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2hop__63982_768138	[ { "idx": 9, "title": "Pulse (1988 film)", "paragraph_text": " father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean Sincere as Ruby\nTerry Beaver as Policeman\nGreg Norberg as Policeman\nTim Russ as Policeman\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film was promoted by the taglines \"It traps you in your house...then pulls the plug,\" \"In every second of every day, it improves our lives. And in a flash, it can end them,\" and also \"the ultimate shocker.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E. McEuen.\nPaul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he'd been listening to “the sounds of the house…..the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed itself .\nGolding wrote the screenplay under the working titles of House, Tract and Currents in 1981 but couldn't get it made until Columbia eventually took it on seven years later. David Morse and Tommy Lee Jones both auditioned for the role of Bill but lost to Cliff De Young. Production was completed a day early and $1 million under its $6 million budget, and as a result were able to afford Oxford Scientific Films to do many of the special effects.\n\n\n== Release ==\nDavid V. Picker, the head of Paramount Pictures at the time, was impressed by the film and intended to position it as a wide release, but changes in studio management curtailed this and it was only released theatrically in Texas and Oklahoma, while it went straight to video elsewhere. The movie did however become a success on video.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nPulse has a 64% approval rating at the online review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews.\n\n\n== Music ==\nThe musical score for Pulse was composed by Jay Ferguson, who also composed \"Pictures of You\" from the soundtrack to The Terminator, and the film score to A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nPulse at IMDbPulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, Matthew Lawrence, and Charles Tyner. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research Corporation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA highly aggressive, paranormal intelligence thriving within the electrical grid system of Los Angeles, California is moving from house to house. It terrorizes the occupants by taking control of the appliances, killing them or causing them to wreck the house in an effort to destroy it. Once this has been accomplished, it travels along the power lines to the next house, and the terror restarts. Having thus wrecked one household in a quiet, suburban neighborhood, the pulse finds itself in the home of a boy's divorced father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean Sincere as Ruby\nTerry Beaver as Policeman\nGreg Norberg as Policeman\nTim Russ as Policeman\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film was promoted by the taglines \"It traps you in your house...then pulls the plug,\" \"In every second of every day, it improves our lives. And in a flash, it can end them,\" and also \"the ultimate shocker.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E. McEuen.\nPaul Golding got the idea for Pulse fromPulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research.PPulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, and Matthew Lawrence. The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California. The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research. by Cinema Research Corporation.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nA highly aggressive, paranormal intelligence thriving within the electrical grid system of Los Angeles, California is moving from house to house. It terrorizes the occupants by taking control of the appliances, killing them or causing them to wreck the house in an effort to destroy it. Once this has been accomplished, it travels along the power lines to the next house, and the terror restarts. Having thus wrecked one household in a quiet, suburban neighborhood, the pulse finds itself in the home of a boy's divorced father whom he is visiting. It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nCliff De Young as Bill Rockland\nRoxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland\nJoey Lawrence as David Rockland\nMatthew Lawrence as Stevie\nCharles Tyner as Old Man Holger\nDennis Redfield as Pete\nRobert Romanus as Paul\nMyron Healey as Howard\nMichael Rider as Foreman\nJean Sincere as Ruby\nTerry Beaver as Policeman\nGreg Norberg as Policeman\nTim Russ as Policeman\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film was promoted by the taglines \"It traps you in your house...then pulls the plug,\" \"In every second of every day, it improves our lives. And in a flash, it can end them,\" and also \"the ultimate shocker.\"\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E. McEuen.\nPaul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he'd been listening to “the sounds of the house…..the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Gimme a Break!", "paragraph_text": "isky's father Stanley (John Hoyt) sold the family's Glenlawn home.\nOver the six-year run, celebrities often appeared on the show, including singers Whitney Houston, Andy Gibb, Sammy Davis Jr., Ray Parker Jr., and The Pointer Sisters. More often than not, the guest singers would perform a song with Nell on the episodes. During the third season, Pat Sajak guest-starred as himself when Nell and her friend Addy (Telma Hopkins) were contestants on Wheel of Fortune. Other notable guest stars included Milton Berle, Danny Glover, Rue McClanahan, Tony Randall, Helen Hunt, Don Rickles, Gwen Verdon, Dennis Haysbert, Ernie Hudson, Gary Collins, and Elizabeth Berkley.\nThe episode \"Cat Story\" was performed and broadcast live on March 2, 1985, as a promotional gimmick, which the cast performed without major incident. An earlier episode (from the 1984–85 season), \"Baby of the Family\", ranked number 38 on TV Land's list of \"The 100 Most Unexpected TV Moments\"; it depicted Joey dressing and performing in blackface at Nell's church benefit, a plan hatchedThe sitcom takes place in Glenlawn, a fictional California suburb (certain episodes differ as to of what California city suburb was Glenlawn). Nellie Ruth ``Nell ''Harper (Nell Carter) agrees to look after the Kanisky household as a special favor to her dying friend Margaret Huffman Kanisky (played in flashback by Sharon Spelman), who was the wife of police chief Carl Kanisky (Dolph Sweet), serving as a parental figure to the Chief's three teenage daughters, Katie (Kari Michaelsen), Julie (Lauri Hendler), and Samantha (Lara Jill Miller). A foster son, Joey (Joey Lawrence), was added to the Kanisky household in Season 3.GThe sitcom takes place in Glenlawn, a fictional California suburb (certain episodes differ as to of what California city suburb was Glenlawn). Nellie Ruth ``Nell ''Harper (Nell Carter) agrees to look after the Kanisky household as a special favor to her dying friend Margaret Huffman Kanisky (played in flashback by Sharon Spelman), who was the wife of police chief Carl Kanisky (Dolph Sweet), serving as a parental figure to the Chief's three teenage daughters, Katie (Kari Michaelsen), Julie (Lauri Hendler), and Samantha (Lara Jill Miller). A foster son, Joey (Joey Lawrence), was added to the Kanisky household in Season 3.), serving as a parental figure to the chief's three teenaged daughters, Katie (Kari Michaelsen), Julie (Lauri Hendler), and Samantha (Lara Jill Miller). A foster son, Joey (Joey Lawrence), was added to the Kanisky household in season three.\nFive episodes into the sixth and final season, the show changed locales from Glenlawn to New York City, when Nell, concerned for Joey's welfare after he moved there with his absentee father, traveled there to check on him. She subsequently assumed guardianship of Joey and his younger brother Matthew (played by Joey Lawrence's real-life brother Matthew Lawrence) at their father's request, and was forced to permanently relocate there after Chief Kanisky's father Stanley (John Hoyt) sold the family's Glenlawn home.\nOver the six-year run, celebrities often appeared on the show, including singers Whitney Houston, Andy Gibb, Sammy Davis Jr., Ray Parker Jr., and The Pointer Sisters. More often than not, the guest singers would perform a song with Nell on the episodes. During the third season, Pat Sajak guest-starred as himself when Nell and", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the brother or sister of the performer who portrayed the character Joey in Gimme a Break?	[ { "id": 63982, "question": "who played joey on gimme a break", "answer": "Joey Lawrence", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 768138, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Matthew Lawrence", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]	Matthew Lawrence	[]	true	Who is the sibling of the actor who played Joey on Gimme a Break?
3hop1__141138_2053_5289	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that areaThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": "In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Chisholms", "paragraph_text": "== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, 1980, to March 15, 1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n=== Season 2: 1980 series ===\n\n\n== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, \"The Chisholms\" is akin to the unsuccessful 1977 NBC venture, \"The Oregon Trail\". In that series, Rod Taylor's character of Evan Thorpe, a widowed father, leaves Illinois in 1842 to seek a new life for his three children in Oregon.The\"The Chisholms\" is akin to the unsuccessful 1977 NBC venture, \"The Oregon Trail\". In that series, Rod Taylor's character of Evan Thorpe, a widowed father, leaves Illinois in 1842 to seek a new life for his three children in Oregon.1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n=== Season 2: 1980 series ===\n\n\n== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, 1980, to March 15, 1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n=== Season 2: 1980 series ===\n\n\n== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, \"The Chisholms\" is akin to the unsuccessful 1977 NBC venture, \"The Oregon Trail\". In that series, Rod Taylor's character of Evan Thorpe, a widowed father, leaves Illinois in 1842 to seek a new life for his three children in Oregon.The Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, 1980, to March 15, 1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Season 1: 1979 miniseries ===\n\n\n=== Season 2: 1980 series ===\n\n\n== Home media ==\nThe four part miniseries of The Chisholms was released on VHS by U.S.A Home Video in 1986 in which it was presented as a feature film with a runtime of 4 hours and 37 minutes on two tapes.\nOn June 10, 2014, Timeless Media Group released the complete series on DVD in Region 1.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe Chisholms at IMDbThe Chisholms is a CBS western miniseries starring Robert Preston, which aired from March 29, 1979, to April 19, 1979; and continued as a television series from January 19, 1980, to March 15, 1980. The original mini-series episodes were filmed in Illinois at New Salem State Park near Springfield, and Jubilie State Park near Peoria.\n\n\n==", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which British record label was acquired by the corporation that, in conjunction with ABC and the network that aired The Chisholms, constitutes one of the other significant broadcasting entities based in New York?	[ { "id": 141138, "question": "Who broadcasted The Chisholms?", "answer": "NBC", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 2053, "question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?", "answer": "CBS", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 5289, "question": "What lable was bought by #2 in the UK?", "answer": "Oriole Records.", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	Oriole Records.	[ "Oriole Records" ]	true	What UK label was bought by the company which, along with ABC and the network which broadcasted The Chisholms, is the other major broadcaster based in NY?
3hop2__92991_38326_76291	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Dwight D. Eisenhower", "paragraph_text": " II in 1941. After further promotion Eisenhower oversaw the Allied invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany. After the war ended in Europe, he served as military governor of the American-occupied zone of Germany (1945), Army Chief of Staff (1945–1948), president of Columbia University (1948–1953), and as the first supreme commander of NATO (1951–1952).\nIn 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a Republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft, who opposed NATO. Eisenhower won that year's election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating Adlai Stevenson II. Eisenhower's main goals in office were to contain the spread of communism and reduce federal deficits. In 1953, he considered using nuclear weapons to end the Korean War and may have threatened China with nuclear attack if an armistice was not reached quickly. China did agree and an armistice resulted, which remains in effect. His New Look policy of nuclear deterrence prioritized \"inexpensive\" nuclear weapons while reducing funding for expensive Army divisions. He continued Harry S. Truman's policy of recognizing Taiwan as the legitimate government of China, and he won congressional approval of the Formosa Resolution. His administration provided major aid to help the French fight off Vietnamese Communists in the First Indochina War. After the French left, he gave strong financial support to the new state of South Vietnam. He supported regime-changing military coups in Iran and Guatemala orchestrated by his own administration. During the Suez Crisis of 1956, he condemned the Israeli, British, and French invasion of Egypt, and he forced them to withdraw. He also condemned the Soviet invasion during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 but took no action. He deployed 15,000 soldiers during the 1958 Lebanon crisis. Near the end of his term, a summit meeting with the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was cancelled when a US spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. Eisenhower approved the Bay of Pigs Invasion, which was left to John F. Kennedy to carry out.\nOn the domestic front, Eisenhower governed as a moderate conservative who continued New Deal agencies and expanded Social Security. He covertly opposed Joseph McCarthy and contributed to the end of McCarthyism by openly invoking executive privilege. He signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and sent Army troops to enforce federal court orders which integrated schools in Little Rock, Arkansas. His administration undertook the development and construction of the Interstate Highway System, which remains the largest construction of roadways in American history. In 1957, following the Soviet launch of Sputnik, Eisenhower led the American response which included the creation of NASA and the establishment of a stronger, science-basedWhittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren \"represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court\". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court. invasion of Normandy in 1944.\nEisenhower was born in Denison, Texas, and raised in Abilene, Kansas. His family had a strong religious background, and his mother became a Jehovah's Witness. Eisenhower, however, belonged to no organized church until 1952. He graduated from West Point in 1915 and later married Mamie Doud, with whom he had two sons. During World War I, he was denied a request to serve in Europe and instead commanded a unit that trained tank crews. Between the wars he served in staff positions in the US and the Philippines, reaching the rank of brigadier general shortly before the entry of the US into World War II in 1941. After further promotion Eisenhower oversaw the Allied invasions of North Africa and Sicily before supervising the invasions of France and Germany. After the war ended in Europe, he served as military governor of the American-occupied zone of Germany (1945), Army Chief of Staff (1945–1948), president of Columbia University (1948–1953), and as the first supreme commander of NATO (1951–1952).\nIn 1952, Eisenhower entered the presidential race as a Republican to block the isolationist foreign policies of Senator Robert A. Taft, who opposed NATO. Eisenhower won that year's election and the 1956 election in landslides, both times defeating Adlai Stevenson II. Eisenhower's main goals", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "2014 United States Senate elections", "paragraph_text": " started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa, Montana, South Dakota, and West Virginia that were previously held by Democrats. Democrats did not pick up any Republican-held seats, but they did hold an open seat in Michigan.\nThis was the second consecutive election cycle held in a president's sixth year where control of the Senate changed hands, the first being in 2006. This was also the first time that the Democrats lost control of the Senate in a sixth-year midterm election cycle since 1918. With a total net gain of 9 seats, the Republicans made the largest Senate gain by any party since 1980. This is also the first election cycle since 1980 in which more than 2 incumbent Democratic senators were defeated by their Republican challengers. Days after the election cycle, the United States Election Project estimated that 36.The Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They had needed a net gain of at least six seats to obtain a majority. They held all of their seats, and gained nine Democratic - held seats. Republicans defeated five Democratic incumbents:3 Class 3 seats were contested in special elections due to Senate vacancies. The elections marked 100 years of direct elections of U.S. senators. Going into the elections, 21 of the contested seats were held by the Democratic Party, while 15 were held by the Republican Party.\nThe Republicans regained the majority of the Senate in the 114th Congress, which started in January 2015; the Republicans had not controlled the Senate since January 2007. They needed a net gain of at least 6 seats to obtain a majority and were projected by polls to do so. On election night, they held all of their seats and gained 9 Democratic-held seats. Republicans defeated 5 Democratic incumbents: Mark Begich of Alaska lost to Dan Sullivan, Mark Pryor of Arkansas lost to Tom Cotton, Mark Udall of Colorado lost to Cory Gardner, Mary Landrieu of Louisiana lost to Bill Cassidy, and Kay Hagan of North Carolina lost to Thom Tillis. Republicans also picked up another 4 open seats in Iowa", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Standing Rules of the United States Senate", "paragraph_text": ". The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n===The Standing Rules of the Senate are the parliamentary procedures adopted by the United States Senate that govern its procedure. The Senate's power to establish rules derives from Article One, Section 5 of the United States Constitution: ``Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings... '' are currently forty-five rules, with the latest revision adopted on January 24, 2013. The most recent addition of a new rule occurred in 2006, when The Legislative Transparency and Accountability Act of 2006 introduced a 44th rule on earmarks. The stricter rules are often waived by unanimous consent.\n\n\n== Outline of rules ==\n\n\n=== Quorum ===\nThe Constitution provides that a majority of the Senate constitutes a quorum to do business. Under the rules and customs of the Senate, a quorum is always assumed to be present unless a quorum call explicitly demonstrates otherwise. Any senator may request a quorum call by \"suggesting the absence of a quorum\"; a clerk then calls the roll of the Senate and notes which members are present. In practice, senators almost always request quorum calls not to establish the presence of a quorum, but to temporarily delay proceedings without having to adjourn the session. Such a delay may serve one of many purposes; often, it allows Senate leaders to negotiate compromises off the floor or to allow senators time to come to the Senate floor to make speeches without having to constantly be present in the chamber while waiting for the opportunity. Once the need for a delay has ended, any senator may request unanimous consent to rescind the quorum call.\n\n\n=== Debate ===\nThe Senate is presided over by the Presiding Officer, either the President of the Senate (the Vice President) or more often the President pro tempore (in special cases the Chief Justice presides). During debates, senators may speak only if called upon by the Presiding Officer. The Presiding Officer is, however, required to recognize the first senator who rises to speak. Thus, the Presiding Officer has little control over the course of debate. Customarily, the majority leader and minority leader are accorded priority during debates, even if another senator rises first. All speeches must be addressed to the Presiding Officer, using the words \"Mr. President\" or \"Madam President\". Only the Presiding Officer may be directly addressed in speeches; other members must be referred to in the third person. In most cases, senators refer to each other not by name, but by state, using forms such as \"the senior senator from Virginia\" or \"the junior senator from California\".\nThere are very few restrictions on the content of speeches, and there is no requirement that speeches be germane to the matter before the Senate.\nThe Senate Rules provide that no senator may make more than two speeches on a motion or bill on the same legislative day (a legislative day begins when the Senate convenes and", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the political party associated with Harlan and Stewart acquire dominance over the entity that sets the regulations for the US House and US Senate?	[ { "id": 92991, "question": "who determines the rules of the us house and us senate", "answer": "The Senate", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 38326, "question": "What were Harlan and Stewart's party affiliations?", "answer": "Republicans", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 76291, "question": "when did #2 take control of the #1", "answer": "January 2015", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	January 2015	[]	true	When did the party Harlan and Stewart were affiliated with gain control of the body which determines rules of the US House and US Senate?
2hop__72686_83769	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Justice League (film)", "paragraph_text": " It received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism aimed towards the plot, pacing, generic villain, direction, cinematography, and computer-generated imagery, while its humor and disjointed tone were met with polarized responses, although the action sequences and performances were praised.Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name. Produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, DC Films, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Atlas Entertainment, and Cruel and Unusual Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Zack Snyder who was replaced by Joss Whedon after Snyder left the project and written by Chris Terrio and Joss WhedWith the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped. The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team - up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman. In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script. Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films. In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio. Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby. Although Justice League was initially announced as a two - part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand - alone stories. Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Zack Snyder who was replaced by Joss Whedon after Snyder left the project and written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, the film features an ensemble cast including Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons. In the film, following the events of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after the death of Superman to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.\nWarner Bros. began to develop a live-action Justice League film in 2007 with George Miller set to direct, but the project was canceled due to production delays and budgetary concerns. Principal photography took place from April to October 2016. After Snyder stepped down from the film following the death of his daughter, Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including writing and directing additional scenes, as well as reshooting a large portion of the film, which changed many aspects of it; Snyder ultimately retained sole credit as director. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, Justice League is one of the most expensive films ever made.\nJustice League premiered in Los Angeles on November 13, 2017, and was released in the United States four days later. The film grossed $661.3 million worldwide against an assumed break-even point of $750 million, becoming a box-office bomb and losing Warner Bros. an estimated $60 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism aimed towards the plot, pacing, generic villain, direction, cinematography, and computer-generated imagery, while its humor and disjointed tone were met with polarized responses, although the action sequences and performances were praised.Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name. Produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, DC Films, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Atlas Entertainment, and Cruel and Unusual Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Zack Snyder who was replaced by Joss Whedon after Snyder left the project and written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, the film features an ensemble cast including Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons. In the film, following the events of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after the death of Superman to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.\nWarner Bros. began to develop a live-action Justice League film in 2007 with George Miller set to direct, but the project was canceled due to production delays and budgetary concerns. Principal photography took place from April to October 2016. After Snyder stepped down from the film following the death of his daughter, Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including writing and directing additional scenes, as well as reshooting a large portion of the film, which changed many aspects of it; Snyder ultimately retained sole credit as director. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, Justice League is one", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Dazed and Confused (film)", "paragraph_text": "50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in the school parking lot by senior girls (led by Darla), covered in mustard, ketchup, flour and raw eggs and forced to propose to senior boys.\nAs day fades to night, freshman Mitch Kramer escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett, but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion, a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn, Tony Olson, and Mike Newhouse decide to participate in the evening's festivities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson, a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.\nAs the night progresses, students loiter around the Emporium, listen to rock music, cruise the neighborhood and frequent a local drive-through restaurant. Mitch is introduced to sophomore Julie Simms, with whom he shares a mutual attraction. While cruising again with Pink, Pickford and Don Dawson, Mitch drinks beer and smokes marijuana for the first time. After a game of mailbox baseball, a neighborhood resident brandishing a gun threatens to call the police. They barely escape after the resident fires at their car. After returning to the Emporium, Mitch runs into his middle school friends and hatches a plan with them to exact revenge on O'Bannion. The freshmen dump paint on O'Bannion from a roof, causing him to leave in a fit of rage.\nAfter the Emporium closes, an impromptu keg party is planned in a field under a moonlight tower. Cynthia, Tony, and Mike arrive at their first keg party, where Mike is threatened by tough guy Clint Bruno. Tony runs into freshman Sabrina Davis, whom he met earlier during the hazing, and begins spending time with her. Mike, suffering from the humiliation of his confrontation with Clint, decides to make a stand by punching him; in return, he gets tackled by Clint and receives a beating from him. The fight is broken up by Pink and Wooderson. Football player Benny O'Donnell confronts Pink about his refusal toFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony RFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. feature. Linklater drew heavily on his adolescence in Huntsville, Texas, to write the script, lifting the names of several people from his", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which character was portrayed by the actor from the recent Justice League, who also played Batman, in the film Dazed and Confused?	[ { "id": 72686, "question": "who plays batman in the new justice league", "answer": "Ben Affleck", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 83769, "question": "who did #1 play in dazed and confused", "answer": "Fred O'Bannion", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]	Fred O'Bannion	[]	true	Who did the actor who played Batman in the new Justice League play in Dazed and Confused?
2hop__284789_52835	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "Sinkin' Soon", "paragraph_text": " Jones said. Jones's old friend J. Walter Hawkes contributed a trombone solo, and M. Ward performed backing vocals.\n\n\n== Music video ==\n\nThe music video was filmed in November 2006 and directed by Ace Norton, who directed the video for Jones's previous single, \"Thinking About You\". It was shot in one day at an industrial strip south of downtown Los Angeles and features special effects and stop motion animation. It was released on March 1, 2007.\nIt begins with various household items in a darkly lit utility room assembling themselves into Jones's backing band. Jones performs the song with the band, as a doll in a doll's house and on a miniature stage, and she dances with an empty tuxedo before performing the song in a mouse hole, dressed in a mouse costume. The video ends with the items assuming their original positions in the room.\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nNorah Jones - vocals, piano\nJ. Walter Hawkes - trombone\nJesse Harris - guitjo\nKevin Breit - mandolin\nLee Alexander - bass\nAndrew Borger - drums, slit drum, pots & pans\nDaru Oda - vocals\nM. Ward - vocals\n\n\n== Notes ==\"Sinkin' Soon\" is a song written by Norah Jones and Lee Alexander, and is the second single from Jones's third solo album, Not Too Late (2007). It was released in the United States on March 26, 2007 (see 2007 in music).\nAlexander wrote most of the song, with Jones composing the bridge. According to Jones, they couldn't play the whole song before they recorded it, so they went out for dinner and drank beer. \"I guess we needed a little bit of that drunken sailor vibe because we came back and recorded this on the first take\", Jones said. Jones's old friend J. Walter Hawkes contributed a trombone solo, and M. Ward performed backing vocals.\n\n\n== Music video ==\n\nThe music video was filmed in November 2006 and directed by Ace Norton, who directed the video for Jones's previous single, \"Thinking About You\". It was shot in one day at an industrial strip south of downtown Los Angeles and features special effects and stop motion animation. It was released on March 1, 2007.\nIt begins with various household items in a darkly lit utility room assembling themselves into Jones's backing band. Jones performs the song with the band, as a doll in a doll's house and on a miniature stage, and she dances with an empty tuxedo before performing the song in a mouse hole, dressed in a mouse costume. The video ends with the items assuming their original positions in the room.\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nNorah Jones - vocals, piano\nJ. Walter Hawkes - trombone\nJesse Harris - guitjo\nKevin Breit - mandolin\nLee Alexander - bass\nAndrew Borger - drums, slit drum, pots & pans\nDaru Oda - vocals\nM. Ward - vocals\n\n\n== Notes ==\"Sinkin' Soon\" is a song written by Norah Jones and Lee Alexander, and is the second single from Jones's third solo album, Not Too Late (2007). It was released in the United States on March 26, 2007 (see 2007 in music).\nAlexander wrote most of the song, with Jones composing the bridge. According to Jones, they couldn't play the whole song before they recorded it, so they went out for dinner and drank beer. \"I guess we needed a little bit of that drunken sailor vibe because we came back\"Sinkin' Soon\" is a song written by Norah Jones and Lee Alexander, and is the second single from Jones's third solo album, \"Not Too Late\" (2007). It was released in the United States on March 26, 2007 (see 2007 in music).\"Sinkin\"Sinkin' Soon\" is a song written by Norah Jones and Lee Alexander, and is the second single from Jones's third solo album, \"Not Too Late\" (2007). It was released in the United States on March 26, 2007 (see 2007 in music). most of the song, with Jones composing the bridge. According to Jones, they couldn't play the whole song before they recorded it, so they went out for dinner and drank beer. \"I guess we needed a little bit of that drunken sailor vibe because we came back and recorded this on the first take\", Jones said. Jones's old friend J. Walter Hawkes contributed a trombone solo, and M. Ward performed backing vocals.\n\n\n== Music video ==\n\nThe music video was filmed in November 2006 and directed by Ace Norton, who directed the video for Jones's previous single, \"Thinking About You\". It was shot in one day at an industrial strip south of", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)", "paragraph_text": ", 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\".``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)ah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah``Turn Me On ''Single by Norah Jones from the album First Sessions / Come Away with Me Released 2003 Format CD single Recorded 2002 Genre Jazz, pop Length 2: 34 Label Blue Note Songwriter (s) John D. Loudermilk Producer (s) Lee Alexander, Norah Jones Norah Jones singles chronology`` Come Away with Me'' (2003) ``Turn Me On ''(2003)`` Sunrise'' (2004) ``Come Away with Me ''(2003)`` Turn Me On'' (2004) ``Sunrise ''(2004)\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone. Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003. The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition. It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song \"Bird on the Wire\".\n\n\n== Norah Jones version ==\nJones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album. This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack.\n\n\n=== Charts ===\n\n\n=== Certifications ===\n\n\n== Release history ==\n\n\n== References ==\"Turn Me On\" is a song by John D. Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single \"Lonely Island\". Other notable versions are by N", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which author is responsible for the song Turn Me On, also known for performing Sinkin' Soon?	[ { "id": 284789, "question": "Sinkin' Soon >> performer", "answer": "Norah Jones", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 52835, "question": "who wrote turn me on by #1", "answer": "John D. Loudermilk", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]	John D. Loudermilk	[]	true	Who wrote Turn Me On by the performer who also did Sinkin' Soon?
4hop3__193820_466199_695123_72134	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "WIZE", "paragraph_text": " AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield.Wise is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:\n\nAnna Wise (born 1991), American singer\nAudrey Wise (1935–2000), United Kingdom politician\nBernhard Wise (1858–1916), Australian politician\nBob Wise (born 1948), American politician\nBrownie Wise (1913–1992), American saleswoman who developed \"party plan\" marketing\nChristopher Wise (born 1961), American author\nCody Wise, American singer\nDaniel Wise (disambiguation), several people, including\nDaniel Wise (American football) (bornWIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Springfield, Illinois", "paragraph_text": "Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).–council form of government and governs the Capital Township. Public schools in Springfield are operated by District No.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Brantley York", "paragraph_text": " that would become Duke University, Union Institute Academy in Randolph County, North Carolina. Overall, York founded six schools.RRichard Brantley York (January 3, 1805 – October 7, 1891) was a Methodist minister and educator best known for founding and serving as president of the institution that would become Duke University, Union Institute Academy in Randolph County, North Carolina. Overall, York founded six schools.== Early life and education ==\nYork was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, as the seventh of nine children toRichard Brantley York (January 3, 1805 – October 7, 1891) was a Methodist minister and educator best known for founding and serving as president of the institution that would become Duke University, Union Institute Academy in Randolph County, North Carolina. Overall, York founded six schools.Richard Brantley York (January 3, 1805 – October 7, 1891) was a Methodist minister and educator best known for founding and serving as president of the institution that would become Duke University, Union Institute Academy in Randolph County, North Carolina. Overall, York founded six schools.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nYork was born in Randolph County, North Carolina, as the seventh of nine children to Eli and Susanah Harden York. While his father worked as a distiller and miner, his employment was unstable and the family often relied on income earned by Brantley and his siblings as hired hands. York had little formal education, only attending school for thirteen months over a ten-year period. His education was largely self-taught through the library at Ebenezer Church, where he was also introduced to the Methodist religion and converted in 1823.\n\n\n== Educator ==\nYork began teaching at Bethlehem Church in Guilford County, North Carolina in 1831 and received a license to preach there in 1833. He was", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Randolph County, Illinois", "paragraph_text": " first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. George Rogers Clark of the army of Virginia captured the area from the British on July 4, 1778, near the end of the Revolutionary War. The area then became the seat, for several years, of Illinois County, Virginia, although the Congress of the Confederation legislated the existence of the Northwest Territory on July 13, 1787. Edmund Randolph was Governor of Virginia at the time Virginia ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States. In 1809, when Illinois became a separate territory, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope, in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing Randolph as one of the Illinois' two original counties. The county's boundaries were last changed in 1827, when land was taken to form Perry County.\nThe Mississippi River has played a prominent role in the county's history, altering its boundaries in 1881 when it severedOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.ROwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital. Chester.\nOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. George Rogers Clark of the army of Virginia captured the area from the British on July 4, 1778, near the end of the Revolutionary War. The area then became the seat, for several years, of Illinois County, Virginia, although the Congress of the Confederation legislated the existence of the Northwest Territory on July 13, 1787. Edmund Randolph was Governor of Virginia at the time Virginia ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States. In 1809, when Illinois became a separate territory, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope, in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing Randolph as one of the Illinois' two original counties. The county's boundaries were last changed in 1827, when land was taken to form Perry County.\nThe Mississippi River has played a prominent role in the county's history, altering its boundaries in 1881 when it severedOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.Randolph County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 30,163. Its county seat is Chester.\nOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. George Rogers Clark of the army of Virginia captured the area from the British on July 4, 1778, near the end of the Revolutionary War. The area then became the seat, for several years, of Illinois County, Virginia, although the Congress of the Confederation legislated the existence of the Northwest Territory on July 13, 1787. Edmund Randolph was Governor of Virginia at the time Virginia ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States. In 1809, when Illinois became a separate territory, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope, in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing Randolph as one of the Illinois' two original counties. The county's boundaries were last changed in 1827, when land was taken to form Perry County.\nThe Mississippi River has played a prominent role in the county's", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the municipality where WIZE holds its license become the state capital of the state where Brantley York's birth took place?	[ { "id": 193820, "question": "Brantley York >> place of birth", "answer": "Randolph County", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 466199, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Illinois", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 695123, "question": "WIZE >> licensed to broadcast to", "answer": "Springfield", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 72134, "question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2", "answer": "1839", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	1839	[]	true	When did the town WIZE is licensed in become capitol of the state where Brantley York was born?
3hop1__157177_625046_613900	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "I-35W Mississippi River bridge", "paragraph_text": "ert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and the north abutment was northwest of the University of Minnesota East Bank campus. The bridge was the southeastern boundary of the \"Mississippi Mile\" downtown riverfront parkland. Downstream is the 10th Avenue Bridge, once known as the Cedar Avenue Bridge. Immediately upstream is the Saint Anthony Falls lower lock and dam. The first bridge upstream is the historic Stone Arch Bridge, built for the Great Northern Railway and now used for bicycle and pedestrian traffic.\nThe north foundation pier of the bridge was near a hydroelectric plant that was razed in 1988. The south abutment was in an area polluted by a coal gas processing plant and a facility for storing and processing petroleum products. These uses effectively created a toxic waste site under the bridge, leading to a lawsuit and the removal of the contaminated soil. No relationship has been claimed between these previous uses and the bridge failure.\n\n\n== Design and construction ==\n\nThe bridge, officially designated \"Bridge 9340\", was designed by Sverdrup & Parcel to 1961 AASHTO (American Association of State Highway Officials, now American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) standard specifications. The construction contracts, worth in total more than $5.2 million at the time, were initially offered to HurCon Inc. and Industrial Construction Company. HurCon expressed concern about the project, reporting that one portion of the bridge, Pier 6, could not be built as planned. After failed discussions with MnDOT, HurCon backed out of the project altogether.\nConstruction on the bridge began in 1964 and the structure was completed and opened to traffic in 1967 during an era of large-scale projects to build the Twin Cities freeway system. When the bridge fell, it was still the most recent river crossing built on a new site in Minneapolis. After the building boom ebbed during the 1970s, infrastructure management shifted toward inspection and maintenance.\nThe bridge's fourteen spans extended 1,907 feet (581 m) long. The three main spans were of deck truss construction while all but two of the eleven approach spans were steel multi-girder construction, the two exceptions being concrete slab construction. The piers were not built in the navigation channel; instead, the center span of the bridge consisted of a single 458-foot (140 m) steel arched truss over theThe I-35W Mississippi River bridge (officially known as Bridge 9340) was an eight-lane, steel truss arch bridge that carried Interstate 35W across the Saint Anthony Falls of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The bridge opened in 1967 and was Minnesota's third busiest, carrying 140,000 vehicles daily. It had a catastrophic failure during the evening rush hour on August 1, 2007, killing 13 people and injuring 145. The NTSB cited a design flaw as the likely cause of the collapse, noting that a too-thin gusset plate ripped along a line of rivets, and additional weight on the bridge at the time contributed to the catastrophic failure.TheThe I-35W Mississippi River bridge (officially known as Bridge 9340) was an eight-lane, steel truss arch bridge that carried Interstate 35W across the Saint Anthony Falls of the Mississippi River in Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States. The bridge opened in 1967 and was Minnesota's third busiest, carrying 140,000 vehicles daily. It had a catastrophic failure during the evening rush hour on August 1, 2007, killing 13 people and injuring 145. The NTSB cited a design flaw as the likely cause of the collapse, noting that a too-thin gusset plate ripped along a line of rivets, and additional weight on the bridge at the time contributed to the catastrophic failure.. Additional weight on the bridge at the time of failure was also cited by the NTSB as a contributing factor.\nHelp came immediately from mutual aid in the seven-county Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area and emergency response personnel, charities, and volunteers. Within a few days of the collapse, the Minnesota Department of Transportation (MnDOT) planned its replacement with the I-35W Saint Anthony Falls Bridge. The construction of the replacement bridge was completed quickly, and the new bridge officially opened on September 18, 2008.\n\n\n== Location and site history ==\n\nThe bridge was located in Minneapolis, Minnesota's largest city, and connected the neighborhoods of Downtown East and Marcy-Holmes. The south abutment was northeast of the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and the north abutment was northwest of the University of Minnesota East Bank campus. The bridge was the southeastern boundary of the \"Mississippi Mile\" downtown riverfront parkland. Downstream is the 10th Avenue Bridge, once known as the Cedar Avenue Bridge. Immediately upstream is the Saint Anthony Falls lower lock and dam. The first bridge upstream is the historic Stone Arch Bridge, built for the Great", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Minneapolis, Kansas", "paragraph_text": "1, after Minneapolis, Minnesota. The railroad was built through Minneapolis in 1878.\nMinneapolis had its own minor league baseball team called the Minnies in 1905, then from 1908 to 1909, and again in 1912, alternately as part of the Kansas State League or Central Kansas League.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.76 square miles (4.56 km2), all of it land.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nMinneapolis is part of the Salina Micropolitan Statistical Area.\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\nThe 2020 United States census counted 1,946 people, 785 households, and 473 families in Minneapolis. The population density was 1,061.6 per square mile (409.9/km2). There were 905 housing units at an average density of 493.7 per square mile (190.6/km2).Minneapolis is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,032.MinMinneapolis is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,032.,946.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe community was originally called Markley's Mills, and under the latter name was laid out in 1866. It was renamed Minneapolis about 1871, after Minneapolis, Minnesota. The railroad was built through Minneapolis in 1878.\nMinneapolis had its own minor league baseball team called the Minnies in 1905, then from 1908 to 1909, and again in 1912, alternately as part of the Kansas State League or Central Kansas League.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.76 square miles (4.56 km2), all of it land.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\nMinneapolis is part of the Salina Micropolitan Statistical Area.\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\nThe 2020 United States census counted 1,946 people, 785 households, and 473 families in Minneapolis. The population density was 1,061.6 per square mile (409.9/km2). There were 905 housing units at an average density of 493.7 per square mile (190.6/km2).Minneapolis is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 2,032.Minneapolis is a city in and the county seat of Ottawa County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Merchants Bridge", "paragraph_text": " on an extensive renovation of the bridge projected to cost $172 million. In September 2022 the Terminal Railroad completed the large reconstruction project, doubling the bridge's capacity from roughly 32 trains per day to 70 trains per day. Prior to the reconstruction, only one train, traveling at 5 miles per hour, could cross the bridge at a time. Following the renovation, two trains could pass each other simultaneously on the bridge at up to 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) in speed. In addition, the bridge can now handle a 15 ft train width (4.6 m), an increase from about 13.5 ft (4.1 m), and can support a railcar weight capacity of 315,000 lb (143,000 kg), an increase from 286,000 lb (130,000 kg). The final cost of the project was $222 million.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of crossings of the Upper Mississippi River\n\n\n== References ==The Merchants Bridge, officially the Merchants Memorial Mississippi Rail Bridge, is a rail bridge crossing the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri, and Venice, Illinois. The bridge is owned by the Terminal RailroadThe Merchants Bridge, officially the Merchants Memorial Mississippi Rail Bridge, is a rail bridge crossing the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri, and Venice, Illinois. The bridge is owned by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. It opened in May 1889 and crossed the river north of the Eads Bridge.TheThe Merchants Bridge, officially the Merchants Memorial Mississippi Rail Bridge, is a rail bridge crossing the Mississippi River between St. Louis, Missouri, and Venice, Illinois. The bridge is owned by the Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis. It opened in May 1889 and crossed the river north of the Eads Bridge. north of the Eads Bridge.\nThe bridge was originally built by the St. Louis Merchants Exchange after it lost control of the Eads Bridge it had built to the Terminal Railroad. The Exchange feared a Terminal Railroad monopoly on the bridges but it would eventually lose control of the Merchants Bridge also.\nIn 2018 work began on an extensive renovation of the bridge projected to cost $172 million. In September 2022 the Terminal Railroad completed the large reconstruction project, doubling the bridge's capacity from roughly 32 trains per day to 70 trains per day. Prior to the reconstruction, only one train, traveling at 5 miles per hour, could cross the bridge at a time. Following the renovation, two trains could pass each other simultaneously on the bridge at up to 20 miles per hour (32 km/h) in speed. In addition, the bridge can now handle a 15 ft train width (4.6 m), an increase from about 13.5 ft (4.1 m), and can support a railcar weight capacity of 315", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which county has its capital in the city that the river running under the Merchants Bridge flows through?	[ { "id": 157177, "question": "What does Merchants Bridge cross over?", "answer": "Mississippi River", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 625046, "question": "I-35W #1 bridge >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Minneapolis", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 613900, "question": "#2 >> capital of", "answer": "Ottawa County", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	Ottawa County	[ "Ottawa County, Kansas" ]	true	The city where the river that Merchants Bridge crosses over is the capital of which county?
2hop__748182_78303	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Top Dog (1995 film)", "paragraph_text": " fights with the terrorists and eventually discover enough clues to foil the attack. The film is set in San Diego and was largely filmed there.\nThe film received mainly negative reviews, and its box office was negatively impacted by the timing of its release, only 9 days after the Oklahoma City bombing.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe film opens as two white nationalists destroy an apartment complex in which most of the residents are minorities. Veteran police officer, Sgt. Lou Swanson, and his police dog, Reno, investigate the crime and realize the explosives are military in style. Their investigation takes them to the harbor, where they find a ship loaded with weapons. They are discovered and shot. Lou dies, but Reno survives.\nMaverick cop Jake Wilder, is called by police captain Ken Callahan, who requests Jake to take over the case. Jake is angered that he has to work with Reno, despite Reno provingTop Dog is a 1995 buddy cop action comedy film directed by Aaron Norris and starring Chuck Norris. Written by Aaron Norris and Tim Grayem, it was Norris' last film to release theatrically before he shifted to direct-to-video films for several years.TopTop Dog is a 1995 buddy cop action comedy film directed by Aaron Norris and starring Chuck Norris. Written by Aaron Norris and Tim Grayem, it was Norris' last film to release theatrically before he shifted to direct-to-video films for several years.In the film, Norris' character, Jake Wilder, is partnered with Reno, a police dog, whose handler was killed. Jake and Reno investigate a plot by domestic terrorists to attack a conference on unity. Jake and Reno survive assassination attempts and several hand-to-hand fights with the terrorists and eventually discover enough clues to foil the attack. The film is set in San Diego and was largely filmed there.\nThe film received mainly negative reviews, and its box office was negatively impacted by the timing of its release, only 9 days after the Oklahoma City bombing.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe film opens as two white nationalists destroy an apartment complex in which most of the residents are minorities. Veteran police officer, Sgt. Lou Swanson, and his police dog, Reno, investigate the crime and realize the explosives are military in style. Their investigation takes them to the harbor, where they find a ship loaded with weapons. They are discovered and shot. Lou dies, but Reno survives.\nMaverick cop Jake Wilder, is called by police captain Ken Callahan, who requests Jake to take over the case. Jake is angered that he has to work with Reno, despite Reno provingTop Dog is a 1995 buddy cop action comedy film directed by Aaron Norris and starring Chuck Norris. Written by Aaron Norris and Tim Grayem, it was Norris' last film to release theatrically before he shifted to direct-to-video films for several years.Top Dog is a 1995 buddy cop action comedy film directed by Aaron Norris and starring Chuck Norris. Written by Aaron Norris and Tim Grayem, it was Norris' last film to release theatrically before he shifted to direct-to-video films for several years.\nIn the film, Norris' character, Jake Wilder, is partnered with Reno, a police dog, whose handler was killed. Jake and Reno investigate a plot by domestic terrorists to attack a conference on unity. Jake and Reno survive assassination attempts and several hand-to-hand fights with the terrorists and eventually discover enough clues to foil the attack. The film is set in San Diego and was largely filmed there.\nThe film received mainly negative reviews, and its box office was negatively impacted by the timing of its release, only 9 days after the Oklahoma City bombing.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe film opens as two white nationalists destroy an apartment complex in which most of the residents are minorities. Veteran police officer, Sgt. Lou Swanson, and his police dog, Reno, investigate the crime and realize the explosives are military in style. Their investigation takes them to the harbor, where they find a ship loaded with weapons. They are discovered and shot. Lou dies, but Reno survives.\nMaverick cop Jake Wilder,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Walker, Texas Ranger", "paragraph_text": "ise ==\nThe show was initially developed by executive producer Allison Moore and supervising producer J. Michael Straczynski when the series was still being produced by Cannon Television. While Straczynski had to depart to get his new series Babylon 5 on the air, executive producer David Moessinger remained to finish developing the series. The show is centered on Sergeant Cordell Walker (Norris), a Dallas–Fort Worth–based member of the Texas Rangers, a state-level bureau of investigation. Walker was raised by his paternal uncle, an American Indian named Ray Firewalker (Floyd Red Crow Westerman, pilot episode, season 1; Apesanahkwat, season 2). The surname being, possibly, a nod to the 1986 Norris film, Firewalker. Cordell, prior to joining the Rangers, served in the Marines' elite Recon unit during the Vietnam War. Both Cordell and Uncle Ray share the values characteristic of Wild West sheriffs.\nHis partner and best friend is James \"Jimmy\" Trivette (Clarence Gilyard), a former Dallas Cowboys player, \"Go Long Trivette\", who takes a more modern approach. Walker's young partner grew up in Baltimore and used football as his ticket to college education. He was dropped from the team after he tore up his shoulder in a major game, which led to his career in the Rangers (often making references to watching the Lone Ranger and how C.D. Parker mentored him as a rookie officer). Trivette also works inside the office using computers and cellular phones to collate information of the people who have been taken into custody.\nWalker also works closely with (and shares a mutual attraction to) Alexandra \"Alex\" Cahill (Sheree J. Wilson), a Tarrant County Assistant District Attorney, who on occasion puts up a frown if Walker does not obtain results in time. He also gets advice on cases from C.D. Parker (Gailard Sartain, pilot season; Noble Willingham, seasons 1Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger MainName Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger Main 2005 television film entitled Trial by Fire. The film ended on a cliffhanger, which was never resolved. DVD sets of all seasons have been released (with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season). At various times since 1997, reruns of the show have aired, in syndication, on the USA Network and Action in Canada.\nThe series was noted for its moralistic style. The characters refrained from the use of drugs and participated in community service. Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement, and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe show was initially developed by executive producer Allison Moore and supervising producer J. Michael Straczynski when the series was still being produced by Cannon Television. While Straczynski had to depart to get his new series Babylon 5 on the air, executive producer David Moessinger remained to finish developing the series. The show is centered on Sergeant Cordell Walker (Norris), a Dallas–Fort Worth–based member of the Texas Rangers, a state-level bureau of investigation. Walker was raised by his paternal uncle, an American Indian named Ray Firewalker (Floyd Red Crow Westerman, pilot episode, season 1; Apesanahkwat, season 2). The surname being, possibly, a nod to the 1986 Norris film, Firewalker. Cordell, prior to joining the Rangers, served in the Marines' elite Recon unit during the Vietnam War. Both Cordell and Uncle Ray share the values characteristic of Wild West sheriffs.\nHis partner and best friend is James \"Jimmy\" Trivette (Clarence Gilyard), a former Dallas Cowboys player, \"Go Long Trivette\", who takes a more modern approach. Walker's young partner grew up in Baltimore and used football as his ticket to college education. He was dropped from the team after he tore up his shoulder in a major game, which led to his career in the Rangers (often making references to watching the Lone Ranger and how C.D. Parker mentored him as a rookie officer). Trivette also works inside the office using computers and cellular phones to collate information of the people who have been taken into custody.\nWalker also works closely with (and shares a mutual attraction to) Alexandra \"Alex\" Cahill (Sheree J. Wilson), a Tarrant County Assistant District Attorney, who on occasion puts up a frown if Walker does not obtain results in time. He also gets advice on cases from C.D. Parker (Gailard Sartain, pilot season; Noble Willingham, seasons 1Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who was a cast member from Top Dog in the series Walker, Texas Ranger?	[ { "id": 748182, "question": "Top Dog >> cast member", "answer": "Chuck Norris", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 78303, "question": "what was #1 name in walker texas ranger", "answer": "Cordell Walker", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	Cordell Walker	[]	true	What was the name of one of Top Dog's cast members in the Walker, Texas Ranger?
4hop1__115977_582428_157828_162309	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "Yugoslavia at the Olympics", "paragraph_text": " Zagreb in 1919 (recognized by the IOC in 1920), before moving to Belgrade in 1927, and it took the place of the Serbian Olympic Committee in the Association of National Olympic Committees. During the dissolution of Yugoslavia, several new committees were formed in the break-away countries. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, consisting of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, participated at the Games since 1996. At the 1996 and 2000 Games, the nation was designated with the same code, Yugoslavia (YUG), as the defunct SFRY. It was rechartered as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 with there being no territorial changes. The Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) designation and code were used at the 2004 Games.\n\n\n== Hosted Games ==\nYugoslavia has hosted the Games on one occasion.\n\n\n== Medal tables ==\n\nRed border colour indicates the games were held on home soil.\nYugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\n\n\n== List of medalists ==\n\n\n=== Summer Olympics ===\n\nAs Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\n\nAs Independent Olympic Participants\n\n\n=== Winter Olympics ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of flag bearers for Yugoslavia at the Olympics\nCategory:Olympic competitors for Yugoslavia\nYugoslavia at the Paralympics\nList of Yugoslav Olympic medalists\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Olympic Results\". International Olympic Committee.\n\"Yugoslavia\". Olympedia.com.\n\"Olympic Analytics/YUG\". olympanalyt.com.Teams from Yugoslavia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1920. Previously, several athletes from Croatia, Slovenia and northern Serbian province Vojvodina had competed for Austria or Hungary when those countries were part of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. A small team of two athletes had competed distinctly for Serbia at the 1912 Summer Olympics.\nYugoslavia has been the designation for Olympic teams from three distinct national entities:\n\nKingdom of Yugoslavia (officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) from 1920 to 1936\nSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1948 to the 1992 Winter Olympics\nFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992 to 2002 (due to UNFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.TeFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics. and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992 to 2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)\nTwo of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor nations, former socialist republics, have participated independently. Kosovo, a former autonomous province, made its Olympic debut as an independent national team at the 2016 Summer Olympics.\n\n\n== Timeline of participation ==\nThe Yugoslav Olympic Committee was established in Zagreb in 1919 (recognized by the IOC in 1920), before moving to Belgrade in 1927, and it took the place of the Serbian Olympic Committee in the Association of National Olympic Committees. During the dissolution of Yugoslavia, several new committees were formed in the break-away countries. The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, consisting of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, participated at the Games since 1996. At the 1996 and 2000 Games, the nation was designated with the same code, Yugoslavia (YUG), as the defunct SFRY. It was rechartered as the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro in 2003 with there being no territorial changes. The Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) designation and code were used at the 2004 Games.\n\n\n== Hosted Games ==\nYugoslavia has hosted the Games on one occasion.\n\n\n== Medal tables ==\n\nRed border colour indicates the games were held on home soil.\nYugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, now part of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\n\n\n== List of medalists ==\n\n\n=== Summer Olympics ===\n\nAs Federal Republic of Yugoslavia\n\nAs Independent Olympic Participants\n\n\n=== Winter Olympics ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of flag bearers for Yugoslavia at the Olympics\nCategory:Olympic competitors for Yugoslavia\nYugoslavia at the Paralympics\nList of Yugoslav Olympic medalists\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Olympic Results\". International Olympic Committee.\n\"Yugoslavia\". Olympedia.com.\n\"Olympic Analytics/YUG\". olympanalyt.com.Teams from Yugoslavia first participated at the Olympic Games in 1920. Previously, several athletes from Croatia, Slovenia and northern Serbian province Vojvodina had competed for Austria or Hungary when those countries were part of the Empire of Austria-Hungary. A small team of two athletes had competed distinctly for Serbia at the 1912 Summer Olympics.\nYugoslavia has been the designation for Olympic teams from three distinct national entities:\n\nKingdom of Yugoslavia (officially called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) from 1920 to 1936\nSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1948 to the 1992 Winter Olympics\nFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992 to 2002 (due to UNFederal Republic of Yugoslavia, formed as a joint state by only Montenegro and Serbia after the breakup of Yugoslavia, from 1992–2002 (due to UN ban allowed to compete as Independent Olympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics and was not allowed to compete at 1994 Winter Olympics)Two of the successor nations (Croatia and Slovenia) began to compete as independent teams at the Olympics starting at the 1992 Winter Games and Bosnia and Herzegovina at the 1992 Summer Games and as of the 2008 Summer Olympics, all six successor", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Serbian language", "paragraph_text": " Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr��pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian.\nSerbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian (latinica) was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSerbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a Slavic language (Indo-European), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian, Croatian, and Montenegrin. \"An examination of all the major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system.\" It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian, than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian).\n\n\n== Geographic distribution ==\nSpeakers by country:\n\nSerbia: 6,540,699 (official language)\nBosnia and Herzegovina: 1,086,027 (co-official language)\nGermany: 568,240\nAustria: 350,000\nMontenegro: 265,890 (language in official use)\nSwitzerland: 186,000\nUnited States: 172,874\nSweden: 120,000\nItaly: 106,498\nKosovo: est. 70.000–100.000 (co-official language)\nCanada: 72,690\nAustralia: 55,114\nCroatia: 52,879 (recognized minority language)\nSlovenia: 38,964\nNorth Macedonia: 24,773 (recognized minority language)\nRomania: 22,518 (recognized minority language)\n\n\n=== Status in Montenegro ===\nSerbian was the official language of Montenegro until October 2007, when the new Constitution of Montenegro replaced the Constitution of 1992. Amid opposition from pro-Serbian partiesSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Aleksandar Petrović (film director)", "paragraph_text": "Aleksandar \"Saša\" Petrović (14 January 1929 – 20 August 1994) was a French-born acclaimed Serbian and Yugoslav film director who was one of the leading European directors in the 1960s and one of the major figures of the Yugoslav Black Wave. Two of his films were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film: \"Three\" in 1966 and \"I Even Met Happy Gypsies\" (\"Feather Gatherers\") in 1967. The latter (original title \"Skupljaci perja\") was the first movie that presented the existence of Gypsies in society and everyday life; it was also the first full-feature film where Gypsies spoke their own language, Roma. Most roles were interpreted by real Gypsies; this was their movie. \"As a child, I observed them and saw in these people faith and irrationality,\" said Petrović \"I Even Met Happy Gypsies\" won the FIPRESCI Prize and the Grand Prize of the Jury at the Cannes Film Festival; it also received a nomination for a Golden Globe. In 1967 Petrović was a member of the jury at the 17th Berlin International Film Festival.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "And Love Has Vanished", "paragraph_text": "And Love Has Vanished () is a 1961 Yugoslavian drama film directed by Aleksandar Petrović. It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival.And Love Has Vanished () is a 1961 Yugoslavian drama film directed by Aleksandar Petrović. It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival.And Love Has Vanished () is a 1961 Yugoslavian drama film directed by Aleksandar Petrović. It was entered into the 1962 Cannes Film Festival.And Love Has Vanished () is a 1961 Yugoslavian drama film directed by Aleksandar Petrović. It was entered into", "is_supporting": true } ]	When was the first time the nation, whose secondary official language the director of "And Love Has Vanished" used, participated in the Olympic Games as a sole team?	[ { "id": 115977, "question": "The director of And Love Has Vanished is who?", "answer": "Aleksandar Petrović", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 582428, "question": "#1 >> languages spoken, written or signed", "answer": "Serbian", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 157828, "question": "#2 is the co-official language of what country?", "answer": "Kosovo", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 162309, "question": "When did #3 first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?", "answer": "2016", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]	2016	[]	true	When did the country whose co-official language was used by the director of And Love Has Vanished first attend the Olympics games as an independent team?
2hop__131951_643670	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Rotterdam Centrum", "paragraph_text": "oot), with the Beurs-World Trade Center\nLijnbaan\nCoolsingel with the city hall and Hofplein\nErasmusbrug\nWillemsbrRotterdam Centrum is bounded by the emplacement of the Rotterdam Centraal railway station and the Goudsesingel in the North, the Tunneltraverse of the Henegouwerlaan and 's-Gravendijkwal in the West, the Nieuwe Maas River in the South and the Oostplein in the East.RRotterdam Centrum is bounded by the emplacement of the Rotterdam Centraal railway station and the Goudsesingel in the North, the Tunneltraverse of the Henegouwerlaan and 's-Gravendijkwal in the West, the Nieuwe Maas River in the South and the Oostplein in the East.ingel in the North, the Tunneltraverse of the Henegouwerlaan and 's-Gravendijkwal in the West, the Nieuwe Maas River in the South and the Oostplein in the East.\n\n\n== Landmarks ==\nSome landmarks include:\n\nMarket Hall\nEuromast\nBeurstraverse (Koopgoot), with the Beurs-World Trade Center\nLijnbaan\nCoolsingel with the city hall and Hofplein\nErasmusbrug\nWillemsbrRotterdam Centrum is bounded by the emplacement of the Rotterdam Centraal railway station and the Goudsesingel in the North, the Tunneltraverse of the Henegouwerlaan and 's-Gravendijkwal in the West, the Nieuwe Maas River in the South and the Oostplein in the East.Rotterdam Centrum (English: Rotterdam Center/ Center of Rotterdam) is a borough of Rotterdam. It was established on March 3, 2010. The center has 33,983 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017).\nRotterdam Centrum is bounded by the emplacement of the Rotterdam Centraal railway station and the Goudsesingel in the North, the Tunneltraverse of the Henegouwerlaan and 's-Gravendijkwal in the West, the Nieuwe Maas River in the South and the Oostplein in the East.\n\n\n== Landmarks ==\nSome landmarks include:\n\nMarket Hall\nEuromast\nBeurstraverse (Koopgoot), with the Beurs-World Trade Center\nLijnbaan\nCoolsingel with the city hall and Hofplein\nErasmusbrug\nWillemsbrug\nVarious stations of the Rotterdam Metro\nGrote of Sint-Laurenskerk\nLibrary Rotterdam\nCube houses\nThe Schielandshuis\n\n\n== Neighborhoods ==\nThe division into neighborhoods is as follows:\n\nOude Westen\nStadsdriehoek\nCool\nC.S. kwartier\nNieuwe Werk (Scheepvaartkwartier)\nDijkzigt\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial siteRotterdam Centrum (English: Rotterdam Center/ Center of Rotterdam) is a borough of Rotterdam. It was established on March 3, 2010. The center has 33,983 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2017).\nRotterdam Centrum is bounded by the emplacement of the Rotterdam Centraal railway station and the Goudsesingel in the North, the Tunneltraverse of the Henegouwerlaan and 's-Gravendijkwal in the West, the Nieuwe Maas River in the South and the Oostplein in the East.\n\n\n== Landmarks ==\nSome landmarks include:\n\nMarket Hall\nEuromast\nBeurstraverse (Koopgoot), with the Beurs-World Trade Center\nLijnbaan\nCoolsingel with the city hall and Hofplein\nErasmusbrug\nWillemsbrug\nVarious stations of the Rotterdam Metro\nGrote of Sint-Laurenskerk\nLibrary Rotterdam\nCube houses\nThe Schielandshuis\n\n\n== Neighborhoods ==\nThe division into neighborhoods is as follows:\n\nOude Westen\nStadsdriehoek\nCool\nC.S. kwartier\nNieuwe Werk (Scheepvaartkwartier)\nDijkzigt\n\n\n== References", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Het Scheur", "paragraph_text": " was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ��sxø��r]; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and curved south a few kilometres past Maassluis to join the Nieuwe Maas again in the Maasmond (\"Mouth of Meuse\") estuary near Den Briel. When the Nieuwe Waterweg was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ��sxø��r]; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and curved south a few kilometres past Maassluis to join the Nieuwe Maas again in the Maasmond (\"Mouth of Meuse\") estuary near Den Briel. When the Nieuwe Waterweg was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ��sxø��r]; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and curved south a few kilometres past Maassluis to join the Nieuwe Maas again in the Maasmond (\"Mouth of Meuse\") estuary near Den Briel. When the Nieuwe Waterweg was completed in 1872, the Scheur was dammed off and connected to the east end of the Nieuwe Waterweg to form the new channelized main mouth of the Rhine-Meuse delta.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət �Het Scheur (; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.The Scheur (Dutch pronunciation: [ət Het Scheur (; Dutch for \"The Rip\") is a branch of the Rhine-Meuse delta in South Holland, Netherlands, that flows west from the confluence of the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas branches past the towns of Rozenburg and Maassluis. It continues as the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea. the Nieuwe Waterweg (New Waterway) to the North Sea.\nOriginally, the Scheur was the northern branch of the river around Rozenburg island and", "is_supporting": true } ]	What's the name given to the mouth of the body of water leading into Rotterdam Centrum?	[ { "id": 131951, "question": "Which is the body of water by Rotterdam Centrum?", "answer": "Nieuwe Maas", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 643670, "question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse", "answer": "Het Scheur", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]	Het Scheur	[]	true	What is the name for the mouth of the watercourse of the body of water by Rotterdam Centrum?
4hop1__310029_153080_159767_81096	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle,After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland", "paragraph_text": " John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ musicJazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits and a subsequent edition titled Wonderland.JJazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits and a subsequent edition titled Wonderland. and a subsequent edition was titled Wonderland, leading to the combined title of Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nBoth \"Alice's Wonderland\" and \"Nostalgia in Times Square\" were originally written for the 1959 John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ musicJazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits and a subsequent edition titled Wonderland.Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus, recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label in September of that year. The original release was titled Jazz Portraits, and a subsequent edition was titled Wonderland, leading to the combined title of Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland.\n\n\n== Composition ==\nBoth \"Alice's Wonderland\" and \"Nostalgia in Times Square\" were originally written for the 1959 John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ music was almost entirely replaced for the final version of the film. A partial reconstruction of the soundtrack was released in 2015 as the compilation album Shadows.\nA reworked version of \"Nostalgia in Times Square,\" with vocals by Honi Gordon, was recorded during Mingus' 1959 Mingus Dynasty sessions and included on reissues of that album as a bonus track titled \"Strollin'\".\nThough never a major part of Mingus’ repertoire, \"Nostalgia in Times Square\" has since become a jazz standard, widely performed and recorded by other musicians. Notably, jazz fusion trio Medeski Martin & Wood have long performed the song, usually as part of a medley with Sun Ra’s “Angel Race.”\n\n\n== Reception ==\nThe AllMusic review by Scott Yanow called the music \"advanced bop that looks toward the upcoming innovations of the avant-garde and is frequently quite exciting\". \n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except as indicated\n\"Nostalgia in Times Square\" – 12:18\n", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in the Charles Mingus High School Competition. In 1993, the Library of Congress acquired Mingus's collected papers—including scores, sound recordings, correspondence and photos—in what they described as \"the most important acquisition of a manuscript collection relating to jazz in the Library's history\".\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life and career ===\nCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus Jr. was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles.\nMingus's ethnic background was complex. His ancestry included German American, African American, and Native American heritage. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African American from the southern United States. Mingus was the great-great-great-grandson of his family's founding patriarch who, by most accounts, was a German immigrant. In Mingus's autobiography Beneath the Underdog, his mother was described as \"the daughter of an English/Chinese man and a South-American woman\", and his father was the son \"of a black farm worker and a Swedish woman\".Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Arizona", "paragraph_text": " fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Arizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because ofArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which competitor was victorious in the Indy Car Race held in the most populous city and seat of government in the state that is the birthplace of the artist who produced Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland?	[ { "id": 310029, "question": "Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland >> performer", "answer": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 153080, "question": "What city is #1 from?", "answer": "Arizona", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 159767, "question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?", "answer": "Phoenix", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 81096, "question": "who won the indy car race in #3", "answer": "Mario Andretti", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	Mario Andretti	[]	true	Who won the Indy Car Race in the largest city and capital of the state where the performer of Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is from?
2hop__152052_141308	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "Apple Records", "paragraph_text": " were contracted to EMI. In a new distribution deal, EMI and its US subsidiary Capitol Records agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1976, while EMI retained ownership of their recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, while US issues carried Capitol catalogue numbers. Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles' videos and movie clips, and the rights to recordings of other artists signed to the label. The first catalogue number Apple 1 was a single pressing of Frank Sinatra singing \"Maureen Is a Champ\" (with lyrics by Sammy Cahn) to the melody of \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" as a surprise gift for the 21st birthday of Ringo Starr's wife Maureen.\nApple Records and Apple Publishing signed a number of acts whom the Beatles personally discovered or supported, and one or more of the Beatles would be involved in the recording sessions in most cases. Several notable artists were signed in the first year, including James Taylor, Mary Hopkin, Billy Preston, the Modern Jazz Quartet, the Iveys (who became Badfinger), Doris Troy, and former Liverpool singer Jackie Lomax who recorded George Harrison's \"Sour Milk Sea\".\n\n\n=== 1969–1973: Klein era ===\nIn 1969, the Beatles were in need of financial and managerial direction, and John Lennon was approached by Allen Klein, manager of The Rolling Stones. When Klein went on to manage Apple, three of the Beatles supported him with Paul McCartney being the only group member opposed to his involvement. McCartney had suggested his father-in-law Lee Eastman for the job.\nKlein took control of Apple and shut down several sub-divisions, including Apple Electronics, and he dropped some of Apple Records' artistic roster. New signings to the label were not so numerous afterward and tended to arrive through the individual actions of the former Beatles. For example, Elephant's Memory were recruited through Lennon and Ravi Shankar through Harrison. McCartney had little input into Apple Records' roster after 1970. Klein managed Apple Corps until March 1973, when his contract expired. The Beatles' entire pre-Apple catalogue on the Capitol label was re-issued on the Apple label in May 1971, including the singles from \"I Want to Hold Your Hand\" to \"Lady Madonna\", and the albums from Meet the Beatles! to Magical Mystery Tour. The album covers remained unchanged with the Capitol logos.\n\n\n=== 1973–2007: Aspinall era, Beatles reissues ===\nAfter Klein's departure,Apple Records is a record label founded by the Beatles in 1968 as a division of Apple Corps Ltd. It was initially intended as a creative outlet for the Beatles, both as a group and individually, plus a selection of other artists including Mary Hopkin, James Taylor, Badfinger, and Billy Preston. In practice, the roster had become dominated by the mid-1970s with releases of the former Beatles as solo artists. Allen Klein managed the label from 1969 to 1973, then it was managed by Neil Aspinall on behalf of the Beatles and their heirs. Aspinall retired in 2007 and was replaced by Jeff Jones.== History ==\n\n\n=== 1967–1969: early years ===\n\nApple Corps Ltd was conceived by the Beatles in 1967 after the death of their manager Brian Epstein. It was intended to be a small group of companies (Apple Retail, Apple Publishing, Apple Electronics, and so on) as part of Epstein's plan to create a tax-effective business structure. The first project that the band released after forming the company was their film Magical Mystery Tour, which was produced under the Apple Films division. Apple Records was officially founded by the group after their return from India in 1968 as another sub-division of Apple Corps.\nAt this time, the Beatles were contracted to EMI. In a new distribution deal, EMI and its US subsidiary Capitol Records agreed to distribute Apple Records until 1976, while EMI retained ownership of their recordings. Beatles recordings issued in the United Kingdom on the Apple label carried Parlophone catalogue numbers, while US issues carried Capitol catalogue numbers. Apple Records owns the rights to all of the Beatles' videos and movie clips, and the rights to recordings of other artists signed to the label. The first catalogue number Apple 1 was a single pressing of Frank Sinatra singing \"Maureen Is a Champ\" (with lyrics by Sammy Cahn) to the melody of \"The Lady Is a Tramp\" as a surprise gift for the 21st birthday of Ringo Starr's wife Maureen.\nApple Records and Apple Publishing signed a number of acts whom the Beatles personally discovered or supported, and one or more of the Beatles would be involved in the recording sessions in most", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Don't Let Me Wait Too Long", "paragraph_text": " Paul Simon, but the song did not appear in the broadcast.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAs with all the new songs on his 1973 album Living in the Material World, George Harrison wrote \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" in 1971–72, a period of heightened devotion to Hindu spirituality on his part. \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" is a love song, and in light of problems in Harrison's marriage to Pattie Boyd at the time, Harrison biographer Elliot Huntley remarks: \"it's interesting to speculate as to who it was written about ...\" Author Jeff Walker suggests that the song's apparently non-devotional subject matter may have resulted from Harrison and Boyd's marital difficulties.\n\nAgainst Harrison's wishes, Boyd had resumed her modelling career in May 1971, having long felt isolated by herApple Records released \"Living in the Material World\" on 30 May 1973 in America. \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" was sequenced on side one of the LP, between the ballads \"The Light That Has Lighted the World\" and \"Who Can See It\". The album continued Harrison's run of commercial success following the Beatles' break-up in 1970, topping \"Billboard\"s albums chart in the US and peaking at number 2 in Britain, behind the soundtrack to \"That'll Be the Day\". Amid this success, Rodriguez writes, Harrison and Boyd's relationship \"finally reached breaking point\" in summer 1973, the start of a period through to 1975 that Harrison would describe as his \"naughty\" years.\"Apple Records released \"Living in the Material World\" on 30 May 1973 in America. \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" was sequenced on side one of the LP, between the ballads \"The Light That Has Lighted the World\" and \"Who Can See It\". The album continued Harrison's run of commercial success following the Beatles' break-up in 1970, topping \"Billboard\"s albums chart in the US and peaking at number 2 in Britain, behind the soundtrack to \"That'll Be the Day\". Amid this success, Rodriguez writes, Harrison and Boyd's relationship \"finally reached breaking point\" in summer 1973, the start of a period through to 1975 that Harrison would describe as his \"naughty\" years.. The track is an upbeat love song in the tradition of early 1960s Brill Building songwriters. Its lyrics have invited debate among commentators as to whether Harrison is addressing a lover such as Boyd or, like the majority of his lyrics on Material World, God.\nAlthough produced by Harrison alone, the recording employs aspects of the Wall of Sound production synonymous with his former collaborator Phil Spector – through the use of reverb, two drummers and multiple acoustic rhythm guitar parts. The musicians accompanying Harrison on the track are Gary Wright, Nicky Hopkins, Ringo Starr, Klaus Voormann and Jim Keltner. In November 1976, during the filming of their joint appearance on Saturday Night Live, Harrison performed \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" with singer Paul Simon, but the song did not appear in the broadcast.\n\n\n== Background ==\nAs with all the new songs on his 1973 album Living in the Material World, George Harrison wrote \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" in 1971–72, a period of heightened devotion to Hindu spirituality on his part. \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" is a love song, and in light of problems in Harrison's marriage to Pattie Boyd at the time, Harrison biographer Elliot Huntley remarks: \"it's interesting to speculate as to who it was written about ...\" Author Jeff Walker suggests that the song's apparently non-devotional subject matter may have resulted from Harrison and Boyd's marital difficulties.\n\nAgainst Harrison's wishes, Boyd had resumed her modelling career in May 1971, having long felt isolated by herApple Records released \"Living in the Material World\" on 30 May 1973 in America. \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" was sequenced on side one of the LP, between the ballads \"The Light That Has Lighted the World\" and \"Who Can See It\". The album continued Harrison's run of commercial success following the Beatles' break-up in 1970, topping \"Billboard\"s albums chart in the US and peaking at number 2 in Britain, behind the soundtrack to \"That'll Be the Day\". Amid this success, Rodriguez writes, Harrison and Boyd's relationship \"finally reached breaking point\" in summer 1973, the start of a period through to 1975 that Harrison would describe as his \"naughty\" years.\"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" is a song by English rock musician George Harrison, released on his 1973 album Living in the Material World. It was scheduled to be issued as a single in September that year, as the follow-up to \"Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)\", but the release was cancelled. Music critics have traditionally viewed \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" as a highlight of the Material World album, praising its pop qualities and production, with some considering the song worthy of hit status.\nHarrison wrote and recorded \"Don't Let Me Wait Too Long\" during a period marked by his heightened devotion to Hindu spirituality, which coincided with marital problems with his first wife, Pattie Boyd, and the financial complications affecting his Bangladesh aid project. The track is", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which business entity owns the label that produced the song, Don't Let Me Wait Too Long?	[ { "id": 152052, "question": "What label was responsible for Don't Let Me Wait Too Long?", "answer": "Apple Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 141308, "question": "What company is #1 part of?", "answer": "Apple Corps", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]	Apple Corps	[]	true	What company is the label responsible for Don't Let Me Wait Too Long a part of?
3hop1__222979_40769_64047	[ { "idx": 10, "title": "Scion (automobile)", "paragraph_text": "2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which were exclusive to Toyota Netz Store Japanese dealerships.\n\nScion was marketed as a youth brand and was first introduced in March 2002, at the New York Auto Show. There were just two concept vehicles, the bbX (which became the xB), and the ccX (which became the tC). The 2004 xA and xB were unveiled at the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show on January 2, 2003. They were available only in 105 Toyota dealerships in California at their initial launch on June 9, 2003. The subsequent rollout of the brand to the South, the Southeast, and the East Coast occurred in February 2004. Scion vehicles were available nationwide in June 2004, coinciding with the release of the 2005 tC. On December 16, 2006, Scion unveiled the next-generation xB, based on the t2B concept, and the new xD, successor of the xA, at an invitation-only, no-camera event in Miami. Both cars were then publicly unveiled on February 8, 2007, at the Chicago Auto Show. The xD, a five-door subcompact car that is sold in Japan as the second generation Toyota Ist, was based on the Yaris platform with the tenth-generation Corolla's engine.\n\nIn September 2010, Scion expanded into Canada, with vehicles offered at 45 selected dealers starting in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, followed by other cities. Launch models included the tC, xD, and xB. The first new Scions were shown in Canada at the 2009 Montreal International Auto Show.\n\n\n=== Struggles ===\nSales of the Scion brand were down to a low of 45,678 for the 2010 model year, compared to over 170,000 for 2006. The management tried to resuscitate the brand, hoping to sell 35,000 to 45,000 tC in a year after the model was redesigned for 2011. In October 2011, the iQ, an ultra-compact city car, debuted as a 2012 model. In April 2012, Jack Hollis (Vice President of Scion) announced that the xB and xD would be dropped after 2012, supposedly in favor of all new models from Toyota's hatchback division, Daihatsu; the same month, the FR-S sports car went on sale as a 2013 model. Later in 2012—despite the announcement of its imminent discontinuation—a facelifted version of the xB was unveiled.\nIn late 2013, the xD and second-generation xB were in their seventh year without a substantial redesign, and Scion sales were still far short of their 2006 peak. Toyota began allowing dealers to drop the Scion marque without penalty. The recently introduced FR-S had strong initial sales, but combined sales of the new FR-S and redesigned tC did not equal sales of the tC alone during 2005 through 2008, and industry observers concluded that the FR-S was cannibalizing sales of the similar tC. iQ sales never met expectations, and by 2014, observers were characterizing it as a \"disappointment.\" A primary goal of the Scion brand was to introduce young first-time buyers to Toyota products, but analysts found that relatively few Scion buyers were making follow-on purchases from the more profitable Toyota and Lexus lines, and Gen Y buyers were generally making more pragmatic car-buying choices than their predecessors due to economic factors.\nFor the 2015 model year, Scion released the iM hatchback, based on the international Toyota Auris, and the iQ, xB, and xD were discontinued. Scion also introduced the iA sedan, a rebadged version of the Mazda2; however, Toyota opted to sell the iA as the Toyota Yaris sedan in Canada.\n\n\n=== Discontinuation ===\nOn February 3, 2016, Toyota announced that the Scion brand would be phased out in August after the 2016 model year, stating that the company no longer required a specific marque to target younger demographics. The FR-S, iA, and iScion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified \"pure price\" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The \"Scion\" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques.ScScion is a discontinued marque of Toyota that started in 2003. It was designed as an extension of its efforts to appeal towards younger customers. The Scion brand primarily featured sports compact vehicles (primarily badge engineered from Toyota's international models), a simplified \"pure price\" model, and eschewed trim levels in favor of offering a single trim for each vehicle with a range of factory and aftermarket options for buyers to choose from to personalize their vehicle. The \"Scion\" name, meaning the descendant of a family or heir, refers both to the brand's cars and their owners. The brand first soft launched in the United States at selected Toyota dealers in the state of California in June 2003, before expanding nationwide by February 2004. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. In an effort to target the generation Y demographic, Scion primarily relied on guerrilla and viral marketing techniques. peaked in 2006 with 173,034 units sold. In 2010, Scion expanded into Canada. However, Toyota's initial propositions of short product cycles and aggressive pricing based on low dealer margins became increasingly unsustainable as sales fell after the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Toyota abolished the Scion brand at the start of the 2017 model year in August 2016; the vehicles were either rebranded as Toyotas or discontinued.\n\n\n== History ==\nIn 1999, Toyota launched Project Genesis, an effort to bring younger buyers to the Toyota marque in the United States. This project aimed to create a \"marque within a marque\" in sales and advertising strategy for compact and coupe models sold by Toyota. The effort, which included the introduction of the Toyota Echo economy car, along with late generation Toyota MR-2 and Toyota Celica models, was judged unsuccessful and cancelled in 2001. In response, Toyota chose to launch a separate marque, an effort called Project Exodus. A Los Angeles-based digital design company, Fresh Machine, was retained by Toyota to develop the brand, logo, and website. This project became known as Scion. Toyota had previously participated in a project in Japan with other Japanese companies who attempted to market products to younger buyers. Toyota manufactured three vehicles under the WiLL brandname, which were exclusive to Toyota Netz Store Japanese dealerships.\n\nScion was marketed as a youth brand and was first introduced in March 2002, at the New York Auto Show. There were just two concept vehicles, the bbX", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Lexus RX", "paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the FA facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "1973 oil crisis", "paragraph_text": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 197", "is_supporting": true } ]	When was the body style of the RX 350, from the luxury division of the Scion owner, altered?	[ { "id": 222979, "question": "Scion >> owned by", "answer": "Toyota", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 40769, "question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .", "answer": "Lexus", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 64047, "question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style", "answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]	Sales began worldwide in April 2012	[]	true	When did the RX 350 from the Scion owner's luxury division change body style?
2hop__96194_78303	[ { "idx": 13, "title": "Walker, Texas Ranger", "paragraph_text": "ise ==\nThe show was initially developed by executive producer Allison Moore and supervising producer J. Michael Straczynski when the series was still being produced by Cannon Television. While Straczynski had to depart to get his new series Babylon 5 on the air, executive producer David Moessinger remained to finish developing the series. The show is centered on Sergeant Cordell Walker (Norris), a Dallas–Fort Worth–based member of the Texas Rangers, a state-level bureau of investigation. Walker was raised by his paternal uncle, an American Indian named Ray Firewalker (Floyd Red Crow Westerman, pilot episode, season 1; Apesanahkwat, season 2). The surname being, possibly, a nod to the 1986 Norris film, Firewalker. Cordell, prior to joining the Rangers, served in the Marines' elite Recon unit during the Vietnam War. Both Cordell and Uncle Ray share the values characteristic of Wild West sheriffs.\nHis partner and best friend is James \"Jimmy\" Trivette (Clarence Gilyard), a former Dallas Cowboys player, \"Go Long Trivette\", who takes a more modern approach. Walker's young partner grew up in Baltimore and used football as his ticket to college education. He was dropped from the team after he tore up his shoulder in a major game, which led to his career in the Rangers (often making references to watching the Lone Ranger and how C.D. Parker mentored him as a rookie officer). Trivette also works inside the office using computers and cellular phones to collate information of the people who have been taken into custody.\nWalker also works closely with (and shares a mutual attraction to) Alexandra \"Alex\" Cahill (Sheree J. Wilson), a Tarrant County Assistant District Attorney, who on occasion puts up a frown if Walker does not obtain results in time. He also gets advice on cases from C.D. Parker (Gailard Sartain, pilot season; Noble Willingham, seasons 1Name Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger MainWalker, Texas Ranger is an American action crime television series created by Leslie Greif and Paul Haggis. It was inspired by the film Lone Wolf McQuade, with both this series and that film starring Chuck Norris as a member of the Texas Ranger Division. The show aired on CBS in the spring of 1993, with the first season consisting of three pilot episodes. Eight full seasons followed with new episodes airing from September 25, 1993, to May 19, 2001, and reruns continuing on CBS until July 28, 2001. It has been broadcast in over 100 countries and spawned a 2005 television film entitled Trial by Fire. The film ended on a cliffhanger, which was never resolved. DVD sets of all seasons have been released (with the three pilots packaged with the first regular season). At various times since 1997, reruns of the show have aired, in syndication, on the USA Network and Action in Canada.\nThe series was noted for its moralistic style. The characters refrained from the use of drugs and participated in community service. Martial arts were displayed prominently as the primary tool of law enforcement, and occasionally as a tool for Walker and company to reach out to the community.\n\n\n== Premise ==\nThe show was initially developed by executive producer Allison Moore and supervising producer J. Michael Straczynski when the series was still being produced by Cannon Television. While Straczynski had to depart to get his new series Babylon 5 on the air, executive producer David Moessinger remained to finish developing the series. The show is centered on Sergeant Cordell Walker (Norris), a Dallas–Fort Worth–based member of the Texas Rangers, a state-level bureau of investigation. Walker was raised by his paternal uncle, an American Indian named Ray Firewalker (Floyd Red Crow Westerman, pilot episode, season 1; Apesanahkwat, season 2). The surname being, possibly, a nod to the 1986 Norris film, Firewalker. Cordell, prior to joining the Rangers, served in the Marines' elite Recon unit during the Vietnam War. Both Cordell and Uncle Ray share the values characteristic of Wild West sheriffs.\nHis partner and best friend is James \"Jimmy\" Trivette (Clarence Gilyard), a former Dallas Cowboys player, \"Go Long Trivette\", who takes a more modern approach. Walker's young partner grew up in Baltimore and used football as his ticket to college education. He was dropped from the team after he tore up his shoulder in a major game, which led to his career in the Rangers (often making references to watching the Lone Ranger and how C.D. Parker mentName Portrayed by Occupation Seasons Pilot 5 6 7 8 Cordell Walker Chuck Norris Texas Ranger Main James Trivette Clarence Gilyard Texas Ranger Main Alexandra Cahill Sheree J. Wilson Assistant District Attorney Main CD Parker Gailard Sartain former Texas Ranger, bar owner Main Noble Willingham Main Raymond Firewalker Floyd Westerman, Apesanahkwat Walker's uncle Main Guest Trent Malloy Jimmy Wlcek karate instructor, private detective Recurring Main Carlos Sandoval Marco Sanchez police detective Recurring Main Francis Gage Judson Mills Texas Ranger Main Sydney Cooke Nia Peeples Texas Ranger Main", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Hero and the Terror", "paragraph_text": "Hero and the Terror is a 1988 action film starring martial arts star Chuck Norris, directed by William Tannen. Produced by Menahem Golan, written by Michael Blodgett, and was distributed by Cannon Films. The film stars Norris as Danny O'Brien as a cop trying to stop a serial killer, Simon Moon known as \"The Terror\".Hero and the Terror is a 1988 action film starring martial arts star Chuck Norris, directed by William Tannen. Produced by Menahem Golan, written by Michael Blodgett, and was distributed by Cannon Films. The film stars Norris as Danny O'Brien as a cop trying to stop a serial killer, Simon Moon known as \"The Terror\".Hero and the Terror is a 1988 American action film starring martial arts star Chuck Norris, directed by William Tannen. Produced by Menahem Golan, written by Michael Blodgett, and was distributed by Cannon Films. The film stars Norris as Danny O'Brien a cop trying to stop a serial killer, Simon Moon known as \"The Terror\".\nIt is based on Michael Blodgett's 1982 novel of the same name.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nDanny O'Brien is a Los Angeles cop who likes to work alone, and who never waits for backup. O'Brien determines to apprehend the notorious Simon Moon, also known as The Terror, who kills women by snapping their necks and then takes their bodies to his lair at an abandoned amusement park. Danny is attacked by Simon, who almost kills him in the struggle. Fleeing the scene, the Terror falls from a ladder and knocks himself unconscious. When backup arrives, everyone believes that O'Brien caught The Terror; he is christened a \"Hero\" by the press, while Simon is hauled off to jail. \nWhen Dr. Highwater goes to visit Simon, he escapes by cutting through the bars of his cell. He then steals a laundry van by push-starting it, but loses control and crashes into a cliff-face. The media pronounces Simon dead, much to the public relief. \nThree years later, women start turning up murdered again; O'Brien suspects that The Terror might not be dead after all. O'Brien eventually finds The", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the character name of the actor from The Hero and The Terror who appeared in Walker, Texas Ranger?	[ { "id": 96194, "question": "Who was the star of Hero and the Terror?", "answer": "Chuck Norris", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 78303, "question": "what was #1 name in walker texas ranger", "answer": "Cordell Walker", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]	Cordell Walker	[]	true	What was the name of the Hero and the Terror star's character in Walker, Texas Ranger?
4hop1__819901_32392_823060_610794	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Forest Acres, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": ").\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.76.\nIn the city, the population was spread out, with 19.9% under the age of 18, 6.6% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 23.7% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.1 males.\nThe median income for a household in theForest Acres is a city in Richland County, South Carolina, United States. The population was 10,361 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Columbia, South Carolina, Metropolitan Statistical Area. is an enclave of the city of Columbia.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nForest Acres is located at 34°2′19″N 80°58′3″W (34.038687, -80.967446).\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.0 square miles (12.9 km2), of which 4.6 square miles (11.9 km2) is land and 0.39 square miles (1.0 km2), or 7.46%, is water.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n=== 2020 census ===\n\nAs of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,617 people, 4,683 households, and 2,716 families residing in the city.\n\n\n=== 2000 census ===\nAs of the census of 2000, there were 10,558 people, 4,987 households, and 2,842 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,300.9 inhabitants per square mile (888.4/km2). There were 5,232 housing units at an average density of 1,140.2 per square mile (440.2/km2). The racial makeup of the city is 80.87% White, 15.52% African American, 0.19% Native American, 1.16% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 1.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. 2.54% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.\nThere were 4,987 households, out of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.0", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Charleston, South Carolina", "paragraph_text": " based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.Charleston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston metropolitan area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley, Cooper, and Wando rivers. Charleston had a population of 150,227 at the 2020 census. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester counties, was estimated to be 849,417 in 2023. It ranks as the third-most populous metropolitan statistical area in the state, and the 71st-most populous in the United States.\nCharleston was founded in 1670 as Charles Town, honoring King Charles II, at Albemarle Point on the west bank of the Ashley River (now Charles Towne Landing) but relocated in 1680 to its present site, which became the fifth-largest city in North America within ten years. It remained unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adopted itsAlthough the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers. unincorporated throughout the colonial period; its government was handled directly by a colonial legislature and a governor sent by Parliament. Election districts were organized according to Anglican parishes, and some social services were managed by Anglican wardens and vestries. Charleston adoptedAs many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play \"Porgy\" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this \"folk opera\", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "WWNQ", "paragraph_text": "inese era names, also known as reign mottos, were titles used by various Chinese dynasties and regimes in Imperial China for the purpose of year identification and numbering. The first monarch to adopt era names was the Emperor Wu of Han in 140 BCE, and this system remained the official method of year identification and numbering until the establishment of the Republic of China in 1912 CE, when the era name system was superseded by the Republic of China calendar. Other polities in the Sinosphere—Korea, Vietnam and Japan—also adopted the concept of era name as a result of Chinese politico-cultural influence.\n\n\n== Description ==\nChinese era names were titles adopted for the purpose of identifying and numbering years in Imperial China. Era names originated as mottos or slogans chosen by the reigning monarch and usually reflected the political, economic and/or social landscapes at the time. For instance, the first era name proclaimed by the Emperor Wu of Han, Jianyuan (建元; lit. \"establishing the origin\"), was reflective of its status as the first era name. Similarly, the era name Jianzhongjingguo (建中��; lit. \"establishing a moderate and peaceful country\") used by the Emperor Huizong of Song was indicative of HuizongWWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.WWNQ is a radio station licensed to Forest Acres, South Carolina, serving the Columbia, South Carolina market. Owned by Midlands Media Group LLC, the station broadcasts a country music format branded as 94.3 The Dude.Chinese era names, also known as", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "John Doby Kennedy", "paragraph_text": " – April 14, 1896) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, as well as a post-war planter, attorney, politician, and the 57th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina serving under Governor Johnson Hagood.JJohn Doby Kennedy (January 5, 1840 – April 14, 1896) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, as well as a post-war planter, attorney, politician, and the 57th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina serving under Governor Johnson Hagood.== Early life and career ==\nKennedy was born in Camden, South Carolina. His father was an immigrant from Scotland who had settled in Kershaw County about 1830 and married a local woman. Kennedy served as a lieutenant in a Camden pre-war militia unitJohn Doby Kennedy (January 5, 1840 – April 14, 1896) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, as well as a post-war planter, attorney, politician, and the 57th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina serving under Governor Johnson Hagood.John Doby Kennedy (January 5, 1840 – April 14, 1896) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, as well as a post-war planter, attorney, politician, and the 57th Lieutenant Governor of South Carolina serving under Governor Johnson Hagood.\n\n\n== Early life and career ==\nKennedy was born in Camden, South Carolina. His father was an immigrant from Scotland who had settled in Kershaw County about 1830 and married a local woman. Kennedy served as a lieutenant in a Camden pre-war militia unit. He studied at South Carolina College from 1855", "is_supporting": true } ]	In what county can you find the city that borders the state's capital, where Johnson Hagood took his last breath?	[ { "id": 819901, "question": "Johnson Hagood >> place of death", "answer": "South Carolina", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 32392, "question": "What city became the state capital of #1 ?", "answer": "Columbia", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 823060, "question": "#2 >> shares border with", "answer": "Forest Acres", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 610794, "question": "#3 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Richland County", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]	Richland County	[ "Richland County, South Carolina" ]	true	In which county is the city sharing a border with the capitol of the state where Johnson Hagood died?
3hop1__120881_2053_52946	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)", "paragraph_text": " public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe first overall season of Celebrity Big Brother worldwide premiered in the United Kingdom in 2001 while an American version of the format has been speculated since 2002. The first season of the American adaptation was announced during a live double eviction episode of the nineteenth regular season on September 7, 2017 by Julie Chen. The first season was scheduled during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The series premiere was the number one program for CBS attracting 7.27 million viewers and the highest-rated season premiere since Big Brother 13. The program was often covered in the media due to the inclusion of Omarosa Manigault and her political revelations in the first season.\nIn September 2021, CBS renewed Celebrity Big Brother for a third season, which premiered on February 2, 202Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.CCelebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of \"Celebrity\" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to 3 months) and a smaller grand prize ($250,000 as opposed to $750,000)\nEach season is also transmitted in real-time which allows for greater viewer participation in the form of America's Vote where the public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe first overall season of Celebrity Big Brother worldwide premiered in the United Kingdom in 2001 while an American version of the format has been speculated since 2002. The first season of the American adaptation was announced during a live double eviction episode of the nineteenth regular season on September 7, 2017 by Julie Chen. The first season was scheduled during the February 2018 sweeps period to counterprogram NBC's coverage of the 2018 Winter Olympics. The series premiere was the number one program for CBS attracting 7.27 million viewers and the highest-rated season premiere since Big Brother 13. The program was often covered in the media due to the inclusion of Omarosa Manigault and her political revelations in the first season.\nIn September 2021, CBS renewed Celebrity Big Brother for a third season, which premiered on February 2, 202Celebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018.Celebrity Big Brother, also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition, is a reality television spin-off series of the American adaptation of Big Brother created by John de Mol. The series began on February 7, 2018 on CBS in the United States and is simulcast in", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Stand Against Fear", "paragraph_text": ") and his buddy Nelson Doyle. When Krista's best friend Ruth, boarding a football team bus to pass out bottled water, gets manhandled badly, Krista later finds out that most of the cheerleaders have been undergoing such treatment. She reports the incident to new coach Ron Peters, who lightly talks it over with Josh, but the team captain denies it all.\nUndeterred, Josh and Nelson continue their campaign of harassment. The pair corner Krista in the girls' locker room. Josh pushes her against the lockers while Nelson holds her hands above her head, allowing Josh to freely run his hands all over Krista until Ruth intervened. A terrified Krista tells her mother Anne (Shanna Reed), who is also a counselor at the school, what happened, and she brings it to the attention of both Coach Peters and principal Vicky Cooke. A meeting is later scheduled to address the accusations, but after Krista presents her story, Josh counters by claiming that her accusations were just a form of retaliation because he supposedly resisted advances Krista made towards him. Siding with the football team, Ms. Cooke and Coach Peters decide to suspend the cheerleading squad for the remainder of the year.\nOutraged by the injustice, Anne discusses the idea of legal action with her husband Ted (Josh Taylor). Despite his initial reluctance, Ted comes around and agrees, but emphasizes that Ruth's testimony is key if they want the charges to stick. Realizing this, Anne tries to convince Ruth's mother Mona to come forward about what she saw, but Mona is greatly concerned about Ruth jeopardizing her college scholarship by doing so. Meanwhile, Krista's brother Kyle, who was recently given a coveted spot on the football team, seems to agree with Josh's version of what transpired and dismisses his sister's charges as false.\nFollowing Anne's directive, several detectives arrive at the school to bring Josh and Nelson in for questioning, but after being advised by Josh's lawyer father Alan not to speak, they decline to give a statement, and the pair are released. Alan later shows up at Ted's restaurant and tries to convince him to make Krista back down, but Ted refuses, stating he won't sell his daughter out.\nAfter an incident at the homecoming dance in which Nelson spills punch on Ruth, Krista is able to convince her to testify before the school board. However, rather than backing her friend up, Ruth instead corroborates Josh's version of events and makes Krista out to be a liar. To make matters worse, Anne later receivesStand Against Fear (also called Unlikely Suspects) is a 1996 American made-for-television drama film starring Sarah Chalke as a cheerleader who takes action when she faces sexual intimidation from football players at her school. The film is a part of the \"Moment of Truth\" franchise and aired on NBC on December 16, 1996.StStand Against Fear (also called Unlikely Suspects) is a 1996 American made-for-television drama film starring Sarah Chalke as a cheerleader who takes action when she faces sexual intimidation from football players at her school. The film is a part of the \"Moment of Truth\" franchise and aired on NBC on December 16, 1996. was based on a real-life incident, which occurred at Santa Clara High School in California.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nKrista Wilson (Sarah Chalke) is a cheerleading captain at Centennial High School who, along with other members of her squad, is subjected to sexual harassment by members of her the varsity football team, particularly captain Josh Kelly (Munro) and his buddy Nelson Doyle. When Krista's best friend Ruth, boarding a football team bus to pass out bottled water, gets manhandled badly, Krista later finds out that most of the cheerleaders have been undergoing such treatment. She reports the incident to new coach", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituentThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs", "is_supporting": true } ]	When is the show Celebrity Big Brother scheduled to air on the major New York-based broadcaster, which is counted alongside ABC and the network that debuted Stand Against Fear?	[ { "id": 120881, "question": "Who released Stand Against Fear?", "answer": "NBC", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 2053, "question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?", "answer": "CBS", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 52946, "question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2", "answer": "February 7, 2018", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	February 7, 2018	[]	true	When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network which, along with ABC and the network which released Stand Against Fear, is the other major broadcaster based in NY?
2hop__673655_316668	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Midnight Blue (Kenny Burrell album)", "paragraph_text": ") – 4:25\n\"Saturday Night Blues\" – 6:16\n\"Kenny's Sound\" – 4:43 (Bonus track on CD reissue)\n\"K Twist\" – 3:36 (Bonus track on CD reissue)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n=== Performance ===\nKenny Burrell – guitar\nStanley Turrentine – tenor saxophone (except #3, 4, 6, 9)\nMajor Holley – bass (except #3)\nBill English – drums (except #3)\nRay Barretto – conga (except #3, 6)\n\n\n=== Production ===\nEric Bernhardi – graphic design\nBob Blumenthal – CD reissue liner notes\nMicaela Boland – design\nMichael Cuscuna – producer, reissue producer\nLeonard Feather – original liner notes\nGordon Jee – creative director\nAlfred Lion – producer\nReid Miles – cover design, typography\nRudy Van Gelder – engineer, remastering\nTom Vasatka – producer\nFrancis Wolff – photography, cover photo\n\n\n== References ==Midnight Blue is a 1963 album by jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell featuring Stanley Turrentine on tenor saxophone, Major Holley on double bass, Bill English on drums and Ray Barretto on conga, and is one of Burrell's best-known works for Blue Note. Jazz Improv magazine lists the album among its top five recommended recordings for Burrell, indicating that \"[i]f you need to know 'the Blue Note sound', here it is\". In 2005, NPR included the album in its \"Basic Jazz Library\", describing it as \"one of the great jazzy blues records\". The album has been re-issued by Blue Note.\nThe cover artwork of Elvis Costello's 1981 country album Almost Blue pays homage to the artwork of Midnight Blue. In 2012, musical comedians Three Bonzos And A Piano parodied the album cover on their album Bum Notes.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nExcept where otherwise noted, all songs composed by Kenny Burrell.\n\n\"Chitlins con Carne\" – 5:30\n\"Mule\" (Kenny Burrell, Major Holley Jr.) – 6:56\n\"Soul Lament\" – 2:43\n\"Midnight Blue\" – 4:02\n\"Wavy Gravy\" – 5:47\n\"Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You\" (Andy Razaf, Don Redman) – 4:25\n\"Saturday Night Blues\" – 6:16\n\"Kenny's Sound\" – 4:43 (Bonus track on CD reissue)\n\"K Twist\" – 3:36 (Bonus track on CD reissue)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n=== Performance ===\nKenny Burrell – guitar\nStanley Turrentine – tenor saxophone (except #3, 4, 6, 9)\nMajor Holley – bass (except #3)\nBill English – drums (except #3)\nRay Barretto – conga (except #3, 6)\n\n\n=== Production ===\nEric Bernhardi – graphic design\nBob Blumenthal – CD reissue liner notes\nMicaela Boland – design\nMichael Cuscuna – producerMidnight Blue is a 1963 album by Jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell featuring Stanley Turrentine on tenor saxophone, Major Holley on double bass, Bill English on drums and Ray Barretto on conga, and is one of Burrell's best-known works for Blue Note. \"Jazz Improv\" magazine lists the album among its top five recommended recordings for Burrell, indicating that \"[i]f you need to know 'the Blue Note sound', here it is\". In 2005, NPR included the album in its \"Basic Jazz Library\", describing it as \"one of the great jazzy blues records\". The album has been re-issued by Blue Note and the French label Classics.MMidnight Blue is a 1963 album by Jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell featuring Stanley Turrentine on tenor saxophone, Major Holley on double bass, Bill English on drums and Ray Barretto on conga, and is one of Burrell's best-known works for Blue Note. \"Jazz Improv\" magazine lists the album among its top five recommended recordings for Burrell, indicating that \"[i]f you need to know 'the Blue Note sound', here it is\". In 2005, NPR included the album in its \"Basic Jazz Library\", describing it as \"one of the great jazzy blues records\". The album has been re-issued by Blue Note and the French label Classics. 1981 country album Almost Blue pays homage to the artwork of Midnight Blue. In 2012, musical comedians Three Bonzos And A Piano parodied the album cover on their album Bum Notes.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nExcept where otherwise noted, all songs composed by Kenny Burrell.\n\n\"Chitlins con Carne\" – 5:30\n\"Mule\" (Kenny Burrell, Major Holley Jr.) – 6:56\n\"Soul Lament\" – 2:43\n\"Midnight Blue\" – 4:02\n\"Wavy Gravy\" – 5:47\n\"Gee, Baby, Ain't I Good to You\" (Andy Razaf, Don Redman) – 4:25\n\"Saturday Night Blues\" – 6:16\n\"Kenny's Sound\" – 4:43 (Bonus track on CD reissue)\n\"K Twist\" – 3:36 (Bonus track on CD reissue)\n\n\n== Personnel ==\n\n\n=== Performance ===\nKenny Burrell – guitar\nStanley Turrentine – tenor saxophone (except #3, 4, 6, 9)\nMajor Holley – bass (except #3)\nBill English – drums (except #3)\nRay Barretto – conga (except #3, 6)\n\n\n=== Production ===\nEric Bernhardi – graphic design\nBob Blumenthal – CD reissue liner notes\nMicaela Boland – design\nMichael Cuscuna – producer, reissue producer\nLeonard Feather – original liner notes\nGordon Jee – creative director\nAlfred Lion – producer\nReid Miles – cover design, typography\nRudy Van Gelder – engineer, remastering\nTom Vasatka – producer\nFrancis Wolff – photography", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "The Blackout All-Stars", "paragraph_text": " Fred Weinberg at National Recording Studios in New York City and produced by Roulette Records producer Morrie Pelsman, also known as Pancho Cristal, for Roulette Records. Part of the recording used many of the musician's kids chanting \"Ahh Bibi!\" which seemed to add to the excitement of the song. At the request of Pancho Cristal, Weinberg delivered a copy to Roulette Records' owner, Morris Levy. According to Weinberg, \"Levy wanted the kids that were singing on the song removed as they sounded out of tune\", however, by that time a copy of the song was also delivered to a disk jockey named Symphony Sid at WEVD. Symphony Sid's show had a huge diverse audience. The record had hit the airwaves at WEVD and requests by listeners poured in. At the suggestion of Weinberg, Morris Levy left the kids singing in the recording.\n\n\n== The Blackout All-Stars version ==\n\nThe song was covered by Latin supergroup The Blackout All-Stars, under the title \"I Like It\", from volume 1 of the soundtrack to the 1994 film I Like It Like That.\nThe song was the group's only recording, as well as their only release to chart, peaking at #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.\nIt was also used in the French movie Les Dalton when the Dalton brothers travel to Mexico to face a super machine gun to (El Tarlo) for removing the magic hat.\n\n\n=== Background ===\nThe Blackout All-Stars wasThe Blackout All-Stars was a one-off 1994 Latin supergroup consisting of Ray Barretto, Sheila E., Tito Puente, Tito Nieves, Paquito D'Rivera, Dave Valentin, Grover Washington, Jr., and Tony Pabon.\"The Blackout All-Stars was a one-off 1994 Latin supergroup consisting of Ray Barretto, Sheila E., Tito Puente, Tito Nieves, Paquito D'Rivera, Dave Valentin, Grover Washington, Jr., and Tony Pabon. 1967 with the same title.\n\n\n== Background ==\nTony Pabon and Manny Rodriguez originally wrote \"I Like It Like That\" in 1967. Tony Pabon sang the vocals for the song, while the instrumentals were performed by Pete Rodriguez Orchestra. The recording was engineered by Fred Weinberg at National Recording Studios in New York City and produced by Roulette Records producer Morrie Pelsman, also known as Pancho Cristal, for Roulette Records. Part of the recording used many of the musician's kids chanting \"Ahh Bibi!\" which seemed to add to the excitement of the song. At the request of Pancho Cristal, Weinberg delivered a copy to Roulette Records' owner, Morris Levy. According to Weinberg, \"Levy wanted the kids that were singing on the song removed as they sounded out of tune\", however, by that time a copy of the song was also delivered to a disk jockey named Symphony Sid at WEVD. Symphony Sid's show had a huge diverse audience. The record had hit the airwaves at WEVD and requests by listeners poured in. At the suggestion of Weinberg, Morris Levy left the kids singing in the recording.\n\n\n== The Blackout All-Stars version ==\n\nThe song was covered by Latin supergroup The Blackout All-Stars, under the title \"I Like It\", from volume 1 of the soundtrack to the 1994 film I Like It Like That.\nThe song was the group's only recording, as well as their only release to chart, peaking at #25 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in the United States.\nIt was also used in the French movie Les Dalton when the Dalton brothers travel to Mexico to face a super machine gun to (El Tarlo) for removing the magic hat.\n\n\n=== Background ===\nThe Blackout All-Stars wasThe Blackout All-Stars was a one-off 1994 Latin supergroup consisting of Ray Barretto, Sheila E., Tito Puente, Tito Nieves, Paquito D'Rivera, Dave Valentin, Grover Washington, Jr., and Tony Pabon.\"I Like It Like That\" is a song written by Tony Pabon and Manny Rodriguez. It was initially a hit for boogaloo musician Pete Rodriguez in 1967, and was one of the most influential boogaloo songs of the era. Rodriguez released an album in 1967 with the same title.\n\n\n== Background ==\nTony Pabon and Manny Rodriguez originally wrote \"I Like It Like That\" in 1967. Tony Pabon sang the vocals for the song, while the instrumentals were performed by Pete Rodriguez Orchestra. The recording was engineered by Fred Weinberg at National Recording Studios in New York City and produced by Roulette Records producer Morrie Pelsman, also known as Pancho Cristal, for Roulette Records. Part of the recording used many of the musician's kids chanting \"Ahh Bibi!\" which seemed to add to the excitement of the song. At the request of Pancho Cristal, Weinberg delivered a copy to Roulette Records' owner, Morris Levy. According to Weinberg, \"Levy wanted the kids that were singing on the song removed as they sounded out of tune\", however, by that time a copy of the song was also delivered to a disk jockey named Symphony Sid at WEVD. Symphony Sid's show had a huge diverse audience. The record had hit the airwaves at WEVD and requests by listeners poured in. At the suggestion of Weinberg, Morris Levy left the kids singing in the recording.\n\n\n== The Blackout All-Stars version ==\n\nThe song was covered by Latin supergroup The", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which instrument does the individual from The Blackout All-Stars perform with?	[ { "id": 673655, "question": "The Blackout All-Stars >> has part", "answer": "Ray Barretto", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 316668, "question": "#1 >> instrument", "answer": "conga", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	conga	[ "Conga" ]	true	What instrument is played by the person from The Blackout All-Stars?
4hop2__161602_474028_88460_63559	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Geography of Myanmar", "paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countriesMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Names of Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "particularly non-Burmans minorities—consider these names to be exclusionary.\n\n\n=== \"Bama\" ===\nThe colloquial name Bama is supposed to have originated from the name Myanma by shortening of the first syllable, from loss of nasal final \"an\" (/-à��/), reduced to non-nasal \"a\" (/-à/), and loss of \"y\" (/-j-/) glide), and then by transformation of \"m\" into \"b\". This sound change from \"m\" to \"b\" is frequent in colloquial Burmese and occurs in many other words. Although Bama may be a later transformation of the name Myanma, both names have been in use alongside each other for centuries. King Mindon in the mid-19th century was the first to refer to himself as the king of the 'Mranma people', in an attempt to ethnicise his rule, at a time when his rule was largely confined to the IrrMa Thanegi records that the first use of the name 'Mranma' for the country is to be found on a 3 feet (91 cm) high stone inscription dated 597 ME (Traditional Burmese calendar) or 1235 CE. The stone is from the reign of Kyaswa, (1234 - 1250) son of King Htilominlo (Nadaungmya), Bagan. It is written in early Burmese script. Although the middle of the front side of this stone is damaged, the first line of the better - protected reverse side clearly shows မြန်မာပြည် (``Mranma kingdom ''). The inscription is known as the 'Yadana Kon Htan Inscription'. At present it is in Bagan recorded as stone number 43 in the Archaeological Department's collection.: ��) was an old name used by Myanmar Country, yet later was changed by Burma's government from the \"Union of Burma\" to the \"Republic of the Union of Myanmar\". Since then, those name changes have been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.\n\n\n== Burmese names ==\nIn the Burmese language, Burma is known as Myanmar Pyi (Burmese: ��). Myanmar Pyi is the written, literary name of the country, while Bama is the spoken name of the country. Burmese, like Javanese and other languages of Southeast Asia, has different levels of register, with sharp differences between literary and spoken language.\nBoth names derive ultimately from the endonym of the largest ethnic group in Burma, the Burmans, also known as Bama or Mranma in the spoken register and in the literary register, respectively. As such, some groups—particularly non-Burmans minorities—consider", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "A Don", "paragraph_text": " Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend andA Don is a village in south-eastern Laos near the border with Vietnam. It is located in Kaleum District in Sekong Province. given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaethwy, among many others. However, antiquarians of the early modern era generally considered Dôn a male figure.\n\n\n== The House of Dôn ==\n\n\n== In astronomy ==\nLlys Dôn (literally \"The Court of Dôn\") is the traditional Welsh name for the constellation Cassiopeia. At least three of Dôn's children also have astronomical associations: Caer Gwydion (\"The Castle of Gwydion\") is the traditional Welsh name for the Milky Way, and Caer Arianrhod (\"The Castle of Arianrhod\") being the constellation of Corona Borealis.\n\n\n== See also ==\nThe House of Ll��r\nTuatha Dé Danann\nDanu (Irish goddess)\nDonn\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nThe New Companion to the Literature of Wales, Meic Stephens.Dôn (Welsh pronunciation: [��do��n]) is an ancestor figure in Welsh legend and literature. She is typically given as the mother of a group known as the \"Children of Dôn\", including Gwydion, Arianrhod, and Gilfaeth", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", "paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 2020 AFC U-23 Championship was the fourth edition of the AFC U-23 Championship, the biennial international age-restricted men's football championship organised by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament, including Australia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Thailand were selected as host of the competition at an AFC Competition Committee's meeting in Tokyo in August 2018.\n\n\n== Qualification ==\n\nThe qualifiers were held from 18 to 26 March 2019, during the FIFA International Match Calendar.\n\n\n=== Qualified teams ===\nThirteen of the sixteen teams (including hosts Thailand) that qualified for 2018 AFC U-23 Championship qualified again for the 2020 final tournament. The 2013 champions Iraq, 2016 champions Japan, 201Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the country known as Burma alter its name, specifying the it's located between the tournament-hosting nation and the homeland of A Don?	[ { "id": 161602, "question": "Who hosted the tournament?", "answer": "Thailand", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 474028, "question": "A Don >> country", "answer": "Laos", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 88460, "question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2", "answer": "Myanmar", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 63559, "question": "when was the name burma changed to #3", "answer": "1235", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]	1235	[]	true	When was Burma's name changed to the country between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where A Don is from?
2hop__864101_135373	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Bering Sea", "paragraph_text": " Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service,The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus Bering, a Danish navigator in Russian service, who in 1728 was the first European to systematically explore it, sailing from the Pacific Ocean northward to the Arctic Ocean.The Bering Sea is separated from the Gulf of Alaska by the Alaska Peninsula. It covers over and is bordered on the east and northeast by Alaska, on the west by Russian Far East and the Kamchatka Peninsula, on the south by the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands and on the far north by the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean's Chukchi Sea. Bristol Bay is the portion of the Bering Sea which separates the Alaska Peninsula from mainland Alaska. The Bering Sea is named for Vitus", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "St. Matthew Island", "paragraph_text": "000 feet (300 m). Similar heights are found at Glory of Russia Cape on the north, and the highest point, 1,476 feet (450 m) above sea level, lies south from the island center.\nThere is a small island off its northwestern point called Hall Island. The 3.1 miles (5.0 km) wide sound between the two islands is called Sarichef Strait. A small rocky islet called Pinnacle Rock lies 9.3 miles (15.0 km) to the south of Saint Matthew Island.\nThe United States Coast Guard maintained a staffed LORAN station on the island during the 1940s.\n\n\n== Geology and climate ==\nThe climatic conditions in the entire Bering Sea Area, according to National Climatic Data Center (1986), is reported as maritime with \"considerable wind and cool, humid and cloudy conditions\" with mean annual temperature ofThere is a small island off its northwestern point called Hall Island. The wide sound between both islands is called Sarichef Strait. A small rocky islet called Pinnacle Rock lies to the south of Saint Matthew Island. The entire island's natural scenery and wildlife is protected as it is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.StThere is a small island off its northwestern point called Hall Island. The wide sound between both islands is called Sarichef Strait. A small rocky islet called Pinnacle Rock lies to the south of Saint Matthew Island. The entire island's natural scenery and wildlife is protected as it is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge. is protected as it is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.\nThe island has a land area of 137.857 sq mi (357.05 km2), making it the 43rd largest island in the United States. Its most southerly point is Cape Upright which features cliff faces which exceed 1,000 feet (300 m). Similar heights are found at Glory of Russia Cape on the north, and the highest point, 1,476 feet (450 m) above sea level, lies south from the island center.\nThere is a small island off its northwestern point called Hall Island. The 3.1 miles (5.0 km) wide sound between the two islands is called Sarichef Strait. A small rocky islet called Pinnacle Rock lies 9.3 miles (15.0 km) to the south of Saint Matthew Island.\nThe United States Coast Guard maintained a staffed LORAN station on the island during the 1940s.\n\n\n== Geology and climate ==\nThe climatic conditions in the entire Bering Sea Area, according to National Climatic Data Center (1986), is reported as maritime with \"considerable wind and cool, humid and cloudy conditions\" with mean annual temperature ofThere is a small island off its northwestern point called Hall Island. The wide sound between both islands is called Sarichef Strait. A small rocky islet called Pinnacle Rock lies to the south of Saint Matthew Island. The entire island's natural scenery and wildlife is protected as it is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.St. Matthew Island (Russian: Остров Святого Матвея, romanized: Ostrov svyatogo matveya) is an uninhabited, remote island in the Bering Sea in Alaska, 183 miles (295 km) west-northwest of Nunivak Island. The entire island's natural scenery and wildlife is protected as it is part of the Bering Sea unit of the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.\nThe island has a land area of 137.857 sq mi (357.05 km2), making it the 43rd largest island in the United States. Its most southerly point is Cape Upright which features cliff faces which exceed 1,000 feet (300 m). Similar heights are found at Glory of Russia Cape on the north, and the highest point, 1,476 feet (450 m) above sea level, lies south from the island center.\nThere is a small island off its northwestern point called Hall Island. The 3.1 miles (5.0 km) wide sound between the two islands is called Sarichef Strait. A small rocky islet called Pinnacle Rock lies 9.3 miles (15.0 km) to the south of Saint Matthew Island.\nThe United States Coast Guard maintained a staffed LORAN station on the island during the 1940s.\n\n\n== Geology and climate ==\nThe climatic conditions in the entire Bering Sea Area, according to National Climatic Data Center (1986), is reported as maritime with \"considerable wind and cool, humid and cloudy conditions\" with mean annual temperature of 37.8 °F (3.2 °C) and annual precipitation of 15.3 in (390 mm) on St. Matthew Island. The geological formation recorded on St. Matthew Island consists of calc-alkaline volcanic rocks of Late Cretaceous and earliest tertiary age with Pergelic Cryaquolls and Pergelic Cryoborolls soil types.\n\n\n== Human habitation ==\nThe first recorded attempt at settlement occurred in 1809, when a Russian group led by Demid Ilyich Kulikalov, under the guise of the Russian-American Company, established an experimental outpost.\nA 2013 sailing expedition to the island showed that, in spite of the lack of human habitation, extensive areas of beach were heavily contaminated with plastic marine debris, particularly from the fishing industry.\n\n\n== Mammals ==\nPresently, Arctic foxes and insular voles are the only mammals resident on the island, though polar bears occasionally visit via pack ice. Notably, St. Matthew Island represents the southern limit of the range of polar bears in the Bering Sea.\n\nIn 1944, 29 reindeer were introduced to the island by the United States Coast Guard to provide an emergency food source. The Coast Guard abandoned the island a few years later, leaving the reindeer. Subsequently, the reindeer population rose to about 6,000 by 1963 and then died off in the next two years to 42 animals. A scientific study attributed the population crash to the limited food supply in interaction with climatic factors (the winter of 1963–64 was exceptionally severe in the region).[1] By the 1980s, the reindeer population had completely died out.[2] Environmentalists see this as an issue of overpopulation. For example, ecologist Garrett Hardin cited the \"natural experiment\" of St. Matthew Island of the reindeer population explosion and collapse as a paradigmatic example of the consequences of overpopulation in his essay An Ecolate View of the Human Predicament.\n\n\n== Birds ==\nDespite its high latitude, St. Matthew Island contains significant populations of endemic and migratory birds. In fact, the Department of the Interior has called the island \"one of the richest seabird nesting colonies in the world\", with over 5 million seabirds nesting during breeding season. Over 140 different species of birds have been identified on the island. The island, along with its small satellites Hall Island and Pinnacle Rock, contains the entire breeding range of McKay's bunting. Additionally, a subspecies of rock sandpiper (Calidris ptilocnemis ptilocnemis) and a subspecies of gray-crowned rosy finch (Leucosticte tephrocotis umbrina) breed only on the island and the nearby Pribilof Islands. Both McKay's bunting and Calidris ptilocnemis ptilocnemis, with their restricted breeding ranges, are among the rarest birds in", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the name of the body of water in which St. Matthew Island is situated?	[ { "id": 864101, "question": "St. Matthew Island >> located in or next to body of water", "answer": "Bering Sea", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 135373, "question": "What is #1 named after?", "answer": "Vitus Bering", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]	Vitus Bering	[]	true	What is the body of water that St. Matthew Island located in named after?
2hop__669837_31270	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Tennessee", "paragraph_text": " governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee, one of the state's three divisions.\nAs of 2020 Nashville is considered a global city, type \"Gamma\" by the GaWC. The city is a major center for the music industry, especially country music. It is home to three major professional sports teams: the Predators, Titans, and Nashville SC.\nThe city is also the home of many colleges and universities including Tennessee State University, Vanderbilt University, Belmont University, Fisk University, Trevecca Nazarene University, and Lipscomb University. Nashville isThe capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. ChattanoogaThe capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.9 when this territory was still considered part of North Carolina. The city grew quickly due to its strategic location as a port on the Cumberland River and, in the 19th century, a railroad center. Nashville as part of Tennessee seceded during the American Civil War; in 1862 it was the first state capital in the Confederacy to be taken by Union forces. It was occupied through the war.\nAfter the war, the city gradually reclaimed its stature. It became a center of trade and developed a manufacturing base.\nSince 1963, Nashville has had a consolidated city-county government, which includes six smaller municipalities in a two-tier system. The city is governed by a mayor, a vice-mayor, and a 40-member metropolitan council. Some 35 of the members are elected from single-member districts, while five are elected at-large. Reflecting the city's position in state government, Nashville", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Felix Ives Batson", "paragraph_text": " ranging from 1 to 35 years old.\nHis only daughter, Emma, married Jordan Edgar Cravens,Born in Dickson County, Tennessee, he later moved to Clarksville, Arkansas and established a law practice. He was admitted to the bar in 1841 and was one of the first attorneys in Johnson County. From 1853 to 1858 he was a circuit judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Arkansas. In 1858 he served as a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, a position he resigned in 1860. Batson as a delegate to Arkansas Secession Convention prior to the Civil War in 1861 and voted for secession. During the American Civil War, he represented the First Congressional District of northwest Arkansas in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress House of Representatives. Batson defeated well known Arkansas politician Hugh French Thomason to win election in November 1861.FBorn in Dickson County, Tennessee, he later moved to Clarksville, Arkansas and established a law practice. He was admitted to the bar in 1841 and was one of the first attorneys in Johnson County. From 1853 to 1858 he was a circuit judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Arkansas. In 1858 he served as a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, a position he resigned in 1860. Batson as a delegate to Arkansas Secession Convention prior to the Civil War in 1861 and voted for secession. During the American Civil War, he represented the First Congressional District of northwest Arkansas in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress House of Representatives. Batson defeated well known Arkansas politician Hugh French Thomason to win election in November 1861. the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress House of Representatives. Batson defeated well known Arkansas politician Hugh French Thomason to win election in November 1861.\nIn the first Congress, Batson served on the Inauguration, Military Affairs and Territories and Public Lands committees. During the second Congress he served on the Judiciary Committee and on select committees whose purpose was to inform state governors to lessen the granting of exemptions and to increase the number of Confederate troops in each state.\nAfter the war Batson returned to Clarksville to practice law. It is estimated he lost 75 percent of his fortune during the war years. In Batson died in Clarksville, Arkansas aged 51 and was buried in Oakland Cemetery.\nThe 1860 United States Census Slave Schedule states that Batson owned 14 slaves, ranging from 1 to 35 years old.\nHis only daughter, Emma, married Jordan Edgar Cravens,Born in Dickson County, Tennessee, he later moved to Clarksville, Arkansas and established a law practice. He was admitted to the bar in 1841 and was one of the first attorneys in Johnson County. From 1853 to 1858 he was a circuit judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Arkansas. In 1858 he served as a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, a position he resigned in 1860. Batson as a delegate to Arkansas Secession Convention prior to the Civil War in 1861 and voted for secession. During the American Civil War, he represented the First Congressional District of northwest Arkansas in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress House of Representatives. Batson defeated well known Arkansas politician Hugh French Thomason to win election in November 1861.Felix Ives Batson (September 6, 1819 – March 11, 1871) was a prominent American lawyer and politician from Arkansas.\nBorn in Dickson County, Tennessee, he later moved to Clarksville, Arkansas and established a law practice. He was admitted to the bar in 1841 and was one of the first attorneys in Johnson County. From 1853 to 1858 he was a circuit judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Arkansas. In 1858 he served as a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court, a position he resigned in 1860. Batson as a delegate to Arkansas Secession Convention prior to the Civil War in 1861 and voted for secession. During the American Civil War, he represented the First Congressional District of northwest Arkansas in the First Confederate Congress and the Second Confederate Congress House of Representatives. Batson defeated well known Arkansas politician Hugh French Thomason to win election in November 1861.\nIn the first Congress, Batson served on the Inauguration, Military Affairs and Territories and Public Lands committees. During the second Congress he served on the Judiciary Committee and on select committees whose purpose was to inform state governors to lessen the granting of exemptions and to increase the number of Confederate troops in each state.\nAfter the war Batson returned to Clarksville to practice law. It is estimated he lost 75 percent of his fortune during the war years. In Batson died in Clarksville, Arkansas aged 51 and was buried in Oakland Cemetery.\nThe 1860 United States Census Slave Schedule states that Batson owned 14 slaves, ranging from 1 to 35 years old.\nHis only daughter, Emma, married Jordan Edgar Cravens, a Colonel in the Confederate Army who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1877 to 1883. In 1898 Emma Batson Cravens organized Chapter 221 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy and named the chapter after Felix I. Batson.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nFelix Ives Batson at The Political GraveyardFelix Ives Batson (September 6, 1819 – March 11, 1871) was a prominent American lawyer and politician from Arkansas.\nBorn in Dickson County, Tennessee, he later moved to Clarksville, Arkansas and established a law practice. He was admitted to the bar in 1841 and was one of the first attorneys in Johnson County. From 1853 to 1858 he was a circuit judge for the Fourth Judicial Circuit of", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the distance in miles between Nashville and the location where Felix Ives Batson died?	[ { "id": 669837, "question": "Felix Ives Batson >> place of death", "answer": "Clarksville", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 31270, "question": "What distance in miles is #1 , TN from Nashville?", "answer": "45", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	45	[]	true	How far from Nashville in miles is the place of death of Felix Ives Batson?
4hop1__88342_49853_128008_46894	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Batting average", "paragraph_text": " rounded; entering the final day of the 1941 season, Williams was at 179-for-448, which is .39955 and would have been recorded as .400 via rounding. However, Williams played in both games of a doubleheader, went 6-for-8, and ended the season 185-for-456, which is .40570 and becomes .406 when rounded.\nSince 1941,Ty Cobb holds the record for highest career batting average with. 366, 9 points higher than Rogers Hornsby who has the second highest average in history at. 358. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at - bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a. 170 average in 3,028 career at - bats. The modern - era record for highest batting average for a season is held by Napoleon Lajoie, who hit. 426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern - era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Rob Deer, who hit. 179 in 1991. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit. 159 for the 2011 season, twenty points (and 11.2%) lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was. 408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson. of \"clean\" hits—times a batter reached base without benefit of an error. In 1869, another early baseball proponent, Alfred Wright, published an end-of-season summary that included the average number of times a batter had \"clean\" hits on a per game basis. In 1871, a writer for the New York Clipper, Hervie Dobson, proposed that a batter's \"average is found by dividing his total 'times first base on clean hits' by his total number of times he went to the bat\"—hits divided by at bats. By 1874, some teams were calculating batting averages, and by 1876, it was being calculated by all teams of the National League.\n\n\n== Values ==\n\nIn modern times, a season batting average of .300 or higher is considered to be excellent, and an average higher than .400 a nearly unachievable goal. The last Major League Baseball (MLB) player to do so, with enough plate appearances to qualify for the batting championship, was Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox, who hit .406 in 1941. Note that batting averages are rounded; entering the final day of the 1941 season, Williams was at 179-for-448, which is .39955 and would have been recorded as .400 via rounding. However, Williams played in both games of a doubleheader, went 6-for-8, and ended the season 185-for-456, which is .40570 and becomes .406 when rounded.\nSince 1941, no American League or National League player has hit .400 or above—the highest single-season average in those leagues has been .394 by Tony Gwynn of the San Diego Padres in 1994. Wade Boggs hit .401 over a 162-game span with Boston from June 9, 1985, to June 6, 1986, but never hit above .368 for an MLB season. There have been numerous attempts to explain the disappearance of the .400 hitter, with one of the more rigorous discussions of this question appearing in Stephen Jay Gould's 1996 book Full House. Josh Gibson hit .466 in 1943 while playing for the Homestead Grays of the Negro National League, one of several leagues within Negro league baseball that are now recognized by MLB.\nGibson holds the record for highest major-league career batting average at .372, six points higher than Ty Cobb who has the second-highest career average at .366. The record for lowest career batting average for a player with more than 2,500 at-bats belongs to Bill Bergen, a catcher who played from 1901 to 1911 and recorded a .170 average in 3,028 career at-bats. Hugh Duffy, who played from 1888 to 1906, is credited with the highest single-season batting average, having hit .440 in 1894. The modern-era (post-1900) record for highest batting average for a season is held by Nap Lajoie, who hit .426 in 1901, the first year of play for the American League. The modern-era record for lowest batting average for a player that qualified for the batting title is held by Chris Davis, who hit .168 in 2018. While finishing six plate appearances short of qualifying for the batting title, Adam Dunn of the Chicago White Sox hit .159 for the 2011 season, nine points lower than the record. The highest batting average for a rookie was .408 in 1911 by Shoeless Joe Jackson.\nThe league batting average in MLB for the 2018 season was .248, with the highest modern-era MLB average being .296 in 1930, and the lowest being .237 in 1968. For non-pitchers, a batting average below .230 is often considered poor, and one below .200 is usually unacceptable. This latter level is sometimes referred to as \"The Mendoza Line\", named for Mario Mendoza—a lifetime .215", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "New York Yankees", "paragraph_text": " into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees include Mariano Rivera and Derek Jeter, who received the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of Fame members. According to Forbes, the Yankees are the second-highest valued sports franchise in the world, after the NFL's Dallas Cowboys, with an estimated value in 2023 of approximately $7.1 billion. The team has garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated fanbase, as well as widespread enmity from fans of other MLB teams. The team's rivalry with the Boston Red Sox is one of the most well-known rivalries in North American sports. The team's logo is internationally known as a fashion item and an icon of New York City and the United States.\nFrom 1903 through the 2023 season, the Yankees' overall win–loss record is 10,684–8,080–88 (a .569 winning percentage).\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== 1901–1902: Origins in Baltimore ===\n\nIn 1900, Ban Johnson, the president of a minor league known as the Western League (1894–1899), changed the Western League name to the American League (AL) and asked the National League to classify it as a major league. Johnson held that his league would operate on friendly terms withThe New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in .The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East Division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City alongside the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. The team was founded in 1903 when Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise rights to the defunct Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the current team of the same name) after it ceased operations and used them to establish the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in 1913.\nThe team is owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. InThe New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx. The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division. They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City; the other club is the National League (NL)'s New York Mets. In the season, the club began play in the AL as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles). Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise that had ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the Yankees in . owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, a limited liability company that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner. Steinbrenner purchased the team from CBS in 1973. Currently, Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, Aaron Boone is the team's field manager, and Aaron Judge is the team captain. The team's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium in the Bronx from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008. In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets, in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants. In 2009, they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.\nArguably the most successful professional sports franchise in the United States, the Yankees have won 20 American League East Division titles, 40 American League pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB records. The team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal Canadiens between 1993 and 1999. The Yankees have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, including many of the most iconic figures in the sport's history, such as Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, and Reggie Jackson; more recent inductees", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award", "paragraph_text": " issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player inMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters. the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) to a player in the National League and a player in the American League. Before 1931, two similar awards were issued—the League Award was issued during 1922–1928 in the American League and during 1924–1929 in the National League, and during 1911–1914, the Chalmers Award was issued to a player in each league. Criteria and a list of winners for these two earlier awards are detailed in below sections.\nMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBMVP voting takes place before the postseason, but the results are not announced until after the World Series. The BBWAA began by polling three writers in each league city in 1938, reducing that number to two per league city in 1961. The BBWAA does not offer a clear - cut definition of what ``most valuable ''means, instead leaving the judgment to the individual voters.The Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award (MVP) is an annual Major League Baseball (MLB) award given to one outstanding player in the American League and one in the National League. The award has been presented by the Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) since 1931.\n\n\n== History ==\nSince 1931, a Most Valuable Player Award has been bestowed by the Baseball Writers' Association", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "World Series", "paragraph_text": "2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the season to determine an overall champion. These series were disorganized in comparison to the modern World Series, with the terms arranged through negotiation of the owners of the championship teams beforehand. The number of games played ranged from as fewIn the American League, the New York Yankees have played in 40 World Series and won 27, the Philadelphia / Kansas City / Oakland Athletics have played in 14 and won 9, and the Boston Red Sox have played in 12 and won 8, including the first World Series. In the National League, the St. Louis Cardinals have appeared in 19 and won 11, the New York / San Francisco Giants have played in 20 and won 8, the Brooklyn / Los Angeles Dodgers have appeared in 18 and won 6, and the Cincinnati Reds have appeared in 9 and won 5.–loss record in each league automatically clinched its league's pennant and advanced to the World Series, barring the rare tie necessitating a pennant playoff. Since then each league has conducted a League Championship Series (ALCS and NLCS) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance, while those series have been preceded in turn by Division Series (ALDS and NLDS) since 1995, and Wild Card games or series in each league since 2012. Until 2002, home-field advantage in the World Series alternated from year to year between the AL and NL. From 2003 to 2016, home-field advantage was given to the league that won that year's All-Star Game. Starting in 2017, home-field advantage was awarded to the league champion team with the better regular-season win–loss record, regardless of that team's seeding in earlier playoff rounds (i.e. a Wild Card team in one league will have home-field advantage over a division winner in the other league if the WC team had a better record or wins the tie-breaking procedure).\nThe World Series has been contested 119 times through the 2023 season, with the AL team winning 68 times and the NL team 51. It is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic, as it is played during the fall season in North America.\n\n\n== Precursors to the modern World Series (1857–1902) ==\n\n\n=== The original World Series ===\nBefore 1882, when the American Association was formed as a second major league, the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players (1871–1875) and then the National League (founded 1876) represented the top level of organized baseball in the United States. All championships were awarded to the team with the best record at the end of the season, without a postseason series being played. From 1884 to 1890, the National League and the American Association faced each other in a series of games at the end of the", "is_supporting": true } ]	In the league where the team with the highest number of championship titles plays and MVP awards are given out, who holds the record for the worst batting average?	[ { "id": 88342, "question": "when do they give out the mlb mvp award", "answer": "after the World Series", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 49853, "question": "what team has the most #1 titles", "answer": "the New York Yankees", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 128008, "question": "Which is the league of #2 ?", "answer": "Major League Baseball", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 46894, "question": "who has the lowest batting average in #3", "answer": "Bill Bergen", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]	Bill Bergen	[]	true	Who has the lowest batting average in the league that the team that has won the most titles from the competition they give out MVP awards plays for?
4hop1__152562_5274_458768_33633	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Japan.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Beginnings as CBS joint venture ===\nThe idea for a CBS/Sony joint venture came in 1967 from Harvey Schein, then President of Columbia Records International who hadSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan boughtSony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Vilaiyaadu Mankatha", "paragraph_text": " that month, Venkat Prabhu made an announcement via Twitter, disclosing that the soundtrack album would consist of nine tracks, including one promotional track, one theme music track and one club mix, further adding that six songs had been composed and three out of them recorded already. The remaining songs were recorded from mid-June only, with Yuvan Shankar Raja informing the following month, that he had scrapped one of the songs, since he was not satisfied with its tune, and composed a new song, starting from scratch.\nReports in July 2011 revealed that the album would feature two more duets; \"Nee Naan\", which was sung by S. P. B. CharFour songs were included as bonus tracks to the single release of \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", all of which were part of earlier soundtracks by Yuvan Shankar Raja and were marketed by Sony Music Entertainment. The four songs - \"Dia Dia Dole\" performed by Suchitra for the film \"Avan Ivan\", \"Goa\" from the same-titled film featuring vocals by Krish, Ranjith, Tanvi Shah, Suchitra, Chynk Showtyme and Pav Bundy, \"Yogi Yogi Thaan\" from \"Yogi\" sung by Blaaze and Neha Bhasin and the title track from \"Theeradha Vilaiyattu Pillai\" rendered by Andrea Jeremiah, Tanvi Shah, Vinaitha and Ranjith - were added in their original composition without any variation. 2010, during Navratri, Yuvan Shankar Raja started composing the first tunes for the film. The \"introduction song\" of Ajith Kumar, \"Vilaiyaadu Mankatha\", for which he had taken \"special care\", and the item number song \"Machi Open The Bottle...\", labelled as a \"mass song\", were recorded first. In March 2011, sources claimed that a song titled \"Vaada Bin Lada\" was recorded with Krish and Suchitra", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Santa Monica, California", "paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, thatSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "The Right Stuff Records", "paragraph_text": "The Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of", "is_supporting": true } ]	At what time did the adventurer arrive in the city that houses the main office of the sole organization that surpasses Vilaiyaadu Mankatha's record label in size?	[ { "id": 152562, "question": "What was the record label of Vilaiyaadu Mankatha?", "answer": "Sony Music Entertainment", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 5274, "question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?", "answer": "Universal Music Group.", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 458768, "question": "#2 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Santa Monica", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 33633, "question": "What date did the explorer reach #3 ?", "answer": "August 3, 1769", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	August 3, 1769	[]	true	When did the explorer reach the city where the headquarters of the only group larger than Vilaiyaadu Mankatha's record label is located?
3hop1__210639_147339_47686	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Paul Kane", "paragraph_text": " although he often embellished them considerably, departing from the accuracy of his field sketches in favour of more dramatic scenes. Kane's work followed the tenets of salvage ethnography.\n\n\n== Early life and formative years ==\nKane was born in Mallow, CountyA largely self-educated artist, Paul Kane grew up in Toronto (then known as York) and trained himself by copying European masters on a \"Grand Tour\" study trip through Europe. He undertook two voyages through the Canadian northwest in 1845 and from 1846 to 1848. The first trip took him from Toronto to Sault Ste. Marie and back. Having secured the support of the Hudson's Bay Company, he set out on a second, much longer voyage from Toronto across the Rocky Mountains to Fort Vancouver and Fort Victoria. him from Toronto to Sault Ste. Marie and back. Having secured the support of the Hudson's Bay Company, he set out on a second, much longer voyage from Toronto across the Rocky Mountains to Fort Vancouver (present-day Vancouver, Washington) and Fort Victoria (present day Victoria, British Columbia).\nOn both trips Kane sketched and painted First Nations and Métis peoples. Upon his return to Toronto, he produced more than one hundred oil paintings from these sketches. The oil paintings he completed in his studio are considered a part of the Canadian heritage, although he often embellished them considerably, departing from the accuracy of his field sketches in favour of more dramatic scenes. Kane's work followed the tenets of salvage ethnography.\n\n\n== Early life and formative years ==\nKane was born in Mallow, County Cork in Ireland, the fifth child of the eight children of Michael Kane and Frances Loach. His father, a soldier from Preston, Lancashire, England, served in the Royal Horse Artillery until his discharge in 1801. The family then settled in Ireland. Sometime between 1819 and 1822, when Kane was around ten, they immigrated to Upper Canada and settled in York (now Toronto). There, Kane's father operated a shop as a spirits and wine merchant.\n\nNot much is known about Kane's youth in York, which at that time was a small settlement of a few thousand people. He went to school at Upper Canada College, and then received some training in painting by an art teacher named Thomas Drury at the Upper Canada College around 1830. In July 1834, he displayed some of his paintings in the first (and only) exhibition of The Society of Artists and Amateurs", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Scene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy", "paragraph_text": " in 1853 and took the painting with him. The original remained in the Lefroy family for some 150 years, but they had no knowledge of the artist or its value. It was forgotten in Canada until researchers at the Library and Archives Canada and the Art Gallery of Ontario learned of its existence and located it in the possession of one of Lefroy's descendants. They opted to put it up for auction in 2002. It sold at auction in February 2002 at Sotheby's Canada in Toronto for $5,062,500. The painting was appraised at $450,000 to $550,000, but a competitive auction vastly exceeded its appraised value as Thomson's agent competed with two American bidders. Its sale price more than doubled the previous record for a Canadian painting—$2.2 million for Lawren Harris's Baffin Island, which had been bought by Thomson the previous year. The sale price of Scene in the Northwest was almost ten times more than had ever had been paid for a Kane work; the previous record was $525,000 for Portrait of Maungwudaus in 1999.\nWhile scholars had no knowledge of the original painting for over aScene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy, also known as The Surveyor, is a painting by Paul Kane circa 1845. It sold at auction in 2002 for C$5.1 million, making it the most expensive Canadian painting ever sold at that time. It was purchased by media magnate Ken Thomson, who donated it to the Art Gallery of Ontario. The painting depicts British explorer John Henry Lefroy on his successful expedition to map the Magnetic North Pole.SceneScene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy, also known as The Surveyor, is a painting by Paul Kane circa 1845. It sold at auction in 2002 for C$5.1 million, making it the most expensive Canadian painting ever sold at that time. It was purchased by media magnate Ken Thomson, who donated it to the Art Gallery of Ontario. The painting depicts British explorer John Henry Lefroy on his successful expedition to map the Magnetic North Pole. \nLefroy returned to Toronto in November 1844 and it is likely that Kane painted him soon after that. Lefroy helped convince George Simpson to fund Kane's own western expeditions, which Kane began in June 1845. In the painting, Lefroy is dressed in the outfit of a coureur des bois wearing snow shoes, standing in front of a dog sled. In the background one of his companions walks towards a native woman's tipi.\nLefroy returned to England in 1853 and took the painting with him. The original remained in the Lefroy family for some 150 years, but they had no knowledge of the artist or its value. It was forgotten in Canada until researchers at the Library and Archives Canada and the Art Gallery of Ontario learned of its existence and located it in the possession of one of Lefroy's descendants. They opted to put it up for auction in 2002. It sold at auction in February 2002 at Sotheby's Canada in Toronto for $5,062,500. The painting was appraised at $450,000 to $550,000, but a competitive auction vastly exceeded its appraised value as Thomson's agent competed with two American bidders. Its sale price more than doubled the previous record for a Canadian painting—$2.2 million for Lawren Harris's Baffin Island, which had been bought by Thomson the previous year. The sale price of Scene in the Northwest was almost ten times more than had ever had been paid for a Kane work; the previous record was $525,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Toronto Coach Terminal", "paragraph_text": " later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street from the rail terminal. GO's Toronto to Hamilton Express bus route was the last to use the Elizabeth Street Terminal until Labour Day weekend of 2002 when it moved to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street. After the departure of GO Transit, the Elizabeth Street terminal only handled arrivals for the remaining bus lines.\nThe bus bays on theThe Toronto Coach Terminal is the central bus station for inter-city services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located at 610 Bay Street, in the city's Downtown. The terminal is owned by Toronto Coach Terminal Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The TTC managed the station directly until July 8, 2012, when it was leased out in its entirety to bus lines Coach Canada and Greyhound Canada for $1.2 million annually. Opened in 1931 as the Gray Coach Terminal, the Art Deco style terminal was home base for Gray Coach, an interurban bus service then owned by the TTC. It replaced an earlier open air terminal, Gray Line Terminal. leasing a parcel of land at Bay and Edward Streets for an open air coach terminal. \n\nAfter purchasing the Bay/Edward property, construction on a permanent terminal building began in July 1931. The building officially opened on December 19, 1931 as the Toronto Motor Coach Terminal, to serve as the terminal hub for the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) Gray Coach intercity bus service, replacing an open air terminal that had operated at the same location. Known as the Gray Coach Terminal until 1990, the Art Deco building is a two-storey historic building with Travertine limestone. Designed by architect Charles B. Dolphin it was originally built with five platforms (four departure and one arrival platform) and later expanded to nine bus platforms. Its final form consisted of seven bus platforms, accommodating two numbered bus bays each. The building has been listed in the City of Toronto's heritage buildings register since May 19, 1987.\n\nAn annex, the Elizabeth Street Terminal located at 130 Elizabeth Street, is located to the west of the main terminal. It was originally built in 1968 and was used for bus charters and sightseeing buses and, beginning in 1970, was a hub for GO Transit bus arrivals and departures. Five diagonal bus bays on its south side were used for departures and the north side of the building opening onto a covered two-lane driveway acting as an unloading area and space for bus layovers and parking. \nIn 1990, the Elizabeth Street Terminal also began handling arrivals for the main terminal's bus lines with departures leaving from the main coach terminal across the street, which is rather unusual for bus terminals or other passenger transportation infrastructure. \nThrough the 1990s, GO Transit bus services gradually relocated to Toronto Union Station, first to seven curb-side bus stops along Front Street in front of the railway station, and then to the original Union Station Bus Terminal on Front Street, across Bay Street", "is_supporting": true } ]	In the city where the creator of "Scene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy" resided at the time of his death, from where do the Greyhound buses depart?	[ { "id": 210639, "question": "Scene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy >> creator", "answer": "Paul Kane", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 147339, "question": "Where did #1 live when he died?", "answer": "Toronto", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 47686, "question": "where do greyhound buses leave from in #2", "answer": "Toronto Coach Terminal", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]	Toronto Coach Terminal	[]	true	Where do Greyhound buses leave from in the city where the creator of Scene in the Northwest: Portrait of John Henry Lefroy lived when he died?
2hop__829358_754719	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Darley Ramon Torres", "paragraph_text": " level, playing a total of seven matches for the club from Belo Horizonte. On 13 December 2007, Darley had a successful trial period at the Dutch Eredivisie club Feyenoord. One month later, Feyenoord officially announced the arrival of the goalkeeper.\n\n\n===Darley Ramon Torres (born 15 December 1989 in Pedro Leopoldo), commonly known as Darley, is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Botafogo-SP, on loan from Tombense.DDarley Ramon Torres (born 15 December 1989 in Pedro Leopoldo), commonly known as Darley, is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Botafogo-SP, on loan from Tombense., Minas Gerais, Brazil.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Atlético Mineiro (2007) ===\nDarley started his professional career at Atlético Mineiro. At the age of 17, Darley made his debut on the highest level, playing a total of seven matches for the club from Belo Horizonte. On 13 December 2007, Darley had a successful trial period at the Dutch Eredivisie club Feyenoord. One month later, Feyenoord officially announced the arrival of the goalkeeper.\n\n\n===Darley Ramon Torres (born 15 December 1989 in Pedro Leopoldo), commonly known as Darley, is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Botafogo-SP, on loan from Tombense.Darley Ramon Torres (born 15 December 1989), commonly known as Darley, is a Brazilian footballer. He currently plays as a goalkeeper for Mirassol.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nDarley was born in Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, Brazil.\n\n\n== Club career ==\n\n\n=== Atlético Mineiro (2007) ===\nDarley started his professional career at Atlético Mineiro. At the age of 17, Darley made his debut on the highest level, playing a total of seven matches for the club from Belo Horizonte. On 13 December 2007, Darley had a successful trial period at the Dutch Eredivisie club Feyenoord. One month later, Feyenoord officially announced the arrival of the goalkeeper.\n\n\n=== Feyenoord (2007–2012) ===\nOn 19 February 2008, Darley signed a four-and-a-half-year contract with Feyenoord. To slowly adapt to a new culture and lifestyle, Darley", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Chico Xavier", "paragraph_text": " romances and novels, Portuguese literature, poetry, and science, as well as thousands of letters intended to inform, console and uplift the families of deceased persons during his psychographic sessions. His books sold an estimated 50 million copies and the revenue generated by it was totally channeled into charity work.\nXavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (Chico is the Portuguese nickname for Francisco). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne.\nHe often mentioned he could not contact a deceased person unless the spirit was willing to be contacted. His appearances on TV talk shows in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped to establish Spiritism as one of the major religions professed in Brazil with more than 5 million followers. Despite his health problems he kept working up to his death, on June 30, 2002, in Uberaba. In 2010, a movie biography entitled Chico Xavier was released in Brazil. Directed by Daniel Filho, the film dramatized Xavier's life.\nOn October 3, 2012, the SBT television TV show O Maior BrasileiroXavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (\"Chico\" is the Portuguese nickname for \"Francisco\"). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne.ChXavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (\"Chico\" is the Portuguese nickname for \"Francisco\"). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne. 30, 2002), was a popular Brazilian philanthropist and spiritist medium. During a period of 60 years he wrote over 490 books and several thousand letters claiming to use a process known as \"psychography\". Books based on old letters and manuscripts were published posthumously, bringing the total number of books to 496.\nThe books written by Chico covered a vast range of topics from religion, philosophy, historical romances and novels, Portuguese literature, poetry, and science, as well as thousands of letters intended to inform, console and uplift the families of deceased persons during his psychographic sessions. His books sold an estimated 50 million copies and the revenue generated by it was totally channeled into charity work.\nXavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (Chico is the Portuguese nickname for Francisco). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne.\nHe often mentioned he could not contact a deceased person unless the spirit was willing to be contacted. His appearances on TV talk shows in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped to establish Spiritism as one of the major religions professed in Brazil with more than 5 million followers. Despite his health problems he kept working up to his death, on June 30, 2002, in Uberaba. In 2010, a movie biography entitled Chico Xavier was released in Brazil. Directed by Daniel Filho, the film dramatized Xavier's life.\nOn October 3, 2012, the SBT television TV show O Maior BrasileiroXavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (\"Chico\" is the Portuguese nickname for \"Francisco\"). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne.Chico Xavier (Portuguese: [��iku ��vi��]) or Francisco Cândido Xavier, born Francisco de Paula Cândido ([f��sisku d��i ��pawl�� k��d��idu], April 2, 1910 – June 30, 2002), was a popular Brazilian philanthropist and spiritist medium. During a period of 60 years he wrote over 490 books and several thousand letters claiming to use a process known as \"psychography\". Books based on old letters and manuscripts were published posthumously, bringing the total number of books to 496.\nThe books written by Chico covered a vast range of topics from religion, philosophy, historical romances and novels, Portuguese literature, poetry, and science, as well as thousands of letters intended to inform, console and uplift the families of deceased persons during his psychographic sessions. His books sold an estimated 50 million copies and the revenue generated by it was totally channeled into charity work.\nXavier was born in the city of Pedro Leopoldo, State of Minas Gerais and is popularly known as \"Chico Xavier\" (Chico is the Portuguese nickname for Francisco). Xavier called his spiritual guide Emmanuel, who according to Xavier, lived in ancient Rome as Senator Publius Lentulus, was reincarnated in Spain as Father Damien, and later as a professor at the Sorbonne.\nHe often mentioned he could not contact a deceased person unless the spirit was willing to be contacted. His appearances on TV talk shows in the late 1960s and early 1970s helped to establish Spiritism as one of the major religions professed in Brazil with more than 5 million followers. Despite his health problems he kept working up to his death, on June 30, 2002, in Uberaba. In 2010, a movie biography entitled Chico Xavier was released in Brazil. Directed by Daniel Filho, the film dramatized Xavier's life.\nOn October 3, 2012, the SBT television TV show O Maior Brasileiro de Todos os Tempos named Chico Xavier \"The Greatest Brazilian of all time\", based on a viewer-supported survey.\nXavier has been accused of fraud regarding his claimed abilities, with critics questioning the authenticity of his prolific psychographic output.\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Childhood ===\nFrancisco was born to João Cândido Xavier, a lottery ticket vendor, and Maria João de Deus, a Catholic housewife. His mediumistic abilities, as recounted by biographers, manifested early, becoming apparent when he was just four years old. During a conversation his father had about pregnancy, Francisco began to articulate detailed scientific facts, claiming he could hear and see spirits. Tragically, he lost his mother at the age of five but maintained that he communicated with her spirit for several years afterward. This claim led many to regard him as mentally unstable for a significant part of his life.\nHis father remarried Cidália Batista, and she insisted that he bring together all nine of his children. At this time, Francisco was seven years old. The newly formed family expanded further, with the couple having six more children. Francisco was enrolled in public school, but it was during this period that he reported the cessation of communication with his", "is_supporting": true } ]	In which administrative territorial unit is the birthplace of Darley Ramon Torres situated?	[ { "id": 829358, "question": "Darley Ramon Torres >> place of birth", "answer": "Pedro Leopoldo", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 754719, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Minas Gerais", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]	Minas Gerais	[]	true	What administrative territorial entity does Darley Ramon Torres's place of birth located?
2hop__20536_96912	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Adam Smith Prize", "paragraph_text": "unliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on income tax.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence George Scott Pigou, an army officer, and his wife Nora Biddel Frances Sophia, daughter of Sir John Lees, 3rd Baronet. He won a scholarship to Harrow School,The Adam Smith Prize are two prizes for best performance in the Part IIB Economics Tripos examinations and dissertation at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England. Previously the prize, established in 1891 and named after Adam Smith, was awarded triennially for best submitted essay on a subject of the writer's choice. of economics, particularly welfare economics, but also included business cycle theory, unemployment, public finance, index numbers, and measurement of national output. His reputation was affected adversely by influential economic writers who used his work as the basis on which to define their own opposing views. He reluctantly served on several public committees, including the Cunliffe Committee and the 1919 Royal Commission on income tax.\n\n\n== Early life and education ==\nPigou was born at Ryde on the Isle of Wight, the son of Clarence George Scott Pigou, an army officer, and his wife Nora Biddel Frances Sophia, daughter of Sir John Lees, 3rd Baronet. He won a scholarship to Harrow School, where he was in Newlands house and became the first modern head of school. The school's economics society is named The Pigou Society in his honour. In 1896 he was admitted as a history scholar to King's College, Cambridge, where he first read history under Oscar Browning. He won the Chancellor's Gold Medal for English Verse in 1899, and the Cobden (1901), Burney (1901), and Adam Smith Prizes (1903), and made his mark in the Cambridge Union Society, of which he was President in 1900. He came to economics through the study of philosophy and ethics under the Moral Science Tripos. He studied economics under Alfred Marshall, whom he later succeeded as professor of political economy. His first and unsuccessful attempt at a fellowship of King's was a thesis on \"Browning as", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "British Empire", "paragraph_text": ", Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. It pursued trade concessions in China and Japan, and territory in Southeast Asia. The \"Great Game\" and \"Scramble for Africa\" also ensued. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade, and of its oceans, meant that it effectively controlled the economies of, and readily enforced its interests in, many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. It also came to dominate the Middle East. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were formally reclassified as Dominions by the 1920s. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military, economic and colonial tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power.\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast AsiaThe loss of such a large portion of British America, at the time Britain's most populous overseas possession, is seen by some historians as the event defining the transition between the \"first\" and \"second\" empires, in which Britain shifted its attention away from the Americas to Asia, the Pacific and later Africa. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, published in 1776, had argued that colonies were redundant, and that free trade should replace the old mercantilist policies that had characterised the first period of colonial expansion, dating back to the protectionism of Spain and Portugal. The growth of trade between the newly independent United States and Britain after 1783 seemed to confirm Smith's view that political control was not necessary for economic success. the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America. Britain became a major power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.\nThe American War of Independence resulted in Britain losing some of its oldest and most populous colonies in North America by 1783. While retaining control of British North America (now Canada) and territories in and near the Caribbean in the British West Indies, British colonial expansion turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. It pursued trade concessions in China and Japan, and territory in Southeast Asia. The \"Great Game\" and \"Scramble for Africa\" also ensued. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later described as Pax Britannica (Latin for \"British Peace\"). Alongside the formal control that Britain exerted over its colonies, its dominance of much of world trade, and of its oceans, meant that it effectively controlled the economies of, and readily enforced its interests in, many regions, such as Asia and Latin America. It also came to dominate the Middle East. Increasing degrees of autonomy were granted to its white settler colonies, some of which were formally reclassified as Dominions by the 1920s. By the start of the 20th century, Germany and the United States had begun to challenge Britain's economic lead. Military, economic and colonial tensions between Britain and Germany were major causes of the First World War, during which Britain relied heavily on its empire. The conflict placed enormous strain on its military, financial, and manpower resources. Although the empire achieved its largest territorial extent immediately after the First World War, Britain was no longer the world's preeminent industrial or military power.\nIn the Second World War, Britain's colonies in East Asia and Southeast Asia were occupied by the Empire of Japan. Despite the final victory of Britain and its allies, the damage to British prestige and the British economy helped accelerate the decline of the empire. India, Britain's most valuable and populous possession, achieved independence in 1947 as part of a larger decolonisation movement, in which Britain granted independence to most territories of the empire. The Suez Crisis of 1956 confirmed Britain's decline as a global power, and the handover of Hong Kong to China on 1 July 1997 symbolised for many the end of the British Empire, though fourteen overseas territories that are remnants of the empire remain under British sovereignty. After independence, many former British colonies, along with most of the dominions, joined the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. Fifteen of these, including the United Kingdom, retain the same person as monarch, currently King Charles III.\n\n\n== Origins (1497–1583) ==\n\nThe foundations of the British Empire were laid when England and Scotland were separate kingdoms. In 1496, King Henry VII of England, following the successes of Spain and Portugal in overseas exploration, commissioned John Cabot to lead an expedition to discover a northwest passage to Asia via the North Atlantic. Cabot sailed in 1497, five years after the first voyage of Christopher Columbus, and made landfall on the coast of Newfoundland. He believed he had reached Asia, and there was no attempt to found a colony. Cabot led another voyage to the Americas the following year but did not return; it is unknown what happened to his ships.\nNo further attempts to establish English colonies in the Americas were madeAt the end of the 16th century, England and the Netherlands began to challenge Portugal's monopoly of trade with Asia, forming private joint-stock companies to finance the voyages—the English, later British, East India Company and the Dutch East India Company, chartered in 1600 and 1602 respectively. The primary aim of these companies was to tap into the lucrative spice trade, an effort focused mainly on two regions; the East Indies archipelago, and an important hub in the trade network, India. There, they competed for trade supremacy with Portugal and with each other. Although England ultimately eclipsed the Netherlands as a colonial power, in the short term the Netherlands' more advanced financial system and the three Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th century left it with a stronger position in Asia. Hostilities ceased after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 when the Dutch William of Orange ascended the English throne, bringing peace between the Netherlands and England. A deal between the two nations left the spice trade of the East Indies archipelago to the Netherlands and the textiles industry of India to England, but textiles soon overtook spices in terms of profitability, and by 1720, in terms of sales, the British company had overtaken the Dutch.The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. It began with the overseas possessions and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was the largest empire in history and, for a century, was the foremost global power. By 1913, the British Empire held sway over 412 million people, 23 percent of the world population at the time, and by 1920, it covered 35.5 million km2 (13.7 million sq mi), 24 per cent of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its constitutional, legal, linguistic, and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was described as \"the empire on which the sun never sets\", as the sun was always shining on at least one of its territories.\nDuring the Age of Discovery in the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal and Spain pioneered European exploration of the globe, and in the process established large overseas empires. Envious of the great wealth these empires generated, England, France, and the Netherlands began to establish colonies and trade networks of their own in the Americas and Asia. A series of wars in the 17th and 18th centuries with the Netherlands and France left England (Britain, following the 1707 Act of Union with Scotland) the dominant colonial power in North America. Britain became a major power in the Indian subcontinent after the East India Company's conquest of Mughal Bengal at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.\nThe American War of Independence resulted in Britain losing some of its oldest and most populous colonies in North America by 1783. While retaining control of British North America (now Canada) and territories in and near the Caribbean in the British West Indies, British colonial expansion turned towards Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. After the defeat of France in the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815), Britain emerged as the principal naval and imperial power of the 19th century and expanded its imperial holdings. It pursued trade concessions in China and Japan, and territory in Southeast Asia. The \"Great Game\" and \"Scramble for Africa\" also ensued. The period of relative peace (1815–1914) during which the British Empire became the global hegemon was later", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the issuer of the award named in honor of the individual who advocated for the irrelevance of colonies?	[ { "id": 20536, "question": "Who argued that colonies were redundant?", "answer": "Adam Smith", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 96912, "question": "Who gives out the #1 Prize award?", "answer": "University of Cambridge", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]	University of Cambridge	[ "Cambridge" ]	true	Who gives out the award named after the person who argued that colonies were redundant?
2hop__753260_71701	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Twenty-First Army (Japan)", "paragraph_text": " up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.\nThe Japanese 21st Army was disbanded on February 9, 1940. Its command staff joined the staff of the Japanese Southern China Area Army, and its divisions were reassigned to other areas.\n\n\n== List of Commanders ==\n\n\n=== Commanding officer ===\n\n\n=== Chief of Staff ===\n\n\n== Organization (as of February 9, 1940) ==\n21st Army \n\n5th Infantry Division\n9th Infantry Brigade\n11th Infantry Regiment\n41st Infantry Regiment\n21st Infantry Brigade\n21st Infantry Regiment\n42nd Infantry Regiment\n5th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n5th Cavalry Regiment\n5th Engineer Regiment\n5th Transport Regiment\n18th Infantry Division\n23rd Infantry Brigade\n55th Infantry Regiment\n56th Infantry Regiment\n35th Infantry Brigade\n114th Infantry Regiment\n124th Infantry Regiment\n22nd Cavalry Battalion\n18th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n12th Military Engineer Regiment\n12th Transport Regiment\n38th Infantry Division\n228th Infantry Regiment\n229th Infantry Regiment\n230th Infantry Regiment\n104th Infantry Division\n107th Infantry Brigade\n108th Infantry Regiment\n170th Infantry Regiment\n132nd Infantry Brigade\n137th Infantry Regiment\n161st Infantry Regiment\n104th Field Artillery Regiment\n104th Cavalry Regiment\n104th Engineer Regiment\n104th Transport Regiment\n106th Infantry Division\n111th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n10th Independent Mountain Artillery Regiment\n15th Independent Military Engineer Regiment\n\n\n== References ==\nDorn, Frank (1974). The Sino-Japanese War, 1937-41: From Marco Polo Bridge to Pearl Harbor. MacMillan. ISBN 0-02-532200-1.\nMadej, Victor (1981). Japanese Armed Forces Order of Battle, 1937-1945. Game Publishing Company. ASIN: B000L4CYWW.\n\n\n== External links ==\nWendel, Marcus. \"Axis History Factbook\". Japanese Twenty-First Army.The Japanese 21st Army (第21��, Dai-nijyūichi gun) was an army of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Japanese 21st Army was formed on September 19, 1938 under the Imperial General Headquarters. It was transferred to the control of the China Expeditionary Army on September 23, 1939 and assigned the primary role in the Canton Operation (the invasion of Guangdong Province in southern China), together with the Imperial Japanese Navy’s 5th Fleet.\nOn October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.\nThe Japanese 21st Army was disbanded on February 9, 1940. Its command staff joined the staff of the Japanese Southern China Area Army, and its divisions were reassigned to other areas.\n\n\n== List of Commanders ==\n\n\n=== Commanding officer ===\n\n\n=== Chief of Staff ===\n\n\n== Organization (as of February 9, 1940) ==\n21st Army \n\n5th Infantry Division\n9th Infantry Brigade\n11th Infantry Regiment\n41st Infantry Regiment\n21st Infantry Brigade\n21st Infantry Regiment\n42nd Infantry Regiment\n5th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n5th Cavalry Regiment\n5th Engineer Regiment\n5th Transport Regiment\n18th Infantry Division\n23rd Infantry Brigade\n55th Infantry Regiment\n56th Infantry Regiment\n35th Infantry Brigade\n114th Infantry Regiment\n124th Infantry Regiment\n22nd Cavalry Battalion\n18th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n12th Military Engineer Regiment\n12th Transport Regiment\n38th Infantry Division\n228th InfantryOn October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control. and assigned the primary role in the Canton Operation (the invasion of Guangdong Province in southern China), together with the Imperial Japanese Navy’s 5th Fleet.\nOn October 12, the 18th and 104th Divisions landed, followed by command units the following day. By October 21, the provincial capital of Guangzhou was under Japanese control. The IJA 5th Division continued to advance up the Pearl River and by November 5 had taken the city of Foshan. By the end of November, the entire province was under Japanese control.\nThe Japanese 21st Army was disbanded on February 9, 1940. Its command staff joined the staff of the Japanese Southern China Area Army, and its divisions were reassigned to other areas.\n\n\n== List of Commanders ==\n\n\n=== Commanding officer ===\n\n\n=== Chief of Staff ===\n\n\n== Organization (as of February 9, 1940) ==\n21st Army \n\n5th Infantry Division\n9th Infantry Brigade\n11th Infantry Regiment\n41st Infantry Regiment\n21st Infantry Brigade\n21st Infantry Regiment\n42nd Infantry Regiment\n5th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n5th Cavalry Regiment\n5th Engineer Regiment\n5th Transport Regiment\n18th Infantry Division\n23rd Infantry Brigade\n55th Infantry Regiment\n56th Infantry Regiment\n35th Infantry Brigade\n114th Infantry Regiment\n124th Infantry Regiment\n22nd Cavalry Battalion\n18th Mountain Artillery Regiment\n12th Military Engineer Regiment\n12th Transport Regiment\n38th Infantry Division\n228", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Liang Jiahong", "paragraph_text": "100 metres relay event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, he won the relay gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games in 2009. He won the relay silver medal with China at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships later that year. He was one of the 2012 Olympic Chinese men's 4 × 100 m team.\nHis personal best time is 10.31 seconds, achieved in May 2010 in Zhaoqing. In the 200 metres he has a 20.83 seconds personal best, achieved in April 2008 in Hangzhou.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nTeam China 2008Liang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.\nHe finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. At the 2007 Asian Championships he won a bronze medal in the relay. He was an unused reserve runner in the 4 x 100 metres relay event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, he won the relay gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games in 2009. He won the relay silver medal with China at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships later that year. He was one of the 2012 OlympicLiang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.LLiang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.He finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. At the 2007 Asian Championships he won a bronze medal in the relay. He was an unused reserve runner in the 4 x 100 metres relay event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, he won the relay gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games in 2009. He won the relay silver medal with China at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships later that year. He was one of the 2012 Olympic Chinese men's 4 × 100 m team.\nHis personal best time is 10.31 seconds, achieved in May 2010 in Zhaoqing. In the 200 metres he has a 20.83 seconds personal best, achieved in April 2008 in Hangzhou.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nTeam China 2008Liang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.\nHe finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. At the 2007 Asian Championships he won a bronze medal in the relay. He was an unused reserve runner in the 4 x 100 metres relay event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, he won the relay gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games in 2009. He won the relay silver medal with China at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships later that year. He was one of the 2012 OlympicLiang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.Liang Jiahong (born 6 March 1988 in Longjiang, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong) is a Chinese sprinter who specializes in the 100 metres.\nHe finished fifth at the 2006 World Junior Championships. At the 2007 Asian Championships he won a bronze medal in the relay. He was an unused reserve runner in the 4 x 100 metres relay event at the 2008 Summer Olympics. However, he won the relay gold medal at the 11th Chinese National Games in 2009. He won the relay silver medal with China at the 2009 Asian Athletics Championships later that year. He was one of the 2012 Olympic Chinese", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the Japanese arrive at Liang Jiahong's birthplace and other parts of Guangdong?	[ { "id": 753260, "question": "Liang Jiahong >> place of birth", "answer": "Foshan", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 71701, "question": "what year did the japanese get to #1 and the rest of guangdong province", "answer": "November 5", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	November 5	[]	true	When did the Japanese get to Liang Jiahong's birthplace and the rest of Guangdong?
2hop__88834_425488	[ { "idx": 8, "title": "Return to Nim's Island", "paragraph_text": " of Nim's Island, the island faces a new challenge. The operators of the ship Buccaneer have gotten permission to build a pirate resort on the island, and 14-year-old Nim (Bindi Irwin) and her father pursue separate plans to stop them. Meanwhile, a city boy named Edmund (Toby Wallace), who has met Nim once before and decided to see her again, has run away from home to the island, inadvertently bringing poachers with him. With her father, Jack Rusoe (Matthew Lillard) away on the mainland, Nim must learn to work with Edmund in order to save the island from the poachers.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe\nToby Wallace as Edmund\nJohn Waters as Booker\nMatthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe\nJack Pearson as Ben\nSebastian Gregory as Frankie\nNathan Derrick as Felix\nBJ and Friday as Selkie\nPumpkin as Fred\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was shot in the Gold Coast, Australia. It was produced by Walden Media and Arc Entertainment in the Walden Family Theater film series on the Hallmark Channel. Return To Nim's Island premiered on 15 March 2013, followed by the DVD release at Walmart on 19 March. It was released in movie theatres in Australia on 4 April 2013.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nJim Schembri of 3AW rated it 3 out of 5 and wrote: \"This message-driven film is perfectly fine for kids around 10, though it is a little light on humour. Adults accompanying said kids, though, are strongly advised not to think too hard as the predictable tale unfolds.\"\nLouise Keller of Urban Cinefile praised the \"inspired casting of Bindi Irwin\" calling her \"a natural in the role\".\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nReturn to Nim's Island at IMDbReturn to Nim's Island is a 2013 Australian adventure-fantasy film directed by Brendan Maher and starring Bindi Irwin, Matthew Lillard, Toby Wallace and John Waters. It premiered on the Walden Family Theater film series on the Hallmark Channel.\nThe story is based on the book Nim at Sea by Wendy Orr. It is the sequel to the 2008 film Nim's Island.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThree years after the events of Nim's Island, the island faces a new challenge. The operators of the ship Buccaneer have gotten permission to build a pirate resort on the island, and 14-year-old Nim (Bindi Irwin) and her father pursue separate plans to stop them. Meanwhile, a city boy named Edmund (Toby Wallace), who has met Nim once before and decided to see her again, has run away from home to the island, inadvertently bringing poachers with him. With her father, Jack Rusoe (Matthew Lillard) away on the mainland, Nim must learn to work with Edmund in order to save the island from the poachers.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe\nToby Wallace as Edmund\nJohn Waters as Booker\nMatthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe\nJack Pearson as Ben\nSebastian Gregory as Frankie\nNathan Derrick as Felix\nBJ and Friday as Selkie\nPumpkin as Fred\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was shot in the Gold Coast, Australia. It was produced by Walden Media and Arc Entertainment in the Walden Family Theater film series on the Hallmark Channel. Return To Nim's Island premiered on 15 March 2013, followed by the DVD release at Walmart on 19 March. It was released in movie theatres in Australia on 4 April 2013.\n\n\n== Reception ==\nJim Schembri of 3AW rated it 3 out of 5 and wrote: \"This message-driven film is perfectly fine for kids around 10, though it is a little light on humour. Adults accompanying said kids, though, are strongly advised not to think too hard as the predictable tale unfolds.\"\nLouise Keller of Urban Cinefile praised the \"inspired casting of Bindi Irwin\" calling her \"a natural in the role\".\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\nBindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe Matthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe Toby Wallace as Edmund John Waters as Booker BJ and Friday as Selkie Pumpkin as Fred Nathan Derrick as Felix Jack Pearson as Ben Sebastian Gregory as FrankieBindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe Matthew Lillard as Jack Rusoe Toby Wallace as Edmund John Waters as Booker BJ and Friday as Selkie Pumpkin as Fred Nathan Derrick as Felix Jack Pearson as Ben Sebastian Gregory as Frankie film series on the Hallmark Channel.\nThe story is based on the book Nim at Sea by Wendy Orr. It is the sequel to the 2008 film Nim's Island.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThree years after the events of Nim's Island, the island faces a new challenge. The operators of the ship Buccaneer have gotten permission to build a pirate resort on the island, and 14-year-old Nim (Bindi Irwin) and her father pursue separate plans to stop them. Meanwhile, a city boy named Edmund (Toby Wallace), who has met Nim once before and decided to see her again, has run away from home to the island, inadvertently bringing poachers with him. With her father, Jack Rusoe (Matthew Lillard) away on the mainland, Nim must learn to work with Edmund in order to save the island from the poachers.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBindi Irwin as Nim Rusoe\nToby Wallace as", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Bindi the Jungle Girl", "paragraph_text": " (2008) ===\n\n\n== Related special ==\nThe series was introduced along withBindi the Jungle Girl is an Australian children's television nature documentary series, presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin. The series is produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The first series was scheduled for 26 episodes, and ran from 9 June 2007 until 31 May 2008 on American networks Discovery Kids and simulcast on Animal Planet and on ABC1 in Australia from 18 July 2007. Also appearing on the show are Bindi's mother Terri, her younger brother Robert, and Steve Irwin's \"best mate\" and director of Australia Zoo, Wes Mannion. Bindi performs songs and dances with a group called the Crocmen, and answers questions from viewers in the \"Bindi's Blog\" segment.BBindi the Jungle Girl is an Australian children's television nature documentary series, presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin. The series is produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The first series was scheduled for 26 episodes, and ran from 9 June 2007 until 31 May 2008 on American networks Discovery Kids and simulcast on Animal Planet and on ABC1 in Australia from 18 July 2007. Also appearing on the show are Bindi's mother Terri, her younger brother Robert, and Steve Irwin's \"best mate\" and director of Australia Zoo, Wes Mannion. Bindi performs songs and dances with a group called the Crocmen, and answers questions from viewers in the \"Bindi's Blog\" segment. in 2006. The second series was produced after his death, but he appears in archive footage in a segment named \"Croc Hunter Unplugged\", generally spoken of transcendentally in the present tense.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nBindi Sue Irwin and her late father, \"Crocodile Hunter\" Steve Irwin, try to spread the idea of conservation by teaching the world about many different types of animals and explain why they are important.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBindi Irwin as herself\nTerri Irwin as herself\nRobert Irwin as himself\nSteve Irwin as himself\nMacaila Fernandes as Girl with Cat\nDani Hagan as Hamster Care Educator\nJohnny Maio as Boy with Guinea Pigs\n\n\n== Episodes ==\n\n\n=== Series overview ===\n\n\n=== Season 1 (2007-08) ===\n\n\n=== Season 2 (2008) ===\n\n\n== Related special ==\nThe series was introduced along withBindi the Jungle Girl is an Australian children's television nature documentary series, presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin. The series is produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The first series was scheduled for 26 episodes, and ran from 9 June 2007 until 31 May 2008 on American networks Discovery Kids and simulcast on Animal Planet and on ABC1 in Australia from 18 July 2007. Also appearing on the show are Bindi's mother Terri, her younger brother Robert, and Steve Irwin's \"best mate\" and director of Australia Zoo, Wes Mannion. Bindi performs songs and dances with a group called the Crocmen, and answers questions from viewers in the \"Bindi's Blog\" segment.Bindi the Jungle Girl is a children's television nature documentary series, presented by Bindi Irwin, the daughter of Steve and Terri Irwin. The series was produced and shot in Queensland by The Best Picture Show Company for Discovery Kids and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.\nThe series aired from 9 June 2007 until 20 December 2008 on American networks Discovery Kids and simulcast on Animal Planet and on ABC1 in Australia from 18 July 2007.\nThe series also features Bindi's mother Terri, her younger brother Robert, and Steve Irwin's \"best mate\" and director of Australia Zoo, Wes Mannion. Bindi performs songs and dances with a group called the Crocmen, and answers questions from viewers in the \"Bindi's Blog\" segment.\nSteve Irwin appeared in several episodes filmed prior to his death in 2006. The second series was produced after his death, but he appears in archive", "is_supporting": true } ]	What's the name of the woman who gave birth to the individual who portrays Nim in the film, Return to Nim's Island?	[ { "id": 88834, "question": "who plays nim in return to nim's island", "answer": "Bindi Irwin", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 425488, "question": "#1 >> mother", "answer": "Terri Irwin", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]	Terri Irwin	[]	true	Who is the mother of the person who plays Nim in Return to Nim's Island?
2hop__58168_1783	[ { "idx": 0, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": "New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas on the mainland, absorbing territory from Westchester County into New York County in 1874 (West Bronx) and 1895 (East Bronx). During the 1898 consolidation, this territory was organized as the Borough of the Bronx, though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term borough was adopted in 1898 to describe a form of governmental administration for each of the five fundamental constituent parts of the newly consolidated city. Under the 1898 City Charter adopted by the New York State Legislature, a borough is a municipal corporation that is created when a county is merged with populated areas within it. The limited powers of the boroughs are inferior to the authority of the government of New York City, contrasting significantly with the powers of boroughs as that term is used in Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, where a borough is an independent level of government, as well as with borough forms used in other states and in Greater London.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nNew York City is often referred to collectively as the five boroughs, which can unambiguously refer to the city proper as a whole, avoiding confusion with any particular borough or with the Greater New YorkNew York City traces its roots to its 1624 founding as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664. New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the country's largest city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a globally recognized symbol of the United States and its democracy.The boroughs of New York City are the five major governmental districts that compose New York City. The boroughs are the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of the State of New York: The Bronx", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Unemployment in the United States", "paragraph_text": " September 2017. Both of these rates fell steadily from 2010 to 2019; the U-3 rate was below the November 2007 level that preceded the Great Recession by November 2016, while the U-6 rate did not fully recover until August 2017.\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes a monthly \"Employment Situation Summary\" with key statistics and commentary. As of June 2018, approximately 128.6 million people in the United States have found full-time work (at least 35 hours a week in total), while 27.0 million worked part-time. There were 4.7 million working part-time for economic reasons, meaning they wanted but could not find full-time work, the lowest level since January 2008.\nThe vast majority of persons outside the civilian labor force (age 16+) are there by choice. The BLS reported that in July 2018, there were 94.1 million persons age 16+ outside the labor force. Of these, 88.6 million (94%) did not want a job while 5.5 million (6%) wanted a job. Key reasons persons age 16+ are outside the labor force include retired, disabled or illness, attending school, and caregiving. The Congressional Budget Office reported that as of December 2017, the primary reason for men age 25–54 to be outside the labor force was illness/disability (50% or 3.5 million), while the primary reason for women was due to family care-giving (60% or 9.6 million).\nThe Congressional Budget Office estimated thatDuring the 1940s, the U.S Department of Labor, specifically the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), began collecting employment information via monthly household surveys. Other data series are available back to 1912. The unemployment rate has varied from as low as 1% during World War I to as high as 25% during the Great Depression. More recently, it reached peaks of 10.8% in November 1982 and 10.0% in October 2009. Unemployment tends to rise during recessions and fall during expansions. From 1948 to 2015, unemployment averaged about 5.8%. There is always some unemployment, with persons changing jobs and new entrants to the labor force searching for jobs. This is referred to as frictional unemployment. For this reason, the Federal Reserve targets the natural rate of unemployment or NAIRU, which was around 5% in 2015. A rate of unemployment below this level would be consistent with rising inflation in theory, as a shortage of workers would bid wages (and thus prices) upward.UnDuring the 1940s, the U.S Department of Labor, specifically the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), began collecting employment information via monthly household surveys. Other data series are available back to 1912. The unemployment rate has varied from as low as 1% during World War I to as high as 25% during the Great Depression. More recently, it reached peaks of 10.8% in November 1982 and 10.0% in October 2009. Unemployment tends to rise during recessions and fall during expansions. From 1948 to 2015, unemployment averaged about 5.8%. There is always some unemployment, with persons changing jobs and new entrants to the labor force searching for jobs. This is referred to as frictional unemployment. For this reason, the Federal Reserve targets the natural rate of unemployment or NAIRU, which was around 5% in 2015. A rate of unemployment below this level would be consistent with rising inflation in theory, as a shortage of workers would bid wages (and thus prices) upward. job creation is the most important government priority, with not sending jobs overseas the primary solution.\nUnemployment can be measured in several ways. A person is defined as unemployed in the United States if they are jobless, but have looked for work in the last four weeks and are available for work. People who are neither employed nor defined as unemployed are not included in the labor force calculation. For example, as of September 2017, the unemployment rate (formally defined as the \"U-3\" rate) in the United States was 4.2% representing 6.8 million unemployed people. The unemployment rate was calculated by dividing the number of unemployed by the number in the civilian labor force (age 16+, non-military and not incarcerated) of approximately 159.6 million people, relative to a U.S. population of approximately 326 million people. The historical average unemployment rate (January 1948-September 2020) is 5.8%. The government's broader U-6 unemployment rate, which includes the part-time underemployed was 8.3% in September 2017. Both of these rates fell steadily from 2010 to 2019; the U-3 rate was below the November 2007 level that preceded the Great Recession by November 2016, while the U-6 rate did not fully recover until August 2017.\nThe U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes a monthly \"Employment Situation Summary\" with key statistics and commentary. As of June 2018, approximately 128.6 million people in the United States have found full-time work (at least 35 hours a week in total), while 27.0 million worked part-time. There were 4.7 million working part-time for economic reasons, meaning they wanted but could not find full-time work, the lowest level since January 2008.\nThe vast majority of persons outside the civilian labor force (age 16+) are there by choice. The BLS reported that in July 2018, there were 94.1 million persons age 16+ outside the labor force. Of these, 88.6 million (94%) did not want a job while 5.5 million (6%) wanted a job. Key reasons persons age 16+ are outside the labor force include retired, disabled or illness, attending school, and caregiving. The Congressional Budget Office reported that as of December 2017, the primary reason for men age 25–54 to be outside the labor force was illness/disability (50% or 3.5 million), while the primary reason for women was due to family care-giving (60% or 9", "is_supporting": true } ]	During the period of the highest unemployment rate in the United States, who held the office of the New York mayor?	[ { "id": 58168, "question": "when did the us have the highest unemployment rate", "answer": "the Great Depression", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 1783, "question": "Who was mayor of New York during #1 ?", "answer": "Fiorello La Guardia", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]	Fiorello La Guardia	[]	true	Who was the mayor of New York during the time when the US had its highest unemployment rate?
2hop__676045_7292	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": "–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks toIn its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations. is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "A Smooth Jazz Christmas", "paragraph_text": "Bridgette Bryant - Background vocal\nPaul Jackson Jr. - Guitar\nBrian Kilgore - Percussion\nNick Lane - Tenor and Bass Trombone\nEsterlee Nicholson - Background vocal\nBill Sharpe - Bass\nSandy Simmons - Background vocal\nBrian Simpson - Keyboards, Piano\nStevo Théard - Drums\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==A Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Features include David Benoit, RickA Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Friends include David Benoit, Rick Braun, Kenny Loggins, Brenda Russell, and Peter White.AA Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Friends include David Benoit, Rick Braun, Kenny Loggins, Brenda Russell, and Peter White.== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nDave Koz - Saxophones\nDavid Benoit - Piano\nRick Braun - Trumpet, Flugelhorn\nKenny Loggins - Vocal\nBrenda Russell - Vocal\nPeter White - Acoustic Guitar, Accordion\nBridgette Bryant - Background vocal\nPaul Jackson Jr. - Guitar\nBrian Kilgore - Percussion\nNick Lane - Tenor and Bass Trombone\nEsterlee Nicholson - Background vocal\nBill Sharpe - Bass\nSandy Simmons - Background vocal\nBrian Simpson - Keyboards, Piano\nStevo Théard - Drums\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==A Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Features include David Benoit, RickA Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Friends include David Benoit, Rick Braun, Kenny Loggins, Brenda Russell, and Peter White.A Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Features include David Benoit, Rick Braun, Kenny Loggins, Brenda Russell, and Peter White.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nDave Koz - Saxophones\nDavid Benoit - Piano\nRick Braun - Trumpet, Flugelhorn\nKenny Loggins - Vocal\nBrenda Russell - Vocal\nPeter White - Acoustic Guitar, Accordion\nBridgette Bryant - Background vocal\nPaul Jackson Jr. - Guitar\nBrian Kilgore - Percussion\nNick Lane - Tenor and Bass Trombone\nEsterlee Nicholson - Background vocal\nBill Sharpe - Bass\nSandy Simmons - Background vocal\nBrian Simpson - Keyboards, Piano\nStevo Théard - Drums\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==A Smooth Jazz Christmas is the sixth studio album by saxophone player Dave Koz. Koz's second holiday album was released by Capitol Records on September 25, 2001. Features include David Benoit, Rick Braun, Kenny Loggins, Brenda Russell, and Peter White.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nDave K", "is_supporting": true } ]	Apart from Kenny G and the creator of A Smooth Jazz Christmas, which other musicians had their crossover hits broadcasted on smooth jazz radio channels?	[ { "id": 676045, "question": "A Smooth Jazz Christmas >> performer", "answer": "Dave Koz", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 7292, "question": "Along with Kenny G and #1 , what artist was featured on smooth jazz stations?", "answer": "George Benson", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	George Benson	[]	true	Besides Kenny G and the artist behind A Smooth Jazz Christmas, who else had crossover hits played on smooth jazz stations?
4hop1__152146_5274_458768_33677	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Sony Music", "paragraph_text": " in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an ESony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in 1938, was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, following ARC's acquisition by CBS. In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. In 1987, Sony Corporation of Japan bought the company, and in 1991, renamed it SME. It is the world's second largest recorded music company, after Universal Music Group., which was established in September 1995 as a joint-venture between Sony Music Entertainment Japan and Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan, but which in 2001 became a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Music Entertainment Japan. It was prominent in the early to mid '90s producing and licensing music for animated series such as Roujin Z from acclaimed Japanese comic artist Katsuhiro Otomo and Capcom's Street Fighter animated series.\nUntil March 2007, Sony Music Japan also had its own North American sublabel, Tofu Records. Releases of Sony Music Japan now appear on Columbia Records and/or Epic Records in North America.\nSony does not have the trademark rights to the Columbia name in Japan, so releases under Columbia Records from another country appears on Sony Records in Japan, but retains the usage of the \"walking eye\" logo. The Columbia name and trademark is controlled by Nippon Columbia, which was, in fact, the licensee for the American Columbia Records up until 1968, even though relations were officially severed as far back as World War II. Nippon Columbia also does not have direct relations with the British Columbia Graphophone Company (an EMI subsidiary), so the licensee for the British Columbia Graphophone Company was actually Toshiba Musical Industries.\nWith Sony Corporation of America's buyout of Bertelsmann's stake in Sony BMG, Sony Music Entertainment Japan stepped in to acquire outstanding shares of BMG Japan from Sony BMG, making it a wholly", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "The Right Stuff Records", "paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod MagazineThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== Selected artists on reissues ==\n\n\n== References ==The Right Stuff Records is an American reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California.\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies, boxed sets and compilations. The Right Stuff's repertoire was sourced from the various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Santa Monica, California", "paragraph_text": " was Victoria Reid, who was the daughter of the chief of the village. During the Spanish period, she was taken to Mission San Gabriel from her parents at the age of six.\n\n\n=== Spanish era ===\n\nThe first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Spanish: Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 U.S. Census population was 93,076. Santa Monica is a popular resort town, owing toSanta Monica has a bike action plan and recently launched a Bicycle sharing system in November 2015. The city is traversed by the Marvin Braude Bike Trail. Santa Monica has received the Bicycle Friendly Community Award (Bronze in 2009, Silver in 2013) by the League of American Bicyclists. Local bicycle advocacy organizations include Santa Monica Spoke, a local chapter of the Los Angeles County Bicycle Coalition. Santa Monica is thought to be one of the leaders for bicycle infrastructure and programming in Los Angeles County.[citation needed] Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Långa nätter", "paragraph_text": " jag hade dig förut\", a duet with Lars Winnerbäck.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Långa nätter is theLånga nätter is the debut album by singer-songwriter Melissa Horn, released April 30, 2008, on Sony Music Entertainment. It was produced by Lasse Englund and Jan Radesjö. The album features the singles \"Långa nätter\", \"En famn för mig\" and \"Som jag hade dig förut\", a duet with Lars Winnerbäck.", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the date of the latest Bicycle Friendly Community Award bestowed on the city that hosts the main office of the only organization bigger than the record label of Långa nätter?	[ { "id": 152146, "question": "What was the record label of Långa nätter?", "answer": "Sony Music Entertainment", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 5274, "question": "What company is the only group larger than #1 ?", "answer": "Universal Music Group.", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 458768, "question": "#2 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Santa Monica", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 33677, "question": "When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to #3 ?", "answer": "2013", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]	2013	[]	true	When was the most recent Bicycle Friendly Community Award given to the city where the headquarters of the only group larger than Långa nätter's record label is located?
2hop__2613_59409	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Song Cry", "paragraph_text": " \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different versesIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-ZIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses. studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different versesIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay - Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\"Song Cry\" is a song by American rapper Jay-Z and produced by Just Blaze. It was released on April 16, 2002. It was the fourth and final single from his sixth studio album The Blueprint and also appears on the 2001 live album Jay-Z: Unplugged.\n\"Song Cry\" was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male Rap Solo Performance but lost to \"Hot in Herre\" by Nelly. The song samples Bobby Glenn's \"Sounds Like a Love Song\".\n\n\n== Background and content ==\nIn an interview with Bill Maher, Jay-Z stated that this song was actually inspired by three different relationships he had in the past, and he wrote about his different experiences all together in different verses.\nThe song is a slow and quiet melodic rap ballad in which Jay-Z laments the break-up of an earlier relationship due to his own neglect and infidelity. Admitting that he is too prideful to publicly display his emotions (\"I can't see 'em coming down my eyes\"), Jay-Z forces the song to \"cry\" instead. This allows Jay-Z to mourn the break-up free of any damage to his masculine image as a street hustler. This furthers the notion that emotional vulnerability is a sign of weakness, especially within the Black community, as Black men in particular suppress vulnerability \"in order to survive.\"\n\n\n== Live performances ==\nThe live performance of \"Song Cry\" from Jay-Z's 2001 MTV Unplugged album features female vocalist Jaguar Wright singing a sample of \"Sounds Like a Love Song\" by Bobby Glenn, though Wright is not identified in the liner notes of the album.\nDuring his 2006 Water for Life Tour, Jay-Z performed \"Song Cry\" at the Royal Albert Hall, the venue's first ever hip hop show. American actress Gwyneth Paltrow did the chorus.\nThe song was also included on the set-lists of his all-stadium tours On the Run Tour in 2014 and OTR II in 2018, both with co-headliner and wife Beyoncé.\n\n\n== Credits and personnel ==\nThe credits for \"Song Cry\" are adapted from the liner notes of The Blueprint.\n\nStudio locations\nMastered at Masterdisk, New York City, New York.\nMixed and recorded at Baseline Studios,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Kanye West", "paragraph_text": " Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be includedCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.Vultures 1 is the debut studio album by the American hip hop supergroup ¥$, composed of the rapper Kanye West and the singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be included due to clearance issues. West and Ty Dolla Sign previewed tracks at the Vultures Rave listening party in December 2023, two months before holding numerous public events in Chicago, New York, and Milan. The album was initially distributed using the FUGA platform, allegedly in violation of FUGA's service agreement, and a withdrawal was made from streaming services on February 15, 2024. However, it was then re-distributed by Label Engine the same day. \nIn contrast to West's previous two albums, Jesus Is King (2019) and Donda (2021), Vultures 1 finds him forgoing religious themes and addressing his preceding controversies, as well as themes of money, relationships, sex, and fame. It also sees him returning to an explicit tracklist, with his previous three albums only featuring tracks with clean or censored lyrics. The cover art features West dressed in all-black with his hockey mask, joined by his partner Bianca Censori. The title track was issued as the album's lead single in November 2023, followed three months later by \"Talking / Once Again\" and \"Carnival\", the latter of which topped the US Billboard Hot 100. Music videos were produced for all of the singles, with a new version of \"VulturesOn March 30, 2015, it was announced that West is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, sixteen artist stakeholders (such as Rihanna, Beyoncé, Madonna, Chris Martin, Nicki Minaj and more) co-own Tidal, with the majority owning a 3% equity stake. The idea of having an all artist owned streaming service was created by those involved to adapt to the increased demand for streaming within the current music industry, and to rival other streaming services such as Spotify, which have been criticised for their low payout of royalties. \"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value\", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal. Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be includedCalifornia governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed the \"Donda West Law\", legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.Vultures 1 is the debut studio album by the American hip hop supergroup ¥$, composed of the rapper Kanye West and the singer Ty Dolla Sign. It was released independently by the former's YZY brand on February 10, 2024. Guest appearances include West's daughter North, India Love, Freddie Gibbs, YG, Quavo, Playboi Carti, Travis Scott, Bump J, Lil Durk, Rich the Kid and Chris Brown. Production was primarily handled by West, alongside the Legendary Traxster, 88-Keys, Camper, JPEGMafia, Timbaland, Swizz Beatz, Ojivolta, Chrishan, Anthony Kilhoffer, and others.\nWest and Ty Dolla Sign began recording the album with collaborators in Italy in October 2023, then relocated to Saudi Arabia for three months. The album sustained multiple delays and changes to the tracklist before release, following West's struggle to secure a distributor. The release was first teased throughout late 2023 under the placeholder title ¥$ and was set to be titled Vultures before being retitled to Vultures 1 as the first volume in an album series. The tracks \"Everybody\" and \"New Body\" were announced for the album, but could not be included due to clearance issues. West and Ty Dolla Sign previewed tracks at the Vultures Rave listening", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the source of inspiration for the song 'Song Cry' for the rapper who is the proprietor of Aspiro?	[ { "id": 2613, "question": "Which famous rapper bought Aspiro?", "answer": "Jay Z", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 59409, "question": "who was #1 talking about in song cry", "answer": "three different relationships he had in the past", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	three different relationships he had in the past	[]	true	The rapper who owns Aspiro was inspired by what when writing Song Cry?
4hop3__387712_132409_146285_35031	[ { "idx": 8, "title": "Alexander Golitzen", "paragraph_text": " the University of Washington, where he achieved a degree in architecture.\nHe started his art direction career in Los Angeles, as an assistant to Alexander Toluboff, an art director for MGM. He started working with Walter Wanger (a producer) in 1939 and they worked together for many movies. Starting in 1942, and continuing for the next 30 years, he became a unit art director, and later a supervising art director at Universal, overseeing dozens of productions.\nAlexander Golitzen earned an Oscar nomination for Foreign Correspondent (1940), and received three Oscars for Phantom of the Opera in 1943, Spartacus in 1960 and To Kill a Mockingbird in 1962.\nHe was also nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Sundown (1941), Arabian Nights (1942), The Climax (1944), Flower Drum Song (1961), That Touch of Mink (1962), Gambit (1966), Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), Sweet Charity (1969), Airport (1970), and Earthquake (1974). He served on the Academy's board of directors for several years.\nAlexander was married for 72 years to Frances, née Peters, who survived him. They had a daughter Cynthia, a son Peter, five grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.\n\n\n== See also ==\nArt Directors Guild Hall of Fame\n\n\n== External links ==\nAlexander Golitzen at IMDbPrince Alexander Golitzen (Golitsyn), (Moscow, February 28, 1908 – San Diego, July 26, 2005) was a Russian-born American production designer who oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies.\nBorn in Moscow in the princely Golitsyn family, Alexander Golitzen fled the country with his parents during the Russian Revolution. Travelling via Siberia and China, they arrived in Seattle, where Alexander graduated from high school. He then attended the University of Washington, where he achieved a degree in architecture.\nHe started his art direction career in Los Angeles, as an assistant to Alexander Toluboff, an art director for MGM. He started working with Walter Wanger (a producer) in 1939 and they worked together for many movies. Starting in 1942, and continuing for the next 30 years, he became a unit art director, and later a supervising art director at Universal, overseeing dozens of productions.\nAlexander Golitzen earned an Oscar nomination for Foreign Correspondent (1940), and received three Oscars for Phantom of the Opera in 1943, Spartacus in 1960 and To Kill a Mockingbird in 1962.\nHe was also nominated for an Academy Award for his work on Sundown (1941), Arabian Nights (1942), The Climax (1944), Flower Drum Song (1961), That Touch of Mink (1962), Gambit (1966), Thoroughly Modern Millie (1967), Sweet Charity (1969), Airport (1970), and Earthquake (1974). He served on the Academy's board of directors for several years.\nAlexander was married for 72 years to Frances, née Peters, who survived him. They had a daughter Cynthia, a son Peter, five grandchildren and five great-grandchildren.\n\n\n== See also ==\nArt Directors Guild Hall of Fame\n\n\n== External links ==\nAlexander Golitzen at IMDbPrince Alexander Golitzen (Golitsyn), (Moscow, February 28, 1908 – San Diego, July 26, 2005) was a RussianPrince Alexander Golitzen (Golitsyn), (Moscow, February 28, 1908San Diego, July 26, 2005) was a Russian-born American production designer who oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies.Prince Alexander Golitzen (Golitsyn), (Moscow, February 28, 1908 – San Diego, July 26, 2005) was a Russian-born American production designer who oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies.\nBorn in Moscow in the princely Golitsyn family, Alexander Golitzen fled the country with his parents during the Russian Revolution. Travelling via Siberia and China, they arrived in Seattle, where Alexander graduated from high school. He then attended the University of Washington, where he achieved a degree in architecturePrince Alexander Golitzen (Golitsyn), (Moscow, February 28, 1908San Diego, July 26, 2005) was a Russian-born American production designer who oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies. movies.\nBorn in Moscow in the princely Golitsyn family, Alexander Golitzen fled the country with his parents during the Russian Revolution. Travelling via Siberia and China, they arrived in Seattle, where Alexander graduated from high school. He then attended the University of Washington, where he achieved a degree in architecture.\nHe started his art direction career in Los Angeles, as an assistant to Alexander Toluboff, an art director for MGM. He started working with Walter Wanger (a producer) in 1939 and they worked together for many movies. Starting in 1942, and continuing for the next 30 years, he became a unit art director, and later a supervising art director at Universal, overseeing dozens of productions.\nAlexander Golitzen earned an Oscar nomination for Foreign Correspondent (1940), and received three Oscars for Phantom of the Opera in 1943, Spartacus in 196", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Papa Roach", "paragraph_text": "2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles,Papa Roach is an American rock band from Vacaville, California, formed in 1993. The original lineup consisted of lead vocalist Jacoby Shaddix, guitarist Jerry Horton, drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and trombonist Ben Luther. The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 2010s ===\n\n\n=== 2020s ===\n\n\n=== As featured artist ===\n\n\n=== Promotional singles ===\n\n\n== Other appearances ==\n\n\n== Videography ==\n\n\n=== Video albums ===\n\n\n=== Music videos ===\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial website\nPapa Roach at AllMusicAmerican rock band Papa Roach has released 11 studio albums, one live album, 10 extended plays, two compilation albums, 39 singles, and 53 music videos.\nThe band's first major-label release was the triple-platinum debut album Infest (2000). The group's success continued with their gold album Lovehatetragedy (2002), their platinum album Getting Away with Murder (2004), The Paramour Sessions (2006), Metamorphosis (2009), Time for Annihilation (2010), The Connection (2012), F.E.A.R. (2015), Crooked Teeth (2017) and Who Do You Trust? (2019). Their latest album Ego Trip was released on April 8, 2022.\n\n\n== Albums ==\n\n\n=== Studio albums ===\n\n\n=== Live albums ===\n\n\n=== Compilation albums ===\n\n\n== Extended plays ==\n\n\n== Singles ==\n\n\n=== As lead artist ===\n\n\n=== 2000s ===\n\n\n=== 201", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Jacoby Shaddix", "paragraph_text": "\", with the focus being described as \"to create a brand that represents the rock community and showcases their unique creative vision\".\n\n\n== Music career ==\n\n\n=== Papa Roach (1993–present) ===\n\nShaddix is the founding member of Papa Roach. He formed the band with former drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James, and guitarist Ben Luther, in 1993. Luther was replaced by currentShaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".Jacoby Dakota Shaddix (born July 28, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, and TV presenter. He is best known as a founding member and the continuous lead singer of the California-based rock band Papa Roach since the band's formation in 1993.\nShaddix served as the host of the MTV show Scarred for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".\nShaddix is one of the co-owners of a rock-inspired clothing line with designer Jeff Henry called \"Lovers Are Lunatics\", with the focus being described as \"to create a brand that represents the rock community and showcases their unique creative vision\".\n\n\n== Music career ==\n\n\n=== Papa Roach (1993–present) ===\n\nShaddix is the founding member of Papa Roach. He formed the band with former drummer Dave Buckner, bassist Will James,Shaddix served as the host of the MTV show \"Scarred\" for the entirety of the show's cycle, presenting both seasons and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\". and all 20 episodes of the show, which spanned from April 10 to September 18, 2007. Shaddix would ultimately leave the show due to touring demands with Papa Roach. The name of the show was based on the Papa Roach song \"Scars\".\nShaddix is one of the co-owners of a rock-inspired clothing line with", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "San Diego", "paragraph_text": " climate and extensive chaparral vegetation, similar to the rest of the western portion of Southern California. Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east, with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter. These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than the average in Southern California, while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east, which extendsThe city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2). The urban area of San Diego extends beyond the administrative city limits and had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the third-largest urban area in the state, after that of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and San Francisco metropolitan area. They, along with the Riverside–San Bernardino, form those metropolitan areas in California larger than the San Diego metropolitan area, with a total population of 3,095,313 at the 2010 census.", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the size ranking of the metropolis where Alexander Golitzen passed away, within the five biggest urban regions of the state where Jacoby Shaddix's band originated?	[ { "id": 387712, "question": "Jacoby Shaddix >> member of", "answer": "Papa Roach", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 132409, "question": "What city was #1 formed in?", "answer": "California", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 146285, "question": "In what place did Alexander Golitzen die?", "answer": "San Diego", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 35031, "question": "In the top five largest urban areas in #2 , where does #3 rank?", "answer": "third-largest", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]	third-largest	[]	true	Where does the city where Alexander Golitzen died rank in the top five largest urban areas of the state where the band that Jacoby Shaddix is a member of formed?
3hop1__857_846_7849	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Nanjing", "paragraph_text": " of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing immediate unconsciousness and rapid brain death.\nThis method was used to execute condemned Nazis under United States jurisdiction after the Nuremberg Trials, including Joachim von Ribbentrop and Ernst Kaltenbrunner. In the execution of Ribbentrop, historian Giles MacDonogh records that: \"The hangman botched the execution and the rope throttled the former foreign minister for 20 minutes before he expired.\" A Life magazine report on the execution merely says: \"The trap fell open and with a sound midway between a rumble and a crash, Ribbentrop disappeared. The rope quivered for a time, then stood tautly straight.\"\n\n\n===Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre..\nA rope is attached around the condemned's feet and routed through a pulley at the base of the pole.\nThe condemned is hoisted to the top of the pole by means of a sling running across the chest and under the armpits.\nA narrow-diameter noose is looped around the prisoner's neck, then secured to a hook mounted at the top of the pole.\nThe chest sling is released, and the prisoner is rapidly jerked downward by the assistant executioners via the foot rope.\nThe executioner stands on a stepped platform approximately 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) high beside the condemned. The executioner would place the heel of his hand beneath the prisoner's jaw to increase the force on the neck vertebrae at the end of the drop, then manually dislocate the condemned's neck by forcing the head to one side while the neck vertebrae were under traction.\nThis method was later also adopted by the successor states, most notably by Czechoslovakia, where the \"pole\" method was used as the single type of execution from 1918 until the abolition of capital punishment in 1990. Nazi war criminal Karl Hermann Frank, executed in 1946 in Prague, was among approximately 1,000 condemned people executed in this manner in Czechoslovakia.\n\n\n=== Standard drop ===\n\nThe standard drop involves a drop of between 4 and 6 feet (1.2–1.8 m) and came into use from 1866, when the scientific details were published by Irish doctor Samuel Haughton. Its use rapidly spread to English-speaking countries and those with judicial systems of English origin.\nIt was considered a humane improvement on the short drop because it was intended to be enough to break the person's neck, causing", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "abi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significantDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.stein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceasedDuring his travels beginning in 1403, Deshin Shekpa was induced by further exhortations by the Ming court to visit Nanjing by April 10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty", "paragraph_text": "10, 1407. Norbu writes that the Yongle Emperor, following the tradition of Mongol emperors and their reverence for the Sakya lamas, showed an enormous amount of deference towards Deshin Shekpa. The Yongle Emperor came out of the palace in Nanjing to greet the Karmapa and did not require him to kowtow like a tributary vassal. According to Karma Thinley, the emperor gave the Karmapa the place of honor at his left, and on a higher throne than his own. Rossabi and others describe a similar arrangement made by Kublai Khan and the Sakya Phagpa lama, writing that Kublai would \"sit on a lower platform than the Tibetan cleric\" when receiving religious instructions from him.The Ming dynasty considered Tibet to be part of the Western Regions. While the Ming dynasty at its height had some degree of influence in Tibet, the exact nature of their relations is under dispute by modern scholars. Analysis of the relationship is further complicated by modern political conflicts and the application of Westphalian sovereignty to a time when the concept did not exist. The Historical Status of China's Tibet, a book published by the People's Republic of China, asserts that the Ming dynasty had unquestioned sovereignty over Tibet by pointing to the Ming court's issuing of various titles to Tibetan leaders, Tibetans' full acceptance of the titles, and a renewal process for successors of these titles that involved traveling to the Ming capital. Scholars in China also argue that Tibet has been an integral part of China since the 13th century and so it was a part of the Ming Empire. However, most scholars outside China, such as Turrell V. Wylie, Melvyn C. Goldstein, and Helmut Hoffman, say that the relationship was one of suzerainty, Ming titles were only nominal, Tibet remained an independent region outside Ming control, and it simply paid tribute until the Jiajing Emperor, who ceased relations with Tibet.\n\nSome scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming–Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship.\nIn the hope of reviving the unique relationship during the Yuan dynasty, and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa, the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.\nThe Ming initiated sporadic armed intervention in Tibet during the 14th century but did not garrison permanent troops there. The Tibetans also sometimes used armed resistance against Ming forays. The Wanli Emperor made attempts to re-establish Ming–Tibetan relations after the Mongol–Tibetan alliance initiated in 1578, which affected the foreign policy of the subsequent Qing dynasty in its support for the Dalai Lama of the Gelug school. By the late 16th century, the Mongols were successful armed protectors of the Gelug Dalai Lama after they increased their presence in the Amdo region. That culminated in Güshi Khan's conquest of Tibet from 1637 to 1642 and the establishment of the Ganden Phodrang regime by the 5th Dalai Lama with hisThe Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmapa:", "is_supporting": true } ]	In the city where the edict recipient was welcomed by the Yongle Emperor, what other kinds of theatrical shows can be observed?	[ { "id": 857, "question": "Who was the edict addressed to?", "answer": "the Karmapa", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 846, "question": "Where did the Yongle Emperor greet the #1 ?", "answer": "Nanjing", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 7849, "question": "What other types of theater performance are seen in #2 ?", "answer": "Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre	[ "Suzhou" ]	true	What other types of theater performance are seen in the city where the Yongle emperor greeted the person to whom the edict was addressed?
2hop__48033_90973	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_text": " Mateo High School, graduating in 1942, and continued to aid in financing the school. He attended San Mateo Junior College and then the University of San Francisco. Griffin was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon.\nDuring World War II, Griffin was declared 4F after failing several military physical examinations due to a slight heart murmur. During the Korean War several years later, he was examined and deemed healthy enough to serve, but by that time was above age 26 and exempt from the draft.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Singing ===\nGriffin started as a singer on radio at age 19, appearing on San Francisco Sketchbook, a nationally syndicated program based at KFRC. He was overweight as an adolescent and a young man, which disappointed some radio fans when they saw him in person. Griffin wrote years later in his autobiography that there was a deliberate effort to keep the public from finding out how he looked. He resolved to change his appearance and lost 80 pounds in four months.\nFreddy Martin heard Griffin on the radio show and asked him to tour with his orchestra, which he did for four years.\nBy 1945, Griffin had earned enough money to form his own record label, Panda Records, which produced Songs by Merv Griffin, the first U.S. album ever recorded on magnetic tape. In 1947, Griffin had a 15-minute weekday singing program on KFRC in San Francisco.\nGriffin became increasingly popular with nightclub audiences, and his fame soared among the general public with his 1950 hit \"I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts\". The song reached the #1 spot on the Hit Parade and sold three million copies.\nAt one of his nightclub performances, Griffin was discovered by Doris Day. She arranged for a screen test at the Warner Bros. Studios for a role in By the Light of the Silvery Moon (1953). Griffin did not get the part, but the screen test led to supporting roles in other musical films such as So This Is Love (also 1953), which caused a minor controversy when Griffin shared an open-mouthed kiss with Kathryn Grayson. The kiss was a first in Hollywood film history since the introduction of the Production Code in 1934. He also had an uncredited role as a radio announcer in the horror/science fiction film The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms (1953).\nGriffin also appeared in The Boy from Oklahoma and Phantom of the Rue Morgue (both 1954), but became disillusioned with movie-making. He bought his contract back from Warner Bros. and decided to devote his attention to a new medium: television.\nIn 1954, Griffin appeared in several Cinécraft Productions sponsored films including a musical, Milestones of Motoring with Joe E. Brown and Rita Farrell. He decided to spend the summer of 1954 in New York City. He landed a job as the host of a new television show, CBS-TV's Summer Holiday, a summer replacement for Jane Froman's U.S.A. Canteen and Jo Stafford's The Jo Stafford Show, which he co-hosted with Betty Ann Grove. Griffin and Grove were brought together by Byron Paul, producer of U.S.A. Canteen, and Irving Mansfield, Summer Holiday's creator. The new showMeg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality AmericanMeg Griffin Family Guy character First appearance 1998 Pilot Pitch of Family Guy (Early version) ``Death Has a Shadow ''(Official version) Created by Seth MacFarlane Voiced by Lacey Chabert (1999 -- 2000, 2011, 2012) Mila Kunis (1999 -- present) Tara Strong (singing voice) Information Occupation High school student Family Peter Griffin (father) Lois Griffin (mother) Chris Griffin (brother) Stewie Griffin (brother) Brian Griffin (dog) Spouse (s) Dr. Michael Milano (ex-fiancé) Nationality American to Mervyn Edward Griffin Sr., a stockbroker, and Rita Elizabeth Griffin (née Robinson), a homemaker. He had an older sister named Barbara. As a child, Griffin used to play Hangman games with his sister during family road trips. It was these games which inspired him to create the game show Wheel of Fortune in 1975. The family was Irish American. Raised as a Catholic, Griffin started singing in his church choir as a boy, and by his teens was earning extra money as a church organist. His abilities as a pianist played a part in his early entry into show business.\nGriffin attended San Mateo High School, graduating in 1942, and continued to aid in financing the school. He attended San Mateo Junior College and then the University of San Francisco. Griffin was a member of the international fraternity Tau Kappa Epsilon.\nDuring World War II, Griffin was declared 4F after failing several military physical examinations due to a slight heart murmur. During the Korean War several years later, he was examined and deemed healthy enough to serve, but by that time was above age 26 and exempt from the draft.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Singing ===\nGriffin started as a singer on radio at age 19, appearing on San Francisco Sketchbook, a nationally syndicated program based at KFRC. He was overweight as an adolescent and a young man, which disappointed some radio fans when they saw him in person. Griffin wrote years later in his autobiography that there was a deliberate effort to keep the public from finding out how he looked. He resolved to change his appearance and lost 80 pounds in four months.\nFreddy Martin heard Griffin on the radio show and asked him to tour with his orchestra, which he did for four years.\nBy 1945, Griffin had earned enough money to form his own record label, Panda Records, which produced Songs by Merv Griffin, the first U.S. album ever recorded on magnetic tape. In 1947, Griffin had a 15-minute weekday singing program on KFRC in San Francisco.\nGriffin became increasingly popular with nightclub audiences, and his fame soared among the general public with his 1950 hit \"I've Got a Lovely Bunch of Coconuts\". The song reached the #1 spot on the Hit Parade and sold three million copies.\nAt one of his nightclub performances, Griffin was discovered by Doris Day. She arranged for a screen test at the Warner Bros. Studios for a role in By the Light of the Sil", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "List of Family Guy cast members", "paragraph_text": " ===\nSeth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. The voice for Glenn Quagmire is based on 1940s and 1950s radio commercials. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.\nMacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, including news anchor Tom Tucker, Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt and Dr. Hartman. He is the only cast member to be in every episode.\n\n\n=== Alex Borstein ===\nAlex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was \"really sight unseen\". At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins. The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original season), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied \"Make it a little less fucking annoying ... and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours.\"\n\n\n=== Seth Green ===\nSeth Green primarily plays Chris Griffin and Neil Goldman. Green stated that he did an impression of the \"Buffalo Bill\" character from the thriller film The Silence of the Lambs during his audition. His main inspiration for Chris' voice came from envisioning how \"Buffalo Bill\" would sound if he were speaking through a public address system at a McDonald's.\n\n\n=== Mila Kunis ===\nMila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after the auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciateMila Kunis voices Meg Griffin. Kunis won the role after auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show. MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Kunis described her character as ``the scapegoat ''. She further explained,`` Meg gets picked on a lot. But it's funny. It's like the middle child. She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14 - year - old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what - not. She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation. And it's fun.'' voice actors, in portraying the various character personalities on the show, draw inspiration from celebrities and pop culture. Family Guy characters have been played by more than one actor, after members of the show left the series or had conflicting obligations.\nKunis was nominated for an Annie Award for voicing Meg Griffin in the season 5 episode \"Barely Legal\" and MacFarlane has also won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production, though no other cast member has won an award for their work on the series.\n\n\n== Current cast ==\n\nFrom seasons 1 to 4, Family Guy had four main cast members. Since season 5, there have been five main cast members. The casting of Meg Griffin changed after season 1.\n\n\n=== Seth MacFarlane ===\nSeth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. The voice for Glenn Quagmire is based on 1940s", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who was the initial voice actor for the character that Mila Kunis portrays in Family Guy?	[ { "id": 48033, "question": "who does mila kunis voice in family guy", "answer": "Meg Griffin", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 90973, "question": "who did the original voice of #1", "answer": "Lacey Chabert", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	Lacey Chabert	[]	true	Who did the original voice of the character Mila Kunis plays on family Guy?
2hop__820739_250752	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "War of the Coprophages", "paragraph_text": " third episode, after the second-season episode \"Humbug\" and season three's \"Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose\". In order to achieve the effect of a cockroach infestation, the show used around three hundred cockroaches for the episode in addition to extremely detailed rubber cockroach props and \"piles and piles\" of faux-dung. The episode's title is a reference to the famous novel \"The War of the Worlds\" by H.G. Wells, as well as its 1938 radio adaptation by Orson Welles. The character Dr. Berenbaum is named for entomologist May Berenbaum.\"\"War of the Coprophages\" was Darin Morgan's third episode, after the second-season episode \"Humbug\" and season three's \"Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose\". In order to achieve the effect of a cockroach infestation, the show used around three hundred cockroaches for the episode in addition to extremely detailed rubber cockroach props and \"piles and piles\" of faux-dung. The episode's title is a reference to the famous novel \"The War of the Worlds\" by H.G. Wells, as well as its 1938 radio adaptation by Orson Welles. The character Dr. Berenbaum is named for entomologist May Berenbaum. (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder investigates a small town plagued by deaths in which the bodies are found covered in cockroaches. Working from home, Scully has scientific explanations for all of them, but Mulder—at the crime scene with an attractive bug expert—suspects the insects may not be organic, or earthly.\n\"War of the Coprophages\" was Darin Morgan's third episode, after the second-season episode \"Humbug\" and season three's \"Clyde Bruckman's Final\"War of the Coprophages\" was Darin Morgan's third episode, after the second-season episode \"Humbug\" and season three's \"Clyde Bruckman's Final Repose\". In order to achieve the effect of a cockroach infestation, the show used around three hundred cockroaches for the episode in addition to extremely detailed rubber cockroach props and \"piles and piles\" of faux-dung. The episode's title is a reference to the famous novel \"The War of the Worlds\" by H.G. Wells, as well as its 1938 radio adaptation by Orson Welles. The character Dr. Berenbaum is named for entomologist May Berenbaum.\"War of the Coprophages\" is the twelfth episode of the third season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on January 5, 1996. It was written by Darin Morgan, and directed by Kim Manners. The episode is a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series' wider mythology. \"War of the Coprophages\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.1, being watched by 16.32 million people in its initial broadcast. The episode received mostly positive reviews from critics, who praised its humorous tone.\nThe show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder investigates a small town plagued by deaths in which the bodies are found covered in cockroaches. Working from home, Scully has scientific explanations for all of them, but Mulder—at the crime scene with an attractive bug expert—suspects the insects may not be organic, or earthly.\n\"War of the Coprophages\" was Darin Morgan's third episode,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Blood (The X-Files)", "paragraph_text": " broadcast. The episode received mostly positive reviews.\nThe show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In the episode, Mulder and Scully investigate a series of killings in Franklin, Pennsylvania. All the suspects appear compelled to murder after seeing violent messages on electronic devices.\n\"Blood\" was inspired by writer Glen Morgan's own hematophobia as well as controversy over malathion spraying in Southern California. The episode marked the second appearance of the Lone Gunmen in the series, as well as a guest appearance by pornographic actress Ashlyn Gere.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn Franklin, Pennsylvania, postal worker Edward Funsch (William Sanderson) is informed that he will be laid off at the end of the week. Afterwards, Funsch sees the words \"Kill 'Em All\" on his machine's digital display. At Franklin's civic center, a middle-aged man in a crowded elevator sees \"No Air\" displayed on the elevator's LED display, and is the only one who can see the message. Sweating and obviously claustrophobic, he again glances at the LED display. This time it flashes the words \"Can't Breathe\" and then \"Kill 'Em All.\"\nAgent Fox Mulder arrives at the civic center in the aftermath of what looks like a massacre. Sheriff Spencer (John Cygan) explains that the suspect murdered four people from the elevator with his bare hands; his rampage ended when he was shot by a security guard. Spencer notes that seven other individuals have murdered twenty-two people in Franklin in the past six months. Mulder discovers that the LED display in the elevator has been damaged, and that the dead suspect has a green residue on his fingertips. Meanwhile, Funsch tries to make a withdrawal from an ATM, but is greeted with the words \"Security Guard\", \"Take His Gun\" and \"Kill 'Em All\" on the screen. He frustratedly beats the screen before running away, escaping from a confused security guard.\nAt the FBI Academy, Dana Scully reads Mulder's initial report. The only connection between the murders that he can see is that the suspects all destroyed an electronic device during the killings. Meanwhile, Bonnie McRoberts, another Franklin resident\"Blood\" was inspired by writer Glen Morgan's own hematophobia as well as controversy over malathion spraying in Southern California. The episode marked the second appearance of the Lone Gunmen in the series, as well as a guest appearance by pornographic actress Ashlyn Gere.\"\"Blood\" was inspired by writer Glen Morgan's own hematophobia as well as controversy over malathion spraying in Southern California. The episode marked the second appearance of the Lone Gunmen in the series, as well as a guest appearance by pornographic actress Ashlyn Gere. and was directed by David Nutter. The episode is a \"Monster-of-the-Week\" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. \"Blood\" earned a Nielsen household rating of 9.8, being watched by 8.7 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode received mostly positive reviews.\nThe show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In the episode, Mulder and Scully investigate a series of killings in Franklin, Pennsylvania. All the suspects appear compelled to murder after seeing violent messages on electronic devices.\n\"Blood\" was inspired by writer Glen Morgan's own hematophobia as well as controversy over malathion spraying in Southern California. The episode marked the second appearance of the Lone Gunmen in the series, as well as a guest appearance by pornographic actress Ashlyn Gere.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn Franklin, Pennsylvania, postal worker Edward Funsch (William Sanderson) is informed that he will be laid off at the end of the week. Afterwards, Funsch sees the words \"Kill 'Em All\" on his machine's digital display. At Franklin's civic center, a middle-aged man in a crowded elevator sees \"No Air\" displayed on the elevator's LED display, and is the only one who can see the message. Sweating and obviously claustrophobic, he again glances at the LED display. This time it flashes the words \"Can't Breathe\" and then \"Kill 'Em All.\"\nAgent Fox Mulder arrives at the civic center in the aftermath of what looks like a massacre. Sheriff Spencer (John Cygan) explains that the suspect murdered four people from the elevator with his bare hands; his rampage ended when he was shot by a security guard. Spencer notes that seven other individuals have murdered twenty-two people in Franklin in the past six months. Mulder discovers that the LED display in the elevator has been damaged, and that the dead suspect has a green residue on his fingertips. Meanwhile, Funsch tries to make a withdrawal from an ATM, but is greeted with the words \"Security Guard\", \"Take His Gun\" and \"Kill 'Em All\" on the screen. He frustratedly beats the screen before running away, escaping from a confused security guard.\nAt the FBI Academy, Dana Scully reads Mulder's initial report. The only connection between the murders that he can see is that the suspects all destroyed an electronic device during the killings. Meanwhile, Bonnie McRoberts, another Franklin resident\"Blood\" was inspired by writer Glen Morgan's own hematophobia as well as controversy over malathion spraying in Southern California. The episode marked the second appearance of the Lone Gunmen in the series, as well as a guest appearance by pornographic actress Ashlyn Gere.\"Blood\" is the third episode of the second season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on September 30, 1994. The teleplay was", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the brother or sister of the person who wrote the script for War of the Coprophages?	[ { "id": 820739, "question": "War of the Coprophages >> screenwriter", "answer": "Darin Morgan", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 250752, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Glen Morgan", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]	Glen Morgan	[]	true	Who is the sibling of the screenwriter of War of the Coprophages?
3hop1__844109_720914_27537	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)", "paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th centuryThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected in Lawrence reaching towards the beam of light breaking through the clouds above him.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Works Cited ==\nRosand, David (1997). Painting in Sixteenth-Century Venice (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 9780521562867.\nSherman, Allison (2013). \"Murder and Martyrdom: Titian's Gesuiti \"Saint Lawrence\" as a Family Peace Offering\". Artibus et Historiae. 34 (68): 39–54. ISSN 0391-9064.\nJacobus, De Voragine, Approximately, William Caxton, and Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Westminster, 20 Nov, 1483. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/48043527/.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by TitianThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a Renaissance era oil painting by the Venetian artist Titian, dated", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pope John XXIII", "paragraph_text": " XXIII was tried for various crimes, though later accounts question the veracity of those accusations. Towards the end of his life Cossa restored his relationship with the Church and was made Cardinal Bishop of Frascati by Pope Martin V.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nBaldassarre Cossa was born on the island of Procida in the Kingdom of Naples, the son of Giovanni Cossa, lord of Procida. Initially he followed a military career, taking part in the Angevin-Neapolitan war. His two brothers were sentenced to death for piracy by Ladislaus of Naples.\nHe studied law at the University of Bologna and obtained doctorates in both civil and canon law. Probably at the prompting of his family, in 1392 he entered the service of Pope Boniface IX, first working in Bologna and then in Rome. (The Western Schism had begun in 1378, and there were two competing popes at the time, one in Avignon supported by France and Spain, and one in Rome, supported by most of Italy, Germany and England.) In 1386 he is listed as canon of the cathedral of Bologna. In 1396, he became archdeacon in Bologna. He became Cardinal deacon of Saint Eustachius in 1402 and Papal legate in Romagna in 1403. Johann Peter Kirsch describes Cossa as \"utterly worldly-minded, ambitious, crafty, unscrupulous, and immoral, a good soldier but no churchman\". At this time Cossa also had some links with local robber bands, which were often used to intimidate his rivals and attack carriages. These connections added to his influence and power in the region.\n\n\n== Role in the Western Schism ==\n\n\n=== Council of Pisa ===\nCardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without consulting them in advance. In company with those cardinals who had been following Antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, they convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became a leading figure. The aim of the council was to end the schism; to this end they deposed both Gregory XII and Benedict XIII and elected a new pope Alexander V in 1409. Gregory and Benedict ignored this decision, however, so that there were now three simultaneous claimants to the papacy.\n\n\n=== Election to the papacy ===\nAlexander suddenly died while he was with Cardinal Baldassare Cossa at Bologna on the night of 3–4 May 1410. On 25 May 1410, Cossa was consecrated a pope taking the name John XXIII. He had become an ordained bishop only one day earlier. John XXIII was acknowledged as pope by France, England, Bohemia, Portugal, parts of the Holy Roman Empire, and numerous Northern Italian city states, including Florence and Venice and the Patriarchate of Aquileia; and in the beginning and in 1411-1413 by Hungary and Poland. However, the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII was regarded as popeFollowing the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile,[b] and after eleven ballots, was elected to succeed the late Pius XII, so it came as no surprise to him, though he had arrived at the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice.[citation needed] a papal legate in Romagna. He participated in the Council of Pisa in 1408, which sought to end the Western Schism with the election of a third alternative pope. In 1410, he succeeded Antipope Alexander V, taking the name John XXIII. At the instigation of Sigismund, King of the Romans, Pope John called the Council of Constance of 1413, which deposed John XXIII and Benedict XIII, accepted Gregory XII's resignation, and elected Pope", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Entombment (Titian, 1559)", "paragraph_text": " that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings. The figure of Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished Pietà from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ displayed in the Cathedral in Florence. The stone sarcophagus where Christ body is placed is decorated with depictions of Cain and Abel and the Sacrifice of Isaac - themes that according to the Christian faith predicted the sacrifice of Jesus.The EntThe Entombment is a 1559 painting by Titian, commissioned by Philip II of Spain. In this painting, Tizian uses the mature style characterized by the use of broad brushwork and brilliant colours. The figure holding Christ body is Nicodemus, the Jewish elder that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings. The figure of Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished Pietà from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ displayed in the Cathedral in Florence. The stone sarcophagus where Christ body is placed is decorated with depictions of Cain and Abel and the Sacrifice of Isaac - themes that according to the Christian faith predicted the sacrifice of Jesus. by Philip II of Spain. A smaller version of 1557 was lost on its journey to Spain. This second larger version was sent to Spain in 1559 along with Titian's Diana and Callisto and Diana and Actaeon, arrived at El Escorial in 1574, where it was displayed in the Iglesia Vieja (Old Church) beside two other paintings by Titian: his Adoration of the Magi and his 1567 second version of Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence.The Entombment is a 1559 painting by Titian, commissioned by Philip II of Spain. In this painting, Tizian uses the mature style characterized by the use of broad brushwork and brilliant colours. The figure holding Christ body is Nicodemus, the Jewish elder that secretly visited Jesus at night to learn about his teachings. The figure of Nicodemus bears the traits of the artist himself. This could have been inspired by Michelangelo's idea in his unfinished Pietà from 1550, depicting himself as Nicodemus, supporting the body of Christ displayed in the Cathedral in Florence. The stone sarcophagus where Christ body is placed is decorated with depictions of Cain and Abel and the Sacrifice of Isaac - themes that according to the Christian faith predicted the sacrifice of Jesus.The Entombment is a 1559 oil-on-canvas painting by the Venetian painter Titian, commissioned by Philip II of Spain. It depicts the burial of Jesus in a stone sarcophagus, which is decorated with depictions of Cain and Abel and the binding of Isaac. The painting measures 137 cm × 175 cm (54 in × 69 in) and is now in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. Titian made several other paintings depicting the same subject, including a similar version of 1572 given as a gift to Antonio Pérez and now also in the Prado, and an earlier version of c.1520 made for the Duke of Mantua and now in the Louvre.\nThe painting is the second of this subject commissioned from Titian by Philip II of Spain. A smaller version of 1557 was lost on its journey to Spain. This second larger version was sent to Spain in 1559 along with Titian's Diana and Callisto and Diana and Actaeon, arrived at El Escorial in 1574, where it was displayed in the Iglesia Vieja (Old Church) beside two other paintings by Titian: his Adoration of the Magi and his 1567 second version of Martyrdom of", "is_supporting": true } ]	What prompted Roncalli to depart from the city where the artist who painted The Entombment passed away?	[ { "id": 844109, "question": "The Entombment >> creator", "answer": "Titian", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 720914, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Venice", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 27537, "question": "Why did Roncalli leave #2 ?", "answer": "for the conclave in Rome", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]	for the conclave in Rome	[ "Rome" ]	true	Why did Roncalli leave the city where the creator of The Entombment died?
3hop1__320697_547811_41132	[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Orlando furioso (Vivaldi, 1714)", "paragraph_text": "Orlando furioso RV 819 (, Teatro San Angelo, Venice 1714) is a three-act opera surviving in manuscript in Antonio Vivaldi's personal library, only partly related to his better known Orlando furioso (RV 728) of 1727. It is a recomposition of an \"Orlando furioso\" written by Giovanni Alberto Ristori which had been very successfully staged by Vivaldi and his father's \"impresa\" in 1713, and whose music survives in a few fragments retained in the score of RV 819. Therefore, Vivaldi's first cataloguer Peter Ryom did not assign the opera a RV number, but catalogued it as RV Anh. 84. The libretto was by Grazio Braccioli.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 1, "title": "Nulla in mundo pax sincera", "paragraph_text": "Nulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.ets.\nThe motet consists of three parts (Aria; Recitative; Aria), followed by a concluding Alleluia. A full performance of the piece takes approximately 13 minutes.\n\n\n== Text ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe first aria, sung by Jane Edwards, was featured in the 1996 film Shine.\n\n\n== Media ==\nThe instrumental version of Nulla in mundo pax sincera is used as the song for the phonograph in the video game We Need toNulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.Nulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated as \"In this world there is no honest peace\" or \"There is no true peace in this world without bitterness\". Written in the key of E major and in the typical lyrical Italian Baroque style, it is scored for solo soprano, two violins, viola and basso continuo, this would normally be a cello and keyboard instrument, in Vivaldi's case often the organ. The text dwells on the imperfections of a world full of evil and sin, and praises Jesus for the salvation he offers from it. It is considered to be one of Vivaldi's most beautiful solo motets.\nThe motet consists of three parts (Aria; Recitative; Aria), followed by a concluding Alleluia. A full performance of the piece takes approximately 13 minutes.\n\n\n== Text ==\n\n\n== In popular culture ==\nThe first aria, sung by Jane Edwards, was featured in the 1996 film Shine.\n\n\n== Media ==\nThe instrumental version of Nulla in mundo pax sincera is used as the song for the phonograph in the video game We Need to Go Deeper\n\n\n== External links ==\nNulla in mundo pax sincera: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project\nPerformance of Nulla in mundo pax sincera by A Far Cry with Amanda Forsythe (soprano) from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in M4A formatNulla in mundo pax sincera, RV 630, is a sacred motet composed by Antonio Vivaldi in 1735 to an anonymous Latin text, the title of which may be translated", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravagedIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the number of plague occurrences in the hometown of the individual who composed Nulla in mundo pax sincera?	[ { "id": 320697, "question": "Nulla in mundo pax sincera >> composer", "answer": "Antonio Vivaldi", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 547811, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Venice", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 41132, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?", "answer": "22", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	22	[]	true	How many times did plague occur in the birth city of the composer of Nulla in mundo pax sincera?
3hop1__796649_720914_41132	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Flora (Titian)", "paragraph_text": ". In the 17th century, it was sold by the Spanish ambassador at Amsterdam to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and was cited by Rembrandt in his Saskia Dressing as Flora of London and in two portraits in Dresden and New York. Later included in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, it was one of the works exchanged with the Uffizi.\nIn the 18th century, it was erroneously attributed to Palma the Elder.\n\n\n== Description ==\nIt portrays an idealized beautiful woman, a model established in the Venetian school by Titian's master Giorgione with his Laura. Her left hand holds a pink-shaded mantle, and her right holds a handful of flowers and leaves.\nThe woman was portrayed by Titian in numerous other works of the period, including the Woman at the Mirror, the Vanity, Salome and Violante, as well as some Holy Conversations. The meaning of the painting is disputed: some, basing for example to inscriptions added to the 16th century reproductions, identifies the woman as a courtesan; other consider it a symbol of nuptial love, although her dress is not a dressing one. The identification with Flora, the ancient goddess of Spring and vegetation, derives from the presence of Spring flowers in her hands.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nValcanover, Francesco (1969). L'opera completa di Tiziano (in Italian). Milan: Rizzoli.\n\n\n== External links ==\nUffizi Gallery page\nVirtual Uffizi pageFlora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe work was reproduced in numerous 16th century etchings. Later, it followed an unclear series of changes of hands at Brussels and Vienna. In the 17th century, it was sold by the Spanish ambassador at Amsterdam to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and was cited by Rembrandt in his Saskia Dressing as Flora of London and in two portraits in Dresden and New York. Later included in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, it was one of the works exchanged with the Uffizi.\nIn the 18th century, it was erroneously attributed to Palma the Elder.\n\n\n== Description ==\nIt portrays an idealized beautiful woman, a model established in the VenetianFlora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.FlFlora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.== History ==\nThe work was reproduced in numerous 16th century etchings. Later, it followed an unclear series of changes of hands at Brussels and Vienna. In the 17th century, it was sold by the Spanish ambassador at Amsterdam to Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria and was cited by Rembrandt in his Saskia Dressing as Flora of London and in two portraits in Dresden and New York. Later included in the Kunsthistorisches Museum of Vienna, it was one of the works exchanged with the Uffizi.\nIn the 18th century, it was erroneously attributed to Palma the Elder.\n\n\n== Description ==\nIt portrays an idealized beautiful woman, a model established in the Venetian school by Titian's master Giorgione with his Laura. Her left hand holds a pink-shaded mantle, and her right holds a handful of flowers and leaves.\nThe woman was portrayed by Titian in numerous other works of the period, including the Woman at the Mirror, the Vanity, Salome and Violante, as well as some Holy Conversations. The meaning of the painting is disputed: some, basing for example to inscriptions added to the 16th century reproductions, identifies the woman as a courtesan; other consider it a symbol of nuptial love, although her dress is not a dressing one. The identification with Flora, the ancient goddess of Spring and vegetation, derives from the presence of Spring flowers in her hands.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of works by Titian\n\n\n== Notes ==\n\n\n== References ==\nValcanover, Francesco (1969). L'opera completa di Tiziano (in Italian). Milan: Rizzoli.\n\n\n== External links ==\nUffizi Gallery page\nVirtual Uffizi pageFlora is an oil painting by Italian late Renaissance painter Titian, dated to around 1515 and now held at the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.\n\n\n", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence (Titian)", "paragraph_text": " Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta dei Crociferi. The church was destroyed during a suppression of the order of the Crociferi and the painting was moved to the new church of I Gesuiti in the early 18th century. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.\n\n\n== Description ==\nThe moment of Saint Lawrence's death is depicted in chaotic darkness. The armor and bodies of the figures are shown reflecting the light emanating from the fire at the bottom of the painting and the light shining through the clouds from above. Titian uses the contrast between these two bright spots and the rest of the painting, which is shrouded in darkness, to accentuate Saint Lawrence's mostly naked form and his outstretched arm which is reaching upwards. Titian communicates the confusing mix of tragic violence and sublime sacrifice which accompany martyrdom by surrounding the well lit figure of Saint Lawrence, which appears to be frozen in time reaching towards heaven, with a turbulent mix of darkness.\nTitian's source was the Golden Legend whose depiction of Lawrence's death is closely mirrored in Titian's painting. It describes Lawrence being tortured by the Romans. He defies their demands that he renounce Christianity by referring to the holy light that protects him. This is reflected inThe Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence is a 1558 painting by Titian, now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. It so impressed Philip II of Spain that he commissioned a second version in 1567 for the basilica at El Escorial.ciferi, although it is now in the church of I Gesuiti in Venice. \n\n\n== Subject ==\nPrior to Emperor Constantine's Edict of Milan, which decreed tolerance of Christianity in 313, religious persecution of Christians was common in Ancient Rome. Saint Lawrence was appointed archdeacon of Rome in 257 AD by Pope Sixtus II. One year later, in 258 AD, Saint Lawrence, six other deacons, and Pope Sixtus II were martyred in a purge of Christians ordered by Roman Emperor Valerian. According to legend, Saint Lawrence was burned alive on a gridiron which became an influential image through posthumous portrayals of his death.\n\n\n== History ==\nTitian's Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence was commissioned by the well-connected and wealthy Venetian couple Lorenzo Massolo and Elisabetta Querini as an altarpiece for the church of Santa Maria Assunta", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Black Death", "paragraph_text": " 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and againIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged London in 1563, 1593, 1603, 1625, 1636, and 1665, reducing its population by 10 to 30% during those years. Over 10% of Amsterdam's population died in 1623–25, and again in 1635–36, 1655, and 1664. Plague occurred in Venice 22 times between 1361 and 1528. The plague of 1576–77 killed 50,000 in Venice, almost a third of the population. Late outbreaks in central Europe included the Italian Plague of 1629–1631, which is associated with troop movements during the Thirty Years' War, and the Great Plague of Vienna in 1679. Over 60% of Norway's population died in 1348–50. The last plague outbreak ravaged Oslo in 1654.In 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the timeIn 1466, perhaps 40,000 people died of the plague in Paris. During the 16th and 17th centuries, the plague was present in Paris around 30 per cent of the time. The Black Death ravaged Europe for three years before it continued on into Russia, where the disease was present somewhere in the country 25 times between 1350 to 1490. Plague epidemics ravaged", "is_supporting": true } ]	What's the count of plague incidences in the metropolis where the artist who painted Flora passed away?	[ { "id": 796649, "question": "Flora >> creator", "answer": "Titian", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 720914, "question": "#1 >> place of death", "answer": "Venice", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 41132, "question": "How many times did plague occur in #2 ?", "answer": "22", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]	22	[]	true	How many times did the plague occur in the city where Flora's painter died?
2hop__351275_75487	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election", "paragraph_text": " of his staff leaked the list. On February 11, 2019, the Conservative Party released a statement from its Leadership Election Organizing Committee (LEOC) which concluded: \"In short, LEOC does not believe there is evidence that the Trost Campaign was responsible for leaking of the membership list....\" The fine was therefore removed from the Brad Trost Campaign. Trost went on to lose renomination as the party candidate for his riding during the 43rd Federal election on March 10, 2018, to Corey Tochor, former speaker of the Saskatchewan Legislature.\nCriticism has been raised about how the party memberships were handled, with some prominent members saying they never received a ballot, even after contacting the party about it.\nIn addition, the result of the leadership race and party handling was questioned by some supporters of such as runner-up Maxime Bernier and fifth place candidate Kellie LeitchThe 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on October 19, Harper tendered his resignation as party leader. In a statement, Conservative Party President Harry Walsh said he had spoken to Harper, ``and he has instructed me to reach out to the newly elected parliamentary caucus to appoint an Interim Leader and to implement the leadership selection process. '',010 party members were eligible to vote in the leadership contest. 141,000 members cast a vote. According to raw voting figures, Scheer received 62,593 votes on the final ballot compared to 55,544 votes for Bernier with 23,000 voters who had voted in the first round ranking neither Scheer or Bernier in their ranked ballot. Votes were apportioned among ridings so that each riding was allocated 100 points, regardless of the number of voters, resulting in 17,222.20 points (50.95%) for Scheer and 16,577.80 points (49.05%) for Bernier.\nSubsequent to the election, fourth placed candidate Brad Trost and his campaign were fined $50,000 by the Conservative Party of Canada for allegedly leaking the party's membership list to the National Firearms Association. Trost denied that he or any of his staff leaked the list. On February 11, 2019, the Conservative Party released a statement from its Leadership Election Organizing Committee (LEOC) which concluded: \"In short, LEOC does not believe there is evidence that the Trost Campaign was responsible for leaking of the membership list....\" The fine was therefore removed from the Brad Trost Campaign. Trost went on to lose renomination as the party candidate for his riding during the 43rd Federal election on March 10, 2018, to Corey Tochor, former speaker of the Saskatchewan Legislature.\nCriticism has been raised about how the party memberships were handled, with some prominent members saying they never received a ballot, even after contacting the party about it.\nIn addition, the result of the leadership race and party handling was questioned by some supporters of such as runner-up Maxime Bernier and fifth place candidate Kellie Leitch due to discrepancies in the final ballot count, specifically a gap between the number of ballots cast and the announced result – a 7,466 vote discrepancy, which is greater than Andrew Scheer's 7,049 votes margin of victory in the final round. There was criticism over the exact role of the accounting firm Deloitte during the voting process – a deal revealed that Deloitte was not specifically tasked with auditing the vote but \"observe\" the counting process. It was also reported that some of Brad Trost's supporters contravened the Elections Act and party membership rules by offering incentives to vote. Dimitri Soudas, a former Stephen Harper aide, pointed out that it violated election rules and it benefited Scheer's campaign but the ballots have been destroyed so the results stood.\nMany considered Scheer's victory as an upset,The 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election was held on May 27, 2017. Party members chose Andrew Scheer as leader, replacing Stephen Harper, who led the Conservative Party of Canada as its leader from 2004 following the merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties. Harper led the party through five federal elections: the party increased its seat count in the House of Commons in 2004, formed two minority governments in 2006, and 2008, and then a majority government in 2011. Following the defeat of the party in the 2015 federal election on", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Leon Benoit", "paragraph_text": " as opposed to Canada using its energy resources to provide for the security of Canadians first, and then others. Benoit felt Laxer had not been on topic.\nRegarding the Citizen's Arrest and Self-Defence Act, Benoit stated that the legislation would expand the circumstances in which citizens can make arrests, as well as it simplifies the self-defense and defense of property provisions in the Criminal Code.\nIn 2013, Benoit joined two other Conservative MPs (Saskatchewan MP Maurice Vellacott and Ontario MP Wladyslaw Lizon) in writing a letter to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police requesting a homicide investigation into some late term abortions that may have resulted in live births. The letter was criticized as an attempt to reopen the abortion debate. Prime Minister Stephen Harper said, \"I think all members of this House, whether they agree with it or not, understand that abortion is legal in Canada and this government, myself included, have made it very clear that the government does not intend to change the law in this regard.\" In 2017 Benoit endorsed Brad Trost for the 2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election he was the first MP in 2017 to have endorsed Trost before Maurice Vellacott in April 2017.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nOfficial site\nHow'd They Vote?: Leon Benoit's voting history and quotes\n\nLeon Benoit – Parliament of Canada biographyLeon Earl Benoit (born July 7, 1950) is a Canadian politician.\n\n\n== Career ==\nBenoit was a Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Vegreville—Wainwright from 2004 to 2015, Lakeland from 1997 to 2004 and Vegreville from 1993 to 1997. He has also been a member of the Canadian Alliance (2000-2003) and the Reform Party of Canada (1993-2000). Benoit is a former economist and farmer. As an Opposition MP Benoit was the official opposition critic of Public Works and Government Services and of the Canadian Wheat Board, Intergovernmental Affairs, Citizenship and Immigration, and National Defence.\nIn May 2007 when Benoit was the chair of the Canadian House of Commons Standing Committee on International Trade he came under scrutiny when he adjourned the committee after the opposition overruled him. His move was \"unprecedented\". After he abruptly adjourned the committee, the Vice-Chair took over and the meeting resumed after he andBenoit was a Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Vegreville—Wainwright from 2004 to 2015, Lakeland from 1997 to 2004 and Vegreville from 1993 to 1997. He has also been a member of the Canadian Alliance (2000-2003) and the Reform Party of Canada (1993-2000). Benoit is a former economist and farmer. As an Opposition MP Benoit was the official opposition critic of Public Works and Government Services and of the Canadian Wheat Board, Intergovernmental Affairs, Citizenship and Immigration, and National Defence.Benoit was a Conservative Party of Canada Member of Parliament in the House of Commons of Canada, representing the riding of Vegreville—Wainwright from 2004 to 2015, Lakeland from 1997 to 2004 and Vegreville from 1993 to 1997. He has also been a member of the Canadian Alliance (2000-2003) and the Reform Party of Canada (1993-2000). Benoit is a former economist and farmer. As an Opposition MP Benoit was the official opposition critic of Public Works and Government Services and of the Canadian Wheat Board, Intergovernmental Affairs, Citizenship and Immigration, and National Defence.", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the head of the political party to which Leon Benoit belongs at the federal level?	[ { "id": 351275, "question": "Leon Benoit >> member of political party", "answer": "Conservative Party of Canada", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 75487, "question": "federal leader of #1", "answer": "Andrew Scheer", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	Andrew Scheer	[]	true	Who is the federal leader of Leon Benoit's political party?
4hop1__813171_153080_33897_81096	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden, struggling with a broken front wing, lost his fourth position to a hard-charging Hildebrand. At roughly lap 120, the second cycle of pit stops came, during which Alexander Rossi made contact with the wall and was forced to retire from the race, though there was no caution for this incident. Shortly after, however, Rossi's teammate Takuma Sato made contact with the turn four wall and came to a stop on the frontstretch, bringing out the caution. Due to where the pit stop cycle was at the time, Pagenaud now held a sizable advantage on the field, allowing him to pit under yellow without losing any track position.\nThe restart came on lap 149, where Pagenaud was able to pull out a healthy lead due to several lapped cars being between him and Power. Further back, Newgarden was able to march back up into the top five quickly after finally being afforded the chance to change his front wing. Little change in the order occurred as the field cycled through their final pit cycle from about lap 190 through lap 210. Pagenaud's lead now stood at over 5.5 seconds on lap 215.\nShortly after pit stopsAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Changes Two", "paragraph_text": "Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus' album \"Changes One\". Accordingly, Atlantic Records initially released the record. In 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus' album \"Changes One\". Accordingly, Atlantic Records initially released the record. In 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus's album Changes One. Atlantic Records initially released the record; in 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.\nThe brief version of \"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" features vocals by Jackie Paris.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\nAll compositions by Charles Mingus except where noted.\n\n\"Free Cell Block F, 'Tis Nazi U.S.A.\" – 6:56\n\"Orange Was the Color of Her Dress, Then Silk Blue\" – 17:32\n\"Black Bats and Poles\" (Jack Walrath) – 6:22\n\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\" – 4:15\n\"For Harry Carney\" (Sy Johnson) – 7:59\n\n\n== Personnel ==\nCharles Mingus – acoustic bass\nJack Walrath – trumpet\nGeorge Adams – tenor saxophone\nDon Pullen – piano\nDannie Richmond – drums\nMarcus Belgrave – trumpet (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nJackie Paris – vocals (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\nSy Johnson – arranger (\"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love\")\n\n\n=== Technical personnel ===\nNesuhi Ertegun – engineer, executive producer\nDavid Gahr – photos\nNat Hentoff – liner notes\nİlhan Mimaroğlu – producer, remixing\nGene Paul – engineer, remastering\nPaula Scher – cover design\nBobby Warner – remixing\n\n\n== References ==Changes Two is an album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on 27, 28, and 30 December 1974 at Atlantic Studios in New York City—the same sessions which resulted in Mingus's album Changes One. Atlantic Records initially released the record; in 1993, it was issued on CD by Rhino Records.\nThe brief version of \"Duke Ellington", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu��son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ��on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t��k ��n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ��on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700, about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now known as \"A\" mountain. Hugo Oconór (Tucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu��son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ��on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t��k ��n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ��on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in the Charles Mingus High School Competition. In 1993, the Library of Congress acquired Mingus's collected papers—including scores, sound recordings, correspondence and photos—in what they described as \"the most important acquisition of a manuscript collection relating to jazz in the Library's history\".\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life and career ===\nCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus Jr. was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles.\nMingus's ethnic background was complex. His ancestry included German American, African American, and Native American heritage. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African American from the southern United States. Mingus was the great-great-great-grandson of his family's founding patriarch who, by most accounts, was a German immigrant. In Mingus's autobiography Beneath the Underdog, his mother was described as \"the daughter of an English/Chinese man and a South-American woman\", and his father was the son \"of a black farm worker and a Swedish woman\". Charles Mingus Sr. claims to have been raised by his mother and her husband as a white person until he was fourteen, when his mother revealed to her family that the child's true father was a black slave, after which he had to run away from his family and live on his own. The autobiography does not confirm whether Charles Mingus Sr. or Mingus himself believed this story was true, or whether it was merely an embellished version of the Mingus family's lineage. According to new information used to educate visitors to Mingus Mill in the Great Smoky Mountains National ParkCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which participant emerged victorious in the Indy car race hosted in the most populous city of the home state of the artist who performed Changes Two?	[ { "id": 813171, "question": "Changes Two >> performer", "answer": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 153080, "question": "What city is #1 from?", "answer": "Arizona", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 33897, "question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?", "answer": "Phoenix", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 81096, "question": "who won the indy car race in #3", "answer": "Mario Andretti", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	Mario Andretti	[]	true	Who won the indy car race in the largest populated city in the state that the performer of Changes Two is from?
4hop1__21282_692112_214799_259594	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Angela Merkel", "paragraph_text": "U than the grand coalition. In the 2013 federal election, the CDU won a landslide victory and formed a second grand coalition with the SPD, after the FDP lost all of its representation in the Bundestag. In the 2017 federal election, Merkel led the CDU to become the largest party for the fourth time, resulting in the formation of a third grand coalition with the SPD.\nIn foreign policy, Merkel emphasised international cooperation, both in the context of the EU and NATO, and the strengthening of transatlantic economic relations. In 2008, Merkel served as president of the European Council and played a central role in the negotiation of the Treaty of Lisbon and the Berlin Declaration. Merkel's governments managed the global 2007–2008 financial crisis and the European debt crisis. She negotiated the 2008 European Union stimulus plan, which focused on infrastructure spending and public investment to counteract the Great Recession. In domestic policy, Merkel's Energiewende program supported the development of renewable energy sources and eventually phased out the use of nuclear power in Germany. Reforms to the Bundeswehr, health care reform, the 2010s European migrant crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic were major issues during her chancellorship. Merkel stepped down as leader of the CDU in 2018 and did not seek a fifth term as chancellor in the 2021 federal election.\n\n\n== Background and early life ==\n\nMerkel was born Angela Dorothea Kasner in 1954, in Hamburg, West Germany, the daughter of Horst Kasner (1926–2011; né Kaźmierczak), a Lutheran pastor and a native of Berlin, and his wife Herlind (1928–2019; née Jentzsch), born in Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland), a teacher of English and Latin. She has two younger siblings, Marcus Kasner, a physicist, and Irene Kasner, an occupational therapist. In her childhood and youth, Merkel was known among her peers by the nickname \"Kasi\", derived from her last name Kasner.\nMerkel is of German and Polish descent. Her paternal grandfather, Ludwik Kasner, was a German policeman of Polish ethnicity. After being captured in France during World War I, he joined the Blue Army and likely fought against Germany. He married Merkel's grandmother Margarethe, a German from Berlin, and relocated to her hometown where he again worked in the police. In 1930, they Germanised the Polish name Kaźmierczak to Kasner. Merkel's maternal grandparents were the Danzig politician Willi Jentzsch and Gertrud Alma (née Drange), a daughter of the city clerk of Elbing (now Elbląg, Poland) Emil Drange. Since the mid-1990s, Merkel has publicly mentionedMerkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany and moved to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, and briefly served as a deputy spokesperson for the first democratically elected East German Government headed by Lothar de Maizière in 1990. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, and has been reelected ever since. As the protégée of Chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as the Federal Minister for Women and Youth in Kohl's government in 1991, and became the Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After her party lost the federal election in 1998, Merkel was elected Secretary-General of the CDU before becoming the party's first female leader two years later in the aftermath of a donations scandal that toppled Wolfgang Schäuble. government of East Germany led by Lothar de Maizière. Following German reunification in 1990, Merkel was elected to the Bundestag for the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. As the protégée of chancellor Helmut Kohl, Merkel was appointed as Minister for Women and Youth in 1991, later becoming Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety in 1994. After the CDU lost the 1998 federal election, Merkel was elected general secretary of the party. She then became the party's first female leader, and the first female Leader of the Opposition, two years later.\nFollowing the 2005 federal election, Merkel was elected chancellor, leading a grand coalition consisting of the CDU, the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). She was the first woman to be elected chancellor, and the first chancellor of reunified Germany to have been raised in the former East Germany. In the 2009 federal election, the CDU obtained the largest share of the vote, and Merkel subsequently formed a coalition government with the Free Democratic Party (FDP), an alliance more favourable to the CDU than the grand coalition. In the 2013 federal election, the CDU won a landslide victory and formed a second grand coalition with the SPD, after the FDP lost all of its representation in the Bundestag. In the 2017 federal election, Merkel led the CDU to become the largest party for the fourth time, resulting in the formation of a third grand coalition with the SPD.\nIn foreign policy, Merkel emphasised international cooperation, both in the context of the EU and NATO, and the strengthening of transatlantic economic relations. In 2008, Merkel served as president of the European Council and played a central role in the negotiation of the Treaty of Lisbon and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Heinz-Josef Große", "paragraph_text": " of his backhoe loader, climbed up on it and jumped over the fence. A few metres before he reached West German territory at the top of a short slope above the border fence, he was spotted by two East German border guards, who opened fire. He was struck by nine bullets fired from Kalashnikov rifles. Fatally wounded, he bled to death just inside GDR territory, while a West German border patrol – who saw the whole incident – stood by helplessly. In their subsequent report on the incident, the East German border guards stated that \"the attempted breach of the border in the direction GDR-FRG was prevented by the use of firearms and the individual succumbed to fatal injuries.\"\n\nThe incident provoked controversy in West Germany and condemnation of the GDR's \"order to shoot\" policy. A memorial cross was erected on the West German side of the border by local members of the (West German) Christian Democratic Union on 17 June 1982. It was inscribed with the slogan Einigkeit - Recht - Freiheit (\"Unity - Justice - Freedom\"). Thereafter, on each anniversary of the shooting, up to 2,000 people at a time demonstrated against the division of Germany at the point overlooking where Große was shot. The event was closely monitored by the GDR's security forces, who photographed the participants. It was not without controversy of its own; some in the West criticised the protest as mere rhetoric.\nThe two border guards who shot Große were put on trial in 1996 in the district court of Mühlhausen. Aged 20 and 23 at the time of the shooting, the two former guards were convicted of joint homicide and given suspended sentences of one year and three months.\nGroße is today commemorated by the original cross erected in 1982 as well as a memorial and explanatory display set up next to it.Heinz-Josef Große was a 34-year-old East German (GDR) construction worker who was shot and killed on 29 March 1982 by GDR border guards on the Inner German border at Schifflersgrund, near Bad Sooden-Allendorf.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Literature of East Germany", "paragraph_text": "East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990. The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government. As a result, the literature of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than \"Boy meet Tractor literature\", but its study is now considered a legitimate field. Because of its language, the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable, if not the most reliable, sources about East Germany.\n\n\n== Cultural Heritage: German Socialists in the", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Sun (United Kingdom)", "paragraph_text": " It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline \"Why It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: \"ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat.\"Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally Labour. It supported the Labour Party led by Harold Wilson in the 1970 General Election, with the headline \"Why It Must Be Labour\" but by February 1974 it was calling for a vote for the Conservative Party led by Edward Heath while suggesting that it might support a Labour Party led by James Callaghan or Roy Jenkins. In the October election an editorial asserted: \"ALL our instincts are left rather than right and we would vote for any able politician who would describe himself as a Social Democrat.\"Politically, The Sun in the early Murdoch years, remained nominally LabourThe Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990sThe Sun has been openly antagonistic towards other European nations, particularly the French and Germans. During the 1980s and 1990s, the nationalities were routinely described in copy and headlines as \"frogs\", \"krauts\" or \"hun\". As the paper is opposed to the EU it has referred to foreign leaders who it deemed hostile to the UK in unflattering terms. Former President Jacques Chirac of France, for instance, was branded \"le Worm\". An unflattering picture of German chancellor Angela Merkel, taken from the rear, bore the headline \"I'm Big in the Bumdestag\" (17 April 2006).", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the shortened form of the name of Angela Merkel's birth country, once known for its border forces named Deutsche Grenzpolizei?	[ { "id": 21282, "question": "Which German chancellor was criticized by The Sun?", "answer": "Angela Merkel", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 692112, "question": "#1 >> country of citizenship", "answer": "East Germany", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 214799, "question": "Literature of #2 >> country", "answer": "German Democratic Republic", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 259594, "question": "Border Troops of #3 >> country", "answer": "GDR", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]	GDR	[ "German Democratic Republic", "East Germany" ]	true	What is the abbreviation for Angela Merkel's original home country that once had border troops called the Deutsche Grenzpolizei?
2hop__80834_21969	[ { "idx": 11, "title": "Edmund Burke", "paragraph_text": " or Búrc which over the centuries became Burke).\nBurke adhered to his father's faith and remained a practising Anglican throughout his life, unlike his sister Juliana, who was brought up as and remained a Roman Catholic. Later, his political enemies repeatedly accused him of having been educated at the Jesuit College of St. Omer, near Calais, France; and of harbouring secret Catholic sympathies at a time when membership in the Catholic Church would disqualify him from public office per Penal Laws in Ireland. As Burke told Frances Crewe:\n\nMr. Burke's Enemies often endeavoured to convince the World that he had been bred up in the Catholic Faith, & that his Family were of it, & that he himself had been educated at St. Omer—but this was false, as his father was a regular practitioner of the Law at Dublin, which he could not be unless of the Established Church: & it so happened that though Mr. B was twice at Paris, he never happened to go through the Town of St. Omer.\nAfter being elected to the House of Commons, Burke took the required oath of allegiance and abjuration, the oath of supremacy and the declaration against transubstantiation.\nAs a child, Burke sometimes spent time away from the unhealthy air of Dublin with his mother's family near Killavullen in the Blackwater Valley in County Cork. He received his early education at a Quaker school in Ballitore, County Kildare, some 67 kilometres (42 mi) from Dublin; and possibly like his cousin Nano Nagle at a Hedge school near Killavullen. He remained in correspondence with his schoolmate from there, Mary Leadbeater, the daughter of the school's owner, throughout his life.\nIn 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment which up until 1793 did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, Edmund Burke's Club, which in 1770 merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society, the oldest undergraduate society in the world. The minutes of the meetings of Burke's Club remain in the collection of the Historical Society. Burke graduated from Trinity in 1748. Burke's father wanted him to read Law and with this in mind, he went to London in 1750, where he entered the Middle Temple, before soon giving up legal study to travel in Continental Europe. After eschewing the Law, he pursued a livelihood through writing.\n\n\n== Early writing ==\nThe late Lord Bolingbroke's Letters on the Study and Use of History was published in 1752 and his collected works appeared in 1754. This provoked Burke into writing his first published work, A Vindication of Natural Society: A View of the Miseries and Evils Arising to Mankind, appearing in Spring 1756. Burke imitated Bolingbroke's style and ideas in a reductio ad absurdum of his arguments for deistic rationalism in order to demonstrate their absurdity.\n\nBurke claimed that Bolingbroke's arguments against revealed religion could apply to all social and civil institutions as well. Lord Chesterfield and Bishop Warburton as well as others initially thought that the work was genuinely by Bolingbroke rather than a satire. All the reviews of the work were positive, with critics especially appreciative of Burke's quality of writing. Some reviewers failed to notice the ironic nature of the book which led to Burke stating in the preface to the second edition (1757) that it was a satire.\nRichard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose, arguing that an ironist \"should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation. Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc'd, not only in the language, and on the principles of L. Bol., but with so apparent, or rather so real an earnestness, that half his purpose is sacrificed to the other\". A minority of scholars have taken the position that in fact Burke did write the Vindication in earnest, later disowning it only for political reasons.\nIn 1757, Burke published a treatise on aesthetics titled A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful that attracted the attention of prominent Continental thinkers such as Denis Diderot and Immanuel Kant. It was his only purely philosophical work, completed in 1753. When asked by Sir Joshua Reynolds and French Laurence to expand it thirty years later, Burke replied that he was no longer fit for abstract speculation.\nOn 25 February 1757, Burke signed a contract with Robert Dodsley to write a \"history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to the end of the reign of Queen Anne\", its length being eighty quarto sheets (640 pages), nearly 400,000 words. It was to be submitted for publication by Christmas 1758. Burke completed the work to the year 1216 and stopped; it was not published until after Burke's death, in an 1812 collection of his works, An Essay Towards an Abridgement of the English History. G. M. Young did not value Burke's history and claimed that it was \"demonstrably a translation from the French\". On commenting on the story that Burke stopped his history because David Hume published his, Lord Acton said \"it is ever to be regretted that the reverse did not occur\".\nDuring the year following that contract, Burke founded with Dodsley the influential Annual Register, a publication in which various authors evaluated the international political events of the previous year. The extent to which Burke contributed to the Annual Register is unclear. In his biography of Burke, Robert Murray quotes the Register as evidence of Burke's opinions, yet Philip Magnus in his biography does not cite it directly as a reference. Burke remained the chief editor of the publication until at least 1789 and there is no evidence that any other writer contributed to it before 1766.\nOn 12 March 1757, Burke married Jane Mary Nugent (1734–1812), daughter of Dr. Christopher Nugent, a Catholic physician who had provided him with medical treatment at Bath. Their son Richard was born on 9 February 1758 while a second son, Christopher (born that December), died in infancy. Burke also helped raise a ward, Edmund Nagle (later Admiral Sir Edmund Nagle), the son of a maternal cousin orphaned in 1763.\nAt about this same time, Burke was introduced to William Gerard Hamilton (known as \"Single-speech Hamilton\"). When Hamilton was appointed Chief Secretary for Ireland, Burke accompanied him to Dublin as his private secretary, a position he held for three years. In 1765, Burke became private secretary to the liberal Whig politician Charles, Marquess of Rockingham, then Prime Minister of Great Britain, who remained Burke's close friend and associate until his death in 1782.\n\n\n== Member of Parliament ==\n\nIn December 1765, Burke entered the House of Commons of the British Parliament as Member for Wendover in Buckinghamshire, a pocket borough in the gift of Lord Fermanagh, later 2nd Earl Verney and a close political ally of Rockingham. After Burke delivered his maiden speech, William Pitt the Elder said he had \"spoken in such a manner as to stop the mouths of all Europe\" and that the Commons should congratulate itself on acquiring such a Member.\nThe first great subject Burke addressed was the controversy with the American colonies which soon developed into war and ultimate separation. In reply to the 1769 Grenvillite pamphlet The Present State of the Nation, he published his own pamphlet titled ObservationsFor years Burke pursued impeachment efforts against Warren Hastings, formerly Governor-General of Bengal, that resulted in the trial during 1786. His interaction with the British dominion of India began well before Hastings' impeachment trial. For two decades prior to the impeachment, Parliament had dealt with the Indian issue. This trial was the pinnacle of years of unrest and deliberation. In 1781 Burke was first able to delve into the issues surrounding the East India Company when he was appointed Chairman of the Commons Select Committee on East Indian Affairs—from that point until the end of the trial; India was Burke's primary concern. This committee was charged \"to investigate alleged injustices in Bengal, the war with Hyder Ali, and other Indian difficulties\". While Burke and the committee focused their attention on these matters, a second 'secret' committee was formed to assess the same issues. Both committee reports were written by Burke. Among other purposes, the reports conveyed to the Indian princes that Britain would not wage war on them, along with demanding that the HEIC recall Hastings. This was Burke's first call for substantive change regarding imperial practices. When addressing the whole House of Commons regarding the committee report, Burke described the Indian issue as one that \"began 'in commerce' but 'ended in empire.'\" conservative faction of the Whig Party which he dubbed the Old Whigs as opposed to the pro-French Revolution New Whigs led by Charles James Fox.\nIn the 19th century, Burke was praised by both conservatives and liberals. Subsequently, in the 20th century, he became widely regarded, especially in the United States, as the philosophical founder of conservatism, along with his more conservative counterpart, Joseph de Maistre.\n\n\n== Early life ==\n\nBurke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary, née Nagle, was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a County Cork family and a cousin of the Catholic educator Nano Nagle, whereas his father Richard, a successful solicitor, was a member of the Church of Ireland. It remains unclear whether this is the same Richard Burke who converted from Catholicism. The Burgh (Burke) dynasty descends from the Anglo-Norman knight, William de Burgh, who arrived in Ireland in 1185 following Henry II of England's 1171 invasion of Ireland and is among the \"chief Gall or Old English families that assimilated into Gaelic society\" (the surname de Burgh (Latinised as de Burgo) was g", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Governor-General of India", "paragraph_text": " of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the Emperor/Empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Monarch of India. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the \"Governor-General of India\".\nIn 1858, because of the Indian Rebellion the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British Crown; as a consequence, company rule in India was succeeded by the British Raj. The governor-general (now also the Viceroy) headed the central government of India, which administered theViceroy and Governor - General of India Standard of the Governor - General Louis Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of India & the first governor - general during the dominion period Style His Excellency Residence Viceroy's House Appointer East India Company (to 1858) Monarch of India (from 1858) Formation 20 October 1774 First holder Warren Hastings Final holder Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari Abolished 26 January 1950 title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all ofGovernors - General served at the pleasure of the sovereign, though the practice was to have them serve five - year terms. Governors - General could have their commission rescinded; and if one was removed, or left, a provisional governor - general was sometimes appointed until a new holder of the office could be chosen. The first Governor - General of British India was Warren Hastings, and the first Governor - General of independent India was Louis Mountbatten.The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the Emperor/Empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Monarch of India. The office was created in 1773, with the title of Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William. The officer had direct control only over his presidency but supervised other East India Company officials in India. Complete authority over all of British territory in the Indian subcontinent was granted in 1833, and the official came to be known as the \"Governor-General of India\".\nIn 1858, because of the Indian Rebellion the previous year, the territories and assets of the East India Company came under the direct control of the British Crown; as a consequence, company rule in India was succeeded by the British Raj. The governor-general (now also the Viceroy) headed the central government of India, which administered the provinces of British India, including Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Punjab, the United Provinces, and others. However, much of India was not ruled directly by the British Government; outside the provinces of British India, there were hundreds of nominally independent princely states or \"native states\", whose relationship was not with the British Government or the United Kingdom, but", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the impeachment occur for the individual who initially held the position of Viceroy of the British Empire in India?	[ { "id": 80834, "question": "who was the first viceroy of the british empire in india", "answer": "Warren Hastings", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 21969, "question": "When was #1 impeached?", "answer": "1786", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]	1786	[]	true	When was the person who was the first viceroy of the British Empire in India impeached?
2hop__386236_350892	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "The Sitwells", "paragraph_text": " Sacheverell Sitwell), from Scarborough, North Yorkshire, were three siblings who formed an identifiable literary and artistic clique around themselves in London in the period roughly 1916 to 1930. This was marked by some well-publicised events, notably Edith's \"Façade\" with music by William Walton, with its public debut in 1923. All three Sitwells wrote; for a while their circle was considered by some to rival Bloomsbury, though others dismissed them as attention-seekers rather than serious artists.TheThe Sitwells (Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell), from Scarborough, North Yorkshire, were three siblings who formed an identifiable literary and artistic clique around themselves in London in the period roughly 1916 to 1930. This was marked by some well-publicised events, notably Edith's \"Façade\" with music by William Walton, with its public debut in 1923. All three Sitwells wrote; for a while their circle was considered by some to rival Bloomsbury, though others dismissed them as attention-seekers rather than serious artists. Wheels anthologies ==\nThe first Sitwell venture was the series of Wheels anthologies produced from 1916. These were seen either as a counterweight to the contemporary Edward Marsh Georgian Poetry anthologies, or as light 'society verse' collections. They did not really match the Imagist anthologies of the same years, or the modernist wing, in terms of finding poets with important careers ahead of them, but included both Nancy Cunard and Aldous Huxley.\n\n\n=== Wheels 1916 ===\nNancy Cunard,The Sitwells (Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell), from Scarborough, North Yorkshire, were three siblings who formed an identifiable literary and artistic clique around themselves in London in the period roughly 1916 to 1930. This was marked by some well-publicised events, notably Edith's \"Façade\" with music by William Walton, with its public debut in 1923. All three Sitwells wrote; for a while their circle was considered by some to rival Bloomsbury, though others dismissed them as attention-seekers rather than serious artists.The Sitwells (Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell), from Scarborough, North Yorkshire, were three siblings who formed an identifiable literary and artistic clique around themselves in London in the period roughly 1916 to 1930. This was marked by some well-publicised events, notably Edith's Façade with music by William Walton, with its public debut in 1923. All three Sitwells wrote; for a while their circle was considered by some to rival Bloomsbury, though others dismissed them as attention-seekers rather than serious artists.\n\n\n== Wheels anthologies ==\nThe first Sitwell venture was the series of Wheels anthologies produced from 1916. These were seen either as a counterweight to the contemporary Edward Marsh Georgian Poetry anthologies, or as light 'society verse' collections. They did not really match the Imagist anthologies of the same years, or the modernist wing, in terms of finding poets with important careers ahead of them, but included both Nancy Cunard and Aldous Huxley.\n\n\n=== Wheels 1916 ===\nNancy Cunard, Arnold James, V. T. Perowne, Helen Rootham, Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell, Edward Tennant, Iris Tree\n\n\n=== Wheels 1917 ===\nAldous Huxley, Arnold James, Helen Rootham, Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell, Edward Tennant, Iris Tree, Sherard Vines\n\n\n=== Wheels 1918 ===\nÁlvaro Guevara, Aldous Huxley, Arnold James, Edith Sitwell, Osbert Sitwell, Sacheverell Sitwell, Iris Tree, Sherard Vines\n\n\n=== Wheels 1919 ===\nAldous Huxley, Arnold James, Wilfred Owen, Francesco Quevedo, Edith", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Reresby Sitwell", "paragraph_text": " Mrs Rick Hayward.\nHe was the nephew of poet and critic Dame Edith Sitwell. During his lifetime, Sitwell wrote a new variation upon the Robin Hood tale, was a partner in a wine business with Bruce Shand, and became known for his support of the arts and the upkeep of Renishaw Hall.\nHe served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1983.\n\n\n== References ==Sir Sacheverell Reresby Sitwell, 7th Baronet (15 April 1927 – 31 March 2009) was the head of the Sitwell family, and owner of Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire.\nThe elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Sandroyd School then Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of the 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004, and his sister-in-law Susanna Cross. \nDue to Sir Reresby and his brother being \"never in harmony\", he bequeathed Renishaw Hall to his daughter (and only child) Alexandra, Mrs Rick Hayward.\nHe was the nephew of poet and critic Dame Edith Sitwell. During his lifetime, Sitwell wrote a new variation upon the Robin Hood tale, was a partner in a wine business with Bruce Shand, and became known for his support of the arts and the upkeep of Renishaw Hall.\nHe served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1983.\n\n\n== References ==Sir Sacheverell Reresby Sitwell, 7th Baronet (15 April 1927 – 31 March 2009) was the head of the Sitwell family, and owner of Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire.\nThe elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Sandroyd School then Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of the 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004, and his sister-in-law Susanna Cross. \nDue to Sir Reresby and his brother being \"never in harmony\", he bequeathed Renishaw Hall to hisThe elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004.SThe elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of Bernard Forbes, 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004. a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of the 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004, and his sister-in-law Susanna Cross. \nDue to Sir Reresby and his brother being \"never in harmony\", he bequeathed Renishaw Hall to his daughter (and only child) Alexandra, Mrs Rick Hayward.\nHe was the nephew of poet and critic Dame Edith Sitwell. During his lifetime, Sitwell wrote a new variation upon the Robin Hood tale, was a partner in a wine business with Bruce Shand, and became known for his support of the arts and the upkeep of Renishaw Hall.\nHe served as High Sheriff of Derbyshire in 1983.\n\n\n== References ==Sir Sacheverell Reresby Sitwell, 7th Baronet (15 April 1927 – 31 March 2009) was the head of the Sitwell family, and owner of Renishaw Hall, Derbyshire.\nThe elder son of Sir Sacheverell Sitwell, 6th Baronet, he was educated at Sandroyd School then Eton College and King's College, Cambridge, but left the latter of his own volition without a degree. He married Penelope Forbes, the niece of the 8th Earl of Granard, in 1952. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by George Sitwell, the son of his brother Francis, who died in 2004, and his sister-in-law Susanna Cross. \nDue to Sir Reresby and his brother being \"never in harmony\", he be", "is_supporting": true } ]	Where did the sibling of Osbert Sitwell receive their education?	[ { "id": 386236, "question": "Osbert Sitwell >> sibling", "answer": "Sacheverell Sitwell", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 350892, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "Eton College", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]	Eton College	[]	true	Where was Osbert Sitwell's sibling educated?
2hop__70930_7298	[ { "idx": 7, "title": "The One That Got Away (Katy Perry song)", "paragraph_text": " of the song to American mainstream and rhythmic contemporary radio stations on October 11. The single was issued to Italian radios through EMI Music Publishing on October 28. On December 2, the remix EP of \"The One That Got Away\" was released. The remix featuring American rapper B.o.B was issued by Capitol Records to American pop and rhythmic radios on December 15, followed by a digital release of the song five days later. Acoustic rendition of the song was released on January 16, 2012.\nCapitol Records said that they are not specifically releasing the song in hopes of it reaching number one and rewriting Hot 100 history (since Perry was the first woman to obtain five number ones on the chart from one album), rather the decision came out of \"Perry's fondness for the song, its ear-catching hook and her obvious track record of success at pop radio\". EMI Music/Capitol Records EVP/marketing and promotion Greg Thompson told Billboard that, \"if it goes to No. 1, that would be great, If not, we still have a Katy song on the radio in fourth quarter\", presumably boosting sales for Teenage Dream in the Christmas season.\n\n\n== Composition and writing ==\n\nOriginally titled \"In Another Life\", the song was produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin, both of whom co-wrote it with Perry. It is a midtempo pop song positioned on the piece of E major and has a tempo of 134 beats per minute. Joanna Holcombe from Yahoo! Music noted that the song is about first loves. Leah Greenblatt from Entertainment WeeklyOriginally titled ``In Another Life '', the song was produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin, both of whom co-wrote it with Perry. It is a midtempo pop song positioned on the piece of E major and has a tempo of 134 beats per minute. Joanna Holcombe from Yahoo! Music noted that the song is about first loves. Leah Greenblatt from Entertainment Weekly, said that the song is`` a midtempo ode to a summer - after - high - school love with whom she recalls sharing Mustang makeout sessions to Radiohead '''. Michael Wood from Spin magazine said that the song is one of the album's quieter cuts and that it recall (s) ``Perry's singer - songwriter days at L.A.'s Hotel Café ''. The song follows the chord progression of E -- G �� m -- C �� m -- A, and Perry's vocal range spans from B to E. Kitty Empire noticed that Perry's vocal is wistful throughout the song and that the references to June and Johnny Cash were unexpected. Rob Sheffield from Rolling Stone stated that when Perry sings,' I was June, and you were my Johnny Cash, '`` it's understood that she's thinking of the scrubbed - up Hollywood version of June and Johnny, from Walk the Line.'' In 2017, the singer revealed that ``The One That Got Away ''was about Josh Groban.\"Originally titled ``In Another Life '', the song was produced by Dr. Luke and Max Martin, both of whom co-wrote it with Perry. It is a midtempo pop song positioned on the piece of E major and has a tempo of 134 beats per minute. Joanna Holcombe from Yahoo! Music noted that the song is about first loves. Leah Greenblatt from Entertainment Weekly, said that the song is`` a midtempo ode to a summer - after - high - school love with whom she recalls sharing Mustang makeout sessions to Radiohead '''. Michael Wood from Spin magazine said that the song is one of the album's quieter cuts and that it recall (s) ``Perry's singer - songwriter days at L.A.'s Hotel Café ''. The song follows the chord progression of E -- G ♯ m -- C ♯ m -- A, and Perry's vocal range spans from B to E. Kitty Empire noticed that Perry's vocal is wistful throughout the song and that the references to June and Johnny Cash were unexpected. Rob Sheffield from Rolling Stone stated that when Perry sings,' I was June, and you were my Johnny Cash, '`` it's understood that she's thinking of the scrubbed - up Hollywood version of June and Johnny, from Walk the Line.'' In 2017, the singer revealed that ``The One That Got Away ''was about Josh Groban., including Kelly Clarkson, Olivia Rodrigo and Conan Gray, Richard Marx, Jordan Pruitt, Selena Gomez & the Scene, and Tate McRae.\n\n\n== Release and artwork ==\nOn September 13, 2011, at the New York City's Irving Plaza, Capitol Records confirmed to Billboard that \"The One That Got Away\" would be the sixth single from Teenage Dream. Perry said from the label:\n\n\"I'm so pleased to select 'The One That Got Away' as my sixth single because this song shows a very different side of me that I haven't shown with my past singles on this record, I think that everyone can relate to this song. I wrote [it] about when you promise someone forever, but you end up not being able to follow through. It's a bittersweet story. Hopefully, the listener learns from hearing it and never has to say they had 'The One' get away.\"\nLater that month, Perry wrote the following message on her Twitter account: \"The One That Got Away... It's happening!!!\", along with a picture of the official single artwork. The artwork shows a pink-haired Perry looking up at the sky while wearing a disc-shaped hat. The photo gives", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": " music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. MuchWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts. is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\n", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which renowned pop musician, who began his journey in adult contemporary radio, is also the subject of the song The One That Got Away?	[ { "id": 70930, "question": "who is the one that got away about", "answer": "Josh Groban", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 7298, "question": "Along with #1 , what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?", "answer": "Michael Bublé", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	Michael Bublé	[]	true	Along with the person that The One That Got Away is about, what notable pop artist started his career in adult contemporary radio?
4hop2__161602_426860_88460_63559	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "2020 AFC U-23 Championship qualification", "paragraph_text": " Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phaseOf the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament. Confederation (AFC) for under-23 national teams. A total of 16 teams competed in the tournament. It took place between 8–26 January 2020 in Thailand.\nThe tournament acted as the AFC qualifiers for the 2020 Summer Olympics men's football tournament. The top three teams of the tournament would qualify for the Olympics in Japan as the AFC representatives. As Japan had already qualified as the hosts, had they reached the semi-finals, the other semi-finalists were guaranteed qualification even before the phase would have commenced.\nUzbekistan were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the semi-finals. South Korea became the fourth different country to win the tournament, beating Saudi Arabia in the final, while Australia defeated Uzbekistan in the third place game 1–0.\n\n\n== Host selection ==\nSeveral nations expressed interest to host the tournament,Of the 47 AFC member associations, a total of 44 teams entered the competition. The final tournament hosts Thailand decided to participate in qualification despite having automatically qualified for the final tournament.The 202", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Geography of Myanmar", "paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco IslandsMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Names of Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "particularly non-Burmans minorities—consider these names to be exclusionary.\n\n\n=== \"Bama\" ===\nThe colloquial name Bama is supposed to have originated from the name Myanma by shortening of the first syllable, from loss of nasal final \"an\" (/-à��/), reduced to non-nasal \"a\" (/-à/), and loss of \"y\" (/-j-/) glide), and then by transformation of \"m\" into \"b\". This sound change from \"m\" to \"b\" is frequent in colloquial Burmese and occurs in many other words. Although Bama may be a later transformation of the name Myanma, both names have been in use alongside each other for centuries. King Mindon in the mid-19th century was the first to refer to himself as the king of the 'MMa Thanegi records that the first use of the name 'Mranma' for the country is to be found on a 3 feet (91 cm) high stone inscription dated 597 ME (Traditional Burmese calendar) or 1235 CE. The stone is from the reign of Kyaswa, (1234 - 1250) son of King Htilominlo (Nadaungmya), Bagan. It is written in early Burmese script. Although the middle of the front side of this stone is damaged, the first line of the better - protected reverse side clearly shows မြန်မာပြည် (``Mranma kingdom ''). The inscription is known as the 'Yadana Kon Htan Inscription'. At present it is in Bagan recorded as stone number 43 in the Archaeological Department's collection.: ��) was an old name used by Myanmar Country, yet later was changed by Burma's government from the \"Union of Burma\" to the \"Republic of the Union of Myanmar\". Since then, those name changes have been the subject of controversies and mixed incidences of adoption.\n\n\n== Burmese names ==\nIn the Burmese language, Burma is known as Myanmar Pyi (Burmese: ��). Myanmar Pyi is the written, literary name of the country, while Bama is the spoken name of the country. Burmese, like Javanese and other languages of Southeast Asia, has different levels of register, with sharp differences between literary and spoken language.\nBoth names derive ultimately from the endonym of the largest ethnic group in Burma, the Burmans, also known as Bama or Mranma in the spoken register and in the literary register, respectively. As such, some groups—particularly non-Burmans minorities—consider these names to be exclusionary.\n\n\n=== \"Bama\" ===\nThe colloquial name Bama is supposed to", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "That Dam", "paragraph_text": "ientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao ��, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane roadThat Dam (Lao ທາດດຳ, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.olonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in VThat Dam (Lao ��, meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. Many Laotians believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese army in 1827.That Dam (Lao �� [t��â��t dàm], meaning Black Stupa) is a large stupa located in Vientiane, Laos. The stupa is situated in the middle of the roundabout between Chantha Khoumane road and Bartholonie road.\nMany Lao people believe it is inhabited by a seven-headed nāga who tried to protect them from an invasion by the Siamese", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the name change occur for Burma to the name of the nation which is the geographic border between the tournament hosting country and the country home to That Dam?	[ { "id": 161602, "question": "Who hosted the tournament?", "answer": "Thailand", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 426860, "question": "That Dam >> country", "answer": "Laos", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 88460, "question": "what natural boundary lies between #1 and #2", "answer": "Myanmar", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 63559, "question": "when was the name burma changed to #3", "answer": "1235", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]	1235	[]	true	When was Burma's name changed to that of the country on the natural boundary between the country that hosted the tournament and the country where That Dam is from?
4hop1__152028_141441_458768_33633	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Santa Monica, California", "paragraph_text": " party of explorer Gaspar de Portolá, which camped near the present-day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769.\nThere are two different accounts of how the city's name came to be. One says it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is May 4. Another version says it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs, that were reminiscent of the tears Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.\n\n\n=== Mexican era ===\n\nIn 1839, Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado granted Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica to Francisco Sepúlveda II, of theSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety.Santa Monica (Spanish for 'Saint Monica'; Spanish: Santa Mónica) is a city in Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 U.S. Census population was 93,076. Santa Monica is a popular resort town, owing to its climate, beaches, and hospitality industry. It has a diverse economy, hosting headquarters of companies such as Hulu, Activision Blizzard, Universal Music Group, Lionsgate, Illumination and The Recording Academy.\nSanta Monica traces its history to Rancho San Vicente y Santa Mónica, granted in 1839 to the Sepúlveda family of California. The rancho was later sold to John P. Jones and Robert Baker, who in 1875, along with his Californio heiress wife Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded SantaSanta Monica was long inhabited by the Tongva people. Santa Monica was called Kecheek in the Tongva language. The first non-indigenous group to set foot in the area was the party of explorer Gaspar de Portolà, who camped near the present day intersection of Barrington and Ohio Avenues on August 3, 1769. There are two different versions of the naming of the city. One says that it was named in honor of the feast day of Saint Monica (mother of Saint Augustine), but her feast day is actually May 4. Another version says that it was named by Juan Crespí on account of a pair of springs, the Kuruvungna Springs (Serra Springs), that were reminiscent of the tears that Saint Monica shed over her son's early impiety. Bandini de Stearns Baker, founded Santa Monica, which incorporated as a city in 1886. The city developed into a seaside resort during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the creation of tourist attractions such as Palisades Park, the Santa Monica Pier, Ocean Park, and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "MCA Records", "paragraph_text": " which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville.MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group),MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville.), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville.MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger MCA Music Entertainment Group (now Universal Music Group), which the label was part of until its dissolution in 2003. The label's country division MCA Nashville is a still active imprint of Universal Music Group Nashville.MCA Records was an American record label owned by MCA Inc., which later gave way to the larger M", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "The Right Stuff Records", "paragraph_text": " various labels owned by EMI Records and also leased-in labels such as Dick Griffey's SOLAR (the Sound of Los Angeles Records), the post-1976 Philadelphia International Records, Hi Records, Tabu Records and Salsoul Records. The label also owned Leon Russell and Denny Cordell's Shelter Records and the New York–based Laurie Records. The label also created many joint venture projects with outside brands such as Harley-Davidson, Hot Rod Magazine, Shape Magazine, and others. The label was started by former EMI and Capitol Records executive Tom Cartwright.\n\n\n== SelectedThe Right Stuff Records is a reissue record label that was part of EMI, which is now owned by Universal Music Group and is based out of Santa Monica, California..\nThe label primarily released classic rock and R&B repertoire which included greatest hits collections, anthologies", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Con-Test", "paragraph_text": " but the abrupt change in record labels led to a near-absence of promotion for both records.ConMCA Records picked up the reissue rights for \"Con-Test\", as well as Nash's \"American Band-ages\" in 1986, but the abrupt change in record labels led to a near-absence of promotion for both records. two artists seemed to share a common audience. FM's best known previous album was Black Noise whichMCA Records picked up the reissue rights for \"Con-Test\", as well as Nash's \"American Band-ages\" in 1986, but the abrupt change in record labels led to a near-absence of promotion for both records.Con-Test is the fifth album by FM, a progressive rock band from Toronto, Canada, released in 1985.\n\n\n== Background ==\nIn 1983, former group member Nash the Slash proposed a future double bill tour with FM, as the two artists seemed to share a common audience. FM's best known previous album was Black Noise which he made with them in 1977. But they had not yet found a replacement for Ben Mink who had replaced Nash in 1977, and then left the group in 1983. Nash resolved the problem by rejoining the band, although work on a new album, even in its demo phase, did not", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the date that the explorer arrived at the central office of the organization that includes Con-Test's record label?	[ { "id": 152028, "question": "Which was the record label for Con-Test?", "answer": "MCA Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 141441, "question": "What company is #1 part of?", "answer": "Universal Music Group", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 458768, "question": "#2 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Santa Monica", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 33633, "question": "What date did the explorer reach #3 ?", "answer": "August 3, 1769", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	August 3, 1769	[]	true	When did the explorer reach the headquarters location of the group Con-Test's record label is part of?
3hop2__125104_127483_10557	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Auctor", "paragraph_text": " a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious \"power of command\" of heroic Roman figures.\nNoble women could also achieve a degree of auctoritas. For example, the wives, sisters, and mothers of the Julio-Claudians had immense influence on society, the masses, and the political apparatus. Their auctoritas was exercised less overtly than that of their male counterparts due to Roman societal norms, but they were powerful nonetheless.\n\n\n== Etymology and origin ==\nAccording to linguist Emile Benveniste, auctor (which also gives us English \"author\") is derived from Latin augeō (\"to augment\", \"to enlarge\", \"to enrich\"). The auctor is \"is qui auAuctor is Latin for author or originator. The term is used in Scholasticism for a \"renowned scholar\", and in biological taxonomy for the scientist describing a species or other taxon. The term is widely replaced by author in English-language works..\nIn ancient Rome, auctoritas referred to the level of prestige a person had in Roman society, and, as a consequence, his standing, influence, and ability to rally support around his will. Auctoritas was not merely political, however; it had a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious \"power of command\" of heroic Roman figures.\nNoble women could also achieve a degree of auctoritas. For example, the wives, sisters, and mothers of the Julio-Claudians had immense influence on society, the masses, and the political apparatus. Their auctoritas was exercised less overtly than that of their male counterparts due to Roman societal norms, but they were powerful nonetheless.\n\n\n== Etymology and origin ==\nAccording to linguist Emile Benveniste, auctor (which also gives us English \"author\") is derived from Latin augeō (\"to augment\", \"to enlarge\", \"to enrich\"). The auctor is \"is qui auget\", the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another. Arguably, Benveniste defended that Latin \"auctoritas\" was", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": " which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational argumentation known as scholasticism. Mass pilgrimages prompted the construction of massive Romanesque churches, while structural innovations led to the development of the more delicate Gothic architecture.\nCalamities which included a great famine and the Black Death, which reduced the population by 50 per cent, began the Late Middle Ages in the 14th century. ConfCharlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Rotrude", "paragraph_text": "Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (775/778 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (775/778 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (c.775 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nFew clear records remain of Rotrude's early life. She was educated in the Palace School by Alcuin, who affectionately calls her Columba in his letters to her. When she was six, her father betrothed her to the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI, whose mother Irene was ruling as regent. The Greeks called her Erythro (��ρυθρ��) and sent a scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners. However, the alliance fell apart by 786 when she was eleven and Constantine's mother, Irene, broke the engagement in 788.\nEither shortly before or after the dissolution of the engagement, King Charles declared that he would never allow any of his daughters to marry - so Rotrude and her sisters Beatrude (sometimes called Beatris or Berta) and Gisella never wed. They remained as companions and counselors to their father - dining with him, traveling and studying with him. They each took lovers and had children, however.\nRotrude had a relationship with Rorgo of Rennes and had one son with him, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis (800 – 9 January 867). She never married.\n\n\n== Later life ==\nRotrude eventually became a nun, joining her aunt Gisela, abbess of Chelles. The two women authored a letter to Alcuin of York, who was at Tours at the time, requesting that he write a commentary explaining the Gospel of John. As a result, Alcuin eventually produced his seven-book Commentaria in Iohannem Evangelistam, a more accessible companion to the gospel than St. Augustine's massive and challenging Tractatus in St. John. Commentators have dated the letter to the spring of 800, four years before Alcuin's death and ten before Rotrude's.\nIn contemporary views of history, most scholars discriminate between the two phases of Rotrude's life. Political histories of her father Charlemagne discuss her as a princess who was potentially a pawn and a woman of questionable morals, while religious histories discuss her as the second nun in the letter from Chelles.\n\n\n== Ancestry ==\n\n\n== References ==Rotrude (or sometimes referred to as Hruodrud/Hruodhaid) (c.775 – 6 June 810) was a Frankish princess, the second daughter of Charlemagne from his marriage to Hildegard.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nFew clear records remain of Rotrude's early life. She was educated in the Palace School by Alcuin, who affectionately calls her Columba in his letters to her. When she was six, her father betrothed her to the Byzantine emperor Constantine VI, whose mother Irene was ruling as regent. The Greeks called her Erythro (��ρυθρ��) and sent a scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners. However, the alliance fell apart by 786 when she was eleven and Constantine's mother, Irene, broke the engagement in 788.\nEither shortly before or after the dissolution of the engagement, King Charles declared that he would never allow any of his daughters to marry - so Rotrude and her sisters Beatrude (sometimes called Beatris or Berta) and Gisella never wed. They remained as companions and counselors to their father - dining with him, traveling and studying with him. They each took lovers and had children, however.\nRotrude had a relationship with Rorgo of Rennes and had one son with him, Louis, Abbot of Saint-Denis (800 – 9 January 867). She never married.\n\n\n== Later life ==\nRotrude eventually became a nun, joining her aunt Gisela, abbess of Chelles. The two women authored a letter to Alcuin of York, who was at Tours at the time, requesting that he write a commentary explaining the Gospel of John. As a result, Alcuin eventually produced his seven-book Commentaria in Iohannem Evangelistam, a more accessible companion to the gospel than St. Augustine's massive and challenging Tractatus in St. John. Commentators have dated the letter to the spring of 800, four years before Alcuin's death and ten before Rotrude's.\nIn contemporary views of history, most scholars discriminate between the two phases of Rotrude's life. Political histories of her father Charlemagne discuss her as a princess who was potentially a pawn and a woman of questionable morals, while religious histories discuss her as the second nun in the letter from Chelles.\n\n\n== Ancestry ==", "is_supporting": true } ]	In the time period when Rotrude's father gained subsequent recognition, from which language did the term Auctor originate?	[ { "id": 125104, "question": "Who was Rotrude's father?", "answer": "Charlemagne", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 127483, "question": "In what language is Auctor?", "answer": "Latin", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 10557, "question": "What was the #2 of #1 's era later known as?", "answer": "Medieval Latin", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 } ]	Medieval Latin	[]	true	What was the language Auctor comes from during the era of Rotrude's father later known as?
2hop__697790_864352	[ { "idx": 9, "title": "Fletcher Webster", "paragraph_text": " 1884) married James Geddes Day.\nDuring the Civil War, Webster served as colonel of the 12th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. The unit was known in the Army of the Potomac as \"The Webster Regiment\" in honor of their commander. While reinforcing Union forces attempting to repel Longstreet's counterattack, Webster was mortally wounded on Chinn Ridge in defense of Henry House Hill in the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30, 1862.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nA memorial boulder stands in Manassas National Battlefield Park in Colonel Webster's honor. A memorial to the Webster Regiment stands in Gettysburg National Park. He is also memorialized on the marble PRO PATRIA shield in the lobby of the Boston Latin School.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nBrief of Fletcher Webster\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Fletcher Webster at Wikimedia CommonsDaniel Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 – August 30, 1862) was an American diplomat and Union Army officer. He was the son of Daniel Webster, the 14th and 19th U.S. Secretary of State.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nThe son of Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster, Fletcher graduated from Boston Latin School circa 1829 and from Harvard College in 1833.\nDuring his father's first term as Secretary of State, Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which, at the time, was the second most powerful office in the State Department. As chief clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new president, John Tyler.\nFletcher Webster married Caroline S. White on November 11, 1836. They raised two sons, Daniel (April 1840 – 2 September 1865) and Ashburton (7 December 1847 – 7 February 1879), and four daughters but three died in childhood. His third daughter Caroline W. Webster (24 October 1845 – 16 August 1884) married James Geddes Day.\nDuring the Civil War, Webster served as colonel of the 12th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry. The unit was known in the Army of the Potomac as \"The Webster Regiment\" in honor of their commander. While reinforcing Union forces attempting to repel Longstreet's counterattack, Webster was mortally wounded on Chinn Ridge in defense of Henry House Hill in the Second Battle of Bull Run on August 30, 1862.\n\n\n== Legacy ==\nA memorial boulder stands in Manassas National Battlefield Park in Colonel Webster's honor. A memorial to the Webster Regiment stands in Gettysburg National Park. He is also memorialized on the marble PRO PATRIA shield in the lobby of the Boston Latin School.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== Bibliography ==\nBrief of Fletcher Webster\n\n\n== External links ==\n Media related to Fletcher Webster at Wikimedia CommonsDaniel Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 – August Daniel Fletcher Webster, commonly known as Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire – August 30, 1862) was the son of renowned politician Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster. He was educated at Harvard College. During his father's first term as Secretary of State, Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which, at the time, was the second most powerful office in the State Department. As Chief Clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new President, John Tyler.DanielDaniel Fletcher Webster, commonly known as Fletcher Webster (July 25, 1813 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire – August 30, 1862) was the son of renowned politician Daniel Webster and Grace Fletcher Webster. He was educated at Harvard College. During his father's first term as Secretary of State, Fletcher served as Chief Clerk of the United States State Department which, at the time, was the second most powerful office in the State Department. As Chief Clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new President, John Tyler. the second most powerful office in the State Department. As chief clerk, he delivered the news of President William Henry Harrison's death to the new president, John Tyler.\nFletcher Webster married Caroline S. White on November 11, 1836. They raised two sons, Daniel (April 1840 – 2 September 1865) and Ashburton (7 December 1847 – 7 February 1879), and four daughters but three died in childhood. His third daughter Caroline W. Webster (24 October 1845 – 16 August 1884) married James Geddes Day.\nDuring the Civil War, Webster served as colonel of the 12th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Caroline LeRoy", "paragraph_text": " wedding was an upscale one with a large and fashionable assemblage.\nIn 1839,Caroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 in New York City – February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th Century statesman Daniel Webster. Her father was Herman LeRoy, who was once head of the commercial house of Leroy, Bayard, McKiven & Co., a large trading company that operated in different parts of the world. Her father was also the first Holland Consul to the United States. Caroline's mother was Hannah Cornell, daughter of the last Royal Attorney General of the State of North Carolina. Caroline was a descendant of Thomas Cornell.CarCaroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 in New York City – February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th Century statesman Daniel Webster. Her father was Herman LeRoy, who was once head of the commercial house of Leroy, Bayard, McKiven & Co., a large trading company that operated in different parts of the world. Her father was also the first Holland Consul to the United States. Caroline's mother was Hannah Cornell, daughter of the last Royal Attorney General of the State of North Carolina. Caroline was a descendant of Thomas Cornell. Cornell, was the last Royal Attorney General of North Carolina. Her aunt, Elizabeth Cornell, was married to banker William Bayard Jr., a close friend to Alexander Hamilton, and her first cousin, Harriet Elizabeth Bayard, was married to Stephen Van Rensselaer IV, the last patroon of the Manor of Rensselaerswyck.\n\n\n== Personal life ==\nShe was the second wife to Daniel Webster, after Grace Fletcher Webster's death. She met Webster at her father's house while Webster was a guest there. After only a few months of courtship they got married. Their wedding was an upscale one with a large and fashionable assemblage.\nIn 1839,Caroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 in New York City – February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th Century statesman Daniel Webster. Her father was Herman LeRoy, who was once head of the commercial house of Leroy, Bayard, McKiven & Co., a large trading company that operated in different parts of the world. Her father was also the first Holland Consul to the United States. Caroline's mother was Hannah Cornell, daughter of the last Royal Attorney General of the State of North Carolina. Caroline was a descendant of Thomas Cornell.Caroline LeRoy Webster (September 28, 1797 – February 26, 1882) was the second wife of 19th century statesman Daniel Webster.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nShe was a daughter of Hannah (", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the offspring of the person Caroline LeRoy is married to?	[ { "id": 697790, "question": "Caroline LeRoy >> spouse", "answer": "Daniel Webster", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 864352, "question": "#1 >> child", "answer": "Fletcher Webster", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]	Fletcher Webster	[]	true	Who is the child of Caroline LeRoy's spouse?
2hop__157285_556157	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Mtetengwe River", "paragraph_text": "we Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n== References ==The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n== References ==The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n== References ==The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n== References ==The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n== References ==The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary toThe Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle.TheThe Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n== References ==The Mtetengwe River is a tributary of the Mzingwane River in Beitbridge District, Zimbabwe. There are two dams on its tributaries: Tongwe Dam on the Tongwe River, which provides water for an irrigation scheme, and Giraffe Dam which supplies water for cattle. The Mtetengwe is the last east-bank tributary to join the Mzingwane River.\n\n\n==", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Mzingwane River", "paragraph_text": "aries of the Mzingwane River include the Insiza, Inyankuni, Ncema, Umchabezi (not to be confused with Mtshabezi) and Mtetengwe Rivers.\nThe lower Mzingwane River is a sand filled channel, with extensive alluvial aquifers in the river channel and below the alluvial plains. Estimated water resources potential of these aquifers ranges between 175,000 and 5,430,000 cubic metres (6,200,000 and 191,800,000The Mzingwane River, formerly known Umzingwane River as or Umzingwani River is a major left-bank tributary of the Limpopo River in Zimbabwe. It rises near Fort Usher, Matobo District, south of Bulawayo and flows into the Limpopo River near Beitbridge, downstream of the mouth of the Shashe River and upstream of the mouth of the Bubye River..\n\n\n== Hydrology ==\nThe Mzingwane River is an ephemeral river with flow generally restricted to the months when rain takes place (November to March), with most flow recorded between December and February, except where it has been modified by dam operations. The river contributes 9.3% of the mean annual runoff of the Limpopo Basin, making it the third largest tributary to the Limpopo basin.\nMajor tributaries of the Mzingwane River include the Insiza, Inyankuni, Ncema, Umchabezi (not to be confused with Mtshabezi) and Mtetengwe Rivers.\nThe lower Mzingwane River is a sand filled channel, with extensive alluvial aquifers in the river channel and below the alluvial plains. Estimated water resources potential of these aquifers ranges between 175,000 and 5,430,000 cubic metres (6,200,000 and 191,800,000 cu ft) in the channels and between 80,000 and 6,920,000 cubic metres (2,800,000 and 244,400,000 cu ft) in the plains. Currently, some of these aquifers are being used to provide water for domestic use, livestock watering and dip tanks, commercial irrigation and market gardening.\n\n\n== Settlements ==\nThe settlements below are ordered from the beginning of the river to its end:\n\nMbalabala village\nGwanda town\nWest Nicholson village\nBeitbridge town is located about 6 km ESE of the confluence of the Bubye River and the Limpopo on the border with South Africa. It was established in 1929.\n\n\n== Bridges and crossings ==\n\nThere are four main bridges over the Mzingwane River:\n\nBridge on main Bulawayo - Beitbridge road, between Esigodini and Mbalabala, downstream of Mzingwane Dam. There is also a rail bridge.\nBridge on main Mbalabala - Masvingo road.\nBridge on main Bulawayo - Beitbridge road at West Nicholson, downstream of confluence with Insiza River. There is also a rail bridge.\nBertie Knott Bridge, on the road from Beitbridge to Shashe Irrigation Scheme,", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which river serves as the outlet for the watercourse flowing into the Mtetengwe?	[ { "id": 157285, "question": "What river does Mtetengwe River turn into?", "answer": "Mzingwane River", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 556157, "question": "#1 >> mouth of the watercourse", "answer": "Limpopo River", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	Limpopo River	[ "Limpopo" ]	true	What river is the mouth of the watercourse that turns into the Mtetengwe?
3hop1__127716_157828_239539	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Serbian language", "paragraph_text": " Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr��pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian.\nSerbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian (latinica) was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSerbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a Slavic language (Indo-European), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian, Croatian, and Montenegrin. \"An examination of all the major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system.\" It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian, than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Slavic subgroup, but there are still significant differences in vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation to the standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian, although it is closer to the Kajkavian and Chakavian dialects of Serbo-Croatian).\n\n\n== Geographic distribution ==\nSpeakers by country:\n\nSerbia: 6,540,699 (official language)\nBosnia and HerzegovinaSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr̩̂pskiː]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, andSerbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr��pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official language of Serbia, co-official in the territory of Kosovo, and one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In addition, it is a recognized minority language in Montenegro, where it is spoken by the relative majority of the population, as well as in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.Serbian (српски / srpski, pronounced [sr��pski��]) is the standardized variety of the Serbo-Croatian language mainly used by Serbs. It is the official and national language of Serbia, one of the three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina and co-official in Montenegro and Kosovo. It is a recognized minority language in Croatia, North Macedonia, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and the Czech Republic.\nStandard Serbian is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of ��umadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis of standard Croatian, Bosnian, and Montenegrin varieties and therefore the Declaration on the Common Language of Croats, Bosniaks, Serbs, and Montenegrins was issued in 2017. The other dialect spoken by Serbs is Torlakian in southeastern Serbia, which is transitional to Macedonian and Bulgarian.\nSerbian is practically the only European standard language whose speakers are fully functionally digraphic, using both Cyrillic and Latin alphabets. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was devised in 1814 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić, who created it based on phonemic principles. The Latin alphabet used for Serbian (latinica) was designed by the Croatian linguist Ljudevit Gaj in the 1830s based on the Czech system with a one-to-one grapheme-phoneme correlation between the Cyrillic and Latin orthographies, resulting in a parallel system.\n\n\n== Classification ==\n\nSerbian is a standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a Slavic language (Indo-European), of the South Slavic subgroup. Other standardized forms of Serbo-Croatian are Bosnian, Croatian, and Montenegrin. \"An examination of all the major 'levels' of language shows that BCS is clearly a single language with a single grammatical system.\" It has lower intelligibility with the Eastern South Slavic languages Bulgarian and Macedonian, than with Slovene (Slovene is part of the Western South Sl", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Media in Pristina", "paragraph_text": " Pristina.\nRadio Television of Kosova (RTK) is the only public broadcaster both in Pristina and in all of Kosova as well, who continues to be financed directly by the state. All of the daily newspapers in Pristina have a readership throughout Kosova.\nAn important event which affected the development of the media, is that in University of Pristina since 2005 is established the Journalism Faculty within the Faculty of Philology in which a large number of young people are registered.\nMedia in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates, advertisements and political parties programs.\nThe freedom and pluralism of the media is guaranteed by the Constitution of Kosova. Censorship is forbidden, except in the cases of provocation of violence and discrimination. In according to organization Reporters without borders\nin 2013 Kosova was ranked in the 85th place, after a year Kosova made progress and was ranked in the 80th place.\n\n\n== Newspapers ==\nThe first newspaper was \"Rilindja\" (Renaissance), which first came out on February 12, 1945 in Prizren, and was the first newspaper in Albanian inside Yugoslavia. It was initially printed in the State Printing Shop in Prizren during the issues 1 to 60. Since issue 61, it was printed in Pristina Regional Printing House of the People's Front of Yugoslavia.\nIn the beginning, it had only four pages, being published weekly until June 27, 1948. After that it began to be published twice a week, on Sundays and Thursdays. Then, from November 1958, it started out as a daily paper (except on Fridays). By the year 1964, it appeared every day in a 20-page standard format, while on Saturdays and holidays in a 24-32 page format. On September 5, 1990, the Serbian government banned its publication. But with the entry of NATO forces, on June 12, 1999, it appeared again, but this time with additional pages and some of them in color.\nIt was undoubtedly one of the major sold newspapers in the Albanian sphere. Its maximum circulation was during New Year holidays, up to 234,000 copies. In 2002, the newspaper premises were blocked by UNMIK administration, and was listed as property of Kosova Agency of Privatisation, shutting it down abruptly.\nNowadays the two most popular newspapers are Koha Ditore and Kosova Sot. And in the absence of an official and impartial survey, both of them claim to be the most-read newspaper in Kosova. The newspapers use three systems of distribution, the most used system is Rilindja's system, but some newspapers, as Koha Ditore and Bota Sot, in their attempt to hide the correct information about readership, have developed their own systemsMedia in Pristina have followed all elections held in Kosova, especially a great impact was noted in Kosova local elections, 2013,where media dedicated most of their time in political debates,advertisements and political parties programs. based in Pristina.\nThe television industry developed in Pristina and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The four major broadcast networks, RTK, RTV21, KTV and Klan Kosova, are all headquartered in Pristina.\nRadio Television of Kosova (RTK) is the only public broadcaster both in Pristina and in all of Kosova as well, who continues to be financed directly by the state. All of the daily newspapers in Pristina have a readership throughout Kosova.\nAn important event which affected the development of the media, is that in University of Pristina since 2005 is established the Journalism Faculty within the Faculty of Philology in which a large number of", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Politika", "paragraph_text": " government\", but also often carries a negative connotation. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it.\nA variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external forcePolitika (; ) is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation in the Balkans and is considered to be Serbia's newspaper of record.PPolitika (; ) is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is the oldest daily newspaper still in circulation in the Balkans and is considered to be Serbia's newspaper of record. resources or status. The branch of social science that studies politics and government is referred to as political science.\nThey may be used positively in the context of a \"political solution\" which is compromising and non-violent, or descriptively as \"the art or science of government\", but also often carries a negative connotation. The concept has been defined in various ways, and different approaches have fundamentally differing views on whether it should be used extensively or in a limited way, empirically or normatively, and on whether conflict or co-operation is more essential to it.\nA variety of methods are deployed in politics, which include promoting one's own political views among people, negotiation with other political subjects, making laws, and exercising internal and external forcePolitika (; ) is a Serbian daily newspaper, published in Belgrade. Founded in 1904 by Vladislav F. Ribnikar, it is", "is_supporting": true } ]	In which location can the central base of the Radio Television be found in the nation where the co-official language shared with Politika is spoken?	[ { "id": 127716, "question": "What language is Politika written in?", "answer": "Serbian", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 157828, "question": "#1 is the co-official language of what country?", "answer": "Kosovo", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 239539, "question": "Radio Television of #2 >> headquarters location", "answer": "Pristina", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]	Pristina	[]	true	Where is the headquarter of the Radio Television of the country whose co-official language is the same as the one Politika is written in?
2hop__29367_29376	[ { "idx": 14, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": " National Right faction of the party has also been referred to as right-wing, and right-wing populist.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Party foundation ===\n\nThe Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade (Anti-socialist) Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by the second prime minister, Alfred Deakin, in response to Labor's growing electoral prominence. The Commonwealth Liberal Party merged with several Labor dissidents (including Billy Hughes) to form the Nationalist Party of Australia in 1917. That party, in turn, merged with Labor dissidents to form the UAP in 1931.\nThe UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election. In New South Wales, the party merged with the Commonwealth Party to form the Democratic Party, In Queensland the state party was absorbed into the Queensland People's Party.\nFrom 1942 onward Menzies had maintained his public profile with his series of \"The Forgotten People\" radio talks—similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's fireside chats of the 1930s—in which he spoke of the middle class as the \"backbone of Australia\" but as nevertheless having been \"taken for granted\" by political parties.\nMenzies called a conference of conservative parties and other groups opposed to the ruling Australian Labor Party, which met in Canberra on 13 October 1944 and again in Albury, New South Wales in December 1944. Outlining his vision for a new political movement, Menzies said:\n\n[W]hat we must look for, and it is a matter of desperate importance to our society, is a true revival of liberal thought which will work for social justice and security, for national power and national progress, and for the full development of the individual citizen, though not through the dull and deadening process of socialism.\nThe formation of the party was formally announced at Sydney Town Hall on 31 August 1945. It took the name Liberal in honour of the old Commonwealth Liberal Party. The new party was dominated by the remains of the old UAP; with few exceptions, the UAP party room became the Liberal Party room. The Australian Women's National League, a powerful conservative women's organisation, also merged with the new party. A conservative youth group Menzies had set up, the Young Nationalists, was also merged into the new party. It became the nucleus of the Liberal Party's youth division, the Young Liberals. By September 1945 there were more than 90,000 members, many of whom had not previously been members of any political party.\nIn New South Wales, the New South Wales division of the Liberal Party replaced the Liberal Democratic Party and Democratic Party between January and April 1945. In Queensland, the Queensland People's Party did not become part of the Liberal Party until July 1949, when it became the Queensland division of the Liberal Party.\n\n\n=== Menzies era ===\n\nAfter an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years— the longest unbroken run ever in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Menzies government (1949–66) and Menzies fulfilled his promises at the 1949 election to end rationing of butter, tea and petrol and provided a five-shilling endowment for first-born children, as well as for others. While himself an unashamed Anglophile, Menzies' government concluded a number of major defence and trade treaties that set Australia on its post-war trajectory out of Britain's orbit; opened up Australia to multi-ethnic immigration; and instigated important legal reforms regarding Aboriginal Australians.\nMenzies was strongly opposed to Labor's plans under Ben Chifley to nationalise the Australian banking system and, following victory at the 1949 election, secured a double dissolution election for April 1951, after the Labor-controlled Senate rejected his banking legislation. The Liberal-Country Coalition was returned with control of the Senate. The Government was re-elected again at the 1954 election; the formation of the anti-Communist Democratic Labor Party (DLP) and the consequent split in the Australian Labor Party early in 1955 helped the Liberals to secure another victory in December 1955. John McEwen replaced Arthur Fadden as leader of the Country Party in March 1958 and the Menzies-McEwen Coalition was returned again at elections in November 1958—their third victory against Labor's H. V. Evatt. The Coalition was narrowly returned against Labor's Arthur Calwell in the December 1961 election, in the midst of a credit squeeze. Menzies stood for office for the last time at the November 1963 election, again defeating Calwell, with the Coalition winning back its losses in the House of Representatives. Menzies went on to resign from parliament on 26 January 1966.\nMenzies came to power the year the Communist Party of Australia had led a coal strike to improve pit miners' working conditions. That same year Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union exploded its first atomic bomb, and Mao Zedong led the Chinese Communist Party to power in China; a year later came the invasion of South Korea by Communist North KoreaThe UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election.TheThe UAP had been formed as a new conservative alliance in 1931, with Labor defector Joseph Lyons as its leader. The stance of Lyons and other Labor rebels against the more radical proposals of the Labor movement to deal the Great Depression had attracted the support of prominent Australian conservatives. With Australia still suffering the effects of the Great Depression, the newly formed party won a landslide victory at the 1931 Election, and the Lyons Government went on to win three consecutive elections. It largely avoided Keynesian pump-priming and pursued a more conservative fiscal policy of debt reduction and balanced budgets as a means of stewarding Australia out of the Depression. Lyons' death in 1939 saw Robert Menzies assume the Prime Ministership on the eve of war. Menzies served as Prime Minister from 1939 to 1941 but resigned as leader of the minority World War II government amidst an unworkable parliamentary majority. The UAP, led by Billy Hughes, disintegrated after suffering a heavy defeat in the 1943 election. prime minister Scott Morrison as leader after the Coalition's defeat at the 2022 federal election. Two past leaders of the party, Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, are Australia's two longest-serving Prime Ministers.\nThe Liberal Party has a federal structure, with autonomous divisions in all six states and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The Country Liberal Party (CLP) of the Northern Territory is an affiliate. Both the CLP and the Liberal National Party (LNP), the Queensland state division, were formed through mergers of the local Liberal and National parties. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in only one state: Tasmania, as of 2014. The party is in opposition in the states of New South Wales, Victoria,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Liberal Party of Australia", "paragraph_text": "NP), the Queensland state division, were formed through mergers of the local Liberal and National parties. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in only one state: Tasmania, as of 2014. The party is in opposition in the states of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, and Western Australia, and in both the ACT and Northern Territory.\nThe party's ideology has been referred to as liberal, conservative, liberal-conservative, conservative-liberal, and classical liberal. The Liberal Party tends to promote economic liberalism and social conservatism. The National Right faction of the party has also been referred to as right-wing, and right-wing populist.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Party foundation ===\n\nThe Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United AustraliaThe contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism (see New Right). Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of economic protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as anti-socialist. Strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The party's founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australia's middle class would form its main constituency.", "is_supporting": true } ]	What incident led to the longest-serving leader of the Liberal Party of Australia assuming the position of Prime Minister?	[ { "id": 29367, "question": "Who was the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader?", "answer": "Robert Menzies", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 29376, "question": "What event caused #1 to become Prime Minister?", "answer": "Lyons' death in 1939", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]	Lyons' death in 1939	[]	true	What event caused the Liberal Party of Australia's longest-serving leader to become Prime Minister?
3hop1__671542_665330_51423	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Casa Loma", "paragraph_text": " as the Orange Blossoms, one of several Detroit groups that came out of the Jean Goldkette office. The band adopted the name \"Casa Loma\" by the time of its first recordings in 1929, shortly after it played an eight-month engagement at Casa Loma in Toronto, which was being operated as a hotel at the time. The band never played at Casa Loma under that name, still appearing as the Orange Blossoms at that time.\nIn 1930, the Casa Loma Orchestra was incorporated in New York with the members becoming owners, shareholders, and board members. The band members were hired on the grounds of \"musical and congenial\" competence and followed strict conduct and financial rules. Because the band operated as a collectiveCasa Loma (Spanish for ``Hill House '') is a Gothic Revival style mansion and garden in midtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is now a historic house museum and landmark. It was constructed from 1911 to 1914 as a residence for financier Sir Henry Pellatt. The architect was E. J. Lennox, who designed several other city landmarks. Casa Loma sits at an elevation of 140 metres (460 ft) above sea level., made up of top-flight studio musicians under the direction of its most notable leader of the past, Glen Gray. The reconstituted band made a limited number of appearances live and on television and recorded fifteen LP albums for Capitol Records before Gray died in 1963.\nThe band recorded and released the original version of the jazz and big band standard \"Sunrise Serenade\" in 1938", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Kevin Drew", "paragraph_text": " Emily Haines & The Soft Skeleton, Amy Millan, and Jason Collett.\nThe group's sound combines elements of all of its members' respective musical projects, and is occasionally considered baroque pop. It includes grand orchestrations featuring guitars, horns, woodwinds, and violins, unusual song structures, and an experimental, and sometimes chaotic production style from David Newfeld, who produced theKevin Drew (born September 9, 1976) is a Canadian musician and songwriter who, together with Brendan Canning, founded the expansive Toronto baroque-pop collective Broken Social Scene. He was also part of the lesser-known KC Accidental, which consisted of Drew and Charles Spearin, another current member of Broken Social Scene.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Darlings (Kevin Drew album)", "paragraph_text": "Darlings is the second solo album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014.Darlings is the second solo album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014.Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on March 18, 2014 through Arts & Crafts Productions.\nThe album was recorded at the Banff Centre in Alberta with Graham Lessard and then taken to a house in Northern Ontario with Dave Hamelin for final recording and mixing. The album also features longtime collaborators Charles Spearin and Ohad Benchetrit along with Dean Stone.\n\n\n== Critical reception ==\nDarlings was met with generally favorable reviews from critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, this release received an average score of 67, based on 18 reviews.\n\n\n== Track listing ==\n\n\n== Charts ==\n\n\n== References ==Darlings is the second studio album by Broken Social Scene co-founder Kevin Drew. It was released on", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the castle called in the city where the Darlings band originated?	[ { "id": 671542, "question": "Darlings >> performer", "answer": "Kevin Drew", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 665330, "question": "#1 >> location of formation", "answer": "Toronto", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 51423, "question": "what is the name of the castle in #2", "answer": "Casa Loma", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	Casa Loma	[]	true	What is the name of the castle in city where the performer of Darlings was formed?
3hop1__107195_160713_77246	[ { "idx": 7, "title": "Partition of India", "paragraph_text": " thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.Opposition to the Partition of India was widespread in British India in the 20th century and it continues to remain a talking point in South Asian politics. Those who opposed it often adhered to the doctrine of composite nationalism in the Indian subcontinent. The Hindu, Christian, Anglo-Indian, Parsi and Sikh communities were largely opposed to the Partition of India (and its underlying two-nation theory), as were many Muslims (these were represented by the All India Azad Muslim Conference).\nPashtun politician and Indian independence activist Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the Khudai Khidmatgar viewed the proposal to partition India as un-Islamic and contradicting a common history in which Muslims considered India as their homeland for over a millennium. Mahatma Gandhi opined that \"Hindus and Muslims were sons of the same soil of India; they were brothers who therefore must strive to keep India free and united.\"\nSunni Muslims of the Deobandi school of thought regarded the proposed partition and formation of a separate, majority Muslim nation state (i.e. the future Pakistan) as a \"conspiracy of the colonial government to prevent the emergence of a strong united India\". Deobandis therefore helped to organize the Azad Muslim Conference, to condemn the partition of India. They also argued that the economic development of Muslims would be hurt if India was partitioned, seeing the idea of partition as one that was designed to keep Muslims backward. They also expected \"Muslim-majority provinces in united India to be more effective than the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Hindus", "paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 2010.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe word Hindu is an exonym. This word Hindu is derived from the Indo-Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means \"a large body of water\", covering \"river, ocean\". It was used as the name of the Indus River and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as \"a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu)\", more specifically in the 5th-century BCE, DNa inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhu in the Vedas,The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referredThe word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India. around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Since ancient times, Hindu has been used to refer to people inhibiting region beyond the Sindhu river, therefore some assumptions that medieval Persian authors considered Hindu as derogatory is not accepted by practicing Hindus themselves as those references are much later to references used in pre-Islamic Persian sources, early Arab and Indian sources, all of them had positive connotation only as they either referred to region or followers of Hinduism.\nThe historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear. Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it may have", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Corporate Corridor", "paragraph_text": "orporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representingCorporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public andCorporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representingCorporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a weekly business program on Dawn News that discusses business issues with top executives representing the private, public and government enterprises of Pakistan.Corporate Corridor is a", "is_supporting": true } ]	What does the term, which is also associated with the predominant faith of the region that evolved into India, signify in the Arabic lexicon, according to the country whose commercial activities are reported on by Corporate Corridor?	[ { "id": 107195, "question": "Which was the country for Corporate Corridor?", "answer": "Pakistan", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 160713, "question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?", "answer": "Hindu", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 77246, "question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary", "answer": "the country of India", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]	the country of India	[ "IND", "IN", "India", "in", "Republic of India" ]	true	What is the meaning in the Arabic dictionary of the word which also refers to the majority religion of what became India when the country whose business news is covered by Corporate Corridor was created?
4hop3__630723_88460_30152_20999	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Phommathat", "paragraph_text": ") - died in 1428 on the orders of his grandmother, Nang Keo Phimpha\n\n\n== References ==Phommathat was the fourth king of Lan Xang (Laos) (ruled 1428–1429). He was Lan Kham Deng's oldest son. He was king for only 10 months. He was assassinated by Nang Keo Phimpha. He was succeeded by Yukhon.\n\n\n== Family ==\nFather: Lan Kham Deng - King of Lan Xang (r.1416-1428)\nMother: Queen Nang Kaeva Buma Fa (Keo Poum Fa)\nConsorts and their Respective Issue:\nby unknown women\nPrince Kaya Bunabarna (Kay Bona Ban) - died in 1428 on the orders of his grandmother, Nang Keo Phimpha\n\n\n== References ==Phommathat was the fourth king ofPhommathat was the fourth king of Lan Xang (Laos) (ruled 1428–1429). He was Lan Kham Deng's oldest son. He was king for only 10 months. He was assassinated by Nang Keo Phimpha. He was succeeded by Yukhon.PPhommathat was the fourth king of Lan Xang (Laos) (ruled 1428–1429). He was Lan Kham Deng's oldest son. He was king for only 10 months. He was assassinated by Nang Keo Phimpha. He was succeeded by Yukhon.== Family ==\nFather: Lan Kham Deng - King of Lan Xang (r.1416-1428)\nMother: Queen Nang Kaeva Buma Fa (Keo Poum Fa)\nConsorts and their Respective Issue:\nby unknown women\nPrince Kaya Bunabarna (Kay Bona Ban) - died in 1428 on the orders of his grandmother, Nang Keo Phimpha\n\n\n== References ==Phommathat was the fourth king of Lan Xang (Laos) (ruled 1428–1429). He", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, societyThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese. much of Anatolia and expanded into the Balkans by the mid-14th century, transforming their petty kingdom into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the conquest of Constantinople in 1453 by Mehmed II, which marked the Ottomans' emergence as a major regional power. Under Suleiman the Magnificent (1520–1566), the empire reached the peak of its power, prosperity, and political development. By the start of the 17th century, the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the Young Turk RevolutionThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "yanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon (formerly Rangoon).\nEarly civilisations in the area included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period. The early 19th-century Konbaung dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British East India Company seized control of the administration of Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century, and the country became a British colony. After a brief Japanese occupation, Myanmar was reconquered by the Allies. On 4 January 1948, Myanmar declared independence under the terms of the Burma Independence Act 1947.\nMyanmar's post-independence history has continued to be checkered by unrest and conflict. The coup d'état in 1962 resulted in a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party. On 8 August 1988, the 888The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Geography of Myanmar", "paragraph_text": " the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboringMyanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of Coco Islands before heading towards Myanmar's narrow boundary with international Bay of Bengal waters. Myanmar has a total coastline of 1,384 mi (2,227 km) and has several islands and archipelagos- most notably the Mergui Archipelago. The county has a total water area is 8,910 square miles (23,100 km2) and an Exclusive Economic Zone covering 205,706 sq mi (532,780 km2).\n\n\n=== Land borders ===\nMyanmar has a land border totaling 4,053 miles (6,523 km) bordering five countries and encompassing a total land area of 261,228 square miles (676,580 km2).\nThe Bangladesh-Myanmar border begins at the mouth of the Naf River at the Bay of Bengal and head north around the Mayu Range in a wide arc before head back north through the Chittagong Hill Tracts to the tripoint with India at the peak of Teen Matha for a total of 168 miles (270 km).\nThe", "is_supporting": true } ]	What led to the expulsion of individuals who perceived new coins as a declaration of independence by the Ajuran Empire, a Somali Muslim dynasty, from the geographical border between Thailand and the country where Phommathat held his citizenship?	[ { "id": 630723, "question": "Phommathat >> country of citizenship", "answer": "Laos", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 88460, "question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1", "answer": "Myanmar", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 30152, "question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?", "answer": "the Portuguese", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 20999, "question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?", "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese	[]	true	How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Phommathat's country of citizenship?
2hop__61714_53995	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Pam Beesly", "paragraph_text": " she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc.\"\nPam Halpert appeared in almost every episode with the exceptions of \"Business Ethics\", \"St. Patrick's Day\", and \"New Leads\" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from \"Mrs. California\" to \"Pool Party\", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave at the same time as the character.\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–3 ===Jim and Pam marry early in the season, at Niagara Falls, during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''. The ending of the episode, in which their co-workers dance down the aisle, is an imitation of a viral YouTube video -- JK Wedding Entrance Dance. Following the wedding, a multi-episode story arc begins in which it is revealed that Michael hooked up with Pam's mother the night of the wedding. The two break up during`` Double Date'', an episode that ends with Pam slapping Michael in response to his actions.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pam Beesly", "paragraph_text": "?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has foundThe ``will they or wo n't they ''tension between Jim and Pam is a strong storyline in the early episodes of The Office, encompassing much of Seasons 1 to 3. In the opener of Season 4, the two characters are revealed to be dating, and as such, other character romances, such as the romance between fellow co-workers Dwight Schrute and Angela Martin, begin to move more toward the forefront of episodes. In Season 6, Jim and Pam are married in the season's 4th and 5th episodes (hour long), a feat considered noteworthy by many television critics, as bringing together the two lead love interests in a television series is often thought to be a risky venture. Their child is born in the second half of the season, during another hour long,`` The Delivery''. Pam and Jim's second child is born during season 8. In season 9, their marriage becomes strained when Jim takes up a second job in Philadelphia. They ultimately decide to leave Dunder Mifflin together so Jim can pursue his dream job.When I went in for The Office, the casting director said to me, 'Please look normal',\" recalls Jenna Fischer. \"Don't make yourself all pretty, and dare to bore me with your audition. Those were her words. Dare to bore me.\"\nTaking heed of the advice, Fischer said little during the auditions, during which she was interviewed in character by show producers, in an improvisational format, to imitate the show's documentary premise. \"My take on the character of Pam was that she didn't have any media training, so she didn't know how to be a good interview. And also, she didn't care about this interview,\" she told NPR. \"So, I gave very short one-word answers and I tried very hard not to be funny or clever, because I thought that the comedy would come out of just, you know, the real human reactions to the situation... and they liked that take on it.\"\n\"When I went into the audition, the first question that they asked me in the character of Pam—they said, 'Do you like working as a receptionist?' I said, 'No.' And that was it. I didn't speak any more than that. And they started laughing.\"\nFischer found herself creating a very elaborate backstory for the character. For the first few seasons, she kept a list of the character history revealed on-screen by the creators, as well as her own imaginative thoughts on Pam's history. She created a rule with the set's hair and make-up department that it could not look as though it took Pam more than 30 minutes to do her hair, and she formulated ideas as to who gave Pam each piece of jewelry she wore or where she went to college. Fischer also carefully crafted Pam's quiet persona. \"Well, my character of Pam is really stuck,\" she explained to NPR. \"I mean, she's a subordinate in this office. And so, I think that for her, the only way she can express herself is in the silences, but you can say so much by not saying anything.\" Kathryn Hahn also auditioned for the role. Daniels originally envisioned Erica Vittina Phillips in the role.\nOriginally meek and passive, the character grew more assertive as the seasons passed, prompting Fischer to reassess her portrayal. \"I have to approach Pam differently [now],\" she explained in Season 4, a defining season in which her character finally begins a long-awaited relationship with Jim and is accepted into the Pratt Institute. \"She is in a loving relationship, she has found her voice, she has started taking art classes. All of these things must inform the character and we need to see changes in the way she moves, speaks, dresses, etc.\"\nPam Halpert appeared in almost every episode with the exceptions of \"Business Ethics\", \"St. Patrick's Day\", and \"New Leads\" in which only her voice is heard, and several season 8 episodes from \"Mrs. California\" to \"Pool Party\", where she did not appear at all as Fischer was on maternity leave at the same time as the character.\n\n\n== Storylines ==\n\n\n=== Seasons 1–3 ===\nAt the beginning of the series, Pam and Roy have been dating for eight years and engaged for three years. Their open-ended engagement has become one of Michael's running gags and a sore spot for Pam.\nPam does not want her current job to become permanent, remarking that \"I don't think it's many little girls' dream to be a receptionist.\" She will often do extra, unnecessary work to make her other co-workers happy. Pam is apathetic toward her work, evidenced by her frequent games of FreeCell on her office computer. However, in the pilot episode, she breaks down crying when Michael pulls an ill-judged prank by telling her that she will be fired.\nDespite the abuse she takes from Michael in the early seasons, Pam becomes more honest and forward with Michael as the series progresses, often making sarcastic comments toward him.\nWhile engaged to Roy, Pam denies, or is in denial about, having any romantic feelings for Jim. When Jim confesses his love for her at the Dunder Mifflin \"Casino Night\" she turns him down. She later talks to her mom on the phone and says Jim is her best friend (though she doesn't say his name), and says \"Yeah, I think I am\" to an unheard question. She is interrupted by Jim, who enters and kisses her; she responds by kissing him back.\nSeason 3 marks a turning point for Pam's character: she gains self-confidence and appears less passive and more self-assured as the season progresses. In \"Gay Witch Hunt\", the season's opener, it is revealed that Pam got cold feet before her wedding and did not marry Roy after all. Meanwhile, Jim has transferred to a different Dunder Mifflin branch, in Stamford, shortly after Pam rejected him a second time after their kiss. Pam moves into her own apartment, begins taking art classes, a pursuit that Roy had previously dismissed as a waste of time, and buys a new car. When the Scranton and Stamford branches merge, Jim returns to Scranton alongside a female co-worker, Karen Filippelli, whom he begins dating. Jim and Pam appeared to have ended all communication after Jim transfers to the Stamford branch; after Jim returns to Scranton, the encounters between the two are tense, despite both admitting to still harboring feelings for the other during the presence of the documentary cameras.\nRoy vows to win Pam back, and after his initial efforts to improve his relationship with Pam are successful, the two get back together. After attending an after-work get-together at a local bar with their co-workers, Pam, feeling that she should be more honest with Roy, tells him about Jim kissing her at the casino night. An angered Roy yells, smashes a mirror, and trashes the bar. Pam, frightened and embarrassed by his reaction, breaks up with Roy immediately. Roy vows to kill Jim and in \"The Negotiation\", Roy unsuccessfully tries to attack Jim at work when he is pepper sprayed by Dwight; Roy is subsequently fired. Pam later reluctantly agrees to meet Roy for coffee at his request, and after the polite but brief meeting, it appears that their relationship has ended amicably, with Roy encouraging Pam to pursue Jim.\nPam participates in an art show, but few", "is_supporting": true } ]	At what point do Pam and her husband unite on the television show, The Office?	[ { "id": 61714, "question": "who is pam married to on the office", "answer": "Jim", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 53995, "question": "when do #1 and pam end up together", "answer": "during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	during the highly anticipated, hour long episode, ``Niagara ''	[]	true	When do Pam and Pam's spouse on The Office end up together?
3hop1__285585_538202_84283	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Groovy Little Summer Song", "paragraph_text": "Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.\"Groovy Little Summer Song\"\"Groovy Little Summer Song\" is a song co-written recorded by American country music artist James Otto. It was released in March 2010 as the first single from his album \"Shake What God Gave Ya\". The song was written by Otto, Al Anderson and Carson Chamberlain.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Warner Records", "paragraph_text": "Warner Bros. Records Parent company Warner Music Group Founded March 19, 1958; 60 years ago (1958 - 03 - 19) Founder James Conkling Distributor (s) Self - distributed (In the US) WEA International (Outside the US) Rhino Entertainment Company (Re-issues) Genre Various Country of origin United States Location Burbank, California, U.S. Official website warnerbrosrecords.com Halen, Kylie Minogue, ZZ Top, Gorillaz, Bette Midler, Grateful Dead, Jane's Addiction, Duran Duran, Fleetwood Mac, Rod Stewart, James Taylor, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Mac Miller, R.E.M., and the Sex Pistols.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Founding ===\nAt the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros. Pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. In 1928, the studio acquired several smaller music publishing firms which included M. Witmark & Sons, Harms Inc., and a partial interest in New World Music Corp., and merged them to form the Music Publishers Holding Company. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, and the new division was soon earning solid profits of up to US$2 million every year.\nIn 1930, Music Publishers Holding Company (MPHC) paid US$28 million to acquire Brunswick Records (which included Vocalion), whose roster included Duke Ellington, Red Nichols, Nick Lucas, Al Jolson, Earl Burtnett, Ethel Waters, Abe Lyman, Leroy Carr, Tampa Red and Memphis Minnie, and soon after the sale to Warner Bros., the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Sunset Man", "paragraph_text": "ötley Crüe, was originally slated as the second single. However, it was withdrawn and replaced with \"For You\", which spent two non-consecutive weeks at number 39 on the country charts before falling out of the Top 40. After it came \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", which Otto co-wrote with fellow MuzikMafia member and former MCA Nashville artist Shannon Lawson. This song reached number 36 in February 2009.\nOtto produced the album with assistance from Rich on all tracks except \"For You\", \"YouSunset Man is the second studio album from American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it were \"For You\" and \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", both of which peaked in the mid-30s. As of May 2010, the album has sold 389,000 according to Nielsen SoundScan.Sunset Man is the second studio album by American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it wereSunset Man is the second studio album from American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it were \"For You\" and \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", both of which peaked in the mid-30s. As of May 2010, the album has sold 389,000 according to Nielsen SoundScan.The first single release from Sunset Man was \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\". Otto's first single release since \"Sunday Morning and Saturday Night\" on Mercury Nashville in 2004, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\" reached Number One on the U.S. Billboard country singles charts in early 2008. The song was also the Number One country hit of 2008 according to Billboard Year-End.\n\"Ain't Gonna Stop\", co-written by Big Kenny and John Rich of Big & Rich, and Nikki Sixx of Mötley Crüe, was originally slated as the second single. However, it was withdrawn and replaced with \"For You\", which spent two non-consecutive weeks at number 39 on the country charts before falling out of the Top 40. After it came \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", which Otto co-wrote with fellow MuzikMafia member and former MCA Nashville artist Shannon Lawson. This song reached number 36 in February 2009.\nOtto produced the album with assistance from Rich on all tracks except \"For You\", \"YouSunset Man is the second studio album from American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached Number One on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs charts in May 2008. Following it were \"For You\" and \"These Are the Good Ole Days\", both of which peaked in the mid-30s. As of May 2010, the album has sold 389,000 according to Nielsen SoundScan.Sunset Man is the second studio album by American country music singer James Otto, released April 8, 2008 on Warner Bros. Records. The lead-off single, \"Just Got Started Lovin' You\", reached", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who owns the record label that the artist who performed Groovy Little Summer Song is signed with?	[ { "id": 285585, "question": "Groovy Little Summer Song >> performer", "answer": "James Otto", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 538202, "question": "#1 >> record label", "answer": "Warner Bros. Records", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 84283, "question": "who is the owner of #2", "answer": "Warner Music Group", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]	Warner Music Group	[ "Warner Music" ]	true	Who is the owner of the record label of the performer of Groovy Little Summer Song?
4hop1__842143_153080_159767_81096	[ { "idx": 10, "title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden, struggling with a broken front wing, lost his fourth position to a hard-charging Hildebrand. At roughly lap 120, the second cycle of pit stops came, during which Alexander Rossi made contact with the wall and was forced to retire from the race, though there was no caution for this incident. Shortly after, however, Rossi's teammate Takuma Sato made contact with the turn four wall and came to a stop on the frontstretch, bringing out the caution. Due to where the pit stop cycle was at the time, Pagenaud now held a sizable advantage on the field, allowing him to pit under yellow without losing any track position.\nThe restart came on lap 149, where Pagenaud was able to pull out a healthy lead due to several lapped cars being between him and Power. Further back, Newgarden was able to march back up into the top five quickly after finally being afforded the chance to change his front wing. Little change in the order occurred as the field cycled through their final pit cycle from about lap 190 through lap 210. Pagenaud's lead now stood at over 5.5 seconds on lap 215.\nShortly after pit stops, Newgarden's day went awry once again, as he and Ryan Hunter-Reay made contact, breaking Newgarden's front wing again and breaking Hunter-Reay's suspension, taking him out of the race. For the second time in three races, all Andretti Autosport cars were out of the race. Newgarden changed front wings again, dropping him to 10th. The biggest beneficiary of the incident, however, was Hildebrand, who was able to pass both Newgarden and Castroneves, who had slowed up to avoid the incident, boosting him to third place.\nUp front, it was smooth sailing for Pagenaud, who came across the finish line over nine seconds ahead of his teammate Power. Hildebrand came across the line third, securing his first podium finish in six years. Castroneves finished fourth while Scott Dixon, who ran an quiet race, finished fifth, the first car one lap down. For Pagenaud, the victory was his 10thAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).The 2017 Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix was the fourth round of the 2017 IndyCar Series season and the first oval race of the season. It took place on April 29, 2017 at Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale, Arizona. The race was won by Simon Pagenaud for Team Penske, his first ever victory on an oval.\n\n\n== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29.After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Arizona", "paragraph_text": "Arizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_text": "Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Mingus Three", "paragraph_text": "ist, and a jam by the group credited to Hawes. While there's nothing particularly arresting or startling about the date, the relationship between the two ostensible co-leaders is a good case study in group dynamics when deference between two strong-willed individualists turns into a certain amount of compromise. Drummer Danny Richmond is not so much the peacemaker or even mediator, and he is the one with theMingus Three (also referred to as Trio) is an album by American bassist, composer and bandleader Charles Mingus with pianist Hampton Hawes and drummer Dannie Richmond which was recorded in 1957 and first released on the Jubilee label.MMingus Three (also referred to as Trio) is an album by American bassist, composer and bandleader Charles Mingus with pianist Hampton Hawes and drummer Dannie Richmond which was recorded in 1957 and first released on the Jubilee label.== Reception ==\n\nThe Allmusic review stated, \"Most often heard in large ensembles and rarely in a trio context, Charles Mingus joined forces with pianist Hampton Hawes for this 1957 studio date. It features four standards, two originals by the bassist, and a jam by the group credited to Hawes. While there's nothing particularly arresting or startling about the date, the relationship between the two ostensible co-leaders is a good case study in group dynamics when deference between two strong-willed individualists turns into a certain amount of compromise. Drummer Danny Richmond is not so much the peacemaker or even mediator, and he is the one with theMingus Three (also referred to as Trio) is an album by American bassist, composer and bandleader Charles Mingus with pianist Hampton Hawes and drummer Dannie Richmond which was recorded in 1957 and first released on the Jubilee label.Mingus Three (also referred to as Trio) is an album by American bassist, composer and bandleader Charles Mingus with pianist Hampton Hawes and drummer Dannie Richmond which was recorded in 1957 and first released on the Jubilee label.\n\n\n== Reception ==\n\nThe Allmusic review stated, \"Most often heard in large ensembles and rarely in a trio context, Charles Mingus joined forces with pianist Hampton Hawes for this 1957 studio date. It features four standards, two originals by the bassist, and a jam by the group credited to Hawes. While there's nothing particularly arresting or startling about the date, the relationship between the two ostensible co-leaders is a good case study in group dynamics when deference between two strong-willed individualists turns into a certain amount of compromise. Drummer Danny Richmond is not so much the peacemaker or even mediator, and he is the one with the most common sense who actually pulls this triad into a simpatico unit, cooling the embers with his steady, willful-in-its-own-right playing. As complex as the music of Mingus tends to be, it's nice to hear what he does in a more simplified area. His \"Back Home Blues\" is so basic as his bass leads out, while the Mingus chart \"Dizzy Moods\" is deeper within an easier swing, allowing darker colors to fully but slowly blossom. Richmond overdubs the tambourine on \"Dizzy Moods\" and the hip \"A Night in Tunisia\"-styled take of \"Summertime,\" while a faster \"Hamp's New Blues\" bops along effortlessly, chided by the drummer's accents. Hawes shines in his gilded, rearranged concept of \"Yesterdays,\" intentionally messing up the changes for the first few bars before settling in, while slowing the Vernon Duke evergreen \"I Can't Get Started\" (always a personal staple of", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who emerged victorious in the 1993 Indy Car Race held in the most populous city of the state home to the birthplace of the artist who recorded Mingus Three?	[ { "id": 842143, "question": "Mingus Three >> performer", "answer": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 153080, "question": "What city is #1 from?", "answer": "Arizona", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 159767, "question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?", "answer": "Phoenix", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 81096, "question": "who won the indy car race in #3", "answer": "Mario Andretti", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	Mario Andretti	[]	true	Who won the 1993 Indy Car Race in the largest city of the state containing the city where the performer of the album Mingus Three is from?
2hop__22885_160040	[ { "idx": 13, "title": "Literature", "paragraph_text": " writing, and poetically as \"the craft of writing\" (or simply \"the craft\"). Syd Field described his discipline, screenwriting, as \"a craft that occasionally rises to the level of art.\"\nDevelopments in print technology have allowed an ever-growing distribution and proliferation of written works, which now include electronic literature.\n\n\n== Definitions ==\nDefinitions of literature have varied over time. In Western Europe, prior to the 18th century, literature denoted all books and writing. It can be seen as returning to older, more inclusive notions, so that cultural studies, for instance, include, in addition to canonical works, popular and minority genres. The word is also used in reference to non-written works: to \"oral literature\" and \"the literature of preliterate culture\".\nA value judgment definition of literature considers it as consisting solely of high quality writing that forms part of the belles-lettres (\"fine writing\") tradition. An example of this is in the 1910–1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which classified literature as \"the best expression of the best thought reduced to writing\".\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Oral literature ===\n\nThe use of the term \"literature\" here poses some issues due to its origins in the Latin littera, \"letter,\" essentially writing. Alternatives such as \"oral forms\" and \"oral genres\" have been suggested, but the word literature is widely used.\nAustralian Aboriginal culture has thrived on oral traditions and oral histories passed down through tens of thousands of years.\nIn a study published in February 2020, new evidence showed that both Budj Bim and Tower Hill volcanoes erupted between 34,000 and 40,000 years ago. Significantly, this is a \"minimum age constraint for human presence in Victoria\", and also could be interpreted as evidence for the oral histories of the Gunditjmara people, an Aboriginal Australian people of south-western Victoria, which tell of volcanic eruptions being some of the oldest oral traditions in existence. An axe found underneath volcanic ash in 1947 had already proven that humans inhabited the region before the eruption of Tower Hill.\nOral literature is an ancient human tradition found in \"all corners of the world.\" Modern archaeology has been unveiling evidence of the human efforts to preserve and transmit arts and knowledge that depended completely or partially on an oral tradition, across various cultures:\n\nThe Judeo-Christian Bible reveals its oral traditional roots; medieval European manuscripts are penned by performing scribes; geometric vases from archaic Greece mirror Homer's oral style. (...) Indeed, if these final decades of the millennium have taught us anything, it must be that oral tradition never was the other we accused it of being; it never was the primitive, preliminary technology of communication we thought it to be. Rather, if the whole truth is told, oral tradition stands out as the single most dominant communicative technology of our species as both a historical fact and, in many areas still, a contemporary reality.\nThe earliest poetry is believed to have been recited or sung, employed as a way of remembering history, genealogy, and law.\nIn Asia, the transmission of folklore, mythologies as well as scriptures in ancient India, in different Indian religions, was by oral tradition, preserved with precision with the help of elaborate mnemonic techniques.\nThe early Buddhist texts are also generally believed to be of oral tradition, with the first by comparing inconsistencies in the transmitted versions of literature from various oral societies such as the Greek, Serbia and other cultures, then noting that the Vedic literature is too consistent and vast to have been composed and transmitted orally across generations, without being written down. According to Goody, the Vedic texts likely involved both a written and oral tradition, calling it a \"parallel products of a literate society\".\nAll ancient Greek literature was to some degree oral in nature, and the earliest literature was completely so. Homer's epic poetry, states Michael Gagarin, was largely composed, performed and transmitted orally. As folklores and legends were performed in front of distant audiences, the singers would substitute the names in the stories with local characters or rulers to give the stories a local flavor and thus connect with the audience by making the historicity embedded in the oral tradition as unreliable. The lack of surviving texts about the Greek and Roman religious traditions have led scholars to presume that these were ritualistic and transmitted as oral traditions, but some scholars disagree that the complex rituals in the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations were an exclusive product of an oral tradition.\nWriting systems are not known to have existed among Native North Americans (north of Mesoamerica) before contact with Europeans. Oral storytelling traditions flourished in a context without the use of writing to record and preserve history, scientific knowledge, and social practices. While some stories were told for amusement and leisure, most functioned as practical lessons from tribal experience applied to immediate moral, social, psychological, and environmental issues. Stories fuse fictional, supernatural, or otherwise exaggerated characters and circumstances with real emotions and morals as a means of teaching. Plots often reflect real life situations and may be aimed at particular people known by the story's audience. In this way, social pressure could be exerted without directly causing embarrassment or social exclusion. For example, rather than yelling, Inuit parents might deter their children from wandering too close to the water's edge by telling a story about a sea monster with a pouch for children within its reach.\nThe enduring significance of oral traditions is underscored in a systemic literature review on indigenous languages in South Africa, within the framework of contemporary linguistic challenges. Oral literature is crucial for cultural preservation, linguistic diversity, and social justice, as evidenced by the postcolonial struggles and ongoing initiatives to safeguard and promote South African indigenous languages.\n\n\n==== Oratory ====\nOratory or the art of public speaking was considered a literary art for a significant period of time. From Ancient Greece to the late 19th century, rhetoric played a central role in Western education in training orators, lawyers, counselors, historians, statesmen, and poets.\n\n\n=== Writing ===\n\nAround the 4th millennium BC, the complexity of trade and administration in Mesopotamia outgrew human memory, and writing became a more dependable method of recording and presenting transactions in a permanent form. Though in both ancient Egypt and Mesoamerica, writing may have already emerged because of the need to record historical and environmental events. Subsequent innovations included more uniform, predictable legal systems, sacred texts, and the origins of modern practices of scientific inquiry and knowledge-consolidationLaw offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean.Law offers more ambiguity. Some writings of Plato and Aristotle, the law tables of Hammurabi of Babylon, or even the early parts of the Bible could be seen as legal literature. Roman civil law as codified in the Corpus Juris Civilis during the reign of Justinian I of the Byzantine Empire has a reputation as significant literature. The founding documents of many countries, including Constitutions and Law Codes, can count as literature; however, most legal writings rarely exhibit much literary merit, as they tend to be rather Written by Samuel Dean.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Criticism of Christianity", "paragraph_text": "The 16th-century Jewish theologian Isaac ben Abraham, who lived in Trakai, Lithuania, penned a work called Chizzuk Emunah (Faith Strengthened) that attempted to refute the ideas that Jesus was the Messiah prophesied in the Old Testament and that Christianity was the \"New Covenant\" of God. He systematically identified a number of inconsistencies in the New Testament, contradictions between the New Testament and the Old Testament, and Old Testament prophesies which remained unfulfilled in Jesus' lifetime. In addition, he questioned a number of Christian practices, such as Sunday Sabbath. Written originally for Jews to persuade them not to convert to Christianity, the work was eventually read by Christians. While the well-known Christian Hebraist Johann Christoph Wagenseil attempted an elaborate refutation of Abraham's arguments, Wagenseil's Latin translation of it only increased interest in the work and inspired later Christian freethinkers. Chizzuk Emunah was praised as a masterpiece by Voltaire.On the other hand, Blaise Pascal believed that \"[t]he prophecies are the strongest proof of Jesus Christ\". He wrote that Jesus was foretold, and that the prophecies came from a succession of people over a span of four thousand years. Apologist Josh McDowell defends the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy as supporting Christianity, arguing that prophecies fulfilled by Christ include ones relating to his ancestral line, birthplace, virgin birth, miracles, manner of death, and resurrection. He says that even the timing of the Messiah in years and in relation to events is predicted, and that the Jewish Talmud (not accepting Jesus as the Messiah, see also Rejection of Jesus) laments that the Messiah had not appeared despite the scepter being taken away from Judah.In modern times, Christianity has faced substantial criticism from a wide array of political movements and ideologies. In the late eighteenth century, the French Revolution saw a number of politicians and philosophers criticizing traditional Christian doctrines, precipitating a wave of secularism in which hundreds of churches were closed down and thousands of priests were deported or killed. Following the French Revolution, prominent philosophers of liberalism and communism, such as John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx, criticized Christian doctrine on the grounds that it was conservative and anti-democratic. Friedrich Nietzsche wrote that Christianity fosters a kind of slave morality which suppresses the desires which are contained in the human will. The Russian Revolution, the Chinese Revolution, and several other modern revolutionary movements have also led to the criticism of Christian ideas. The contemporary LGBT movements have criticized Christianity for homophobia and transphobia.\nThe formal response of Christians to such criticisms is described as Christian apologetics. Philosophers like Augustine of Hippo and Thomas Aquinas have been some of the most prominent defenders of the Christian religion since its foundation.\n\n\n== Scripture ==\n\n\n=== Biblical criticism ===\n\nBiblical criticism, in particular higher criticism, covers a variety of methods which have been used since the Enlightenment in the early 18th century as scholars began to apply the same methods and perspectives which had already been applied to other literary and philosophical texts to biblical documents. It is an umbrella term which covers various techniques which are mainly used by mainline and liberal Christian theologians to study the meaning of biblical passages. It uses general historical principles, and it is primarily based on reason rather than revelation or faith. There are four primary types of biblical criticism:\n\nForm criticism: an analysis of literary documents, particularly the Bible, to discover earlier oral traditions (stories, legends, myths, etc.) upon which they were based.\nTradition criticism: an analysis of the Bible, concentrating on how religious traditions grew and changed over the time span during which the text was written.\nHigher criticism: the study of the sources and literary methods employed by the biblical authors.\nLower criticism: the discipline and study of the actual wording of the Bible; a quest for textual purity and understanding.\n\n\n==== Textual criticism ====\n\nWithin the abundance of biblical manuscripts exist a number of textual variants. The vast majority of these textual variants are the inconsequential misspelling of words, word order variations and the mistranscription of abbreviations. Text critics such as Bart D. Ehrman have proposed that some of these textual variants and interpolations were theologically motivated. Ehrman's conclusions and textual variant choices have been challenged by some conservative evangelical reviewers, including Daniel B. Wallace, Craig Blomberg, and Thomas Howe.\nIn attempting to determine the original text of the New Testament books, some modern textual critics have identified sections as probably not original. In modern translations of the Bible, the results of textual criticism have led to certain verses being left out or marked as not original. These possible later additions include the following:\n\nThe ending of Mark\nThe story in John of the woman taken in adultery, the Pericope Adulterae\nAn explicit reference to the Trinity in 1 John, the Johannine Comma\nIn The Text of the New Testament, Kurt and Barbara Aland compare the total number", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the individual advocating for elements from the religious text that fall within a broad interpretation of jurisprudence?	[ { "id": 22885, "question": "What religious scripture can be fit into a large, loose definition of legal literature?", "answer": "the Bible", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 160040, "question": "Who is the guy defending this stuff from the #1 ?", "answer": "Josh McDowell", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]	Josh McDowell	[]	true	Who is the guy defending stuff from the religious scripture that fits into a large, loose definition of legal literature?
3hop1__140855_2053_52946	[ { "idx": 11, "title": "Then Came Bronson", "paragraph_text": " way and to whom he lends a helping hand when possible. Bronson rides a Harley-Davidson Sportster motorcycle and, as such, he was viewed by some as a modern version of the solitary cowboy wandering the American west. The motorcycle had previously been sold to Nick by Bronson. After it is left at the scene of the suicide by his friend, Bronson buys it back from the widow.\nThough the opening promises a journey of self-discovery, the premise of each episode is that Bronson enters someone else's life at a crucial point and acts as a catalyst for change. When Bronson encounters an Amish community, for example, a local boy becomes enraptured by the outside world and steals Bronson's motorcycle to run off to Reno, Nevada. In another episode, located in Reno, Nevada, Bronson meets his cousin Eve on her wedding day and lends her money for the wedding service, but she runs off to the casinos and gambles it away.\nThe first three episodes, including the end credits scenes, were shot in and around Jackson, Wyoming. The pilot film was also shown at the town's (then) only theater to give the locals a sense of what the series was going to be about, since they were shooting in town and at popular local area locations.\nBronson is committed to pacifism and often redirects an antagonist's anger into self-examination. Always, like a true catalyst, Bronson rolls out of every episode unchanged.\nThe show had obvious similarities to the early 1960s series Route 66; Michael Parks guest-starred in one episode of that series. It was also sometimes erroneously described as a knock-off of Easy Rider. The airing of the 2-hour Then Came Bronson pilot film preceded the first public showing of Easy Rider (at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival) by about two months.\n\n\n=== Series opening ===\nThe opening of the show served as a metaphor for the premise of the show: getting away from the \"big city\" and leading a simpler life. The opening begins with Bronson riding up to a red light in San Francisco and he briefly chats with a commuter. The scene also introduces Bronson's signature-phrase, which he often used in the episodes, \"Hang in there\".\n\nDriver: \"Taking a trip?\"\nBronson: \"What's that?\"\nDriver: \"Taking a trip?\"\nBronson: \"Yeah.\"\nDriver: \"Where to?\"\nBronson: \"Oh, I don't know. Wherever I end up, I guess.\"\nDriver: \"Man, I wish I was you.\"\nBronson: \"Really?\"\nDriver: \"Yeah.\"\nBronson: \"Well, hang in there.\"\nFrom here he heads out to California's State Route 1 and then crosses over the Bixby Creek Bridge.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nMichael Parks, who starred as James Bronson, had acted on television and starred in three anti-establishment films, Wild Seed, The Happening, and Bus Riley's Back in Town. He went on to have a steady career in drive-in horror movies and TV shows. Also a talented singer, Parks recorded three pop/jazz albums: Long Lonesome Highway, Closing the Gap, Blue, and several gospel albums. Long Lonesome Highway and Closing the Gap were connected with particular strength to Then Came Bronson. Parks performed the former's title selection over the closing credits of each episode, and it and the latter both featured other music from the series. (See below.)\n\n\n=== Guest stars ===\nActors James Doohan (\"Scotty\") and Meg Wyllie, who appeared in guest roles, had previously worked on the original Star Trek series.\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe series was filmed and broadcast in color.\n\n\n=== The motorcycle ===\nBronson's motorcycle, a 1969 XLH 900cc Harley-Davidson Sportster, figures in many episodes. In one episode he enters several motorcycle races; in another, he makes an emergency run to fetch a doctor, but in some stories, the motorcycle serves merely as his transportation.\nThe fuel tank is illustrated with the Eye of Providence.\n\n\n=== Crew ===\nSeveral of Bronson's production staff and cast members had previously worked on the original Star Trek series, including executive producer Herbert F. Solow and producer Robert H. Justman, and writers D. CThen Came Bronson is an American adventure/drama television series starring Michael Parks that aired on NBC. It was created by Denne Bart Petitclerc, and produced by MGM Television. \"Then Came Bronson\" began with a television film pilot that aired on NBC on March 24, 1969; the pilot was also released in Europe as a theatrical feature film. This was followed by a single season of 26 episodes airing between September 17, 1969 and April 1, 1970.ThenThen Came Bronson is an American adventure/drama television series starring Michael Parks that aired on NBC. It was created by Denne Bart Petitclerc, and produced by MGM Television. \"Then Came Bronson\" began with a television film pilot that aired on NBC on March 24, 1969; the pilot was also released in Europe as a theatrical feature film. This was followed by a single season of 26 episodes airing between September 17, 1969 and April 1, 1970. Overview ==\nThe series features Parks as the protagonist, James \"Jim\" Bronson, a newspaperman who becomes disillusioned after the suicide of his best friend Nick (Martin Sheen), and with \"working for The Man\" after a heated argument with his editor.\nIn order to renew his soul, Bronson becomes a vagabond searching for the meaning of life and seeking experiences that life has to offer (as revealed in the series pilot). During his travels, he shares his values with the people he meets along the way and to whom", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "New York City", "paragraph_text": " though still part of New York County. In 1914, Bronx County was split off from New York County so that each borough was then coterminous with a county.\nWhen the western part of Queens County was consolidated with New York City in 1898, that area became the Borough of Queens. In 1899, the remaining eastern section of Queens County was split off to form Nassau County on Long Island, thereafter making the borough and county of Queens coextensive with each other.\n\n\n== Terminology ==\nThe term boroughThe television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Comedy Central. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, NYCTV, that has produced several original Emmy Award-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. of Queens County were consolidated within one municipal government under a new city charter. All former municipalities within the newly consolidated city were dissolved.\nNew York City was originally confined to Manhattan Island and the smaller surrounding islands that formed New York County. As the city grew northward, it began annexing areas", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Celebrity Big Brother (American TV series)", "paragraph_text": " public can give their favorite HouseGuest various prizes ranging from luxury items to advantage to help them survive inside the House. Prior to the live season finale, the viewers are able to vote for their America's Favorite HouseGuest with the winner getting an auxiliary prize of $25,000.\nThe firstCelebrity Big Brother also known as Big Brother: Celebrity Edition is a spin - off series of the American reality television series Big Brother. This season will air during the winter of the 2017 -- 18 network television season on CBS and will be the second U.S. Big Brother season to air outside the usual summer television season, the first being Big Brother 9 in 2008. Julie Chen will return as host, with Allison Grodner and Rich Meehan returning as executive producers. The season will be produced by Fly on the Wall Entertainment in association with Endemol Shine North America. CBS announced that the series is set to premiere on February 7, 2018 and conclude on February 25, 2018. contestants, known as \"HouseGuests,\" \nwho live in a purpose-built house, known as the Big Brother House, with no contact from the outside world. The contestants compete in competitions for safety and for power over the household before voting each other out in an attempt to be the last HouseGuest remaining and win a grand prize. The difference from the parent series is the inclusion of \"Celebrity\" HouseGuests (those with notoriety prior to participating in the series), the time frame (a month as opposed to", "is_supporting": true } ]	When will the show Celebrity Big Brother be broadcast on the New York-based network, which also aired Then Came Bronson and ABC?	[ { "id": 140855, "question": "What was the original network of Then Came Bronson?", "answer": "NBC", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 2053, "question": "Along with ABC and #1 , what other major broadcaster is based in New York?", "answer": "CBS", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 52946, "question": "when is celebrity big brother coming to #2", "answer": "February 7, 2018", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 } ]	February 7, 2018	[]	true	When is Celebrity Big Brother coming to the network that, along with the original network of Then Came Bronson and ABC, is based in New York?
2hop__632870_22402	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "André Dreiding", "paragraph_text": " or nitrogen) to the hydrogen atoms. This gave the Dreiding Stereomodels a neat look and made the assembly much quicker than earlier skeletal models. They were also quite precise in representing the molecular geometry, so rulers could be used to determine inter-atomic distances and angles.\n\n\n== Availability of Dreiding Stereomodels ==\nThe Dreiding Stereomodels were primarily used as a research tool rather than an educational tool for undergraduates. They were widely used by organic chemists, stereochemists and natural products chemists in universities and other research laboratories. The models were sold by Büchi in Europe and by Aldrich in North America. A simpler and cheaper plastic version was later introduced, intended for educational purposes, but never became as widely spread as the original steel version. When molecular modeling software became more readily available in the 1990s, the use of Dreiding Stereomodels declined, production stopped, and the models were discontinued around 2005. However, especially for spectroscopic structure elucidation using NMR and MS, the availability of \"hands-on\" accurate molecular models remains very valuable. EAndré S. Dreiding (22 June 1919 in Zürich – 24 December 2013 in Herrliberg near Zurich) was a Swiss chemist. He finished his high school studies in Zürich and then studied at Columbia University in New York where he was awarded BS and MS degrees. After two years as research assistant at Hoffmann-La Roche, he continued postgraduate studies at University of Michigan in Ann Arbor under professor Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1947. He remained at the university until 1949 as Rackham and Lloyd Postdoctoral Fellow. From 1949 to 1954, Dreiding was assistant professor at Wayne University, Detroit Institute of Cancer Research. He also temporarily took over Bachmann's teaching and research duties at the University of Michigan after Bachmann's death in 1951, and held them until 1952. In 1954, Dreiding turned to Switzerland and University of Zurich, where he became professor, and stayed until his retirement in 1987, after which he has been emeritus professor.AndAndré S. Dreiding (22 June 1919 in Zürich – 24 December 2013 in Herrliberg near Zurich) was a Swiss chemist. He finished his high school studies in Zürich and then studied at Columbia University in New York where he was awarded BS and MS degrees. After two years as research assistant at Hoffmann-La Roche, he continued postgraduate studies at University of Michigan in Ann Arbor under professor Werner Emmanuel Bachmann, and was awarded his Ph.D. in 1947. He remained at the university until 1949 as Rackham and Lloyd Postdoctoral Fellow. From 1949 to 1954, Dreiding was assistant professor at Wayne University, Detroit Institute of Cancer Research. He also temporarily took over Bachmann's teaching and research duties at the University of Michigan after Bachmann's death in 1951, and held them until 1952. In 1954, Dreiding turned to Switzerland and University of Zurich, where he became professor, and stayed until his retirement in 1987, after which he has been emeritus professor..\n\n\n== Dreiding Stereomodels ==\nIn 1958, Dreiding invented a molecular model, used primarily in stereochemistry, named the Dreiding Stereomodel. It was a so-called skeletal model, consisting of slim stainless steel tubes and rods. Unlike the older ball-and-stick models, the atoms were not represented by a ball but rather by the point of intersection of the steel tubes. The intersection area was painted with a color to indicate the atom's identity . As the tubes represented the bonds, the model focused on the geometry of the bonds between atoms rather than the atoms themselves. The Dreiding Stereomodel was not the first skeletal model, but was the first to do away with the connectors used in, e.g. John Kendrew's earlier protein models. Instead, the Dreiding Stereomodels used a valency of the bonds/steel tubes to facilitate connections; they were either a hollow tube or a slightly narrower solid rod which fit into the tube. A tube not connected to another tube represented a hydrogen atom and the bond from the other atom (for example carbon, oxygen or nitrogen) to the hydrogen atoms. This gave the Dreiding Stereomodels a neat look and made the assembly much quicker than earlier skeletal models. They were also quite precise in representing the molecular geometry, so rulers could be used to determine inter-atomic distances and angles.\n\n\n== Availability of Dreiding Stereomodels ==\nThe Dreiding Stereomodels were primarily used as a research tool rather than an educational tool for undergraduates. They were widely used by organic chemists, stereochemists and natural products chemists in universities and other research laboratories. The models were", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Switzerland", "paragraph_text": "Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is one of the world's most developedThere are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest university in Switzerland is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. The two institutes sponsored by the federal government are the ETHZ in Zürich (founded 1855) and the EPFL in Lausanne (founded 1969 as such, formerly an institute associated with the University of Lausanne) which both have an excellent international reputation.[note 10]Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.\nSwitzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.\nSwitzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.\nSwitzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland ranks first in the Human Development Index since 2021 and also performs highly on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living.\nSwitzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition for their watchmaking and chocolate production.\nIt has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation (\"nation of volition\") rather than a nation state. Due to its linguistic diversity, Switzerland is known by multiple native names: Schweiz [��va��ts] (German); Suisse [s��is(ə)] (French); Svizzera [��zvittsera] (Italian); and Svizra [��vi��tsr��, ��vi��ts��] (Romansh). On coins and stamps, the Latin name, Confoederatio Helvetica—frequently shortened to \"Helvetia\"—is used instead of the spoken languages.\n\n\n== Etymology ==\n\nThe English name Switzerland is a portmanteau of Switzer, an obsolete term for a Swiss person which was in use during the 16th to 19th centuries, and land. The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. The name Switzer is from the Alemannic Schwiizer, in origin an inhabitant of Schwyz and its associated territory, one of the Waldstätte cantons which formed the nucleus of the Old Swiss Confederacy. The Swiss began to adopt the name for themselves after the Swabian War of 1499, used alongside the term for \"Confederates\", Eidgenossen (literally: comrades by oath), used since the 14th century. The data code for Switzerland, CH, is derived from Latin Confoederatio Helvetica (Helvetic Confederation).\nThe toponym Schwyz itself was first attested in 972, as Old High German Suittes, perhaps related to sw", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the count of students at the institution where Andre Dreiding works?	[ { "id": 632870, "question": "André Dreiding >> employer", "answer": "University of Zurich", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 22402, "question": "How many students attend #1 ?", "answer": "nearly 25,000", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	nearly 25,000	[ "University of Zurich" ]	true	How many students attend where Andre Dreiding is employed?
2hop__280451_84616	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn", "paragraph_text": ". Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== BAFTA Awards ===\nThe BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation. Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three. In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\nThe Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public attention upon the best in motion pictures and television. Hepburn was a 10-time nominee, winning twice. In addition, she received the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990.\n\n\n=== New York Film Critics Circle Awards ===\nThe New York Film Critics' Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York CityAudrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career. Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken - word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work. She was five - times nominated for an Academy Award, and was awarded the 1954 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, post-humously, for her humanitarian work. She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992. Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and was the recipient of the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1990. She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and received a Special Tony Award in 1968.8.\nPost-humously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, while her contributions to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her a Grammy Award. Hepburn stands as one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards. She has been honored on United States postage stamps, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. The American Film Institute has repeatedly recognized her talent, placing Hepburn third on its list of the top 100 female stars of all time and placing several of the films she starred in on its 100 best... lists.\n\n\n== EGOT ==\n\n\n=== Academy Awards ===\nThe Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry. Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once. In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously. Hepburn's son Sean H. Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf.\n\n\n=== Emmy Awards ===\nThe Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment. Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Grammy Awards ===\nThe Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry. Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously.\n\n\n=== Tony Awards ===\nThe Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League. Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968.\n\n\n== Major associations ==\n\n\n=== BAFTA Awards ===\nThe BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation. Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three. In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992.\n\n\n=== Golden Globe Awards ===\nThe Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public attention upon the best in motion pictures and television. Hepburn was a 10-time nominee, winning twice. In addition, she", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Andrea Dotti (psychiatrist)", "paragraph_text": " successful treatise with Gian Carlo Reda and the pharmacological therapy section in the Italian Treatise of Psychiatry by Cassano and Pancheri.\nDotti came from a wealthy aristocratic family and was a friend or relative of some well-known figures in art and finance. Dotti met Hepburn in June 1968 on a cruise aboard a yacht owned by an Italian socialite. They married on 18 January 1969. Dotti had one child with Hepburn, a son named Luca, born on 8 February 1970. \nDotti and Hepburn were married for 12 years. Much of the marriage was tumultuous due to Dotti's affairs with younger women. Hepburn stayed with Dotti as long as possible for the sake of her sons. However, the couple divorced in 1982. \nDotti died in Rome on 30 September 2007 after complications from a colonoscopy.\nIn 2015, his son Luca Dotti and his step-son Sean Hepburn Ferrer launched a legal feud regarding their mother's estate.\n\n\n== References ==Andrea Paolo Mario Dotti was an Italian psychiatrist-neurologist and the second husband of Audrey Hepburn from 1969 to 1982.\n\n\n== Biography ==\nDotti was a full professor of psychiatry at the Sapienza University of Rome. He was known for his research and clinical work on eating disorders (bulimia and anorexia nervosa), cyclothymic disorders, and pharmacological therapy in psychiatry, the latter being the subject of a successful treatise with Gian Carlo Reda and the pharmacological therapy section in the Italian Treatise of Psychiatry by Cassano and Pancheri.\nDotti came from a wealthy aristocratic family and was a friend or relative of some well-known figures in art and finance. Dotti met Hepburn in June 1968 on a cruise aboard a yacht owned by an Italian socialite. They married on 18 January 1969. Dotti had one child with Hepburn, a son named Luca, born on 8 February 1970. \nDotti and Hepburn were married for 12 years. Much of the marriage was tumultuous due to Dotti's affairs with younger women. Hepburn stayed with Dotti as long as possible for the sake of her sons. However, the couple divorced in 1982. \nDotti died in Rome on 30 September 2007 after complications from aAndrea Paolo Mario Dotti (18 March 1938 – 30 September 2007) was an Italian psychiatrist, and the second husband of Audrey Hepburn from 1969 to 1982. He was born in Naples.AndAndrea Paolo Mario Dotti (18 March 1938 – 30 September 2007) was an Italian psychiatrist, and the second husband of Audrey Hepburn from 1969 to 1982. He was born in Naples. University of Rome. He was known for his research and clinical work on eating disorders (bulimia and anorexia nervosa), cyclothymic disorders, and pharmacological therapy in psychiatry, the latter being the subject of a successful treatise with Gian Carlo Reda and the pharmacological therapy section in the Italian Treatise of Psychiatry by Cassano and Pancheri.\nDotti came from a wealthy aristocratic family and was a friend or relative of some well-known figures in art and finance. Dotti met Hepburn in June 1968 on a cruise aboard a yacht owned by an Italian socialite. They married on 18 January 1969. Dotti had one child with Hepburn, a son named Luca, born on 8 February 1970. \nDotti and Hepburn were married for 12 years. Much of the marriage was tumultuous due to Dotti's affairs with younger women. Hepburn stayed with Dotti as long as possible for the sake of her sons. However, the couple divorced in 1982. \nDotti died in Rome on 30 September 2007 after complications from a colonoscopy.\nIn 2015, his son Luca Dotti and his step-son Sean Hepburn Ferrer launched a legal feud regarding their mother's estate.\n\n\n== References ==Andrea Paolo Mario Dotti was an Italian psychiatrist-neurologist and the second husband of Audrey Hepburn from 1969 to 1982.\n\n\n", "is_supporting": true } ]	For what performance did Andrea Dotti's partner receive a Tony Award?	[ { "id": 280451, "question": "Andrea Dotti >> spouse", "answer": "Audrey Hepburn", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 }, { "id": 84616, "question": "what did #1 won a tony for", "answer": "for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine	[ "leading role", "lead", "leading actress" ]	true	What did the spouse of Andrea Dotti win a Tony for?
3hop1__504362_443779_52195	[ { "idx": 12, "title": "East Timor", "paragraph_text": " Viqueque, consisted of Viqueque, Ossu, Uato-Lari, Lacluta, and Uato-Carbau districts.\nAinaro Regency, with its capital at Ainaro, consisted of Ainaro, Maubisse, Hatu-Bullico, Hato-Hudo, and Mape districts.\nManufahi Regency, with its capital at Same, consisted of Same, Alas, Fato-Berliu, and Turiscai districts.\nKova-Lima Regency, with its capital at Suai, consisted of Suai, Tilomar, Fohorem, Fatu-Lulic, and Fatu-Mean districts.\nAmbeno Regency, with its capital at Pante-Makassar, consisted of Pante-Makassar, Oe-Silo, Nitibe, and Passabe districts.\nBobonaro Regency, with its capital at Maliana, consisted of Maliana, Bobonaro, Lolotoi, Atabai, Balibo, and Cailaco districts.\nLiquica Regency, with its capital at Liquica, consisted of Liquica, Bazar-Tete, and Maubara districts.\nErmera Regency, with its capital at Gleno, consisted of Ermera, Atsabe, Hatolia, Lete-Foho, and Railaco districts.\nAileu Regency, with its capital at Aileu, consisted of Aileu, Remexio, Laulara, and Lequidoe districts.\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nIndonesian occupation of East Timor\n1999 East Timorese crisis\nEast Timor–Indonesia relations\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nReport of CAVR — Chega!\nETAN.org: East Timor Action Network\nETAN.org: Articles and reports − 1991 to 1996East Timor (Indonesian: Timor Timur) was a province of Indonesia between 1976 and 1999, during the Indonesian occupation of the country. Its territory corresponded to the previous Portuguese Timor and to the present-day independent country of East Timor.\nFrom 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, called \"Portuguese Timor\". In 1974, Portugal initiated a gradual decolonisation process of its remaining overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict between the different Timorese parties erupted. Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975 and formally annexed the territory in 1976, declaring it Indonesia's 27th province and renaming it \"Timor Timur\". The United Nations, however, did not recognise the annexation, continuing to consider Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor. Following the end of Indonesian occupation in 1999, as well as a United Nations administered transition period, East Timor became formally independent of Portugal in 2002 and adopted the official name of Timor-Leste.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\nFrom 1702 to 1975, East Timor was an overseas territory of Portugal, in the later years being officially the Portuguese overseas province of Timor, usually referred as \"Portuguese Timor\". Following the Carnation Revolution of 1974, the new Government of Portugal initiated a gradual decolonization process of its overseas territories, including Portuguese Timor. During the process, a civil conflict erupted between several Timorese political parties, with the left-wing Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Fretilin) prevailing and gaining control the capital Dili, obliging the Portuguese governor and his staff to move his seat to Atauro Island.\nOn the 28 November 1975, Fretilin unilaterally declared the independence of the Democratic Republic of East Timor (Portuguese: República Democrática de Timor-Leste) from Portugal. Portugal did not recognize the declaration and the Portuguese governor continued to formally administer the province from Atauro, albeit with limited authority over the rest of East Timor.\nNine days later, Indonesia began an invasion of East Timor proper. Following the invasion, the Portuguese governor and his staff left Atauro aboard two Portuguese warships. As a statement of Portuguese sovereignty, Portugal maintained those warships patrolling the waters around East Timor until May 1976.\nOn 17 July 1976, Indonesia formally annexed East Timor as its 27th province and changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979.Democratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 �� S 125 ° 20 �� E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 �� S 125 ° 20 �� E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased outDemocratic Republic of Timor - Leste Repúblika Demokrátika Timór Lorosa'e (Tetum) República Democrática de Timor - Leste (Portuguese) Flag Coat of arms Motto: Unidade, Acção, Progresso (Portuguese) Unidade, Asaun, Progresu (Tetum) (English: ``Unity, Action, Progress '') Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) (English:`` Fatherland'') Capital and largest city Dili 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Coordinates: 8 ° 20 ′ S 125 ° 20 ′ E / 8.34 ° S 125.34 ° E / - 8.34; 125.34 Official languages Tetum Portuguese National languages 15 languages (show) Atauru Baikeno Bekais Bunak Fataluku Galoli Habun Idalaka Kawaimina Kemak Makalero Makasae Makuva Mambai Tokodede Religion (2010) 96.9% Roman Catholic 3.1% other religions Demonym East Timorese Timorese Maubere (informal) Government Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic President Francisco Guterres Prime Minister Mari Alkatiri Legislature National Parliament Formation Portuguese Timor 16th century Independence declared 28 November 1975 Annexation by Indonesia 17 July 1976 Administered by UNTAET 25 October 1999 Independence restored 20 May 2002 Area Total 15,410 km (5,950 sq mi) (154th) Water (%) negligible Population 2015 census 1,167,242 Density 78 / km (202.0 / sq mi) GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate Total $4.567 billion Per capita $5,479 (148th) GDP (nominal) 2014 estimate Total $2.498 billion Per capita $3,330 HDI (2015) 0.605 medium 133rd Currency United States Dollar (USD) Time zone (UTC + 9) Drives on the left Calling code + 670 ISO 3166 code TL Internet TLD. tl Website timor-leste.gov.tl Fifteen further ``national languages ''are recognised by the Constitution. Centavo coins also used.. tp has been phased out. changed its official name to Timor Timur, the Indonesian translation of \"East Timor\". The use of the Portuguese language was then forbidden, as it was seen as a relic of colonisation.\nThe annexation was not recognised by the United Nations and was only recognised by one country Australia in 1979. The United Nations continued to recognise Portugal as the legitimate administering power of East Timor.\nThe Indonesians left in ", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship", "paragraph_text": " violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts ofThe Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral. state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.\n\n\n== Background ==The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August 2005. The commission was officially created to investigate acts of violence that occurred around the independence referendum held in East Timor in 1999 and sought to find the \"conclusive truth\" behind the events. After holding private hearings and document reviews, the commission handed in the final report on July 15, 2008 to the presidents of both nations, and was fully endorsed by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, providing the first acknowledgement by the government of Indonesia of the human rights violations committed by state institutions in Timor. The commission is notable for being the first modern truth commission to be bilateral.The Indonesia–Timor Leste Commission on Truth and Friendship (more commonly known by its Portuguese acronym CVA, Comissão Verdade e Amizade) was a truth commission established jointly by the governments of Indonesia and East Timor in August ", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Solor", "paragraph_text": " (commonly used for actual light) or subtractively mixed (commonly used for materials). If the colors are mixed in the right proportions, because of metamerism, they may look the same as a single-wavelength light. For convenience, colors can be organized in a color space, which when being abstracted as a mathematical color model can assign each region of color with a corresponding set of numbers. As such, color spaces are an essential tool for color reproduction in print, photography, computer monitors, and television. The most well-known color models are RGB, CMYK, YUV, HSL, and HSV.\nBecause the perception of color is an important aspect of human life, different colors have been associated with emotions, activitySolor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the languages of Adonara and Lamaholot. There are at least five volcanoes on this island which measures only by . The island's area is .Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago. The island supports a small population that has been whaling for hundreds of years. They speak the languages of Adonara and Lamaholot. There are at least five volcanoes on this island which measures only by . The island's area is .", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who holds the presidency in the newly-formed nation that set up a Commission of Truth and Friendship in collaboration with the country to which Solor belongs?	[ { "id": 504362, "question": "Solor >> country", "answer": "Indonesia", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 443779, "question": "#1 –Timor Leste Commission of Truth and Friendship >> country", "answer": "East Timor", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 52195, "question": "who is the president of newly declared independent country #2", "answer": "Francisco Guterres", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	Francisco Guterres	[]	true	Who is the president of the new country that jointly established a Commission of Truth and Friendship with the country that Solor is a part of?
2hop__391873_88622	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Director of the National Security Agency", "paragraph_text": " 201 of the United States Code, the director of the NSA is recommended by the secretary of defense and nominated for appointment by the president. The nominee must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. In accordance with Department of Defense Directive 5100# Director Photo Service Term President (s) served under MG Ralph Canine USA 1952 -- 1956 Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower Lt Gen John Samford USAF 1956 -- 1960 Dwight D. Eisenhower VADM Laurence Frost USN 1960 -- 1962 Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy Lt Gen Gordon Blake USAF 1962 -- 1965 John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson LTG Marshall Carter USA 1965 -- 1969 Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon 6 VADM Noel Gayler USN 1969 -- 1972 Richard Nixon 7 Lt Gen Samuel C. Phillips USAF 1972 -- 1973 Richard Nixon 8 Lt Gen Lew Allen USAF 1973 -- 1977 Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter 9 VADM Bobby Ray Inman USN 1977 -- 1981 Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan 10 Lt Gen Lincoln Faurer USAF 1981 -- 1985 Ronald Reagan 11 LTG William Odom USA 1985 -- 1988 Ronald Reagan 12 VADM William Studeman USN 1988 -- 1992 Ronald Reagan George H.W. Bush 13 VADM John M. McConnell USN 1992 -- 1996 George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton 14 Lt Gen Kenneth A. Minihan USAF 1996 -- 1999 Bill Clinton 15 Lt Gen Michael Hayden USAF 1999 -- 2005 Bill Clinton George W. Bush 16 LTG / GEN Keith B. Alexander USA August 1, 2005 -- March 28, 2014 George W. Bush Barack Obama 17 ADM Michael S. Rogers USN April 2, 2014 -- present Barack Obama Donald Trump", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 2, "title": "MYSTIC (surveillance program)", "paragraph_text": "MYSTIC is a former secret program used since 2009 by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several countries. The program was first revealed in March 2014, based upon documents leaked by Edward Snowden.MYSTIC is a former secret program used since 2009 by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to collect the metadata as well as the content of phone calls from several countries. The program was first revealed in March 2014, based upon documents leaked by Edward Snowden.Ms. Mystic is a comic book superhero created by comic book artist/writers Neal Adams and Michael Netzer. The character's first full appearance was in Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers #3 (March 1982), published by Pacific Comics. After Pacific published two issues, the character was published by Adams' own company Continuity Comics, for a total of nine issues between 1982 and 1994.\n\n\n== Fictional character biography ==\nMs. Mystic is a genuine witch who was burned at the stake during the Salem witch trials (1692–1695). Her soul transferred to another plane, and returned to Earth in the modern world. She is strongly concerned with environmental issues. Mystic has long white hair down to her ankles, wears a set of golden spirals in her hair which resemble the insect-antenna of faeries, and her costume is basically a black spandex catsuit created with Zip-A-Tone.\n\n\n== Powers and abilities ==\nMs. Mystic is a magician; her ability to wield magic also gives her the power of flight, the ability to summon a sword of light, and undefined \"Elemental powers\".\nShe can also call upon Mother Nature for assistance. Ms. Mystic once called upon Mother Nature for help, and she responded by creating the superhero team Urth 4. Urth 4 are strongly influenced by the Fantastic Four, a group of four superheroes based on the four classical Greek elements.\n\n\n== Controversy over co-creation ==\nIn 1993 comics artist Michael Netzer sued Neal Adams for credit and misappropriation of a jointly created property, claiming that he initially conceived the character of Ms. Mystic at the behest of DC Comics' art director Vince Colletta in 1977, and went on to co-create the character with Adams. The suit was subsequently dismissed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on grounds of the Statute of Limitations. Netzer later publicly apologized for the grief caused to Adams by the litigation and acknowledged Adams' sole ownership of the character, while maintaining his claim to initial co-authorship. In 2018 Netzer posted a long attack on Adams on his Facebook page, in response to an interview Adams gave to the magazine Back Issue.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMs. Mystic at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016.\nMs. Mystic at Mighty Crusaders Continuity Comics\nMs. Mystic page at internationalhero.co.ukMs. Mystic is a comic book superhero created by comic book artist/writers Neal Adams and Michael Netzer. The character's first full appearance was in Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers #3 (March 1982), published by Pacific Comics. After Pacific published two issues, the character was published by Adams' own company Continuity Comics, for a total of nine issues between 1982 and 1994.\n\n\n== Fictional character biography ==\nMs. Mystic is a genuine witch who was burned at the stake during the Salem witch trials (1692–1695). Her soul transferred to another plane, and returned to Earth in the modern world. She is strongly concerned with environmental issues. Mystic has long white hair down to her ankles, wears a set of golden spirals in her hair which resemble the insect-antenna of faeries, and her costume is basically a black spandex catsuit created with Zip-A-Tone.\n\n\n== Powers and abilities ==\nMs. Mystic is a magician; her ability to wield magic also gives her the power of flight, the ability to summon a sword of light, and undefined \"Elemental powers\".\nShe can also call upon Mother Nature for assistance. Ms. Mystic once called upon Mother Nature for help, and she responded by creating the superhero team Urth 4. Urth 4 are strongly influenced by the Fantastic Four, a group of four superheroes based on the four classical Greek elements.\n\n\n== Controversy over co-creation ==\nIn 1993 comics artist Michael Netzer sued Neal Adams for credit and misappropriation of a jointly created property, claiming that he initially conceived the character of Ms. Mystic at the behest of DC Comics' art director Vince Colletta in 1977, and went on to co-create the character with Adams. The suit was subsequently dismissed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on grounds of the Statute of Limitations. Netzer later publicly apologized for the grief caused to Adams by the litigation and acknowledged Adams' sole ownership of the character, while maintaining his claim to initial co-authorship. In 2018 Netzer posted a long attack on Adams on his Facebook page, in response to an interview Adams gave to the magazine Back Issue.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMs. Mystic at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016.\nMs. Mystic at Mighty Crusaders Continuity Comics\nMs. Mystic page at internationalhero.co.ukMs. Mystic is a comic book superhero created by comic book artist/writers Neal Adams and Michael Netzer. The character's first full appearance was in Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers #3 (March 1982), published by Pacific Comics. After Pacific published two issues, the character was published by Adams' own company Continuity Comics, for a total of nine issues between 1982 and 1994.\n\n\n== Fictional character biography ==\nMs. Mystic is a genuine witch who was burned at the stake during the Salem witch trials (1692–1695). Her soul transferred to another plane, and returned to Earth in the modern world. She is strongly concerned with environmental issues. Mystic has long white hair down to her ankles, wears a set of golden spirals in her hair which resemble the insect-antenna of faeries, and her costume is basically a black spandex catsuit created with Zip-A-Tone.\n\n\n== Powers and abilities ==\nMs. Mystic is a magician; her ability to wield magic also gives her the power of flight, the ability to summon a sword of light, and undefined \"Elemental powers\".\nShe can also call upon Mother Nature for assistance. Ms. Mystic once called upon Mother Nature for help, and she responded by creating the superhero team Urth 4. Urth 4 are strongly influenced by the Fantastic Four, a group of four superheroes based on the four classical Greek elements.\n\n\n== Controversy over co-creation ==\nIn 1993 comics artist Michael Netzer sued Neal Adams for credit and misappropriation of a jointly created property, claiming that he initially conceived the character of Ms. Mystic at the behest of DC Comics' art director Vince Colletta in 1977, and went on to co-create the character with Adams. The suit was subsequently dismissed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on grounds of the Statute of Limitations. Netzer later publicly apologized for the grief caused to Adams by the litigation and acknowledged Adams' sole ownership of the character, while maintaining his claim to initial co-authorship. In 2018 Netzer posted a long attack on Adams on his Facebook page, in response to an interview Adams gave to the magazine Back Issue.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nMs. Mystic at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016.\nMs. Mystic at Mighty Crusaders Continuity Comics\nMs. Mystic page at internationalhero.co.ukMs. Mystic is a comic book superhero created by comic book artist/writers Neal Adams and Michael Netzer. The character's first full appearance was in Captain Victory and the Galactic Rangers #3 (March 1982), published by Pacific Comics. After Pacific published two issues, the character was published by Adams' own company Continuity Comics, for a total of nine issues between 1982 and 1994.\n\n\n== Fictional character biography ==\nMs. Mystic is a genuine witch who was burned at the stake during the Salem witch trials (1692–1695). Her soul transferred to another plane", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is in charge of the agency responsible for the creation of MYSTIC?	[ { "id": 391873, "question": "MYSTIC (surveillance program) >> creator", "answer": "National Security Agency", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 88622, "question": "who is the head of #1", "answer": "ADM Michael S. Rogers", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]	ADM Michael S. Rogers	[ "Michael S. Rogers" ]	true	Who is the head of the agency that created MYSTIC?
2hop__72118_83769	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "Dazed and Confused (film)", "paragraph_text": "50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in the school parking lot by senior girls (led by Darla), covered in mustard, ketchup, flour and raw eggs and forced to propose to senior boys.\nAs day fades to night, freshman Mitch Kramer escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett, but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion, a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn, Tony Olson, and Mike Newhouse decide to participate in the evening's festivities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson, a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.\nAs the night progresses, students loiter around the Emporium, listen to rock music, cruise the neighborhood and frequent a local drive-through restaurant. Mitch is introduced to sophomore Julie Simms, with whom he shares a mutual attraction. While cruising again with Pink, Pickford and Don Dawson, Mitch drinks beer and smokes marijuana for the first time. After a game of mailbox baseball, a neighborhood resident brandishing a gun threatens to call the police. They barely escape after the resident fires at their car. After returning to the Emporium, Mitch runs into his middle school friends and hatches a plan with them to exact revenge on O'Bannion. The freshmen dump paint on O'Bannion from a roof, causing him to leave in a fit of rage.\nAfter the Emporium closes, an impromptu keg party is planned in a field under a moonlight tower. Cynthia, Tony, and Mike arrive at their first keg party, where Mike is threatened by tough guy Clint Bruno. Tony runs into freshman Sabrina Davis, whom he met earlier during the hazing, and begins spending time with her. Mike, suffering from the humiliation of his confrontation with Clint, decides to make a stand by punching him; in return, he gets tackled by Clint and receives a beating from him. The fight is broken up by Pink and Wooderson. Football player Benny O'Donnell confronts Pink about his refusal toFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers.DFreshman Mitch Kramer (Wiley Wiggins) escapes the initial hazing with his best friend Carl Burnett (Esteban Powell), but is later cornered after a baseball game and violently paddled. Fred O'Bannion (Ben Affleck), a senior participating in the hazing tradition for a second year after failing to graduate, delights in punishing Mitch. Pink gives the injured Mitch a ride home and offers to take him cruising with friends that night. Plans for the evening are ruined when Kevin Pickford's (Shawn Andrews) parents discover his intention to host a keg party. Elsewhere, the intellectual trio of Cynthia Dunn (Marissa Ribisi), Tony Olson (Anthony Rapp), and Mike Newhouse (Adam Goldberg) decide to participate in the evening's activities. Pink and his friend David Wooderson (Matthew McConaughey), a man in his early 20s who still socializes with high school students, pick up Mitch and head for the Emporium, a pool hall frequented by teenagers. feature. Linklater drew heavily on his adolescence in Huntsville, Texas, to write the script, lifting the names of several people from his hometown for the characters. Most actors cast for the film were undiscovered talent, including McConaughey who became the film's breakout star. Linklater shot the film around Austin, with several members of his crew from Slacker. The actors were encouraged to improvise and develop their own characters, with some writing in extra scenes. Linklater gathered several 1970s rock songs for the soundtrack, which made up a significant portion of the film's budget. The picture was marketed by Gramercy Pictures as a stoner film, to Linklater's dismay.\nReleased on September 24, 1993, Dazed and Confused was a commercial disappointment at the box office, grossing less than $8 million in the United States. The film later found success on the home video market and has since become a cult classic. It ranked third on Entertainment Weekly magazine's list of the 50 Best High School Movies. The magazine also ranked it 10th on its \"Funniest Movies of the Past 25 Years\" list. Reviewers have praised the film for its faithful and humanistic depiction of the setting and of high school life.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nOn May 28, 1976, the last day of school at Lee High School in Austin, Texas, the next year's group of seniors prepare for the annual hazing of incoming freshmen. Randall \"Pink\" Floyd, the school's star football player, is asked to sign a pledge promising not to take drugs during the summer or do anything that would \"jeopardize the goal of a championship season\". When classes end, the incoming freshman boys are hunted down by the seniors and paddled. The incoming freshman girls are rounded up in the school parking lot by senior girls (led by Darla), covered in mustard, ketchup, flour and raw eggs and forced to propose to senior boys.\nAs day fades to night, freshman Mitch Kramer", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Justice League (film)", "paragraph_text": "rio and Joss Whedon, the film features an ensemble cast including Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons. In the film, following the events of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after the death of Superman to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.\nWarner Bros. began to develop a live-action Justice League film in 2007 with George Miller set to direct, but the project was canceled due to production delays and budgetary concerns. Principal photography took place from April to October 2016. After Snyder stepped down from the film following the death of his daughter, Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including writing and directing additional scenes, as well as reshooting a large portion of the film, which changed many aspects of it; Snyder ultimately retained sole credit as director. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, Justice League is one of the most expensive films ever made.\nJustice League premiered in Los Angeles on November 13, 2017, and was released in the United States four days later. The film grossed $661.3 million worldwide against an assumed break-even point of $750 million, becoming a box-office bomb and losing Warner Bros. an estimated $60 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism aimed towards the plot, pacing, generic villain, direction, cinematography, and computer-generated imagery, while its humor and disjointed tone were met with polarized responses, although the action sequences and performances were praised.Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.JBen Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons. Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Zack Snyder who was replaced by Joss Whedon after Snyder left the project and written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, the film features an ensemble cast including Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons. In the film, following the events of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after the death of Superman to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.\nWarner Bros. began to develop a live-action Justice League film in 2007 with George Miller set to direct, but the project was canceled due to production delays and budgetary concerns. Principal photography took place from April to October 2016. After Snyder stepped down from the film following the death of his daughter, Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including writing and directing additional scenes, as well as reshooting a large portion of the film, which changed many aspects of it; Snyder ultimately retained sole credit as director. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, Justice League is one of the most expensive films ever made.\nJustice League premiered in Los Angeles on November 13, 2017, and was released in the United States four days later. The film grossed $661.3 million worldwide against an assumed break-even point of $750 million, becoming a box-office bomb and losing Warner Bros. an estimated $60 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism aimed towards the plot, pacing, generic villain, direction, cinematography, and computer-generated imagery, while its humor and disjointed tone were met with polarized responses, although the action sequences and performances were praised.Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.Justice League is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics superhero team of the same name. Produced by Warner Bros. Pictures, DC Films, RatPac-Dune Entertainment, Atlas Entertainment, and Cruel and Unusual Films, and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, it is the fifth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU). Directed by Zack Snyder who was replaced by Joss Whedon after Snyder left the project and written by Chris Terrio and Joss Whedon, the film features an ensemble cast including Ben Affleck, Henry Cavill, Amy Adams, Gal Gadot, Ezra Miller, Jason Momoa, Ray Fisher, Jeremy Irons, Diane Lane, Connie Nielsen, and J. K. Simmons. In the film, following the events of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) Batman and Wonder Woman recruit The Flash, Aquaman, and Cyborg after the death of Superman to save the world from the catastrophic threat of Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons.\nWarner Bros. began to develop a live-action Justice League film in 2007 with George Miller set to direct, but the project was canceled due to production delays and budgetary concerns. Principal photography took place from April to October 2016. After Snyder stepped down from the film following the death of his daughter, Whedon was hired to oversee the remainder of post-production, including writing and directing additional scenes, as well as reshooting a large portion of the film, which changed many aspects of it; Snyder ultimately retained sole credit as director. With an estimated production budget of $300 million, Justice League is one of the most expensive films ever made.\nJustice League premiered in Los Angeles on November 13, 2017, and was released in the United States four days later. The film grossed $661.3 million worldwide against an assumed break-even point of $750 million, becoming a box-office bomb and losing Warner Bros. an estimated $60 million. It received mixed reviews from critics, with criticism aimed towards the plot, pacing, generic villain, direction, cinematography, and computer-generated imagery, while its humor and disjointed tone were met with polarized responses, although the action sequences and performances were praised. Whedon's major involvement during post-production also received harsh criticism, including from cast members such as Gadot and Fisher. A director's cut, titled Zack Snyder's Justice League, was released on HBO Max in 2021, following a fan campaign that advocated for Snyder's vision for the film.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nSteppenwolf and his legions of Parademons attempt to take over the Earth using the combined energies of the three Mother Boxes. The attempt is foiled by a unified alliance including the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, humanity, and extraterrestrial beings. The Mother Boxes are separated and hidden in different locations. Thousands of years later, humanity is still in mourning two years after the death of Superman, which triggered the Mother Boxes' reactivation and Steppenwolf's return to Earth. Steppenwolf aims to gather the boxes to form \"The Unity\", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.\nSteppenwolf retrieves one Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn her daughter Diana. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in an attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause: Wayne goes after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana locates Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry but finds Allen enthusiastic. Stone joins after his father Silas and other S.T.A.R. Labs employees are kidnapped by Steppenwolf, who is seeking the Mother Box protected by humanity.\nSteppenwolf attacks an Atlantean outpost to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box for the group, revealing that his father used it to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost killed him. Knowing this information, Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which character in Dazed and Confused was played by the actor who portrayed Batman in the Justice League film?	[ { "id": 72118, "question": "who is playing batman in the justice league movie", "answer": "Ben Affleck", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 83769, "question": "who did #1 play in dazed and confused", "answer": "Fred O'Bannion", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 } ]	Fred O'Bannion	[]	true	Who did the person portraying Batman in the Justice League movie play in Dazed and Confused?
3hop1__639955_834494_34088	[ { "idx": 9, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": ", Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu��son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ��on (Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [t��k ��n]). Cuk is a stative verb meaning \"(be) black, (be) dark\". ��on is (in this usage) a noun referring to the base or foundation of something. The name is commonly translated into English as \"the base [of the hill] is black\", a reference to a basalt-covered hill now known as Sentinel Peak. Tucson is sometimes referred to as the Old Pueblo and Optics Valley, the latter referring to its optical science and telescopes known worldwide.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe Tucson area was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, who were known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River found a village site dating from 2100 BC. The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early Agricultural Period, c. 1200 BC to AD 150. These people hunted, gathered wild plants and nuts, and ate corn, beans, and other crops grown using irrigation canals they constructed.\nThe Early Ceramic period occupation of Tucson had the first extensive use of pottery vessels for cooking and storage. The groups designated as the Hohokam lived in the area from AD 600 to 1450 and are known for their vast irrigation canal systems and their red-on-brown pottery.\nItalian Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino first visited the Santa Cruz River valley in 1692. He founded the Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1700, about 7 mi (11 km) upstream from the site of the settlement of Tucson. A separate Convento settlement was founded downstream along the Santa Cruz River, near the base of what is now known as \"A\" mountain. Hugo Oconór (Hugo O'Conor), the founding father of the city of Tucson, Arizona, authorized the construction of a military fort in that location, Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón, on August 20, 1775 (the present downtown Pima County Courthouse was built near this site). During the Spanish period of the presidio, attacks such as the Second Battle of Tucson were repeatedly mounted by the Apache. Eventually, the town came to be called Tucsón, a Spanish version of the O'odham word for the area. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Kingdom of Spain and its Spanish Empire in 1821.\nDuring the Mexican–American War in 1846–1848, Tucsón was captured by Philip St. George Cooke with the Mormon Battalion, but it soon returned to Mexican control as Cooke proceeded to the west, establishing Cooke'sTracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse races in the world, and they are still racing there. The racetrack is threatened by development. The Moltacqua racetrack, was another historic horse racetrack located on what is now Sabino Canyon Road and Vactor Ranch Trail, but it no longer exists. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Pima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation", "paragraph_text": " and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street TrailPima County Natural Resources, Parks and Recreation is the agency within Pima County, Arizona that manages the natural resources, parks, and recreation offerings within Pima County including Tucson, AZ.== History ==\nThe agency was established by the county as the Parks and Recreation Department in 1947 with the intended goal of serving \"urban and rural residents and guests by providing leisure-time destinations and services.\"\n\n\n== Parks ==\nNRPR manages 51 parks with the majority located in or near Tucson. Ajo's parks include Ajo Regional Park, E.S. Bud Walker Park, Forrest Rickard Park, and Palo Verde II Park. Green Valley's parks include Canoa Preserve Park and Canoa Ranch.\n\n\n=== Tucson Region ===\n\n\n== River Parks and Greenways ==\nThe Loop (metro river park system)\nCañada del Oro River Park\nHarrison Greenway\nJulian Wash Greenway\nPantano River Park\nRillito River Park\nSanta Cruz River Park\n\n\n== Trailheads ==\n36th Street Trailhead\nAbrego Trailhead\nAgua Caliente Hill South Trailhead\nAvenida de Suzenu Trailhead\nBear Canyon Trailhead\nCamino de Oeste Trailhead\nCampbell TrailheadCentral Arizona Project Trailhead\nColossal Cave Road Trailhead\nDavid Yetman West Trailhead\nEl Camino del Cerro Trailhead\nExplorer Trailhead\nGabe Zimmerman Davidson Canyon Trailhead\nGates Pass Trailhead\nIris Dewhirst Pima Canyon Trailhead\nKing Canyon Trailhead\nRichard Genser Starr Pass Trailhead\nRichard McKee Finger Rock Trailhead\nSarasota Trailhead\nSweetwater Preserve Trailhead\nVentana Canyon", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Helvetia, Arizona", "paragraph_text": " of mining since the mountain range had been part of the Spanish Empire, all the way through to the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, when it became a part of the United States. Although it had always been for silver or gold.\nThis changed in 1875, when Tucson business partners Pinckney Tully and Estevan Ochoa — who were involved in freighting and mining — hauled about 5,000 pounds of copper ore to Tucson to be smelted. Possibly being the first time a significant amount of copper ore was taken from the mountain range.\nA few years later, Ben Hefti, T.G. Roddick and other claimholders formed the Helvetia Mining District, a ten square mile area on the western slope of the mountain. Hefti named it after the ancient name of his birthplace, Switzerland.\nIn 1879, Roddick and James K. Brown, co-owners of the nearby Sahuarito Ranch,(from where the town of SahHelvetia is a populated place in Pima County, Arizona, that was settled in 1891 and abandoned in the early 1920s. Helvetia is an ancient name for Switzerland.Helvetia is a ghost town in Pima County, Arizona, United States that was settled in 1891 and abandoned in the early 1920s. Helvetia is an ancient name for Switzerland. Today, only the Ray Mine and cemeteryHelvetia is a populated place in Pima County, Arizona, that was settled in 1891 and abandoned in the early 1920s. Helvetia is an ancient name for Switzerland. Switzerland. Today, only the Ray Mine and cemetery are visitable, as the rest of the town has been fenced off due to active mining operations.\n\n\n== History ==\nThe Santa Rita Mountains had been a locale of mining since the mountain range had been part of the Spanish Empire, all the way through to the Gadsden Purchase of 1854, when it became a", "is_supporting": true } ]	In the city that is in the same county as Helvetia, where do the NASCAR races take place?	[ { "id": 639955, "question": "Helvetia >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Pima County", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 834494, "question": "#1 >> contains administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Tucson", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 34088, "question": "Where does #2 hold NASCAR races?", "answer": "Tucson Raceway Park", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 } ]	Tucson Raceway Park	[ "Tucson, Arizona", "Tucson" ]	true	Where are NASCAR races held in the city that shares a county with Helvetia?
4hop3__131775_29339_508306_70744	[ { "idx": 11, "title": "Fort Hill (Clemson, South Carolina)", "paragraph_text": " originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by Dr. James McElhenny, who was the pastor of Hopewell Presbyterian Church. The house later became the home of John C. Calhoun and his wife Floride Calhoun in 1825. Calhoun enlarged it to 14 rooms and renamed it Fort Hill for nearby Fort Rutledge, which was built around 1776. The architectural style is Greek revival with Federal detailing and with simple interior detailing.\nAfter John Calhoun's death in 1850, the property and the 50 slaves there passed to his wife to be shared with three of her children: Cornelia, John, and Anna Maria, wife of Thomas Green Clemson. Anna sold her share to Floride Calhoun. Floride Calhoun sold the plantation to her son, Andrew Pickens Calhoun, and held the mortgage. After Andrew died in 1865, she filed for foreclosure against Andrew's heirs before her death in 1866.\nAfter lengthy legal proceedings, the plantation was auctioned at Walhalla in 1872. The executor of her estate won the auction, which was divided among her surviving heirs. Her daughter, Anna Clemson, received the residence with about 814 acres (329 ha) and her great-granddaughter, Floride Isabella Lee, received about 288 acres (117 ha). Thomas Green and Anna Clemson moved into Fort Hill in 1872. After Anna's death in 1875, Thomas Green Clemson inherited Fort Hill.\nIn his 1888 will, Clemson bequeathed more than 814 acres (329 ha) of the Fort Hill estate to the State of South Carolina for an agricultural college with a stipulation that the dwelling house \"shall never be torn down or altered; but shall be kept in repair with all articles of furniture and vesture...and shall always be open for inspection of visitors.\" Clemson University has operated Fort Hill as a house museum as stipulated in the will. The house is all that remains of what was once an extensive plantation estate.\nThe home was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1960.\nFort Hill was closed for a two-year restoration project and was reopened in the spring of 2003. Fort Hill was named a national treasure by the Save America's Treasures program, and its artifacts are currently undergoing a comprehensive conservation program funded by this federal grant and matching funds.\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina\nNational Register of Historic Places listings in Pickens County, South Carolina\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nFort Hill: National Historic Landmark, at Clemson University\nFort Hill, Pickens County (Clemson University), including 12 photos, at South Carolina Department of Archives and History\nHistoric American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. SC-344, \"Fort Hill, Clemson University Campus, Clemson, Pickens County, SC\", 122 photos, 19 color transparencies, 28 measured drawings, 41 data pages, 13 photo caption pages\nHABS No. SC-344-A, \"Fort Hill, Office, Clemson University Campus, Clemson, Pickens County, SC\", 1 photo, 4 measured drawings, 4 data pages, 1 photo caption page\nFort Hill Historical MarkerFort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun House and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Pickens County, South Carolina, United States, near the City of Clemson.\nFrom 1825-1850, the house was the home of noted proponent of constitutional Nullification, John C. Calhoun, the 7th Vice President of the United States.\nClemson University was established on the Fort Hill plantation site in 1889, and in accordance with the terms of its inheritance, has maintained the house and its immediate parcel as a museum and library — all that remains of what originally was an approximately 1,000 acre plantation estate.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe house was originally built as a four-room house about 1803 and was called Clergy Hall by Dr. James McElhenny, who was the pastor of Hopewell Presbyterian Church. The house later became the home of John C. Calhoun and his wife Floride Calhoun in 1825. Calhoun enlarged it to 14 rooms and renamed it Fort Hill for nearby Fort Rutledge, which was built around 1776. The architectural style is Greek revival with Federal detailing and with simple interior detailing.\nAfter JohnFort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory.Fort Hill, also known as the John C. Calhoun Mansion and Library, is a National Historic Landmark on the Clemson University campus in Clemson, South Carolina. The house is significant as the home from 1825-50 of John C. Calhoun, a leading national politician of the period, and is now a museum and library maintained in his memory.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "2004 United States presidential election", "paragraph_text": "In March's Super Tuesday, Kerry won decisive victories in the California, Connecticut, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, and Rhode Island primaries and the Minnesota caucuses. Dean, despite having withdrawn from the race two weeks earlier, won his home state of Vermont. Edwards finished only slightly behind Kerry in Georgia, but, failing to win a single state other than South Carolina, chose to withdraw from the presidential race. Sharpton followed suit a couple weeks later. Kuninch did not leave the race officially until July.The first debate was held on September 30 at the University of Miami, moderated by Jim Lehrer of PBS. During the debate, slated to focus on foreign policy, Kerry accused Bush of having failed to gain international support for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq, saying the only countries assisting the U.S. during the invasion were the United Kingdom and Australia. Bush replied to this by saying, \"Well, actually, he forgot Poland.\" Later, a consensus formed among mainstream pollsters and pundits that Kerry won the debate decisively, strengthening what had come", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry", "paragraph_text": " campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs. It has often been listed as one of the best rivalries in college sports.\nMuch like the Alabama–Auburn rivalry, the Clemson–Carolina rivalry is an in-state collegiate rivalry. However, unlike Alabama–Auburn, this is one of a handful of rivalries whereCollege comparison Clemson University University of South Carolina Location Clemson Columbia Students 23,406 34,618 School colors Clemson Orange and Regalia Garnet and Black Nickname Tigers Gamecocks Mascot The Tiger and The Tiger Cub Cocky National Championships 5 10 which consists of more than a dozen athletic, head-to-head matchups each school year. South Carolina leads the all-sport series 5–1, after Clemson won the 2023–24 series. Both institutions are public universities supported by the state, and their campuses are separated by only 132 miles. South Carolina and Clemson have been bitter rivals since 1896, and a heated rivalry continues", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Ted Wright Stadium", "paragraph_text": " stadium's construction was part of massive school building project that spanned from 1964 to 1971. The new stadiumTed Wright Stadium is a 13,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Savannah, Georgia. The facility is located on the campus of Savannah State University and is named in honor of Theodore Wright who served as the Tiger's head football coach from 1947-1949.TTed Wright Stadium is a 13,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Savannah, Georgia. The facility is located on the campus of Savannah State University and is named in honor of Theodore Wright who served as the Tiger's head football coach from 1947-1949. Tigers football and track and field teams and occasionally hosts games and events by high schools in Chatham County. The stadium is named in honor of Ted A. Wright, who served as Savannah State's head football coach from 1947 to 1949.\nThe original stadium's construction was part of massive school building project that spanned from 1964 to 1971. The new stadiumTed Wright Stadium is a 13,500-seat multi-purpose stadium in Savannah, Georgia. The facility is located on the campus of Savannah State University and is named in honor of Theodore Wright who served as the Tiger's head", "is_supporting": true } ]	Between the university located in the state that houses Fort Hill and the university in the state where Edwards claimed a primary win, excluding the state where Ted Wright Stadium is found, which has racked up more national championships?	[ { "id": 131775, "question": "Which state is Ted Wright Stadium located?", "answer": "Georgia", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 29339, "question": "Besides #1 , what other state primary did Edwards win?", "answer": "South Carolina", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 508306, "question": "Fort Hill >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Clemson", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 70744, "question": "who has more national championships #3 or #2", "answer": "University of South Carolina", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]	University of South Carolina	[ "SC" ]	true	Which has more national championships, university of the state having Fort Hill or university of the state whose primary was won by Edwards besides the state having Ted Wright Stadium?
4hop1__342858_131850_33897_81096	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-upAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Yuma, Colorado", "paragraph_text": " \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities and towns\nColorado municipalities\nColorado counties\nYuma County, Colorado\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial website\nCDOT map of the City of Yuma\nGoYuma.com\nThe Yuma PioneerYuma is a home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2020 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nA post office in Yuma has been in operation since 1885. The community was named after a Native American named Yuma who worked for the railroad, died and was buried near the town site. \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma isThe City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populousThe City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census. post office in Yuma has been in operation since 1885. The community was named after a Native American named Yuma who worked for the railroad, died and was buried near the town site. \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Yuma County Library District", "paragraph_text": " establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board of Directors has the authority to set the Library District’s tax rate.\nThe Board of Trustees consists of nine members who are appointed by the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors. Board of Trustee positions are honorary and without compensation. Their primary function is to promote the development and improvement of Library District services. The Trustees recommend library policies to the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors.\nThe Library District is primarily funded by real property taxes.The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, WellThe Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma. as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.\nEach library features books, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, CDs, DVDs, Internet access, printing, and copying services. Programs and classes for all ages are offered throughout the year, including storytimes, summer reading, technology training and assistance, and topics of local interest.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Library District's mission statement is \"Yuma County Library District is your center for information, community enrichment, recreational reading, and lifelong learning.\" Its official slogan is \"Your Information Connection.\"\nThe County Board of Supervisors serves as the Library District Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is the", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": " Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of the city, Tucsón (Spanish pronunciation: [tu��son]), is derived from the O'odham Cuk ��on (Uto-ATucson (/ˈtuːsɒn/ /tuːˈsɒn/) is a city and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States, and home to the University of Arizona. The 2010 United States Census put the population at 520,116, while the 2013 estimated population of the entire Tucson metropolitan statistical area (MSA) was 996,544. The Tucson MSA forms part of the larger Tucson-Nogales combined statistical area (CSA), with a total population of 980,263 as of the 2010 Census. Tucson is the second-largest populated city in Arizona behind Phoenix, both of which anchor the Arizona Sun Corridor. The city is located 108 miles (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the U.S.-Mexico border. Tucson is the 33rd largest city and the 59th largest metropolitan area in the United States. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname Optics Valley. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who emerged as the victor in the Indy Car Race in the most densely populated city of the state where the Yuma Library District is situated?	[ { "id": 342858, "question": "Yuma >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Yuma County", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 131850, "question": "Which state is #1 Library District located?", "answer": "Arizona", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 33897, "question": "What is the largest populated city in #2 ?", "answer": "Phoenix", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 81096, "question": "who won the indy car race in #3", "answer": "Mario Andretti", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	Mario Andretti	[]	true	Who won the Indy Car Race in the largest populated city of the state where Yuma's Library District is located?
3hop2__304722_689786_63959	[ { "idx": 11, "title": "Malcolm Beard", "paragraph_text": " footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on toHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.MHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level. Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He joined the club as an amateur in 1957 when he left school, and turned professional in May 1959. He also played for Aston Villa and in non-league football for Atherstone Town. He went on to coach in England and abroad, and was employed as chief scout by Leicester City and Aston Villa. He was capped for England at youth level.\n\n\n== Honours ==\nBirmingham City\n\nInter-Cities Fairs Cup runners-up: 1960–61\nFootball League Cup winners: 1962–63\n\n\n== References ==Malcolm Beard (born 3 May 1942) is an English former professional footballer born in Cannock, Staffordshire, who made more than 350 appearances in the Football League playing as a wing half.\nHe spent the vast majority of his playing career at Birmingham City, for whom he made 405 appearances in all competitions. He", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1894–95 FA Cup", "paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There wereThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Second City derby", "paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for theDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the most recent occasion on which the sports team with Malcolm Beard as a player triumphed over the champion of the FA cup in 1894-95?	[ { "id": 304722, "question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner", "answer": "Aston Villa", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 689786, "question": "Malcolm Beard >> member of sports team", "answer": "Birmingham City", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 63959, "question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1", "answer": "1 December 2010", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]	1 December 2010	[]	true	When was the last time the sports team that Malcolm Beard was a member of beat the 1894-95 FA cup winner?
2hop__460091_405771	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Myxophaga", "paragraph_text": " the hind wings are rolled apically in the resting positions. Internally, they are characterised by the presence of six malpighian tubules and the testes are tube-like and coiled.\nBeetles of this suborder are adapted to feed on algae. Their mouthparts are characteristic in lacking galeae and having a mobile tooth on their left mandible.\n\n\n== Taxonomy ==\nThere are four extant families in the suborder Myxophaga divided between two superfamilies, containing about 65 described species, and at least one extinct family.\nSuperfamily Lepiceroidea Hinton, 1936\n\nFamily Lepiceridae Hinton, 1936\nLepicerus Motschulsky, 1855\n†Lepiceratus Jałoszyński et al. 2020\nSuperfamily Sphaeriusoidea Erichson, 1845\n\nFamily Hydroscaphidae LeConte, 1874\nHydroscapha LeConte, 1874\nScaphydra Reichardt, 1973\nYara Reichardt & Hinton, 1976\nConfossa Short, Joly, García & Maddison, 2015\nFamily Sphaeriusidae Erichson, 1845\nSphaerius Waltl, 1838\nBezesporum Fikáček et al. 2022\n†Burmasporum Kirejtshuk 2009\n†Crowsonaerius Li & Cai in Li et al. 2023\nFamily Torridincolidae Steffan, 1964\nClaudiella Reichardt & Vanin, 1976\nDelevea Reichardt, 1976\nIapir Py-Daniel, da Fonseca & Barbosa, 1993\nIncoltorrida Steffan, 1973\nSatonius Endrödy-Younga, 1997\nTorMyxophaga is the second smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.Myxophaga is the second smallest suborder of the Coleoptera after Archostemata, consisting of roughly 65 species of small to minute beetles in four families. The members of this suborder are aquatic and semiaquatic, and feed on algae.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "Ommatidae", "paragraph_text": "The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. Extant species of this group only occur in Australia and South America, but the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across modern day Europe, Siberia, Myanmar, and China. Discovery of Upper Jurassic Chinese and Upper Cretaceous Burmese fossils suggest that they were widespread during Pangea. So far, 13 extinct genera containing over 100 species of these beetles have been described. Two extant genera have been assigned to this family: \"Omma\" and \"Tetraphalerus\".The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. Extant species of this group only occur in Australia and South America, but the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across modern day Europe, Siberia, Myanmar, and China. Discovery of Upper Jurassic Chinese and Upper Cretaceous Burmese fossils suggest that they were widespread during Pangea. So far, 13 extinct genera containing over 100 species of these beetles have been described. Two extant genera have been assigned to this family: \"Omma\" and \"Tetraphalerus\".The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. However, the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across Eurasia and Australia, suggesting that they were widespread on Pangea. So far, over 26 extinct genera containing over 170 species of these beetles have been described. Three extant genera have been assigned to this family: Omma, Tetraphalerus and Beutelius. The family is considered to be a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but have been found to be more closely related to Micromalthidae in molecular phylogenies. A close relationship with Micromalthidae is supported by several morphological characters, including those of the mandibles and male genitalia. Due to their rarity, their ecology is obscure, it is likely that their larvae feed on deadwood.\n\n\n== Genera ==\nAccording to Kirejtshuk, 2020 and subsequent literature.\n\n\n=== Extinct genera ===\n†Allophalerus Kirejtshuk, 2020 – Early Jurassic-Late Cretaceous (Asia)\n†Asiania Lee et al., 2023 – Early Cretaceous (South Korea)\n†Blapsium Westwood, 1854 – Middle Jurassic (England)\n†Brochocoleus Hong, 1982 – Early Jurassic-Late Cretaceous (Eurasia)\n†Bukhkalius Kirejtshuk and Jarzembowski, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Burmocoleus Kirejtshuk, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Cionocoleus Ren, 1995 – Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Eurasia)\n†Cionocups Kirejtshuk, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Clessidromma Jarzembowski et al., 2017 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Diluticupes Ren, 1995 – Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Eurasia)\n†Echinocups Kirejtshuk and Jarzembowski, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) (other authors consider this genus a junior synonym of Notocupes)\n†?Eurydictyon Ponomarenko, 1969 – Early Jurassic (Kyrgyzstan) (possibly closely related to Notocupes)\n†Jarzembowskiops Kirejtshuk, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Kirejtomma Li and Cai, 2021 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Lepidomma Jarzembowski et al., 2019 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Liassocupes Zeuner, 1962 – Early Jurassic (England)\n†Limnomma Li and Cai in Li et al., 2021 – Middle Jurassic (China)\n†Lithocupes Ponomarenko, 1966 – Late Triassic (Kyrgyzstan)\n†Miniomma Li, Yamamoto and Cai, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Monticupes Ren, 1995 – Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (China)\n†?Notocupes Ponomarenko, 1964 – Middle Triassic-Late Cretaceous (Eurasia) (other authors have considered this genus more closely related to Cupedidae)\n†?Notocupoides Ponomarenko, 1966 – Late Triassic (Kyrgyzstan) (possibly closely related to Notocupes)\n†Odontomma Ren et al., 2006 – Early Cretaceous (China)\n†Paraodontomma Yamamoto, 2017 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Pareuryomma Tan et al., 2012 – Early Cretaceous (China)\n†Polyakius Kirejtshuk, 2020 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†?Rhabdocupes Ponomarenko, 1966 – Late Triassic (Kyrgyzstan) (possibly closely related to Notocupes)\n†Rhopalomma Ashman et al., 2015 – Late Jurassic (Australia)\n†Stegocoleus Jarzembowski and Wang, 2016 – Burmese amber, Myanmar, mid-Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian)\n†Tetraphalerites Crowson, 1962 – Eocene (England)\n†Zygadenia Handlirsch, 1906 – Early Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Eurasia, ?Australia) (probably closely related to Notocupes)\n\n\n=== Extant genera ===\nOmma Newman, 1839 – Late Triassic-Late Cretaceous (Eurasia), recent (Australia)\nTetraphalerus Waterhouse, 1901 – Middle Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Asia) recent (South America)\nBeutelius Escalona et al., 2020 – Recent (Australia)\nThe extinct genus Fuscicupes Hong and Wang 1990 was included in the family by some authors, but was excluded by Kirejtshuk (2020).\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n Data related to Ommatidae at Wikispecies\nOmmatidae Tree of Life\n\"Ommatida\". Atlas of Living Australia.The Ommatidae are a family of beetles in the suborder Archostemata. The Ommatidae are considered the extant beetle family that has most ancestral characteristics. There are only seven extant species, confined to Australia and South America. However, the geographical distribution was much wider during the Mesozoic spanning across Eurasia and Australia, suggesting that they were widespread on Pangea. So far, over 26 extinct genera containing over 170 species of these beetles have been described. Three extant genera have been assigned to this family: Omma, Tetraphalerus and Beutelius. The family is considered to be a subfamily of Cupedidae by some authors, but have been found to be more closely related to Micromalthidae in molecular phylogenies. A close relationship with Micromalthidae is supported by several morphological characters, including those of the mandibles and male genitalia. Due to their rarity, their ecology is", "is_supporting": true } ]	To which taxonomic group does Ommatidae belong?	[ { "id": 460091, "question": "Ommatidae >> parent taxon", "answer": "Archostemata", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 405771, "question": "#1 >> parent taxon", "answer": "Coleoptera", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 } ]	Coleoptera	[ "beetles", "beetle", "Beetle" ]	true	What taxa is Ommatidae part of?
2hop__132929_684936	[ { "idx": 7, "title": "Skyflash", "paragraph_text": " Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Saab Viggens.\nSkyflash replaced the original Raytheon conical scanning seeker with a Marconi inverse monopulse seeker that worked with the F-4's radar. Monopulse seekers are more accurate, less susceptible to jamming, and able to easily pick out targets at low altitudes. It offered significantly better performance than the original seeker, allowing British Aerospace to dispense with upgrades to the warhead that were carried out in the US to address poor accuracy.\nSkyflash was tested in the US, but after trials against experimental monopulse seekers from Raytheon, the United States Navy elected to order a different monopulse-equipped version of the Sparrow, the AIM-7M. Both Skyflash and AIM-7M were later replaced by the more capable AMRAAM.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nSkyflash came out of a British plan to develop an inverse monopulse seeker for the Sparrow AIM-7E-2 by General Electric Company (GEC) and the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) at the end of the 1960s. Having shown this was feasible, Air Staff Requirement 1219 was issued in January 1972, with the project code XJ.521. The contractors were Hawker Siddeley and Marconi Space & Defence Systems (the renamed GEC guided weapons division) at Stanmore. Major changes from the Sparrow were the addition of a Marconi semi-active inverse monopulse radar seeker, improved electronics, adapted control surfaces and a Thorn EMI active radar fuze. The rocket motors used were the Bristol Aerojet Mk 52 mod 2 and the Rocketdyne Mk 38 mod 4 rocket motor; the latest is the Aerojet Hoopoe.\nTests of the resulting missile showed it could function successfully in hostile electronic countermeasures (ECM) environments and could engage targets under a wide variety of conditions. It could be launched from as low as 100 m to attack a high-altitudeThe British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens.The British Aerospace Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and Swedish Flygvapnet Viggens.The Skyflash, or Sky Flash in marketing material, was a medium-range semi-active radar homing air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile and carried by Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantoms and Tornado F3s, Italian Aeronautica Militare and Royal Saudi Air Force Tornados and", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Sea Wolf (missile)", "paragraph_text": " their Bofors 40 mm guns. It entered service in 1961, the first point-defence missile to do so.\nThe limited performance was understood to be a problem from the start and a requirement for a higher performance replacement was published in 1964. British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) won a 1967 development contract along with Vickers and Bristol Aerojet. Although only slightly longer and heavier than Seacat, Sea Wolf offered dramatically higher performance, with a top speed on the order of Mach 3, an effective range roughly double that of Seacat, and a fully automated guidance system that made engagements much simpler.\nTesting lasted from 1970 until 1977, with shipborne trials on a modified Leander class frSea Wolf is a naval guided missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics (now MBDA). It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a final line of defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf is being replaced by Sea Ceptor.or.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nThe earliest point-defence missile used by the Royal Navy was the Seacat, which had been rapidly developed from an earlier anti-tank missile design, the Malkara. As a weapon originally designed to operate against slow-moving ground vehicles, the missile had subsonic performance and was of limited capability against even early jet aircraft. It was used largely due to the ease which it could be adapted to the role simply by replacing the original wire guidance system with a radio command link, and that its small size allowed multi-round launchers to be fitted to ships in place of their Bofors 40 mm guns. It entered service in 1961, the first point-defence missile to do so.\nThe limited performance was understood to be a problem from the start and a requirement for a higher performance replacement was published in 1964. British Aircraft Corporation (BAC) won a 1967 development contract along with Vickers and Bristol Aerojet. Although only slightly longer and heavier than Seacat, Sea Wolf offered dramatically higher performance, with a top speed on the order of Mach 3, an effective range roughly double that of Seacat, and a fully automated guidance system that made engagements much simpler.\nTesting lasted from 1970 until 1977, with shipborne trials on a modified Leander class frigate, HMS Penelope, from 1976. Sea Wolf was tested with a vertical launch system early in the development period on a modified Loch class frigate, HMS Loch Fada but for obscure reasons work did not continue in this direction: the GWS-26 \"VL Seawolf (VLS)\" being a much later (1980s) development. During trials, the missile performed impressively, once intercepting a 114 mm (4.5 in) shell.\n\nThe first deployment, in the GWS-25 form, was on the Type 22 frigate (2 systems) and later on modified Leander class frigates (1 system) in six-round, manually-loaded trainable launchers. It entered service with the Royal Navy in 1979 and was used during the Falklands War. The current version is the GWS-26 Mod 1 system on Type 23 frigates, fielding 32 vertical launch missiles (VL Sea Wolf) in its missile silo. It is expected to remain in service until 2020.\n\n\n== Description ==\nSea Wolf is powered by the Blackcap solid-fuel rocket to a maximum velocity of Mach 2, and can intercept targets at ranges between 1,000 and 6,000 m (1,100 and 6,600 yd) and altitudes from 10 m (33 ft) to 3,000 m (9,800 ft). The warhead weighs 14 kg (30.9 lb) and is a proximity fuzed HE-fragmenting typeSea Wolf is a naval guided missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BAe) Dynamics (now MBDA). It is an automated point-defence weapon system designed as a final line of defence against both sea-skimming and high angle anti-ship missiles and aircraft. The Royal Navy has fielded two versions, the GWS-25 Conventionally Launched Sea Wolf (CLSW) and the GWS-26 Vertically Launched Sea Wolf (VLSW) forms. In Royal Navy service Sea Wolf is being replaced by Sea Ceptor.Sea Wolf is a naval surface-to-air missile system designed and built by BAC, later to become British Aerospace (BA", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which business entity evolved to be the manufacturer of the Skyflash missile?	[ { "id": 132929, "question": "What company makes Skyflash?", "answer": "British Aerospace", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 684936, "question": "#1 >> follows", "answer": "BAC", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]	BAC	[]	true	What company eventually became the company that made the Skyflash missle?
3hop1__536452_15840_36002	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_text": " rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like Space Invaders (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer Nintendo. \nHiroshi Yamauchi, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised that breakthroughs in the electronics industry meant that entertainment products could be produced at lower prices. Companies such as Atari and Magnavox were already selling gaming devices for use with television sets, to moderate success. Yamauchi negotiated a licence with Magnavox to sell its gameThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ��リー��ンピュー��, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (フ��コン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (��대 ��보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is an 8-bit home video game console produced by Nintendo. It was first released in Japan on 15 July The Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ファミリーコンピュータ, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (ファミコン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (현대 컴보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. shooting games, and R.O.B, a toy robot accessory.\nThe NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the American gaming industry following the video game crash of 1983, and pioneered a now-standard business model of licensing third-party developers to produce and distribute games. The NES features several groundbreaking games, including Super Mario Bros. (1985), The Legend of Zelda (1986), Metroid (1986), and Mega Man (1987) which have become major franchises. \nThe NES dominated Japanese and North American markets, but initially underperformed in Europe where it faced strong competition from the Sega Master System and microcomputers. With 61.91 million units sold, it is one of the best-selling consoles of all time. It was succeeded in 1990 by the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Background ===\n\nThe video game industry experienced rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the golden age of arcade games and the second generation of consoles. Games like Space Invaders (1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the Atari 2600 and the Intellivision gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer Nintendo. \nHiroshi Yamauchi, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised that breakthroughs in the electronics industry meant that entertainment products could be produced at lower prices. Companies such as Atari and Magnavox were already selling gaming devices for use with television sets, to moderate success. Yamauchi negotiated a licence with Magnavox to sell its gameThe Nintendo Entertainment System (also abbreviated as NES) is an 8-bit home video game console that was developed and manufactured by Nintendo. It was initially released in Japan as the Family Computer (Japanese: ��リー��ンピュー��, Hepburn: Famirī Konpyūta?) (also known by the portmanteau abbreviation Famicom (フ��コン, Famikon?) and abbreviated as FC) on July 15, 1983, and was later released in North America during 1985, in Europe during 1986, and Australia in 1987. In South Korea, it was known as the Hyundai Comboy (��대 ��보이 Hyeondae Keomboi) and was distributed by SK Hynix which then was known as Hyundai Electronics. It was succeeded by the Super", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Pinball Quest", "paragraph_text": " (a slot machine-themed game) and Viva! Golf (a whack-a-mole-style game) are additional single-player modes. Pop! Pop! is a sports-themed multiplayer mode that can be played by up to 4 players.\n\n\n=== RPG mode ===\nIn RPG mode, the player controls the silver pinball and progresses through a six-level castle to rescue Princess Bali from Beezelbub, the \"Dark Lord of the Machine.\" As in traditional pinball, flippers are used to keep the ball in the playfield and accomplish objectives, such as hitting targets or defeatingPinball Quest is the name of a Nintendo Entertainment System video game developed by TOSE and published by Jaleco in 1990. The game is based on the popular arcade game pinball. The role playing aspect of the game makes it unique from other pinball based video games.Pinball Quest is a 1989 pinball video game developed by Tose and published by Jaleco. Released for the Nintendo Entertainment System, Pinball Quest was unusual at the time of its release for its \"unique\" mash-up of pinball and role-playing game (RPG) mechanics, and it is considered the \"first ever RPG pinball game.\"\n\n\n== Game play ==\n\nThe game includes four modes: a story-driven \"RPG mode\" as well as \"Circus,\" \"Viva! Golf,\" and \"Pop! Pop!\"\nCircus (a slot machine-themed game) and Viva! Golf (a whack-a-mole-style game) are additional single-player modes. Pop! Pop! is a sports-themed multiplayer mode that can be played by up to 4 players.\n\n\n=== RPG mode ===\nIn RPG mode, the player controls the silver pinball and progresses through a six-level castle to rescue Princess Bali from Beezelbub, the \"Dark Lord of the Machine.\" As in traditional pinball, flippers are used to keep the ball in the playfield and accomplish objectives, such as hitting targets or defeating an enemy. \nDuring game play, the player earns gold which can be spent at the Black Market, a store run by imps. At the Black Market, players can purchase upgraded flippers and stoppers.\nBelow are the six \"RPG mode\" stages and the notable characters or features in each stage as listed in the instruction manual.\n\nTomb (the Captain's Spirit, skeletons)\nGate (Ziffroo the witch, demon dogs)\nGoblins (goblin kids, goblin guards)\nRiver (\"toitles,\" \"Wheel O' Luck,\" dark knights)\nHarpy (harpy, demonPinball Quest is the name of a Nintendo Entertainment System video game developed by TOSE and published by Jaleco in 1990. The game is based on the popular arcade game pinball. The role playing aspect of the game makes it unique from other pinball based video games.) mechanics, and it is considered the \"first ever RPG pinball game.\"\n\n\n== Game play ==\n\nThe game includes four modes: a story-driven \"RPG mode\" as well as \"Circus,\" \"Viva! Golf,\" and \"Pop! Pop!\"\nCircus (a slot machine-themed game) and Viva! Golf (a whack-a-mole-style game) are additional single-player modes. Pop! Pop! is a sports-themed multiplayer mode that can be played by up to 4 players.\n\n\n=== RPG mode ===\nIn RPG mode, the player controls the silver pinball and progresses through a six-level castle to rescue Princess Bali from Beezelbub, the \"Dark Lord of the Machine.\" As in traditional pinball, flippers are used to keep the ball in the playfield and accomplish objectives, such as", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Super Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_text": " North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega Enterprises followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. However, it took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. same, several forms of regional lockout prevent cartridges for one version from being used in other versions.\nThe Super NES is Nintendo's second programmable home console, following the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). The console introduced advanced graphics and sound capabilities compared with other systems at the time, like the Sega Genesis. It was designed to accommodate the ongoing development of a variety of enhancement chips integrated into game cartridges to be more competitive into the next generation.\nThe Super NES received largely positive reviews and was a global success, becoming the best selling console of the 16-bit era after launching relatively late and facing intense competition from Sega's Genesis console in North America and Europe. Overlapping the NES's 61.9 million unit sales, the Super NES remained popular well into the 32-bit era, with 49.1 million units sold worldwide by the time it was discontinued in 2003. It continues to be popular among collectors and retro gamers, with new homebrew games and Nintendo's emulated rereleases, such as on the Virtual Console, the Super NES Classic Edition, Nintendo Switch Online; as well as several non-console emulators which operate on a desktop computer or mobile device, such as Snes9x.\n\n\n== History ==\nTo compete with the popular Family Computer in Japan, NEC Home Electronics launched the PC Engine in 1987, and Sega followed suit with the Mega Drive in 1988. The two platforms were later launched in North America in 1989 as the TurboGrafx-16 and the Sega Genesis respectively. Both systems were built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound over the 8-bit NES. It took several years for Sega's system to become successful. Nintendo executives were in no rush to design a new system, but they reconsidered when they began to see their dominance in the market slipping. Bill Mensch, the co-creator of the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor and founder of the Western Design Center (WDC), gave Ricoh the exclusive right to supply 8-bit and 16-bit WDC microprocessors for the new system. Meanwhile, Sony engineer Ken Kutaragi reached an agreement with Nintendo to design the console's sound chip without notifying his supervisors, who were enraged when they discovered the project; though Kutaragi was nearly fired, then-CEO Norio Ohga intervened in support of the project and gave him permission to complete it.\nOn September 9, 1987, then-Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi revealed the development of the Super Famicom in the newspaper Kyoto Shimbun. On August 30, 1988, in an interview with TOUCH Magazine, Yamauchi announced the development of Super Mario Bros. 4, Dragon Quest V, three original games, and he projected sales of 3 million units of the upcoming console. Famicom Hissyoubon magazine speculated that Yamauchi's early announcement was probably made to forestall Christmas shopping for the PC Engine, and relayed Enix's clarification that it was waiting on", "is_supporting": true } ]	What benefits did the Genesis have compared to the Pinball Quest platform?	[ { "id": 536452, "question": "Pinball Quest >> platform", "answer": "Nintendo Entertainment System", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 15840, "question": "What is the abbreviation of #1 ?", "answer": "NES", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 36002, "question": "What were the Genesis's advantages over the #2 ?", "answer": "built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 } ]	built on 16-bit architectures and offered improved graphics and sound	[ "16-bit", "16-bit architecture" ]	true	What were the Genesis's advantages over the platform of Pinball Quest?
4hop3__638064_88460_30152_20999	[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Geography of Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "Myanmar (also known as Burma) is the northwestern-most country of mainland Southeast Asia, bordering China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos. It lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Himalayas. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes.,275 miles (2,050 km) with a long tail running along the western coast of the Malay Peninsula.\nMyanmar lies along the Indian and Eurasian Plates, to the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau. To its west is the Bay of Bengal and to its south is the Andaman Sea. The country is nestled between several mountain ranges with the Arakan Mountains on the west and the Shan Plateau dominating the east. The central valley follows the Irrawaddy River, the most economically important river to the country with 39.5 million people, including the largest city Yangon, living within its basin. The country is home to many diverse ethnic groups, with 135 officially recognized groups. It is strategically located near major Indian Ocean shipping lanes and was historically home to overland trade routes into China from the Bay of Bengal. The neighboring countries are China, India, Bangladesh, Thailand and Laos.\n\n\n== Area and boundaries ==\nArea\n\nTotal: 676,578 km2 (261,228 sq mi)\ncountry rank in the world: 39th\nLand: 653,508 km2 (252,321 sq mi)\nWater: 23,070 km2 (8,910 sq mi)\n\n\n=== Maritime borders ===\nThe southern maritime boundary follows coordinates marked by both Myanmar and Thailand towards the maritime tripoint with India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The maritime India-Myanmar border resumes end south of", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Ottoman Empire", "paragraph_text": " the Ottomans presided over 32 provinces and numerous vassal states, which over time were either absorbed into the Empire or granted various degrees of autonomy. With its capital at Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) and control over a significant portion of the Mediterranean Basin, the Ottoman Empire was at the centre of interactions between the Middle East and Europe for six centuries.\nWhile the Ottoman Empire was once thought to have entered a period of decline after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent, modern academic consensus posits that the empire continued to maintain a flexible and strong economy, society and military into much of the 18th century. However, during a long period of peace from 1740 to 1768, the Ottoman military system fell behind those of its chief European rivals, the Habsburg and Russian empires. The Ottomans consequently suffered severe military defeats in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, culminating in the loss of both territory and global prestige. This prompted a comprehensive process of reform and modernization known as the Tanzimat; over the course of the 19th century, the Ottoman state became vastly more powerful and organized internally, despite suffering further territorial losses, especially in the Balkans, where a number of new states emerged.\nBeginning in the late 19th century, various Ottoman intellectuals sought to further liberalize society and politics along European lines, culminating in the YoungThe discovery of new maritime trade routes by Western European states allowed them to avoid the Ottoman trade monopoly. The Portuguese discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 initiated a series of Ottoman-Portuguese naval wars in the Indian Ocean throughout the 16th century. The Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire, allied with the Ottomans, defied the Portuguese economic monopoly in the Indian Ocean by employing a new coinage which followed the Ottoman pattern, thus proclaiming an attitude of economic independence in regard to the Portuguese.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Myanmar", "paragraph_text": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar, Shan states, Lan Na and upper Tenasserim. The Restored Toungoo kings created a legal and political framework whose basic features would continue well into the 19th century. The crown completely replaced the hereditary chieftainships with appointed governorships in the entire Irrawaddy valley, and greatly reduced the hereditary rights of Shan chiefs. Its trade and secular administrative reforms built a prosperous economy for more than 80 years. From the 1720s onward, the kingdom was beset with repeated Meithei raids into Upper Myanmar and a nagging rebellion in Lan Na. In 1740, the Mon of Lower Myanmar founded the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Hanthawaddy forces sacked Ava in 1752, ending the 266-year-old Toungoo Dynasty.The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese in 1613 and Siam in 1614. It restored a smaller, more manageable kingdom, encompassing Lower Myanmar, Upper Myanmar", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Viengthong District, Houaphanh", "paragraph_text": " to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (NPA), which is home to a number of endangered species including tigers. The park headquarters are in the town.VViengthong is a district (\"muang\") of Houaphanh Province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (NPA), which is home to a number of endangered species including tigers. The park headquarters are in the town. ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement calledViengthong is a district (\"muang\") of Houaphanh Province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area (NPA), which is home to a number of endangered species including tigers. The park headquarters are in the town.Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of the tiger', alluding to tiger attacks in the area.\nThere was a temple called Vat Hiem on a nearby hill where the district government administration building sits today, but this was destroyed by US bombing during the Laotian Civil War. The only remnants are a stupa and an unexploded bomb lodged deep in the ground, deemed not to be dangerous.\n\n\n== See also ==\nViengthong district, Bolikhamsai, another Laos district by the same name\n\n\n== References ==Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of the tiger', alluding to tiger attacks in the area.\nThere was a temple called Vat Hiem on a nearby hill where the district government administration building sits today, but this was destroyed by US bombing during the Laotian Civil War. The only remnants are a stupa and an unexploded bomb lodged deep in the ground, deemed not to be dangerous.\n\n\n== See also ==\nViengthong district, Bolikhamsai, another Laos district by the same name\n\n\n== References ==Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of the tiger', alluding to tiger attacks in the area.\nThere was a temple called Vat Hiem on a nearby hill where the district government administration building sits today, but this was destroyed by US bombing during the Laotian Civil War. The only remnants are a stupa and an unexploded bomb lodged deep in the ground, deemed not to be dangerous.\n\n\n== See also ==\nViengthong district, Bolikhamsai, another Laos district by the same name\n\n\n== References ==Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of the tiger', alluding to tiger attacks in the area.\nThere was a temple called Vat Hiem on a nearby hill where the district government administration building sits today, but this was destroyed by US bombing during the Laotian Civil War. The only remnants are a stupa and an unexploded bomb lodged deep in the ground, deemed not to be dangerous.\n\n\n== See also ==\nViengthong district, Bolikhamsai, another Laos district by the same name\n\n\n== References ==Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of the tiger', alluding to tiger attacks in the area.\nThere was a temple called Vat Hiem on a nearby hill where the district government administration building sits today, but this was destroyed by US bombing during the Laotian Civil War. The only remnants are a stupa and an unexploded bomb lodged deep in the ground, deemed not to be dangerous.\n\n\n== See also ==\nViengthong district, Bolikhamsai, another Laos district by the same name\n\n\n== References ==Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of the tiger', alluding to tiger attacks in the area.\nThere was a temple called Vat Hiem on a nearby hill where the district government administration building sits today, but this was destroyed by US bombing during the Laotian Civil War. The only remnants are a stupa and an unexploded bomb lodged deep in the ground, deemed not to be dangerous.\n\n\n== See also ==\nViengthong district, Bolikhamsai, another Laos district by the same name\n\n\n== References ==Viengthong district is a district (muang) of Houaphanh province in northeastern Laos. It is the gateway to the Nam Et-Phou Louey National Park, which protects mountain forests which are home to a number of endangered species. The park headquarters is in the town.\n\n\n== History ==\nBefore the Laotian Civil War, Viengthong district was under the same jurisdiction as Pak Seng district, Luang Prabang province, and was a Buddhist settlement called Muang Hiem, which means 'beware of", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the method of expulsion for individuals whom the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire had declared independence via new coins, from the geographical border separating Thailand and the country of the Hiam district?	[ { "id": 638064, "question": "Hiam District >> country", "answer": "Laos", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 88460, "question": "what natural boundary lies between thailand and #1", "answer": "Myanmar", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 30152, "question": "New coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire from whom?", "answer": "the Portuguese", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 20999, "question": "How were the #3 expelled from #2 ?", "answer": "The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]	The dynasty regrouped and defeated the Portuguese	[]	true	How were people from whom new coins were a proclamation of independence by the Somali Muslim Ajuran Empire expelled from the natural boundary between Thailand and Hiam district's country?
2hop__96062_159673	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Escape from L.A.", "paragraph_text": ", drugs, premarital sex, firearms, profanity, and red meat. Violators are given a choice between loss of U.S. citizenship and permanent deportation to the new Los Angeles Island, or repentance and death by electrocution. Escape from the island is made impossible due to a containment wall erected along the mainland shore and a heavy federal police presence monitoring the area.\nBy 2013, the U.S. has developed a superweapon known as the \"Sword of Damocles,\" a satellite system capable of targeting electronic devices anywhere in the world and rendering them useless. The president intends to use it to dominate the world byEscape from L.A. (also known as John Carpenter's Escape from L.A. or Escape from Los Angeles) is a 1996 American postapocalyptic action film co-written, co-scored, and directed by John Carpenter, co-written and produced by Debra Hill and Kurt Russell, with Russell also starring as Snake Plissken. A sequel to \"Escape from New York\", \"Escape from L.A.\" co-stars Steve Buscemi, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. The film received a mixed reception and was a box-office bomb.EscapeEscape from L.A. (also known as John Carpenter's Escape from L.A. or Escape from Los Angeles) is a 1996 American postapocalyptic action film co-written, co-scored, and directed by John Carpenter, co-written and produced by Debra Hill and Kurt Russell, with Russell also starring as Snake Plissken. A sequel to \"Escape from New York\", \"Escape from L.A.\" co-stars Steve Buscemi, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. The film received a mixed reception and was a box-office bomb. at the box office and received polarized reactions from critics. The film later found a strong cult following.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 2000, a massive earthquake strikes the city of Los Angeles, cutting it off from the mainland as the San Fernando Valley floods. Declaring that God is punishing Los Angeles for its sins, a theocratic presidential candidate wins election to a lifetime term of office. He orders the United States capital relocated from Washington, D.C. to his hometown of Lynchburg, Virginia and enacts a series of strict morality laws, banning such things as smoking, alcohol, drugs, premarital sex, firearms, profanity, and red meat. Violators are given a choice between loss of U.S. citizenship and permanent deportation to the new Los Angeles Island, or repentance and death by electrocution. Escape from the island is made impossible due to a containment wall erected along the mainland shore and a heavy federal police presence monitoring the area.\nBy 2013, the U.S. has developed a superweapon known as the \"Sword of Damocles,\" a satellite system capable of targeting electronic devices anywhere in the world and rendering them useless. The president intends to use it to dominate the world byEscape from L.A. (also known as John Carpenter's Escape from L.A. or Escape from Los Angeles) is a 1996 American postapocalyptic action film co-written, co-scored, and directed by John Carpenter, co-written and produced by Debra Hill and Kurt Russell, with Russell also starring as Snake Plissken. A sequel to \"Escape from New York\", \"Escape from L.A.\" co-stars Steve Buscemi, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, and Pam Grier. The film received a mixed reception and was a box-office bomb.Escape from L.A. (stylized on-screen as John Carpenter's Escape from L.A.) is a 1996 American post-apocalyptic action film co-written, co-scored, and directed by John Carpenter, co-written and produced by Debra Hill and Kurt Russell, with Russell also starring as Snake Plissken. A sequel to Escape from New York (1981), Escape from L.A. co-stars Steve Buscemi, Stacy Keach, Bruce Campbell, Peter Fonda, and Pam Grier. Escape from L.A. failed to meet the studio's expectations at the box office and received polarized reactions from critics. The film later found a strong cult following.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nIn 2000, a massive earthquake strikes the city of Los Angeles, cutting it off from the mainland as the San Fernando Valley floods. Declaring that God is punishing Los Angeles for its sins, a theocratic presidential candidate wins election to a lifetime term of office. He orders the United States capital relocated from Washington, D.C. to his hometown of Lynchburg, Virginia and enacts a series of strict morality laws, banning such things as smoking, alcohol, drugs, premarital sex, firearms, profanity, and red meat. Violators are given a choice between loss of U.S. citizenship and permanent deportation to the new Los Angeles", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_text": " featured in the film; The White Stripes' \"Apple Blossom\" (2000), David Hess' \"Now You're All Alone\" (1972) (originally from The Last House on the Left's soundtrack) and Roy Orbison's \"There Won't Be Many Coming Home\" (1966), as well as dialogue clips from the film. The trailer used the instrumental version of the song \"Same Ol'\" from The Heavy.\nThe soundtrack won a Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Score on 28 February 2016.\nThe opening track, \"L’ultima diligenza di Red Rock\" (Versione Integrale), was released as a single online on December 15, The Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demián Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.The Hateful Eight (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (stylized as Quentin Tarantino's The H8ful Eight) is the soundtrack album to Quentin Tarantino's 2015 motion picture The Hateful Eight. The soundtrack includes the first complete original score for a Tarantino film and is composed, orchestrated and conducted by Ennio Morricone. Morricone composed 50 minutes of original music for The Hateful Eight.\nThe Hateful Eight was the composer's first score for a Western film since Buddy Goes West (1981) and the first for a Hollywood production since Ripley's Game (2002). The score features notable horror references including Morricone's repurposed score from John Carpenter's The Thing (1982) and \"Regan's Theme\" from The Exorcist II, which serve the sinister mood.\nIn addition to Morricone's music, the album includes three songs which are featured in the film; The White Stripes' \"Apple Blossom\" (2000), David Hess' \"Now You're All Alone\" (1972) (originally from The Last House on the Left's soundtrack) and Roy Orbison's \"There Won't Be Many Coming Home\" (1966), as well as dialogue clips from the film. The trailer used the instrumental version of the song \"Same Ol'\" from The Heavy.\nThe soundtrack won a Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Score on 28 February 2016.\nThe opening track, \"L’ultima diligenza di Red Rock\" (Versione Integrale), was released as a single online on December 15, 2015. In December 2016, it gained a nomination for a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for Mr. Morricone.\n\n\n== Background ==\nTarantino originally wanted Morricone to compose the soundtrack for Inglourious Basterds. However, Morricone refused because of the spedThe Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demián Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War. composer's first score for a Western film since Buddy Goes West (1981) and the first for a Hollywood production since Ripley's Game (2002). The score features notable horror references including Morricone's repurposed score from John Carpenter's The Thing (1982) and \"Regan's Theme\" from The Exorcist II, which serve the sinister mood.\nIn addition to Morricone's music, the album includes three songs which are featured in the film; The White Stripes' \"Apple Blossom\" (2000), David Hess' \"Now You're All Alone\" (1972) (originally from The Last House on the Left's soundtrack) and Roy Orbison's \"There Won't Be Many Coming Home\" (1966), as well as dialogue clips from the film. The trailer used the instrumental version of the song \"Same Ol'\" from The Heavy.\nThe soundtrack won a Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Original Score on 28 February 2016.\nThe opening track, \"L’ultima diligenza di Red Rock\" (Versione Integrale), was released as a single online on December 15, The Hateful Eight (often marketed as The H8ful Eight) is a 2015 American western thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Jackson, Kurt Russell, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Walton Goggins, Demián Bichir, Tim Roth, Michael Madsen, and Bruce Dern as eight strangers who seek refuge from a blizzard in a stagecoach stopover some time after the American Civil War.The Hateful Eight (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) (stylized as Quentin Tarantino's The H8ful Eight) is the soundtrack album to Quentin Tarantino's 2015 motion picture The Hateful Eight. The soundtrack includes the first complete original score for a Tarantino film and is composed, orchestrated and conducted by Ennio Morricone. Morricone composed 50 minutes of original music for The Hateful Eight.\nThe Hateful Eight was the composer's first score for a Western film since Buddy Goes West (1981) and the first for a Hollywood production since Ripley's Game (2002). The score features notable horror references including Morricone's repurposed score from John Carpenter's The Thing (1982) and \"Regan's Theme\" from The Exorcist II, which serve the sinister mood.\nIn addition to Morricone's music, the album includes three songs which are featured in the film; The White Stripes' \"Apple Blossom\" (2000), David Hess' \"Now You're All Alone\" (1972) (originally from The Last House on the Left's soundtrack) and Roy Orbison's \"There Won't Be Many Coming Home\" (1966", "is_supporting": true } ]	In which other film did a member of the "Escape from L.A." cast portray a role?	[ { "id": 96062, "question": "Who is in Escape from L.A. as a cast member?", "answer": "Kurt Russell", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 159673, "question": "#1 is a character in which film?", "answer": "The Hateful Eight", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	The Hateful Eight	[ "Hateful Eight" ]	true	What other movie did the cast member of Escape from L.A. play a character in?
3hop2__304722_692815_63959	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Darren Carter", "paragraph_text": "–0 defeat to local rivals West Bromwich Albion at The Hawthorns on 29 January 2002. He scored his first goal in senior football on 10 April, helping the Blues to secure a play-off spot with a 3–1 victory over Crewe Alexandra at St Andrew's. On 12 May, he made himself a Birmingham City hero when he scored the decisive penalty in the shoot-out to win the play-off final against Norwich City at the Millennium Stadium. The match had finished 1–1 after extra time.\nCarter played only 12 Premier League matches in the 2002–03 season, with half of these appearances coming before mid-October. His first team opportunities were even more restricted in the 2003–04 campaign, as he featured in just five Premier League matches. Despite this, he signed a three-and-a-half-year contract in January 2004 after 20 months of negotiations. In March 2004 he was scheduled to go out on loan to Rotherham United before injuries and suspensions at Birmingham persuaded manager Steve Bruce to put an end to the deal.\nHe was loaned to Sunderland in September 2004. Carter scored on his debut, in a 3–1 victory over Preston North End at the Stadium of Light on 18 September. He made nine further appearances for the club before being recalled by Birmingham on 6 December. This gave his Birmingham career the boost it needed, and he was seen as a vital member of the squad until his July 2005 transfer to West Bromwich Albion for £1.5 million. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Sunderland won promotion to the Premier League as champions of the Championship.\n\n\n=== West Bromwich Albion ===\nCarter made his West Bromwich Albion debut at The Hawthorns in a 3–2 defeat to his former club Birmingham on 27 August 2005. He initially struggled to make the bench, and on 11 October manager Bryan Robson said that he \"is still very much in my thoughts at this time\". He scored his first goal for the club four days later with a 20-yard (18 m) volley in a 2–1 victory over Arsenal; the strike won him the club's Goal-of-the-Season Award. The \"Baggies\" were relegated at the end of the 2005–06 season, and Carter was singled out for booing by the home crowd.\nHe made 33 appearancesA former England under-19 and under-20 international, Carter began his career with Birmingham City, and came to prominence at the age of 18 when his penalty in the 2002 First Division play-off final clinched the club's promotion to the Premier League. He was loaned to Sunderland in winter 2004, before he was sold to West Bromwich Albion for £1.5 million in July 2005. In August 2007, he joined Preston North End for a fee of up to £1.25 million. Loaned to Millwall in the 2010–11 season, he later had to spend the 2011–12 season without a club after tearing a groin muscle during a trial match. He returned to action in the 2012–13 campaign with Cheltenham Town, and then spent two seasons with Northampton Town. He spent the next two seasons with Forest Green Rovers of the National League before joining Solihull Moors in 2017.DA former England under-19 and under-20 international, Carter began his career with Birmingham City, and came to prominence at the age of 18 when his penalty in the 2002 First Division play-off final clinched the club's promotion to the Premier League. He was loaned to Sunderland in winter 2004, before he was sold to West Bromwich Albion for £1.5 million in July 2005. In August 2007, he joined Preston North End for a fee of up to £1.25 million. Loaned to Millwall in the 2010–11 season, he later had to spend the 2011–12 season without a club after tearing a groin muscle during a trial match. He returned to action in the 2012–13 campaign with Cheltenham Town, and then spent two seasons with Northampton Town. He spent the next two seasons with Forest Green Rovers of the National League before joining Solihull Moors in 2017.2011–12 season without a club after tearing a groin muscle during a trial match. He returned to action in the 2012–13 campaign with Cheltenham Town, and then spent two seasons with Northampton Town. He spent the next two seasons with Forest Green Rovers of the National League and a further four with Solihull Moors.\nWhile with Solihull Moors, he managed their youth academy and acted as a development coach, and spent time as first-team coach of West Bromwich Albion Women, before taking up the post of interim head coach of FA WSL club Birmingham City Women in November 2021", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 6, "title": "Second City derby", "paragraph_text": " 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVillaDate Venue Home team Score Competition Round Attendance 5 November 1887 Wellington Road Aston Villa 4 -- 0 FA Cup 2nd Round 23 March 1901 Muntz Street Small Heath 0 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final 27 March 1901 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 FA Cup Quarter Final replay 23 May 1963 St Andrew's Birmingham City 3 -- 1 League Cup Final 1st leg 31,850 27 May 1963 Villa Park Aston Villa 0 -- 0 League Cup Final 2nd leg 37,921 27 September 1988 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 2 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 12 October 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 5 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 9 November 1988 Villa Park Aston Villa 6 -- 0 Full Members Cup 1st Round 8,324 21 September 1993 St Andrew's Birmingham City 0 -- 1 League Cup 2nd Round 1st leg 27,815 6 October 1993 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 2nd Round 2nd leg 35,856 1 December 2010 St Andrew's Birmingham City 2 -- 1 League Cup Quarter Final 27,679 22 September 2015 Villa Park Aston Villa 1 -- 0 League Cup 3rd Round 34,442 \nThe last pre-league FA Cup campaign saw the first competitive \"Second City derby\" occur on Saturday, 5 November 1887. Villa beat Small Heath 4–0 in the fifth round. Tommy Green scored a brace before half-time with Albert Brown and Albert Allen adding to the score in the second half. This was their first meeting with modern rivals Birmingham City. \nThe first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, saw Villa win 2–1 after Birmingham had been promoted to the first division for a two year stint.\nSecond Division Small Heath F.C. took part in the 1900–01 FA Cup, losing in the third round to First division Aston Villa after a replay, Villa's Billy Garraty being the sole scorer over the two fixtures. That season Small Heath finished runners-up in Second Division, so were promoted to the First Division for 1901–02. Villa won 2–0 at Coventry Road Muntz Street with goals by Jack Devey and Joe Bache. In the 1901 Boxing Day fixture, Villa's Jasper McLuckie was the only scorer. At the end of the season Birmingham were relegated back to the Second Division. \nBirmingham were promoted to the First Division in 1903–04 and Second City derbies were played up to 1907–08 when they were relegated. The teams would not meet again in top flight competition until fifteen years later when Birmingham were again promoted to the first division for 1921–22. The derbies continued until Aston Villa were relegated in 1935–36. The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches. In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match. The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000. Waring scored three times in the match.\nVilla were promoted for the 1938–39 season. Both teams won their home games. Following Birmingham's relegation there would be no further derbies until their promotion for the 1948–49 season.\nThe most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league. Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour.\nDuring the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture. In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title. Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982. Both teams promptly went into decline. Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "1894–95 FA Cup", "paragraph_text": " played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week. If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined. If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played.\n\n\n== Calendar ==\nThe format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final.\n\n\n== First round proper ==\nThe first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams. The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division. The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition. Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper. Eight non-league sides also qualified.\nThe matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895. One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture. The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played. The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool.\n\n\n== Second round proper ==\nThe eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895. There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture.\n\n\n== Third round proper ==\nThe four Third Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 March 1895. There were no replays.\n\n\n== Semi-finals ==\nThe semi-final matches were both played on Saturday, 16 March 1895. Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion went on to meet in the final at Crystal Palace.\n\n\n== Final ==\n\nThe final was contested by Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace. Aston Villa won 1–0, with Bob Chatt being credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history, scored after just 30 seconds. Devey found Hodgetts, whose cross was laid off by Athersmith to Chatt, whose half volley took a deflection.\n\n\n=== Match details ===\n\n\n== See also ==\nFA Cup Final Results 1872-\n\n\n== References ==\nGeneral\nOfficial site; fixtures and results service at TheFA.com\n1894-95 FA Cup at rsssf.com\n1894-95 FA Cup at soccerbase.com\nSpecificThe 1894–95 FA Cup was the 24th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup). The cup was won by Aston Villa, who defeated West Bromwich Albion 1–0 in the final of the competition, played at Crystal Palace in London. This was Villa's second victory in the FA Cup.\nThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of WThe Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W. Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.10 reward. According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer. The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game.\nMatches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did Darren Carter's squad last triumph over the champion of the 1894-95 FA Cup?	[ { "id": 304722, "question": "1894–95 FA Cup >> winner", "answer": "Aston Villa", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 692815, "question": "Darren Carter >> member of sports team", "answer": "Birmingham City", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 63959, "question": "when was the last time #2 beat #1", "answer": "1 December 2010", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	1 December 2010	[]	true	When was the last time Darren Carter's team beat the 1894-95 FA Cup winner?
4hop1__708184_153080_159767_81096	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Desert Diamond West Valley Phoenix Grand Prix", "paragraph_text": " of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden, struggling with a broken front wing, lost his fourth position to a hard-charging Hildebrand. At roughly lap 120, the second cycle of pit stops came, during which Alexander Rossi made contact with the wall and was forced to retire from the race, though there was no caution for this incident. Shortly after, however, Rossi's teammate Takuma Sato made contact with the turn four wall and came to a stop on the frontstretch, bringing out the caution. Due to where the pit stop cycle was at the time, Pagenaud now held a sizable advantage on the field, allowing him to pit under yellow without losing any track position.\nThe restart came on lap 149, where Pagenaud was able to pull out a healthy lead due to several lapped cars being between him and Power. Further back, Newgarden was able to march back up into the top five quickly after finally being afforded the chance to change his front wing. Little change in the order occurred as the field cycled through their final pit cycle from about lap 190 through lap 210. Pagenaud's lead now stood at over 5.5 seconds on lap 215.\nShortly after pit stops, Newgarden's day went awry once again, as he and Ryan Hunter-Reay made contact, breaking Newgarden's front wing again and breaking Hunter-Reay's suspension, taking him out of the race. For the second time in three races, all Andretti Autosport cars were out of the race. Newgarden changed front wings again, dropping him to 10th. The biggest beneficiary of the incident, however, was Hildebrand, who was able to pass both Newgarden and Castroneves, who had slowed up to avoid the incident, boosting him to third place.\nUp front, it was smooth sailing for Pagenaud, who came across the finish line over nine seconds ahead of his teammate Power. Hildebrand came across the line third, securing his first podium finish in six years. Castroneves finished fourth while Scott Dixon, who ran an quiet race, finished fifth, the first car one lap down. For Pagenaud, the victory was his 10thAfter a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).After a hiatus of eleven years, the race was revived by the Verizon IndyCar Series in 2016. It was held on Saturday night under the lights. Long considered a popular Indy car track, Phoenix has a rich history of open wheel races, including a spectacular crash involving Johnny Rutherford (1980), and the final career victory for Indy legend Mario Andretti (1993).== Report ==\n\n\n=== Qualifying ===\nQualifying was held on Friday, April 28. Hélio Castroneves took pole position, breaking the track record that he had set the previous lap with a time of 37.7538 (194.905 mph). His teammate Will Power qualified second. J. R. Hildebrand qualified third; the only driver outside of Team Penske in the top five. Tony Kanaan in sixth place was the fastest Honda driver.\n\n\n=== Race ===\nThe race was held on Saturday, April 29. The start saw Hélio Castroneves pull into the lead, while Josef Newgarden was able to move into second after passing both Will Power and J. R. Hildebrand. Behind them, however, the start was chaotic, as Mikhail Aleshin spun in the middle of turn one, triggering a multi-car incident that took out championship leader Sébastien Bourdais, Max Chilton, Marco Andretti, and Graham Rahal. All five were out of the race. Ryan Hunter-Reay suffered a punctured tire in the incident and dropped to 15th following his pit stop.\nAfter a lengthy clean-up, racing resumed on lap 22, where Simon Pagenaud managed to move in front of Hildebrand for fourth place. For several laps, the order remained unchanged. On lap 70, however, Pagenaud was able to catch up to his teammate Power and move himself into third place. Pit stops began shortly after, where Power was able to leapfrog all three of his teammates and take the lead of the race, with Castroneves, Pagenaud, and Newgarden behind. James Hinchcliffe rounded out the top five after the stops. During the cycle, Conor Daly lost numerous laps after suffering a gearbox failure while on pit lane on lap 78.\nThe order remained largely unchanged for the following stint, though Newgarden", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_text": "les Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American jazz upright bassist, composer, bandleader, pianist, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz greats such as Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Max Roach, and Eric Dolphy. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles, to pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus (1956) and Mingus Ah Um (1959), and progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady (1963).\nMingus's compositions continue to be played by contemporary musicians ranging from the repertory bands Mingus Big Band, Mingus Dynasty, and Mingus Orchestra, to the high school students who play the charts and compete in the Charles Mingus High School Competition. In 1993, the Library of Congress acquired Mingus's collected papers—including scores, sound recordings, correspondence and photos—in what they described as \"the most important acquisition of a manuscript collection relating to jazz in the Library's history\".\n\n\n== Biography ==\n\n\n=== Early life and career ===\nCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus Jr. was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles.\nMingus's ethnic background was complex. His ancestry included German American, African American, and Native American heritage. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African American from the southern United States. Mingus was the great-great-great-grandson of his family's founding patriarch who, by most accountsCharles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus was born in Nogales, Arizona. His father, Charles Mingus Sr., was a sergeant in the U.S. Army. Mingus was largely raised in the Watts area of Los Angeles. His maternal grandfather was a Chinese British subject from Hong Kong, and his maternal grandmother was an African-American from the southern United States. Mingus was the third great-grandson of the family's founding patriarch who was, by most accounts, a German immigrant. His ancestors included German American, African American, and Native American.Charles Mingus Jr. (April 22, 1922 – January 5, 1979) was an American", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Arizona", "paragraph_text": " fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.\nArizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the NavArizona ( (listen); Navajo: Hoozdo Hahoodzo Navajo pronunciation: [xòːztò xɑ̀xòːtsò]; O'odham: Alĭ ṣonak Uto-Aztecan pronunciation: [ˡaɺi ˡʂonak]) is a state in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the Western and the Mountain states. It is the sixth largest and the 14th most populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix. Arizona shares the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico; its other neighboring states are Nevada and California to the west and the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.\nArizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.\nSouthern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with very hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady", "paragraph_text": " \"ethnic folk-dance music\", and has been described by critics as blending \"jazz and classical but alsoThe Black Saint and the Sinner Lady is a studio album by American jazz musician Charles Mingus, released on Impulse! Records in 1963. The album consists of a single continuous composition—partially written as a ballet—divided into four tracks and six movements.The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady is a studio album by Charles Mingus. It was recorded on January 20, 1963, and released in July of that year by Impulse! Records. The album comprises a single continuous composition—partially written as a ballet—divided into four tracks and six movements. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest jazz records of all time.\n\n\n== Recording ==\nThe album was recorded on JanuaryThe Black Saint and the Sinner Lady is a studio album by American jazz musician Charles Mingus, released on Impulse! Records in 1963. The album consists of a single continuous composition—partially written as a ballet—divided into four tracks and six movements.", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who was the winner of the Indy car race that took place in the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state where the individual who performed The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady was born?	[ { "id": 708184, "question": "The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady >> performer", "answer": "Charles Mingus", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 153080, "question": "What city is #1 from?", "answer": "Arizona", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 159767, "question": "what city is both the largest city and the state capital of #2 ?", "answer": "Phoenix", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 81096, "question": "who won the indy car race in #3", "answer": "Mario Andretti", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	Mario Andretti	[]	true	Who won the Indy car race in the largest city and the capital of the US state of origin of the performer of The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady?
2hop__423045_570226	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Hainan Island incident", "paragraph_text": " to make an emergency landing on Hainan. The 24 crew members were detained and interrogated by the Chinese authorities until a statement was delivered by the United States government regarding the incident. The exact phrasing of this document was intentionally ambiguous and allowed both countries to save face while defusing a potentially volatile situation between militarily strong regional states.TheThe EP-3 was operating about away from the PRC island province of Hainan, and about away from the Chinese military installation in the Paracel Islands, when it was intercepted by two J-8 fighters. A collision between the EP-3 and one of the J-8s caused the death of a PRC pilot, and the EP-3 was forced to make an emergency landing on Hainan. The 24 crew members were detained and interrogated by the Chinese authorities until a statement was delivered by the United States government regarding the incident. The exact phrasing of this document was intentionally ambiguous and allowed both countries to save face while defusing a potentially volatile situation between militarily strong regional states.-3 was forced to make an emergency landing on Hainan without approved permission from the PRC, and its 24 crew members were detained and interrogated by Chinese authorities until a statement was delivered by the United States government regarding the incident. The ambiguous phrasing of the statement allowed both countries to save face and defused a potentially volatile situationThe EP-3 was operating about away from the PRC island province of Hainan, and about away from the Chinese military installation in the Paracel Islands, when it was intercepted by two J-8 fighters. A collision between the EP-3 and one of the J-8s caused the death of a PRC pilot, and the EP-3 was forced to make an emergency landing on Hainan. The 24 crew members were detained and interrogated by the Chinese authorities until a statement was delivered by the United States government regarding the incident. The exact phrasing of this document was intentionally ambiguous and allowed both countries to save face while defusing a potentially volatile situation between militarily strong regional states.The Hainan Island incident was a ten-day international incident between the United States and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) that resulted from a mid-air collision between a United States Navy EP-3E ARIES II signals intelligence aircraft and a Chinese Air Force J-8II interceptor on April 1, 2001.\nThe EP-3 was flying over the South China sea at a point roughly midway between Hainan Island and the Paracel Islands when it was intercepted by two J-8 fighters. A collision between the EP-3 and one of the J-8s caused damage to the EP-3 and the crash of the J-8 and the loss of its pilot. The EP-3", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Nada, Hainan", "paragraph_text": " Station (ISS) along with the Commercial Crew Program, and oversees the development of the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System for the lunar Artemis program.\nNASA's science division is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System; advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program; exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic spacecraft such as New Horizons and planetary rovers such as Perseverance; and researching astrophysics topics, such as the Big Bang, through the James Webb Space Telescope, the four Great Observatories, and associated programs. The Launch Services Program oversees launch operations for its uncrewed launches.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Creation ===\n\nNASA traces its roots to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Despite being the birthplace of aviation, by 1914 the United States recognized that it was far behind Europe in aviation capability. Determined to regain American leadership in aviation, the United States Congress created the Aviation Section of the U.S. Army Signal Corps in 1914 and established NACA in 1915 to foster aeronautical research and development. Over the next forty years, NACA would conduct aeronautical research in support of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and the civil aviation sector. After the end of World War II, NACA became interested in the possibilities of guidedNada () is a town in Danzhou city, Hainan province, China. Nada was established more than 400 years ago, and has been the administrative seat and urban center of Danzhou (formerly Dan County) since 1958. It has a population of 220,000 as of 2010.TheNada () is a town in Danzhou city, Hainan province, China. Nada was established more than 400 years ago, and has been the administrative seat and urban center of Danzhou (formerly Dan County) since 1958. It has a population of 220,000 as of 2010..S. space development effort a distinct civilian orientation, emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the 1968–1972 Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA supports the International Space Station (ISS) along with the Commercial Crew Program, and oversees the development of the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System for the lunar Artemis program.\nNASA's science division is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System; advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program; exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic spacecraft such as New Horizons and planetary rovers such as Perseverance; and researching astrophysics topics, such as the Big Bang, through the James Webb Space Telescope, the four Great Observatories, and associated programs. The Launch Services Program oversees launch operations for its uncrewed launches.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Creation ===\n\nNASA traces its roots to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Despite being the birthplace of aviation, by 1914 the United States recognized that it was far behind Europe in aviation capability. Determined to regain American leadership in aviation, the United States Congress created the Aviation Section of the U.S. Army Signal Corps in 1914 and established NACA in 1915 to foster aeronautical research and development. Over the next forty years, NACA would conduct aeronautical research in support of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and the civil aviation sector. After the end of World War II, NACA became interested in the possibilities of guidedNada () is a town in Danzhou city, Hainan province, China. Nada was established more than 400 years ago, and has been the administrative seat and urban center of Danzhou (formerly Dan County) since 1958. It has a population of 220,000 as of 2010.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA; ) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research. Established in 1958, it succeeded the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to give the U.S. space development effort a distinct civilian orientation, emphasizing peaceful applications in space science. It has since led most of America's space exploration programs, including Project Mercury, Project Gemini, the 1968–1972 Apollo Moon landing missions, the Skylab space station, and the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA supports the International Space Station (ISS) along with the Commercial Crew Program, and oversees the development of the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System for the lunar Artemis program.\nNASA's science division is focused on better understanding Earth through the Earth Observing System; advancing heliophysics through the efforts of the Science Mission Directorate's Heliophysics Research Program; exploring bodies throughout the Solar System with advanced robotic spacecraft such as New Horizons and planetary rovers such as Perseverance; and researching astrophysics topics, such as the Big Bang, through the James Webb Space Telescope, the four Great Observatories, and associated programs. The Launch Services Program oversees launch operations for its uncrewed launches.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Creation ===\n\nNASA traces its roots to the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Despite being the birthplace of aviation, by 1914 the United States recognized that it was far behind Europe in aviation capability. Determined to regain American leadership in aviation, the United States Congress created the Aviation Section of the U.S. Army Signal Corps in 1914 and established NACA in 1915 to foster aeronautical research and development. Over the next forty years, NACA would conduct aeronautical research in support of the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, and the civil aviation sector. After the end of World War II, NACA became interested in the possibilities of guided missiles and supersonic aircraft, developing and testing the Bell X-1 in a joint program with the U.S. Air Force. NACA's interest in space grew out of its rocketry program at the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division.\n\nThe Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik 1 ushered in the Space Age and kicked off the Space Race. Despite NACA's early rocketry program, the responsibility for launching the first American satellite fell to the Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard, whose operational issues ensured the Army Ballistic Missile Agency would launch Explorer 1, America's first satellite, on February 1, 1958.\nThe Eisenhower Administration decided to split the United States' military and civil spaceflight programs, which were organized together under the Defense Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency. NASA was established on July 29, 1958, with the signing of the National Aeronautics and Space Act and it began operations on October 1, 1958.\nAs the United States' premier aeronautics agency, NACA formed the core of NASA's new structure by reassigning 8,000 employees and three major research laboratories. NASA also proceeded to absorb the Naval Research Laboratory's Project Vanguard, the Army's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the Army Ballistic Missile Agency under Wernher von Braun. This left NASA firmly as the United States' civil space lead and the Air Force as the military space lead.\n\n\n=== First orbital and hypersonic flights ===\n\nPlans for human spaceflight began in the U.S. Armed Forces prior to NASA's creation. The Air Force's Man in Space Soonest project formed in 1956, coupled with the Army's Project Adam, served as the foundation for Project Mercury. NASA established the Space", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which city is in the same province as the Paracel islands?	[ { "id": 423045, "question": "Paracel Islands >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Hainan", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 570226, "question": "Nada, #1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Danzhou", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	Danzhou	[]	true	The Paracel islands are share a province with what city?
3hop2__831456_223623_162182	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "John Phan", "paragraph_text": "on \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born OctoberBon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships.Bon \"John\" Phan (born October 10, 1974 in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California who is a two time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Sa Thầy District", "paragraph_text": "412 square kilometres (931 sq mi). The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLung Leng\n\n\n== References ==Sa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. It is a very mountainous district, with many hydroelectric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities in Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 29,605. The district covers an area of 2,412 square kilometres (931 sq mi). The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLung Leng\n\n\n== References ==Sa ThầySa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. This is a very mountainous district, with many hydro electric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities in Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 29,605. The district covers an area of 2,412 km². The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.SSa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum Province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. This is a very mountainous district, with many hydro electric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities in Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 29,605. The district covers an area of 2,412 km². The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.ầy.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLung Leng\n\n\n== References ==Sa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. It is a very mountainous district, with many hydroelectric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities in Vietnam. As of 2003 the district had a population of 29,605. The district covers an area of 2,412 square kilometres (931 sq mi). The district capital lies at Sa Thầy.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLung Leng\n\n\n== References ==Sa Thầy is a rural district of Kon Tum province in the Central Highlands region of Vietnam. It is a very mountainous district, with many hydroelectric dam projects located along the major rivers. The district has one of the lowest population densities", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "South Central Coast", "paragraph_text": " Nang. Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums. It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon.\nSouth Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) - 8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region. In the Nguy��n dynasty, this area was known as Tả Trực K�� (South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The Paracel Islands (Hoàng Sa District), and Spratly Islands (Trường Sa District), are also part of this region. include Central Highlands (picture 2). Nevertheless, the term \"South Central Region\" can also be used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam.\nThe region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands. It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable around Phan Thiết, Nha Trang, and Da Nang. Tourism also", "is_supporting": true } ]	What sector of the nation that houses Sa Thay is the birthplace of John Phan?	[ { "id": 831456, "question": "Sa Thầy >> country", "answer": "Vietnam", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 223623, "question": "John Phan >> place of birth", "answer": "Da Nang", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 162182, "question": "In what region of #1 is #2 located?", "answer": "South Central Coast", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 } ]	South Central Coast	[]	true	In what region of the country where Sa Thay is located is John Phan's birthplace?
2hop__149862_108549	[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Cosmic Boy", "paragraph_text": "BULLET::::- Cosmic Boy, along with Saturn Girl and Lightning Lad, made his live-action debut in the eleventh episode of the eighth season of the CW series \"Smallville\", portrayed by actor Ryan Kennedy. In the episode, Rokk is seen as the silent leader type. The most determined of the group, Rokk comes the closest to killing Chloe Sullivan, only to be stopped by Clark Kent, who informs Rokk that any Legion inspired by him should never resort to murder. When the group does defeat Brainiac by extracting him from Chloe - Rokk playing a crucial role as he magnetically extracts the particles of Brainiac from her body - Rokk changes the Legion rules accordingly. Just before he leaves, Rokk warns Clark of the days ahead, telling him to be careful. Though mainly referred to as Rokk, Lightning Lad calls him \"Cos\" at one point in the episode. He later returns in the season finale to give Clark a new Legion ring after his was destroyed in \"Infamous\" and warns him that nothing can stop Doomsday from killing him. He gives Clark the ring and tells him to send Doomsday to the future, as the Legion is prepared to fight him there.BULLET::::- Cosmic Boy, along with Saturn Girl and Lightning Lad, made his live-action debut in the eleventh episode of the eighth season of the CW series \"Smallville\", portrayed by actor Ryan Kennedy. In the episode, Rokk is seen as the silent leader type. The most determined of the group, Rokk comes the closest to killing Chloe Sullivan, only to be stopped by Clark Kent, who informs Rokk that any Legion inspired by him should never resort to murder. When the group does defeat Brainiac by extracting him from Chloe - Rokk playing a crucial role as he magnetically extracts the particles of Brainiac from her body - Rokk changes the Legion rules accordingly. Just before he leaves, Rokk warns Clark of the days ahead, telling him to be careful. Though mainly referred to as Rokk, Lightning Lad calls him \"Cos\" at one point in the episode. He later returns in the season finale to give Clark a new Legion ring after his was destroyed in \"Infamous\" and warns him that nothing can stop Doomsday from killing him. He gives Clark the ring and tells him to send Doomsday to the future, as the Legion is prepared to fight him there.Cosmic Boy (Rokk Krinn) is a superhero appearing in comics published by DC Comics. He is from the 31st century, and is a founding member and original leader of the Legion of Super-Heroes.\nCosmic Boy made his live-action debut in an episode of Smallville, portrayed by Ryan Kennedy.\n\n\n== Publication history ==\n\nCosmic Boy first appeared in Adventure Comics #247 (April 1958) and was created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino.\n\n\n== Fictional character biography ==\n\n\n=== Original ===\n\nCosmic Boy is a founding member of the Legion of Super-Heroes, along with Lightning Lad and Saturn Girl, and he has the superhuman ability to generate magnetic fields. Cosmic Boy's brother, Pol, eventually joined the Legion as Magnetic Kid, but died during the \"Magic Wars\". Cosmic Boy is one of the few Legionnaires ever to have his own miniseries, which ran for four issues in the mid-1980s as a spin-off of the Legends cross-over.\nIn the pre-Zero Hour Legion, Cosmic Boy was romantically involved with Night Girl (Lydda Jath) from the Legion of Substitute Heroes. During the \"Five Year Gap\" following the Magic Wars, he lost his powers in the course of a war between the planets of Braal and Imsk (the homeworld of Shrinking Violet), in which the Imskian army used a \"dampener\" on the magnetic fields within the Braalian soldiers. \"Vi\" was on the scene when her fellow Legionnaire was crippled by the dampener during the battle of Venado Bay, and harbored deep guilt for years. No longer using his codename, Rokk retired to the slums of a demilitarized Braal with his wife Lydda, who gave birth to their son Pol (named for Rokk's brother).\nWhen Reep Daggle reformed the Legion, a powerless Rokk joined up, moving his family to the Legion's new headquarters. The former Cosmic Boy continued to serve with honor during the adult Legion's tour of duty, proving that he needed no powers to be a hero. Rokk did however regain his powers shortly before Zero Hour, thanks to a special pair of power gauntlets. He took on the codename Polestar, only to renounce the power gauntlets after they began to affect his mind. After learning that he was apparently destined to become the Time Trapper, Rokk and the rest of the Legion were erased from history by Zero Hour.\n\n\n=== Post-Zero Hour ===\n\nIn the post-Zero Hour Legion, Rokk Krinn came from a poor family but became a superstar in the Braallian sport of Magnoball, earning the nickname \"Cosmic Boy\" after winning the Magnoball Cosmic Games. He sent most of his earnings to his family, unaware", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Smallville", "paragraph_text": " As the series progresses, recurring guests appear at various times to help move the overall storyline of the show or just provide a side-story arc for one of the main characters, such as Brainiac or Adam Knight. Other recurring guests appear as background characters, showing up for only a few scenes, which includes characters like Sheriff Nancy Adams or Dr. Virgil Swann.\n\n\n== Main characters ==\nAccording to co-creator Miles Millar, \"unlike most shows, which pick up in January and you've got four weeks [...] to do your casting\", Millar and co-creator Al Gough had five months to cast their lead characters. In October 2000, the two producers began their search for the three lead roles, and had casting directors in ten different cities. The following is a list of all the characters that are, or at one time were, a main character in the show. During its first season, Smallville had eight regular characters. Six characters from the original cast left the show, with eight new characters coming in over the course of nine seasons.\nThe following is a list of series regulars who appear in one or more of the series' ten seasons. The characters are listed in the order they were first credited in the series.\n\n = Main cast (credited) \n = Recurring cast (4+)\n = Guest cast (1–3)\n\n\n=== Clark Kent ===\n\nPortrayed by Tom Welling, Clark Kent is an alien being from a planet called Krypton with superhuman abilities, which he uses to help others in danger. Clark is adopted by Jonathan and Martha Kent in the series pilot, when he crash lands to Earth as a three-year-old child. Twelve years later, he tries to find his place in life after being told he is an alien by his adoptive father. For most of the series, Clark spends his time running from his Kryptonian heritage, going as far as leaving Smallville, abandoning a quest his biological father Jor-El sends him on in search of three Kryptonian stones of knowledge, continuing his training at the Fortress of Solitude, and unwittingly unleashing a Kryptonian criminal from the Phantom Zone when he refuses to kill Lex.\n\n\n=== Lana Lang ===\n\nPortrayed by Kristin Kreuk, Lana Lang is one of Clark Kent's friends and on-again-off-again girlfriend. In the first season, Lana and Clark's friendship is just beginning, as she is dating Whitney Fordman during this time. After Whitney leaves for the Marines in the season one finale, Lana and Clark slowly begin to try to start a romantic relationship. In season seven, Lana leaves Smallville, leaving behind a DVD explaining to Clark that, even though she loves him, the only way for him to help the world to the best of his ability would be if she left him and Smallville for good.\n\n\n=== Lex Luthor ===\n\nMichael Rosenbaum portrays Lex Luthor, the son of billionaire Lionel Luthor, who is sent to Smallville to run the local fertilizer plant. After Clark saves his life in the pilot episode, the two become quick friends. Over the course of seven seasons—beginning on the day Clark rescues him from drowning—Lex tries to uncover the secrets that Clark keeps. Lex's curiosity eventually leads toSmallville is an American television series developed by writer-producers Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The series, initially broadcast by The WB, premiered on October 16, 2001. After \"Smallville\"s fifth season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, the series' later United States broadcaster. \"Smallville\", which ended its tenth and final season on May 13, 2011, follows Clark Kent (Tom Welling) in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, before he becomes known as Superman. The first four seasons focus on Clark and his friends in high school. After season five \"Smallville\" ventures into adult settings, eventually focusing on his career at the \"Daily Planet\" and introducing other DC comic-book superheroes and villains.SmallSmallville is an American television series developed by writer-producers Alfred Gough and Miles Millar, based on the DC Comics character Superman created by Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster. The series, initially broadcast by The WB, premiered on October 16, 2001. After \"Smallville\"s fifth season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, the series' later United States broadcaster. \"Smallville\", which ended its tenth and final season on May 13, 2011, follows Clark Kent (Tom Welling) in the fictional town of Smallville, Kansas, before he becomes known as Superman. The first four seasons focus on Clark and his friends in high school. After season five \"Smallville\" ventures into adult settings, eventually focusing on his career at the \"Daily Planet\" and introducing other DC comic-book superheroes and villains. the series chronicles Lex Luthor's path to the dark side, and his metamorphosis from Clark's best friend to greatest enemy. Smallville depicts the relationship between Clark and his first love interest, Lana Lang, as well as his relationship with Lois Lane, the woman he ultimately marries in the comic books. The series also features recurring appearances from other DC Universe characters, such as Arthur Curry and John Jones.\nWith five months devoted to casting for the pilot, Gough and Miller cast ultimately hired eight actors to take on the role of series regulars for the first season. Since then, only two characters from the first season have remained regulars through to the tenth season, with eight new actors taking on lead roles from seasons two through nine. Four of those new actors began as recurring guests in their first seasonal appearance, but were given top billing the following season. As the series progresses, recurring guests appear at various times to help move the overall storyline of the show or just provide a side-story arc for one of the main characters, such as Brainiac or Adam Knight. Other recurring guests appear as background characters, showing up for only a few scenes, which includes characters like Sheriff Nancy Adams or Dr. Virgil Swann.\n\n\n== Main characters ==\nAccording to co-creator Miles Millar, \"unlike most shows, which pick up in January and you've got four weeks [...] to do your casting\", Millar and co-creator Al Gough had five months to cast their lead characters. In October 2000, the two producers began their search for the three lead roles, and had casting directors in ten different cities. The following is a list of all the characters that are, or at one time were, a main character in the show. During its first season, Smallville had eight regular characters. Six characters from the original cast left the show, with eight new characters coming in over the course of nine seasons.\nThe following is a list of series regulars who appear in one or more of the series' ten seasons. The characters are listed in the order they were first credited in the series.\n\n = Main cast (credited) \n = Recurring cast", "is_supporting": true } ]	Whose creation features the character known as Cosmic Boy?	[ { "id": 149862, "question": "The appearance of Cosmic Boy is seen in what work?", "answer": "Smallville", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 108549, "question": "Who is #1 by?", "answer": "Alfred Gough", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]	Alfred Gough	[ "Miles Millar" ]	true	Who created the work that features the appearance of Cosmic Boy?
3hop1__765565_326948_10972	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Mother-in-Law Lounge", "paragraph_text": " operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of Hurricane Katrina. Mother-in-Law Lounge was owned and operated by K-Doe's widow and musician, Antoinette K-Doe, before she died during Mardi Gras 2009. \nIn 2011, local musician Kermit Ruffins agreed to lease the site, and it reopened on January 20, 2014.\nRuffins is now running the establishment as Kermit's Mother-In-Law Lounge.\n\n\n== References ==The Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.\nThe lounge was originally opened by Ernie K-Doe in 1994, and it has become a historical icon in the local community. It was flooded with five and a half feet of water during Hurricane Katrina in 2005. With the help of the Hands on Network and Chet Haines, the lounge reopened its doors on 29 August 2006, on the first anniversary of HurricaneThe Mother-in-Law Lounge is a live music venue, pub and a shrine in New Orleans, Louisiana dedicated to the memory of rhythm and blues singer, Ernie K-Doe. It is at the downtown river corner of Claiborne Avenue and Columbus Street in the 7th Ward of New Orleans. The exterior of the building is decorated with colorful murals depicting K-Doe and other prominent figures in New Orleans music, especially people who collaborated with K-Doe.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Here Come the Girls (song)", "paragraph_text": "\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1970. It failed to chart at that time.\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which was used in the Boots advertisements.\nIn 2008 the Sugababes' version reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 12 in Ireland, and was certified silver by the BPI.\nIn 2017, Trombone Shorty covered the song.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Here Come the Girls\" at Discogs (list of releases)\nRelease; Soul Jazz Records\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 2007 the Boots pharmacy chain used the song for two separate television commercials (August 2007; summer 2008). This led to the song re-charting (at #43 for five weeks in the UK; and #48 in 2007 in Ireland and again at #89 for two weeks in 2008). It was this advertisement which the Sugababes heard and subsequently interpolated. After August 2008 it was the Sugababes cover which was used in the Boots advertisements.\nIn 2008 the Sugababes' version reached No. 3 in the UK and No. 12 in Ireland, and was certified silver by the BPI.\nIn 2017, Trombone Shorty covered the song.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\"Here Come the Girls\" at Discogs (list of releases)\nRelease; Soul Jazz Records\"Here Come the Girls\" is a song written by Allen Toussaint and originally recorded by Ernie K-Doe and released in 1971.\nIn 200", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": " It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black **\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, an African American. The ASA Style Guide says that the 'b' should not be capitalized. Some perceive the term 'black' as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result neither use nor define it, especially in African countries with little to no history of colonial racial segregation.\n\n\n== Africa ==\n\n\n=== Northern Africa ===\n\nNumerous communities of dark-skinned peoples are present in North Africa, some dating from prehistoric communities. Others descend from migrants via the historical trans-Saharan trade or, after the Arab invasions of North Africa in the 7th century, from slaves from the trans-Saharan slave trade in North Africa.\nIn the 18th century, the Moroccan Sultan Moulay Ismail \"the Warrior King\" (1672–1727) raised a corps of 150,000Though Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered \"black\" have dark skin; in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classificationThough Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005., regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"Black race\" as socially constructed. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified \"black\", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. In the United Kingdom, \"black\" was historically equivalent with \"person of color\", a general term for non-European peoples. While the term \"person of color\" is commonly used and accepted in the United States, the near-sounding term \"colored person\" is considered highly offensive, except in South Africa, where it is a descriptor for a person of mixed race. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the adjective \"black\" to the indigenous population. It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black **\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd,", "is_supporting": true } ]	When was the first African-American mayor elected in the hometown of the performer from Here Come the Girls?	[ { "id": 765565, "question": "Here Come the Girls >> performer", "answer": "Ernie K-Doe", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 326948, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "New Orleans", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 10972, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?", "answer": "1970s", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]	1970s	[]	true	When did the birthplace of the Here Come the Girls performer elect its first black mayor?
2hop__94629_1110	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "The Legend of Neil", "paragraph_text": ", receiving several million views. Its popularity led to Atom.com financing a web series based around the video.\nThe first season was released in 2008. According to Fox Business before the premiere of the second season, \"With nearly one million plays, the hit Web series by creator Sandeep Parikh built one of the Web's most enthusiastic fan bases in 2008.\" In the run-up to the August 2009 premiere of the second season, MTV2 planned to air the complete first season. The series was also nominated for multiple Streamys at the 1st Streamy Awards in 2009.\nSeason 3 began on July 25, 2010. Each episode of season 3 features a remix of the original theme song performedThe Legend of Neil is a comedy web series distributed by Comedy Central's partner Atom.com and is a parody of the Nintendo game \"The Legend of Zelda\". Sandeep Parikh of \"The Guild\" fame directs the series. Tony Janning writes for the series, and acts as the title character Neil. Felicia Day and Mike Rose, who have worked with Parikh on the set of \"The Guild\", appear as recurring characters.TheThe Legend of Neil is a comedy web series distributed by Comedy Central's partner Atom.com and is a parody of the Nintendo game \"The Legend of Zelda\". Sandeep Parikh of \"The Guild\" fame directs the series. Tony Janning writes for the series, and acts as the title character Neil. Felicia Day and Mike Rose, who have worked with Parikh on the set of \"The Guild\", appear as recurring characters., who is sucked into the world of The Legend of Zelda while playing the game. As he travels Hyrule he is mistaken for the hero of the game, Link. The series is \"full of self degrading, foul humor\", such as when Neil is being sucked into the game he is masturbating and strangled himself with his NES controller.\nThe series began as a four-minute YouTube video posted in 2007. The video went viral, receiving several million views. Its popularity led to Atom.com financing a web series based around the video.\nThe first season was released in 2008. According to Fox Business before the premiere of the second season, \"With nearly one million plays, the hit Web series by creator Sandeep Parikh built one of the Web's most enthusiastic fan bases in 2008.\" In the run-up to the August 2009 premiere of the second season, MTV2 planned to air the complete first season. The series was also nominated for multiple Streamys at the 1st Streamy Awards in 2009.\nSeason 3 began on July 25, 2010. Each episode of season 3 features a remix of the original theme song performedThe Legend of Neil is a comedy web series distributed by Comedy Central's partner Atom.com and is a parody of the Nintendo game \"The Legend of Zelda\". Sandeep Parikh of \"The Guild\" fame directs the series. Tony Janning writes for the series, and acts as the title character Neil. Felicia Day and Mike Rose, who have worked with Parikh on the set of \"The Guild\", appear as recurring characters.The Legend of Neil is a comedy web series distributed by Comedy Central's partner Atom.com and is a parody of the Nintendo game The Legend of Zelda. Sandeep Parikh of The Guild fame directs", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess", "paragraph_text": "venture game focused on combat, exploration, and puzzle-solving. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and he will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge. Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, and bombs. While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.\nThe context-sensitive button mechanic allows one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects. The on-screen display shows what action, if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situationThe Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: ��ルダの�� ト��イライトプリンセス, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released worldwide in December 2006.[b]The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: ゼルダの伝説トワイライトプリンセス, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released worldwide in December 2006.[b]na. The game takes place over a century after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, in an alternate timeline from The Wind Waker.\nTwilight Princess was critically acclaimed upon its release, received numerous game of the year awards, and has been called one of the greatest video games ever made. By 2015, it had sold 8.85 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling Zelda game until being overtaken by Breath of the Wild in April 2018. In 2011, the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label. A high-definition remaster based on the GameCube version, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, developed by Tantalus Media, was released for the Wii U in March 2016.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\n\nThe Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and puzzle-solving. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and he will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge. Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, and bombs. While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.\nThe context-sensitive button mechanic allows one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects. The on-screen display shows what action, if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situationThe Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess (Japanese: ��ルダの�� ト��イライトプリンセス, Hepburn: Zeruda no Densetsu: Towairaito Purinsesu?) is an action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii home video game consoles. It is the thirteenth installment in the The Legend of Zelda series. Originally planned for release on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was released alongside the console in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released worldwide in December 2006.[b]The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is a 2006 action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo for the GameCube and Wii. Originally planned for release exclusively on the GameCube in November 2005, Twilight Princess was delayed by Nintendo to allow its developers to refine the game, add more content, and port it to the Wii. The Wii version was a launch game in North America in November 2006, and in Japan, Europe, and Australia the following month. The GameCube version was released in December 2006 as the final first-party game for the console.\nThe story focuses on series protagonist Link, who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm. To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and he is assisted by a mysterious imp named Midna. The game takes place over a century after Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask, in an alternate timeline from The Wind Waker.\nTwilight Princess was critically acclaimed upon its release, received numerous game of the year awards, and has been called one of the greatest video games ever made. By 2015, it had sold 8.85 million copies worldwide, making it the best-selling Zelda game until being overtaken by Breath of the Wild in April 2018. In 2011, the Wii version was rereleased under the Nintendo Selects label. A high-definition remaster based on the GameCube version, The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess HD, developed by Tantalus Media, was released for the Wii U in March 2016.\n\n\n== Gameplay ==\n\nThe Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and puzzle-solving. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view focused on an enemy or important object while moving and attacking. Link can walk, run, and attack, and he will automatically jump when running off of or reaching for a ledge. Link uses a sword and shield in combat, complemented with secondary weapons and items, including a bow and arrows, a boomerang, and bombs. While L-targeting, projectile-based weapons can be fired at a target without the need for manual aiming.\nThe context-sensitive button mechanic allows one button to serve a variety of functions, such as talking, opening doors, and pushing, pulling, and throwing objects. The on-screen display shows what action, if any, the button will trigger, determined by the situation. For example, if Link is holding a rock, the context-sensitive button will cause Link to throw the rock if he is moving or targeting an object or enemy or place the rock on the ground if he is standing still.\nThe GameCube and Wii versions feature several minor differences in their controls and gameplay. The Wii version of the game makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote. The speaker emits the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow, Midna's laugh when she gives advice to Link, and the series' trademark \"chime\" when", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the intended launch year for Twilight Princess, the game that inspired The Legend of Neil series?	[ { "id": 94629, "question": "Which is the basis of The Legend of Neil?", "answer": "The Legend of Zelda", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 1110, "question": "What year was #1 :Twilight Princess originally planned for release?", "answer": "2005", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	2005	[]	true	In what year was Twilight Princess from the game series on which The Legend of Neil was based originally planned for release?
4hop3__524186_219173_548463_72134	[ { "idx": 8, "title": "The Poor Boob", "paragraph_text": " and gets fired. Henry Platt's (Roberts) stenographer, Hope (Hawley), who has become fond of Simp, concocts a scheme to reestablish Simp by his posing as a millionaire in a nearby town with her as his secretary and Jimmy Borden (Rosson), the office boy, as his valet. Simp decides to go Hightower, his hometown. The town makes great preparations for the return of its successful son, and Simp arrives and is greeted by its prominent citizens. With his luck turning, he closes a contract for Platt, his old employer, with a commission of $5,000. Douglas, who let the canning factory go to pieces, is willing to sell out for that amount. Simp buys the place and is immediately approached by Platt, who has received word that his factory has burned down. Since he cannot fulfill the contract, Platt demands return of the $5,000. But Simp takes over the contract, borrows some money from the town banker, and is well on the way to his fortune. As his boyhood sweetheart Tiny now weights two hundred pounds, his youthful illusion has faded and he begins to look to Hope with the eyes of love.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nBryant Washburn as Simpson Hightower\nWanda Hawley as Hope 'Pep' Sparks\nRichard Rosson as Jimmy Borden\nTheodore Roberts as Henry Platt\nRaymond Hatton as Stephen Douglas\nJay Dwiggins as Benton\nCharles Ogle as Tucker\nJane Wolfe as Mrs. Benton\nMary Thurman as Tiny Parcel\nGuy Oliver as Hallock\nClarence Geldart as Mr. Swanson\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nThe Poor Boob at IMDb\nsynopsis at AllMovieThe Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and produced by Paramount Pictures. It starred Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nAs described in a film magazine, Simpson Hightower (Washburn), known as Simp, leaves his hometown as a failure. He has been cheated out of the local canning factory, which had been in the family for two generations, by Stephen Douglas (Hatton). Douglas also won Tiny (Thurman), the girl of Simp's dreams. Simp goes to New York and works at Platt's Provision Factory, and holds the job for a considerable time until he makes a bonehead mistake and gets fired. Henry Platt's (Roberts) stenographer, Hope (HThe Poor Boob is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Donald Crisp and written by Margaret Mayo, Z. Wall Covington and Gardner Hunting. The film stars Bryant Washburn, Wanda Hawley, Richard Rosson, Theodore Roberts, Raymond Hatton, and Jay Dwiggins. The film was released on March 9, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Superior Drill Company", "paragraph_text": "Superior Drilling Company was a manufacturer of farming implements that formed in the late 1800' to 1903 in Springfield, Ohio, United States.Superior Drilling Company was a manufacturer of farming implements that formed in the late 1800' to 1903 in Springfield, Ohio, United States.Superior Drilling Company was a manufacturer", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Springfield, Illinois", "paragraph_text": " of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).Springfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Margaret Mayo (playwright)", "paragraph_text": "Margaret Mayo, born Lillian Elizabeth Slatten (November 19, 1882 in Brownsville, Illinois – February 25, 1951), was an American actress, playwright and screenwriter.Margaret Mayo, born Lillian Elizabeth Slatten (November 19, 1882 in Brownsville, Illinois – February 25, 1951), was an American actress, playwright and screenwriter.Margaret Mayo, born Lillian Elizabeth Slatten, was an American actress, playwright, and screenwriter.\n\n\n== Life and career ==\nShe was raised on a farm near Brownsville, Illinois. Later, she was educated at the Girl’s College in Fox Lake, Wisconsin; the Convent of the Sacred Heart in Salem, Oregon; and at Stanford University. In her teen years, she traveled to New York City to pursue an acting career. She won a small part in a play named Thoroughbred at the Garrick Theatre. \nShe met her future husband, fellow actor Edgar Selwyn, in 1896. The same year, she began her writing career. She and Selwyn married in 1901.\nShe worked as many things: adapter, actress, film company founding partner, playwright, and a writer. Until about 1917, Mayo averaged about a play per year. Her earliest successes were adaptations of novels: The Marriage of William Ashe (1905) and The Jungle (1907). However, Mayo is best remembered as the author of more original plays such as Polly of the Circus (1907), Baby Mine (1910), Twin Beds (1914), and Seeing Things (1920), written with Aubrey Kennedy. Her work utilized parody and satire to talk about social issues.\nShe adapted several of her plays for the silent screen. Her play Polly of the Circus became the first film produced in 1917 by the Goldwyn Company, of which she was a founding member. After a year as head of the scenario department, she left to go overseas and entertain the troops.\nIn 1919, Mayo and Selwyn got divorced. Afterward, Mayo changed her name to Elizabeth Mayo and moved to New York to live with her mother. In 1926, she signed the Agreement of American Dramatists, a document that led to the foundation of the Dramatists Guild. She also began selling real estate.\nAs she got older, she began to write about the spiritual world. Mayo was instrumental in making housing arrangements for Indian spiritual teacher Meher Baba at Harmon, near New York City, during his first visit to America in 1931. She owned and provided", "is_supporting": true } ]	When was the city that hosts the Superior Drill Company declared as the state capital where the writer of 'The Poor Boob' was born?	[ { "id": 524186, "question": "The Poor Boob >> screenwriter", "answer": "Margaret Mayo", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 219173, "question": "#1 >> place of birth", "answer": "Illinois", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 }, { "id": 548463, "question": "Superior Drill Company >> headquarters location", "answer": "Springfield", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 72134, "question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2", "answer": "1839", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 } ]	1839	[]	true	When did the city where Superior Drill Company is located become capitol of the state where the screenwriter of The Poor Boob was born?
3hop2__127483_19639_10557	[ { "idx": 0, "title": "Middle Ages", "paragraph_text": "Charlemagne's court in Aachen was the centre of the cultural revival sometimes referred to as the \"Carolingian Renaissance\". Literacy increased, as did development in the arts, architecture and jurisprudence, as well as liturgical and scriptural studies. The English monk Alcuin (d. 804) was invited to Aachen and brought the education available in the monasteries of Northumbria. Charlemagne's chancery—or writing office—made use of a new script today known as Carolingian minuscule,[M] allowing a common writing style that advanced communication across much of Europe. Charlemagne sponsored changes in church liturgy, imposing the Roman form of church service on his domains, as well as the Gregorian chant in liturgical music for the churches. An important activity for scholars during this period was the copying, correcting, and dissemination of basic works on religious and secular topics, with the aim of encouraging learning. New works on religious topics and schoolbooks were also produced. Grammarians of the period modified the Latin language, changing it from the Classical Latin of the Roman Empire into a more flexible form to fit the needs of the church and government. By the reign of Charlemagne, the language had so diverged from the classical that it was later called Medieval Latin. the mass migration of tribes (mainly Germanic peoples), and Christianisation, which had begun in late antiquity, continued into the Early Middle Ages. The movement of peoples led to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new kingdoms. In the post-Roman world, taxation declined, the army was financed through land grants, and the blending of Later Roman civilisation and the invaders' traditions is well documented. The Eastern Roman Empire (or Byzantine Empire) survived, but lost the Middle East and North Africa to Muslim conquerors in the 7th century. Although the Carolingian dynasty of the Franks reunited many of the Western Roman lands by the early 9th century, the Carolingian Empire quickly fell apart into competing kingdoms which later fragmented into autonomous duchies and lordships.\nDuring the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as the Medieval Warm Period allowed crop yields to increase, and technological and agricultural innovations introduced a \"commercial revolution\". Slavery nearly disappeared, and peasants could improve their status by colonising faraway regions in return for economic and legal concessions. New towns developed from local commercial centers, and urban artisans united into local guilds to protect their common interests. Western church leaders accepted papal supremacy to get rid of lay influence, which accelerated the separation of the western Catholic and eastern Orthodox Churches and triggered the Investiture Controversy between the papacy and secular powers. With the spread of heavy cavalry, a new aristocracy stabilised their position through strict inheritance customs. In the system of feudalism, noble knights owed military service to their lords in return for the lands they had received in fief. Stone castles were built in regions where central authority was weak, but state power was on the rise by the end of the period. The settlement of Western European peasants and aristocrats towards the eastern and southern peripheries of Europe, often spurred by crusades, led to the expansion of Latin Christendom. The spread of cathedral schools and universities stimulated a new method of intellectual discussion, with an emphasis on rational", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Auctor", "paragraph_text": " a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious \"power of command\" of heroic Roman figures.\nNoble women could also achieve a degree of auctoritas. For example, the wives, sisters, and mothers of the Julio-Claudians had immense influence on society, the masses, and the political apparatus. Their auctoritas was exercised less overtly than that of their male counterparts due to Roman societal norms, but they were powerful nonetheless.\n\n\n== Etymology and origin ==\nAccording to linguist Emile Benveniste, auctor (which also gives us English \"author\") is derived from Latin augeō (\"to augment\", \"to enlarge\", \"to enrich\"). The auctor is \"is qui auget\", the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another. Arguably, Benveniste defended that Latin \"auctoritas\" was based on a divine conception of power and not on the individual that happened to the position of authority.\nAuctor in the sense of \"author\", comes from auctor as founder or, one might say, \"planter-cultivator\". Similarly, auctoritas refers to rightful ownership, based on one's having \"produced\" or homesteaded the article of property in question – more in the sense of \"sponsored\" or \"acquired\" than \"manufactured\". This auctoritas would, for example, persist through an usucapio of ill-gotten or abandoned property.\n\n\n== Political meaning in ancient Rome ==\nPolitically, the Roman Senate's authority (auctoritas patrum) was connected to auctoritas—not to be confused with potestas or imperium, which were held by the magistrates or the people. In this context, auctoritas could be defined as the juridical power to authorize some other act.\nThe 19th-century classicist Theodor Mommsen describes the \"force\" of auctoritas as \"more than advice and less than command, an advice which one may not ignore.\" Cicero says of power and authority, \"Cum potestas in popAuctor is Latin for author or originator. The term is used in Scholasticism for a \"renowned scholar\", and in biological taxonomy for the scientist describing a species or other taxon. The term is widely replaced by author in English-language works..\nIn ancient Rome, auctoritas referred to the level of prestige a person had in Roman society, and, as a consequence, his standing, influence, and ability to rally support around his will. Auctoritas was not merely political, however; it had a numinous content and symbolized the mysterious \"power of command\" of heroic Roman figures.\nNoble women could also achieve a degree of auctoritas. For example, the wives, sisters, and mothers of the Julio-Claudians had immense influence on society, the masses, and the political apparatus. Their auctoritas was exercised less overtly than that of their male counterparts due to Roman societal norms, but they were powerful nonetheless.\n\n\n== Etymology and origin ==\nAccording to linguist Emile Benveniste, auctor (which also gives us English \"author\") is derived from Latin augeō (\"to augment\", \"to enlarge\", \"to enrich\"). The auctor is \"is qui auget\", the one who augments the act or the juridical situation of another. Arguably, Benveniste defended that Latin \"auctoritas\" was based on a divine conception of power and not on the individual that happened to the position of authority.\nAuctor in the sense of \"author\", comes from auctor as founder or, one might say, \"planter-cultivator\". Similarly, auctoritas refers to rightful ownership, based on one's having \"produced\" or homesteaded the article of property in question – more in the sense of \"sponsored\" or \"acquired\" than \"manufactured\". This auctoritas would, for example, persist through an usucapio of ill-gotten or abandoned property.\n\n\n== Political meaning in ancient Rome ==\nPolitically, the Roman Senate's authority (auctoritas patrum) was connected to auctoritas—not to be confused with potestas or imperium, which were held by the magistrates or the people. In this context, auctoritas could be defined as the juridical power to authorize some other act.\nThe 19th-century classicist Theodor Mommsen describes the \"force\" of auctoritas as \"more than advice and less than command, an advice which one may not ignore.\" Cicero says of power and authority, \"Cum potestas in populo auctoritas in senatu sit.\" (\"While power resides in the people, authority rests with the Senate.\")\nIn the private domain, those under tutelage (guardianship), such as women and minors, were similarly obliged to seek the sanction of their tutors (\"protectors\") for certain actions. Thus, auctoritas characterizes the auctor: The pater familias authorizes—that is, validates and legitimates—his son's wedding in prostate. In this way, auctoritas might function as a kind of \"passive counsel\", much", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "Germans", "paragraph_text": " in many Germans becoming ethnic minorities in newly established countries. In the chaotic years that followed, Adolf Hitler became the dictator of Nazi Germany and embarked on a genocidal campaign to unify all Germans under his leadership. His Nazi movement defined Germans in a very broad way which included Austrians, Luxembourgers, eastern Belgians, and so-called Volksdeutsche, which were ethnic Germans elsewhere in Europe and globally. However, this Nazi conception expressly excluded German citizens of Jewish or Roma background. Nazi policies of military aggression and its persecution of those deemed non-Germans in the Holocaust led to World War II in which the Nazi regime was defeated by allied powers, led by the United States, the United Kingdom, and the former Soviet Union. In the aftermath of Germany's defeat in the war, the country was occupied and once again partitioned. Millions of Germans were expelled from Central and Eastern Europe. In 1990, West Germany and East Germany were reunified. In modern times, remembrance of the Holocaust, known as Erinnerungskultur (\"culture of remembrance\"), has become an integral part of German identity.\nOwing to their long history of political fragmentation, Germans are culturally diverse and often have strong regional identities. Arts and sciences are an integral part of German culture, and the Germans have been represented by many prominent personalities in a significant number of disciplines, including Nobel prize laureates where Germany is ranked third among countries of the world in the number of total recipients.\n\n\n== Names ==\n\nThe English term Germans is derived from the ethnonym Germani, which was used for Germanic peoples in ancient times. Since the early modern period, it has been the most common name for the Germans in English. The term Germans may also be applied to any citizens, natives or inhabitants of Germany, regardless of whether they are considered to have German ethnicity.\nIn some contexts, people of German descent are also called Germans. In historical discussions the term \"Germans\" is also occasionally used as a way to refer to members of the Germanic peoples during theThe migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacThe migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a \"German\" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire. power and population of this empire grew considerably. It expanded eastwards, and eventually a substantial number of Germans migrated further eastwards into Eastern Europe. The empire itself was politically divided between many small princedoms, cities and bishoprics. Following the Reformation in the 16th century, many of these states found themselves in bitter conflict concerning the rise of Protestantism. \nIn the 19th century, the Holy Roman Empire dissolved, and German nationalism began to grow. The Kingdom of Prussia incorporated most Germans into its German Empire in 1871, and a substantial additional number of Germans were in the multiethnic kingdom of Austria-Hungary. During this time, a large number of Germans emigrated to the New World, particularly to the United States, especially to present-day Pennsylvania. Large numbers also emigrated to Canada and Brazil, and they established sizable communities in New Zealand and Australia. The Russian Empire also included a substantial German population.\nFollowing the end of World War I, Austria-Hungary and the German Empire were partitioned, resulting in many Germans becoming ethnic minorities in newly established countries. In the chaotic years that followed, Adolf Hitler became the", "is_supporting": true } ]	From which language does the term 'Auctor' originate, in the period of the monarch responsible for the unification of the tribes in the 9th century as subsequently identified?	[ { "id": 127483, "question": "In what language is Auctor?", "answer": "Latin", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 19639, "question": "What king united the tribes in the 9th century?", "answer": "Charlemagne", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 10557, "question": "What was the #1 of #2 's era later known as?", "answer": "Medieval Latin", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 } ]	Medieval Latin	[]	true	What was the language Auctor comes from during the era of the king who united the tribes in the 9th century later known as?
3hop1__28404_160713_77246	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Hindus", "paragraph_text": " used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States, Malaysia, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. These together accounted for 99% of the world's Hindu population, and the remaining nations of the world combined had about 6 million Hindus as of 201The word Hindu is derived from the Indo - Aryan and Sanskrit word Sindhu, which means ``a large body of water '', covering`` river, ocean''. It was used as the name of the Indus river and also referred to its tributaries. The actual term 'hindu' first occurs, states Gavin Flood, as ``a Persian geographical term for the people who lived beyond the river Indus (Sanskrit: Sindhu) '', more specifically in the 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I. The Punjab region, called Sapta Sindhava in the Vedas, is called Hapta Hindu in Zend Avesta. The 6th - century BCE inscription of Darius I mentions the province of Hi (n) dush, referring to northwestern India. The people of India were referred to as Hinduvān (Hindus) and hindavī was used as the adjective for Indian in the 8th century text Chachnama. The term 'Hindu' in these ancient records is an ethno - geographical term and did not refer to a religion. The Arabic equivalent Al - Hind likewise referred to the country of India. around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) River. By the 16th century CE, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims. Since ancient times, Hindu has been used to refer to people inhibiting region beyond the Sindhu river, therefore some assumptions that medieval Persian authors considered Hindu as derogatory is not accepted by practicing Hindus themselves as those references are much later to references used in pre-Islamic Persian sources, early Arab and Indian sources, all of them had positive connotation only as they either referred to region or followers of Hinduism.\nThe historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local Indian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear. Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it may have developed post-8th century CE after the Muslim invasions and medieval Hindu–Muslim wars. A sense of Hindu identity and the term Hindu appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and Bengali. The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir, Tulsidas and Eknath used the phrase Hindu dharma (Hinduism) and contrasted it with Turaka dharma (Islam). The Christian friar Sebastiao Manrique used the term 'Hindu' in a religious context in 1649. In the 18th century, European merchants and colonists began to refer to the followers of Indian religions collectively as Hindus, in contrast to Mohamedans for groups such as Turks, Mughals and Arabs, who were adherents of Islam. By the mid-19th century, colonial orientalist texts further distinguished Hindus from Buddhists, Sikhs and Jains, but the colonial laws continued to consider all of them to be within the scope of the term Hindu until about mid-20th century. Scholars state that the custom of distinguishing between Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs is a modern phenomenon.\nAt approximately 1.2 billion, Hindus are the world's third-largest religious group after Christians and Muslims. The vast majority of Hindus, approximately 966 million (94.3% of the global Hindu population), live in India, according to the 2011 Indian census. After India, the next nine countries with the largest Hindu populations are, in decreasing order: Nepal, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the United States", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "Partition of India", "paragraph_text": " thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas.Opposition to the Partition of India was widespread in British India in the 20th century and it continues to remain a talking point in South Asian politics. Those who opposed it often adhered to the doctrine of composite nationalism in the Indian subcontinent. The Hindu, Christian, Anglo-Indian, Parsi and Sikh communities were largely opposed to the Partition of India (and its underlying two-nation theory), as were many Muslims (these were represented by the All India Azad Muslim Conference).\nPashtun politician and Indian independence activist Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of the Khudai Khidmatgar viewed the proposal to partition India as un-Islamic and contradicting a common history in which Muslims considered India as their homeland for over a millennium. Mahatma Gandhi opined that \"Hindus and Muslims were sons ofAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report prepared under the chairmanship of a London barrister, Sir Cyril Radcliffe. Pakistan came into being with two non-contiguous enclaves, East Pakistan (today Bangladesh) and West Pakistan, separated geographically by India. India was formed out of the majority Hindu regions of British India, and Pakistan from the majority Muslim areas. the rulers of independent Pakistan in helping the Muslim minorities living in Hindu-majority areas.\" Deobandis pointed to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which was made between the Muslims and Qureysh of Mecca, that \"promoted mutual interaction between the two communities thus allowing more opportunities for Muslims to preach their religion to Qureysh through peaceful tabligh.\" Deobandi Sunni scholar Sayyid Husain Ahmad Madani argued for a united India in his book Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam (Composite Nationalism and Islam), promulgating the idea that different religions do not constitute different nationalities and that the proposition for a partition of India was not justifiable, religiously.\nKhaksar Movement leader Allama Mashriqi opposed the partition of India because he felt that if Muslims and Hindus had largely lived peacefully together in India for centuries, they could also do so in a free and united India. He reasoned that a division of India along religious lines would breed fundamentalism and extremism on both sides of the border. Mashriqi thought that \"Muslim majority areas were already under Muslim rule, so if any Muslims wanted to move to these areas, they were free to do so without having to divide the country.\" To him, separatist leaders \"were power hungry and misleading Muslims in order to bolster their own power by serving the British agenda.\" All of Hindustan, according to Mashriqi, belonged to Indian Muslims.\n\nIn 1941, a CID report states that thousands of Muslim weavers under the banner of Momin Conference and coming from Bihar and Eastern U.P. descended in Delhi demonstrating against the proposed two-nAbul Kalam Azad expressed concern over the likelihood of violent riots, to which Mountbatten replied:At least on this question I shall give you complete assurance. I shall see to it that there is no bloodshed and riot. I am a soldier and not a civilian. Once the partition is accepted in principle, I shall issue orders to see that there are no communal disturbances anywhere in the country. If there should be the slightest agitation, I shall adopt the sternest measures to nip the trouble in the bud. Jagmohan has stated that this and what followed shows the \"glaring\" \"failure of the government machinery\".On 3 June 1947, the partition plan was accepted by the Congress Working Committee. Boloji states that in Punjab there were no riots but there was communal tension, while Gandhi was reportedly isolated by Nehru and Patel and observed maun vrat (day of silence). Mountbatten visited Gandhi and said he hoped that he would not oppose the partition, to which Gandhi wrote the reply: \"Have I ever opposed you?\"Within British India, the border between India and Pakistan (the Radcliffe Line) was determined by a British Government-commissioned report", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "War on Terror", "paragraph_text": " days later in a formal speech to Congress. Bush indicated the enemy of the war on terror as \"a radical network of terrorists and every government that supports them.\" The initial conflict was aimed at al-Qaeda, with the main theater in Afghanistan and Pakistan, a region that would later be referred to as \"AfPak.\" The term \"war on terror\" was immediately criticized by individuals including Richard Myers, then chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and eventually more nuanced terms came to be used by the Bush administration to define the campaign. While \"war on terror\" was never used as a formal designation of U.S. operations, a Global War on Terrorism Service Medal was and is issued by the U.S. Armed Forces. However, the American military ceased issuing its National Defense Service Medal on 31 December 2022.\nAs of 2023, various global operations in the campaign are ongoing, including a U.S. military intervention in Somalia. Although the major wars in Afghanistan and Iraq have ended, Israel's October 7 attack, the ongoing Israel-Hamas war, the ongoing Red Sea crisis and Iran's growing status as a state sponsor of terrorism have led to renewed questions about a new chapter of the war on terror. Some have commented that these wars have reignited the rhetoric of the war on terror in a way not seen since the 2000s.\nAccording to the Costs of War Project, the post-9/11 wars of the campaign have displaced 38 million people, the second largest number of forced displacements of any conflict since 1900, and caused more than 4.5 million deaths (direct and indirect) in Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Philippines, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria and Yemen. They also estimate that it has cost the US Treasury over $8 trillion.\nWhile support for the \"war on terror\" was high among the American public during its initial years, it had become deeply unpopular by the late 2000s. Controversy over the war has focused on its morality, casualties, and continuity, with critics questioning government measures that infringed civil liberties and human rights. Critics have notably described the Patriot Act as \"Orwellian\" due to its substantial expansion of the federal government's surveillance powers. Controversial practices of coalition forces have been condemned, including drone warfare, surveillance, torture, extraordinary rendition and various war crimes. The participating governments have been criticized for implementing authoritarian measures, repressing minorities, fomenting Islamophobia globally, and causing negative impacts to health and environment. Security analysts assert that there is no military solution to the conflict, pointing out that terrorism is not an identifiable enemy, and have emphasized the importance of negotiations and political solutions to resolve the underlying roots of the crises. \n\n\n== Etymology ==\nThe phrase war on terror was used to refer specifically to the military campaign led by the United States, the United KingdomSupport for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the \"coalition of the willing\" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the War in North-West Pakistan (Waziristan War). Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.", "is_supporting": true } ]	What does the term, derived from a prevalent faith established in what now constitutes India, signify in the Arabic dictionary when the nation that renounced the Taliban was established?	[ { "id": 28404, "question": "Which country disavowed the Taliban?", "answer": "Pakistan", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 160713, "question": "What was the majority religion in the area of British India that become India when #1 was created?", "answer": "Hindu", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 77246, "question": "what is the meaning of #2 in arabic dictionary", "answer": "the country of India", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	the country of India	[ "IND", "IN", "India", "in", "Republic of India" ]	true	What is the meaning of the word that is also a majority religion in what became India when the country that disavowed the Taliban was created in the Arabic dictionary?
4hop3__771862_466199_695123_72134	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Springfield, Illinois", "paragraph_text": " of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).Springfield is the capital city of the U.S. state of Illinois and the seat of Sangamon County. The city's population was 114,394 at the 2020 census, which makes it the state's seventh-most populous city, the second-mostSpringfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was largely due to the efforts of Abraham Lincoln and his associates; nicknamed the ``Long Nine ''for their combined height of 54 feet (16 m).–council form of government and governs the Capital Township. Public schools in Springfield are operated by District No. 186.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Pre-Civil War ===\nSettlersSpringfield's original name was Calhoun, after Senator John C. Calhoun of South Carolina. The land that Springfield now occupies was originally settled by trappers and traders who came to the Sangamon River in 1818. The settlement's first cabin was built in 1820, by John Kelly. It was located at what is now the northwest corner of Second Street and Jefferson Street. In 1821, Calhoun became the county seat of Sangamon County due to fertile soil and trading opportunities. Settlers from Kentucky, Virginia, and as far as North Carolina came to the city. By 1832, Senator Calhoun had fallen out of the favor with the public and the town renamed itself Springfield after Springfield, Massachusetts. At that time, Springfield, Massachusetts was comparable to modern - day Silicon Valley -- known for industrial innovation, concentrated prosperity, and the celebrated Springfield Armory. Most importantly, it was a city that had built itself up from frontier outpost to national power through ingenuity -- an example that the newly named Springfield, Illinois, sought to emulate. Kaskaskia was the first capital of the Illinois Territory from its organization in 1809, continuing through statehood in 1818, and through the first year as a state in 1819. Vandalia was the second state capital of Illinois from 1819 to 1839. Springfield became the third and current capital of Illinois in 1839. The designation was", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 9, "title": "Jackson Township, Randolph County, Indiana", "paragraph_text": " area of 30.41 square miles (78.8 km2), of which 30.36 square miles (78.6 km2) (or 99.84%) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16 km2) (or 0.20%) is water.\n\n\n=== Unincorporated towns ===\nNew Lisbon at 40.2436572°N 84.8244072°W / 40.2436572; -84.8244072\nNew Pittsburg at 40.3075453°N 84.8991318°W / 40.3075453; -84.8991318\n(This list is based on USGS data and may include former settlements.)\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nIndiana Township Association\nUnited Township Association of IndianaJackson Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 558 (down from 619 at 2010) and it contained 246 housing units.\n\n\n== History ==\nJackson Township was established in 1833.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of 30.41 square miles (78.8 km2), of which 30.36 square miles (78.6 km2) (or 99.84%) is land and 0.06 square miles (0.16Jackson Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 619 and it contained 250 housing units.JJackson Township is one of eleven townships in Randolph County, Indiana, United States. As of the 2010 census, its population was 619 and it contained 250 housing units.0) and it contained 246 housing units.\n\n\n== History ==\nJackson Township was established in ", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "WIZE", "paragraph_text": " AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMediaWIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM 1340 — is a commercial radio station in Springfield, Ohio owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. as part of their Dayton cluster. The station's main format is classic country targeted towards Springfield, and their transmitter - and former studios - are also located in Springfield. (1913–1992), American saleswoman who developed \"party plan\" marketing\nChristopher Wise (born 1961), American author\nCody Wise, American singer\nDaniel Wise (disambiguation), several people, including\nDaniel Wise (American football)WIZE (1340 AM) — branded WIZE AM ", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Randolph County, Illinois", "paragraph_text": " first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County.Owing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital. Chester.\nOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of Virginia. George Rogers Clark of the army of Virginia captured the area from the British on July 4, 1778, near the end of the Revolutionary War. The area then became the seat, for several years, of Illinois County, Virginia, although the Congress of the Confederation legislated the existence of the Northwest Territory on July 13, 1787. Edmund Randolph was Governor of Virginia at the time Virginia ceded the Northwest Territory to the United States. In 1809, when Illinois became a separate territory, Territorial Secretary Nathaniel Pope, in his capacity as acting governor, issued a proclamation establishing Randolph as one of the Illinois' two original counties. The county's boundaries were last changed in 1827, when land was taken to form Perry County.\nThe Mississippi River has played a prominent role in the county's history, altering its boundaries in 1881 when it severedOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.Randolph County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 census, it had a population of 30,163. Its county seat is Chester.\nOwing to its role in the state's history, the county motto is \"Where Illinois Began.\" It contains the historically important village of Kaskaskia, Illinois's first capital.\nThe county is part of Southern Illinois in the southern portion of the state known locally as \"Little Egypt\", and includes fertile river flats, part of the American Bottom; it is near the Greater St. Louis area.\n\n\n== History ==\nRandolph County was organized in 1795 out of a part of St. Clair County. It was named in honor of Edmund Randolph, Governor of", "is_supporting": true } ]	When was the town in which WIZE has its licensing granted, named the capital of the state that includes Jackson Township?	[ { "id": 771862, "question": "Jackson Township >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Randolph County", "paragraph_support_idx": 9 }, { "id": 466199, "question": "#1 >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Illinois", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 695123, "question": "WIZE >> licensed to broadcast to", "answer": "Springfield", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 }, { "id": 72134, "question": "when did #3 become the capital of #2", "answer": "1839", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	1839	[]	true	When did the town WIZE is licensed in become capitol of the state where Jackson Township is located?
2hop__41158_35123	[ { "idx": 3, "title": "Muslim world", "paragraph_text": " terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah. This consists of all those who adhere to the religious beliefs, politics, and laws of Islam or to societies in which Islam is practiced. In a modern geopolitical sense, these terms refer to countries in which Islam is widespread, although there are no agreed criteria for inclusion. The term Muslim-majority countries is an alternative often used for the latter sense.\nThe history of the Muslim world spans about 1,400 years and includes a variety of socio-political developments, as well as advances in the arts, science, medicine, philosophy, law, economics and technology during the Islamic Golden Age. Muslims look for guidance to the Quran and believe in the prophetic mission of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but disagreements on other matters have led to the appearance of different religious schools of thought and sects within Islam. The Islamic conquests, which culminated in the Caliphate being established across three continents (Asia, Africa, and Europe), enriched the Muslim world, achieving the economic preconditions for the emergence of this institution owing to the emphasis attached to Islamic teachings. In the modern era, most of the Muslim world came under European colonial domination. The nation states that emerged in the post-colonial era have adopted a variety of political and economic models, and they have been affected by secular as well as religious trends.\nAs of 2013, the combined GDP (nominal) of 60 Muslim majority countries was US$5.7 trillion. As of 2016, they contributed 8% of the world's total. In 2020, the Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation which consists of 57 member states had a combined GDP(PPP) of US$ 24 trillion which is equal to about 18%One of the common definitions for \"Islamic philosophy\" is \"the style of philosophy produced within the framework of Islamic culture.\" Islamic philosophy, in this definition is neither necessarily concerned with religious issues, nor is exclusively produced by Muslims. The Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980–1037) had more than 450 books attributed to him. His writings were concerned with various subjects, most notably philosophy and medicine. His medical textbook The Canon of Medicine was used as the standard text in European universities for centuries. He also wrote The Book of Healing, an influential scientific and philosophical encyclopedia.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Geology", "paragraph_text": "Some modern scholars, such as Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end. Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was one of the earliest Persian geologists, whose works included the earliest writings on the geology of India, hypothesizing that the Indian subcontinent was once a sea. Drawing from Greek and Indian scientific literature that were not destroyed by the Muslim conquests, the Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 981–1037) proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes, and other topics central to modern geology, which provided an essential foundation for the later development of the science. In China, the polymath Shen Kuo (1031–1095) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation: based on his observation of fossil animal shells in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt. past climates.\nGeologists broadly study the properties and processes of Earth and other terrestrial planets. Geologists use a wide variety of methods to understand the Earth's structure and evolution, including fieldwork, rock description, geophysical techniques, chemical analysis, physical experiments, and numerical modelling. In practical terms, geology is important for mineral and hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation, evaluating water resources, understanding natural hazards, remediating environmental problems, and providing insights into past climate change. Geology is a major academic discipline, and it is central to geological engineering and plays an important role in geotechnical engineering.\n\n\n== Geological material ==\n\nThe majority of geological data comes from research on solid Earth materials. Meteorites and other extraterrestrial natural materials are also studied by geological methods.\n\n\n=== Mineral ===\n\nMinerals are naturally occurring elements and compounds with a definite homogeneous chemical composition and an ordered atomic arrangement.\nEach mineral has distinct physical properties, and there are many tests to determine each of them. Minerals are often identified through these tests. The specimens can be tested for:\n\nColor: Minerals are grouped by their color. Mostly diagnostic but impurities can change a mineral's color.\nStreak: Performed by scratching the sample on a porcelain plate. The color of the streak can help identify the mineral.\nHardness: The resistance of a mineral to scratching or indentation.\nBreakage pattern: A mineral can either show fracture or cleavage, the former being breakage of uneven surfaces, and the latter a breakage along closely spaced parallel planes.\nLuster: Quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral. Examples are metallic, pearly, waxy, dull.\nSpecific gravity: the weight of a specific volume of a mineral.\nEffervescence: Involves dripping hydrochloric acid on the mineral to test for fizzing.\nMagnetism: Involves using a magnet to test for magnetism.\nTaste: Minerals can have a distinctive taste such as halite (which tastes like table salt).\n\n\n=== Rock ===\n\nA rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloids. Most research in geology is associated with the study of rocks, as they provide the primary record of the majority of the geological history of the Earth. There are three major types of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. The rock cycle\nillustrates the relationships among them (see diagram).\nWhen a rock solidifies or crystallizes from melt (magma or lava), it is an igneous rock. This rock can be weathered and eroded, then redeposited and lithified into a sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are mainly divided into four categories: sandstone, shale, carbonate, and evaporite. This group of classifications focuses partly on the size of sedimentary particles (sandstone and shale), and partly on mineralogy and formation processes (carbonation and evaporation). Igneous and sedimentary rocks can then be turned into metamorphic rocks by heat and pressure that change its mineral content, resulting in a characteristic fabric. All three types may melt again, and when this happens, new magma is formed, from which an igneous rock may once again solidify.\nOrganic matter, such as coal, bitumen, oil, and natural gas, is linked mainly to organic-rich sedimentary rocks.\nTo study all three types of rock, geologists evaluate the minerals of which they are composed and their other physical properties, such as texture and fabric.\n\n\n=== Unlithified material ===\nGeologists also study unlithified materials (referred to as superficial deposits) that lie above the bedrock. This study is often known as Quaternary geology, after the Quaternary period of geologic history, which is the most recent period of geologic time.\n\n\n==== Magma ====\n\nMagma is the original unlithified source of all igneous rocks. The active flow of molten rock is closely studied in volcanology, and igneous petrology aims to determine the history of igneous rocks from their original molten source to their final crystallization.\n\n\n== Whole-Earth structure ==\n\n\n=== Plate tectonics ===\n\nIn the 1960s, it was discovered that the Earth's lithosphere, which includes the crust and rigid uppermost portion of the upper mantle, is separated into tectonic plates that move across the plastically deforming, solid, upper mantle, which is called the asthenosphere. This theory is supported by several types of observations, including seafloor spreading and the global distribution of mountain terrain and seismicity.\nThere is an intimate coupling between the movement of the plates on the surface and the convection of the mantle (that is, the heat transfer caused by the slow movement of ductile mantle rock). Thus, oceanic parts of plates and the adjoining mantle convection currents always move in the same direction – because the oceanic lithosphere is actually the rigid upper thermal boundary layer of the convecting mantle. This coupling between rigid plates moving on the surface of the Earth and the convecting mantle is called plate tectonics.\nThe development of plate tectonics has provided a physical basis for many observations of the solid Earth. Long linear regions ofSome modern scholars, such as Fielding H. Garrison, are of the opinion that the origin of the science of geology can be traced to Persia after the Muslim conquests had come to an end. Abu al-Rayhan al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) was one of the earliest Persian geologists, whose works included the earliest writings on the geology of India, hypothesizing that the Indian subcontinent was once a sea. Drawing from Greek and Indian scientific literature that were not destroyed by the Muslim conquests, the Persian scholar Ibn Sina (Avicenna, 981–1037) proposed detailed explanations for the formation of mountains, the origin of earthquakes, and other topics central to modern geology, which provided an essential foundation for the later development of the science. In China, the polymath Shen Kuo (1031–1095) formulated a hypothesis for the process of land formation: based on his observation of fossil animal shells in a geological stratum in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed by erosion of the mountains and by deposition of silt.Geology (from Ancient Greek γ�� (gê) 'earth' and λoγία (-logía) 'study of, discourse') is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. Modern geology significantly overlaps all other Earth sciences, including hydrology. It is integrated with Earth system science and planetary science.\nGeology describes the structure of the Earth on and beneath its surface and the processes that have shaped that structure. Geologists study the mineralogical composition of rocks in order to get insight into their history of formation. Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute", "is_supporting": true } ]	How long did the individual who suggested theories for how earthquakes originate and mountains form live?	[ { "id": 41158, "question": "This person proposed explanations for the origins of earthquakes and the formation of mountains, what was his name?", "answer": "Ibn Sina", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 35123, "question": "What was the life span of #1 ?", "answer": "980–1037", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	980–1037	[]	true	What was the lifespan of the person who proposed explanations for the origins of earthquakes and the formation of mountains?
2hop__50087_807969	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "List of top Premier League goal scorers by season", "paragraph_text": "–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\n== 2011–12 ==\n\n\n== 2012–13 ==\n\n\n== 2013–14 ==\n\n\n== 2014–15 ==\n\n\n== 2015–16 ==\n\n\n== 2016–17 ==\n\n\n== 2017–18 ==\n\n\n== 2018–19 ==\n\n\n== 2019–20 ==\n\n\n== 2020–21 ==\n\n\n== 2021–22 ==\n\n\n== 2022–23 ==\n\n\n== 2023–24 ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nPremier League Golden Boot\nList of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of footballers who have scored the most goals in each season in the Premier League since its inception in 1992.\n\n\n== 1992–93 ==\nThe top goalscorer in the Premier League's inaugural season was Teddy Sheringham, who scored one goal for Nottingham Forest before his early-season transfer followed by 21 for Tottenham Hotspur for a total of 22.\n\n\n== 1993–94 ==\n\n\n== 1994–95 ==\n\n\n== 1995–96 ==\n\n\n== 1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 2005–06 ==\n\n\n== 2006–07 ==\n\n\n== 2007–08 ==\n\n\n== 2008–09 ==\n\n\n== 2009–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\nRank Player Club Goals Mohamed Salah Liverpool 32 Harry Kane Tottenham Hotspur 30 Sergio Agüero Manchester City 21 Jamie Vardy Leicester City 20 5 Raheem Sterling Manchester City 18 6 Romelu Lukaku Manchester United 16 7 Roberto Firmino Liverpool 15 8 Alexandre Lacazette Arsenal 14 9 Gabriel Jesus Manchester City 13 10 Son Heung - min Tottenham Hotspur 12 Eden Hazard Chelsea Glenn Murray Brighton and Hove Albion Riyad Mahrez Leicester CityRank Player Club Goals Mohamed Salah Liverpool 32 Harry Kane Tottenham Hotspur 30 Sergio Agüero Manchester City 21 Jamie Vardy Leicester City 20 5 Raheem Sterling Manchester City 18 6 Romelu Lukaku Manchester United 16 7 Roberto Firmino Liverpool 15 8 Alexandre Lacazette Arsenal 14 9 Gabriel Jesus Manchester City 13 10 Son Heung - min Tottenham Hotspur 12 Eden Hazard Chelsea Glenn Murray Brighton and Hove Albion Riyad Mahrez Leicester City1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 2005–06 ==\n\n\n== 2006–07 ==\n\n\n== 2007–08 ==\n\n\n== 2008–09 ==\n\n\n== 2009–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\n== 2011–12 ==\n\n\n== 2012–13 ==\n\n\n== 2013–14 ==\n\n\n== 2014–15 ==\n\n\n== 2015–16 ==\n\n\n== 2016–17 ==\n\n\n== 2017–18 ==\n\n\n== 2018–19 ==\n\n\n== 2019–20 ==\n\n\n== 2020–21 ==\n\n\n== 2021–22 ==\n\n\n== 2022–23 ==\n\n\n== 2023–24 ==\n\n\n== See also ==\nPremier League Golden Boot\nList of footballers with 100 or more Premier League goals\n\n\n== References ==This is a list of footballers who have scored the most goals in each season in the Premier League since its inception in 1992.\n\n\n== 1992–93 ==\nThe top goalscorer in the Premier League's inaugural season was Teddy Sheringham, who scored one goal for Nottingham Forest before his early-season transfer followed by 21 for Tottenham Hotspur for a total of 22.\n\n\n== 1993–94 ==\n\n\n== 1994–95 ==\n\n\n== 1995–96 ==\n\n\n== 1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 2005–06 ==\n\n\n== 2006–07 ==\n\n\n== 2007–08 ==\n\n\n== 2008–09 ==\n\n\n== 2009–10 ==\n\n\n== 2010–11 ==\n\n\nRank Player Club Goals Mohamed Salah Liverpool 32 Harry Kane Tottenham Hotspur 30 Sergio Agüero Manchester City 21 Jamie Vardy Leicester City 20 5 Raheem Sterling Manchester City 18 6 Romelu Lukaku Manchester United 16 7 Roberto Firmino Liverpool 15 8 Alexandre Lacazette Arsenal 14 9 Gabriel Jesus Manchester City 13 10 Son Heung - min Tottenham Hotspur 12 Eden Hazard Chelsea Glenn Murray Brighton and Hove Albion Riyad Mahrez Leicester CityThis is a list of footballers who have scored the most goals in each season in the Premier League since its inception in 1992.\n\n\n== 1992–93 ==\nThe top goalscorer in the Premier League's inaugural season was Teddy Sheringham, who scored one goal for Nottingham Forest before his early-season transfer followed by 21 for Tottenham Hotspur for a total of 22.\n\n\n== 1993–94 ==\n\n\n== 1994–95 ==\n\n\n== 1995–96 ==\n\n\n== 1996–97 ==\n\n\n== 1997–98 ==\n\n\n== 1998–99 ==\n\n\n== 1999–2000 ==\n\n\n== 2000–01 ==\n\n\n== 2001–02 ==\n\n\n== 2002–03 ==\n\n\n== 2003–04 ==\n\n\n== 2004–05 ==\n\n\n== 2005–06 ==\n\n\n== 2006–07 ==\n\n\n== 2007–", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Ahmed Salah Hosny", "paragraph_text": "Ahmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian Premier League: 1997-1998\nVfB Stuttgart\n\nUEFA Intertoto Cup: 2000\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\nAhmed Salah Hosny – UEFA competition record (archive) \nAhmed Salah Hosny at National-Football-Teams.comAhmed Salah Mohamed Hosni Hassan (Arabic: أحمد صلاح محمد حسني حسن; born 11 July 1979) is an Egyptian retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He turned to acting in 2012, after he composed songs for Mohamed Hamaki and others in 2011. He appeared in TV Shows that includes Kalabsh, Al Fetewa, and Hawary Bucharest.\n\n\n== International goals ==\nScores and results list Egypt's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Hosny goal.\n\n1 Egypt goalscorer in Kenya is also accredited to Ahmed Hossam Mido. \n\n\n== Honours ==\nAl Ahly\nEgyptian PremierAhmed Salah Mohammed Hosny Hassan (born 11 July 1979) is a footballer from Egypt who played for VfB Stuttgart and the Egypt national football team. Recently, Hosny turned to art since he has worked with Amr Diab and Mohamed Hamaki in composing songs in their music albums, and most recently he has played a role (Fu'ad Hareedy) in the Egyptian series \"Sharbat Looz\" which has been premiered in the holy month of Ramadan (July 2012).", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which sports team did the highest scorer from the last season of the Premier League belong to?	[ { "id": 50087, "question": "who was the top scorer in the premier league last season", "answer": "Mohamed Salah", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 807969, "question": "#1 >> member of sports team", "answer": "Egypt national football team", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 } ]	Egypt national football team	[]	true	What is the sports team of the Premier League's top scorer last season?
4hop1__51465_53706_795904_580996	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "History of Sacramento, California", "paragraph_text": " inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as a result remained relatively untouched by the Europeans who claimed the region, excepting early 19th Century coastal settlements north of San Francisco Bay which constituted the southernmost Russian colony in North America and were spread over an area stretching from Point Arena to Tomales Bay. When John Sutter arrived in the provincial colonial capital of Monterey in 1839, governor Juan Bautista Alvarado provided Sutter with the land he asked for, and Sutter established New Helvetia, whichThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.The history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.\nSacramento was named after the Sacramento River, which forms its western border. The river was named by Spanish cavalry officer Gabriel Moraga for the Santisimo Sacramento (Most Holy Sacrament), referring to the Catholic Eucharist.\nBefore the arrival of Europeans, the Nisenan Native American tribe inhabited the Sacramento Valley area. The Spanish were the first Europeans to explore the area, and Sacramento fell into the Alta California province of New Spain when the conquistadors claimed Central America and the American Southwest for the Spanish Empire. The area was deemed unfit for colonization by a number of explorers and as aThe history of Sacramento, California, began with its founding by Samuel Brannan and John Augustus Sutter, Jr. in 1848 around an embarcadero that his father, John Sutter, Sr. constructed at the confluence of the American and Sacramento Rivers a few years prior.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 5, "title": "California Gold Rush", "paragraph_text": "Rumors of the discovery of gold were confirmed in March 1848 by San Francisco newspaper publisher and merchant Samuel Brannan. Brannan hurriedly set up a store to sell gold prospecting supplies, and walked through the streets of San Francisco, holding aloft a vial of gold, shouting ``Gold! Gold! Gold from the American River! '' into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy; the sudden population increase allowed California to go rapidly to statehood in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush had severe effects on Native Californians and accelerated the Native American population's decline from disease, starvation, and the California genocide.\nThe effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called \"forty-niners\" (referring to 1849, the peak year for Gold Rush immigration). Outside of California, the first to arrive were from Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii) and Latin America in late 1848. Of the approximately 300,000 people who came to California during the Gold Rush, about half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the California Road; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the gold rush attracted thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote; the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September 1850, California became a state.\nAt the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of \"staking claims\" was developed. Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "List of U.S. states by the number of billionaires", "paragraph_text": " of U.S. states (plus the District of Columbia) according to the number of billionaires residing in each. As of 2024, there are 756 billionaires living in 43 of the 50 US states or Washington, D.C. The only states with no billionaire residents are Alaska, Delaware, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Vermont, and West Virginia.\n\n\n== Table ==\n\nFor the interactive chart see: WorldPopulationView-U.S.-States\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of countries by number of billionaires\n\n\nRank State / Region Number of billionaires California 124 New York 93 Florida 44 5 Illinois 17 Texas 48 5 Connecticut 17 7 Washington 13 11 Pennsylvania 10 15 Wisconsin 9 13 Arizona 9 25 Virginia 5 23 Minnesota 5 9 Colorado 10 10 Massachusetts 10 29 North Carolina 16 Wyoming 9 33 Hawaii 51 Washington, D.C. 8 Michigan 11 12 Tennessee 10 19 New Jersey 8 14 Georgia (U.S. state) 9 24 Oklahoma 5 45 Alaska 0 38 New Hampshire 21 Ohio 6 32 Oregon 22 Arkansas 5 17 Maryland 8 42 Utah 26 Indiana 31 Nebraska 50 Vermont 0 27 Montana 30 Kansas 39 Rhode Island 34 Iowa 40 South Carolina 35 Kentucky 20 Missouri 6 36 Louisiana 43 West Virginia 49 North Dakota 0 28 Idaho 18 Nevada 8 37 Maine 41 South Dakota 47 Mississippi 0 48 New Mexico 0 44 Alabama 0 46 Delaware 0 -- Total United States 525Rank State / Region Number of billionaires California 124 New York 93 Florida 44 5 Illinois 17 Texas 48 5 Connecticut 17 7 Washington 13 11 Pennsylvania 10 15 Wisconsin 9 13 Arizona 9 25 Virginia 5 23 Minnesota 5 9 Colorado 10 10 Massachusetts 10 29 North Carolina 16 Wyoming 9 33 Hawaii 51 Washington, D.C. 8 Michigan 11 12 Tennessee 10 19 New Jersey 8 14 Georgia (U.S. state) 9 24 Oklahoma 5 45 Alaska 0 38 New Hampshire 21 Ohio 6 32 Oregon 22 Arkansas 5 17 Maryland 8 42 Utah 26 Indiana 31 Nebraska 50 Vermont 0 27 Montana 30 Kansas 39 Rhode Island 34 Iowa 40 South Carolina 35 Kentucky 20 Missouri 6 36 Louisiana 43 West Virginia 49 North Dakota 0 28 Idaho 18 Nevada 8 37 Maine 41 South Dakota 47 Mississippi 0 48 New Mexico 0 44 Alabama 0 46 Delaware 0 -- Total United States 525 ==\n\nFor the interactive chart see: WorldPopulationView-U.S.-States\n\n\n== See also ==\nList of countries by number of billionaires\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nFrom a Utah Basement to SAP's $8 Billion Buy: The Brothers Behind Qualtrics Are Tech's Newest Billionaires\nBillionaires 2019\nHere Are The States With The Most BillionairesThis is a listing of U.S. states (plus the District of Columbia) according to the number of billionaires residing in each. As of 2024, there", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Rio Linda High School", "paragraph_text": " opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8% are African-American and 4% are Middle Eastern/Indian. 93% of the students receive a reduced price/free lunch and 19% of the student body (386 students) are English language learners. The 3 most commonly spoken languages spoken by English language learners at this school are Spanish (205 students), Hmong (86 students), and RussianRio Linda High School is a high school located in Rio Linda, Sacramento, CA. It has an enrollment of 2,035 students. It is part of the Twin Rivers Unified School District, and was formerly part of the Grant Unified School District. School District.\nRio Linda High School opened in 1962 and has been one of the primary high schools for students in the Rio Linda/Elverta and Natomas Communities. It offers a wide range of extracurricular activities and academic opportunities.\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n2,035 students attend Rio Linda High School. 41% of them are White, 22% are Hispanic, 13% are Asian, and 8% are African-American and 4% are Middle Eastern/Indian. 93% of the students receive a reduced price/free lunch and 19% of the student body (386 students) are English language learners. The 3 most commonly spoken languages spoken by English language learners at this school are Spanish (205 students), Hmong (86 students), and Russian (40 students) Punjabi/Urdu/Arabic (40 students)\n\n\n== Rankings ==\nIn 2012, after evaluating 21,776 high schools across the nation, U.S. News & World Report awarded Rio Linda High School a silver medal. Rio Linda was ranked 1,605th nationally (top 8%) and 337th within the state of California (top 14%)\n\n\n== Notable alumni ==\nJay Mosley, member of the Missouri House", "is_supporting": true } ]	With which city, where an individual who traveled to the state housing America's majority of billionaires during the gold rush is employed, does it share a boundary?	[ { "id": 51465, "question": "where do the most billionaires live in america", "answer": "California", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 53706, "question": "someone who went to #1 during the gold rush", "answer": "Samuel Brannan", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 795904, "question": "#2 >> work location", "answer": "Sacramento", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 580996, "question": "#3 >> shares border with", "answer": "Rio Linda", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]	Rio Linda	[]	true	What shares a border with the city where the person who went to the state where most billionaires in America live during the gold rush works?
2hop__59048_827343	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Five Finger Exercise", "paragraph_text": " appearance by Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nStanley and Louise Harrington are a married couple who constantly argue, and their son and daughter are on the same path. When a music teacher enters their lives, things begin to change for the better, but the peace is only temporary.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nRosalind Russell as Louise Harrington\nJack Hawkins as Stanley Harrington\nRichard Beymer as Philip Harrington\nAnnette Gorman as Pamela Harrington\nMaximilian Schell as Walter\nLana Wood as Mary\nTerry Huntingdon as Helen\nValora Noland - scene cut before release of film.\n\n\n== Production ==\nThe film was based on Five Finger Exercise, a play that premiered at the Comedy Theatre in London's West End in July 1958 and played for 337 performances at the Music Box Theatre on Broadway from December 1958 until October 1960. The film project's title was temporarily changed to Five Kinds of Love before reverting to Five Finger ExerciseThe film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Schell, and Annette Gorman, with an early screen appearance from Lana Wood, the sister of Natalie Wood. Peter Shaffer. The film was distributed by Columbia Pictures.\nThe film stars Rosalind Russell, Jack Hawkins, Richard Beymer, Maximilian Sch", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 4, "title": "Miracle on 34th Street", "paragraph_text": " with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is.MAttorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorcée's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is., this film was released by 20th Century Fox.\nThe New York City based Macy's department store declined any involvement with this remake, saying \"Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorcée's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is.Miracle on 34th Street is a 1994 American Christmas fantasy comedy-drama film directed by Les Mayfield and produced and co-written by John Hughes. The film stars Richard Attenborough, Elizabeth Perkins, Dylan McDermott, J. T. Walsh, James Remar, Mara Wilson, and Robert Prosky. It is the first theatrical remake of the original 1947 film. Like the original, this film was released by 20th Century Fox.\nThe New York City based Macy's department store declined any involvement with this remake, saying \"we feel the original stands on its own and could not be improved upon\"; the fictitious \"Cole's\" became its replacement. Gimbels had ceased operations in 1987; hence it was replaced by the fictional \"Shopper's Express\".\n\n\n== Plot ==\nPrior to the Thanksgiving parade, Cole's Department Store's special events director Dorey Walker fires Tony Falacchi, an employee working as the store's Santa Claus when the latter becomes intoxicated. Immediately trying to find a replacement, she spots an elderly man who had been berating Falacchi and begs him to take over; the man introduces himself as Kris Kringle. Kris does so well during the parade that he is immediately hired by Cole's, despite his apparent belief that he is the real Santa Claus.\nKris is lauded by the children and parents who come to visit him, and his unusual proclivity to direct shoppers to other stores where toys can be bought more cheaply is turned into a successful marketing campaign for Cole's. The sudden turnaround of Cole's, which had only recently survived a hostile takeover bid by Victor Landberg, enrages executives at rival firm Shopper's Express, who are led by Jack Duff.\nDorey has persuaded her six-year-old daughter, Susan, that Santa Claus does not exist, and is concerned by Kris's influence on her. Dorey's neighbor, attorney Bryan Bedford, does his best to convince Susan to believe. While being babysat one night by Kris, Susan shares with him her Christmas wish: she would like a dad, a house pictured in the Cole's Christmas catalogue, and a baby brother. Kris asks if she would begin to believe in Santa if she got all those things, and Susan agrees that she would.\nLandberg and Duff realize that Kris believes himself to be Santa Claus and leads a plot to destroy his credibility. Duff and his fellow executives pay Falacchi to antagonize Kris in the street and feign an injury when Kris raises his walking stick, leading to Kris's arrest. Bryan provides Kris with legal support and arranges for a court hearing where Kris can make his case. Dorey convinces the chairman of Cole's to show solidarity with Kris, drumming up support from the public. At the court hearing, prosecutor Ed Collins makes the case that Kris is mentally unfit for society, allowing him to state to the court that he is the real Santa Claus.\nThat evening, Judge Henry Harper privately confides to Bryan that despite Kris's genuine goodwill, he feels he has no choice but to declare him insane, unless a miracle happens. The next morning, just before he can announce his ruling, Susan approaches the judge with a Christmas card containing a $1 bill. On the back, the words In God We Trust are circled. The judge realizes that if the US Department of Treasury can put its official faith in God on US currency with no required standard of evidence, then the people of New York can place their faith in Santa Claus in the same way. Judge Harper dismisses the case, declaring that Santa is real, existing in the person of Kris Kringle.\nFollowing the court case, Dorey and Bryan are maneuvered by Kris into realizing their true feelings for each other, and are married in a small ceremony after the Christmas Eve Midnight Mass.\nOn Christmas morning, Susan wakes to the news of the marriage and is elated to find that she has received one part of her Christmas wish. Together, Susan, Dorey, and Bryan drive out to the catalogue house and find that Kris - who has now departed 'overseas' - has arranged for them to purchase it, which they can now afford due to the size of Dorey's Christmas bonus.\nWith two of Susan's wishes fulfilled, Dorey asks her what the third one was, and she triumphantly announces that it was a baby brother. Dorey and Bryan both look at each other, shocked, before glancing down at Dorey's stomach and sharing a kiss.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nRichard Attenborough as Kris Kringle\nElizabeth Perkins as Dorey Walker\nDylan McDermott as Bryan Bedford\nJ. T. Walsh as Ed Collins\nJames Remar as Jack Duff\nMara Wilson as Susan Walker\nRobert Prosky as Judge Henry Harper\nJane Leeves as Alberta Leonard\nSimon Jones as Donald Shellhammer\nWilliam Windom as C. F. Cole\nKatherine Narducci as the mother\nMary McCormack as Myrna Foy\nAlvin Greenman as the doorman\nAllison Janney as a brazen woman shopper in Cole's Christmas Shopping Center\nGreg Noonan is credited as Cmdr. Coulson, though the character is addressed as Col. Colson\nByrne Piven as Dr. Hunter\nPeter Gerety as a cop\nJack McGee as Tony Falacchi\nJennifer Morrison as Denise\nHoratio Sanz as an orderly\nRon Beattie as a priest\nJoss Ackland as Victor Landberg (uncredited), the owner of a competing store who is eager to see Cole's go out of business so he can buy out the facility and extend his market\nVarious newscasters portrayed by Rosanna Scotto, Joe Moskowitz, Lester Holt, Susie Park, and Janet Kauss\n\n\n== Release ==\nThe film had its premiere at Radio City", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the sibling that portrayed the character Susie in the film Miracle on 34th Street?	[ { "id": 59048, "question": "who played susie in miracle on 34th street", "answer": "Natalie Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 827343, "question": "#1 >> sibling", "answer": "Lana Wood", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 } ]	Lana Wood	[]	true	Whose sister played Susie in miracle on 34th street?
2hop__252521_80650	[ { "idx": 7, "title": "The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause", "paragraph_text": "aws, Sylvia and Bud Newman, to the North Pole, along with Scott's ex-wife Laura, her husband Neil, their daughter Lucy, and Scott's son Charlie. Meanwhile, he is summoned to a meeting of the Council of Legendary Figures, consisting of Mother Nature, Father Time, the Easter Bunny, Cupid, the Tooth Fairy, and the Sandman, concerning the behavior of Jack Frost, who is jealous that he has no holiday or special occasion in his honor. Because he has been promoting himself during the Christmas season, Mother Nature suggests sanctions against him. As Scott is attempting to get the in-laws to come without revealing that he is Santa, Jack Frost negotiates a light sentence of community service at the North Pole, helping Scott and the elves put up various Canadian-themed paraphernalia, as Carol's parents believe Scott is a toymaker in Canada; Scott consents.\nHowever, Frost's ultimate goal is to trick Scott into renouncing his position as Santa and taking it for himself. After he persuades the Head Elf Curtis to tell him about the \"Escape Clause\", Frost sneaks into The Hall of Snow Globes and steals Scott's snow globe containing him as Santa. If Scott holds the globe and wishes to have \"never been Santa at all,\" he will go back in time and undo his career as Santa. When Lucy discovers this, Frost freezes her parents and locks her in a closet. He then orchestrates several accidents in order to pressurize Scott to the point where he thinks about resigning to make things better.\nThis causes Frost to trick Scott into invoking the Escape Clause and both are sent to Scott's front yard in 1994, when Scott caused the original Santa to fall off his roof and had to replace him. Frost causes the original Santa to fall off the roof and grabs Santa's coat before Scott can. Scott is sent to an alternate present, where he has been CEO of his old company for the last twelve years and business takes priority over family. Scott also learns that Laura and Neil divorced and Carol moved away years ago.\nScott goes to find Lucy and Neil, who are vacationing at the North Pole, whichThe film stars Tim Allen returning as Scott Calvin / Santa Claus and Martin Short as Jack Frost. Allen and Short had previously worked together in the 1997 Disney comedy feature film, Jungle 2 Jungle. Most of the supporting actors from the first two films reprise their roles, with the exception of David Krumholtz, who played Bernard the Arch - elf. As a result of his absence, Curtis (played by Spencer Breslin), who was previously the Assistant Head Elf, has now been promoted to Bernard's former position. Like the previous film, this film was shot in the Canadian cities of Vancouver and Calgary. This was Peter Boyle's final film to be released before he died from cancer one month after its release. (The 2008 film All Roads Lead Home would be released posthumously.)The film stars Tim Allen returning as Scott Calvin / Santa Claus and Martin Short as Jack Frost. Allen and Short had previously worked together in the 1997 Disney comedy feature film, Jungle 2 Jungle. Most of the supporting actors from the first two films reprise their roles, with the exception of David Krumholtz, who played Bernard the Arch - elf. As a result of his absence, Curtis (played by Spencer Breslin), who was previously the Assistant Head Elf, has now been promoted to Bernard's former position. Like the previous film, this film was shot in the Canadian cities of Vancouver and Calgary. This was Peter Boyle's final film to be released before he died from cancer one month after its release. (The 2008 film All Roads Lead Home would be released posthumously.) promoted to Bernard's former position. This was Peter Boyle's final film to be released during his lifetime (2008's All Roads Lead Home was released posthumously). Its production was completed in February 2006.\nThe film was theatrically released in the United States on November 3, 2006, and grossed over $110 million worldwide. It received negative reviews from critics, with Rotten Tomatoes calling it \"a bag of bland gags and dumb slapstick.\"\n\n\n== Plot ==\nTwelve years have passed since Scott Calvin took on the mantle of Santa Claus. He is now married to Carol Newman, who is now a teacher in the North Pole. On Christmas Eve, she tells a group of young elves a story from her life with Scott while expecting their first child.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 12, "title": "Frost at Christmas", "paragraph_text": " resigned from his job.\n\n\n== Inspector Frost ==\nIn 1972, Macmillan Publishers invited him to write a book, and he wrote Frost at Christmas. This was rejected and not published until the early 1980s in Canada. Wingfield had originally planned to kill Frost in the first book, but he was persuaded instead to leave it as an open ending. Following this, twoFrost at Christmas (1984) is the first of the series of novels written by R. D. Wingfield, the creator of the character Detective Inspector Jack Frost, who is more famously known in the television series \"A Touch of Frost\", where the character is played by Sir David Jason. This novel was adapted into the TV episode 'Care and Protection', which was also the first in the series.RFrost at Christmas (1984) is the first of the series of novels written by R. D. Wingfield, the creator of the character Detective Inspector Jack Frost, who is more famously known in the television series \"A Touch of Frost\", where the character is played by Sir David Jason. This novel was adapted into the TV episode 'Care and Protection', which was also the first in the series. the Coopers' Company School and during the Second World War was evacuated to Frome, Somerset. Wingfield was exempted from National Service due to poor eyesight and had various office jobs in the East End before joining the Petrofina oil company. His first radio play, Our West Ladyton Branch was accepted by the BBC in 1968 and two more were then commissioned, at which point Wingfield resigned from his job.\n\n\n== Inspector Frost ==\nIn 1972, Macmillan Publishers invited him to write a book, and he wrote Frost at Christmas. This was rejected and not published until the early 1980s in Canada. Wingfield had originally planned to kill Frost in the first book, but he was persuaded instead to leave it as an open ending. Following this, twoFrost at Christmas (1984) is the first of the series of novels written by R. D. Wingfield, the creator of the character Detective Inspector Jack Frost, who is more famously known in the television series \"A Touch of Frost\", where the character is played by Sir David Jason. This novel was adapted into the TV episode 'Care and Protection', which was also the first in the series.Rodney David Wingfield (6 June 1928 – 31 July 2007) was an English author and radio dramatist. He is best remembered for creating the character of Detective Inspector Jack Frost, who was later played by David Jason in A Touch of Frost.\n\n\n== Early life ==\nRodney David Wingfield was born in Hackney, east London in 1928. He was educated at the Coopers' Company School and during the Second World War was evacuated to Frome, Somerset. Wingfield was exempted from National Service due to poor eyesight and had various office jobs in the East End before joining the Petrofina oil company. His first radio play, Our West Ladyton Branch was accepted by the BBC in 1968 and two more were then commissioned, at which point Wingfield resigned from his job.\n\n\n== Inspector Frost ==\nIn 1972, Macmillan Publishers invited him to write a book, and he wrote Frost at Christmas. This was rejected and not published until the early 1980s in Canada. Wingfield had originally planned to kill Frost in the first book, but he was persuaded instead to leave it as an open ending. Following this, two more Frost books were written: A Touch of Frost and Night Frost. In 1977 Frost appeared in a radio play called Three Days of Frost, in which Frost was played by Leslie Sands, a friend of Wingfield's. The books were first published in the United Kingdom in early 1989, and", "is_supporting": true } ]	What's the name of the actor who portrayed a character in The Santa Clause 3, who also has a namesake series involving Frost at Christmas?	[ { "id": 252521, "question": "Frost at Christmas >> part of the series", "answer": "Jack Frost", "paragraph_support_idx": 12 }, { "id": 80650, "question": "who played #1 in the santa clause 3", "answer": "Martin Short", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]	Martin Short	[]	true	Who played the character in the Santa Clause 3 that has a series named after it that includes Frost at Christmas?
3hop1__390673_228453_10972	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Sazerac", "paragraph_text": " American cocktail, with origins in antebellum New Orleans, although drink historian David Wondrich is among those who dispute this, and American instances of published usage of the word cocktail to describe a mixture of spirits, bitters, and sugar can be traced to the dawn of the 19th century.\n\n\n== Characteristics ==\nThe defining feature of the Sazerac is its method of preparation, which commonly involves two chilled old-fashioned glasses. The first glass is swirled with a wash of absinthe for its flavor and strong scent. The second glass is used to combine the remaining ingredients, which are stirred with ice, then strained into the first glass. Various anisettes such as pastis, Pernod, or Herbsaint are common substitutes when absinthe is unavailable. In New Orleans, Herbsaint is most commonly used due to the absence of absinthe in the U.S. market from 1912 until 2007.\n\n\n== History ==\nAround 1850, Sewell T. Taylor sold his New Orleans bar, the Merchants Exchange Coffee House, to become an importer of spirits, and he began to import a brand of cognac named Sazerac-de-Forge et Fils. Meanwhile, Aaron Bird assumed proprietorship of the Merchants Exchange and changed its name to Sazerac Coffee House. On October 2, 2019, the Sazerac House opened to the public as a museum and immersive experience that shares the history of the New Orleans cocktail culture, including the Sazerac.\nLegend has it that Bird began serving the \"Sazerac Cocktail\", made with Sazerac cognac imported by Taylor, and allegedly with bitters being made by the local apothecary, Antoine Amedie Peychaud. The Sazerac Coffee House subsequently changed hands several times, until around 1870 Thomas Handy became its proprietor. It is around this time that the primary ingredient changed from cognac to rye whiskey, due to the phylloxera epidemic in Europe that devastated the vineyards of France.\nAt some point before his death in 1889, Handy recorded the recipe for the cocktail, which made its first printed appearance in William T. \"Cocktail Bill\" Boothby's The World's Drinks and How to Mix Them (1908), although his recipe calls for Selner Bitters, not Peychaud's. After absinthe was banned in the United States in 1912, it was replaced by various anise-flavored liqueurs, most notably the locally produced Herbsaint, which first appeared in 1934.\nBy the early 20th century, simple cocktails like the Sazerac had become rare, which eventually rekindled their popularity.\nThe creation of the Sazerac has also been creditedThe Sazerac is a local New Orleans variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail, named for the \"Sazerac de Forge et Fils\" brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient. The drink is most traditionally a combination of\ncognac or rye whiskey, absinthe, Peychaud's Bitters, and sugar, although bourbon whiskey is sometimes substituted for the rye and Herbsaint is sometimes substituted for the absinthe. Some claim it is the oldest known American cocktail, with origins in antebellum New Orleans, although drink historian David Wondrich is among those who dispute this, and American instances of published usage of the word cocktail to describe a mixture of spirits,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 10, "title": "Black people", "paragraph_text": " It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black **\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'bThough Brazilians of at least partial African heritage make up a large percentage of the population, few blacks have been elected as politicians. The city of Salvador, Bahia, for instance, is 80% people of color, but voters have not elected a mayor of color. Journalists like to say that US cities with black majorities, such as Detroit and New Orleans, have not elected white mayors since after the civil rights movement, when the Voting Rights Act of 1965 protected the franchise for minorities, and blacks in the South regained the power to vote for the first time since the turn of the 20th century. New Orleans elected its first black mayor in the 1970s. New Orleans elected a white mayor after the widescale disruption and damage of Hurricane Katrina in 2005., regard the concept of a unified, distinguishable \"Black race\" as socially constructed. Different societies apply different criteria regarding who is classified \"black\", and these social constructs have changed over time. In a number of countries, societal variables affect classification as much as skin color, and the social criteria for \"blackness\" vary. In the United Kingdom, \"black\" was historically equivalent with \"person of color\", a general term for non-European peoples. While the term \"person of color\" is commonly used and accepted in the United States, the near-sounding term \"colored person\" is considered highly offensive, except in South Africa, where it is a descriptor for a person of mixed race. In other regions such as Australasia, settlers applied the adjective \"black\" to the indigenous population. It was universally regarded as highly offensive in Australia until the 1960s and 70s. \"Black\" was generally not used as a noun, but rather as an adjective qualifying some other descriptor (e.g. \"black **\"). As desegregation progressed after the 1967 referendum, some Aboriginals adopted the term, following the American fashion, but it remains problematic.\nSeveral American style guides, including the AP Stylebook, changed their guides to capitalize the 'b' in 'black', following the 2020 murder of George Floyd, an African American. The ASA Style Guide says that the 'b' should not be capitalized. Some perceive the term 'black' as a derogatory, outdated, reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label, and as a result", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 18, "title": "Kentucky Tavern", "paragraph_text": " from United Distillers in 1995. The brand was originally produced and owned by the R. Monarch Distillery (RD #24, 2nd Dist.) of Owensboro, Kentucky, which entered bankruptcy in 1898 and was purchased by James Thompson in 1901 who renamed the company Glenmore Distillery Company with locations in Owensboro and Louisville, Kentucky. In 1903 the Kentucky Tavern trademark was first registered. Glenmore proved a successful and durable company, its main brand being Kentucky Tavern. It is usually produced as an 80 proof liquor, although a 100 proof is also available.\nIt bears resemblance in color and flavor to that of Kentucky Gentleman, which is also produced by Barton Distilleries.\nKentucky Tavern is relatively affordable for bourbon and can be purchased inKentucky Tavern is a brand of straight bourbon whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at the Barton Distillery located in Bardstown, Kentucky, who acquired the brand from United Distillers in 1995. The brand was originally produced and owned by the R. Monarch Distillery (RD #24, 2nd Dist.) of Owensboro, Kentucky, which entered bankruptcy in 1898 and was purchased by James Thompson in 1901 who renamed the company Glenmore Distillery Company with locations in Owensboro and Louisville, Kentucky. In 1903 The Kentucky Tavern trademark was first registered. Glenmore proved a successful and durable company, its main brand being Kentucky Tavern. It is usually produced as an 80 proof liquor, although a 100 proof is also available.KKentucky Tavern is a brand of straight bourbon whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company at the Barton Distillery located in Bardstown, Kentucky, who acquired the brand from United Distillers in 1995. The brand was originally produced and owned by the R. Monarch Distillery (RD #24, 2nd Dist.) of Owensboro, Kentucky, which entered bankruptcy in 1898 and was purchased by James Thompson in 1901 who renamed the company Glenmore Distillery Company with locations in Owensboro and Louisville, Kentucky. In 1903 The Kentucky Tavern trademark was first registered. Glenmore proved a successful and durable company, its main brand being Kentucky Tavern. It is usually produced as an 80 proof liquor, although a 100 proof is also available.It bears resemblance in color and flavor to that of Kentucky Gentleman, which is also produced by Barton Distilleries.\nKentucky Tavern is relatively affordable for bourbon and can be purchased in 200 ml, 375 mL, 750 mL, 1 L and 1.75 L quantities.\nIn March 2009, the Sazerac Company of New Orleans purchased the Tom Moore distillery and many brands owned by Constellation Spirits", "is_supporting": true } ]	When was the first African American mayor elected in the city where the Kentucky Tavern's producer is based?	[ { "id": 390673, "question": "Kentucky Tavern >> manufacturer", "answer": "Sazerac Company", "paragraph_support_idx": 18 }, { "id": 228453, "question": "#1 >> headquarters location", "answer": "New Orleans", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 10972, "question": "When did #2 elect it's first black Mayor?", "answer": "1970s", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 } ]	1970s	[]	true	When did the headquarters city of Kentucky Tavern's manufacturer elect its first black mayor?
2hop__800166_156034	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Long Spruce Generating Station", "paragraph_text": " owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro. Its ten turbine-generator units give it a generating capacity of 1,010 megawatts (1,350,000 hp) and annual generation around 5.8 terawatt-hours. Each unit produces around 100 megawatts (130,000 hp) with an operating head of 26 metres (85 ft) and flow of 458 cubic metres per second (16,200 cu ft/s) cubic metres per second. The first concrete for the structures was placed in 1974, with first power delivered in 1977. The station was completed in 1979 at a cost of $CDN 508 million.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nKettle Generating Station – upstream, completed in 1973\nLimestone Generating Station – downstream, completed in 1990\nList of largest power stations in Canada\nNelson River Hydroelectric Project\n\n\n== References ==Long Spruce Generating Station is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric dam on the Nelson River approximately 745 kilometres (463 mi) northeast of Winnipeg in the Canadian province of Manitoba. \nIt was Manitoba Hydro's fourth generating station to be built on the Nelson River, which flows from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on Long Spruce Rapids. The site is approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) east of Gillam, Manitoba and is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) downstream of Manitoba Hydro's Kettle Generating Station.\nThe dam is owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro. Its ten turbine-generator units give it a generating capacity of 1,010 megawatts (1,350,000 hp) and annual generation around 5.8 terawatt-hours. Each unit produces around 100 megawatts (130,000 hp) with an operating head of 26 metres (85 ft) and flow of 458 cubic metres per second (16,200 cu ft/s) cubic metres per secondIt was Manitoba Hydro's fourth generating station to be built on the Nelson River, which flows from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on Long Spruce Rapids. The site is approximately east of Gillam, Manitoba and is downstream of Manitoba Hydro's Kettle Generating Station.LongIt was Manitoba Hydro's fourth generating station to be built on the Nelson River, which flows from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on Long Spruce Rapids. The site is approximately east of Gillam, Manitoba and is downstream of Manitoba Hydro's Kettle Generating Station. Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on Long Spruce Rapids. The site is approximately 27 kilometres (17 mi) east of Gillam, Manitoba and is 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) downstream of Manitoba Hydro's Kettle Generating Station.\nThe dam is owned and operated by Manitoba Hydro. Its ten turbine-generator units give it a generating capacity of 1,010 megawatts (1,350,000 hp) and annual generation around 5.8 terawatt-hours. Each unit produces around 100 megawatts (130,000 hp) with an operating head of 26 metres (85 ft) and flow of 458 cubic metres per second (16,200 cu ft/s) cubic metres per second. The first concrete for the structures was placed in 1974, with first power delivered in 1977. The station was completed in 1979 at a cost of $CDN 508 million.\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nKettle Generating Station – upstream, completed in 1973\nLimestone Generating Station – downstream, completed in 1990\nList of largest power stations in Canada\nNelson River Hydroelectric Project\n\n\n== References ==Long Spruce Generating Station is a run-of-the-river hydroelectric dam on the Nelson River approximately 745 kilometres (463 mi) northeast of Winnipeg in the Canadian province of Manitoba. \nIt was Manitoba Hydro's fourth generating station to be built on the Nelson River, which flows from Lake Winnipeg to Hudson Bay. The station was built on", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 13, "title": "Nelson River", "paragraph_text": " Lake and Kiskitto Lake into Cross Lake at the Manitoba Hydro's Jenpeg Generating Station and Dam. From Cross Lake it flows through Sipiwesk Lake, Split Lake and Stephens Lake on its way to the Hudson Bay.\nSince it drains Lake Winnipeg, it is the last part of the large Saskatchewan River system, as well as that of the Red River and Winnipeg River. Devils Lake is unusual for a glacial lake in being presently closed, also has been known to overflow into the Red River for at least five separate periods since deglaciation.\nBesides Lake Winnipeg, its primary tributaries include the Grass River, which drains a long area north of Lake Winnipeg, and the Burntwood River, which passes through Thompson, Manitoba.\nThe river flows into Hudson Bay at Port Nelson (now a ghost town), just north of the Hayes River and York Factory. Other communities upriver from there include Bird, Sundance, Long Spruce, Gillam, Split Lake, Arnot, Cross Lake, and Norway House.\n\n\n=== Transportation ===\n\nNorth America has just one port on the Arctic Ocean, linked to the North American railway grid—at Churchill, Manitoba, at the mouth of the Churchill River.\nOriginally port facilities were to have been built at Port Nelson; original proposals for the Hudson's Bay rail link would have used that point as a terminus. Practical problems led to the port's relocation to Churchill. Those difficulties included a much greater need for dredging,Fort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of theFort Nelson, a historic Hudson's Bay Company trading post, was at the mouth of the Nelson River at Hudson Bay and was a key trading post in the early 18th century. After his pivotal role in establishing the Hudson's Bay Company, Pierre Esprit Radisson, noted French explorer, was chief director of trade at Fort Nelson during one of his sustained periods of service to England. Today, Fort Nelson no longer exists. Port Nelson, the abandoned shipping port, remains on the opposite side of the river mouth on Hudson Bay. which 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 sq mi) is in the United States.\n\n\n== Geography ==\n\nThe Nelson River flows into Playgreen Lake from Lake Winnipeg then flows from two channels into Cross Lake. The east channel and the Jack River flow from the southeast portion of the lake into Little Playgreen Lake then the Nelson east channel continues in a northerly direction passing through Pipestone Lake on its way to Cross Lake. The west channel flows out of the north ends of Playgreen Lake, Kiskittogisu Lake and Kiskitto Lake into Cross Lake at the Manitoba Hydro's Jenpeg Generating Station and Dam. From Cross Lake it flows through Sipiwesk Lake, Split Lake and Stephens Lake on its way to the Hudson Bay.\nSince it drains Lake Winnipeg, it is the last part of the large Saskatchewan River system, as well as that of the Red River and Winnipeg River. Devils Lake is unusual for a glacial lake in being presently closed, also has been known to overflow into the Red River for at least five separate periods since deglaciation.\nBesides Lake Winnipeg, its primary tributaries include the Grass River, which drains a long area north of Lake Winnipeg, and the Burntwood River, which passes through Thompson, Manitoba.\nThe river flows into Hudson Bay at Port Nelson (now a ghost town), just north of the Hayes River and York Factory. Other communities upriver from there include Bird, Sundance, Long Spruce, Gillam, Split Lake, Arnot, Cross Lake, and Norway House.\n\n\n=== Transportation ===\n\nNorth America has just one port on the Arctic Ocean, linked to the North American railway grid—at Churchill, Manitoba, at the mouth of the Churchill River.\nOriginally port facilities were to", "is_supporting": true } ]	Which river is the one that the Long Spruce Generating Station is located on a tributary of?	[ { "id": 800166, "question": "Long Spruce Generating Station >> located on terrain feature", "answer": "Nelson River", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 }, { "id": 156034, "question": "What is #1 a tributary of?", "answer": "Hudson's Bay", "paragraph_support_idx": 13 } ]	Hudson's Bay	[ "Hudson Bay" ]	true	What is the river where Long Spruce Generating Station is located a tributary of?
3hop1__106239_650651_7262	[ { "idx": 6, "title": "Adult contemporary music", "paragraph_text": " targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY, had switched to an all-soft rock format. By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as Journey. Walter Sabo and his team at NBC brought in major personalities from the AM Band to the FM Band taking the format from a background to a foreground listening experience. The addition of major radio stars such as Dan Daniel, Steve O'Brien, Dick Summers, Don Bleu and Tom Parker made it possible to fully monetize the format and provide the foundation for financial success enjoyed to this day is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used, with the electric guitar sound relatively faint and high-pitched. Additionally post-80s adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers (and other electronics, such as drum machines).\nAn AC radio station may play mainstream music, but it usually excludes hip hop, house/techno or electronic dance music and some forms of dance-pop and teen pop, as these are less popular among adults, the target demographic. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s. A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past, even some songs that never even charted the AC charts. This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart.\nOver the years, AC has spawned subgenres including \"hot AC\" (also known as \"modern AC\"), \"softWhile most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become successful thanks to a ballad heavy sound. Much as some hot AC and modern rock artists have crossed over into each other, so too has soft AC crossed with country music in this decade. Country musicians such as Faith Hill, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes and Carrie Underwood have had success on both charts.Adult contemporary music (AC) is a form of radio-played popular music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the 1980s to the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, R&B, quiet storm and rock influence. Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music.\nAdult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, abstains from profanity or complex lyricism, and is most commonly used as background music in heavily-frequented family areas such as supermarkets, shopping malls, convention centers, or restaurants. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse–chorus structure. The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which use acoustic instruments such as pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. However, electric guitars and bass is also usually used,", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "The Biggest Loser Brunei: Lose It All", "paragraph_text": " different team colors. They will train by three trainers, each trainer will train three teams respectively. However, on week 1, Stacy told that one of each team will sent home and will be back on future. On week 6, Dicky and Rashid returned on ranch because they have the highest percentage of weight loss and the rest do not have a spot to back on ranch. In the same week, Stacy told that the gameplay changed which is Blue vs Red vs Black. However, in the end of week 9, Stacy told that the eliminated players who do not have a spot on ranch will returns. Fernandez who wins the marathon among them returned on ranch week 10. Starting week 10, the games on with 4 teams which is Blue vs Red vs Black vs White. The Commando returns to train White teams. Zahir and Amar fall below the yellow line on week 17 and viewers had to determine who will be the finalist join Hannah and Tiara and Brunei vote off Zahir.\n\n\n== Weigh-In ==\n\nStandings\n Week's Biggest Loser\n Week's Biggest Loser and Immunity\n Immunity (Challenge or Weigh-In)\n Last person eliminated before the finale\n Results from At-Home playersY\n Did not weigh-in\nBMI\n Underweight (less than 18.5 BMI)\n Normal (18.5–24.9 BMI)b\n Overweight (25–29.9 BMI)\n Obese Class I (30–34.9 BMI)\n Obese Class II (35–39.9 BMI)\n Obese Class III (greater than 40 BMI)\nWinners\n B$250,000 (among the finalists)\n B$100,000 Winner (among the eliminated contestants)\n\n\n== Weigh-In Figures History ==\n\n\n== Elimination Voting History ==\n\n X Not in house\n Immunity\n ? Immunity, vote not revealed\n X Immunity, was below yellow line or not in elimination, unable to vote\n X Below yellow line, unable to vote\n x Below yellow line, escaped from elimination, unable to vote\n + Below yellow line, saved by week's Biggest Loser, unable to vote\n X Below red line, automatically eliminated\n X Not in elimination, unable to vote\n Eliminated or not in house\n Last person eliminated (at the finale) via public voting\n Valid vote cast\n ? Vote not revealed\n B$250,000 winner (among the finalists)\n X Lost arrive at ranch weigh-in, was automatically eliminated\n X Below yellow line, Brunei's vote.\n\n\n== External links ==\nBrunei's Biggest Loser official Twitter account.The Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.\nThe Biggest Loser Brunei (season 3): Lose It All is the third season of The Biggest Loser Brunei, which is the Bruneian version of the NBC reality television series The Biggest Loser. This season called Lose It All because this is the biggest show of this Brunei's series and to prove to people for keep losing weight weather on the ranch or outside the ranch. This season premiered March 13, 2012. This season introduce the new trainer, Cristine Phoebe for replacing Juliana Mikael which not return for her third season.The finale aired on July 10, 2012 and Nurul Hannah who lost 111 pounds won the title of The Biggest Loser make her the first ever female contestant win this show after two male on past season. Fernandez Aljunied won the prize for at-home contestants. In the end of the show Stacy Sandra told that next season will be airing next year and she will not return to the show and will be replaced by Sarah Rahman. Ezuan Aziz also announced that he will not return for next season.\n\n\n== Contestants ==\nThis season featured 27 contestants with nine different team colors. They will train by three trainers, each trainer will train three teams respectively. However, on week 1, Stacy told that one of each team will sent home and will be back on future. On week 6, Dicky", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 19, "title": "Kelupis", "paragraph_text": " people, the confection is made in large batches especially during a traditional wedding ceremony.\n\n\n== See also ==\nLamban\n\n\n== References ==Kelupis (which literally translates as 'glutinous rice rolls' in English) is a traditional kuih for the Lun Bawang, Bruneian Malay people in the country of Brunei and in the states ofKelupis (which literally translates to 'glutinous rice rolls' in English) is a traditional kuih for the Bruneian Malay people in the country of Brunei and in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia. It is also a traditional snack for the Bisaya people as the three ethnics are ethnically related which is Lun Bawang/Lundayeh also create this kelupis especially on the wedding ceremony.Kelupis (which literally translates to 'glutinous rice rolls' in English) is a traditional kuih for the Bruneian Malay people in the country of Brunei and in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia. It is also a traditional snack for the Bisaya people as the three ethnics are ethnically related which is Lun Bawang/Lundayeh also create this kelupis especially on the wedding ceremony.", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who was a notable person in the radio department of the broadcasting corporation that developed the variant of The Biggest Loser located in the birthplace of Kelupis?	[ { "id": 106239, "question": "What country did Kelupis originate?", "answer": "Brunei", "paragraph_support_idx": 19 }, { "id": 650651, "question": "The Biggest Loser #1 (season 3): The Final Chance >> creator", "answer": "NBC", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 7262, "question": "Who was a prominent figure at #2 's radio division?", "answer": "Walter Sabo", "paragraph_support_idx": 6 } ]	Walter Sabo	[]	true	Who was a prominent figure at the radio division of the broadcast company that created the version of The Biggest Loser set in the country where Kelupis originated?
3hop1__433054_831637_91775	[ { "idx": 0, "title": "USS Venus (AK-135)", "paragraph_text": "USS \"Venus\" (AK-135) was a in the service of the United States Navy in World War II. Originally liberty ship SS \"William Williams\", named after William Williams, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, it was taken over by the Navy after being damaged in a torpedo attack and renamed after the planet Venus. It was the only ship of the Navy to bear this name.USS \"Venus\" (AK-135) was a in the service of the United States Navy in World War II. Originally liberty ship SS \"William Williams\", named after William Williams, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, it was taken over by the Navy after being damaged in a torpedo attack", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "United States Navy SEALs", "paragraph_text": " The United States Military recognized the need for the covert reconnaissance of landing beaches and coastal defenses. As a result, the joint Army, Marine Corps, and Navy Amphibious Scout and Raider School was established in 1942 at Fort Pierce, Florida. The Scouts and Raiders were formed in September of that yearThe United States Navy's ``Sea, Air, and Land ''Teams, commonly abbreviated as the Navy SEALs, are the U.S. Navy's primary special operations force and a component of the Naval Special Warfare Command. Among the SEALs' main functions are conducting small - unit maritime military operations that originate from, and return to, a river, ocean, swamp, delta, or coastline. The SEALs are trained to operate in all environments (Sea, Air, and Land) for which they are named. highly trained, and possess a high degree of proficiency in unconventional warfare (UW), direct action (DA), and special reconnaissance (SR), among other tasks like sabotage, demolition, intelligence gathering, and hydro-graphic reconnaissance, training, and advising friendly militaries or other forces. All active SEALs are members of the U.S. Navy.\n\n\n== History ==\n\n\n=== Origins ===\nAlthough not formally founded until", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy", "paragraph_text": "except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy.TheThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy. Wickes-class destroyers. The peacetime years between 1919 and 1941 resulted in many of these flush deck destroyers being laid up. Additionally, treaties regulated destroyer construction. The 1500-ton destroyers built in the 1930s under the treaties had stability problems that limited expansion of their armament in World War II. During World War II, the United States began building largerThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the s entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy.The first automotive torpedo was developed in 1866, and the torpedo boat was developed soon after. In 1898, while the Spanish–American War was being fought in the Caribbean and the Pacific, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt wrote that the Spanish torpedo boat destroyers were the only threat to the American navy, and pushed for the acquisition of similar vessels. On 4 May 1898, the US Congress authorized the first sixteen torpedo boat destroyers and twelve seagoing torpedo boats for the United States Navy.\nIn World War I, the U.S. Navy began mass-producing destroyers, laying 273 keels of the Clemson and Wickes-class destroyers. The peacetime years between 1919 and 1941 resulted in many of these flush deck destroyers being laid up. Additionally, treaties regulated destroyer construction. The 1500-ton destroyers built in the 1930s under the treaties had stability problems that limited expansion of their armament in World War II. During World War II, the United States began building larger 2100-ton destroyers with five-gun main batteries, but without stability problems.\nThe first major warship produced by the U.S. Navy after World War II (and in the Cold War) were \"frigates\"—the ships were originally designated destroyer leaders but reclassified in 1975 as guided missile cruisers (except the Farragut class became guided missile destroyers). These grew out of the last all-gun destroyers of the 1950s. In the middle 1970s the Spruance-class destroyers entered service, optimized for anti-submarine warfare. A special class of guided missile destroyers was produced for the Shah of Iran, but due to the Iranian Revolution these ships could not be delivered and were added to the U.S. Navy.\nThe Arleigh Burke class, introduced in 1991, has been the U.S. Navy's only destroyer class in commission since 2005; construction continued through 2012 and was restarted in 2015. A further class, the Zumwalt, is entering service; the first ship was launched in 2013. The Zumwalt class will number three ships.\n\n\n== Pre–World War I ==\n\nIn 1864, US Navy Lt. William B. Cushing sank the ironclad CSS Albemarle using a \"spar torpedo\"—an explosive device mounted on a long pole and detonated underwater. Two years later in Austria, the British engineer Robert Whitehead developed a compressed air \"automotive\" torpedo; capable of 6–8 knots (3.1–4.1 m/s) over a distance of 200–400 yards (180–370 m). The threat a small, fast, torpedo–delivering ship could pose to the battle line became clear to navies around the world; giving birth to the torpedo boat, including USS Cushing of the United States Navy.\nDuring the Spanish–American War, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt wrote Spanish torpedo boat destroyers (such as the 370-ton Furor) were \"the only real menace\" to the fleet blockading Santiago, and pushed for the acquisition of torpedo boats and torpedo boat destroyers. As President, Theodore Roosevelt continued to pay close attention to naval affairs, including the expansion of the Navy's fleet of destroyers.\nIn 1898 Congress authorized 16 torpedo boat destroyers, which would join the fleet by 1903. The first torpedo boat destroyers, the Bainbridge class, featured two torpedo tubes and two 3-inch (76 mm) guns, displ", "is_supporting": true } ]	What does the acronym SEAL refer to in relation to the operator from the destroyer class of the USS Venus seals operator?	[ { "id": 433054, "question": "USS Venus >> operator", "answer": "United States Navy", "paragraph_support_idx": 0 }, { "id": 831637, "question": "list of destroyer classes of #1 >> operator", "answer": "U.S. Navy", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 91775, "question": "what does seal stand for in #2 seals", "answer": "Sea, Air, and Land", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 } ]	Sea, Air, and Land	[]	true	What does seal stand for in who is the operator of destroyer class of the operator of the USS Venus seals?
3hop2__230_89048_66294	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "The Jacksons: An American Dream", "paragraph_text": " Off the Wall and Thriller, the commercial mishap that caused his hair to ignite, and his legendary Motown 25 performance of \"Billie Jean\", as well as confronting his difficult relationship with his estranged father in the 1980s.\nMichael Jackson's voice is heard on: \"Beat It\", \"Human Nature\", \"Billie Jean\", \"I Want You Back\", \"I Wanna Be Where You Are\", \"I'll Be There\", \"Rockin' Robin\", \"ABC\", and \"Dancing Machine\". On all other songs, the Michael Jackson vocal part is performed by Anthony Harrell, Jason Weaver or Kipp Lennon.\n\n\n== Cast ==\nLawrence Hilton Jacobs as Joe Jackson\nAngela Bassett as Katherine Jackson\nHolly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross\nMargLawrence Hilton - Jacobs - Joseph Jackson Angela Bassett - Katherine Jackson Holly Robinson Peete - Diana Ross Margaret Avery - Martha Scruse Billy Dee Williams - Berry Gordy Vanessa Williams - Suzanne de Passe Wylie Draper - Michael Jackson Abolade David Olatunde - Michael Jackson (baby) Alex Burrall - Michael Jackson (ages 6 -- 8) Jason Weaver - Michael Jackson (ages 9 -- 14) Colin Steele - Jermaine Jackson Jermaine Jackson II - Jermaine Jackson (ages 10 -- 17) Terrence Howard - Jackie Jackson Bumper Robinson - Jackie Jackson (ages 12 -- 16) Monica Calhoun - Rebbie Jackson Ebonie Smith - La Toya Jackson Kelli Martin - La Toya Jackson (ages 8 -- 10) Angel Vargas - Tito Jackson Shakiem Jamar Evans - Tito Jackson (ages 11 -- 15) Maya Nicole Johnson - Janet Jackson Monica Allison - Hazel Gordy Robert Redcross - Randy Jackson Nicolas Phillips - Randy Jackson (age 7 - 9) Marcus Maurice - Marlon Jackson Floyd Myers, Jr. - Marlon Jackson (age 7 - 9) Jacen Wilkerson - Marlon Jackson (ages 10 -- 15) the performances of Hilton-Jacobs and Bassett received widespread acclaim.\n\n\n== Plot ==\nThe opening sequence of the film features footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing and performing on stage, a few clips from the \"Can You Feel It\" music video, album covers, magazine covers, a snippet from their cartoon", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 3, "title": "Is She Really Going Out with Him?", "paragraph_text": "``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first single released by British musician Joe Jackson in September 1978. The track, which was to achieve greater commercial success when reissued in 1979, was included on Jackson's debut album, Look Sharp!.``Is She Really Going Out with Him? ''is the first", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Beyoncé", "paragraph_text": " 2013, Beyoncé sold 2.3 million copies worldwide, finishing the year as the tenth-best-selling album globally, according to the IFPI. The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the public to spend time with her daughter and to begin sessions for her next album. She resumed work in early 2013, performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at President Barack Obama's second inauguration and headlining the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, where there were expectations she would debut new music, although these rumors never materialized. She also released a self-directed autobiographical documentary in February, entitled Life Is But a Dream.\n\nIn March 2013, a two-part hip hop track entitled \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was released onto Beyoncé's SoundCloud account. \"Bow Down\", produced by Hit-Boy, was written after Beyoncé woke up one morning with a chant stuck in her head, feeling angry and defensive. This was melded with a Timbaland-produced second half \"I Been On\" that makes prominent use of a pitch-distorted vocal as a homage to the Houston hip hop scene. Michael Cragg of The Guardian described the song as \"brilliantly odd\", commending its loud, abrasive production, while Pitchfork's Lindsay Zoladz noted the song's assertiveness and believed it served as an introduction of what was to come. \"Bow Down/I Been On\" was perceived as a significant departure from Beyoncé's existing catalogue, particularly for its aggressive nature. The song's atmosphere and its controversial \"Bow down, bitches\" refrain drew a mixed reaction from those who questioned whether the lyric was aimed at women or merely a moment of braggadocio. Beyoncé clarified after the album's release, where elements of \"Bow Down\" appear on the track \"Flawless\", that the song and its refrain were intended as a statement of female empowerment.\nNeither Beyoncé or her representatives commented on the release of \"Bow Down/I Been On\", and many journalists questioned the nature of its release in the context of the release of her upcoming album. Further confusion was created when portions of other tracks \"Grown Woman\" and \"Standing on the Sun\" were used for television advertising campaigns, with a similar lack of explanation as to their purpose. Through much of 2013, the media intermittently reported that the album was delayed or scrapped, with one story alleging Beyoncé had scrapped fifty songs in favor of starting again. In July 2013, a spokesperson for Beyoncé denied speculation that her album had been delayed, stating there was no official release date to begin with and that when a date is set, it would be announced via an official press release. There was considerable confusion among music journalists and fans as Beyoncé engaged in extensive touring, while not discussing the album or its release.\n\n\n== Recording and production ==\nThe original plan was to create the entire album in a month and a half, but in the end it took a year and a half. Beyoncé rented a 40-bedroom mansion for the recording process. Recording sessions began in the summer of 2012 in the Hamptons, New York, where Beyoncé and her husband Jay-Z were living. She invited the \"world's best\" producers and songwriters to accompany them, including Sia, Timbaland, Eric Bellinger, Benny Blanco, Ryan Tedder, Justin Timberlake and The-Dream. Beyoncé described the atmosphere as unconventional, saying, \"we had dinners with the producers every day, like a family ... it was like a camp. Weekends off. You could go and jump in the pool and ride bikes ... the ocean and grass and sunshine ... it was really a safe place.\" She would spend the majority of her day with her newborn daughter, taking some hours out to record music. The album's opening track \"Pretty Hurts\", co-written by Sia, was completed during these sessions. The project was suspended until 2013 and relocated to Jungle City and Oven Studios in New York City, where most of the album was recorded. In an interview for Vogue in January 2013, Jason Gay described Beyoncé's attention to detail as \"obsessive\"Beyoncé names Michael Jackson as her major musical influence. Aged five, Beyoncé attended her first ever concert where Jackson performed and she claims to have realised her purpose. When she presented him with a tribute award at the World Music Awards in 2006, Beyoncé said, \"if it wasn't for Michael Jackson, I would never ever have performed.\" She admires Diana Ross as an \"all-around entertainer\" and Whitney Houston, who she said \"inspired me to get up there and do what she did.\" She credits Mariah Carey's singing and her song \"Vision of Love\" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal runs as a child. Her other musical influences include Aaliyah, Prince, Lauryn Hill, Sade Adu, Donna Summer, Mary J. Blige, Janet Jackson, Anita Baker and Rachelle Ferrell. electronic and soul music. Throughout this period, the album's songs and videos were composed in strict secrecy as Beyoncé devised an unexpected release. Beyoncé's desire to assert her full artistic freedom served as inspiration for the album's dark, personal subject matter, which incorporated feminist themes of sex, monogamy, beauty standards and relationship problems.\nBeyoncé was released digitally on the iTunes Store, early in the day and without prior announcement or promotion, and debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200, earning Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album on the chart. The album sold over 617,000 copies in the United States and 828,773 copies worldwide in its first three days of sales, becoming the fastest-selling album in the history of the iTunes Store up to that point. In the 19 days between the album's release and the end of 2013, Beyoncé sold 2.3 million copies worldwide, finishing the year as the tenth-best-selling album globally, according to the IFPI. The album has sold over 5 million copies worldwide. The album was supported on two tours: the 2014 leg of The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour, and the Jay-Z co-headlining On the Run Tour.\nUnlike some of the artist's previous albums, Beyoncé did not score several hit singles. Five US singles were released from the album, one would reach the top twenty of the US Billboard Hot 100, the number two peaking \"Drunk in Love\", featuring Jay-Z. The album received several positive reviews from critics for its production, exploration of sexuality, and vocal performance. In 2020, Beyoncé was ranked 81st in Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list.\n\n\n== Background and development ==\nFollowing the release of her fourth studio album 4 (2011), Beyoncé gave birth to her first child, Blue Ivy on January 7, 2012. Just four months after labor, she pursued a three-night residency at Revel Atlantic City's Ovation Hall, entitled Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live. The choice to hold concerts so soon was purposeful; Beyoncé intended to demonstrate to mothers that they need not halt their careers despite having had children. Most of the summer following the residency was spent in The Hamptons, New York, where she took time out from the public to spend time with her daughter and to begin sessions for her next album. She resumed work in early 2013, performing \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" at", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who portrayed the vocalist in the film about the artist that performed at the first concert Beyonce ever went to, in the song 'Is She Really Going Out With Him'?	[ { "id": 230, "question": "What was Beyoncé's first concert?", "answer": "Michael Jackson", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 }, { "id": 89048, "question": "who sang is she really going out with him", "answer": "Joe Jackson", "paragraph_support_idx": 3 }, { "id": 66294, "question": "who played #2 in the #1 movie", "answer": "Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 } ]	Lawrence Hilton - Jacobs	[]	true	Who played the singer of is She Really Going Out With Him in the movie based on the artist whose concert was the first Beyonce attended?
2hop__332453_139339	[ { "idx": 5, "title": "The Accidental Husband", "paragraph_text": " in Red Dawn (2012), and Agent Harvey Russell in Rampage (2018).\n\n\n== Early life ==\nMorgan was born in Seattle, Washington to Sandy Thomas and Richard Dean Morgan. He grew up in Kirkland, Washington and attended Ben Franklin Elementary School and Rose Hill Junior High. He graduated from Lake Washington High School in 1984 and briefly attended Skagit Valley College to pursue a career in basketball. Following a leg injury that ended his hope of becoming a professional player, he left school to pursue his other interests such as painting and writing. While helping a friend move from Seattle to Los Angeles, intending only to stay for a weekend, he decided to live there permanently to pursue acting. \"I fell into acting, found out I had a little talent and pursued it.\"\n\n\n== Career ==\nStarting with Uncaged (1991), Morgan has appeared in over 25 feature films. However, the bulk of his work has been in television. He was a major character in the 1996–97 television series The Burning Zone, appearing in eleven of its nineteen episodes.\nIn 2005 and 2006, Morgan simultaneously appeared in three television series: in the CW series Supernatural as John Winchester, in a recurring role on ABC's Grey's Anatomy as heart transplant patient Denny Duquette, and as Judah Botwin in two episodes of the Showtime series Weeds. He has also guest-starred in a number of television series, including ER, JAG, Walker, Texas Ranger, Angel, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Sliders, The O.C. and Monk. In 2007, Morgan was cast in a proposed project by Grey's Anatomy creator Shonda Rhimes. The series, tentatively titled \"Correspondents\", was to have started production in summer 2007. ABC instead picked up a spin-off of Grey's Anatomy, called Private Practice, thatThe Accidental Husband is a 2008 American romantic comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne, and starring Uma Thurman, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Colin Firth, Isabella Rossellini, and Sam Shepard. The film was written by Mimi Hare, Clare Naylor and Bonnie Sikowitz, and is produced by Jennifer Todd, Jason Blum, and Uma Thurman. It was theatrically released in the UK in 2008, but was released direct-to-DVD in the United States.JThe Accidental Husband is a 2008 American romantic comedy film directed by Griffin Dunne, and starring Uma Thurman, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Colin Firth, Isabella Rossellini, and Sam Shepard. The film was written by Mimi Hare, Clare Naylor and Bonnie Sikowitz, and is produced by Jennifer Todd, Jason Blum, and Uma Thurman. It was theatrically released in the UK in 2008, but was released direct-to-DVD in the United States. Duquette in the ABC medical drama series Grey's Anatomy (2006–2009), Jason Crouse in the CBS political", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Griffin Dunne", "paragraph_text": " drama.\nGriffin met Dominick Dunne in Hartford, Connecticut. They were married in 1954 at Griffin's family ranchIn 1995, Griffin Dunne was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for \"Duke of Groove\", which he directed and co-wrote. He shared the nomination with producer Thom Colwell. Along with his producing partner, actress/producer Amy Robinson, he has produced several films including \"Baby It's You\", \"After Hours\", \"Running on Empty\" and \"Game 6\" through their company, Double Play Productions.erba Buena Ranch outside Tucson, Arizona. Her parents were Thomas Francis Griffin and Beatriz Sandoval Griffin. Thomas Francis Griffin was a wealthy Irish American industrialist, part owner and executive of Griffin Wheel Company of Chicago, Illinois. Her mother Beatriz Sandoval was Mexican from Nogales, Sonora. She attended Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut, Briarcliff College, and the University of Arizona, where she studied drama.\nGriffin met Dominick Dunne in Hartford, Connecticut. They were married in 1954 at Griffin's family ranch in Arizona and lived in New York City before relocating to Beverly Hills. Of their five children, two died in infancy. Among their children were Dominique Dunne and Griffin Dunne. The couple divorced in 1965.\n\n\n== Death of Dominique Dunne and founding of Justice for Homicide Victims ==\n\nThe couple's daughter, actress Dominique Dunne, was murdered by ex-boyfriend John Sweeney at her home in October 1982. He strangled her and attempted to kill himself. Actor David Packer, with whom Dunne was rehearsing for the miniseries V, found Sweeney trying to resuscitate Dunne, before attempting to kill himself by overdosing on pills. Sweeney was arrested and Dunne was transported to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. She was placed on life support immediately and never recovered. She was removed from life support by her parents on November 4, 1982.\nOn September 21, 1983, Sweeney was acquitted of second-degree murder, but he was convicted of voluntary manslaughter. Dunne's family protested the verdict as an \"injustice.\"\nOne year later, Dunne and Marcella Leach founded California Center for Family Survivors of Homicide, a victim's rights group. Now known as Justice for Homicide Victims, the organization supports victims of homicide with legal support and navigation, counseling and referrals, and financial assistance.\nIn 1989, Dunne was awarded the Crime Victims Award by Dick Thornburgh. Her work was also recognized by then-President George H. W. Bush at the White House.\n\n\n== Later life ==\nEllen Dunne had multiple sclerosis starting in the early 1980s. In 1990, she left Beverly Hills and relocated to Nogales, where she built a 5,500-square-foot home on the site of her parents' former ranch. She died on January 9, 1997, shortly before her 65th birthday.\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n=== Footnotes ===\n\n\n=== Sources ===\nDunne, Dominick (2009). Justice: Crimes, Trials, and Punishments. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-55722-3.\n\n\n== External links ==\nEllen Beatriz Griffin Dunne at Find a Grave\nEllen Griffin Dunne at IMDb\nJustice for Homicide VictimsEllen Beatriz Griffin Dunne (January 28, 1932 – January 9, 1997) was an American activist. After the death of her daughter, Dominique Dunne, Dunne founded Justice for Homicide Victims. In 1989, she was recognized for her advocacy work by President George H. W. Bush.\n\n\n== Early life and marriage ==\nGriffin was born on January 28, 1932, on Yerba Buena Ranch outside Tucson, Arizona. Her parents were Thomas Francis Griffin and Beatriz Sandoval Griffin. Thomas Francis Griffin was a wealthy Irish American industrialist, part owner and executive of Griffin Wheel Company of Chicago, Illinois. Her mother Beatriz Sandoval was Mexican from Nogales, Sonora. She attended Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut, Briarcliff College, and the University of Arizona, where she studied drama.\nGriffin met Dominick Dunne in Hartford, Connecticut. They were married in 1954 at Griffin's family ranch in Arizona and lived in New York City before relocating to Beverly Hills. Of their five children, two died in infancy. Among their children were Dominique Dunne and Griffin Dunne. The couple divorced in 1965.\n\n\n== Death of Dominique Dunne and founding of Justice for Homicide Victims ==\n\nThe couple's daughter, actress Dominique Dunne, was murdered by ex-boyfriend John Sweeney at her home in October 1982. He strangled her and attempted to kill himself. Actor David Packer, with whom Dunne was rehearsing for the miniseries V, found Sweeney trying to resuscitate Dunne, before attempting to kill himself by overdosing on pills. Sweeney was arrested and Dunne was transported to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. She was placed on life support immediately and never recovered. She was removed from life support by her parents on November 4, 1982.\nOn September 21, 1983", "is_supporting": true } ]	For what nomination was the director of The Accidental Husband recognized?	[ { "id": 332453, "question": "The Accidental Husband >> director", "answer": "Griffin Dunne", "paragraph_support_idx": 5 }, { "id": 139339, "question": "What was #1 nominated for?", "answer": "Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]	Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film	[]	true	What was the director of The Accidental Husband nominated for?
4hop1__342858_131850_33952_33939	[ { "idx": 1, "title": "Yuma County Library District", "paragraph_text": " establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board ofThe Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in 2009. The Yuma Carnegie library still operates today as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma. as the Heritage Branch Library in downtown Yuma.\nEach library features books, magazines, newspapers, reference materials, CDs, DVDs, Internet access, printing, and copying services. Programs and classes for all ages are offered throughout the year, including storytimes, summer reading, technology training and assistance, and topics of local interest.\n\n\n== Background ==\nThe Library District's mission statement is \"Yuma County Library District is your center for information, community enrichment, recreational reading, and lifelong learning.\" Its official slogan is \"Your Information Connection.\"\nThe County Board of Supervisors serves as the Library District Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is the five elected members of the Yuma County Board of Supervisors. They appoint the Library District Director, establish salaries, approve contracts and the annual budget, and review and approve all policies for the Library District. Since the Library District is a special taxing district, the Board of Directors has the authority to set the Library District’s tax rate.\nThe Board of Trustees consists of nine members who are appointed by the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors. Board of Trustee positions are honorary and without compensation. Their primary function is to promote the development and improvement of Library District services. The Trustees recommend library policies to the Yuma County Library District Board of Directors.\nThe Library District is primarily funded by real property taxes.The Yuma County Library District serves the population of Yuma County, Arizona. Today the library district consists of the nearly 80,000 square foot Main Library located in Yuma as well as branches in downtown Yuma, the Foothills, Somerton, San Luis, Wellton, Dateland, and Roll. The first Yuma Library, a Carnegie library, opened February 24, 1921 with 1,053 volumes and seating for 20 persons. Located in Sunset Park, the Yuma Carnegie Library underwent several expansions and renovations over the years, including a $4.2 million renovation completed in ", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 8, "title": "Yuma, Colorado", "paragraph_text": " \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities and towns\nColorado municipalities\nColorado counties\nYuma County, Colorado\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nOfficial website\nCDOT map of the City of Yuma\nGoYuma.com\nThe Yuma PioneerYuma is a home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,456 at the 2020 census.\n\n\n== History ==\nA post office in Yuma has been in operation since 1885. The community was named after a Native American named Yuma who worked for the railroad, died and was buried near the town site. \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma isThe City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census.YThe City of Yuma is a Home Rule Municipality that is the most populous city in Yuma County, Colorado, United States. The population was 3,524 at the 2010 census. post office in Yuma has been in operation since 1885. The community was named after a Native American named Yuma who worked for the railroad, died and was buried near the town site. \nOn August 8, 2023, a tornado touched down near the town, damaging farms.\nThe Yuma School's mascot is the Outlaws.\n\n\n== Geography ==\nAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1 square mile (2.6 km2), of which 1 square mile (2.6 km2) is land and 0.41% is water. Yuma is 27 miles from the nearest city, Wray.\n\n\n=== Climate ===\n\n\n== Demographics ==\n\n\n== Gallery ==\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nOutline of Colorado\nIndex of Colorado-related articles\nState of Colorado\nColorado cities", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 14, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": " Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico from Mexico under the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. Tucson served as the capital of the Arizona Territory from 1867 to 1877. Tucson was Arizona's largest city by population during the territorial period and early statehood, until it was surpassed by Phoenix by 1920. Nevertheless, its population growth remained strong during the late 20th century. Tucson was the first American city to be designated a \"City of Gastronomy\" by UNESCO in 2015.\nThe Spanish name of theTucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in the United States. A major city in the Arizona Sun Corridor, Tucson is the largest city in southern Arizona, the second largest in the state after Phoenix. It is also the largest city in the area of the Gadsden Purchase. As of 2015, The Greater Tucson Metro area has exceeded a population of 1 million. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Tucson, Arizona", "paragraph_text": " when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United StatesBy 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson after the war, due to the clean dry air. Over the following years the city continued to grow, with the population increasing to 20,292 in 1920 and 36,818 in 1940. In 2006 the population of Pima County, in which Tucson is located, passed one million while the City of Tucson's population was 535,000. (174 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (100 km) north of the United States–Mexico border.\nMajor incorporated suburbs of Tucson include Oro Valley and Marana northwest of the city, Sahuarita south of the city, and South Tucson in an enclave south of downtown. Communities in the vicinity of Tucson (some within or overlapping the city limits) include Casas Adobes, Catalina Foothills, Flowing Wells, Midvale Park, Tanque Verde, Tortolita, and Vail. Towns outside the Tucson metropolitan area include Three Points, Benson to the southeast, Catalina and Oracle to the north, and Green Valley to the south.\nTucson was founded as a military fort by the Spanish when Hugo O'Conor authorized the construction of Presidio San Agustín del Tucsón in 1775. It was included in the state of Sonora after Mexico gained independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821. The United States acquired a 29,670 square miles (76,840 km2) region of present-day southern Arizona", "is_supporting": true } ]	What was the headcount in the year 1900 for the city ranked second largest in the American state housing the county's Library District inclusive of Yuma?	[ { "id": 342858, "question": "Yuma >> located in the administrative territorial entity", "answer": "Yuma County", "paragraph_support_idx": 8 }, { "id": 131850, "question": "Which state is #1 Library District located?", "answer": "Arizona", "paragraph_support_idx": 1 }, { "id": 33952, "question": "What is the second largest city in #2 ?", "answer": "Tucson", "paragraph_support_idx": 14 }, { "id": 33939, "question": "What was #3 's population in 1900?", "answer": "7,531", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]	7,531	[]	true	What was the population in 1900 of the second largest city in the US state having the Library District of the county containing Yuma?
3hop1__132795_40769_64047	[ { "idx": 7, "title": "TMG EV P001", "paragraph_text": "2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for an electric vehicle at the Nürburgring Nordschleife of 7mins 47.794secs.\n\n\n== See also ==\nToyota TS030 Hybrid\n\n\n== References ==The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a 350 kg (772 lb) lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.\nTMG's performance claims include a top speed of 260 km/h (162 mph), 0–50 km/h (31 mph) in 1.8 seconds, and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. \nIn August 2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for an electric vehicle at the Nürburgring Nordschleife of 7mins 47.794secs.\n\n\n== See also ==\nToyota TS030 Hybrid\n\n\n== References ==The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a 350 kg (772 lb) lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.\nTMG's performance claims include a top speed of 260 km/h (162 mph), 0–50 km/h (31 mph) in 1.8 seconds, and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. \nIn August 2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for an electric vehicle at the Nürburgring Nordschleife of 7mins 47.794secs.\n\n\n== See also ==\nToyota TS030 Hybrid\n\n\n== References ==The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a 350 kg (772 lb) lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.\nTMG's performance claims include a top speed of 260 km/h (162 mph), 0–50 km/h (31 mph) in 1.8 seconds, and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. \nIn August 2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for an electric vehicle at the Nürburgring Nordschleife of 7mins 47.794secs.\n\n\n== See also ==\nToyota TS030 Hybrid\n\n\n== References ==The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a 350 kg (772 lb) lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.\nTMG's performance claims include a top speed of 260 km/h (162 mph), 0–50 km/h (31 mph) in 1.8 seconds, and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. \nIn August 2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for anThe TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.TheThe TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010. a customer in 2010.\nTMG's performance claims include a top speed of 260 km/h (162 mph), 0–50 km/h (31 mph) in 1.8 seconds, and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. \nIn August 2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for an electric vehicle at the Nürburgring Nordschleife of 7mins 47.794secs.\n\n\n== See also ==\nToyota TS030 Hybrid\n\n\n== References ==The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle developed by Toyota Motorsport GmbH. It is based on a Radical chassis as modified for e-Wolf, with two EVO Electric axial flux motors powered by a 350 kg (772 lb) lithium-ceramic battery pack. It was developed originally for a customer in 2010.\nTMG's performance claims include a top speed of 260 km/h (162 mph), 0–50 km/h (31 mph) in 1.8 seconds, and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.9 seconds. \nIn August 2011, driven by Jochen Krumbach, it set a new lap record for an electric vehicle at the Nürburgring Nordschleife of 7mins 47.794secs.\n\n\n== See also ==\nToyota TS030 Hybrid\n\n\n== References ==The TMG EV P001 is a road-legal electric vehicle", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 16, "title": "Lexus RX", "paragraph_text": " facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.A facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales forA facelift was designed through late 2010 and patented on 7 January 2011 under design registration number 001845801 - 0004. The facelift was unveiled at the March 2012 Geneva Motor Show with new wheels, interior colors, new head and tail lamps and new grilles. New LED running lights were introduced as well. The F Sport was introduced, with a honeycomb grille, 8 - speed automatic transmission, and a unique sporty interior. In the US, the new model uses the Lexus Enform telematics system, which includes the Safety Connect SOS system and Shazam tagging. Sales began worldwide in April 2012 for the RX 350 and RX 450h, with sales for the F - Sport variants starting in July of the same year.", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 17, "title": "1973 oil crisis", "paragraph_text": "Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands. lifted the embargo, but the price of oil had risen by nearly 300%: from US$3 per barrel ($19/m3) to nearly US$12 per barrel ($75/m3) globally. Prices in the United States were significantly higher than the global average. After it was implemented, the embargo caused an oil crisis, or \"shock\", with many short- and long-term effects on the global economy as well as on global politics. The 1973 embargo later came to be referred to as the \"first oil shock\" vis-à-vis the \"second oil shock\" that was the 1979 oil crisis, brought upon by the Iranian Revolution.\n\n\n== Background ==\n\n\n=== Arab-Israeli conflictSome buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury", "is_supporting": true } ]	When did the high-end branch of the TMG EV P001 manufacturing company modify the body design of the rx 350?	[ { "id": 132795, "question": "The TMG EV P001 was produced by whom?", "answer": "Toyota", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 }, { "id": 40769, "question": "Name a luxury division of #1 .", "answer": "Lexus", "paragraph_support_idx": 17 }, { "id": 64047, "question": "when did #2 rx 350 change body style", "answer": "Sales began worldwide in April 2012", "paragraph_support_idx": 16 } ]	Sales began worldwide in April 2012	[]	true	When did the luxury division of the company that produces TMG EV P001 change the body style of rx 350?
2hop__847433_11402	[ { "idx": 2, "title": "Census county division", "paragraph_text": " state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, a total of 5,191 CCDs were defined in 20 states.\n\nNorth Dakota briefly adopted CCDs for the 1970 Census, but soon returned to using MCDs for subsequent censuses. The main reason for abandoning CCDs was financial. As legal units of local government, MCDs could qualify for federal revenue sharing funds, while purely statistical areas like CCDs did not. In 2008, Tennessee changed from using CCDs to using MCDs, leaving 20 states using CCDs as of the 2010 census.\n\n\n== See also ==\nCensus-designated place\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nChapter 8A Census County Division (CCD) is a subdivision of a county used by the United States Census Bureau for the purpose of presenting statistical data. A CCD is a relatively permanent statistical area delineated cooperatively by the Census Bureau and state and local government authorities. CCDs are defined in 21 states that do not have well-defined and stable minor civil divisions (MCDs), such as townships, with local governmental purposes, or where the MCDs are deemed to be \"unsatisfactory for the collection, presentation, and analysis of census statistics\".A Census County Division (CCD) is a subdivision of a county used by the United States Census Bureau for the purpose of presenting statistical data. A CCD is a relatively permanent statistical area delineated cooperatively by the Census Bureau and state and local government authorities. CCDs are defined in 21 states that do not have well-defined and stable minor civil divisions (MCDs), such as townships, with local governmental purposes, or where the MCDs are deemed to be \"unsatisfactory for the collection, presentation, and analysis of census statistics\".CCDs are not governmental units and have no legal or governmental functions. Their boundaries usually follow visible features, such as roads, railroads, streams, power transmission lines, or mountain ridges, and coincide with the boundaries of census tracts. CCDs do not span county lines. Each CCD is given a name based on the name of the largest population center in the area, a prominent geographic feature, the county name, or another well-known local name that identifies its location.\nCCDs were first implemented for tabulation of 1950 Census data from the state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, a total of 5,191 CCDs were defined in 20 states.\n\nNorth Dakota briefly adopted CCDs for the 1970 Census, but soon returned to using MCDs for subsequent censuses. The main reason for abandoning CCDs was financial. As legal units of local government, MCDs could qualify for federal revenue sharing funds, while purely statistical areas like CCDs did not. In 2008, Tennessee changed from using CCDs to using MCDs, leaving 20 states using CCDs as of the 2010 census.\n\n\n== See also ==\nCensus-designated place\n\n\n== References ==\n\n\n== External links ==\n\nChapter 8A Census County Division (CCD) is a subdivision of a county used by the United States Census Bureau for the purpose of presenting statistical data. A CCD is a relatively permanent statistical area delineated cooperatively by the Census Bureau and state and local government authorities. CCDs are defined in 21 states that do not have well-defined and stable minor civil divisions (MCDs), such as townships, with local governmental purposes, or where the MCDs are deemed to be \"unsatisfactory for the collection, presentation, and analysis of census statistics\".A Census County Division (", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 7, "title": "Atlantic City, New Jersey", "paragraph_text": ", boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a yearAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%). Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a yearAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%).Atlantic City, sometimes referred to by its initials A.C., is a Jersey Shore seaside resort city in Atlantic County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey.\nAtlantic City comprises the second half of the Atlantic City-Hammonton metropolitan statistical area, which encompasses those cities and all of Atlantic County for statistical purposes. Both Atlantic City and Hammonton, as well as the surrounding Atlantic County, are culturally tied to Philadelphia and constitute part of the larger Philadelphia metropolitan area or Delaware Valley, the nation's seventh-largest metropolitan area as of 2020. \nLocated in South Jersey on Absecon Island and known for its taxis, casinos, nightlife, boardwalk, and Atlantic Ocean beaches and coastline, the city is prominently known as the \"Las Vegas of the East Coast\" and inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, which uses various Atlantic City street names and destinations in the game. New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City in 1976, and the first casino opened two years later. From 1921 to 2004, Atlantic City hosted the Miss America pageant, which later returned to the city from 2013 to 2018.\nAs of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 38,497, a decline of 1,061 (−2.7%) from the 2010 census count of 39,558, which in turn reflected a decrease of 959 (−2.4%) from the 40,517 counted in the 2000 census.\nThe city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township. It is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine, Egg Harbor Township, Galloway Township, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, and the Atlantic Ocean.\n\n\n== History ==\n\nPrior to Atlantic City's founding, the region served as a summer home for the Lenape, a Native American tribe. While the precise date of European settlement in present-day Atlantic City is not precisely determined, it is commonly thought that it was in 1783, when Jeremiah Leeds built and occupied a year-round home there.\n\n\n=== 19th century ===\nIn 1850, present-day Atlantic City was developed into a resort town. Three years later, in early 1853, it was named \"Atlantic City\".\nBecause of its location in South Jersey, which hugs the Atlantic Ocean between marshlands and islands, Atlantic City was viewed by developers as prime real estate and a potential resort town. In 1853, the first commercial hotel, the Belloe House, was built at the intersection of Massachusetts and Atlantic Avenues.\nThe city was incorporated in 1854, the same year train service began on the Camden and Atlantic Railroad. Built on the edge of the bay, this served as the direct link of this remote parcel of land with Philadelphia, the second-most populous city in the United States at the time and the largest city in Pennsylvania. The same year, construction of the Absecon Lighthouse, designed by George Meade of the Corps of Topographical Engineers, was approved, with work initiated the next year.\nBy 1874, almost 500,000 passengers a year were coming to Atlantic City by rail. In Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times, and Corruption of Atlantic City, \"Atlantic City's Godfather\" Nelson Johnson describes the inspiration of Jonathan Pitney (the \"Father of Atlantic City\") to develop Atlantic City as a health resort, his efforts to convince the municipal authorities that a railroad to the beach would be beneficial, his successful alliance with Samuel Richards (entrepreneur and member of the most influential family in southern New Jersey at the time) to achieve that goal, the actual building of the railroad, and the experience of the first 600 riders, who \"were chosen carefully by Samuel Richards and Jonathan Pitney\":\n\nAfter arriving in Atlantic City, a second train brought the visitors", "is_supporting": true } ]	What is the overall area measured in square miles as per the county census division organization?	[ { "id": 847433, "question": "census county division >> creator", "answer": "United States Census Bureau", "paragraph_support_idx": 2 }, { "id": 11402, "question": "According to #1 , what is the total area in square miles?", "answer": "17.037 square miles", "paragraph_support_idx": 7 } ]	17.037 square miles	[]	true	According to the organization that creates census county division, what is the total area in square miles?
2hop__95794_55227	[ { "idx": 10, "title": "Here Comes the Boom", "paragraph_text": " also was nominated for a People's Choice Award in 2017 for his role on the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2016–2018). James also had several dramatic roles, including The Dilemma (2011) Little Boy (2015) and Becky (2020).\n\n\n== Early life ==\nKevin George Knipfing was born in Mineola, New York, on April 26, 1965, to American office worker Janet Klein and German-American insurance agency owner Joseph Valentine Knipfing Jr. He grew up in Stony Brook, New York. He has a sister named Leslie and an older brother named Gary, who also became a comedian and actor (adopting the stage name Gary Valentine). The siblings were raised Catholic. James graduated from Ward Melville High School, where he reached the top position on the wrestling team, one spot above his friend and future professional wrestler Mick Foley. Both wrestled in the Heavyweight weight class. When James suffered a season-ending back injury, Foley took over the first string position. Both men went on to study at the State University of New York at Cortland, where James played halfback on the varsity football team until another back injury permanently ended his sporting ambitions.\n\n\n== Career ==\n\n\n=== Stand-up ===\n\nJames began doing stand-up comedy in 1989, making his debut at Richie Minervini's East Side Comedy Club on Long Island. He also started performing comedy with a troupe at the club, during which time he adopted \"James\" as his stage surname in honor of his favorite school teacher. He gained popularity through numerous appearances on various talk shows, including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Dennis Miller Live, The Late Late Show, The Rosie O'Donnell Show, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, and Live with Regis and Kathie Lee. James was listed at No. 76 on Comedy Central's list of the 100 Greatest Stand-Up Comedians. James has also done his stand-up routine on Just for Laughs, an annual comedy festival in Montreal, Quebec. Later he was on commercials for Mazzio's Italian Eatery. In 2001, James did his own stand-up special called Kevin James: Sweat the Small Stuff. He has also appeared as a musical guest on Just for Laughs. In 2018, James released another stand-up special on Netflix called Kevin James: Never Don't Give Up. In 2024, James released his third special on Amazon Prime Video called Kevin James: Irregardless.\n\n\n=== Television ===\nJames' first television job was in 1991 on The New Candid Camera, where he used his comedy timing and improvisation skills playing the actor that pulled practical jokes on unsuspecting people. He appeared in A&E's An Evening at the Improv in 1994. James appeared on television as the announcer for the MTV sports game show SandBlast from 1994 to 1996.\nJames later moved to Los Angeles and befriended Ray Romano, and he guest-starred on a few episodes of Romano's hit CBS sitcom, Everybody Loves Raymond. These appearances led to the development of his own sitcom, The King of Queens, which ran on the same network from September 21, 1998, to May 14, 2007, James played working class parcel delivery man Doug Heffernan who works for a company known as IPS. He is married to Carrie (Leah Remini), a sharp-tongued, ambitious secretary at a Manhattan law firm who is far less content with working-class life in Queens. Her obsessive, vindictive father, Arthur (Jerry Stiller), who is prone toward bizarre conduct, lives with them. For his work on the eighth season, James was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2006.\nJames hosted the 2010 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards on March 27, 2010. He was nominated to be the inaugural member of the \"Arm Fart Hall of Fame\" in the following year's show, with host Jack Black calling him Kevin \"Not-Quite-As-Good-As-Me\" James. He and fellow nominee Kaley Cuoco lost in fan voting to Josh Duhamel.\nJames starred in the sitcom Kevin Can Wait, which premiered on September 19, 2016. The series was renewed for a second season, before being canceled at the season's end.\nIn 2021, James released a new show on Netflix called The Crew. It was canceled after one season.\nJames is set to portray John Daly, in the upcoming series.\n\n\n=== Film ===\n\nAfter a cameo in 50 First Dates in 2004, James made his starring film debut in the 2005 romantic comedy Hitch, alongside Will Smith and Eva Mendes. In 2006, he co-starred with his Everybody Loves Raymond colleague Ray Romano in the straight-to-video comedy Grilled, and provided voice work in the animated films Monster House and Barnyard. James co-starred with Adam Sandler in the comedies I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (Here Comes the Boom is a 2012 American comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by and starring Kevin James. It was also written by Allan Loeb and Rock Reuben with music by Rupert Gregson-Williams. The film co-stars Henry Winkler and Salma Hayek. It was produced by Happy Madison Productions. The film was released in the United States on October 12, 2012 by Columbia Pictures. The film's title is taken from the song \"Boom\" by Christian nu metal band P.O.D. appearance in 50 First Dates, and the following year co-starred in Hitch with Will Smith. He went on to star in I Now Pronounce You Chuck & Larry (2007), Paul Blart: Mall Cop (2009), Grown Ups (2010), Zookeeper (2011), Here Comes the Boom (2012), and Pixels (2015). He has also done voice work for Monster House, Barnyard (both 2006), and the first three films of the Hotel Transylvania franchise (2012–2018). He also was nominated for a People's Choice Award in 2017 for his role on the CBS sitcom Kevin Can Wait (2016–2018). James also had several dramatic roles, including The Dilemma (2011) Little Boy (2015) and Becky (2020).\n\n\n== Early life ==\nKevin George Knipfing was born in Mineola, New York, on April 26, 1965, to American office worker Janet", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 15, "title": "Grown Ups (film)", "paragraph_text": " 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at -In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek), and his three children -- daughter Becky (Alexys Nicole Sanchez) and two sons Greg (Jake Goldberg) and Keith (Cameron Boyce). The boys act very spoiled in his vicinity, much to his annoyance. Eric (Kevin James) claims he is now a co-owner of a lawn furniture company, but is disappointed in his wife Sally (Maria Bello) for continuing to breastfeed Bean (Morgan Gingerich), one of his two children, the other being Donna (Ada - Nicole Sanger). Kurt (Chris Rock) is a stay - at - home father with two children, Andre and Charlotte (Nadji Jeter and China Anne McClain). His wife Deanne (Maya Rudolph), the primary breadwinner of the family, is pregnant with another child and shares the house with her mother (Ebony Jo - Ann). Rob (Rob Schneider), nicknamed Carrot, has been divorced three times and holds custody of his daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget (Madison Riley, Jamie Chung, and Ashley Loren). His current wife, Gloria (Joyce Van Patten), is 30 years older than him. Marcus (David Spade) is a slacker and lothario. All five friends regularly harass each other in comedic fashion throughout the film: Lenny for being rich, Eric for being overweight, Kurt for being skinny and useless, Rob for his continuous use of the joke`` Maize!'' and for having a much older wife, and Marcus for being sexually juvenile.In 1978, five childhood friends win their junior high school basketball championship. Afterwards, they celebrate at a rented lake house. The friends' coach, whom they nickname ``Buzzer ''(Blake Clark), encourages them to live their lives in a similar way to how they played the game. Thirty years later, Lenny (Adam Sandler) has become an ambitious Hollywood talent agent with his wife, fashion designer Roxanne (Salma Hayek", "is_supporting": true } ]	Who is the spouse of the actor from Grown Ups who also featured in Here Comes the Boom?	[ { "id": 95794, "question": "Who has acted in the film Here Comes the Boom?", "answer": "Kevin James", "paragraph_support_idx": 10 }, { "id": 55227, "question": "who plays #1 wife in the movie grown ups", "answer": "Maria Bello", "paragraph_support_idx": 15 } ]	Maria Bello	[]	true	In Grown Ups, who is married to the actor who also starred in Here Comes the Boom?
2hop__501624_181960	[ { "idx": 4, "title": "The Mud Bath", "paragraph_text": " immune system, while the minerals in the mud are believed to have a range of healing properties. Mud baths are also said to help detoxify the body, ease muscle pain and tension, and promote healthy skin.\nA 2021 systematic review of studies which investigated the effect of mud baths on osteoarthritis concluded that mud bath therapy \"cannot substitute for conventional therapy\" but can be used in addition to it as \"treatment with mud-bath therapy may relieve pain, stiffness and improve functional status in patients\".\nIn addition to the physical benefits, mud baths are also believed to have a relaxing and rejuvenating effect on the mind. Many people find that the warm, soothing sensation of the mud helps to reduce stress and promote a sense of well-being.\nMud baths can be found at spas and resorts all over the world, from California to Italy to Japan. Some of the most famous mud bath destinations include Calistoga Spa Hot Springs in California's Napa Valley, where visitors can soak in natural hot springs surrounded by picturesque vineyards, and the Dead Sea in Israel, where the high salt content of the water and mud is said to have a range of therapeutic benefits.\nMud baths come from many sources: \n\nLakes (e.g., Lake Techirghiol in Romania and Käina Bay in Estonia)\nSaltwater sea (e.g., Dead Sea in Jordan and Israel (West Bank)\nHot springs (e.g., Calistoga, Napa Valley, California)\nMud volcano (e.g., Tiga Island, Malaysia, El Totumo, Colombia, Gurjaani, Georgia)\n\n\n== See also ==\n\nBalneotherapy\nBath salts\nHeubad\nMud wrap\nPeloid\nWallowing\n\n\n== References ==A mud bath is a therapeutic spa treatment that involves soaking in a bath of warm mud, oftenThe Mud Bath is a 1914 oil-on-canvas painting by David Bomberg. The work is considered a masterpiece of Bomberg's work in this period. Bomberg was a founder member of the London Group, and the painting is considered a leading example of Vorticism, although Bomberg resisted being described as a Vorticist.AThe Mud Bath is a 1914 oil-on-canvas painting by David Bomberg. The work is considered a masterpiece of Bomberg's work in this period. Bomberg was a founder member of the London Group, and the painting is considered a leading example of Vorticism, although Bomberg resisted being described as a Vorticist. mineral-rich clay and water, which is heated to a comfortable temperature. The mud is then applied to the body, and the person is left to soak in the mud for a period of time, typically around 15-20 minutes.\nThe benefits of mud baths are allegedly numerous. The heat of the mud helps to increase blood flow and stimulate the immune system, while the minerals in the mud are believed to have a range of healing properties. Mud baths are also said to help detoxify the body, ease muscle pain and tension, and promote healthy skin.\nA 2021 systematic review of studies which investigated the effect of mud baths on osteoarthritis concluded that mud bath therapy \"cannot substitute for conventional therapy\" but can be used in addition to it as \"treatment with mud-bath therapy may relieve pain, stiffness and improve functional status in patients\".\nIn addition to the physical benefits, mud baths are also believed to have a relaxing and rejuvenating effect on the mind. Many people find that the warm, soothing sensation of the mud helps to reduce", "is_supporting": true }, { "idx": 11, "title": "David Bomberg", "paragraph_text": " Cliff Holden, Edna Mann, Dorothy Mead, Gustav Metzger, Dennis Creffield, Cecil Bailey, and Miles Richmond. David Bomberg House, one of the student halls of residences at London South Bank University, is named inBomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and sometimes overlaying the whole painting a strong grid-work colouring scheme. He was expelled from the Slade School of Art in 1913, with agreement between the senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time.DBomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and sometimes overlaying the whole painting a strong grid-work colouring scheme. He was expelled from the Slade School of Art in 1913, with agreement between the senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time.3, with agreement between senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time.\nWhether because his faith in the machine age had been shattered by his experiences as a private soldier in the trenches or because of the pervasive retrogressive attitude towards modernism in Britain Bomberg moved to a more figurative style in the 1920s and his work became increasingly dominated by portraits and landscapes drawn from nature. Gradually developing a more expressionist technique, he travelled widely through the Middle East and Europe.\nFrom 1945 to 1953, he worked as a teacher at Borough Polytechnic (now London South Bank University) in London, where his pupils included Frank Auerbach, Leon Kossoff, Philip Holmes, Cliff Holden, Edna Mann, Dorothy Mead, Gustav Metzger, Dennis Creffield, Cecil Bailey, and Miles Richmond. David Bomberg House, one of the student halls of residences at London South Bank University, is named inBomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and sometimes overlaying the whole painting a strong grid-work colouring scheme. He was expelled from the Slade School of Art in 1913, with agreement between the senior teachers Tonks, Frederick Brown and Philip Wilson Steer, because of the audacity of his breach from the conventional approach of that time.David Garshen Bomberg (5 December 1890 - 19 August 1957) was a British painter, and one of the Whitechapel Boys.\nBomberg was one of the most audacious of the exceptional generation of artists who studied at the Slade School of Art under Henry Tonks, and which included Mark Gertler, Stanley Spencer, C.R.W. Nevinson, and Dora Carrington. Bomberg painted a series of complex geometric compositions combining the influences of cubism and futurism in the years immediately preceding World War I; typically using a limited number of striking colours, turning humans into simple, angular shapes, and", "is_supporting": true } ]	Where did the artist who created The Mud Bath receive their education?	[ { "id": 501624, "question": "The Mud Bath >> creator", "answer": "David Bomberg", "paragraph_support_idx": 4 }, { "id": 181960, "question": "#1 >> educated at", "answer": "Slade School of Art", "paragraph_support_idx": 11 } ]	Slade School of Art	[ "The Slade" ]	true	Where did the painter of The Mud Bath study?

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