spending the Christmas holidays with Everett's family.\nEverett's tight-knit family responds awkwardly, and soon sternly, to Meredith's stiffness, making her feel like an outsider. Ben, Everett's brother, is the only",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "New England",
"paragraph_text": "stown Settlement in Virginia, founded in 1607. Ten years later, Puritans established Massachusetts Bay Colony north of Plymouth Colony. Over the next 126 years, people in the region fought in four French and Indian Wars until the English colonists and their Iroquois allies defeated the French and their Algonquian allies.\nIn the late 18th century, political leaders from the New England colonies initiated resistance to Britain's taxes without the consent of the colonists. Residents of Rhode Island captured and burned a British ship which was enforcing unpopular trade restrictions, and residents of Boston threw British tea into the harbor. Britain responded with a series of punitive laws stripping Massachusetts of self-government which the colonists called the \"Intolerable Acts\". TheseThe states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.SThe states of New England have a combined area of 71,991.8 square miles (186,458 km), making the region slightly larger than the state of Washington and larger than England. Maine alone constitutes nearly one - half of the total area of New England, yet is only the 39th - largest state, slightly smaller than Indiana. The remaining states are among the smallest in the U.S., including the smallest state -- Rhode Island.",
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]
| What is the number of counties in the biggest state of the region where The Family Stone movie was filmed? | [
{
"id": 68802,
"question": "where is the house from the family stone",
"answer": "New England",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 89752,
"question": "what is the largest state in #1",
"answer": "Maine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 49923,
"question": "how many counties are there in the state of #2",
"answer": "sixteen",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
}
]
| sixteen | []
| true | How many counties are there in the largest state in the region where the film The Family Stone was set? |
4hop1__341777_508773_85832_745702 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Sebastian Cabot (explorer)",
"paragraph_text": " North America on behalf of England. He later sailed for Spain, traveling to South America, where he explored the Rio de la Plata and established two new forts.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nAccounts differ as to Sebastian Cabot's place and date of birth. The historian James Williamson reviewed the evidence for various given dates in the 1480s and concluded that Sebastian was born not later than 1484, the son of John Cabot, a Venetian citizen credited with Genoese or Gaetan origins by birth, and of Mattea Caboto, also Venetian. Late in life, Cabot himself told Englishman Richard Eden that he was born in Bristol, and that he travelled back to Venice with his parents at four years of age, returning again with his father, so that he was thought to be Venetian. At another time, he told the Venetian ambassador at the court of Charles V, Gasparo Contarini (who noted it in his diary), that he was Venetian, educated in England. In 1515 Sebastian's friend Peter Martyr d'Anghiera wrote that Cabot was a Venetian by birth, but that his father (John Cabot) had taken him to England as a child. His father had lived in Venice from 1461, as he received citizenship (which required 15 years' residency) in 1476. The Caboto family moved to England in 1495 if not before.\nSebastian, his elder brother Ludovico and his younger brother Santo were included by name with their father in the royal letters patent from King Henry VII of March 1496 authorizing their father's expeditions across the Atlantic. They are believed by some historians, including Rodney Skelton, still to have been minors since they were not mentioned in the 1498 patent their father also received. John Cabot sailed from Bristol on the small ship Matthew and reached the coast of a \"New Found Land\" on 24 June 1497. Historians have differed as to where Cabot landed, but two likely locations often suggested are Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.\n\n\n=== 1494 Cabot scouting expedition ===\nAccording to Cartografía Marítima Hispana, Sebastian Cabot included a handwritten text in Latin on his famous map of North America (published in Antwerp, 1544) claiming to have discovered North America with his father in 1494, three years before his father's voyage. Sancho Gutierrez repeated this text in Castilian on his 1551 map. \nPlaced next to the border of North America, the text reads:\n\nThis land was discovered by Johannes Caboto, venetian and Sebastian Caboto, his son, in the year of the birth of our Lord Jesus Christ MCCCCXCIV, 24th of June in the morning. They put to it the name 'prima terra vista' and [...] This big island was named Saint John, as it was discovered on Saint John holiday. People there wander wearing animal furs. They use bow and arrow to fight, javelins and darts and wooden batons and slings. This is a very sterile land, there are a lot of white bears and very big deers, big as horses, and many other animals. As well there are infinite fish: plaices, salmons, very long soles, 1 yard long and many other varieties of fish. Most of them are called cod. And there are also black hawks, black as ravens, eagles, partridges and many other birds.\nThe year is stated as MCCCCXCIV (1494) in both hand-written versions. There cannot be confusion with the commonly accepted date for the Cabots' voyage, inSebastian Cabot (Italian and , ; , \"Gaboto\" or \"Cabot\"; 1474 – December 1557) was an Italian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic. He was the son of Italian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.etian explorer, likely born in the Venetian Republic and a Venetian citizen. He was the son of Venetian explorer John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) and his Venetian wife Mattea.\nAfter his father's death, Cabot conducted his own voyages of",
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{
"idx": 9,
"title": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_text": " and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both theJohn Cabot (Italian: Giovanni Caboto; c. 1450 -- c. 1500) was a Venetian navigator and explorer whose 1497 discovery of the coast of North America under the commission of Henry VII of England was the first European exploration of coastal North America since the Norse visits to Vinland in the eleventh century. To mark the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Cabot's expedition, both the Canadian and British governments elected Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland, as representing Cabot's first landing site. However, alternative locations have also been proposed. it was originally located within a religious school called Pro Deo University. It was named after 15th century Italian explorer Giovanni Caboto, also known as John Cabot, who opened the channels for further exploration of North America.\nAs of 1978, most students at John Cabot were business majors, though some were",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Paula Santiago",
"paragraph_text": " Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996Paula Santiago (born 1969 in Guadalajara) is a Mexican mixed media artist whose works have been displayed at the Monterrey Museum of Modern Art and several galleries in Europe and North America. Most of her work stands out by being made with her own blood and hair. 27 July 2023.\nShe served as Minister Secretary General of Government during the second administration of Michelle Bachelet. Narváez was the nominee of the Socialist Party in the 2021 Chilean presidential election.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nPaula Narváez was born in Osorno, Los Lagos on 22 May 1972, and spent her childhood and youth in Puerto Montt. Her basic and secondary education took place at the Immaculate Conception school in that city. Later she traveled to Santiago, where she studied psychology at Andrés Bello University, graduating in 1996. She has a master's degree in Economics and Regional Management from Austral University and a master's in Latin American Studies from Georgetown University.\n\n\n== Political career ==\n\nNarváez entered public administration in Los Lagos Region, where she worked in the National Women's Service (SERNAM) and was regional secretary of labor. In the first government of Michelle Bachelet, she served as regional programming manager. In June 2008, she was designated by Bachelet as presidential delegate for Palena Province, on the occasion of the eruption of the volcano Chaitén that began in May of that year. She remained in the position until 5 May 2009.\nIn October 2009, she became lead spokesperson of Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, presidential candidate for the Concertación. In 2010 she traveled to India to study English, and upon her return to Chile that September, she worked at the Dialoga Foundation. In 2011 she emigrated to the United States to pursue a master's degree and to do an internship at UN Women – while Michelle Bachelet was executive director – where she was a program advisor for Latin America and the Caribbean.\n\nShe returned to Chile in 2014, when she was appointed chief of staff of Bachelet's second government, beginning on 11 March. She remained in office until July 2014, leaving due to her twin pregnancy and being replaced",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Eduardo Cuervo",
"paragraph_text": " Cuervo (born August 2, 1977, in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican actor. He is best known for his participation in various telenovelas produced by Televisa, such as Abrázame muy fuerte, Amigas y Rivales, and Mujer de Madera.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn 2006, he started working in Telemundo produced serials such as Tierra de Pasiones, shot in Miami, FL, and in 2007 he was part of the young cast of Telemundo's upcoming Pecados Ajenos.\n\n\n== References ==Eduardo Cuervo (born August 2, 1977, in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican actor. He is best known for his participation in various telenovelas produced by Televisa, such as Abrázame muy fuerte, Amigas y Rivales, and Mujer de Madera.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn 2006, he started working in Telemundo produced serials such as Tierra de Pasiones, shot in Miami, FL, and in 2007 he was part of the young cast of Telemundo's upcoming Pecados Ajenos.\n\n\n== References ==Eduardo Cuervo (born August 2, 1977, in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican actor. He is best known for his participation in various telenovelas produced by Televisa, such as Abrázame muy fuerte, Amigas y Rivales, and Mujer de Madera.\n\n\n== Career ==\nIn 2006, he started working in TelemundoEduardo Cuervo (born August 2, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican actor. Best known for his participation in various telenovelas produced by Televisa, such as Abrázame muy fuerte, Amigas y Rivales, and Mujer de Madera.Eduardo Cuervo (born August 2, 1977 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican actor. Best known for his participation in various telenovelas produced by Televisa, such as Abrázame muy fuerte, Amigas y Rivales, and Mujer de Madera.",
"is_supporting": true
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| Who was the offspring of the Italian explorer, sponsored by England, who discovered the eastern shoreline of the region where Eduardo Cuervo was born? | [
{
"id": 341777,
"question": "Eduardo Cuervo >> place of birth",
"answer": "Guadalajara",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
},
{
"id": 508773,
"question": "#1 >> continent",
"answer": "North America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 85832,
"question": "who was the italian navigator sailing for england that explored the eastern coast of #2",
"answer": "John Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 745702,
"question": "#3 >> child",
"answer": "Sebastian Cabot",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| Sebastian Cabot | []
| true | Who was the child of the Italian navigator who sailed for England, and explored the eastern coast of the continent where the birthplace of Eduardo Cuervo is found? |
3hop2__69814_76873_64554 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Memoirs of a Geisha",
"paragraph_text": "Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997. The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before and after World War II. working as a geisha in Kyoto, Japan, before, during and after World War II.\nIn 2005, a film adaptation was released, directed by Rob Marshall and starring Zhang Ziyi in the lead role.\n\n\n== Plot summary ==\nIn 1929, nine year-old Sakamoto Chiyo and her sister are sold by their father to work within the entertainment districts of Kyoto. They are taken from their home in a coastal fishing village known as Yoroido and travel to Kyoto by train. Chiyo is taken to the Nitta okiya (geisha boarding house) in Gion to become a geisha, but her sister is taken to a brothel within Kyoto's pleasure district.\nChiyo is introduced to Auntie, Mother, and Granny. Both Auntie and Mother are strict, though Auntie is kinder to Chiyo, whereas Mother is driven by money and business. Chiyo is also introduced to Hatsumomo,Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical novel by American author Arthur Golden, published in 1997. The novel, told in first person perspective, tells the story of a fictional geisha working in Kyoto, Japan, before and after World War II.Memoirs of a Geisha is a historical fiction novel by American",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "History of Germany (1945–1990)",
"paragraph_text": ".\nFollowing the collapse of the Third Reich in 1945 and its defeat in World War II, Germany was stripped of its territorial gains. Beyond that, more than a quarter of its old pre-war territory was annexed by communist Poland and the Soviet Union. The German populations of these areas were expelled to the west. Saarland was a French protectorate from 1947 to 1956 without the recognition of the \"Four Powers\", because the Soviet Union opposed it, making it a disputed territory.\nAt the end of World War II, there were some eight million foreign displaced people in Germany, mainly forced laborers and prisoners. This included around 400,000 survivors of the Nazi concentration camp system, where many times more had died from starvation, harsh conditions, murder, or being worked to death. Between 1944 and 1950, some 12 to 14 million German-speaking refugees and expellees arrived in Western and central Germany from the former eastern territories and other countries in Eastern Europe; an estimated two million of them died on the way there. Some nine million Germans were prisoners of war.\nWith the beginning of the Cold War, the remaining territory of Germany was divided between the Western Bloc led by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc led by theThe Cold War divided Germany between the Allies in the west and Soviets in the east. Germans had little voice in government until 1949 when two states emerged: the German Reich and Allied-occupied period in Germany on 5 June 1945, and ended with the German reunification on 3 October 1990.\nFollowing the collapse of the Third Reich in 1945 and its defeat in World War II, Germany was stripped of its territorial gains. Beyond that, more than a quarter of its old pre-war territory was annexed by communist Poland and the Soviet Union. The German populations of these areas were expelled to the west. Saarland was a French protectorate from 1947 to 1956 without the recognition of the \"Four Powers\", because the Soviet Union opposed it, making it a disputed territory.\nAt the end of World War II, there were some eight million foreign displaced people in Germany, mainly forced laborers and prisoners. This included around 400,000 survivors of the Nazi concentration camp system, where many times more had died from starvation, harsh conditions, murder, or being worked to death. Between 1944 and 1950, some 12 to 14 million German-speaking refugees and expellees arrived in Western and central Germany from the former eastern territories and other countries in Eastern Europe; an estimated two million of them died on the way there. Some nine million Germans were prisoners of war.\nWith the beginning of the Cold War, the remaining territory of Germany was divided between the Western Bloc led by the United States, and the Eastern Bloc led by the USSR.",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 11,
"title": "Soviet Union–United States relations",
"paragraph_text": " Soviet Union and emergence of the present-day Russian Federation at the end of 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-World War II relations (1917–1939) ===\n\n\n==== Provisional Government ====\nIn wake of the February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II's abdication, Washington was still largely ignorant of the underlying fractures in new Russian Provisional Government and believed that Russia would rapidly evolve into a stable democracy enthusiastic to join the western coalition in the war against Germany. With the establishment of the Provisional Government, United States Ambassador to Petrograd David R. Francis immediately requested from Washington authority to recognize the new government arguing the revolution \"is the practical realization of that principle of government which we have championed and advocated. I mean government by consent of the governed. Our recognition will have a stupendous moral effect especially if given firstThe relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.RelThe relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente. Japan marked the Soviet and American entries into World War II on the side of the Allies in June and December 1941, respectively. As the Soviet–American alliance against the Axis came to an end following the Allied victory in 1945, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to immediately appear between the two countries, as the Soviet Union militarily occupied Eastern European countries and turned them into satellite states, forming the Eastern Bloc. These bilateral tensions escalated into the Cold War, a decades-long period of tense hostile relations with short phases of détente that ended after the collapse of the Soviet Union and emergence of the present-day Russian Federation at the end of 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-World War II relations (1917–1939) ===\n\n\n==== Provisional Government ====\nIn wake of the February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II's abdication, Washington was still largely ignorant of the underlying fractures in new Russian Provisional Government and believed that Russia would rapidly evolve into a stable democracy enthusiastic to join the western coalition in the war against Germany. With the establishment of the Provisional Government, United States Ambassador to Petrograd David R. Francis immediately requested from Washington authority to recognize the new government arguing the revolution \"is the practical realization of that principle of government which we have championed and advocated. I mean government by consent of the governed. Our recognition will have a stupendous moral effect especially if given firstThe relations between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922 -- 1991) succeeded the previous relations from 1776 to 1917 and predate today's relations that began in 1992. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were established late due to mutual hostility. During World War II, the two countries were briefly allies. At the end of the war, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to appear between the two countries, escalating into the Cold War; a period of tense hostile relations, with periods of détente.Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were fully established in 1933 as the succeeding bilateral ties to those between the Russian Empire and the United States, which lasted from 1776 until 1917; they were also the predecessor to the current bilateral ties between the Russian Federation and the United States that began in 1992 after the end of the Cold War. The relationship between the Soviet Union and the United States was largely defined by mistrust and tense hostility. The invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany as well as the attack on the U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor by Imperial Japan marked the Soviet and American entries into World War II on the side of the Allies in June and December 1941, respectively. As the Soviet–American alliance against the Axis came to an end following the Allied victory in 1945, the first signs of post-war mistrust and hostility began to immediately appear between the two countries, as the Soviet Union militarily occupied Eastern European countries and turned them into satellite states, forming the Eastern Bloc. These bilateral tensions escalated into the Cold War, a decades-long period of tense hostile relations with short phases of détente that ended after the collapse of the Soviet Union and emergence of the present-day Russian Federation at the end of 1991.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-World War II relations (1917–1939) ===\n\n\n==== Provisional Government ====\nIn wake of the February Revolution and Tsar Nicholas II's abdication, Washington was still largely ignorant of the underlying fractures in new Russian Provisional Government and believed that Russia would rapidly evolve into a stable democracy enthusiastic to join the western coalition in the war against Germany. With the establishment of the Provisional Government, United States Ambassador to Petrograd David R. Francis immediately requested from Washington authority to recognize the new government arguing the revolution \"is the practical realization of that principle of government which we have championed and advocated. I mean government by consent of the governed. Our recognition will have a stupendous moral effect especially if given first.\" and was approved on 22 March 1917 making the United States the first foreign government to formally recognize the new government. A week and a half later when President Woodrow Wilson addressed Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany, Wilson remarked \"Does not every American feel that assurance has been added to our hope for the future peace of the world by the wonderful and heartening things that have been happening within the last few weeks in Russia? Russia was known by those who knew it best to have been always in fact democratic at heart... Here is a fit partner for a League of Honor.\"\nHoping the fledgling parliamentary democracy that would reinvigorate Russian contributions to the war, President Wilson took sizable strides to build a relationship with the Provisional Government. The day following his request declaration of war on Germany, Wilson began offering American governmental credits to the new Russian government totaling $325 million — about half of which was actually used. Wilson also dispatched the Root Mission, a delegation led by Elihu Root and inclusive of leaders from the American Federation of Labor, YMCA, and the International Harvester company, to Petrograd to negotiate means through which the United States could encourage further Russian commitment to the war. By product of poorly chosen delegates, a lack of interest from those delegates, and a significant inattention to the role and influence of the Petrograd Soviet (some members of which were opposed to the continuing Russian war effort), the mission made little benefit to either nation. Despite the satisfactory reports returning from Petrograd, whose impression of the nation's conditions came directly from the Provisional Government, American consular and military officials in closer contact with the populace and army occasionally warned Washington to be more",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Following the war depicted in Memoirs of a Geisha, which resulted in the division of Germany into two distinct nations, which country did the U.S find itself in a conflict with? | [
{
"id": 69814,
"question": "why was germany divided into two separate countries after wwii",
"answer": "The Cold War",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
},
{
"id": 76873,
"question": "when does memoirs of a geisha take place",
"answer": "before and after World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 64554,
"question": "following #2 #1 developed between the u.s. and",
"answer": "Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | [
"Soviets",
"the Soviet Union",
"SU",
"the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics",
"Soviet Union"
]
| true | After the war that provides the setting for Memoirs of a Geisha, a conflict in which Germany was divided into two countries, developed between the U.S. and what nation? |
2hop__31995_8583 | [
{
"idx": 3,
"title": "Slavs",
"paragraph_text": " form of enslavement, such as captive domestic servants, people in forced marriages, and child soldiers.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe word slave was borrowed into Middle English through the Old French esclave which ultimately derives from Byzantine Greek σκλάβος (sklábos) or εσκλαβήνος (ésklab���nos).\nAccording to the widespread view, which has been known since the 18th century, the Byzantine ��κλάβινοι (Sklábinoi), ��σκλαβηνοί (Ésklabēnoí), borrowed from a Slavic tribe self-name *Slověne, turned into σκλάβος, εσκλαβήνος (Late Latin sclāvus) in the meaning 'prisoner of war slave', 'slave' in the 8th/9th century, because they often became captured and enslaved. However this version has been disputed since the 19th century.\nAn alternative contemporary hypothesis states that Medieval Latin sclāvus via *scylāvus derives from Byzantine σκυλάω (skūláō, skyláō) or σκυλε��ω (skūleúō, skyleúō) with the meaning \"to strip the enemy (killed in a battle)\" or \"to make booty / extract spoils of war\". This version has been criticized as well.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThere is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as \"unThroughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs., and the person is called a slave or an enslaved person (see § Terminology).\nMany historical cases of enslavement occurred as a result of breaking the law, becoming indebted, suffering a military defeat, or exploitation for cheaper labor; other forms of slavery were instituted along demographic lines such as race or sex. Slaves may be kept in bondage for life, or for a fixed period of time after which",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Steven Spielberg",
"paragraph_text": " His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.StSpielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis. or aesthetically significant\".\nSpielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and grew up in Phoenix, Arizona. He moved to California and studied film in college. After directing several episodes for television, including Night Gallery and Columbo, he directed the television film Duel (1971), which later received an international theatrical release. He made his theatrical film debut with The Sugarland Express (1974) andSpielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s. In 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona.:548 Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.Steven Allan Spielberg (; born December 18, 1946) is an American filmmaker. A major figure of the New Hollywood era and pioneer of the modern blockbuster, he is the most commercially successful director in film history. He is the recipient of many accolades, including three Academy Awards, two BAFTA Awards, nine Golden Globe Awards, and four Directors Guild of America Awards, as well as the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1995, the Kennedy Center Honor in 2006, the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2009 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2015. Seven of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\".\nSpielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and grew up in Phoenix, Arizona. He moved to California and studied film in college. After directing several episodes for television, including Night Gallery and Columbo, he directed the television film Duel (1971), which later received an international theatrical release. He made his theatrical film debut with The Sugarland Express (1974) and became a household name with the 1975 summer blockbuster Jaws. He directed more box office successes with Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and the original Indiana Jones trilogy (1981–89). He subsequently explored drama in The Color Purple (1985) and Empire of the Sun (1987).\nIn 1993, Spielberg directed back-to-back blockbuster hits with the science fiction thriller Jurassic Park, the highest-grossing film ever at the time, and the Holocaust drama Schindler's List, which has often been listed as one of the greatest films ever made. He won the Academy Award for Best Director for the latter and the 1998 World War II epic Saving Private Ryan. Spielberg has since directed the science fiction films A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001), Minority Report (2002), and War of the Worlds (2005); the adventure films The Adventures of Tintin (2011) and Ready Player One (2018); the historical dramas Amistad (1997), Munich (2005), War Horse (2011), Lincoln (2012), Bridge of Spies (2015) and The Post (2017); the musical West Side Story (2021); and the semi-autobiographical drama The Fabelmans (2022).\nSpielberg co-founded Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks, and he has served as a producer for many successful films and television series, among them Poltergeist (1982), Gremlins (1984), Back to the Future (1985), Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) and Band of Brothers (1999). He has had a long collaboration with the composer John Williams, with whom he has worked for all but five of his feature films. Several of Spielberg's works are considered among the greatest films in history, and some are among the highest-grossing films ever. In 2013, Time listed him as one of the 100 most influential people, and in 2023, Spielberg was the recipient of the first ever Time 100 Impact Award in the U.S. Reviewing Close Encounters, Pauline Kael called the young Spielberg \"a magician in the age of movies.\"\n\n\n== Early life and background ==\nSpielberg was born on December 18, 1946, in Cincinnati, Ohio. His mother, Leah (née Posner, later Adler; 1920–2017), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (1917–2020), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His immediate family were Reform Jewish/Orthodox Jewish. Spielberg's paternal grandparents were Jews from Ukraine; his grandmother Rebecca, maiden name Chechik, was from Sudylkiv, and his grandfather Shmuel Spielberg was from Kamianets-Podilskyi. Schmuel escaped to Cincinnati in 1906 to avoid being drafted into the Russian army, and he brought his fiancée Rebecca there in 1908. Spielberg has three younger sisters: Anne, Sue, and Nancy. In 1952, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey after his father was hired by RCA. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis.\nIn early 1957, the family moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg had a bar mitzvah ceremony when he was thirteen. His family was involved in the synagogue and had many Jewish friends. Of the Holocaust, he said that his parents \"talked about it all the time, and so it was always on my mind.\" His father had lost between sixteen and twenty relatives in the Holocaust. Spielberg found it difficult accepting his heritage; he said: \"It isn't something I enjoy admitting ... but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by the outward perception of my parents' Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times.\" Spielberg also suffered from anti-Semitism: \"In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. Two bloody noses. It was horrible.\" He grew away from Judaism during adolescence, after his family had moved to various neighborhoods and found themselves to be the only Jews.\nSpielberg's interest in film started at a young age. At age 12, he made his first home movie: a train wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the photography merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film, The Last Gunfight. He eventually attained the rank of Eagle Scout. Spielberg used his father's movie camera to make amateur features, and began taking the camera along on every Scout trip. At age 13, Spielberg made a 40-minute war film, Escape to Nowhere, with a cast of classmates. The film won first prize in a statewide competition. Throughout his early teens, and after entering high school, Spielberg made about fifteen to twenty 8 mm adventure films.\nIn Phoenix, Spielberg watched films at the local theater every Saturday. Some of the films he cited as early influences include Ishirō Honda and Eiji Tsuburaya's Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), Akira Kurosawa's films, Captains Courageous (1937), Pinocchio (1940), and David Lean's Lawrence of Arabia (1962), which he called \"the film that set me on my journey\". He attended Arcadia High School in 1961 for three years.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Which individuals did the Slavs interact with in the nation where the grandparents of Steven Spielberg originated from? | [
{
"id": 31995,
"question": "Where were Steven Spielberg's granparents from?",
"answer": "Ukraine",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
},
{
"id": 8583,
"question": "Who did the Slavs have contact with in #1 ?",
"answer": "Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths",
"paragraph_support_idx": 3
}
]
| Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths | [
"Sarmatians"
]
| true | Who did the Slavs have contact with in the country that Steven Spielberg's grandparents were from? |
3hop1__158139_19788_15107 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Southeast Asia",
"paragraph_text": " the Scottish linguist John Leyden, who used the term Indo-Chinese to describe the area's inhabitants and their languages in 1808. Scholarly opinions at the time regarding China's and India's historical influence over the area were conflicting, and the term was itself controversial—Malte-Brun himself later argued against its use in a later edition of his Universal Geography, reasoning that it overemphasized Chinese influence, and suggested Chin-India instead. Nevertheless, Indo-China had already gained traction and soon supplanted alternative terms such as Further India and the Peninsula beyond the Ganges. Later, however, as the French established the colony of French Indochina (covering present-day Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam), use of the term became moreIslam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.Mainland Southeast Asia (also known Indochina or the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia. It lies east of the Indian subcontinent and south of Mainland China and is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east. It includes the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and Peninsular Malaysia.\nThe term Indochina (originally Indo-China) was coined in the early nineteenth century, emphasizing the historical cultural influence of Indian and Chinese civilizations on the area. The term was later adopted as the name of the colony of French Indochina (today's Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam). Today, the term Mainland Southeast Asia, in contrast to Maritime Southeast Asia, is more commonly referenced.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\n\nIn Indian sources, the earliest name connected with Southeast Asia is Yāvadvīpa. Another possible early name of mainland Southeast Asia was Suvar���abhūmi (\"land of gold\"), a toponym, that appears in many ancient Indian literary sources and Buddhist texts, but which, along with Suvar���advīpa (\"island\" or \"peninsula of gold\"), are also thought to refer to insular Southeast Asia.\nThe origins of the name Indo-China are usually attributed jointly to the Danish-French geographer Conrad Malte-Brun, who referred to the area as indo-chinois in 1804, and the Scottish linguist John Leyden, who used the term Indo-Chinese to describe the area's inhabitants and their languages in 1808. Scholarly opinions at the time regarding China's and India's historical influence over the area were conflicting, and the term was itself controversial—Malte-Brun himself later argued against its use in a later edition of his Universal Geography, reasoning that it overemphasized Chinese influence, and suggested Chin-India instead. Nevertheless, Indo-China had already gained traction and soon supplanted alternative terms such as Further India and the Peninsula beyond the Ganges. Later, however,Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world. Countries in Southeast Asia practice many different religions. Buddhism is predominant in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Burma, Vietnam and Singapore. Ancestor worship and Confucianism are also widely practised in Vietnam and Singapore. Christianity is predominant in the Philippines, eastern Indonesia, East Malaysia and East Timor. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. East Timor is also predominantly Roman Catholic due to a history of Portuguese rule.",
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{
"idx": 5,
"title": "Eritrea",
"paragraph_text": "According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "Suicide",
"paragraph_text": "In many countries the rate of suicide is highest in the middle-aged or elderly. The absolute number of suicides however is greatest in those between 15 and 29 years old, due to the number of people in this age group. Worldwide, the average age of suicide is between age 30 and 49 for both men and women. This means that half of people who died by suicide were approximately age 40 or younger, and half were older.In the United States the suicide death rate is greatest in Caucasian men older than 80 years, even though younger people more frequently attempt suicide. It is the second most common cause of death in adolescents and in young males is second only to accidental death. In young males in the developed world, it is the cause of nearly 30% of mortality. In the developing world rates are similar, but it makes up a smaller proportion of overall deaths due to higher rates of death from other types of trauma. In South-East Asia, in contrast to other areas of the world, deaths from suicide occur at a greater rate in young females than elderly females.In many countries the rate of suicide is highest in the middle-aged or elderly. The absolute number of suicides however is greatest in those between 15 and 29 years old, due to the number of people in this age group. Worldwide, the average age of suicide is between age 30 and 49 for both men and women. This means that half of people who died by suicide were approximately age 40 or younger, and half were older.In the United States the suicide death rate is greatest in Caucasian men older than 80 years, even though younger people more frequently attempt suicide. It is the second most common cause of death in adolescents and in young males is second only to accidental death. In young males in the developed world, it is the cause of nearly 30% of mortality. In the developing world rates are similar, but it makes up a smaller proportion of overall deaths due to higher rates of death from other types of trauma. In South-East Asia, in contrast to other areas of the world, deaths from suicide occur at a greater rate in young females than elderly females.Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. Mental disorders (including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and cognitive disengagement syndrome), physical disorders (such as chronic fatigue syndrome), and substance abuse (including alcoholism and the use of and withdrawal from benzodiazepines) are risk factors.\nSome suicides are impulsive acts due to stress (such as from financial or academic difficulties), relationship problems (such as breakups or divorces), or harassment and bullying. Those who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk for future attempts. Effective suicide prevention efforts include limiting access to methods of suicide such as firearms, drugs, and poisons; treating mental disorders and substance abuse; careful media reporting about suicide; improving economic conditions; and dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT). Although crisis hotlines are common resources, their effectiveness has not been well studied.\nSuicides resulted in 828,000 deaths globally in 2015, an increase from 712,000 deaths in 1990. This makes suicide the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately 1.5% of all deaths worldwide are by suicide. In a given year, this is roughly 12 per 100,000 people. Rates of suicide are generally higher among men than women, ranging from 1.5 times higher in the developing world to 3.5 times higher in the developed world. Suicide is generally most common among those over the age of 70; however, in certain countries, those aged between 15 and 30 are at the highest risk. Europe had the highest rates of suicide by region in 2015. There are an estimated 10 to 20 million non-fatal attempted suicides every year. Non-fatal suicide attempts may lead to injury and long-term disabilities. In the Western world, attempts are more common among young people and women. The most commonly adopted method of suicide varies from country to country and is partly related to the availability of effective means.\nViews on suicide have been influenced by broad existential themes such as religion, honor, and the meaning of life. The Abrahamic religions traditionally consider suicide as an offense towards God due to belief in the sanctity of life. During the samurai era in Japan, a form of suicide known as seppuku (�����り, harakiri) was respected as a means of making up for failure or as a form of protest. Similarly, a ritual fast unto death, known as Vatakkiruttal (Tamil: ������்��ி��ு��்����், Va���akkiruttal, 'fasting facing north'), was a Tamil ritual suicide in ancient India during the Sangam age. Suicide and attempted suicide, while previously illegal, are no longer so in most Western countries. It remains a criminal offense in some countries. In the 20th and 21st centuries, suicide has been used on rare occasions as a form of protest;\nor as both a military and terrorist tactic while or after murdering others. Suicide is often seen as a major catastrophe causing significant grief to the deceased's relatives, friends and community members, and it is viewed negatively almost everywhere around the world.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\n\nSuicide, derived from Latin suicidium, is \"the act of taking one's own life\". Attempted suicide or non-fatal suicidal behavior amounts to self-injury with at least some desire to end one's life that does not result in death. Assisted suicide occurs when one individual helps another bring about their own death indirectly via providing either advice or the means to the end. This is in contrast to euthanasia, where another person takes a more active role in bringing about a person's death.\nSuicidal ideation is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active efforts to do so. It may or may not involve exact planning or intent. Suicidality is defined as \"the risk of suicide, usually indicated by suicidal ideation or intent, especially as evident in the presence of a well-elaborated suicidal plan.\"\nIn a murder–suicide (or homicide–suicide), the individual aims at taking the lives of others at the same time. A special case of this is extended suicide, where the murder is motivated by seeing the murdered persons as an extension of their self. Suicide in which the reason is that the person feels that they are not part of society is known as egoistic suicide.\nIn 2011, in an article calling for changing the language used around suicide entitled \"Suicide and language: Why we shouldn't use the 'C' word,\" the Centre for Suicide Prevention in Canada found that the normal verb in scholarly research and journalism for the act of suicide was commit, and argued for destigmatizing terminology related to suicide. The American Psychological Association lists \"committed suicide\" as a term to avoid because it \"frame[s] suicide as a crime\". Some advocacy groups recommend using the terms took his/her own life, died by suicide, or killed him/herself instead of committed suicide. The Associated Press Stylebook recommends avoiding \"committed suicide\" except in direct quotes from authorities. The Guardian and Observer style guides deprecate the use of \"committed\", as does CNN. Opponents of commit argue that it implies that suicide is criminal, sinful, or morally wrong.\n\n\n== Pathophysiology ==\n\nThere is no known unifying underlying pathophysiology for suicide; it is believed to result from an interplay of behavioral, socio-economic and psychological factors.\nLow levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are both directly associated with suicide and indirectly associated through its role in major depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia and obsessive–compulsive disorder. Post-mortem studies have found reduced levels of BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, in those with and without psychiatric conditions. Serotonin, a brain neurotransmitter, is believed to be low in those who die by suicide. This is partly based on evidence of increased levels of 5-HT2A receptors found after death. Other evidence includes reduced levels of a breakdown product of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in the cerebral spinal fluid. However, direct evidence is hard to obtain. Epigenetics, the study of changes in genetic expression in response to environmental factors which do not alter the underlying DNA, is also believed to play a role in determining suicide risk.\n\n\n== Risk factors ==\n\nFactors that affect the risk of suicide include mental disorders, drug misuse, psychological states, cultural, family and social situations, genetics, experiences of trauma or loss, and nihilism. Mental disorders and substance misuse frequently co-exist. Other risk factors include having previously attempted suicide, the ready availability of a means to take one's life, a family history of suicide, or the presence of traumatic brain injury. For example, suicide rates have been found to be greater in households with firearms than those without them.\nSocio-economic problems such as unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and discrimination may trigger suicidal thoughts. Suicide might be rarer in societies with high social cohesion and moral objections against suicide. Genetics appears to account for between 38% and 55% of suicidal behaviors. Suicides may also occur as a local cluster of cases.\nMost research does not distinguish between risk factors that lead to thinking about suicide and risk factors that lead to suicide attempts. Risks for suicide attempt, rather than just thoughts of suicide, include a high pain tolerance and a reduced fear of death.\n\n\n=== Previous attempts ===\n\nA previous history of suicide attempts is the most accurate predictor of death by suicide. Approximately 20% of suicides have had a previous attempt. Of those who have attempted suicide, 1% die by suicide within a year and more than 5% die by suicide within 10 years.\n\n\n=== Mental illness ===\n\nMental illness is present at the time of suicide 27% to more than 90% of the time. Of those who have been hospitalized for suicidal behavior, the lifetime risk of suicide is 8.6%. Comparatively, non-suicidal people hospitalized for affective disorders have a 4% lifetime risk of suicide. Half of all people who die by suicide may have major depressive disorder; having this or one of the other mood disorders such as bipolar disorder increases the risk of suicide 20-fold. Other conditions implicated include schizophrenia (14%), personality disorders (8%), obsessive–compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Those with autism also attempt and consider suicide more frequently.\nOthers estimate that about half of people who die by suicide could be diagnosed with a personality disorder, with borderline personality disorder being the most common. About 5% of people with schizophrenia die of suicide. Eating disorders are another high risk condition. Around 22% to 50% of people with gender dysphoria have attempted suicide, however this greatly varies by region.\nAmong approximately 80% of suicides, the individual has seen a physician within the year before their death, including 45% within the prior month. Approximately 25–40% of those who died by suicide had contact with mental health services in the prior year. Antidepressants of the SSRI class appear to increase the frequency of suicide among children and young persons. An unwillingness to get help for mental health problems also increases the risk.\n\n\n=== Substance misuse ===\n\nSubstance misuse is the second most common risk factor for suicide after major depression and bipolar disorder. Both chronic substance misuse as well as acute intoxication are associated. When combined with personal grief, such as bereavement, the risk is further increased. Substance misuse is also associated with mental health disorders.\nMost people are under the influence of sedative-hypnotic drugs (such as alcohol or benzodiazepines) when they die by suicide, with alcoholism present in between 15% and 61% of cases. Use of prescribed benzodiazepines is associated with an increased rate of suicide and attempted suicide. The pro-suicidal effects of benzodiazepines are suspected to be due to a psychiatric disturbance caused by side effects, such as disinhibition, or withdrawal symptoms. Countries that have higher rates of alcohol use and a greater density of bars generally also have higher rates of suicide. About 2.2–3.4% of those who have been treated for alcoholism at some point in their life die by suicide. Alcoholics who attempt suicide are usually male, older, and have tried to take their own lives in the past. Between 3 and 35% of deaths among those who use heroin are due to suicide (approximately fourteenfold greater than those who do not use). In adolescents who misuse alcohol, neurological and psychological dysfunctions may contribute to the increased risk of suicide.\nThe misuse of cocaine and methamphetamine has a high correlation with suicide. In those who use cocaine, the risk is greatest during the withdrawal phase. Those who used inhalants are also at significant risk with around 20% attempting suicide at some point and more than 65% considering it. Smoking cigarettes is associated with risk of suicide. There is little evidence as to why this association exists; however, it has been hypothesized that those who are predisposed to smoking are also predisposed to suicide, that smoking causes health problems which subsequently make people want to end their life, and that smoking affects brain chemistry causing a propensity for suicide. Cannabis, however, does not appear to independently increase the risk.\n\n\n=== Self-harm ===\nNon-suicidal self-harm is common",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What proportion of Eritrea's population follows the religion where female suicides tend to be higher among the younger demographic instead of the older one? | [
{
"id": 158139,
"question": "Where do suicides by young females at a greater rate elderly females?",
"answer": "South-East Asia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 19788,
"question": "Which religion is widely practiced in #1 ?",
"answer": "Islam",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 15107,
"question": "What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to #2 ?",
"answer": "48%",
"paragraph_support_idx": 5
}
]
| 48% | []
| true | What percentage of Eritrea adheres to the religion widely practiced where suicides by females are more common in young than old? |
3hop2__159979_30587_44003 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "és, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami RiverCuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana. largest urban economy in Florida, with a gross domestic product of $344.9 billion as of 2017. According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities, Miami is the third-richest city in the U.S. and the third-richest globally in purchasing power. Miami is a majority-minority city with a Hispanic and Latino population of 310,472, or 70.2 percent of the cityCuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana.Miami, officially the City of Miami, is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County in South Florida. It is the core of the Miami metropolitan area, which, with a population of 6.14 million, is the second-largest metropolitan area in the Southeast after Atlanta,",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tropical Storm Allison",
"paragraph_text": " side of the system.\n\nAt 1200 UTC on June 5, the disturbance developed a broad, low-level circulation, andTropical Storm Allison was a tropical storm that devastated southeast Texas in June of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. An arguable example of the \"brown ocean effect\", Allison lasted unusually long for a June storm, remaining tropical or subtropical for 15 days, most of which when the storm was over land dumping torrential rainfall. The storm developed from a tropical wave in the northern Gulf of Mexico on June 4, 2001, and struck the upper Texas coast shortly thereafter. It drifted northward through the state, turned back to the south, and re-entered the Gulf of Mexico. The storm continued to the east-northeast, made landfall on Louisiana, then moved across the southeast United States and Mid-Atlantic. Allison was the first storm since Tropical Storm Frances in 1998 to strike the northern Texas coastline.The storm dropped heavy rainfall along its path, peaking at over 40 inches (1,000 mm) in Texas. The worst flooding occurred in Houston, where most of Allison's damage occurred: 30,000 became homeless after the storm flooded over 70,000 houses and destroyed 2,744 homes. Downtown Houston was inundated with flooding, causing severe damage to hospitals and businesses. Twenty-three people died in Texas. Along its entire path, Allison caused $8.5 billion (2001 USD) in damage and 41 deaths. Aside from Texas, the places worst hit were Louisiana and southeastern Pennsylvania.TTropical Storm Allison was a tropical storm that devastated southeast Texas in June of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. An arguable example of the \"brown ocean effect\", Allison lasted unusually long for a June storm, remaining tropical or subtropical for 15 days, most of which when the storm was over land dumping torrential rainfall. The storm developed from a tropical wave in the northern Gulf of Mexico on June 4, 2001, and struck the upper Texas coast shortly thereafter. It drifted northward through the state, turned back to the south, and re-entered the Gulf of Mexico. The storm continued to the east-northeast, made landfall on Louisiana, then moved across the southeast United States and Mid-Atlantic. Allison was the first storm since Tropical Storm Frances in 1998 to strike the northern Texas coastline.The storm dropped heavy rainfall along its path, peaking at over 40 inches (1,000 mm) in Texas. The worst flooding occurred in Houston, where most of Allison's damage occurred: 30,000 became homeless after the storm flooded over 70,000 houses and destroyed 2,744 homes. Downtown Houston was inundated with flooding, causing severe damage to hospitals and businesses. Twenty-three people died in Texas. Along its entire path, Allison caused $8.5 billion (2001 USD) in damage and 41 deaths. Aside from Texas, the places worst hit were Louisiana and southeastern Pennsylvania. the places worst hit were Louisiana and southeastern Pennsylvania.\nFollowing the storm, President George W. Bush designated 75 counties along Allison's path as disaster areas, which enabled the citizens affected to apply for aid. Then the fourth-costliest Atlantic tropical cyclone and still the costliest Atlantic tropical cyclone that was never a major hurricane, Allison was the first Atlantic tropical storm to have its name retired without ever having reached hurricane strength.\n\n\n== Meteorological history ==\n\nA tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa on May 21, 2001. It moved westward across the Atlantic Ocean, retaining little convection on its way. After moving across South America and the southwestern Caribbean Sea, the wave entered the eastern North Pacific Ocean on June 1. A low-level circulation developed on June 2, while it was about 230 mi (370 km) south-southeast of Salina Cruz, Mexico. Southerly flow forced the system northward, and the wave moved inland on June 3. The low-level circulation dissipated, though the mid-level circulation persisted. It emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on June 4, and developed deep convection on its eastern side. Early on June 5, satellite imagery suggested that a tropical depression was forming in the northwest Gulf of Mexico, which was furthered by reports of wind gusts as high as 60 mph (95 km/h) just a few hundred feet above the surface, towards the east side of the system.\n\nAt 1200 UTC on June 5, the disturbance developed a broad, low-level circulation, andTropical Storm Allison was a tropical storm that devastated southeast Texas in June of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season. An arguable example of the \"brown ocean effect\", Allison lasted unusually long for a June storm, remaining tropical or subtropical for 15 days, most of which when the storm was over land dumping torrential rainfall. The storm developed from a tropical wave in the northern Gulf of Mexico on June 4",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Gulf of Mexico",
"paragraph_text": " would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening; another study found that cardiotoxicity might have been widespread in animal life exposed to the spill.\nNumerous investigations explored the causes of the explosion and record-setting spill. The United States Government report, published in September 2011, pointed to defective cement on the well, faulting mostly BP, but also rig operator Transocean and contractor Halliburton. Earlier in 2011, a White House commission likewise blamed BP and its partners for a series of cost-cutting decisions and an inadequate safety system, but also concluded that the spill resulted from \"systemic\" root causes and \"absent significant reform in both industry practices and government policies, might well recur\".\nIn November 2012, BP and the United States Department of Justice settled federal criminal charges, with BP pleading guilty to 11 counts of manslaughter, two misdemeanors, and a felony count of lying to the United States Congress. BP also agreed to four years of government monitoring of its safety practices and ethics, and the Environmental Protection Agency announced that BP would be temporarily banned from new contracts with the United States government. BP and the Department of Justice agreed to a record-setting $4.525 billion in fines and other payments. As of 2018, cleanup costs, charges and penalties had cost the company more than $65 billion.\nIn September 2014, a United States District Court judge ruled that BP was primarily responsible for the oil spill because of its gross negligence and reckless conduct. In April 2016, BP agreed to pay $20.8 billion in fines, the largest environmental damage settlement in United States history.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Deepwater Horizon drilling rig ===\n\nDeepwater Horizon was a 10-year-old semi-submersible, mobile, floating, dynamically positioned drilling rig that could operate in waters up to 10,000 ft (3,000 m) deep. Built by South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries and owned by TransThe Gulf of Mexico formed approximately 300 million years ago as a result of plate tectonics. The Gulf of Mexico basin is roughly oval and is approximately 810 nautical miles (1,500 km; 930 mi) wide and floored by sedimentary rocks and recent sediments. It is connected to part of the Atlantic Ocean through the Florida Straits between the U.S. and Cuba, and with the Caribbean Sea (with which it forms the American Mediterranean Sea) via the Yucatán Channel between Mexico and Cuba. With the narrow connection to the Atlantic, the Gulf experiences very small tidal ranges. The size of the Gulf basin is approximately 1.6 million km (615,000 sq mi). Almost half of the basin is shallow continental shelf waters. The basin contains a volume of roughly 2,500 quadrillion liters (550 quadrillion Imperial gallons, 660 quadrillion US gallons, 2.5 million km or 600,000 cu mi). The Gulf of Mexico is one of the most important offshore petroleum production regions in the world, comprising one - sixth of the United States' total production.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where is the point of intersection between the ocean next to Miami and the oceanic basin where the tropical Storm Allison finally dissipated? | [
{
"id": 159979,
"question": "where did it end up at?",
"answer": "the Gulf of Mexico",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 30587,
"question": "What ocean is Miami adjacent to?",
"answer": "Atlantic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
},
{
"id": 44003,
"question": "where does the #2 meet #1",
"answer": "through the Florida Straits",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| through the Florida Straits | [
"FL",
"Florida"
]
| true | Where does the ocean adjacent to Miami meet the ocean basin at where the tropical Storm Allison ended up? |
2hop__15650_77173 | [
{
"idx": 1,
"title": "Ozarks",
"paragraph_text": " Ozarks, alsoThe Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.The OzThe Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.The Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic region in the U.S. states of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Kansas. The Ozarks cover a significant portion of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, extending from Interstate 40 in Arkansas to the suburbs of St. Louis. A portion of the Ozarks extends into northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas.The Ozarks, alsoThe Ozarks, also referred to as the Ozark Mountains and Ozark Plateau, is a physiographic",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Capital punishment in the United States",
"paragraph_text": " United States struck down capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majorityAs of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\" Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, rapedIn May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting in Lockett regaining consciousness, trying to get up, and to speak, before dying of a heart attack 43 minutes later, after the attempted execution had been called off. In 2015, the state approved nitrogen asphyxiation as a method of execution. as the federal government and military, subject to moratoriums. \nAs of 2023, of the 38 OECD member countries, only two (the United States and Japan) allow capital punishment. Taiwan is the only other advanced democracy with capital punishment, but its constitutional court could strike it down when it rules on its constitutionality by the fall of 2024. \nThe existence of capital punishment in the United States can be traced to early colonial Virginia. There were no executions in the United States between 1967 and 1977. In 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majorityAs of November 2008, there is only one person on death row facing capital punishment who has not been convicted of murder. Demarcus Sears remains under a death sentence in Georgia for the crime of \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\" Sears was convicted in 1986 for the kidnapping and bodily injury of victim Gloria Ann Wilbur. Wilbur was kidnapped and beaten in Georgia, raped in Tennessee, and murdered in Kentucky. Sears was never charged with the murder of Wilbur in Kentucky, but was sentenced to death by a jury in Georgia for \"kidnapping with bodily injury.\"In the United States, capital punishment (killing a person as punishment for allegedly committing a crime) is a legal penalty throughout the country at the federal level, in 27 states, and in American Samoa. It is also a legal penalty for some military offenses. Capital punishment has been abolished in 23 states and in the federal capital, Washington, D.C. It is usually applied for only the most serious crimes, such as aggravated murder. Although it is a legal penalty in 27 states, 19 of them have authority to execute death sentences, with the other 8, as well as the federal government and military, subject to moratoriums. \nAs of 2023, of the 38 OECD member countries, only two (the United States and Japan) allow capital punishment. Taiwan is the only other advanced democracy with capital punishment, but its constitutional court could strike it down when it rules on its constitutionality by the fall of 2024. \nThe existence of capital punishment in the United States can be traced to early colonial Virginia. There were no executions in the United States between 1967 and 1977. In 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States struck down capital punishment statutes in Furman v. Georgia, reducing all pending death sentences to life imprisonment at the time. Subsequently, a majority of states enacted new death penalty statutes, and the court affirmed the legality of the practice in the 1976 case Gregg v. Georgia. Since then, more than 8,700 defendants have been sentenced to death; of these, more than 1,550 have been executed. At least 190 people who were sentenced to death since 1972 have since been exonerated, about 2.2% or one in 46. As of April 13, 2022, about 2,400 to 2,500 convicts are still on death row.\nThe Trump administration's Department of Justice announced its plans to resume executions for federal crimes in 2019. On July 14, 2020, Daniel Lewis Lee became the first inmate executed by the federal government since 2003. Thirteen federal death row inmates have been executed since federal executions resumed in July 2020, all under Trump. The last and most recent federal execution was of Dustin Higgs, who was executed on January 16, 2021. On July 1, 2021, Attorney General Merrick Garland announced that a moratorium on the federal death penalty was being reinstated.\nAs of March 2024, there were 42 inmates on federal death row.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-Furman history ===\n\nThe first recorded death sentence in the British North American colonies was carried out in 1608 on Captain George Kendall, who was executed by firing squad at the Jamestown colony for spying on behalf of the Spanish government. Executions in colonial America were also carried out by hanging. The hangman's noose was one of the various punishments the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony applied to enforce religious and intellectual conformity on the whole community.\nThe Bill of Rights adopted in 1789 included the Eighth Amendment which prohibited cruel and unusual punishment. The Fifth Amendment was drafted with language implying a possible use of the death penalty, requiring a grand jury indictment for \"capital crime\" and a due process of law for deprivation of \"life\" by the government. The Fourteenth Amendment adopted in 1868 also requires a due process of law for deprivation of life by any states.\nThe Espy file, compiled by M. Watt Espy and John Ortiz Smykla, lists 15,269 people executed in the United States and its predecessor colonies between 1608 and 1991. From 1930 to 2002, there were 4,661 executions in the United States; about two-thirds of them in the first 20 years. Additionally, the United States Army executed 135 soldiers between 1916 and 1961 (the most recent).\n\n\n=== Early abolition movement ===\n\nThree states abolished the death penalty for murder during the 19th century: Michigan (which has never executed a prisoner and is the first government in the English-speaking world to abolish capital punishment) in 1847, Wisconsin in 1853, and Maine in 1887. Rhode Island is also a state with a long abolitionist background, having repealed the death penalty in 1852, though it was available for murder committed by a prisoner between 1872 and 1984.\nOther states which abolished the death penalty for murder before Gregg v. Georgia include Minnesota in 1911, Vermont in 1964, Iowa and West Virginia in 1965, and North Dakota in 1973. Hawaii abolished the death penalty in 1948 and Alaska in 1957, both before their statehood. Puerto Rico repealed it in 1929 and the District of Columbia in 1981. Arizona and Oregon abolished the death penalty by popular vote in 1916 and 1964 respectively, but both reinstated it, again by popular vote, some years later; Arizona reinstated the death penalty in 1918",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In which state, where Robert Patton was employed in May 2014, can one find the Ozark Mountains? | [
{
"id": 15650,
"question": "What state employed Robert Patton in May 2014?",
"answer": "Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 77173,
"question": "where are the ozark mountains located in #1",
"answer": "northeastern Oklahoma",
"paragraph_support_idx": 1
}
]
| northeastern Oklahoma | [
"OK",
"Oklahoma"
]
| true | Where are the Ozark Mountains located within the state where Robert Patton worked in May 2014? |
2hop__129721_40482 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Zubly Cemetery",
"paragraph_text": ", eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. TheThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.TheThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss settlers of the nearby New Windsor Township. It illustrates the vernacular burial customs of the period. The town of New Windsor, settled in 1737, eventually became an outpost for Indian traders. Zubly Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on January 28, 2002.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nU.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Zubly Cemetery\nZubly Cemetery at Find a GraveThe Zubly Cemetery near Beech Island, South Carolina, which is a small community in Aiken County, South Carolina was established around 1790 by Swiss",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Huguenots",
"paragraph_text": " either convert to Catholicism (possibly as Nicodemites) or flee as refugees; they were subject to violent dragonnades. Louis XIV claimed that the French Huguenot population was reduced from about 900,000 or 800,000 adherents to just 1,000 or 1,500. He exaggerated the decline, but the dragonnades were devastating for the French Protestant community. The exodus of Huguenots from France created a brain drain, as many of them had occupied important places in society.\nThe remaining Huguenots faced continued persecution under Louis XV. By theIn the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations.The Huguenots ( HEW-gə-nots, UK also -��nohz, French: [y��(ə)no]) were a religious group of French Protestants who held to the Reformed (Calvinist) tradition of Protestantism. The term, whichIn the early years, many Huguenots also settled in the area of present-day Charleston, South Carolina. In 1685, Rev. Elie Prioleau from the town of Pons in France, was among the first to settle there. He became pastor of the first Huguenot church in North America in that city. After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, several Huguenot families of Norman and Carolingian nobility and descent, including Edmund Bohun of Suffolk England from the Humphrey de Bohun line of French royalty descended from Charlemagne, Jean Postell of Dieppe France, Alexander Pepin, Antoine Poitevin of Orsement France, and Jacques de Bordeaux of Grenoble, immigrated to the Charleston Orange district. They were very successful at marriage and property speculation. After petitioning the British Crown in 1697 for the right to own land in the Baronies, they prospered as slave owners on the Cooper, Ashepoo, Ashley and Santee River plantations they purchased from the British Landgrave Edmund Bellinger. Some of their descendants moved into the Deep South and Texas, where they developed new plantations. to forcibly convert Protestants, and then finally revoked all Protestant rights in his Edict of Fontainebleau of 1685.\nThe Huguenots were concentrated in the southern and western parts of the Kingdom of France. As Huguenots gained influence and more openly displayed their faith, Catholic hostility grew. A series of religious conflicts followed, known as the French Wars of Religion, fought intermittently from 1562 to 1598. The Huguenots were led by Jeanne d'Albret; her son, the future Henry IV (who would later convert to Catholicism in order to become king); and the princes of Condé. The wars ended with the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which granted the Huguenots substantial religious, political and military autonomy.\nHuguenot rebellions in the 1620s resulted in the abolition of their political and military privileges. They retained the religious provisions of the Edict of Nantes until the rule of Louis XIV, who gradually increased persecution of Protestantism until he issued",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who sold land to the Huguenots in the state where Zubly Cemetery is located? | [
{
"id": 129721,
"question": "In which state is Zubly Cemetery located?",
"answer": "South Carolina",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 40482,
"question": "From whom did the Huguenots in #1 purchase land from?",
"answer": "Edmund Bellinger",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| Edmund Bellinger | []
| true | From whom did the Huguenots in the state encompassing Zubly Cemetery purchase land from? |
3hop1__161433_33952_34099 | [
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": "Tucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k ������n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ���on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700, about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now known as \"A\" mountain. Hugo Oconór (Hugo O'Conor), the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona, authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (the present downtown Pima County Courthouse was built near this site). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by the Apache. Eventually, the town came to be called Tucsón, a Spanish version of the O'odham word for the area. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821.\nDuring the Mexican–American War in 1846–1848, Tucsón was captured by Philip St. George Cooke with the Mormon Battalion, but it soon returned to Mexican control as Cooke proceeded to the west, establishing Cooke's Wagon Road to California. Tucsón was not included in the Mexican Cession to the United States following the war. Cooke's road through Tucsón became one of the important routes into California during the California Gold Rush of 1849.\nThe US acquired those portions of modern-day Arizona that lay south of the Gila River by treaty from Mexico in the Gadsden Purchase on June 8, 1854. Under this treaty and purchase, Tucsón became a part of the United States of America. The American military did not formally take over control until March 1856. In time, the name of the town became standardized in English in its current form, where the stress is on the first syllable, the \"u\" is long, and the \"c\" is silent.\nIn 1857, Tucson was established as a stage station on the San Antonio–San Diego Mail Line. In 1858, it became third division headquarters of the Butterfield Overland Mail and operated until the line was shut down in March 1861. The Overland Mail Corporation attempted to continue running, but following the Bascom Affair, devastating Apache attacks on the stations and coaches ended operations in August 1861.\nTucson was incorporated in 1877, making it the oldest incorporated city in Arizona.\nFrom 1877 to 1878, the area suffered a rash of stagecoach robberies. Most notable were the two holdups committed by masked road agent William Whitney Brazelton. Brazelton held up two stages in the summer of 1878 near Point of Mountain Station, about 17 mi (27 km) northwest of Tucson. John Clum, of Tombstone, Arizona, fame, was one of the passengers. Pima County Sheriff Charles A. Shibell and his citizen posse killed Brazelton on August 19, 1878, in a mesquite bosque along the Santa Cruz River 3 miles (5 km) south of Tucson. Brazelton hadBoth the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013).Tucson ( TOO-son; O'odham: CBoth the council members and the mayor serve four-year terms; none face term limits. Council members are nominated by their wards via a ward-level primary held in September. The top vote-earners from each party then compete at-large for their ward's seat on the November ballot. In other words, on election day the whole city votes on all the council races up for that year. Council elections are severed: Wards 1, 2, and 4 (as well as the mayor) are up for election in the same year (most recently 2011), while Wards 3, 5, and 6 share another year (most recently 2013). (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Cas",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 14,
"title": "Jeffrey Peterson",
"paragraph_text": " AIG Chairman Maurice \"Hank\" Greenberg. A prominent picture of Peterson with Benigno Aquino III, former President of the Philippines, was set at the Malacañang Palace and featured in a 2017 print publication.According to Maricopa County's property records, Peterson owned a residence in the same condominium as Arizona Senator John McCain.JeffreyIn 2005, Peterson was appointed to the cross-border transactions committee of the Arizona Department of Real Estate. The committee is focused on international real estate transactions between residents of Arizona and Mexico. In the same year, he was appointed as the chairman of the Technology Subcommittee of the 2006 Executive Bond Committee, by Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon. The $850 million bond initiative was approved by voters in March 2006. He also financially supported the March 25, 2006, and April 10, 2006, reform marches organized by immigrants and he was a co-host at a June 1, 2006, fundraiser for Arizona Senatorial candidate Jim Pederson, featuring former president, Bill Clinton. Jeffrey held a fundraiser at his residence for Barack Obama featuring Democratic National Committee Chairman Howard Dean and actress Scarlett Johansson on August 21, 2008. Peterson was named as a co-host at an October 19, 2016 fundraising event for Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton featuring Chelsea Clinton at a private residence in Phoenix.In 2013, Peterson was appointed to the Board of Directors of the U.S. Philippines Society, a Washington, D.C. based private sector initiative chaired by U.S. Ambassador John Negroponte and former AIG Chairman Maurice \"Hank\" Greenberg. A prominent picture of Peterson with Benigno Aquino III, former President of the Philippines, was set at the Malacañang Palace and featured in a 2017 print publication.According to Maricopa County's property records, Peterson owned a residence in the same condominium as Arizona Senator John McCain. computer systems.:��81–82�� In the early years of computing, the largely technical science of programming was a pastime overrun by the likes of college professors and engineers. To fit in, Peterson reportedly maintained an identity for login on the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory PDP-",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Tucson, Arizona",
"paragraph_text": " Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu����son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ���on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t����k",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What is the duration of the council tenures in the second most populous city of the US state scrutinized by the Department of Real Estate's cross-border transactions committee? | [
{
"id": 161433,
"question": "In what state is the committee focusing?",
"answer": "Arizona",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 33952,
"question": "What is the second largest city in #1 ?",
"answer": "Tucson",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 34099,
"question": "How long are #2 's city council terms?",
"answer": "four-year",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
}
]
| four-year | []
| true | How long are the council terms in the second largest city in the US state focused by the cross-border transactions committee of the Department of Real Estate? |
4hop1__370129_621192_10659_42311 | [
{
"idx": 2,
"title": "Middle Ages",
"paragraph_text": " 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years' War. ByJewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE] the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. Conflicts between ethnic and social groups intensified and local conflicts often escalated into full-scale warfare, such as the Hundred Years'",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 12,
"title": "Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau",
"paragraph_text": "enteau, Florimond Claude, Comte de\". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 159–160.Florimond Claude, comte de Mercy-Argenteau (20 April 1727 – 25 August 1794) was an Austrian diplomat.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nHe was born in Liège, Prince-Bishopric of Liege, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian ambassador in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Austrian ambassador in Paris at the court of King Louis XV in 1766He was born in Liège, Belgium, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian minister in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Paris at the court of King Louis XV of France in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette. When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie-Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Loménie de Brienne and Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, which had just been reduced to obedience by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful ruler. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.FlorHe was born in Liège, Belgium, to Antoine, comte de Mercy-Argenteau, and entered the diplomatic service of Austria in Paris in the train of Reichsfürst Kaunitz. He became Austrian minister in Turin at the court of King Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, in St. Petersburg at the court of Catherine the Great, and then Paris at the court of King Louis XV of France in 1766. In Paris, his first work was to strengthen the alliance between France and Austria, which was cemented in 1770 by the marriage of the dauphin, afterwards Louis XVI, with Archduchess Maria Antonia of Austria, youngest daughter of Empress Maria Theresa, afterwards known as Queen Marie Antoinette. When Louis and Marie Antoinette ascended the throne of France in 1774, Mercy-Argenteau became one of the most powerful personages at the French court due to his influence over Marie-Antoinette, which made her unpopular with the French nobility and French people. He was in Paris during the turbulent years that led up to the French Revolution, and gave powerful aid to the finance ministers Loménie de Brienne and Necker. In 1792, he became governor-general of the Austrian Netherlands, which had just been reduced to obedience by Austria. There, his ability and experience made him a very successful ruler. Although at first in favor of moderate courses, Mercy-Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.Argenteau supported the action of Austria in making war upon its former ally after the outbreak of the French Revolution, and in July 1794, he was appointed Austrian ambassador to Britain, but he died a few days after his arrival in London.\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nHe was played by Henry Stephenson in the 1938 film Marie Antoinette, and by Steve Coogan in the 2006 film of the same name.\nHe was portrayed by Micha Lescot in the 2023 film Jeanne du Barry.\n\n\n== See also ==\nSébastien Dubois, Inventaire des archives de la famille de Mercy-Argenteau (1334-1959), Bruxelles, Archives de l'Etat, 2009, 2 vol. (Archives de l'État à Liège. Inventaires, 110).\nT. Juste, Le Comte de Mercy-Argenteau (Brussels 1863)\nA. von Arneth and A. Geoff roy, Correspondances secretes de Marie Therese avec le comte de Mercy (Paris 1874)\nA. von Arneth and J. Flammermont, Correspondance secrete de Mercy avec Joseph II et Kaunitz (Paris 1889–1891)\nMercy-Argenteau's Correspondances secretes de Marie Terese has been condensed and translated into English by Lilian Smythe under the title of A Guardian of Marie Antoinette (2 vols., London 1902)\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nThis article incorporates text from a",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "César Gabriel de Choiseul",
"paragraph_text": "ert de Choiseul, Marquis de Choiseul, Count de La Rivière (d. 1727) and his wife, Henriette Louise de Beauvau (d. 1737).\n\n\n== Career ==\nAfter having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna to Emperor Francis I and Queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to the Augsburg Convention.\nFrom 13 October 1761 to 8 April 1766, he served as Secretary of State (minister) for Foreign Affairs, replacing in this office his cousin Étienne de Choiseul (who became in 1763 Secretary of State for War and for Navy). He was lieutenant general of the Armies. In 1763, he was made duke of Praslin and peer of France. He negotiated the peace that ended the Seven Years' War and was Louis XV's plenipotentiary for the conclusion of the Treaty of Paris, which he signed, on 10 February 1763.\nFrom 10 April 1766 to 24 December 1770, he served as Secretary of State for the Navy (his cousin Étienne then taking back the department of Foreign Affairs in addition to that of War). During his term in office, he restored the strength ofAfter having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna, to emperor Francis I and to queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to theAfter having served in the Army, he was appointed in 1756 ambassador in Vienna, to emperor Francis I and to queen Maria Theresa of Hungary. In 1761, he was plenipotentiary to the Augsburg convention.",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 18,
"title": "Warsaw",
"paragraph_text": "The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000 professors. Other institutions for higher education include the Medical University of Warsaw, the largest medical school in Poland and one of the most prestigious, the National Defence University, highest military academic institution in Poland, the Fryderyk Chopin University of Music the oldest and largest music school in Poland, and one of the largest in Europe, the Warsaw School of Economics, the oldest and most renowned economic university in the country, and the Warsaw University of Life Sciences the largest agricultural university founded in 1818.The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one of the largest in East-Central Europe, employing 2,000The University of Warsaw was established in 1816, when the partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the oldest and most influential Polish academic center, in Kraków. Warsaw University of Technology is the second academic school of technology in the country, and one",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In which country, also known for being the homeland of Marie Antoinette's mother and a refuge for many French Jews who were expelled, is the nation's biggest medical school located? | [
{
"id": 370129,
"question": "Marie Antoinette >> mother",
"answer": "Maria Theresa",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 621192,
"question": "#1 of Austria >> country of citizenship",
"answer": "Hungary",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 10659,
"question": "Along with #2 , where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?",
"answer": "Poland",
"paragraph_support_idx": 2
},
{
"id": 42311,
"question": "What is the largest medical school in #3 ?",
"answer": "Medical University of Warsaw",
"paragraph_support_idx": 18
}
]
| Medical University of Warsaw | []
| true | What is the largest medical school in the nation where, along with the country of citizenship of the mother of Marie Antoinette, many expelled French Jews relocated? |
2hop__106864_80460 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Demographics of Pakistan",
"paragraph_text": " 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.\nDue to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. The median age of the country was 19, while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females.\nThe demographic history of Pakistan from the ancient Indus Valley civilization to the modern era includes the arrival and settlement of many cultures and ethnic groups in the modern region of Pakistan from Eurasia and the nearby Middle East. Because of this, Pakistan has a multicultural, multilinguistic, and multiethnic society. Despite Urdu being Pakistan's lingua franca, estimates on how many languages are spoken in the country range from 75 to 85, and in 2023, the country's three largest ethnolinguistic groups were the Punjabis (making up 36.98% of the total population), the Pashtuns (18.15%), and the Sindhis (14.31%). Pakistan is also thought to have the world's fourth-largest refugee population, estimated at 1.4 million in mid-2021 by the UNHCR.\n\n\n== Population ==\n\nThe 2017 census recorded a population of 207,684,626 living in Pakistan's four provinces and the Islamabad Capital Territory. The census also reported that Azad Kashmir's population stood at 4,045,367 and Gilgit-Baltistan's population was 1,492,924. This meant that the total population of Pakistan in 2017 was 213,222,917.\nThe statistics in the graphs below were created by the United Nations in July 2022, and are covered in more detail in the following section. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.For years, the country with a population exceeding 230 million has been grappling to achieve economic stability. The people of Pakistan are living in a precarious situation, with an uncertain future in the country.\n\n\n=== Estimates from the United Nations ===\nIn July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a bi annually-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared estimates of Pakistan's population for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades. This data includes Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan.\nProjections are highlighted in light yellow, and future figures are taken from the medium fertility variant.\n\n\n=== Structure of population ===\n\nThe table below shows Pakistan's population structure by five-year age group and sex using data from the 2023 censusPakistan's estimated population as of August 25, 2017 was 207.77 million people, making it the world's fifth-most - populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. During 1950 -- 2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998 - 2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%.Pakistan's estimated population as of August 25, 2017 was 207.77 million people, making it the world's fifth-most - populous country, just behind Indonesia and slightly ahead of Brazil. During 1950 -- 2011, Pakistan's urban population expanded over sevenfold, while the total population increased by over fourfold. In the past, the country's population had a relatively high growth rate that has been changed by moderate birth rates. Between 1998 - 2017, the average population growth rate stood at 2.40%. The country has a relatively high, although declining, growth rate supported by high birth rates and low death rates. Between 1998 and 2017, the average annual population growth rate stood at +2.40%.\nDramatic social changes have led to urbanization and the emergence of two megacities: Karachi and Lahore. The country's urban population more than tripled between 1981 and 2017 (from 23.8 million to 75.7 million), as Pakistan's urbanisation rate rose from 28.2% to 36.4%. Even with this, the nation's urbanisation rate remains one of the lowest in the world, and in 2017, over 130 million Pakistanis (making up nearly 65% of the population) lived in rural areas.\nDue to a high fertility rate, which was estimated at 3.5 in 2022, Pakistan has one of the world's youngest populations. The 2017 census recorded that 40.3% of the country's population was under the age of 15, while only 3.7% of Pakistanis were aged 65 or more. The median age of the country was 19, while its sex ratio was recorded to be 105 males per 100 females",
"is_supporting": true
},
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Bedari",
"paragraph_text": "ina khadag bina dhal/ Sabarmati ke sant tu ne kar diya kamaal' had been changed to 'De di humein azaadi ki duniya huyi hairaan/ Aye Quaid-e-Azam tera ehsaan hai ehsaan'. In other words, a song celebrating the Indian Father of the Nation had been transposed to eulogize his Pakistani counterpart.\n\nAey Qaid-e-Azam,Bedari, a Pakistani Urdu black and white film, was a classic melodious film of 1956.This film had an identical plot and the songs like Indian film Jagriti (1954), with replacement of some words, and music were taken directly from Jagriti as well. Rattan Kumar (Syed Nazir Ali), who had moved to Pakistan with his family, acted in Bedari also. When 'Bedari' was released in Pakistan in 1956, it too made fabulous business in the first few weeks of exhibition. However, it dawned upon the Pakistani cinemagoers that they were watching a plagiarized film. There was a mass uproar that caused public demonstrations against exhibition of the plagiarized film. The Censor Board of Pakistan immediately put a ban on this film.BBedari, a Pakistani Urdu black and white film, was a classic melodious film of 1956.This film had an identical plot and the songs like Indian film Jagriti (1954), with replacement of some words, and music were taken directly from Jagriti as well. Rattan Kumar (Syed Nazir Ali), who had moved to Pakistan with his family, acted in Bedari also. When 'Bedari' was released in Pakistan in 1956, it too made fabulous business in the first few weeks of exhibition. However, it dawned upon the Pakistani cinemagoers that they were watching a plagiarized film. There was a mass uproar that caused public demonstrations against exhibition of the plagiarized film. The Censor Board of Pakistan immediately put a ban on this film.ar that caused public demonstrations against the exhibition of the film. The Censor Board of Pakistan immediately put a ban on the film.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nRattan Kumar\nRagni\nSantosh Kumar\nMeena Shorey\nLehri\nQazi Wajid\nBibbo\n\n\n== Music ==\nThe music of the film was composed by Ustad Fateh Ali Khan, a veteran Pakistani sitar player. The songs were written by Fayyaz Hashmi, and sung by Munawwar Sultana and Saleem Raza. A song which was a straight lift of the 'De Di Humein Azaadi' tune was titled Aye Quaid-e-Azam Tera Ehsaan Hai Ehsaan. The lines 'De di humein azaadi bina khadag bina dhal/ Sabarmati ke sant tu ne kar diya kamaal' had been changed to 'De di humein azaadi ki duniya huyi hairaan/ Aye Quaid-e-Azam tera ehsaan hai ehsaan'. In other words, a song celebrating the Indian Father of the Nation had been transposed to eulogize his Pakistani counterpart.\n\nAey Qaid-e-Azam,Bedari, a Pakistani Urdu black and white film, was a classic melodious film of 1956.This film had an identical plot and the songs like Indian film Jagriti (1954), with replacement of some words, and music were taken directly from Jagriti as well. Rattan Kumar (Syed Nazir Ali), who had moved to Pakistan with his family, acted in Bedari also. When 'Bedari' was released in Pakistan in 1956, it too made fabulous business in the first few weeks of exhibition. However, it dawned upon the Pakistani cinemagoers that they were watching a plagiarized film. There was a mass uproar that caused public demonstrations against exhibition of the plagiarized film. The Censor Board of Pakistan immediately put a ban on this film.Bedari is a Pakistani Urdu black and white film which was released in 1956. The lead cast of the film includes Ratan Kumar, Santosh Kumar, Ragni, Meena Shorey, Bibbo and Lehri. The film was premiered at Regent cinema, Lahore. It was the first film of Kumar",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| What was the population count in 2017 for the nation in which Bedari was produced? | [
{
"id": 106864,
"question": "What is the country Bedari is from?",
"answer": "Pakistan",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 80460,
"question": "what is the current population of #1 2017",
"answer": "207.77 million people",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| 207.77 million people | []
| true | What was the 2017 population of the country where Bedari was made? |
2hop__131455_11960 | [
{
"idx": 7,
"title": "Houston",
"paragraph_text": " the Massachusett people who had small, seasonal communities. When a group of settlers led by John Winthrop arrived in 1630, the Shawmut Peninsula was nearly empty of the Native people, as many had died of European diseases brought by early settlers and traders. Archaeological excavations unearthed one of the oldest fishweirs in New England on Boylston Street, which Native people constructed as early as 7,000 years before European arrival in the Western Hemisphere.\n\n\n=== Settlement by Europeans ===\nThe first European to live in what would become Boston was a Cambridge-educated Anglican cleric named William Blaxton. He was the person most directly responsible for the foundation of Boston by Puritan colonists in 1630. This occurred after Blaxton invited one of their leaders, Isaac Johnson, to cross Back Bay from the failing colony of Charlestown and share the peninsula. The Puritans made the crossing in September 1630.\n\n\n==== The name \"Boston\" ====\nBefore Johnson died on September 30, 1630, he named their then-new settlement across the river \"Boston\". (This was one of his last official acts as the leader of the Charlestown community.) The settlement's name came from Johnson's hometown of Boston, Lincolnshire, from which he, his wife (namesake of the Arbella) and John Cotton (grandfather of Cotton Mather) had emigrated to New England. The name of the English town ultimately derives from its patron saint, St. Botolph, in whose church John Cotton served as the rector until his emigration with Johnson. In early sources, Lincolnshire's Boston was known as \"St. Botolph's town\", later contracted to \"Boston\". Before this renaming, the settlement on the peninsula had been known as \"Shawmut\" by Blaxton and \"Tremontaine\" by the Puritan settlers he had invited.\n\n\n==== Puritan occupation ====\nPuritan influence on Boston began even before the settlement was founded with the 1629 Cambridge Agreement. This document created the Massachusetts Bay Colony and was signed by its first governor John Winthrop. Puritan ethics and their focus on education also influenced the early history of the city. America's first public school, Boston Latin School, was founded in Boston in 1635.\nBoston was the largest town in the Thirteen Colonies until Philadelphia outgrew it inIn the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space.BIn the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-floor, 1,002-foot (305 m)-tall JPMorgan Chase Tower (formerly the Texas Commerce Tower), completed in 1982. It is the tallest structure in Texas, 15th tallest building in the United States, and the 85th tallest skyscraper in the world, based on highest architectural feature. In 1983, the 71-floor, 992-foot (302 m)-tall Wells Fargo Plaza (formerly Allied Bank Plaza) was completed, becoming the second-tallest building in Houston and Texas. Based on highest architectural feature, it is the 17th tallest in the United States and the 95th tallest in the world. In 2007, downtown Houston had over 43 million square feet (4,000,000 m²) of office space. important role as a port, manufacturing hub, and center for education and culture. The city also expanded significantly beyond the original peninsula by filling in land and annexing neighboring towns. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), the first public school (Boston Latin School, 1635), and the first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897).\nBoston has emerged as a national leader in higher education and research and the largest biotechnology hub in the world. The city is also a national leader in scientific research, law, medicine, engineering, and business. With nearly 5,000 startup companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship, and more recently in artificial intelligence. Boston's economy also includes finance, professional and business services, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Furthermore, Boston's businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country",
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"idx": 12,
"title": "KZAR",
"paragraph_text": " in 2003, and KLTO-FM in 2005. It moved to its current tower, licensed to McQueeney, Texas, and upgraded to the current C1 class by 2008.\nWhen it moved to San Antonio, KLTO-FM broadcast a reggaeton format until 2008, then changed to rock under the \"977 Rock\" branding.\nOn February 4, 2011, the station changed formats to top 40 as \"Party 97.7\". The station's direction leaned towards dance, but played the usual top 40/CHR fare, similar to rivals KXXM and KTFM.\nOn August 15, 2011, Univision Radio sold KLTO-FM to Educational Media Foundation, whichKZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air 1 affiliate radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a Christian Worship format. The station is currently owned by Educational Media Foundation.KKZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air 1 affiliate radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a Christian Worship format. The station is currently owned by Educational Media Foundation.== History ==\nKZAR began operations in July 1989 as KQRO-FM, a 3 kilowatt class A facility licensed to Cuero, Texas, changing call letters to KVCQ in 1995, KNGT in 2003, and KLTO-FM in 2005. It moved to its current tower, licensed to McQueeney, Texas, and upgraded to the current C1 class by 2008.\nWhen it moved to San Antonio, KLTO-FM broadcast a reggaeton format until 2008, then changed to rock under the \"977 Rock\" branding.\nOn February 4, 2011, the station changed formats to top 40 as \"Party 97.7\". The station's direction leaned towards dance, but played the usual top 40/CHR fare, similar to rivals KXXM and KTFM.\nOn August 15, 2011, Univision Radio sold KLTO-FM to Educational Media Foundation, whichKZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air 1 affiliate radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a Christian Worship format. The station is currently owned by Educational Media Foundation.KZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air1-affiliated radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a contemporary worship music format. The station is owned by Educational Media Foundation.\n\n\n== History ==\nKZAR began operations in July 1989 as KQRO-FM, a 3 kilowatt class A facility licensed to Cuero, Texas, changing call letters to KVCQ in 1995, KNGT in 2003, and KLTO-FM in 2005. It moved to its current tower, licensed to McQueeney, Texas, and upgraded to the current C1 class by 2008.\nWhen it moved to San Antonio, KLTO-FM broadcast a reggaeton format until 2008, then changed to rock under the \"977 Rock\" branding.\nOn February 4, 2011, the station changed formats to top 40 as \"Party 97.7\". The station's direction leaned towards dance, but played the usual top 40/CHR fare, similar to rivals KXXM and KTFM.\nOn August 15, 2011, Univision Radio sold KLTO-FM to Educational Media Foundation, which flipped the station to the Air 1 network (which at that time carried a Christian rock format) in mid to late November. Its previous formats could be heard on KBBT HD2 when Univision had it.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of radio stations in Texas\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nFacility details for Facility ID 25588 (KZAR) in the FCC Licensing and Management System\nKZAR in Nielsen Audio's FM station databaseKZAR (97.7 FM) is an Air1-affiliated radio station licensed to McQueeney, Texas, United States. The station serves the San Antonio area with a contemporary worship music format. The station is owned by Educational Media Foundation.\n\n\n== History ==\nKZAR began operations in July 1989 as KQRO-FM, a 3 kilowatt class A facility licensed to Cuero, Texas, changing call letters to KVCQ in 1995, KNGT in 2003, and KLTO-FM in 2005. It moved to its current tower, licensed to McQueeney, Texas, and upgraded to the current C1 class by 2008.\nWhen it moved to San Antonio, KLTO-FM broadcast a reggaeton",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| In the state where KZAR resides, which building stands the highest? | [
{
"id": 131455,
"question": "Which state is KZAR located?",
"answer": "Texas",
"paragraph_support_idx": 12
},
{
"id": 11960,
"question": "What is the tallest building in #1 ?",
"answer": "JPMorgan Chase Tower",
"paragraph_support_idx": 7
}
]
| JPMorgan Chase Tower | [
"Texas Commerce Tower"
]
| true | What is the tallest building in the state where KZAR is located? |
3hop2__25177_19506_23299 | [
{
"idx": 0,
"title": "Napoleon",
"paragraph_text": "The resulting Treaty of Schönbrunn in October 1809 was the harshest that France had imposed on Austria in recent memory. Metternich and Archduke Charles had the preservation of the Habsburg Empire as their fundamental goal, and to this end they succeeded by making Napoleon seek more modest goals in return for promises of friendship between the two powers. Nevertheless, while most of the hereditary lands remained a part of the Habsburg realm, France received Carinthia, Carniola, and the Adriatic ports, while Galicia was given to the Poles and the Salzburg area of the Tyrol went to the Bavarians. Austria lost over three million subjects, about one-fifth of her total population, as a result of these territorial changes. Although fighting in Iberia continued, the War of the Fifth Coalition would be the last major conflict on the European continent for the next three years.Unhappy with this change of policy by the Portuguese government, Napoleon sent an army to invade Portugal. On 17 October 1807, 24,000 French troops under General Junot crossed the Pyrenees with Spanish cooperation and headed towards Portugal to enforce Napoleon's orders. This attack was the first step in what would eventually become the Peninsular War, a six-year struggle that significantly sapped French strength. Throughout the winter of 1808, French agents became increasingly involved in Spanish internal affairs, attempting to incite discord between members of the Spanish royal family. On 16 February 1808, secret French machinations finally materialized when Napoleon announced that he would intervene to mediate between the rival political factions in the country. Marshal Murat led 120,000 troops into Spain and the French arrived in Madrid on 24 March, where wild riots against the occupation erupted just a few weeks later. Napoleon appointed his brother, Joseph Bonaparte, as the new King of Spain in the summer of 1808. The appointment enraged a heavily religious and conservative Spanish population. Resistance to French aggression soon spread throughout the country. The shocking French defeat at the Battle of Bailén in July gave hope to Napoleon's enemies and partly persuaded the French emperor to intervene in person.Napoleon continued to entertain a grand scheme to establish a French presence in the Middle East in order to put pressure on Britain and Russia, and perhaps form an alliance with the Ottoman Empire. In February 1806, Ottoman Emperor Selim III finally recognized Napoleon as Emperor. He also opted for an alliance with France, calling France \"our sincere and natural ally.\" That decision brought the Ottoman Empire into a losing war against Russia and Britain. A Franco-Persian alliance was also formed between Napoleon and the Persian Empire of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar. It collapsed in 1807, when France and Russia themselves formed an unexpected alliance. In the end, Napoleon had made no effective alliances",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact",
"paragraph_text": " after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In March 1940, parts of the Karelia and Salla regions in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Winter War. The Soviet annexation of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region) followed. The Soviets used concern for ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians as a pretext for their invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, since it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence that had been agreed with the Axis.\nThe territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union following the 1939 Soviet invasion east of the Curzon line remained in the Soviet Union after the war and are now in Ukraine and Belarus. Vilnius was given to Lithuania. Only Podlaskie and a small part of Galicia east of the San River, around Przemyśl, were returned to Poland. Of all the other territories annexed by the Soviet Union in 1939–1940, those detached from Finland (Western Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Estonian Ingria and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remain part of Russia, the successor state to the Russian SFSR and the Soviet Union after the collapse of the USSR in 1991. The territories annexed from Romania were also integrated into the Soviet Union (such as the Moldavian SSR, or oblasts of the Ukrainian SSR). The core of Bessarabia now forms Moldova. Northern Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region now form the ChernivtsOf the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine. to the publicly announced stipulations of non-aggression for the next 10 years, the treaty included the Secret Protocol, which defined the borders of Soviet and German spheres of influence across Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. The secret protocol also recognized the interest of Lithuania in the Vilnius region, and Germany declared its complete uninterest in Bessarabia. In the west, rumoured existence of the Secret Protocol was proven only when it was made public during the Nuremberg trials.\nSoon after the pact, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin ordered the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September, one day after a Soviet–Japanese ceasefire came into effect after the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, and one day after the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union approved the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. After the invasions, the new border between the two countries was confirmed by the supplementary protocol of the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty. In March 1940, parts of the Karelia and Salla regions in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union following the Winter War. The Soviet annexation of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and the Hertsa region) followed. The Soviets used concern for ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians as a pretext for their invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina",
"is_supporting": true
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"idx": 14,
"title": "Phonograph record",
"paragraph_text": " 1990s and early 2000s were commonly used by disc jockeys (DJs), especially in dance music genres. They were also listened to by a growing number of audiophiles. The phonograph record has made a niche resurgence in the early 21st century, growing increasingly popular throughout the 2010s and 2020s.Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12Vinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of records started being made of vinyl also, for the same reason. These were all 78 rpm. During and after World War II, when shellac supplies were extremely limited, some 78 rpm records were pressed in vinyl instead of shellac, particularly the six-minute 12-inch (30 cm) 78 rpm records produced by V-Disc for distribution to United States troops in World War II. In the 1940s, radio transcriptions, which were usually on 16-inch records, but sometimes 12-inch, were always made of vinyl, but cut at 33 1��3 rpm. Shorter transcriptions were often cut at 78 rpm.A phonVinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of records started being made of vinyl also, for the same reason. These were all 78 rpm. During and after World War II, when shellac supplies were extremely limited, some 78 rpm records were pressed in vinyl instead of shellac, particularly the six-minute 12-inch (30 cm) 78 rpm records produced by V-Disc for distribution to United States troops in World War II. In the 1940s, radio transcriptions, which were usually on 16-inch records, but sometimes 12-inch, were always made of vinyl, but cut at 33 1⁄3 rpm. Shorter transcriptions were often cut at 78 rpm. they have since been produced in various sizes and speeds, most commonly 7-inch discs played at 45 rpm (typically for singles, also called 45s (\"forty-fives\")), and 12-inch discs played at 33�� rpm (known as an LP, \"long-playing records\", typically for full-length albums) – the latter being the most prevalent format today.\n\n\n== Overview ==\n\nThe phonograph record was the primary medium used for music reproduction throughout the 20th century. It had co-existed with the phonograph cylinder from the late 1880s and had effectively superseded it by around 1912. Records retained the largest market share even when new formats such as the compact cassette were mass-marketed. By the 1980s, digital media, in the form of the compact disc, had gained a larger market share, and the record left the mainstream in 1991. Since the 1990s, records continue to be manufactured and sold on a smaller scale, and during the 1990s and early 2000s were commonly used by disc jockeys (DJs), especially in dance music genres. They were also listened to by a growing number of audiophiles. The phonograph record has made a niche resurgence in the early 21st century, growing increasingly popular throughout the 2010s and 2020s.Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12Vinyl's lower surface noise level than shellac was not forgotten, nor was its durability. In the late 1930s, radio commercials and pre-recorded radio programs being sent to disc jockeys started being stamped in vinyl, so they would not break in the mail. In the mid-1940s, special DJ copies of records started being made of vinyl also, for the same reason. These were all 78 rpm. During and after World War II, when shellac supplies were extremely limited, some 78 rpm records were pressed in vinyl instead of shellac, particularly the six-minute 12-inch (30 cm) 78 rpm records produced by V-Disc for distribution to United States troops in World War II. In the 1940s, radio transcriptions, which were usually on 16-inch records, but sometimes 12-inch, were always made of vinyl, but cut at 33 1��3 rpm. Shorter transcriptions were often cut at 78 rpm.A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English), a vinyl record",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Following the era that saw a restriction on shellac availability, to which country were Białystok and Przemyśl, along with the territory allocated to them in the Treaty of Schönbrunn, given back? | [
{
"id": 25177,
"question": "What was a factor in shellac availability?",
"answer": "World War II",
"paragraph_support_idx": 14
},
{
"id": 19506,
"question": "In the Treaty of Schönbrunn, what territory was given to the Poles?",
"answer": "Galicia",
"paragraph_support_idx": 0
},
{
"id": 23299,
"question": "The regions of Białystok, #2 and Przemyśl were returned to what country after #1 ?",
"answer": "Polish state",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
}
]
| Polish state | []
| true | After the period which limited the supply of shellac; Białystok, Przemyśl were returned to what country along with the region they had been given in the Treaty of Schönbrunn? |
2hop__176_51164 | [
{
"idx": 9,
"title": "Beyoncé",
"paragraph_text": " The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the public to spend time with her daughter and to begin sessions for her next album. She resumed work in early 2013, performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at President Barack Obama's second inauguration and headlining the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, where there were expectations she would debut new music, although these rumors never materialized. She also released a self-directed autobiographical documentary in February, entitled Life Is But a Dream.\n\nIn March 2013, a two-part hip hop track entitled \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was released onto Beyoncé's SoundCloud account. \"Bow Down\", produced by Hit-Boy, was written after Beyoncé woke up one morning with a chant stuck in her head, feeling angry and defensive. This was melded with a Timbaland-produced second half \"I Been On\" that makes prominent use of a pitch-distorted vocal as a homage to the Houston hip hop scene. Michael Cragg of The Guardian described the song as \"brilliantly odd\", commending its loud, abrasive production, while Pitchfork's Lindsay Zoladz noted the song's assertiveness and believed it served as an introduction of what was to come. \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was perceived as a significant departure from Beyoncé's existing catalogue, particularly for its aggressive nature. The song's atmosphere and its controversial \"Bow down, bitches\" refrain drew a mixed reaction from those who questioned whether the lyric was aimed at women or merely a moment of braggadocio. Beyoncé clarified after the album's release, where elements of \"Bow Down\" appear on the track \"Flawless\", that the song and its refrain were intended as a statement of female empowerment.\nNeither Beyoncé or her representatives commented on the release of \"Bow Down/I Been On\", and many journalists questioned the nature of its release in the context of the release of her upcoming album. Further confusion was created when portions of other tracks \"Grown Woman\" and \"Standing on the Sun\" were used for television advertising campaigns, with a similar lack of explanation as to their purpose. Through much of 2013, the media intermittently reported that the album was delayed or scrapped, with one story alleging Beyoncé had scrapped fifty songs in favor of starting again. In July 2013, a spokesperson for Beyoncé denied speculation that her album had been delayed, stating there was no official release date to begin with and that when a date is set, it would be announced via an official press release. There was considerable confusion among music journalists and fans as Beyoncé engaged in extensive touring, while not discussing the album or its release.\n\n\n== Recording and production ==\nThe original plan was to create the entire album in a month and a half, but in the end it took a year and a half. Beyoncé rented a 40-bedroom mansion for the recording process. Recording sessions began in the summer of 2012 in the Hamptons, New York, where Beyoncé and her husband Jay-Z were living. She invited the \"world's best\" producers and songwriters to accompany them, including Sia, Timbaland, Eric Bellinger, Benny Blanco, Ryan Tedder, Justin Timberlake and The-Dream. Beyoncé described the atmosphere as unconventional, saying, \"we had dinners with the producers every dayBeyoncé is believed to have first started a relationship with Jay Z after a collaboration on \"'03 Bonnie & Clyde\", which appeared on his seventh album The Blueprint 2: The Gift & The Curse (2002). Beyoncé appeared as Jay Z's girlfriend in the music video for the song, which would further fuel speculation of their relationship. On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé and Jay Z were married without publicity. As of April 2014, the couple have sold a combined 300 million records together. The couple are known for their private relationship, although they have appeared to become more relaxed in recent years. Beyoncé suffered a miscarriage in 2010 or 2011, describing it as \"the saddest thing\" she had ever endured. She returned to the studio and wrote music in order to cope with the loss. In April 2011, Beyoncé and Jay Z traveled to Paris in order to shoot the album cover for her 4, and unexpectedly became pregnant in Paris. electronic and soul music. Throughout this period, the album's songs and videos were composed in strict secrecy as Beyoncé devised an unexpected release. Beyoncé's desire to assert her full artistic freedom served as inspiration for the album's dark, personal subject matter, which incorporated feminist themes of sex, monogamy, beauty standards and relationship problems.\nBeyoncé was released digitally on the iTunes Store, early in the day and without prior announcement or promotion, and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, earning Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album on the chart. The album sold over 617,000 copies in the United States and 828,773 copies worldwide in its first three days of sales, becoming the fastest-selling album in the history of the iTunes Store up to that point. In the 19 days between the album's release and the end of 2013, Beyoncé sold 2.3 million copies worldwide, finishing the year as the tenth-best-selling album globally, according to the IFPI. The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the public to spend time with her daughter and to begin sessions for her next album. She resumed work in early 2013, performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at President Barack Obama's second inauguration and headlining the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, where there were expectations she would debut new music, although these rumors never materialized. She also released a self-directed autobiographical documentary in February, entitled Life Is But a Dream.\n\nIn March 2013, a two-part hip hop track entitled \"",
"is_supporting": true
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{
"idx": 19,
"title": "Treaty of Paris (1783)",
"paragraph_text": " ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to theThe Treaty ofThe Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War. The treaty set the boundaries between the British Empire in North America and the United States, on lines ``exceedingly generous ''to the latter. Details included fishing rights and restoration of property and prisoners of war.",
"is_supporting": true
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| When did the treaty get signed, which shares the name with the city in which Beyoncé announced her pregnancy? | [
{
"id": 176,
"question": "Where did Beyoncé get pregnant?",
"answer": "Paris.",
"paragraph_support_idx": 9
},
{
"id": 51164,
"question": "when did the treaty of #1 get signed",
"answer": "September 3, 1783",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| September 3, 1783 | []
| true | When was the signing of the treaty named for the city where Beyoncé got pregnant? |
3hop1__128516_30587_83479 | [
{
"idx": 8,
"title": "WEDR",
"paragraph_text": ", Alabama. WEDR-FM had rock and country music formats. In the late 1960s WEDR was a progressive (underground) rock station playing music by bands like Jethro Tull and Pink Floyd.\n1970 – WEDR adopts a black format. The station had a weak signal that couldn't cover all of Dade county, but it fared well because it was the only black station in the market.\n1988 – WHQT drops its pop/dance format and adopts an Urban Contemporary format. According to the Miami Herald, \"WEDR dipped to a low ranking of 24th in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale market, and was eulogized as an outmoded, black-run David squashed beneath the foot of a corporate white Goliath.\"\n1990 – WEDR changed slogans from \"Starforce 99\" to \"99 JAMZ\", an Urban Contemporary with a notoriously wide variety playlist that ranged from R&B, Soul, and rap to Reggae on the weekends.\nApril 21, 1990 – The station's signal was increased from 16 kilowatts at 175 feet to 92 kilowatts at 1,014 feet. 99 Jamz becomes a factor in the West Palm Beach-Boca Raton market. The signal reaches as far as the Caribbean.\n1992 – 99 Jamz becomes the top rated station in the Miami-Ft. Lauderdale market. Traffic Reporting for WEDR was handled by George Sheldon from 1990-1997.\n2003 – Program Director and morning drive host, James T, migrates to sister station WHQT. James T. had been at WEDR for twenty years. WEDR began to skew more towards current format being a Mainstream Urban with the slogan \"99 JAMZ, South Florida's Number One For All of Today's Hip Hop and R&B\", then to \"99 JAMZ, South Florida's Number One For Even More Of Today's HipWEDR (99.1 FM, \"99 Jamz\") is an urban-formatted radio station serving the South Florida region and licensed to Miami, Florida. WEDR has an unusually wide music selection for a mainstream urban-formatted radio station that ranges from typical hip-hop and R&B to reggaeton. This is because South Florida is a very diversified region that has various music tastes. WEDR's studio is located in Hollywood, Florida. The station is owned by Cox Media Group alongside sister stations WHQT, WFEZ and WFLC.WWEDR (99.1 FM, \"99 Jamz\") is an urban-formatted radio station serving the South Florida region and licensed to Miami, Florida. WEDR has an unusually wide music selection for a mainstream urban-formatted radio station that ranges from typical hip-hop and R&B to reggaeton. This is because South Florida is a very diversified region that has various music tastes. WEDR's studio is located in Hollywood, Florida. The station is owned by Cox Media Group alongside sister stations WHQT, WFEZ and WFLC. has an unusually shaped coverage area due to the station's decision to move its antenna from a class C to a class C1 on a new tower near Miami Gardens. This change was made primarily to avoid interfering with adjacent frequencies that serve southwestern Florida. It also began broadcasting in IBOC digital radio, using the HD Radio system from iBiquity in Summer 2005.\n\n\n== History ==\n1963 – The WEDR call letters have been in South Florida since 1963 when the station's then owner Ed Rivers acquired them from an AM radio station in Birmingham, Alabama. WEDR-FM had rock and country music formats. In the late 1960s WEDR was a progressive (underground) rock station playing music by bands like Jethro Tull and Pink Floyd.\n1970 – WEDR adopts a black format. The station had a weak signal that couldn't cover all of Dade county, but it fared well because it was the only black station in the market.\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 15,
"title": "Battle of the Atlantic",
"paragraph_text": " blockade failed -- but at great cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-boats (the majority being Type VII submarines) and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Scharnhorst, Bismarck, Gneisenau, and Tirpitz), 9 cruisers, 7 raiders, and 27 destroyers. Of the U-boats, 519 were sunk by British, Canadian, or other allied forces, while 175 were destroyed by American forces; 15 were destroyed by Soviets and 73 were scuttled by their crews before the end of the war for various causes.The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day afterAs an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight. In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was a tonnage war: the Allied struggle to supply Britain and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. From 1942 onwards, the Axis also sought to prevent the build - up of Allied supplies and equipment in the British Isles in preparation for the invasion of occupied Europe. The defeat of the U-boat threat was a pre-requisite for pushing back the Axis. The outcome of the battle was a strategic victory for the Allies -- the German blockade failed -- but at great cost: 3,500 merchant ships and 175 warships were sunk in the Atlantic for the loss of 783 U-boats (the majority being Type VII submarines) and 47 German surface warships, including 4 battleships (Scharnhorst, Bismarck, Gneisenau, and Tirpitz), 9 cruisers, 7 raiders, and 27 destroyers. Of the U-boats, 519 were sunk by British, Canadian, or other allied forces, while 175 were destroyed by American forces; 15 were destroyed by Soviets and 73 were scuttled by their crews before the end of the war for various causes. supply Britain, and the Axis attempt to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting. Rationing in the United Kingdom was also used with the aim of reducing demand, by reducing wastage",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 17,
"title": "Miami",
"paragraph_text": "és, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaportCuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part of the local culture, and can be found throughout the city in window cafés, particularly outside of supermarkets and restaurants. Restaurants such as Versailles restaurant in Little Havana is a landmark eatery of Miami. Located on the Atlantic Ocean, and with a long history as a seaport, Miami is also known for its seafood, with many seafood restaurants located along the Miami River, and in and around Biscayne Bay. Miami is also the home of restaurant chains such as Burger King, Tony Roma's and Benihana. largest urban economy in Florida, with a gross domestic product of $344.9 billion as of 2017. According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities, Miami is the third-richest city in the U.S. and the third-richest globally in purchasing power. Miami is a majority-minority city with a Hispanic and Latino population of 310,472, or 70.2 percent of the cityCuban immigrants in the 1960s brought the Cuban sandwich, medianoche, Cuban espresso, and croquetas, all of which have grown in popularity to all Miamians, and have become symbols of the city's varied cuisine. Today, these are part",
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]
| What was the primary objective of Germany in the battle near the ocean next to the American city that hosts WEDR? | [
{
"id": 128516,
"question": "What city is WEDR located?",
"answer": "Miami",
"paragraph_support_idx": 8
},
{
"id": 30587,
"question": "What ocean is #1 adjacent to?",
"answer": "Atlantic",
"paragraph_support_idx": 17
},
{
"id": 83479,
"question": "what was germany's main goal in the battle of the #2",
"answer": "to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting",
"paragraph_support_idx": 15
}
]
| to stem the flow of merchant shipping that enabled Britain to keep fighting | [
"United Kingdom",
"UK"
]
| true | What was Germany's main goal in the battle of the ocean adjacent to the US city having WEDR? |
4hop3__827497_354093_254885_76356 | [
{
"idx": 4,
"title": "Hobcaw Barony",
"paragraph_text": "ropist, presidential advisor, and South Carolina native Bernard M. Baruch between 1905 and 1907 for a winter hunting retreat. Later, his eldest child, Belle W. Baruch, began purchasing the property from her father beginning in 1936. By 1956, Belle owned Hobcaw Barony entirely. Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to the Belle W. Baruch Foundation for a nature and research preserve. The property includes more than 37 historic buildings and structures representative of the eras of both 18th & 19th century rice cultivation and 20th century winter retreats. Hobcaw Barony was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994.HHobcaw Barony is a tract on a peninsula called Waccamaw Neck between the Winyah Bay and the Atlantic Ocean in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Much of Hobcaw Barony is south of US Highway 17. The land was purchased by the investor, philanthropist, presidential advisor, and South Carolina native Bernard M. Baruch between 1905 and 1907 for a winter hunting retreat. Later, his eldest child, Belle W. Baruch, began purchasing the property from her father beginning in 1936. By 1956, Belle owned Hobcaw Barony entirely. Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to the Belle W. Baruch Foundation for a nature and research preserve. The property includes more than 37 historic buildings and structures representative of the eras of both 18th & 19th century rice cultivation and 20th century winter retreats. Hobcaw Barony was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994. Places on November 2, 1994.\nThe Belle W. Baruch Foundation and the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve jointly operate the Hobcaw Barony Discovery Center and provide tours and special programs.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1718, John, Lord Carteret was given a royal grant of 12,000 acres (49 km2) barony on Hobcaw Point at the southern end of Waccamaw Neck. In 1766 and 1767, the tract was surveyed and sold in several parcels. These were developed into about a dozen rice plantations that contributed to Georgetown County's substantial rice production between the American Revolution and the Civil War. In ",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 11,
"title": "El Valle (volcano)",
"paragraph_text": " event that caused the top of the volcano to collapse into the empty magma chamber below forming a large caldera. Several lava domes have developed inside the caldera since the collapse—forming Cerro Pajita, Cerro Gaital and Cerro Caracoral peaks. Prior to research in the early 1990s, it was thought that no active volcanism existed within Panama. But radioactive dates from El Valle show that the volcano last erupted as recently as 200,000 years ago.El Valle is a stratovolcano in central Panama and is the easternmost volcano along the Central American Volcanic Arc which has been formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate below Central America. Some timeEl Valle is a stratovolcano in central Panama and is the easternmost volcano along the Central American Volcanic Arc which has been formed by the subduction of the Nazca Plate below Central America. Some time prior to 200,000 years ago, the volcano underwent a huge eruption event that caused the top of the volcano to collapse into the empty magma chamber below forming a large caldera. Several lava domes have developed inside the caldera since the collapse—forming Cerro Pajita, Cerro Gaital and Cerro Caracoral peaks. Prior to research in the early 1990s, it was thought that no active volcanism existed within Panama. But radioactive dates from El Valle show that the volcano last erupted as recently as 200,000 years ago.000 years ago.\nWork by de Boer et al. and Defant et al. of other volcanoes within Panama have shown that there are two episodes of volcanism—young (< 2.5 million years ago) and old (> 4.5 million years ago) groups. The young volcanism consists of adakites (slab melts) whereas the older volcanism appears to be normal calc-alkaline volcanism.\n\n\n== See also ==\n",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 16,
"title": "Winyah Bay",
"paragraph_text": " Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during the eighteenth century.Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during theWinyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina. Its name comes from the Winyaw, who used to inhabit the region during the eighteenth century. The historic port city of Georgetown is located on the bay, and the bay generally serves as the terminating point for the Grand Strand.. The historic port city of Georgetown is located on the bay, and the bay generally serves as the terminating point for the Grand Strand.Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and theWinyah Bay is a coastal estuary",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 19,
"title": "History of the Panama Canal",
"paragraph_text": " the financing of the massive project, the project succeeded in only partially completing the canal.The idea of the Panama Canal dates back to 1513, when the Spanish conquistador Vasco Núñez de Balboa first crossed the Isthmus of Panama. This narrow land bridge between North and South America was a fine location to digBy the late nineteenth century, technological advances and commercial pressure allowed construction to begin in earnest. Noted canal engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps led an initial attempt by France to build a sea - level canal. Beset by cost overruns due to the severe underestimation of the difficulties in excavating the rugged Panama land, heavy personnel losses in Panama due to tropical diseases, and political corruption in France surrounding the financing of the massive project, the project succeeded in only partially completing the canal.",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Who spearheaded the endeavor to connect the Pacific Ocean with the sea that is reachable through the Pee Dee River and a bay, by creating a canal through the continental area that houses the El Valle volcano? | [
{
"id": 827497,
"question": "Pee Dee River >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Winyah Bay",
"paragraph_support_idx": 16
},
{
"id": 354093,
"question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse",
"answer": "Atlantic Ocean",
"paragraph_support_idx": 4
},
{
"id": 254885,
"question": "El Valle >> continent",
"answer": "Central America",
"paragraph_support_idx": 11
},
{
"id": 76356,
"question": "who pushed for a canal across #3 linking #2 and the pacific ocean",
"answer": "Ferdinand de Lesseps",
"paragraph_support_idx": 19
}
]
| Ferdinand de Lesseps | []
| true | The Pee Dee River leads to a bay which leads to an ocean. Who led an attempt to link that ocean with the Pacific via a canal through the continental region containing the El Valle volcano? |
2hop__128945_47686 | [
{
"idx": 6,
"title": "CKIS-FM",
"paragraph_text": " rimshotting Downtown Toronto. The station has often marketed itself as a Toronto station, while Evanov made repeated attempts to move or otherwise modify CIDC's signal to better serve the GTA, almost all of which were denied by the CRTC for neglecting its formal city of licence. The CRTC also reprimanded CIDC for not specifically devoting enough on-air community interest programming, news, sports and information specific to Orangeville or Dufferin County, as specified in its original approval.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Orangeville area was struck by a massive F4 tornado as part of the 1985 United States–Canada tornado outbreak on May 31, 1985, and the community felt it did not receive adequate warning from stations in Toronto. As such, an application was made to the CRTC for a radio station to serve Orangeville. CRTC approval was given for the station on September 10, 1986, under a guideline not to solicit advertising from Toronto, Barrie or Brampton. The station's frequency allocation was originally specified for Guelph, and was moved to Orangeville to allow for the service.\nCIDC was launched on May 1, 1987, on 103.5 FM with an ERP of 50,000 watts from a site located northwest of Orangeville. Its transmitter's terrain, which measured 527.3 metres (1,730 ft) height above average terrain, and tower height of 98.1 metres (322 ft) meant it was .6 metres (2.0 ft) higher than the top of CN Tower. CIDC's launch format as \"DC 103.5\" was 70's/80's hits.\n\nOn September 28, 1994, the CRTC approved the ownership transfer of Dufferin Communications from its shareholders to CKMW Radio Ltd., operator of Brampton multicultural station CIAO. The station was branded Hot 103.5 in February 1995 (later calling it \"Hot 103 dot 5\"), playing only dance music. The station then began adding more R&B and pop tracks to its Top 40/dance playlist in February 1998, and was renamed Hits 103.5.\nOn July 28, 2000, approval was given to relocate the transmitter site from 6 km west of Orangeville town hall to 11 km east of Orangeville town hall and decrease the station's power from 50,000 watts to 30,700 watts.\nIn late December 2000, the station was re-branded as Z103.5 (with the decimal point heard as \"dot\"), with the slogan \"The Hit Music Channel\", though the CIDC call letters were retained. The slogan was later changed to simply \"Today's Hit Music\".\nUntil the summer of 2006, CIDC was the only radio station in Canada that played dance music since CING-FM changed formats in 2001. It was the only Top 40 station left in Toronto after CISS-FM became \"CKIS-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 92.5 MHz in Toronto, Ontario. Owned by Rogers Media, the station broadcasts a Top 40 (CHR) format branded as \"KiSS 92.5\". The station is one of two top-40 stations licensed to the city of Toronto (the other being CKFM-FM).CKIS-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 92.5 MHz in Toronto, Ontario. Owned by Rogers Media, the station broadcasts a Top 40 (CHR) format branded as \"KiSS 92.5\". The station is one of two top-40 stations licensed to the city of Toronto (the other being CKFM-FM).C has historically been known for having a dance and electronic music-leaning format, and has sponsored electronic music events and co-branded dance music compilations. CIDC held a 2.0 share of the market in Numeris's Spring 2018 ratings.\nDue to its signal location near Orangeville, the station covers Barrie and Kitchener in addition to rimshotting Downtown Toronto. The station has often marketed itself as a Toronto station, while Evanov made repeated attempts to move or otherwise modify CIDC's signal to better serve the GTA, almost all of which were denied by the CRTC for neglecting its formal city of licence. The CRTC also reprimanded CIDC for not specifically devoting enough on-air community interest programming, news, sports and information specific to Orangeville or D",
"is_supporting": true
},
{
"idx": 10,
"title": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_text": " later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the ElizabethThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal. \n\nAfter purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.\nThe bus bays on the south side of the building were decommissioned and the area converted into a Green P paid parking lot. The waiting area and newsstand in the Elizabeth Street Terminal were closed in 2010 with only the bus platform on the north of the building remaining open to the public for bus arrivals. Due to limited space, buses would park overnight along Edward Street and Chestnut Street.\nA renovation of the main terminal building occurred in 1990, tripled the main terminal's floor space to 2,500 square metres, creating more seating for waiting passengers (250 seats rather than 100). This was done by demolishing the interior wall separating the main building from the bus bays and replacing it with a glass wall several metres to the west, reducing the space allotted for bus bays. The bus shed is configured into seven lanes, with room for two buses in each lane. The 40-seat lunch counter-style restaurant which had been on the main floor was removed and replaced by an upstairs restaurant and bar seating 150, with railings overlooking main floor enclosed with glass. The restaurant was unable to attract enough passengers to sustain itself",
"is_supporting": true
}
]
| Where do buses depart the city that is served by CKIS-FM? | [
{
"id": 128945,
"question": "What town or city does CKIS-FM serve?",
"answer": "Toronto",
"paragraph_support_idx": 6
},
{
"id": 47686,
"question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #1",
"answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal",
"paragraph_support_idx": 10
}
]
| Toronto Coach Terminal | []
| true | From where do buses leave the city CKIS-FM serves? |
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