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41040362
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearance%20of%20Trevaline%20Evans
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Disappearance of Trevaline Evans
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The disappearance of Trevaline Evans is a missing persons case from 1990, concerning a 52-year-old woman who vanished without trace from her antiques shop in Llangollen, Denbighshire, Wales, United Kingdom.
Events leading up to the disappearance
Evans had been away during the week of her disappearance near the coast at Rhuddlan with her husband Richard, who was renovating the couple's holiday bungalow. She returned to Llangollen on Wednesday, 13 June.
Day of the disappearance
On Saturday, 16 June 1990, Evans opened her shop, Attic Antiques on Church Street, at the usual time of 9:30am. She had parked her dark blue Ford Escort estate 200 yards away. During the morning, approximately 25 friends and customers had called in and according to the friends who visited, Evans appeared relaxed, happy and had made plans to go out that night. The weather that day was sunny according to the police and the town centre described as busy.
At about 12:40pm, Evans left a note on the front door of her shop, saying she would be "back in two minutes". A smartly dressed man was reportedly seen talking to her in the shop shortly before she left the note. This man was never traced. It is known that she bought an apple and a banana and was seen crossing nearby Castle Street. As a banana skin was found in a dustbin in the shop after this time, it is thought she must have returned there. However, this has never been confirmed. Evans’s handbag, car keys and jacket, along with fruit and flowers that she had intended to take home, were left behind in the shop. Her car remained parked where it had been left.
The last confirmed sighting of Evans was near her home on Market Street at 2:30pm.
There were two more suspected sightings, both unconfirmed. At 2:35pm a woman matching her description was seen walking out of town along the A5 towards Corwen, beside the riverside park. At 3:45pm, there was another sighting, this time of a woman walking into Park Avenue from the direction of the River Dee.
Investigation
Every household in Llangollen, as well as scores of people from further afield, were interviewed. More than 1,500 names were checked and about 700 cars were eliminated from the inquiry. Searches of the River Dee, the canal, mine shafts and caves in the Llangollen area were carried out, but no trace was found. An artist's impression of a man in a blazer apparently seen in her company was drawn up and circulated during the investigation in 1990.
In January 2001, the case was reopened by police in the hope new forensic techniques would suggest fresh evidence. Evans's husband Richard was arrested in June 2001 but later released without charge. Police also ruled out an artist's impression of a man allegedly seen with Evans shortly before her disappearance as no longer accurate.
Subsequent events
The case was re-examined in 2010 on the 20th anniversary of Evans's disappearance. In September 2011 it was reported that police were looking into a possible connection between Evans's disappearance and a convicted serial killer named Robin Ligus. Ligus served a life sentence for the murders of three men in 1994, and died in 2022. In January 2012, however, police ruled out any possible connection.
Apparent sightings of Evans have been reported in London, France (with Interpol investigating the assumed sighting there), and a remote town in Australia. In 1992, woodland in the World’s End area was searched after a tip off from someone claiming to be a 'spiritualist medium'. In 1993, police sniffer dogs searched a canal bank near Llangollen after a woman wrote to police stating that she had been ‘overwhelmed’ by a feeling that Trevaline was nearby.
No money was ever taken from her bank account indicating to police that she may have been abducted and murdered.
In popular culture
Evans' disappearance was the subject of a 2021 Crime+ Investigation podcast. The episode, titled The disappearance of Trevaline Evans: North Wales, was published as a part of the podcast series spin-off to the documentary show Murdertown.
In 2023, a Channel 4 documentary, In the Footsteps of Killers, suggested a link between the disappearance and Christopher Halliwell, the double murderer of Sian O'Callaghan and Becky Golden-Edwards, though this was far from proven.
See also
List of people who disappeared
Murder of Lindsay Rimer
Disappearance of Suzy Lamplugh
References
1990 in Wales
1990s missing person cases
Missing person cases in Wales
People from Llangollen
June 1990 events in the United Kingdom
Unsolved murders in England
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41040367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%20Archbishopric%20of%20Corinth
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Latin Archbishopric of Corinth
|
The Latin Archbishopric of Corinth is a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church. It dates to 1210, when a Catholic archbishop was installed on the Orthodox Metropolis of Corinth, in Southern Greece, in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade. Since the Byzantine reconquest in the early 15th century, and except for a brief period of Venetian rule in 1688–1715, it has been awarded as a titular see. It has been vacant since 2005.
History
The See of Corinth has a long history, and is held to have been founded by the Apostle Paul. In the Roman and early Byzantine periods, Corinth was the capital and metropolitan see of the province of Achaea (southern Greece). From the early 9th century, however, the primacy of Corinth over the Peloponnese was challenged by the See of Patras, and from the 10th century on the jurisdiction of the See of Corinth was restricted to the eastern Peloponnese and certain of the Ionian Islands.
In 1203/4, the city fell to the lord of the Argolid, Leo Sgouros, who used the weakness of the Byzantine government and the turmoil of the Fourth Crusade to carve out for himself a practically independent state in southern and central Greece. Sgouros' ambitions to create a state of his own were checked by the onslaught of the victorious Crusaders, who captured Corinth in 1210 after a long siege.
The Crusaders established a Roman Catholic ("Latin") Archbishopric to replace the Greek Orthodox see, covering the same territory: the seven suffragan sees of Cephalonia, Zakynthos, Damala, Lacedaemon/Monemvasia, Argos, Helos and Zemena. In reality, Monemvasia and Helos were not to come under Latin control until thirty years later, and the Latin clergy had difficulty imposing itself on the rural Greek population and priesthood. As a result, the sees of Damala, Helos and Zemena seem to have never been occupied, and Zemena and one half of Damala came to form part of the diocese of Corinth itself. Along with its rival, the Latin Archbishop of Patras, the Archbishop of Corinth ranked as one of the two senior ecclesiastic barons in the Principality of Achaea, with eight knight's fiefs attached to him (and four each for the suffragan bishops of Argos and Lacedaemon). Nevertheless, despite its ancestry and prestige, Corinth was rapidly eclipsed by Patras during the period of Frankish rule.
Le Quien (III, 883) mentions twenty Latin prelates from 1210 to 1700, but Eubel (I, 218; II, 152) mentions twenty-two archbishops for the period from 1212 to 1476. The city was recovered by the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea in 1395, and, after a short period (1397–1404) of rule by the Knights Hospitaller, returned to Byzantine hands, where it remained until it fell to the Ottoman Empire on 8 August 1458. After this the Catholic see remained as a titular see.
The Archbishopric of Corinth became once more the centre of the Catholic Church in the Peloponnese during the brief period of Venetian rule in 1688–1715, while the Orthodox Metropolis of Patras remained the centre of the local Orthodox Church.
Residential archbishops
Titular archbishops
References
Sources
Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, pp. 430-431
Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 1 , p. 210; vol. 2, p. 136; vol. 3 , p. 178; vol. 4, pp. 164-165; vol. 5, p. 173; vol. 6, p. 183
"Corinthe", in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. XIII, Paris 1956, coll. 876-880
External links
Corinthus, at catholic-hierarchy.org
Catholic titular sees in Europe
Corinth
Baronies of the Principality of Achaea
Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Greece
Latin Archbishopric of Corinth
Latin Archbishopric of Corinth
1210 establishments in Europe
Corinth
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41040371
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of%20the%20Flesh
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Of the Flesh
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Of the Flesh () is a 1983 Philippine drama film directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya. It was adapted and written by Ricky Lee from the legal story "To Take a Life" by Teresa Añover Rodriguez and produced by Benjamin G. Yalung. It is set in the 1930s, during the American colonial era and tells the story of a newly-wed couple Narcing (Phillip Salvador) and Puring (Cecille Castillo) who arrived from Manila in the town of Mulawin, a place filled with violent and tragic pasts, a place likened to Hell by its storyteller, played by Charito Solis. Settling in Mulawin, they will witness misfortunes and violence, including rape, incest, parricide, and tyranny perpetrated by the cruel Gusting (Vic Silayan).
It was filmed in the provinces of Nueva Ecija and Rizal and the National Capital Region. Ryan Cayabyab provided the musical score for the film and Manolo Abaya, the director's husband, served as the director of photography. It is the last film of Marilou Diaz-Abaya's trilogy of feminist films, among them are Brutal (1980) and Moral (1982). These films depicted the feminist issues and concerns, complete with the use of backdrops and metaphors related to the Martial Law era.
The film was selected as the Philippine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. The film has received its overseas release in the United Kingdom on November 23, 1984, as part of the London Film Festival and in Japan on September 14, 2001, as part of the Special Feature of Marilou Diaz-Abaya at the 2001 Fukuoka International Film Festival along with the other films she had previously directed.
In 2015, the film was digitally restored and remastered in high-definition by the ABS-CBN Film Restoration under the leadership of Leonardo P. Katigbak and Central Digital Lab under Rick Hawthorne and Manet Dayrit. The restored version of Karnal was premiered on August 13, 2015, as one of the special features for the 11th Cinemalaya Independent Film Festival.
Plot
A middle-aged woman, acting as the narrator, tells a long but violent and tragic story about her mother's life in a town which is only one step ahead of Hell. She also mentions the lives of the townspeople living under the rule of a tyrannical and violent landowner.
Newlyweds Narcing and Puring arrive from Manila, the capital, to live in the former's hometown, Mulawin. His father, Gusting, is taken aback by Puring's resemblance to his deceased wife Elena. The resemblance prompts Gusting to cause problems for Narcing and Puring. He makes several advances toward Puring, and failing in that, motivates Narcing to be more assertive over Puring. At the same time, he reveals to the villagers his friendship with a deaf man Gorio. In the violent family conflict that ensues, Narcing kills his father.
While her husband is in jail, Puring gives birth to her child whom the town's villagers consider demonic. After burying her daughter in the burning fields, Narcing escapes from prison, but is pursued by authorities. As he finds his wife at Gorio's hut, Narcing, along with Puring, escapes in order to avoid being captured by the authorities. Unfortunately for him, Narcing is captured by the authorities. His hands are tied by a rope, and he repeatedly stumbles and slides to the ground as Puring emotionally cries watching him suffer. At the jail, the jail warden opens his cell and discovers that Narcing had committed suicide by slitting his throat. The news of his death devastates Puring.
The narrator reveals her identity as the niece of Narcing and Puring. Her mother Doray is Narcing's sister. She narrates that Doray fled from the family home after being forced by his father to marry someone she did not love, to be with his true love Jose. Likewise, she was also a victim of family violence in the past. She narrates further that after the tragedy, Puring returned to Manila to work as a dispatcher again. However, according to some accounts, she fared even worse because she became a prostitute to the Americans in the dark areas of the city where she forcefully speaks English to them. On the other hand, some claim she became a nun to atone for her sins. She ends by stating that these rumors will never be confirmed and her true whereabouts will remain a mystery.
Cast
Charito Solis as the storyteller
Phillip Salvador as Narcing
Vic Silayan as Gusting
Cecille Castillo as Puring
Joel Torre as Goryo
Grace Amilbangsa as Doray
Crispin Medina as Menardo
Joonee Gamboa as Pekto
Rolando Tinio as Bino
Ella Luansing as Suling
Vangie Labalan as Rosing
Gil de Leon as Padre Julian
Rustica Carpio as Talia
Production
Pre-production
The production of Karnal began when director Marilou Diaz-Abaya received a mysterious telephone call from someone going by the name "M-7", asking her if she agrees to do another film project. Since the person from the call was mysterious, the publicist informed the director that the caller was none other than film producer Benjamin G. Yalung and "M-7" is his alias. Soon after, Marilou Diaz-Abaya, accompanied by her husband Manolo Abaya, met Ben Yalung and his friend, actress Cecille Castillo, who was previously starred in Lino Brocka's Cain at Abel (1982) at a dinner in a restaurant. In the middle of their meeting, the producer handed a magazine clipping to the director. The clipping was a legal story by Teresita Añover-Rodriguez, To Take A Life, which was published through Mr. & Ms. Magazine and tells the story of a woman who killed her father-in-law after being abusive to her and raping her. Yalung told Diaz-Abaya that Cecille Castillo had to be one of starring cast. Because of the story, director Diaz-Abaya was struck by Castillo's period-style looks, believing that she is perfect for the film.
Ricky Lee, the director's screenwriting collaborator in her previous two films, began to create a screenplay after he was informed of Cecille Castillo's perfect period-era looks and used the legal story of Añover-Rodriguez as its basis. The director felt that the story would be set earlier in the 1930s in which she believed that the morals and attitudes of the said era began to transition from the old conservative of the Spanish era to liberalism due to the influence of the American colonial rule.
Filming and production design
Fiel Zabat, the film's production designer, first studied the old paintings that were still hanged at the house of Diaz-Abaya's parents to get the period-era feeling. She also studied the paintings of Fernando Amorsolo and reading the reference materials related to the said painter. For the film's shooting, Marilou Diaz-Abaya and Fiel Zabat began searching towns in Central Luzon that would serve as a potential filming place for the film. As a result, they chose the town of Gapan in Nueva Ecija and its surrounding towns as the decided shooting site for the film. Luckily for the film's staff and crew, the old stone house that the director fell in love with was actually owned by the production designer's distant aunt who welcomed the director and the others as a family. As a result, the house became one of the filming sites. Several of the old and genuine period-era costumes used for the film were borrowed from Zabat's grandmothers.
Restoration
The film's restoration was handled by the ABS-CBN Film Restoration and Central Digital Lab in Makati. According to ABS-CBN Film Archives head Leo P. Katigbak, the restoration of Karnal was discontinued when technicians spotted some defects in its acquired copy. Prior to the film's restoration, the majority of its rights are owned by ABS-CBN and they have to acquire the remaining rights to continue the restoration. The film was eventually restored in 2015 using a print generated from the original negatives and it is the first film of Diaz-Abaya to be digitally restored.
The film's restored version was premiered on August 13, 2015, at the Tanghalang Aurelio Tolentino (CCP Little Theatre) of the Cultural Center of the Philippines. The premiere was attended by the film's stars Phillip Salvador, Vangie Labalan, and Cecille Castillo; the director's two sons, musician Marc and cinematographer David Abaya; the film's cinematographer and the director's husband Manolo Abaya, and the writer Ricky Lee. Directors Antoinette Jadaone and Dan Villegas also attended the film's premiere.
Television release
The film's restored version was premiered on November 5, 2017, as a feature presentation for ABS-CBN's Sunday late-night presentation program, Sunday's Best. The televised showing was rated SPG (Strong Parental Guidance) with warnings of themes, violence, and sex by the MTRCB and attained a nationwide share rating of 0.9%, winning against GMA Network's telecast of Diyos at Bayan, which attained a 0.5% rating, according to AGB Nielsen's Nationwide Urban Television Audience Measurement (NUTAM) ratings.
Accolades
Notes
See also
Kisapmata
References
External links
1983 films
1983 drama films
Philippine drama films
Tagalog-language films
Films directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya
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41040381
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totti%20Bergh
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Totti Bergh
|
Theodor Christian Frølich Bergh known as Totti Bergh (5 December 1935 in Oslo – 4 January 2012 in Oslo) was a Norwegian jazz musician (saxophone), the younger brother of the jazz journalist Johannes (Johs.) Bergh (1932–2001). He was married to jazz singer Laila Dalseth.
Career
Bergh began to play clarinet, and picked up the saxophone in 1952. In 1956, he became a professional musician. He was a regular member of Kjell Karlsen Sextet for three years, in addition to collaborating sporadically with Rowland Greenberg and other musicians on the Norwegian jazz scene as it once provisioned live dance music of good brand. He also made trips on the Norwegian America Ships with the ships' house orchestra on the voyage to New York. Bergh had mustered the America boat in 1960 and succeeded Harald Bergersen as tenor saxophonist in the Kjell Karlsen new big band. In the summer of 1961, the big band's new singer was Laila Dalseth, his wife to be. He also was in the lineup for the bands of Einar Schanke (1955–56), Rowland Greenberg (1960–64, 1974–81), and Per Borthen (1966–). In addition, he played in his wife Laila Dalseth's orchestra. Later, he played tenor saxophone and soprano saxophone with 'Christiania Jazzband' (from 1990) and with 'Christiania 12' (from 1992).
He released several albums, and his music is reminiscent of the world-renowned tenorists Lester Young and Dexter Gordon.
Honors
1994: Gammleng-prisen
1995: The city of Oslo cultural scholarship
1997: The Ella-prisen at Kongsberg Jazzfestival
1999: Buddyprisen
Discography
1986: Tenor madness (Gemini Records), with Al Cohn
1988: I hear a rhapsody, with Per Husby/Egil Kapstad (piano), Ole Jacob Hansen /Egil Johansen (musician) (1934–1998) (drums) & Terje Venaas (bass)
1991: Major blues, within his own quintet recorded at Oslo Jazzfestival, including George Masso (trombone), Major Holley (bass), Egil Kapstad (piano) & Pelle Hultén (drums)
1993: On the trail, with Plas Johnson
1995: Remember
1996: Warm Valley
1998: Night Bird, with Harry Allen & George Masso
2012: Totti's Choice (Gemini Records), Compilations released posthumously
References
External links
Laila & Totti 145 år by Bjørn Stendahl at JazzNytt (in Norwegian)
1935 births
2012 deaths
Norwegian jazz saxophonists
Norwegian jazz clarinetists
Norwegian jazz composers
Gemini Records artists
Musicians from Oslo
20th-century Norwegian saxophonists
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41040387
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrup%2C%20Ringk%C3%B8bing-Skjern
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Astrup, Ringkøbing-Skjern
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Astrup is a village in Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality, Denmark.
References
Villages in Denmark
Populated places in Central Denmark Region
Ringkøbing-Skjern Municipality
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41040439
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrup%2C%20Mariagerfjord
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Astrup, Mariagerfjord
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Astrup is a village in Mariagerfjord Municipality, Denmark.
Notable people
Jørn Lund (born 1944 in Astrup) a former Danish cyclist, team bronze medallist in the 1976 Summer Olympics
References
Villages in Denmark
Populated places in the North Jutland Region
Mariagerfjord Municipality
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41040441
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coltman
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Coltman
|
Coltman is a surname, and may refer to:
Bob Coltman (born 1937), American singer
Constance Coltman (1889–1969), English congregational minister
Sir Leycester Coltman (1938–2003), British ambassador
Liam Coltman (born 1990), New Zealand rugby union player
Robert Coltman (1862–1931), American physician
William Coltman (1891–1974), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
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41040446
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keraniyo
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Keraniyo
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Keraniyo is an Ethiopian town in the district (woreda) of Hulet Ej Enese, part of Misraq Gojjam Zone, Amhara Region.
References
Populated places in Ethiopia
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41040458
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albany%20Ward
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Albany Ward
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Hannam Edward Albany Ward (6 November 1879 – 18 February 1966), known as Albany Ward, was a pioneer English theatre proprietor and cinema developer, who ran one of the largest cinema circuits in Britain in the early part of the twentieth century.
He was born Hannam Edward Bonnor in Stoke Newington, London, the youngest son of William Bonnor, a surgeon originally from Hereford, and his wife Emma. He was educated at Christ's Hospital. After leaving school he joined his widowed mother in Ilfracombe, Devon, before starting work in 1896 as an assistant to pioneer filmmaker Birt Acres in High Barnet. He then joined the Velograph Company, managed by Adolphe Langfier, as a projectionist, and began touring the country with films of such events as Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. In 1898 he formed his own company and toured Wales and the south-west of England, becoming the first moving picture exhibitor in parts of the country. He introduced offstage sound effects, such as imitations of train and battle noises, to accompany the film showings.
He opened his first theatre, the Empire Theatre in Oxford, in 1900, showing a mixture of films and variety acts. By 1901 he was referring to himself simply as Albany Ward, with no forenames, and described himself as "Theatrical manager". He established his first permanent theatre, in Weymouth, Dorset, in 1906. The town became his main base and residence. He built up one of the largest circuits of cinemas in the country, owning 29 cinemas by 1914, mostly in small towns in the west of England and south Wales. In some cases, as at Exeter, Warminster and Monmouth, he took over and refurbished existing theatres; elsewhere, as at Chepstow, he had a new theatre built.
He sold his cinema and theatre chain to Provincial Cinematograph Theatres Ltd. (PCT) in 1920, while retaining management responsibilities for them as part of PCT. He formally changed his surname from Bonnor to Albany Ward by deed poll in 1922.
He married Edith Robertson in 1899. He married again in 1916, to Dorothy Hembrow; they had four children. He died in a nursing home in Torquay, Devon, in 1966 at the age of 86.
References
External links
Cinema Comes to Wiltshire – describes several Ward properties, Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre, December 2021
1879 births
1966 deaths
Theatre owners
Businesspeople from London
British film people
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41040459
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead%20Man%27s%20Seat
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Dead Man's Seat
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Dead Man's Seat () is a 1984 Portuguese drama film directed by António-Pedro Vasconcelos. The film was selected as the Portuguese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Cast
Ana Zanatti as Ana Mónica
Pedro Oliveira
Teresa Madruga as Marta
Luís Lima Barreto as Alvaro Allen
Carlos Coelho as Inspector Moreira
Isabel Mota as Dulce
Ruy Furtado as Neves
Diogo Vasconcelos as João
Natalina José as Janitor
See also
List of submissions to the 57th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Portuguese submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
1984 films
1984 drama films
Portuguese drama films
1980s Portuguese-language films
Films directed by António-Pedro Vasconcelos
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41040471
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s%20Country
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God's Country
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Drama
God's Country, a 1988 play by Steven Dietz
Film
God's Country (1946 film), a Western film directed by Robert Emmett Tansey
God's Country (1985 film), a documentary film by French filmmaker Louis Malle
God's Country (2011 film), family film directed by Chris Armstrong
God's Country (2022 film), thriller film
Music
Songs
"God's Country", a song from the 1939 film adaptation of the musical Babes in Arms
"God's Country" (Blake Shelton song), 2019
"God's Country" (Travis Scott song), 2023
Albums
God's Country: George Jones and Friends, a 2006 tribute album
God's Country, working title for Donda, the 2021 album by Kanye West
God's Country (album), the 2022 debut album by Chat Pile
See also
"In God's Country", a 1987 U2 song
God's Country Radio Network, a 2008–2010 Christian music network
Back to God's Country (disambiguation)
God's Own Country (disambiguation)
God's Kingdom
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41040489
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrup%2C%20Hj%C3%B8rring
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Astrup, Hjørring
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Astrup is a village in Hjørring Municipality, Denmark.
References
Villages in Denmark
Populated places in the North Jutland Region
Hjørring Municipality
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41040507
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena%20Bermejo
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Magdalena Bermejo
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Magdalena (Magda) Bermejo (born ) is a Spanish primatologist and world authority on the western lowland gorilla. Since 1991 she has lived for long periods with her husband, German Illera, in the rainforests of the Republic of Congo, conducting research and becoming increasingly involved in gorilla conservation. She estimated that 5,000 gorillas died from Ebola in Gabon and the Republic of Congo.
Career
Bermejo grew up in Madrid. She began her career as a child psychologist and later as a primatologist. Sometimes known as the "Dian Fossey of the Congo", she currently works for the Programme for Conservation and Rational Utilization of Forest Ecosystems in Central Africa (ECOFAC), a European Union-sponsored program that establishes a regional framework for conserving rainforests in central Africa. She is also a member of the faculty in the Animal Biology Department in the University of Barcelona in Spain.
Primate research
Bermejo first visited Africa in 1986, at the age of 22, to study chimpanzees in Senegal. Then she went to the Lilungu (Ikela) region in Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) to study bonobos with a colleague from Barcelona, Jordi Sabater Pi. They began work in 1988 and were forced by war conditions to end it in 1990. Conservationists feared that the bonobos had not survived the war, but a population of bonobos was found in the area in 2005.
While in Barcelona, Bermejo met and married German Ilera, a Spaniard who started as a law student and then became a videographer and naturalist. In 1991, the two started studying gorillas in an area that later became the Lossi Sanctuary. They were the first people to habituate western lowland gorillas to human presence. A prerequisite to studying them, habituation requires daily visits over about three years. By 2002, they had identified 10 social groups in a population of 143. Her work was described in a National Geographic video of 2001.
Between October 2002 and January 2003, at the same time that humans in nearby villages were beginning to die from the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus disease (ZEBOV), 130 of the 143 gorillas died. The researchers monitored seven more social groups, and found that 91 of 95 gorillas died between October 2003 and January 2004. Extrapolating from these results, they estimated that in a area around the Lossi Sanctuary, about 5000 gorillas died. Because of the high mortality rate, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) listed the western lowland gorilla as Critically Endangered, one step away from Extinct in the Wild.
Initially, opinions were divided on whether ZEBOV was the cause of the deaths, and if so whether the disease was spread via a reservoir in other species (for example, bats or birds) or by gorilla-to-gorilla transmission. Out of twelve carcasses that Bermejo and her group examined, nine tested positive for Ebola. By the lag time between deaths in neighboring social groups, they were able to show that the disease mainly spread from social group to social group. Based on these results, other scientists have argued for a vaccination campaign to protect other gorillas.
Bermejo has continued to study gorillas after the Ebola outbreak. In 2009, she found a concentration of them near Odzala National Park. Six social groups have been found, two of which are habituated. Among the foci of the study are the impact of Ebola and interactions with other species (chimpanzees and humans).
Eco-tourism and conservation
After the loss of gorillas to Ebola, Bermejo began to create community projects to help both the gorillas and the people in nearby villages. With support from Sabine Plattner African Charities, development of the nearby village Mbomo has begun, with plans for a community center, Internet and educational enrichment. Odzala Discovery Camps: Ngaga Camp is the research site of Bermejo and Illera and their home, has become a destination for safaris run by Congo Conservation Company. The gorilla tours through a Marantaceae (arrowroot) forest are led by trackers who work for Bermejo.
Works
References
Further reading
Women primatologists
Primatologists
Spanish scientists
Living people
Date of birth missing (living people)
Scientists from Madrid
1960s births
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41040514
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdun%20Aerodrome
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Verdun Aerodrome
|
Verdun, in the Meuse department, is a small city on the river Meuse, which was heavily fortified before WWI. A military airfield was created in 1912 out of the eastern part of the city, in a place called "Faubourg Pavé" (Paved Suburb). Navigation charts did not show the airfield.
From the beginning of the war until the outbreak of the Battle of Verdun, in February 1916, the Faubourg Pavé airfield was widely used by the French Air Service. As the battle developed, many airfields were built further away from the front line and "Faubourg Pavé" had to be abandoned.
In 1918, many American Air Service squadrons flew from airfields around Verdun, as Julvécourt, Souilly, Lemmes or Béthelainville. Sources also mention temporary detachment of the 95th Aero Squadron to a "Verdun" airfield, without any further details.
Known units assigned
Detachment of 27th Aero Squadron (Pursuit) 25 September - 12 December 1918.
Detachment of 95th Aero Squadron (Pursuit) 7–11 November 1918.
See also
List of Air Service American Expeditionary Force aerodromes in France
References
Series "D", Volume 2, Squadron histories,. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
External links
World War I sites of the United States
World War I airfields in France
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41040517
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glissando%20%28film%29
|
Glissando (film)
|
Glissando is a 1982 Romanian drama film directed by Mircea Daneliuc. The film was selected as the Romanian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Cast
Stefan Iordache
Tora Vasilescu
Petre Simionescu
Victor Ionescu
Ion Fiscuteanu
Constantin Dinulescu
Camelia Zorlescu
Mihaela Nestorescu
Rodica Moianu
See also
List of submissions to the 57th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Romanian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
1982 films
1982 drama films
1980s fantasy drama films
1980s Romanian-language films
Films directed by Mircea Daneliuc
Romanian fantasy drama films
|
41040519
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan%20Baishun
|
Yuan Baishun
|
Yuan Baishun is Professor of Political Science, an Academic Committee member, and Vice Dean of the law school at Hunan University.
Yuan is also the executive director of the Center for Clean Governance of Hunan Province; Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Anti-Corruption Studies; vice chairman of the Chinese Society of Integrity Education and Anti-Corruption Studies; and a board member of Transparency International-China and of the Chinese Society of Political Science.
References
Academic staff of Hunan University
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
41040534
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarines%20%28The%20Lumineers%20song%29
|
Submarines (The Lumineers song)
|
"Submarines" is a song by American folk rock band The Lumineers. It impacted modern rock radio in the United States as the third single from their debut studio album The Lumineers (2012).
Charts
References
2012 songs
The Lumineers songs
2013 singles
Dualtone Records singles
|
41040578
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Flynn%20%28footballer%29
|
Bill Flynn (footballer)
|
William Joseph Flynn (26 September 1907 – 24 May 1991) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton and South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Family
The son of Timothy Flynn (1866-1924), and Johanna Flynn (1871-1959), née Ahearn, William Joseph Flynn was born at Drouin, Victoria on 26 September 1907.
He married Kathleen Margaret O'Connor (1908-2002) on 16 May 1942.
Football
Flynn tied with Jack Collins in the 1936 Gippsland Football League's best and fairest award, the Trood Award, when playing with Bairnsdale Football Club.
Notes
References
External links
Bill Flynn's profile at Blueseum
1907 births
1991 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Sydney Swans players
Williamstown Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
|
41040581
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotelniki%20%28Moscow%20Metro%29
|
Kotelniki (Moscow Metro)
|
Kotelniki () is a station on the Moscow Metro's Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line. The eastern terminus of the line, east of the station of Zhulebino, was opened on 21 September 2015. The station is located in the town of Kotelniki of Moscow Oblast. It is the second station of Moscow Metro in Moscow Oblast after Myakinino. In 1984, after the western part of the town of Lyubertsy was transferred to Moscow, rapid urban development started. The whole area, along with Lyubertsy and other areas along the Kazansky and Ryazansky suburban directions of Moscow Railway were strongly dependent on the station of Vykhino, then the terminus of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line and a transfer station to both railway directions. In the 2000s, Vykhino was heavily overloaded. Eventually, the decision was taken to extend the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line beyond Vykhino. The construction of the first stretch, with the stations of Lermontovsky Prospekt and Zhulebino, was completed on 9 November 2013. The second stretch connected Zhulebino and Kotelniki.
References
Moscow Metro stations
Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya Line
Railway stations located underground in Russia
Railway stations in Russia opened in 2015
|
41040597
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Lever
|
Bill Lever
|
William George Hulme Lever (20 April 1904 – 25 September 1986) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Family
The son of William Lever (1877–1909) and Sophia Amelia Lever (1882–1962), née Potter, William George Hulme Lever was born at Prahran, Victoria on 20 April 1904.
Football
Carlton (VFL)
Bill Lever played fourteen games for Carlton in 1929–30.
Preston (VFA)
Bill Lever subsequently played seven games for Preston in the 1930 season.
Military service
Aged 36, Lever enlisted in the Volunteer Defence Corps during World War II in 1940, and served in Melbourne until 1944.
Notes
External links
Bill Lever's playing statistics from The VFA Project
Bill Lever's profile at Blueseum
1904 births
1986 deaths
Rochester Football Club players
Carlton Football Club players
Preston Football Club (VFA) players
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
Volunteer Defence Corps soldiers
Military personnel from Melbourne
People from Prahran, Victoria
|
41040609
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God%27s%20Children
|
God's Children
|
God's Children may refer to:
"God's Children" (The Kinks song), 1971
"God's Children" (The Gutter Twins song), 2008
See also
Children of God (disambiguation)
All God's Children (disambiguation)
God's Child (disambiguation)
|
41040615
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20King%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201904%29
|
Jack King (footballer, born 1904)
|
Jack King (10 December 1904 – 21 January 1979) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Jack King's profile at Blueseum
1904 births
1979 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Eaglehawk Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
|
41040616
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran%20Eight
|
Tehran Eight
|
The Tehran Eight was a political union of Shi'a Afghan Mujahideen, mainly of the Hazara ethnic group, during the Soviet–Afghan War. They were supported by Iran, hence the name Tehran Eight.
The Tehran Eight were predominantly active in the Hazarajat region of central Afghanistan, and fought against the PDPA government and the supporting Soviet troops. It formed the second largest resistance force in the war, after the main Afghan mujahideen (also called the "Peshawar Seven"), which was a Sunni alliance.
The Tehran Eight was formed in December 1987 with the direct participation of the Iranian state, after years of inter-factional struggle in the Hazarajat. In 1989, they were united into one party, Hezb-e Wahdat, with the exception of Hezbollah Afghanistan.
The eight factions
The following Afghan organizations composed the Tehran Eight, all headquartered in Iran:
Hezbollah Afghanistan – led by Qari Ahmad Ali Ghordarwazi
Sazman-i Nasr (also known as Islamic Victory Organization of Afghanistan) – led by Muhammad Hussein Sadiqi, Abdul Ali Mazari and Shaykh Shafak.
Corps of Islamic Revolution Guardians of Afghanistan – led by Sheikh Akbari, Mohsen Rezai and Sapahe Pasdaran.
The Islamic Movement of Afghanistan movement – led by Muhammad Asif Muhsini and Shaykh Sadeq Hashemi. IMOA, a member of the Tehran Eight, joined the Hezb-e Wahdat, which was intended as a united Shiite political front, but soon bolted out of it.
Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan, also known as Shura party – led by Sayeed Ali Beheshti and Sayeed Djagran.
Islamic Revolution Movement – led by Nasrullah Mansur.
Union of Islamic Fighters – led by Mosbah Sade, a Hazara leader of Bamian.
Raad ("Thunder") party – led by Shaykh Sayeed Abdul Jaffar Nadiri, Muhammad Hazai Sayeed Ismail Balkhee.
See also
Hazaras
Liwa Fatemiyoun
Shia clergy
References
Anti-communist organizations
Anti-Soviet factions in the Soviet–Afghan War
Shia Islamist groups
|
41040620
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinohrady%20tram%20depot
|
Vinohrady tram depot
|
Vinohrady tram depot () is a former tram and trolleybus depot at Vinohrady that was part of the Prague tram network from 1897. The last Prague trolley bus left from here in 1972.
History
The trams started in Prague with the horse drawn network extending to Vinohrady in 1883. In 1891 electrification was gradually introduced. The line from Vinohrady to Prague had 15 stations in a route that was less than six kilometres long. The unification of the trams into one company was not complete until the twentieth century and electrification was complete in 1905.
A memorial plaque and sculpture were installed in 2010 to record the place where the last trolleybus in Prague left for its final journey on 15 October 1972.
The buildings were part of the tram system until 1933 but it was then used for temporary storage since then.
The building was opened as part of European Heritage Days in 2012 where visitors can see the buildings which still date from 1897.
Description
Just outside the depot is a sculpture designed by Michal Gabriel which includes the message Orionka and a preservation of part of the turning circle used by Prague trolley buses until 1972. The tramlines can still be seen in the cobbled entrance to the depot.
References
Rail transport in Prague
Tourist attractions in Prague
Buildings and structures in Prague
Railway stations opened in 1897
Tram depots
1897 establishments in Austria-Hungary
|
41040633
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Class%20of%20%2792
|
The Class of '92
|
The Class of '92 is a 2013 British documentary film, released on 1 December 2013. The film centres on the rise of six young Manchester United footballers – David Beckham, Nicky Butt, Ryan Giggs, Gary Neville, Phil Neville and Paul Scholes – and details their careers for Manchester United starting in 1992.
Synopsis
The documentary covers the period from Manchester United's FA Youth Cup win in 1992 to their Champions League triumph in 1999, which rounded off the Treble-winning 1998–99 season. The film cuts the narrative with the social and cultural changes taking place in Great Britain at the time.
The film secured full access with all six players and also includes interviews with former footballers Zinedine Zidane and Eric Cantona, former Manchester United youth coach Eric Harrison, film maker Danny Boyle, former Prime Minister Tony Blair and The Stone Roses bassist Mani.
Reception
The documentary was generally met with positive reviews. Critics praised the film for its focus on the players' friendship over the years outside of football.
See also
Fergie's Fledglings
List of association football films
References
External links
2013 films
Cultural depictions of association football players
Cultural depictions of David Beckham
Documentary films about association football
Manchester United F.C.
Films shot in Greater Manchester
2010s English-language films
|
41040637
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Byrne
|
Tom Byrne
|
Thomas Charles Byrne (7 November 1908 – 23 November 1984) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Byrne was recruited by Carlton from Ararat in 1929, playing 4 games before transferring to Williamstown in the VFA mid-season in 1930 where he played 39 games and kicked 33 goals from 1930 to 1933. He represented the VFA in a game against the VFL at Princes Park in June, 1932, which the League won by just 8 points.
Byrne crossed to Fitzroy in 1934 but did not play a senior match and finished the season with Prahran. He was then recruited by Hawthorn, where he went on to play 61 games and kick 70 goals from 1935 to 1939.
References
External links
Tom Byrne's profile at Blueseum
1908 births
1984 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club players
Ararat Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
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41040639
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20Bridge%20School
|
Dry Bridge School
|
Dry Bridge Elementary School, also known as East Martinsville Grammar School, is a historic Rosenwald school located at Martinsville, Virginia. It was built between 1928 and 1930, and is a one-story, rectangular brick building with a concrete foundation, brick walls and deck-on-hip roof. The building housed four classrooms. Annexation brought Dry Bridge School into the Martinsville School District in 1948, and a freestanding school addition was built beside Dry Bridge School in 1958. The two buildings were called the East Martinsville Grammar School. The school closed at the end of the 1967–1968 school year as the result of school desegregation in Martinsville. In 1969, MARC Workshop, Inc. began occupying the building.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
References
African-American history of Virginia
Rosenwald schools in Virginia
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
School buildings completed in 1930
Neoclassical architecture in Virginia
Schools in Martinsville, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Martinsville, Virginia
1930 establishments in Virginia
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41040647
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Mahler
|
Francis Mahler
|
Francis (Franz) Mahler (1826–1863) was an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded on the first day of the Battle of Gettysburg. He died in a field hospital three days later.
Early life
Mahler was born in Grand Duchy of Baden, on August 1, 1826. He was involved with the uprising of 1848–1849, and was a comrade of future Union General Carl Schurz during this period. Mahler was captured and was condemned to death for his part. However, he managed to escape. He came to the United States in 1851 at 24 years of age. He arrived in New York on the SS Charlemagne on August 20 of that year. Mahler married Jennie M. (March 26, 1832 – March 29, 1918) from Massachusetts.
Civil War service
In August 1861, following the outbreak of the American Civil War, Mahler assisted Philadelphia liquor merchant Henry Bohlen to recruit and organize a regiment. This unit would eventually be designated the 75th Pennsylvania Infantry. Mahler was named lieutenant colonel. When Colonel Henry Bohlen was promoted to brigadier general, on July 20, 1862, Mahler received his commission as colonel and took command of the 75th Pennsylvania Infantry. Mahler was wounded while leading the regiment on the second day at the Second Battle of Bull Run. At the Battle of Chancellorsville, the 75th Pennsylvania Infantry was one of the first units subjected to General "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack, and was routed along with the rest of the 11th Corps.
Death at Gettysburg
During the Battle of Gettysburg, the 75th Pennsylvania Infantry was heavily engaged on the first day (July 1, 1863), in open fields north of town. The men of this unit, having advanced a considerable distance after passing through the town, held ground just east of the Carlisle Road. The fighting intensified with the collapse of other regiments forming the Union line, and the 75th Pennsylvania Infantry was exposed to a murderous fire, that rapidly depleted the ranks.
Mahler was wounded in the leg at the same time that his horse was shot out from under him. He managed to extricate himself from under the animal and, although crippled, continued to direct the troops under his command. However, as the regiment began to fall back, having been outflanked by the Confederates, Mahler received a mortal gunshot wound. Lieutenant T. Albert Steiger, at considerable risk to his own life, went to Mahler's assistance. Mahler was carried from the field with General Carl Schurz clasping his hand and weeping.
Mahler's brother, Lieutenant Louis Mahler, a member of the same regiment, was also killed during this same firefight. However, it is unclear whether Mahler was aware of his brother's death.
Mahler died in a field hospital at Gettysburg on the morning of July 4, 1863. He was 37 years old. Mahler is buried in Section B, Lot 263 of Mount Peace Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
References
Emigrants from the Grand Duchy of Baden
Immigrants to the United States
Union Army colonels
1826 births
1863 deaths
Burials at Mount Peace Cemetery
People from Baden-Baden
Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War
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41040671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber%20functor
|
Fiber functor
|
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a fiber functor is a faithful k-linear tensor functor from a tensor category to the category of finite-dimensional k-vector spaces.
Definition
A fiber functor (or fibre functor) is a loose concept which has multiple definitions depending on the formalism considered. One of the main initial motivations for fiber functors comes from Topos theory. Recall a topos is the category of sheaves over a site. If a site is just a single object, as with a point, then the topos of the point is equivalent to the category of sets, . If we have the topos of sheaves on a topological space , denoted , then to give a point in is equivalent to defining adjoint functorsThe functor sends a sheaf on to its fiber over the point ; that is, its stalk.
From covering spaces
Consider the category of covering spaces over a topological space , denoted . Then, from a point there is a fiber functorsending a covering space to the fiber . This functor has automorphisms coming from since the fundamental group acts on covering spaces on a topological space . In particular, it acts on the set . In fact, the only automorphisms of come from .
With étale topologies
There is an algebraic analogue of covering spaces coming from the étale topology on a connected scheme . The underlying site consists of finite étale covers, which are finite flat surjective morphisms such that the fiber over every geometric point is the spectrum of a finite étale -algebra. For a fixed geometric point , consider the geometric fiber and let be the underlying set of -points. Then,is a fiber functor where is the topos from the finite étale topology on . In fact, it is a theorem of Grothendieck the automorphisms of form a profinite group, denoted , and induce a continuous group action on these finite fiber sets, giving an equivalence between covers and the finite sets with such actions.
From Tannakian categories
Another class of fiber functors come from cohomological realizations of motives in algebraic geometry. For example, the De Rham cohomology functor sends a motive to its underlying de-Rham cohomology groups .
See also
Topos
Étale topology
Motive (algebraic geometry)
Anabelian geometry
References
External links
SGA 4 and SGA 4 IV
Motivic Galois group - https://web.archive.org/web/20200408142431/https://www.him.uni-bonn.de/fileadmin/him/Lecture_Notes/motivic_Galois_group.pdf
Category theory
Monoidal categories
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41040681
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Peter%27s%20Russian%20Tales
|
Old Peter's Russian Tales
|
Old Peter's Russian Tales is a collection of Russian and Ukrainian folk-tales retold by Arthur Ransome, published in Britain in 1916.
Description
The first chapter tells of Maroosia and Vanya who live in a hut of pine logs in the forest with their grandfather, the forester Old Peter. Their father and mother are both dead, and they can hardly remember them. Twenty stories told by Old Peter to the children follow, including The Fool of the World and the Flying Ship, a story also considered to be Ukrainian.
Ransome says in a note at the beginning that "The stories in this book are those that Russian peasants tell their children and each other", and that it was written for "English children who play in deep lanes with wild roses above them in the high hedges, or by the small singing becks that dance down the grey fells at home".
The book owes its existence to a visit that Ransome paid to the Russian Empire in 1913, partly to learn the language, partly to escape from his first marriage. Ransome's introductory note concludes with the words "Vergezha, 1915"; Vergezha, on the river Volkhov, was where Ransome stayed as a guest of Harold Williams and his wife Ariadna.
Ransome says in his autobiography that the English listeners "know nothing of the world that in Russia listeners and storytellers take for granted". So rather than provide a direct translation of his Russian originals as William Ralston Shedden-Ralston had done in his 1873 Russian Folk Tales, which Ransome had encountered in 1913, he read all the variants of the Russian narratives and then rewrote them in his own words with Old Peter, Vanya and Maroosia substituted for Shedden-Ralston's Ogre, Elf and Imp. Publication of his book was delayed, and he thought that the publishers did not expect to sell more than the 2,000 copies of their initial print run. But by 1956, his sales figures had passed 24,000, and another 25,000 copies were subsequently sold in cheaper British editions and in authorized and pirated editions in the United States.
Hugh Brogan wrote that the book was an "indubitable literary success. It has never been out of print. Arthur Ransome's apprenticeship was over".
Reprint
Old Peter's Russian Tales was republished by the Arthur Ransome Trust in December, 2016. together with The War of the Birds and the Beasts (renamed The Battle of the Birds and the Beasts at Hugh Brogan's suggestion), thereby creating the first combined edition of Arthur Ransome's Russian folk tales. The new edition includes a new introduction by Hugh Lupton, Arthur Ransome's great-nephew, whose own career as a professional storyteller owes much to Arthur Ransome's Russian folk-tales.
References
Editions
, illustrated by Dmitry Mitrohin, e-text and images via www.gutenberg.org
, illustrated by Dmitry Mitrohin, scanned via archive.org
2003, UK, Old Peter's Russian Tales, Jane Nissen Books (), Pub 2003, paperback, illustrated by Faith Jaques
2016, UK, Old Peter's Russian Tales & the Battle of the Birds and the Beasts, Arthur Ransome Trust (), Pub December 2016, paperback, illustrated by Faith Jaques, Introduction by Hugh Lupton
External links
arthur-ransome-trust.org.uk
1916 books
Works by Arthur Ransome
Russian folklore
Books about Russia
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41040714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernie%20Sheil
|
Ernie Sheil
|
Ernest Richard Glenister Sheil (2 May 1906 – 26 December 1970) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton and Hawthorn in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Ernie Sheil's profile at Blueseum
1906 births
1970 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Hawthorn Football Club players
University Blues Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
People from Carlton, Victoria
|
41040722
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Post%20Office
|
Little Post Office
|
Little Post Office is a historic post office building located at Martinsville, Virginia. It was built in 1893, and is a small one-story, gable front brick building with a frame rear extension. The exterior and one-room interior of the building are detailed in the Queen Anne style. It was used as a contract post office by star route mail delivery supervisor John B. Anglin from 1893 to 1917.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. It is located in the East Church Street-Starling Avenue Historic District. It is now part of an art installation of the Piedmont Arts Association.
References
External links
Post office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Government buildings completed in 1893
Queen Anne architecture in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Martinsville, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Martinsville, Virginia
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Virginia
1893 establishments in Virginia
|
41040732
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling%20at%20the%201987%20SEA%20Games
|
Bowling at the 1987 SEA Games
|
The Bowling at the 1987 SEA Games result. This event was held between 12 September to 16 September at the Ancol Bowling Centre.
Medal table
Medal summary
Men's
Women
References
Yesterday's results - The Straits Times, 13 September 1987, Page 38
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870914-1.2.43.35
https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870916-1.2.46.13.12.aspx
http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19870917-1.2.57.22.4
1987 SEA Games events
Southeast Asian Games
1987
|
41040736
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noel%20Peverill
|
Noel Peverill
|
Ralph Noel Peverill (25 December 1907 – 21 October 1997) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Peverill played a single game for Carlton while studying dentistry at the University of Melbourne.
He later served in the Australian Army during World War II, rising to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel.
Peverill later became the Director of the Perth Dental Hospital.
Notes
External links
Noel Peverill's profile at Blueseum
1907 births
1997 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
University Blacks Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
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41040747
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Parsons%20%28footballer%29
|
Charlie Parsons (footballer)
|
Charles Berry Parsons (24 August 1903 – 12 July 1965) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Carlton in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Family
The son of Edward Charles Parsons (1870–1938), and Clarissa Helen Wright (1871–1946), née Wright, Charles Berry Parsons was born at Numurkah, Victoria on 24 August 1903.
He married Maude Florence Lydia Bartell (1910–1997) at Perth on 5 October 1935.
Football
Renowned for his skill and his scrupulous fairness, he played at the highest level of Australian Rules football in three States — with Carlton in the VFL, with Sturt in the SANFL, and with Claremont in the WANFL — and, also, represented both the VFL and the SANFL in representative matches.
Military service
He enlisted in the Second AIF in 1940, and had reached the rank of Lieutenant at the time of his discharge in 1945.
Death
He died (suddenly) at his home at Warracknabeal, Victoria on 12 July 1965.
Notes
References
To Play for Carlton, The Weekly Times, (Saturday, 6 April 1929), p.70.
Famous Player to Coach Warracknabeal, The Horsham Times, ((Friday, 26 April 1946), p.8.
[https://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au/veteran?id=436619&c=WW2 World War Two Nominal Roll: Lieutenant Charles Berry Parsons (VX24730), Department of Veterans' Affairs.]
B883, VX24730: World War Two Service Record: Lieutenant Charles Berry Parsons (VX24730), National Archives of Australia''.
External links
Charlie Parsons's profile at Blueseum
1903 births
1965 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
Sturt Football Club players
Claremont Football Club players
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian Army officers
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41040755
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B8nnerup%20Strand
|
Bønnerup Strand
|
Bønnerup Strand (lit.: Bønnerup Beach) is a village in Norddjurs Municipality, Denmark.
Bønnerup Strand is a fishing village, sprawling inland from the harbour. It is situated at the large shallow Bay of Aalborg in the Kattegat sea. The beach and coast east and west of Bønnerup Strand is broad, sandy, very shallow and considered child friendly. It attracts people and tourists for recreational activities in the summer. The surrounding area (simply called Bønnerup) has a large concentration of summer houses and rentals, with many situated in the hills overlooking the beach.
History
The village of Bønnerup strand is only a little more than a hundred years old, initiated when 4-5 families settled here as fishermen. The town has sprawled inland since then. Some of the original old houses are still around and a large part of the inhabitants are descendants of the first settling families.
The oldest building in Bønnerup was the mill of Treå Mølle. It was mentioned as early as 1348 and served as a grain mill for local farmers in the area. The original mill burned to the ground in 1859, but was rebuilt in 1860. In 1892, the milling was discontinued and the buildings were rebuilt to house a bakery and ordinary residence.
Strandhuset (lit.:The Beach-house) at the beach, was built in 1776 by the landlord of nearby Meilgård Castle. There is some doubt of its original function, but in the Napoleonic Wars it found use as a gunpowder magazine, serving the adjacent battery of Treå Mølle Batterie. Since then, the house has been known as Krudthuset by the locals. from 1845 to around 1890 the house served as poorhouse and home for the disabled. It later served as a shop and a guesthouse.
The coastal military battery of Treå Mølle Batterie, at the mouth of the Treå stream was the only battery in all of Djursland, actually involved in combat during the Napoleonic Wars. Apart from Krudthuset, some later trenches and lookouts from World War II, can also be seen here.
The harbour
The harbour (Danish: Bønnerup Havn) is the only large harbour on the coast of Northern Djursland. It has been modernized and expanded in recent decades and includes a marina since 1999 and a marine wind farm of 7 turbines since 1997. Commercial fishing still plays an important part of the harbour and the early morning fish markets supply fresh seafood to traders from afar, as well as locals and random tourists. The local fishing association is currently the largest sponsor in Bønnerup Strand.
Surroundings and local attractions
Apart from the easy access to the sea, Bønnerup Strand is situated near woodlands and natural sites.
There are several bicycle roads and hiking trails around Bønnerup Strand. Nordjurs Municipality has recently finished a bicycle road from the harbour front to the east along the coast. The road leads through a beautiful nature reserve presenting woodlands and wetlands with reed beds to the small coastal village of Gjerrild Nordstrand. Here the road turns south inland past Sostrup Castle and the nunnery of Sostrup Kloster in the village of Gjerrild. This first part of the trail also forms part of the national cycling route 5, known as Østkystruten (lit.:the east-coast-route). From Gjerrild the cycling road leads northwest through the forest of Emmedsbo and back to the marina at Bønnerup Strand. At Bønnerup Strand, there is also a gravelled coastal route leading west to the small coastal village of Fjellerup, the old Meilgård Castle in the southwest and back.
The international long distance North Sea Trail for hiking, passes through Bønnerup Strand and further west towards Fjellerup.
Bus lines at the harbour connects with Aarhus, Randers, Grenaa and the amusement park of Djurs Sommerland. The area attracts many tourists in the summer months and some regional attractions includes:
Djurs Sommerland/ Djurs Sommerland - outdoor amusement park
Randers Regnskov/ Randers Rain Forrest – zoo in greenhouses
Kattegatcentret – aquarium, fish, (large) sharks, seals
Fjord- og Kystcentret/ visit center at Randers Fjord – exhibitions, guided tours, etc.
Dansk Motor- og Maskinsamling – The Engine Collection, Scandinavia’s largest stationary engine collection
Landbrugsmuseet, Gl. Estrup/ The Agriculture Museum at Gl. Estrup - Agricultural Museum including extensive gardens with traditional vegetables and crops
Herregårdsmuseet Gl. Estrup/ The Manor Museum, Gl. Estrup
Munkholm Zoo – zoo aimed at families with small children
Ree Park – a safari park with exotic animals in a hilly countryside.
Skandinavisk Dyrepark (Scandinavian Wildlife Park) – zoo, Nordic animals
Mols Bjerge National Park
Glasmuseet – Contemporary glass museum
Fregatten Jylland – Frigate Jutland – One of the world's largest wooden warships
Kalø Castle – a 700-year-old ruined castle on a peninsula
Kalø Veteranbiltræf/ Kaloe Veteran Car Meet, Tuesdays
References
Sources
Visit Denmark: Bønnerup. Tourist information.
External links
Villages in Denmark
Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region
Norddjurs Municipality
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41040775
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aubrey%20Martyn
|
Aubrey Martyn
|
Aubrey James Martyn (4 January 1907 – 13 February 1989) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL). His brother, Colin Martyn, also played in the VFL.
Notes
External links
Aubrey Martyn's profile at Blueseum
Aubrey Martyn's profile at The VFA Project
1907 births
1989 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Coburg Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Melbourne
People from Brunswick, Victoria
|
41040776
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20for%20Christmas%20%28Susan%20Boyle%20album%29
|
Home for Christmas (Susan Boyle album)
|
Home for Christmas is the fifth studio album and second Christmas album by Scottish singer Susan Boyle. It was released on 25 October 2013 in Australia, on 29 October in the United States, and on 25 November 2013 in the United Kingdom. The album is a Christmas holiday album featuring a posthumous duet with Elvis Presley who died in 1977 and two duets with Johnny Mathis and The Overtones. The album also features an original song, "Miracle Hymn", written for Boyle's debut acting role in the film The Christmas Candle.
Background
Boyle was granted permission to use recordings of Elvis Presley from Graceland Estates singing "O Come, All Ye Faithful". The single was released on 6 December 2013 in Ireland and on 8 December in the United Kingdom, as a charity single for Save The Children U.K. and for the Elvis Presley Charitable Foundation in the U.S. It is the second time Boyle has covered "O Come, All Ye Faithful". She first covered the song for her second album, The Gift (2010).
Track listing
Notes
"O Come, All Ye Faithful" uses samples from the 1971 Elvis Presley recording of the same name from the album Elvis sings The Wonderful World of Christmas
Personnel
Unless otherwise indicated, information is also taken from Allmusic
Susan Boyle - vocals (tracks 6, 8, 10, 12, lead on tracks 1–5, 7, 9, 11)
Dishan Abrahams - bass guitar (tracks 5, 7)
Steve Anderson - musical arrangement (tracks 2–3, 5, 7, 9-11), music programming (1, 3, 5, 7, 10), drums (3, 5, 7), bass guitar (3), piano (10), keyboards (3, 11)
Graham Archer - recording engineer (track 3)
Steven Blake - bagpipes (track 3)
Kevin Burleigh - recording engineer (track 7)
Carmel Thomas Youth Singers - choir vocals (track 1)
Chris Hill - bass played by (tracks 4, 6, 8)
Ginger Holliday - sampled background vocals (track 1)
The Imperials - sampled background vocals (track 1)
Jake Jackson - recording engineer (track 12), audio mixing (12)
Rob Johnston - choir director (tracks 2, 4–5, 7, 9, 11)
Charlie Kenny - drums (tracks 4, 6, 8)
Sean Kenny - recording engineer (tracks 2-11)
Millie Kirkham - background vocals (track 1)
Adam Looker - assistant recording engineer (tracks 2–3, 12)
Andrew Lucas - choir director (tracks 2, 9, 11)
Lorne MacDougall - bagpipes (track 3)
Avril Mackintosh - recording engineer (tracks 3-12), Pro Tools engineer (1)
Cliff Masterson - musical arrangement (tracks 2-11), music programming (1-3, 7, 9), orchestra conductor (2), piano (2, 5–8), keyboards (3, 11), drums (3, 7), bass guitar (3), organ played by (9)
Johnny Mathis - guest vocals, lead vocals (track 5)
Michael McGoldrick - uilleann pipes (track 7)
Charlie McKerron - fiddle (track 7)
Fred Molin - recording engineer (track 5)
Jimmy Nielson - assistant recording engineer (tracks 2-12)
James Nisbet - guitar (tracks 4–5, 7, 10)
The Overtones - guest vocals, background vocals (track 3)
Elvis Presley - sampled lead vocals (track 1)
Temple Riser - sampled background vocals (track 1)
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra - strings performed by (tracks 2, 5, 7, 11)
RSVP Voices - choir vocals (tracks 2, 4–5, 7, 9, 11)
Donald Shaw - accordion (track 7), recording engineer (7)
St. Albans Cathedral Boys Choir - background vocals (tracks 2, 9, 11)
Mitch Stevens - background vocals (track 7)
Gary Thomas - recording engineer (tracks 2-12)
Tom Trapp - musical arrangement (track 12)
Jeremy Wheatley - audio mixing (tracks 2-12)
Zone 1 Brass - brass performed by (track 1)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
Susan Boyle albums
2013 Christmas albums
Syco Music albums
Columbia Records Christmas albums
Christmas albums by Scottish artists
Pop Christmas albums
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41040787
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herskind
|
Herskind
|
Herskind is a village in Skanderborg Municipality, Denmark.
References
Villages in Denmark
Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region
Skanderborg Municipality
|
41040799
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thobias%20Andengenye
|
Thobias Andengenye
|
Thobias Andengenye is the regional commissioner for Kigoma Region in Tanzania. From 2016 to January 2020 he was Commissioner general of the Tanzania fire and rescue force.
Former president Magufuli dismissed Andengenye alongside minister Kangi Lugola in January 2020 due to alleged procurement irregularities. In July 2020 he was appointed Kigoma regional commissioner.
References
Tanzanian police officers
University of Dar es Salaam alumni
Tanzania Police Academy alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
|
41040802
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Doyle%20%28Australian%20footballer%29
|
Alex Doyle (Australian footballer)
|
Alex Doyle (29 July 1904 – 21 January 1973) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Carlton Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL).
Notes
External links
Alex Doyle's profile at Blueseum
1904 births
1973 deaths
Carlton Football Club players
Horsham Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)
|
41040811
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Pedro%20de%20Tatara
|
San Pedro de Tatara
|
San Pedro de Tatara (aka San Pedro-Pellado) is a volcano in Chile.
See also
List of volcanoes in Chile
External links
San Pedro de Tatara in OVDAS website
Volcanoes of Chile
Stratovolcanoes of Chile
Active volcanoes
Volcanoes of Maule Region
|
41040814
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lihme
|
Lihme
|
Lihme is a village in Skive Municipality, Denmark.
References
Villages in Denmark
Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region
Skive Municipality
|
41040827
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciara%20O%27Callaghan
|
Ciara O'Callaghan
|
Ciara O'Callaghan is an Irish actress. She appeared in The Clinic and Sherlock Holmes and the Baker Street Irregulars. She is best known for her portrayal of Yvonne Gleeson on the Irish soap opera Fair City. She first came into the show in 1998 as Yvonne Doyle. She left in 2003 and returned in 2008. She also left again in 2014. She also appeared in Mrs. Brown's Boys D'Movie, Insatiable, and the RTE drama Striking Out. In 2009, she appeared in one episode of The Restaurant.
Filmography
Film
Television
See also
List of longest-serving soap opera actors#Ireland
References
External links
Living people
Actresses from Dublin (city)
Irish soap opera actresses
Irish television actresses
21st-century Irish actresses
1972 births
|
41040837
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Williams%20Vol.%20III
|
Don Williams Vol. III
|
Don Williams Vol. III is the third Studio album by American country music singer Don Williams released in 1974 on the ABC/Dot label. The album reached number three in the US Country Albums Chart. The titles from this album can also be found on his Images or Greatest Hits Volume One albums. "I Wouldn't Want to Live if You Didn't Love Me" and "The Ties That Bind" were released as singles in North America in 1974, with the former becoming Williams' first number one country radio hit.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Don Williams, except where indicated.
Personnel
Joe Allen - bass
Jimmy Colvard - electric guitar
Lloyd Green - steel and Dobro
Shane Keister - keyboard and Moog
Kenny Malone - drums and marimba
Tommy Smith - trumpet
Buddy Spicher - fiddle
Don Williams and Jimmy Colvard - acoustic guitars
Don Williams - lead vocals
Production
Producer - Don Williams
Engineer - Ronnie Dean
Recorded at Jack Clement Recording Studios, Studio B, Nashville, Tennessee.
References
1974 albums
Don Williams albums
ABC Records albums
Dot Records albums
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41040846
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammen%20%28village%29
|
Mammen (village)
|
Mammen is a village in Viborg Municipality, Denmark 7 km north of Bjerringbro.
Mammen is recognized as the production site of Mammen cheese, a well known brand in Denmark.
Mammen chamber tomb
The Mammen area was the finding site of the famous and rich Mammen chamber tomb; a Viking Age chamber tomb, complete with the remains and offerings of a wealthy magnate burial in the winter of 970-71 AD. The tomb was opened in 1868, when a farmer began digging away at the mound of Bjerringhøj. At about the same time, a hoard was unearthed close by in a gravel quarry. The various objects of both finds later gave name to the so-called Mammen style, an art phase typical of Scandinavia. The objects are displayed at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen.
References
External links
Mammen Dairy Company homepage
Villages in Denmark
Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region
Viborg Municipality
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41040854
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwind%20differencing%20scheme%20for%20convection
|
Upwind differencing scheme for convection
|
The upwind differencing scheme is a method used in numerical methods in computational fluid dynamics for convection–diffusion problems. This scheme is specific for Peclet number greater than 2 or less than −2
Description
By taking into account the direction of the flow, the upwind differencing scheme overcomes that inability of the central differencing scheme. This scheme is developed for strong convective flows with suppressed diffusion effects. Also known as ‘Donor Cell’ Differencing Scheme, the convected value of property at the cell face is adopted from the upstream node.
It can be described by Steady convection-diffusion partial Differential Equation:
Continuity equation:
where is density, is the diffusion coefficient, is the velocity vector, is the property to be computed, is the source term, and the subscripts and refer to the "east" and "west" faces of the cell (see Fig. 1 below).
After discretization, applying continuity equation, and taking source term equals to zero we get
Central difference discretized equation
Lower case denotes the face and upper case denotes node;
, , and refer to the "East," "West," and "Central" cell.
(again, see Fig. 1 below).
Defining variable F as convection mass flux and variable D as diffusion conductance
and
Peclet number (Pe) is a non-dimensional parameter determining the comparative strengths of convection and diffusion
Peclet number:
For a Peclet number of lower value (|Pe| < 2), diffusion is dominant and for this the central difference scheme is used. For other values of the Peclet number, the upwind scheme is used for convection-dominated flows with Peclet number (|Pe| > 2).
For positive flow direction
Corresponding upwind scheme equation:
Due to strong convection and suppressed diffusion
Rearranging equation (3) gives
Identifying coefficients,
For negative flow direction
Corresponding upwind scheme equation:
Rearranging equation (4) gives
Identifying coefficients,
We can generalize coefficients as
Use
Solution in the central difference scheme fails to converge for Peclet number greater than 2 which can be overcome by using an upwind scheme to give a reasonable result.
Therefore the upwind differencing scheme is applicable for Pe > 2 for positive flow and Pe < −2 for negative flow. For other values of Pe, this scheme doesn’t give effective solution.
Assessment
Conservativeness
The upwind differencing scheme formulation is conservative.
Boundedness
As the coefficients of the discretised equation are always positive hence satisfying the requirements for boundedness and also the coefficient matrix is diagonally dominant therefore no irregularities occur in the solution.
Transportiveness
Transportiveness is built into the formulation as the scheme already accounts for the flow direction.
Accuracy
Based on the backward differencing formula, the accuracy is only first order on the basis of the Taylor series truncation error. It gives error when flow is not aligned with grid lines. Distribution of transported properties become marked giving diffusion-like appearance, called as the false diffusion. Refinement of grid serves in overcoming the issue of false diffusion. With decrease in the grid size, false diffusion decrease thus increasing the accuracy.
References
See also
Central differencing scheme
Finite difference
Upwind scheme
Computational fluid dynamics
Numerical differential equations
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41040866
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B8nsted
|
Mønsted
|
Mønsted is a village in Viborg Municipality, Denmark.
Mønsted Kalkgruber, the largest limestone mine in the world, is located just northwest of the village.
References
Villages in Denmark
Cities and towns in the Central Denmark Region
Viborg Municipality
|
41040875
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliezer%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Eliezer (disambiguation)
|
Eliezer (, "God is my help") was the name of at least three biblical personalities.
Eliezer may also refer to:
Rabbinic sages
Tannaim
Eliezer ben Hurcanus, Tanna (sage) of 1st and 2nd century Judea
Eliezer ben Jacob I, Tanna of the 1st century
Eliezer ben Jacob II, Tanna of the 2nd century
Eleazar ben Judah of Bartota, Tanna of the first and second centuries
Tosafists
Eliezer ben Joel HaLevi (1140–1225), Rabbinic scholar in Germany
Eliezer ben Yose Haglili (2nd century), Jewish rabbi who lived in Judea
Eliezer ben Samuel (died 1175), French author of the halachic work Sefer Yereim
Eliezer of Touques (13th century), French tosafist
Other people with first name Eliezer
Eliézer Alfonzo (born 1979), American baseball player
Eliezer Adler (1866–1949), English Jewish community founder
Eliezer Avtabi (born 1938), Israeli politician
Eliezer ben Elijah Ashkenazi (1512–1585), Talmudist
Eliezer ben Isaac ha-Gadol, 11th-century German rabbi
Eliezer ben Nathan (1090–1170), Rishon
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda (1858–1922), Hebrew lexicographer
Eliezer Berkovits (1908–1992), rabbi
Eliezer Berland (born 1937), Israeli rosh yeshiva
Eliezer Cadet (born 1897), Haitian Vodou priest
Eliezer Cogan (1762–1855), English scholar and divine
Eliezer Cohen (born 1934), Israeli politician
Eliezer Yehuda Finkel (b. 1879) (1879–1965), Lithuanian rabbi
Eliezer Yehuda Finkel (b. 1965), Israeli rabbi
Eliezer Kahana (?–?), 18th-century Jewish preacher
Eliezer Melamed (born 1961), Israeli rabbi and rosh yeshiva
Eliezer Mizrahi (born 1945), Israeli politician
Eliezer Moses (born 1946), Israeli politician
Eliezer Marom (born 1955), Israeli Navy commander
Eleazar of Worms (1176-1238), Talmudist
Eliezer Palchinsky (1912–2007), rosh yeshiva
Eliezer Papo (1785–1826), Bulgarian rabbi and author
Eliezer Peri (1902–1970), Israeli politician
Eliezer Zusia Portugal (1898–1982), first Skulener Rebbe
Eliezer Poupko (1886–1961), Russian rabbi
Eliezer Preminger (1920–2001), Israeli politician
Eliezer Pugh (1814–1903), Welsh philanthropist
Eliezer Rafaeli (born 1926), Israeli founding President of the University of Haifa
Eliezer Rivlin (born 1942), Israeli judge
Eliezer Ronen (1931–2016), Israeli politician
Eliezer Sandberg (born 1962), Israeli politician
Eliezer Schweid (born 1929), Israeli scholar
Eliezer Sherbatov (born 1991), Canadian-Israeli ice hockey player
Eliezer Shkedi (born 1957), CEO of El Al Airlines
Eliezer Shostak (1911–2001), Israeli politician
Eliezer Silver (1882–1968), American rabbinic leader
Eleazar Sukenik (1889–1953), Israeli archeologist
Eliezer Waldenberg (1915–2006), rabbi and dayan, known as the Tzitz Eliezer
Eliezer Waldman (born 1937), Israeli rabbi and politician
Eliezer Weishoff (born 1938), Israeli artist
Elie Wiesel (1928–2016), Jewish-American professor, political activist, and author
Eliezer Williams (1754–1820), Welsh clergyman and genealogist
Eliezer Yudkowsky (born 1979), American decision theorist
L. L. Zamenhof (1859–1917), Polish-Jewish doctor, linguist, and creator of Esperanto
Eliezer Zussman-Sofer (1830–1903), Hungarian rabbi
People with last name Eliezer
Christie Jayaratnam Eliezer (1918–2001), mathematician, physicist and academic
Other uses
Yad Eliezer, a poverty-relief organization in Israel
Hebrew masculine given names
Masculine given names
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41040891
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013%20Keio%20Challenger%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles
|
2013 Keio Challenger – Doubles
|
Prakash Amritraj and Philipp Oswald were the defending champions but chose not to compete.
Bradley Klahn and Michael Venus defeated second seeds Sanchai Ratiwatana and Sonchat Ratiwatana 7–5, 6–1.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main Draw
Keio Challenger - Doubles
2013 Doubles
2013 Keio Challenger
|
41040897
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Education%20Day%20%28India%29
|
National Education Day (India)
|
National Education Day is an annual observance in India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India, who served from 15 August 1947 until 2 February 1958. National Education Day of India is celebrated on 11 November every year.
The Ministry of Human Resource Development announced on 11 September 2008, "The Ministry has decided to commemorate the birthday of this great son of India by recalling his contribution to the cause of education in India. November 11 every year, from 2008 onwards, will be celebrated as the National Education Day, with declaring it as a holiday." All educational institutions in the country mark the day with seminars, symposia, essay-writing, elocution competitions, workshops and rallies with banner cards and slogans on the importance of literacy and the nation's commitment to all aspects of education.
The day is also seen as an occasion to remember Azad's contribution in laying the foundations of the education system in an independent India, and evaluating and improving the country's current performance in the field.
References
November observances
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41040899
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubicon%20Technology
|
Rubicon Technology
|
Rubicon Technology, Inc. is an American company specializing in sapphire crystal growth technology and large-diameter sapphire based on improved Kyropoulos technology called ES2. Improvements to the Kyropoulos technology were developed in its Illinois-based crystal growth facilities. The company has been producing the industry's first 12-inch sapphire wafer since 2010, and has shipped millions of wafers and core products in sizes from 2" to 12" since 2001. The company's products have been used in the LED industry and for the production of silicon on sapphire (SOS) wafers for integrated circuits (RFICs), as well as on high quality optical and industrial applications for high-performance sapphire. The company's current market capitalization is down from around US$200 million to $13 million, with an enterprise value (November 2013 to December 2016) from around $160 million to less than zero.
History
In 2000, Rubicon Technology began its commercial production and was incorporated in 2001. It had a successful growth of 30 kg sapphire boule in 2002. In 2003, its polishing capacity was added and it received ISO 9001 certification in the following year. In 2013, Rubicon launched 4" and 6" Patterned Sapphire Substrates (PSS), extending vertical integration "from powder to pattern".
Products
Rubicon Technology is engaged in developing, manufacturing and selling monocrystalline sapphire and other crystalline products for light-emitting diodes (LEDs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), optoelectronics, and other optical applications.
Rubicon Technology produces Patterned Sapphire Substrates (PSS) in 4" through 8" diameters. The company also produces sapphire ingots, which are used as raw material for further fabrication. Additionally, Rubicon produces optical windows, with applications ranging from defense/aerospace and instrumentation to medical devices, and polished epi-ready substrates.
References
External links
Technology companies of the United States
Companies established in 2001
Companies based in DuPage County, Illinois
Bensenville, Illinois
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
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41040909
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interchange%20Cable%20Network
|
Interchange Cable Network
|
The Interchange Cable Network is a series of subsea fiber optic cables owned by Vanuatu-based company Interchange Limited. The first cable, ICN1 (Interchange Cable Network 1) links Fiji to Vanuatu and has been in service since 15 January 2014.
The cable landing points are:
Blacksands Beach, Port Vila, Efate, Vanuatu
Suva, Fiji
Alcatel Subsea Cable Vessel “Isle De Re” commenced cable laying on 10 November 2013 at the Fijian end of the cable. The cable arrived in Port Vila on 25 November 2013, 3 days ahead of schedule. This cable provides 20Gbit/s, which is more than 200 times the previous capacity of Vanuatu's satellite system.
Two more cables are planned that will provide back-up to the Interchange Cable Network in case of a disruption. ICN2 (Interchange Cable Network 2) will link Port Vila with Honiara, Solomon Islands, and ICN3 will link the Vanuatu island Tanna with Noumea, New Caledonia. A spur is planned to connect ICN2 with Vanuatu's largest island by land area, Espiritu Santo.
References
Communications in Vanuatu
Submarine communications cables in the Pacific Ocean
2014 establishments in Vanuatu
2014 establishments in Fiji
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41040915
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARA%20Buenos%20Aires%20%281895%29
|
ARA Buenos Aires (1895)
|
ARA Buenos Aires was a protected cruiser of the Argentine Navy. It was built by the British shipyard of Armstrong Mitchell and Co, being launched in 1895 and completing in 1896. Buenos Aires continued in use until 1932.
Construction
In February 1893, Armstrong and Mitchell laid down a protected cruiser (Yard No. 612) at its Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne shipyard as a stock ship (i.e. without an order from a customer). The ship soon found a buyer, with Argentina, involved in dispute with Chile over the border between the two nations in Patagonia, purchasing the ship on 27 November 1893, and named it Buenos Aires.
Buenos Aires was launched on 10 May 1895, and underwent steaming trials on 2 November 1895, reaching an average speed of over a period of six hours with natural draught, making it the fastest cruiser in the world. Gunnery trials followed on 29 November that year. The ship was completed in February 1896, and reaching Argentina on 29 April 1896.
Design
Buenos Aires was of similar design to the Chilean cruiser Blanco Encalada, the previous protected cruiser built by Armstrong and Mitchell, but with a modified armament. Buenos Aires'''s hull had an overall length of , and a length between perpendiculars of . It had a beam of and a draught of . Like Blanco Encalada, Buenos Aires had a flush deck layout, and its hull was wood and copper sheathed to reduce fouling. The ship displaced .Chesneau and Kolesnik 1979, pp. 403, 412.
The ship was powered by two 4-cylinder triple-expansion steam engines fed by eight horizontal return tube boilers and driving two propeller shafts. This machinery was designed to give with natural draught and under forced draught, but managed to generate under natural draught during trials.
The ship's main armament consisted of two 8 inch (203 mm) /45 calibre guns (compared to the 40 calibre guns fitted to Blanco Encalada), mounted fore and aft behind shields on the ship's centreline. These guns could fire or shells at a velocity of and respectively at a rate of fire of up to four rounds per gun per minute. Secondary armament consisted of a mixed battery of four 6 inch (152 mm) /45 calibre and six 4.7 inch (120 mm) /45 calibre quick-firing guns, (compared to the ten 6 inch /40 calibre guns mounted on Blanco Encalada) which could fire and shells at a rate of 7 rounds per minute and 10 rounds per minute respectively. Tertiary armament consisted of sixteen three-pounder (47 mm) guns, while six QF 1-pounder pom-pom automatic guns were mounted on the ship's fighting tops. Five 18 inch torpedo tubes were fitted, one fixed in the box and four on the ship's broadside.The Engineer 31 July 1896, p. 106.
As a protected cruiser, the ship's main protective armour was a sloping armoured deck of steel, with thickness of between and , with the ship's conning tower protected by armour and the gunshields thick.
Operational history
After arriving in Argentina, Buenos Aires joined the 1st Division of the fleet. The ship settled into a routine of naval exercises, interspersed with use as a survey ship. In 1906, the ship returned to the United Kingdom for refurbishment of its armament, while in 1911, it again returned to Britain to participate in the Fleet review at Spithead to celebrate the coronation of King George V.
In 1926, Buenos Aires transported a four-man Spanish Air Force crew which included Major Ramón Franco and copilot/navigator Captain Julio Ruiz de Alda Miqueleiz from Argentina to a hero's welcome in Spain. Between 22 January and 10 February 1926, the aviators had made a seven-stop, 6,300-mile (10,145-kilometer) flight of just under 51 hours from Spain to Buenos Aires in the Dornier Do J Wal ("Whale") flying boat Plus Ultra ("Farther Still").Buenos Aires'' was stricken on 17 May 1932, and sold for scrapping in 1935.
Notes and references
Notes
Citations
References
See also
List of cruisers
List of ships of the Argentine Navy
Further reading
External links
Cruisers of the Argentine Navy
Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth
1895 ships
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41040933
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven%20Sweethearts
|
Seven Sweethearts
|
Seven Sweethearts is a 1942 musical film directed by Frank Borzage and starring Kathryn Grayson, Marsha Hunt and Van Heflin.
In 1949, Hungarian playwright Ferenc Herczeg sued MGM, producer Joe Pasternak and screenwriters Walter Reisch and Leo Townsend for $200,000, alleging that they had plagiarized Herczeg's 1903 play Seven Sisters, which Paramount Pictures had adapted into the 1915 film The Seven Sisters, starring Madge Evans.
Kathryn Grayson's real-life sister Frances Raeburn plays Cornelius.
Plot
Mr. Van Maaster is a hotelier in Little Delft, Michigan. By family tradition, the oldest of his seven daughters must marry first, but Regina wants to move to New York to become an actress. The youngest, Billie, has the sweetest singing voice. All seven sisters are married in the same ceremony.
Cast
Kathryn Grayson as Billie Van Maaster
Marsha Hunt as Regina 'Reggie' Van Maaster
Cecilia Parker as Victor Van Maaster
Peggy Moran as Albert 'Al' Van Maaster
Dorothy Morris as Peter Van Maaster
Frances Rafferty as George Van Maaster
Frances Raeburn as Cornelius Van Maaster
Van Heflin as Henry Taggart
Carl Esmond as Carl Randall
Michael Butler as Bernard Groton, Peter's Beau
Cliff Danielson as Martin Leyden, Victor's Beau
William Roberts as Anthony Vreeland, Cornelius's Beau
James Warren as Theodore Vaney, Albert's Beau
Dick Simmons as Paul Brandt, George's Beau
S. Z. Sakall as Mr. Van Maaster, the Father
Diana Lewis as Mrs. Nugent
Lewis Howard as Mr. Nugent
Donald Meek as Reverend Howgan
Louise Beavers as Petunia
Music
Although sometimes tagged as a musical, all the songs in the film are diegetic, with no unheard accompaniment to the songs, and all with Billie as soloist. They include an English version ("There Is a Dreamboat on High") of a berceuse (Wiegenlied/lullaby), long attributed (and in the film) to Mozart, but it was in fact composed by Friedrich Fleischmann (Schlafe, mein Prinzchen, schlaf ein, 1799).
A scene in which a pianist lodger plays a melody to lull the hotelier to sleep features Rock-a-bye Baby, derived from English ballad Lillibullero, itself derived from the quickstep section of a march by Henry Purcell. At a climactic moment in the tulip festival the aria "Je suis Titania" (from the French opera Mignon) is heard. Other songs written by the team of Walter Jurmann (music) and Paul Francis Webster (lyrics) featuring Kathryn Grayson as soloist include "You and the Waltz and I", "Little Tingle Tangle Toes" and "Tulip Time".
Reception
According to MGM records the film earned $638,000 in the U.S. and Canada and $1,048,000 elsewhere (a rarity for MGM, as most films earned more money domestically until after World War II), returning a profit of $364,000.
References
External links
1942 films
American black-and-white films
1940s romantic musical films
American romantic musical films
Films scored by Franz Waxman
American films based on plays
Films based on works by Ferenc Herczeg
Films directed by Frank Borzage
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films produced by Frank Borzage
Films produced by Joe Pasternak
1940s English-language films
1940s American films
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41040939
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kami%2C%20Perempuan
|
Kami, Perempuan
|
Kami, Perempoean (Perfected Spelling: Kami, Perempuan; Indonesian for We, the Women) is a 1943 stage play in one act by Armijn Pane. The six-character drama revolves around a conflict between two couples, with the women considering the men cowards for not wanting to join the Defenders of the Homeland and the men afraid of how the women will react to them having secretly joined. Despite warnings from the women's mother and father, the men prepare to leave for their training, with their partner's blessings.
Written during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), while Pane was an employee of the Cultural Centre in Jakarta, Kami, Perempuan is similar to contemporary plays owing to its openly pro-Japanese message and emphasis on everyday issues experienced by average people. Discussions of the play have found it to be pro-Japanese propaganda, suggesting that men should join the military to please their women, though it has also been suggested that the play is in fact a warning against accepting the Defenders of the Homeland as being for Indonesia. Kami, Perempuan was performed numerous times in 1943, and its script has been compiled in a book.
Plot
Mahmud is sitting in his living room, lost in thought, as a newspaper hangs upside-down in his hands. His wife, Aminah, enters, and asks him what he is doing. When he answers that he is reading the newspaper, Aminah turns it right-side up and ridicules him. After she again interrupts him, Mahmud leaves the home.
Aminah's parents come in soon afterwards and ask where Mahmud has gone, to which she replies "out". Their discussion is interrupted when Aminah's younger sister Sri comes in, upset, and tells them that she has just broken up with her fiancé, Supono. Upon questioning her, the family learns that Pono had likewise been pushed to join the recently established Pembela Tanah Air (PETA; Defenders of the Homeland), and refused; Sri had broken off their engagement rather than marry a coward, saying that if she were a man she would have certainly joined. Aminah implies that Mahmud has likewise refused to join.
Sri is left in the living room as Aminah and their mother go to tend to Aminah's child, while their father goes to read the newspaper. Mahmud comes in, and quietly asks Sri to help him. He reveals that he had registered to join PETA several weeks prior and was to leave for training that very night, but was unsure of how Aminah would accept it. Sri tells him that she will ask her sister and has Mahmud hide in a wardrobe. After she leaves the room, Supono and Aminah enter from other doors. Supono, unknown to him, is in a similar situation to Mahmud, and Aminah convinces him to hide beneath a table as she asks Sri.
The sisters meet in the living room and discuss how they would feel if each of their partners were – hypothetically – to leave for PETA training. Sri insults Supono's bravery, saying that he would never do it; Aminah feels the same about Mahmud. Ultimately the sisters decide to answer together, both expressing approval. Hearing this, Mahmud and Supono leave their hiding places and shout "Live, Srikandi of Indonesia!" The four are excited, and Sri and Supono prepare for a quick wedding. Aminah and Sri's parents, however, are frightened upon hearing that the men will join PETA.
Characters
Mahmud, Aminah's husband
Aminah, wife of Mahmud and sister of Sri
Sri, sister of Aminah and fiancée of Supono
Supono, fiancé of Sri
Aminah and Sri's mother and father
Writing and publication
Kami, Perempuan was written by Armijn Pane, a Sumatra-born journalist and man of letters. Before the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies had begun in 1942, Pane had made a name for himself in helping to establish the magazine Poedjangga Baroe in 1933 and with his novel Belenggu (Shackles; 1940). His first stage play, Lukisan Masa (Portrait of the Times), had been performed and published in May 1937.
By 1942 Pane was one of the most prominent playwrights in Java, together with El Hakim (pseud. Aboe Hanifah) and Usmar Ismail. Their works often dealt with politics, a sense of nationalism, and the influence of one's environment—particularly tradition, ethics, and religion. As with Kami, Perempuan, these works were oriented around everyday events and featured average people, as opposed to the earlier stories based in mythology and telling of gods and goddesses.
After the Cultural Centre (in Indonesian, ; in Japanese, ) opened in Jakarta on 1 April 1943, Pane served as the head of its literature desk. This office was tasked with the establishment of a pro-Japanese and pro-Greater Asia culture. Numerous stage plays were written which promoted these ideals of the Empire of Japan, including Rd Ariffien's Ratoe Asia and various works by Hinatsu Eitaro and D. Suradji.
Kami, Perempuan premiered in 1943 in Jakarta. It received multiple performances that year, some in Jakarta, some in other parts of Java. In 1950 Pane included Kami, Perempuan in his book Djinak-Djinak Merpati dengan Tjerita2 Sandiwara Lain, a collection of his stage plays. For this publication Pane removed a scene in which two neighbours came to visit the family, which included further conversation. Pane considered this scene to be anticlimactic, whereas without it the play's title became more appropriate. Another, smaller, change to the play was the removal of the names of Japan's enemies during World War II.
Themes
Indonesian literary critic Boen Sri Oemarjati finds Kami, Perempuan to be a romance which also shows the strength and virility of the Indonesian people. She concludes, however, that it is a work of propaganda, summarising its message as "Women with the spirit of Srikandi want their husbands to be as strong and virile as their own hearts", and to do so they must join PETA. M. Yoesoef of the University of Indonesia likewise categorises the play as propaganda vehicle, emphasising the theme of women willing to surrender their lovers to PETA, for the good of the nation.
Chris Woodrich of Gadjah Mada University, meanwhile, argues that the play is a veiled warning against considering PETA as a nationalistic. Considering Pane's position at the Cultural Bureau, Woodrich suggests that Pane would have been aware of the Japanese occupation government's ultimate goal for PETA: to help defend the Indonesian archipelago against the Allies if necessary, a message which had to be conveyed implicitly owing to Pane's own position and the Japanese occupation government's strict censorship. Woodrich points to Aminah's father, a former employee of the Dutch colonial government, and suggests that the character's protests about joining PETA, seemingly in order to promote the safety and comfort of home, are actually based on an understanding of the colonial mindset and the accompanying manipulation; in-text, these protests can only be conveyed in implicit terms owing to the father's fear of the Japanese government.
Explanatory notes
References
Works cited
Indonesian plays
1943 plays
Pembela Tanah Air
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41040994
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%20Rong
|
Li Rong
|
Li Rong may refer to:
Li Rong (philosopher) (), Taoist philosopher of the Chinese Tang dynasty
Li Rong (prince) (812–840), imperial prince of the Chinese Tang dynasty
Li Rong (), late Tang dynasty compiler and author of Duyizhi
Li Rong (linguist) (1920–2002), Chinese linguist and dialectologist
|
41041000
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future%20planning%20for%20disability%20care
|
Future planning for disability care
|
For many elderly carers of a relative who has a learning or other disability, future planning is an issue. The population of older parents who have children with a learning disability is growing and many of their children are likely to outlive them. In many cases the caring role can span up to seven decades, ending only with their death. Governments and other service providers cannot ignore the pressing needs of this population and their parent and sibling carers. In most countries, family carers provide inexpensive care for a person with a learning disability and other disabilities. This trend is set to continue in England. Demographic changes and the health needs of these two growing populations must be considered against government policy constraints and limited in-home and external care options in order to avoid a crisis. The consequences of not supporting these family carers will lead to crisis management, increase in distress and care giving burdens, and increased spending on unsuitable crisis placements. Housing and financial guidance are issues for caregivers.
Future plan
A future plan is a structured plan for a carer's relative who has a learning disability covering all aspects of well-being of that person. Clarifying and sharing the future plan for the relative is very important. A clear written statement of the carer's future plan enables key people to understand the relative's perspective. It allows others to understand what is involved and provides new opportunities for the family to contribute to the plan. Plans are often not put in place as a result of denial by parents or carers of their own mortality and of the fact that they won't be able to help. Carers have referred to a lack of support and guidance and are reluctant to ask for help.
Housing
United Kingdom
Many family carers find it uncomfortable to explore out-of-home placements (housing) and support (or personal care) options for their relative with learning disabilities. Research has shown that older parents or sibling carers want their relative to stay within their own home either with family or professional support, or move into a home of a sibling. Residential care is a lesser preferred option.
Housing and support in Northern Ireland can be either provided separately by different organisations or offered together by the same organisation. Such services were provided by Health & Social Care Trusts, although recently there are a number of alternative providers (i.e. Mencap, Positive Futures, PRAXIS, APEX and Trinity Housing). These offer people with learning disabilities different living and support arrangements. The majority of people with learning disabilities in Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom live with their family. Family carers have limited knowledge about the different housing options that are available. Potential housing options in Northern Ireland include supported living, residential care, nursing home accommodation, adult placements and intentional community.
Funding
United Kingdom
Disability Living Allowance (DLA) or Personal Independence Payment (PIP) is paid at different rates depending on how a disability affects someone. Disability Living Allowance is in two parts: the care component and the mobility component.
Attendance Allowance is, in 2013, paid weekly at two different rates. It depends on the level of help required. Extra Pension Credit or Housing Benefit is also available. Incapacity Benefit, which replaced Invalidity Benefit and has been replaced by Employment and Support Allowance, is money for people who cannot work because they are sick or disabled. Independent Living Fund (ILF) provides money to help disabled people live an independent life in the community rather than in residential care.
There are different methods to fund housing and support options (in Northern Ireland). Direct payments from social services are payments made to the family carer or the person with the learning disability to buy care services. Direct payments give the family carer money instead of social care services. Carers have a greater choice and control over the life of a person with a learning disability, and are able to make decisions about how care is delivered.
Emergency plans
Emergency plans are for any period when the caregiver is unable to care for their charge for a short-period of time. Family carers want to continue caring for as long as possible and also want to engage in emergency and future planning. Educational programmes have been developed to help ageing parents prepare future plans. Without plans and supports in place, individuals with learning disabilities may be placed in inappropriate settings, or in unexpected care provided by other family members.
See also
Will and testament
Trusts
Trustee
References
External links
Mencap UK charity offering support
Golden Lane Housing charity in England and Wales providing housing in partnership with Mencap
Sibs UK charity offering support
Positive Futures a Northern Ireland charity supporting people with an intellectual disability, autism and acquired brain injury.
Learning disabilities
Disability
Caregiving
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41041012
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%20Awakens
|
Earth Awakens
|
Earth Awakens is a science fiction novel by American writers Orson Scott Card and Aaron Johnston, and the third book of the First Formic Wars trilogy of novels in the Ender's Game series. It was released on June 10, 2014. It was nominated for the Goodreads Choice Award for science fiction.
Plot
With an alien invasion in progress in China, humanity is divided on how to defend itself. The Chinese government is determined to go it alone, despite suffering catastrophic losses. Captain Wit O'Toole of the Mobile Operations Police (MOP) and Mazer Rackham have managed to destroy one of the three alien landers, but because they achieved the first significant human victory of the war without official approval and using a nuclear warhead obtained without authorization, they are in the custody of Chinese General Sima. During the invasion, Mazer Rackham saves Bingwen, a very intelligent eight-year-old Chinese boy who now comes up with a clever ploy to get them released: he spreads word over the internet that they were acting under Sima's orders and gives Sima full credit.
Meanwhile, Victor Delgado and Imala Bootstamp drift to the alien mothership in a ship disguised to avoid being destroyed. Victor manages to enter and explore the vessel. They survive a failed drone attack on the alien ship and, after getting away again, confront Lem Jukes, whom they suspect of involvement in the attack. Actually, it was launched by Lem's father, Ukko. Lem tried to stop or delay it.
Based on what he has learned, Victor devises a plan to capture it, and reluctantly accepts Lem's help in carrying it out. The MOPs, including Wit and Mazer, are recruited to become the rest of Victor's boarding party. Despite Victor's objections, Imala volunteers as well.
When the Formics detect the intruders, all of their forces on Earth leave to go to their ship's defense. Lem leads a force to hold them off, resulting in a fierce space battle. Aboard the Mothership, Wit has to sacrifice his life, exposing himself to quickly lethal levels of radiation, but Victor's plan succeeds, and the ship is captured intact. However, Victor's cousin, Edimar, backtracks the path of the alien ship and discovers that it was only a scout ship; the real Mothership is reconfiguring itself into a battle fleet that will arrive in about five years.
See also
The Formic Wars: Silent Strike
List of Ender's Game characters
Orson Scott Card bibliography
References
Further reading
Rising Shadow: Earth Awakens
External links
2014 American novels
2014 science fiction novels
American science fiction novels
Novels by Orson Scott Card
Alien invasions in novels
Space opera novels
Tor Books books
|
41041052
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20nasifera
|
Gravitcornutia nasifera
|
Gravitcornutia nasifera is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
The wingspan is 13 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is white with grey suffusions and some grey and blackish dots. The markings are black grey. The hindwings are brownish cream.
Etymology
The species name refers to the process of the aedeagus and is derived from Latin nasus (meaning nose) and ferro (meaning I carry).
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41041064
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20recta
|
Gravitcornutia recta
|
Gravitcornutia recta is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
The wingspan is 14 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is whitish with blackish suffusions and strigulae (fine streaks). The markings are grey with black marks. The hindwings are brownish grey, but pale basally, with indistinct darker strigulae.
Etymology
The species name refers to simple forewing pattern and is derived from Latin recta (meaning simple).
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41041074
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caisse%20populaire%20Desjardins%20de%20l%27Est%20de%20Drummond%20v%20Canada
|
Caisse populaire Desjardins de l'Est de Drummond v Canada
|
Caisse populaire Desjardins de l'Est de Drummond v Canada is a Canadian income tax law case of the Supreme Court of Canada that has wide-ranging application to other areas of federal and provincial jurisdiction when dealing with cash collateral arrangements and security interests.
Background
In September 2000, Les Entreprises Camvrac Inc. was granted a line of credit of $277,000 by the Caisse populaire du Bon Conseil in Notre-Dame-du-Bon-Conseil, Quebec, and in return it made a term deposit of $200,000 which was neither negotiable nor transferable during the line's term. In the event of default, it was agreed that there would be compensation between the credit agreement and the term deposit.
In November 2000, Camvrac defaulted on the credit agreement and later made an assignment in bankruptcy. As it had failed to remit source deductions with respect to income taxes and employment insurance premiums, which are subject to a deemed trust under the Income Tax Act (Canada) and the Employment Insurance Act, the Crown gave the Caisse notice to pay the amount owing to the Crown from the proceeds of the deposit. The Caisse challenged the recovery process, contending that its obligation applied only to the "proceeds from" the property subject to the trust, and that in reality it had not received any "proceeds from" the term deposit certificate.
The courts below
Mme Prothonotary Tabib of the Federal Court of Canada, at first instance, held that the term deposit constituted a benefit to the Caisse, and by extension the "proceeds from a property" must be construed as including any set-off or benefit received in exchange or in consideration of the property. As she observed:
The judgment was sustained at a full trial in the Federal Court by Pinard J, and subsequently at the Federal Court of Appeal in a ruling by Létourneau JA. The Caisse appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada.
At the SCC
The appeal was dismissed in a 5-2 ruling. Rothstein J wrote the ruling for the majority, and Deschamps J delivered a detailed dissent.
Majority ruling
The primary issue was identified as to whether the Crown was the beneficial owner of Camvrac's term deposit to the extent of its liability to the Crown, under the deemed trust provisions of the Acts. Rothstein J held that it was:
s. 227(4.1) of the ITA declares that a deemed trust operates notwithstanding any "security interest" that may exist in property held by a taxpayer or a secured creditor
s. 224(1.3) provides for an expansive definition of a "security interest"
similar provisions exist in the EIA
they are effective because "[f]or particular purposes Parliament can and does create its own lexicon," and it is open to Parliament to define a term in an area of its own legislative competence
the current statutory régime was introduced to oust the previous patchwork of federal and provincial rules identified in Royal Bank of Canada v. Sparrow Electric Corp.
He further held that the right of compensation under ss. 16721673 of the Civil Code of Quebec (analogous to the concept of set-off in the common-law provinces) can fall within the scope of a "security interest" as defined, but not in every case:
In the case at hand he held that it was:
Dissent
Deschamps J, in her analysis, held that the concept of "security interest" was not as broad as was expressed by Rothstein J:
the English and French definitions ("security interest" and "garantie") were not identical in scope, with the French definition being less precise
it is therefore important that the two versions be read together and that the meaning of the terms be harmonized
under the Interpretation Act (Canada), the law of the province is the relevant source
absent an express provision to the contrary, federal legislation must be interpreted in a manner consistent with the concepts and institutions of the legal system of the province in which it is to be applied
In that regard, the following observations can be made in how this should be applied in Quebec:
the common law concept of security interest therefore corresponds, in civil law terms, not to a personal right, but to a real right
in the CCQ, the concept of real right includes forms of security that have been consolidated in the concept of the hypothec
the provisions relating to compensation fall within the CCQ'''s chapter on the extinction of obligations, and not in that relating to hypothecs
since compensation has not been included in the list of examples of what constitutes a "security interest" under the ITA, the Caisse's right can constitute a security interest only if it entails a real right
the automatic extinction of mutual debts is an effect of compensation, but it does not constitute the enforcement of a real right in the property in question
the scope of the English term "security interest" is better expressed in French by the term "sûreté"
She would have allowed the appeal, and remanded the case back to the trial judge, as compensation cannot be considered to be a "security interest": the Caisse's contractual right may be set up against the Crown, because the Crown cannot have more rights than Camvrac itself had.
In response to Deschamps J's dissent, Rothstein J stated the following:
mutual obligations must exist for compensation to be an effective remedy
a contract containing a right to set-off can also confer on a creditor an interest in a debtor's property
while compensation does not appear grouped with hypothecs in the CCQ, the issue is not whether compensation is a security interest: the list is non‑exhaustive, and so long as an agreement confers on a creditor an interest in property that secures the payment or performance of an obligation through compensation, the agreement will constitute a "security interest" within the meaning of s. 224(1.3) ITA an agreement that provides for security together with a right of set-off to realize on that security is not expressly excluded in any of the common law provincial personal property security statutes: what is required by them is a decision about whether a particular contract or agreement in a given case functions as a security interest.
at both civil and common law, a claim, like a deposit, may be charged with a real right or become the subject of a creditor's interest in property
even if the obligation to maintain and the right to retain are residual and apply only after the five-year term of the deposit has expired, they are nonetheless encumbrances that could affect Camvrac's use of its property
the right of retention, the obligation to maintain and Camvrac's pledge not to hypothecate or use its term deposit as security in favour of anyone besides the Caisse were three of a series of encumbrances that created the Caisse's interest in or right over Camvrac's property to ensure that compensation would be an effective remedy.
Impact
The SCC ruling has proved to be controversial. Many legal scholars and commentators preferred Deschamps J's reasoning to that of Rothstein J's.
As the ITA's definition of "security interest" is quite similar to that embodied in the various provincial Personal Property Security Acts, lenders may be exposed to attack, not just from the Canada Revenue Agency but also from trustees in bankruptcy, and secured creditors from their depositors, if security interests are not perfected by registration in the common law provinces, or published as a movable hypothec without delivery in Quebec.
This decision has the potential to have a significant impact on insolvency practice across Canada. By increasing personal liability, it widens the scope of liability where not only financial institutions, but all persons both dealing with tax debtors and receiving payments while a deemed trust exists, may be liable.
Cash collateral agreements commonly rely on what has been called a "triple cocktail" of set-off, security interest and "flawed asset". In effect, Caisse Populaire stands for the proposition that the first and third element of the "triple cocktail" automatically combine to form the second, even though the lender may regard them as conceptually distinct.
Derivative agreements such as those embodied in International Swaps and Derivatives Association contracts may also fall within the scope of the decision. Unlike in the United States, Canadian security interests in cash deposits are not perfected by control, as is allowed under Article 9 of the US Uniform Commercial Code. Registration is the only option, which can expose a counterparty to the risk of subordination to prior registered interests. It has been argued, however, that in the case of title transfers of securities (or cash in a securities account), provincial Securities Transfer Acts'' or other laws similar to UCC's Article 8 would ensure that the collateral taker should be perfected by control.
Lenders have been advised to take several steps to minimize the risk of exposure in such situations:
Agreements should be carefully drafted, and lenders should be fully aware of the overall nature of the arrangement between the parties.
Borrowers should be required to give appropriate representations, covenants and warranties regarding payments that, where unpaid, would result in the Crown obtaining "super priority."
Lenders may want to require that borrowers use third-party payroll services to ensure that wages and remittances are paid on a timely basis, as well as having the option to audit such payrolls.
References
Supreme Court of Canada cases
Taxation in Canada
2009 in Canadian case law
Taxation case law
Canadian insolvency case law
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41041080
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20camacae
|
Gravitcornutia camacae
|
Gravitcornutia camacae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Bahia, Brazil.
The wingspan is 10.5 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is yellowish cream with brownish-yellow strigulae (fine streaks) and dots. The hindwings are brown cream.
Etymology
The species name refers to the type locality.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41041091
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20major
|
Gravitcornutia major
|
Gravitcornutia major is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
|
41041101
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20rhomboidea
|
Gravitcornutia rhomboidea
|
Gravitcornutia rhomboidea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in São Paulo, Brazil. It was first identified there in 1987.
The wingspan is 13 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is white sprinkled and suffused with brownish. The markings are black brown. The hindwings are cream, but brownish on the periphery. This species is visually very similar to Gravitcornutia nigribasana.
Etymology
This specie's name refers to the shape of the sterigma lobes and is derived from Latin rhombus (meaning rhomb).
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041105
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweta%20Singh
|
Sweta Singh
|
Sweta Singh is an Indian journalist and news presenter. She is a news anchor and Senior Executive Editor of Special Programming at Aaj Tak.
Career
Singh started her career while still in first year of graduate studies in Patna University. She has several bylines to her name in The Times of India Patna edition and Hindustan Times Patna edition, before she switched to electronic media in 1998. She worked for Zee News and Sahara, before joining Aaj Tak in 2002. She is known for her expertise in covering sports-related news. Her show Sourav ka Sixer won the award for best sports programme by Sports Journalism Federation of India (SJFI) in 2005.
She has also made appearances in some films, like Chak De! India, Chakravyuh and Jhund as an Aaj Tak news presenter. Singh also did the show History of Patliputra during 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election.
Singh has been criticized for not questioning the ruling NDA government. In 2016, after the NDA government announced the demonetisation of Indian banknotes, she had incorrectly stated that the then newly introduced Indian 2000-rupee note will contain advanced nanochips.
References
External links
Official Website
Indian opinion journalists
Writers from Patna
Journalists from Bihar
Patna University alumni
Living people
Indian women columnists
Indian columnists
Indian women television journalists
Indian television journalists
Women writers from Bihar
Indian women journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
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41041113
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20strigulata
|
Gravitcornutia strigulata
|
Gravitcornutia strigulata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
The wingspan is 14 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is whitish, mostly mixed with greyish and strigulated (finely streaked) brown. The markings are dark brown. The hindwings are cream with a weak brownish admixture, especially in the distal area.
Etymology
The species' name refers to forewing markings and is derived from Latin strigulata (meaning strigulated).
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041127
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20caracae
|
Gravitcornutia caracae
|
Gravitcornutia caracae is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The wingspan is 11 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is brownish white with brownish suffusions. The markings are brownish. The hindwings are brownish cream, but browner in the apex area.
Etymology
The species name refers to the type locality, Caraca.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041129
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20artists%20from%20the%20Isle%20of%20Man
|
List of artists from the Isle of Man
|
A list of notable visual artists who were either born on the Isle of Man, or are known for their work on the Isle of Man.
The list
Rayner Hoff (1894–1937), Manx-born sculptor moved to Australia aged 28
William Hoggatt (1879–1961), artist who moved to the Isle of Man in 1907
Bryan Kneale RA (born 1930, Douglas), prize-winning sculptor, now lives in London
Archibald Knox (1864–1933), a designer with an interest in Celtic art
Paul Lewthwaite (born 1969, Douglas), a sculptor
Baillie Scott (1865–1945), artist and architect who studied on the IOM and lived there for 12 years
See also
List of residents of the Isle of Man
References
Isle of Man
Artists
Artists
Manx artists
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41041137
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20cinnamomea
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Gravitcornutia cinnamomea
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Gravitcornutia cinnamomea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil in the states of Santa Catarina and São Paulo.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041143
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omari%20Akhmedov
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Omari Akhmedov
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Omari Akhmedov (born October 12, 1987) is a Russian professional mixed martial artist who currently competes in the Light Heavyweight division of Professional Fighters League (PFL). He previously fought in the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
Background
Akhmedov was born on October 12, 1987, in the town of Kizlyar in modern-day Dagestan, Russia, in a Lak family and is a devout Sunni Muslim. Like many children in Dagestan, Akhmedov engaged in freestyle wrestling from a young age and would go on to hold an accomplished career in the sport before transitioning to MMA. Before his career in MMA, Akhmedov also had accomplished careers in combat sambo, as well as Russian hand-to-hand combat and Russian pankration.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
Akhmedov made his professional MMA debut on January 30, 2010, when he faced Iskhan Zakharian at ProFC: Fight Night 2. He won the fight via rear-naked choke. Following this, Akhmedov would compile a professional record of 12–1 before being signed by the Ultimate Fighting Championship in September 2013.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Akhmedov signed a four-fight deal with the UFC in September 2013.
In his promotional debut, Akhmedov faced Thiago Perpétuo on November 9, 2013, at UFC Fight Night 32. It was a back-and-forth fight that saw both men rocked by punches before Akhmedov won the fight via knockout. The win also earned him his first Fight of the Night bonus award. After the fight, Akhmedov expressed a desire to move down to welterweight.
In his welterweight debut, Akhmedov faced Gunnar Nelson on March 8, 2014, at UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Manuwa. He lost the fight via guillotine choke submission in the first round.
Akhmedov faced Mats Nilsson on January 3, 2015, at UFC 182. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
Akhmedov faced Brian Ebersole on June 6, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 68, replacing an injured Alan Jouban. He won the fight via TKO after Ebersole was unable to continue after the first round due to a knee injury sustained from a kick by Akhmedov.
Akhmedov was expected to face Lyman Good on December 10, 2015, at UFC Fight Night 80. However, Good was pulled from the bout in late October and was replaced by Sérgio Moraes.
Akhmedov next faced Elizeu Zaleski dos Santosi on April 16, 2016, at UFC on Fox 19. After arguably winning the first two rounds, Akhmedov was stopped via TKO in the third round. The back and forth action earned both participants Fight of the Night honors.
Akhmedov was tabbed as a short notice replacement for Dominique Steele and faced Kyle Noke on November 27, 2016, at UFC Fight Night 101. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
Akhmedov faced Abdul Razak Alhassan on May 28, 2017, at UFC Fight Night 109. He won the fight by split decision.
Akhmedov faced Marvin Vettori on December 30, 2017, at UFC 219. The back-and-forth fight ended in a majority draw.
Akhmedov was expected to face CB Dollaway on September 15, 2018, at UFC Fight Night 136. However, Akhmedov pulled out of the fight in early September and was replaced by promotional newcomer Artem Frolov.
Akhmedov faced Tim Boetsch on March 9, 2019, at UFC Fight Night 147. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
Akhmedov faced Zak Cummings on September 7, 2019, at UFC 242. He won the fight by unanimous decision.
Akhmedov faced Ian Heinisch on December 14, 2019, at UFC 245. He won the fight via unanimous decision.
Akhmedov faced Chris Weidman on August 8, 2020, at UFC Fight Night 174.
He lost the fight via unanimous decision.
Akhmedov was briefly linked to a rematch with Marvin Vettori on December 12, 2020, at UFC 256. However, Akhmedov was removed from the bout in mid-October for undisclosed reasons.
Akhmedov was expected to face Tom Breese on January 16, 2021, at UFC on ABC 1. During fight week, the UFC opted to move the bout to UFC on ESPN: Chiesa vs. Magny. He won the bout via second round arm triangle submission.
Akhmedov faced Brad Tavares on July 10, 2021, at UFC 264. He lost the fight via split decision.
After his bout with Tavares, it was announced on July 15, that Akhmedov was released from the UFC.
Professional Fighters League
Akhmedov faced Jordan Young on October 27, 2021, at PFL 10. He lost the bout via TKO in the third round.
2022 season
Akhmedov faced Viktor Pešta on April 23, 2022, at PFL 1. He won the bout after knocking Pešta out in first round.
Akhmedov faced Teodoras Aukštuolis on June 17, 2022, at PFL 4. He won the bout after choking out Teodoras in the second round via arm-triangle choke.
Akhmedov was scheduled to face Antônio Carlos Júnior in the Semifinals off the Light Heavyweight tournament on August 5, 2022, at PFL 7. However, Antonio suffered an ACL injury requiring surgery, being replaced by Josh Silveira for the playoffs. Akhmedov won the bout via unanimous decision.
Akhmedov faced Rob Wilkinson in the finals of the Light Heavyweight tournament on November 25, 2022, at PFL 10. He lost the bout after the fight was stopped by the doctor due to a cut after the second round.
2023 season
Akhmedov was set to start the 2023 season against Will Fleury on April 1, 2023, at PFL 1. However, Akhmedov was forced to withdraw due to suffering an injury and was replaced by Krzysztof Jotko.
Championships and awards
Mixed martial arts
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Fight of the Night (Two times)
Pankration
Pankration Federation Russia
Russian National Pankration Champion (Two times)
Hand-to-hand combat
Russian Union of Martial Arts
Russian National Hand-to-Hand Combat Champion (Two times)
Sambo
Combat Sambo Federation of Russia
Dagestan Combat Sambo Champion
Mixed martial arts record
|-
|Loss
|align=center|24–8–1
|Rob Wilkinson
|TKO (doctor stoppage)
|PFL 10
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|New York City, New York, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|24–7–1
|Josh Silveira
|Decision (unanimous)
|PFL 7
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|New York City, New York, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|23–7–1
|Teodoras Aukštuolis
|Technical submission (arm-triangle choke)
|PFL 4
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|2:50
|Atlanta, Georgia, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|22–7–1
|Viktor Pešta
|KO (punches)
|PFL 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:25
|Arlington, Texas, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|21–7–1
|Jordan Young
|TKO (punches)
|PFL 10
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|1:32
|Hollywood, Florida, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|21–6–1
|Brad Tavares
|Decision (split)
|UFC 264
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|21–5–1
|Tom Breese
|Submission (arm-triangle choke)
|UFC on ESPN: Chiesa vs. Magny
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|1:41
|Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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|-
|Loss
|align=center|20–5–1
|Chris Weidman
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. Oleinik
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|20–4–1
|Ian Heinisch
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 245
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|19–4–1
|Zak Cummings
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 242
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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|-
|Win
|align=center|18–4–1
|Tim Boetsch
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Lewis vs. dos Santos
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Wichita, Kansas, United States
|
|-
|Draw
|align=center|
|Marvin Vettori
|Draw (majority)
|UFC 219
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
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|-
|Win
|align=center|17–4
|Abdul Razak Alhassan
|Decision (split)
|UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Teixeira
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|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Stockholm, Sweden
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|-
|Win
|align=center|16–4
|Kyle Noke
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC Fight Night: Whittaker vs. Brunson
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|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Melbourne, Australia
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|-
|Loss
|align=center|15–4
|Elizeu Zaleski dos Santos
|TKO (punches and knees)
|UFC on Fox: Teixeira vs. Evans
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|align=center|3
|align=center|3:03
|Tampa, Florida, United States
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|-
|Loss
|align=center|15–3
|Sérgio Moraes
|TKO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Namajunas vs. VanZant
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|2:18
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
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|-
|Win
|align=center|15–2
|Brian Ebersole
|TKO (knee injury)
|UFC Fight Night: Boetsch vs. Henderson
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|align=center|1
|align=center|5:00
|New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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|-
|Win
|align=center| 14–2
|Mats Nilsson
|Decision (unanimous)
|UFC 182
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
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|-
|Loss
|align=center| 13–2
|Gunnar Nelson
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Manuwa
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:36
|London, England
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|-
|Win
|align=center|13–1
|Thiago Perpétuo
|KO (punches)
|UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:31
|Goiânia, Brazil
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|-
|Win
|align=center|12–1
|Fabricio Nascimento
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Nord Desant
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:53
|Yugra, Russia
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|-
|Win
|align=center|11–1
|Rafal Haratyk
|KO (punch)
|Battle of Stars 1
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:26
|Makhachkala, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|10–1
|Sergey Karpov
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|Colosseum Battles Champions
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|align=center|1
|align=center|4:58
|Ufa, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|9–1
|Aleksander Boyko
|Submission (triangle choke)
|Odesa Golden Cup
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:02
|Odesa, Ukraine
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|-
|Win
|align=center|8–1
|Aliyor Isakov
|TKO (punches)
|Governors Cup: Saint Petersburg
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:05
|Saint Petersburg, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|7–1
|Talekh Nazhav-Zade
|TKO (punches)
|Governors Cup: Saint Petersburg
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:20
|Saint Petersburg, Russia
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|-
|Win
|align=center|6–1
|Akbar Nabavizade
|TKO (punches)
|Governors Cup: Saint Petersburg
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|2:30
|Saint Petersburg, Russia
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|-
|Win
|align=center|5–1
|Mikhail Istomin
|Submission (armbar)
|ProFC: Grand Prix Global Finals
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|1:22
|Volgograd, Russia
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|-
|Win
|align=center|4–1
|Vladimir Semenov
|Decision (split)
|ProFC Grand Prix Global: Russia I
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Volgograd, Russia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|3–1
|Musa Arslangadzhiev
|TKO (punches)
|Urkarakh Fights
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|align=center|1
|align=center|3:50
|Urkarakh, Russia
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|-
|Loss
|align=center|2–1
|Michail Tsarev
|Submission (guillotine choke)
|ProFC: Russia Cup Stage 2
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|align=center|2
|align=center|4:29
|Ufa, Russia
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|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Magomed Umarov
|Decision (unanimous)
|Pancration Black Sea Cup
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|5:00
|Anapa, Russia
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|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Ishkhan Zakharian
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|ProFC: Fight Night 2
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:40
|Rostov-on-Don, Russia
|
|-
See also
List of current PFL fighters
List of male mixed martial artists
References
External links
1987 births
Laks (Caucasus)
Dagestani mixed martial artists
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Living people
People from Kizlyar
Russian Muslims
Russian Sunni Muslims
Russian expatriates in the United States
Russian male mixed martial artists
Russian sambo practitioners
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
Mixed martial artists utilizing freestyle wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing sambo
Mixed martial artists utilizing ARB
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41041145
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20umbrosa
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Gravitcornutia umbrosa
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Gravitcornutia umbrosa is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil in the states of Santa Catarina and São Paulo.
References
Moths described in 2001
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041146
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Eduardo%20Lozano
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Jorge Eduardo Lozano
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Jorge Eduardo Lozano (born 10 February 1955) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires from 2000 until 2005, when he became bishop of Gualeguaychú. He became coadjutor archbishop of San Juan de Cuyo in 2016 and succeeded to that see in 2017.
Life
Born in Buenos Aires on 10 February 1955, Lozano was ordained to the priesthood by Cardinal Juan Carlos Aramburu, Archbishop of Buenos Aires, on 3 December 1982.
On 4 January 2000, Pope John Paul II appointed him auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires and titular bishop of Furnos Maior.
He received his episcopal consecration on 25 March from Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, with the bishop of San Martín, Raúl Omar Rossi, and auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires, Mario José Serra, serving as co-consecrators.
Pope Benedict XVI appointed him bishop of Gualeguaychú on 22 December 2005, and he was installed on 11 March 2006.
Pope Francis named him coadjutor archbishop for the Archdiocese of San Juan de Cuyo on 31 August 2016, and he became its archbishop on 17 June 2017.
On 6 November 2020 he was named secretary general of the Episcopal Conference of Latin America (CELAM).
References
External links
1955 births
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina
Living people
Clergy from Buenos Aires
Roman Catholic bishops of Gualeguaychú
Roman Catholic archbishops of San Juan de Cuyo
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41041161
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20minima
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Gravitcornutia minima
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Gravitcornutia minima is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Brazil.
The wingspan is 8 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is ochreous yellow. The hindwings are dark brown.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041176
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20bertioga
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Gravitcornutia bertioga
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Gravitcornutia bertioga is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in São Paulo, Brazil.
The wingspan is 9 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is yellowish cream. The markings are yellow brown with browner edges. The hindwings are pale brownish cream.
Etymology
The species name refers to the type locality, Bertioga.
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041187
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Ms.%20Olympia
|
1994 Ms. Olympia
|
The 1994 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on September 9, 1994, in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the 15th Ms. Olympia competition held. It was held in conjunction with the 1994 Mr. Olympia and Masters Olympia.
Results
See also
1994 Mr. Olympia
References
External links
1994 Ms Olympia Results
1994 Ms. Olympia held in Atlanta on September 9th
1994 Ms Olympia Gallery
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
1994 MS. OLYMPIA (DOWNLOAD)
1994 MS. OLYMPIA (DVD)
Ms Olympia, 1994
1994 in bodybuilding
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
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41041192
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitcornutia%20basiceramea
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Gravitcornutia basiceramea
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Gravitcornutia basiceramea is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Bahia, Brazil.
The wingspan is 12 mm. The basal half of the wings is brownish yellow with a few browner dots and brown suffusion of the base of the costa. The median area is brown and the distal third is ochreous brownish with brown strigulae (fine streaks). The hindwings are brown.
Etymology
The species name refers to the colouration of the forewing base and is derived from Greek ceramea or keramos (meaning [colour of] brick or clay).
References
Moths described in 2010
Gravitcornutia
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Józef Razowski
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41041205
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael%20Douady
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Raphael Douady
|
Raphael Douady (born 15 November 1959) is a French mathematician and economist. He holds the Robert Frey Endowed Chair for Quantitative Finance at Stony Brook, New York. He is a fellow of the Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne (Economic Centre of Sorbonne), Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University, and academic director of the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex Refi).
Early life and education
Douady is the son of mathematician Adrien Douady (1935–2006). He is an alumnus of Ecole Normale Supérieure, where he placed first in the entrance exam. He later ranked first in the Agrégation de mathématiques in 1980. He earned his PhD in the fields of Hamiltonian systems in 1982 at the Paris Diderot University (Paris 7), while still a student at ENS, under the guidance of Michael Herman.
Career
In 1983, Douady was appointed to the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). He was affiliated with Ecole Polytechnique (1983–87), Ecole Normale Supérieure (1987–95), the Courant Institute at New York University (1995–97), Ecole Normale Supérieure of Cachan (1997–2001), and a former visiting professor at New York University Polytechnic Institute. In 2001, he founded Riskdata, a private software company, remaining with them until 2011 since when he has been affiliated to Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University.
In 1994, he created and animated the Bachelier Seminar of mathematical finance at Institut Henri Poincaré in Paris. He is also the co-founder, with Marco Avellaneda, of the Seminar of Mathematical Finance held at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Science, New York University. He has advised financial institutions including Société Générale, National Westminster Bank, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce and Citibank.
In 1999, along with Ingmar Adlerberg, a computer scientist from the French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Douady co-founded Riskdata, a company producing risk management software that helps buy-side financial institutions leading a proactive risk management and complying with financial regulations. He continues to be involved as their research director.
In 2013, Douady was appointed as academic director of the Laboratory of Excellence on Financial Regulation (Labex refi), where his role was to supervise approximately sixty researchers on the inter-relations between financial regulations, the financial system and the real economy, and to advise governments and regulators on these issues. In 2015, he was appointed Frey Family endowed chair professor of quantitative finance at State University of New York in Stony Brook University. His role is to lead the graduate program in quantitative finance, initially created by Robert J. Frey.
Notable research
Douady worked on the Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser (KAM) theorem on the existence of invariant tori in Hamiltonian systems. In his PhD thesis he proved the equivalence of KAM theory for Hamiltonian systems and for symplectomorphisms, opening the gate to discrete KAM theory. He contributed to the theory of outer billiards, providing a full proof of a result announced earlier by J. Moser.
Douady is the author of a seminal article in 1988 on Arnold diffusion, where he proved a long-standing conjecture of Vladimir Arnold on the existence of topologically unstable elliptic orbits of Hamiltonian systems in dimensions greater than or equal to 6.
In 1999, he established with Jean-Christophe Yoccoz a theory of automorphic measures of circle diffeomorphisms, a basis for differentiating the rotation number function.
Since 1994, Douady has conducted research in the field of mathematical finance, statistics and economics. He established a generalization of Heath–Jarrow–Morton interest rate model, where the yield curve is represented as a random field. With Monique Jeanblanc, he created a rating-based credit derivatives model that introduced the notion of "rating surface". In collaboration with Albert Shiryaev and Marc Yor he co-authored a theory of Brownian motions downfalls.
Douady has concentrated research on financial instabilities, nonlinearities and systemic risk. He developed a statistical theory, called "polymodels" to compute an anticyclical risk indicator, the "Stress VaR", a more extended version of the Basel III stress tests. In a book co-authored with Thomas Barrau, he demonstrated that polymodels are applicable to a wide range of problems in finance, especially the question of predicting the stock market. Inspired by Minsky's financial instability hypothesis, he proposed a Market Instability Indicator based on the first Lyapunov exponent of flows of funds evolution. In collaboration with Nassim Nicholas Taleb he developed the mathematical foundations of "fragility/antifragility" theory.
Awards
Bronze (1976) and Gold (1977) medallist at the International Mathematical Olympiads.
References
1959 births
Living people
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
École Normale Supérieure alumni
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
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41041206
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Antonio%20Gentico
|
José Antonio Gentico
|
José Antonio Gentico (November 28, 1931 - April 5, 2007) was a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires from 2001 until his death in 2007.
Life
Born in Arnedo, Spain, Gentico was ordained to the priesthood on November 30, 1968.
On March 21, 2001, he was appointed auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires and titular bishop of Mizigi. Gentico received his episcopal consecration on the following April 28 from Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, the later pope Francis, with bishop of Morón, Justo Oscar Laguna, bishop of San Martín, Raúl Omar Rossi, auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires, Joaquín Mariano Sucunza, and auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires, Guillermo Rodríguez Melgarejo, serving as co-consecrators.
He died on April 5, 2007.
See also
Catholic Church in Argentina
References
External links
catholic-hierarchy.org, Bishop José Antonio Gentico
1955 births
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina
Burials at Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral
2007 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina
Roman Catholic bishops of Buenos Aires
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41041226
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Ms.%20Olympia
|
1995 Ms. Olympia
|
The 1995 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on September 9, 1995, in Atlanta, Georgia. It was the 16th Ms. Olympia competition held.
Results
Notable Events
This Ms. Olympia, along with the 1996 Ms. Olympia, had the highest total prize money at a Ms. Olympia, with $115,000, with $50,000 for the winner.
See also
1995 Mr. Olympia
References
External links
1995 Ms Olympia Results
1995 Ms. Olympia held in Atlanta
1995 Ms Olympia Gallery
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
1995 MS. OLYMPIA; FITNESS OLYMPIA (DOWNLOAD)
1995 MS. OLYMPIA AND FITNESS OLYMPIA (DVD)
Ms Olympia, 1995
1995 in bodybuilding
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
|
41041229
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20doubles
|
1989 Australian Open – Men's doubles
|
The men's doubles tournament at the 1989 Australian Open was held from 16 through 29 January 1989 on the outdoor hard courts at the Flinders Park in Melbourne, Australia. Rick Leach and Jim Pugh won the title, defeating Darren Cahill and Mark Kratzmann in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
External links
1989 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Doubles
Australian Open (tennis) by year – Men's doubles
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41041238
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghanaian%20Australians
|
Ghanaian Australians
|
Ghanaian Australians are Australian citizens and residents of Ghanaian origin and descent. More than 50% of those who are Ghana-born live in Sydney.
Background
The Special Commonwealth African Assistance Plan allowed students from West African countries, including from Ghana, to come to Australia the mid-1960s. More than 70 per cent of these students remained in Australia following military coups in their countries. While small in number, the Ghana-born steadily increased from the mid-1970s following the easing of immigration restrictions. The majority of Ghanaian Australians are skilled and educated, with 70.6% of the Ghana-born aged 15 years and over possessing higher non-school qualifications, compared to 55.9% of the Australian population.
Population
The 2011 Census noted there were 3,866 Ghana-born people in Australia. Akan, Ewe and Ga all have many speakers in Australia. Akan has over 2,100 speakers and Ewe has over 400 speakers. Some of the over 10,700 Australian-born who speak an African language may also speak a Ghanaian language.
It was noted in 2014 that the Ghanaian student population in Australia (like the Nigerian one) was growing fast to the extent that Australian universities were keen to attract more students from Ghana.
African restaurants serving up Ghanaian specialties can be found in Sydney.
Ghanaian Australians
Faustina Agolley – TV presenter and host
Kwabena Appiah-Kubi – soccer player for Western Sydney Wanderers
Selasi Berdie – professional rugby league footballer for the Gold Coast Titans
Manu Crooks – rapper
Kofi Danning – soccer player who has played for Australia internationally
Dorinda Hafner – celebrity chef, community activist and TV personality
Nuala Hafner – news reader and TV personality
Citizen Kay – rapper
Miracle – rapper
Matt Okine – Triple J host, actor, comedian, The Project regular; of Ghanaian descent
Genesis Owusu – singer
Isaac Quaynor – AFL footballer (Collingwood Magpies)
Joel Amartey - AFL footballer (Sydney Swans)
Brandon Walker – AFL footballer (Fremantle Dockers)
Kwame Yeboah – soccer player
References
Ethnic groups in Australia
Australia
African Australian
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41041245
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20Ms.%20Olympia
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1996 Ms. Olympia
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The 1996 Ms. Olympia contest was an IFBB professional bodybuilding competition was held on September 20, 1996, in Chicago, Illinois. It was the 17th Ms. Olympia competition held.
Results
Notable Events
This Ms. Olympia, along with the 1995 Ms. Olympia, had the highest total prize money at a Ms. Olympia, with $115,000, with $50,000 for the winner.
This competition had only 12 competitors competing, the fewest competitors competing in Ms. Olympia ever. Only the 2000 Ms. Olympia would match this to have 12 competitors competing.
The song played during the posedown was Unbelievable by EMF.
See also
1996 Mr. Olympia
References
External links
1996 Ms. Olympia held in Chicago on September
1996 Ms Olympia Results
Competitor History of the Ms. Olympia
1996 MS. OLYMPIA (DOWNLOAD)
1996 MS. OLYMPIA (DVD)
Ms Olympia, 1996
1996 in bodybuilding
Ms. Olympia
Ms. Olympia
History of female bodybuilding
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41041253
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20Kharisma%20Sukandar
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Irene Kharisma Sukandar
|
Irene Kharisma Sukandar (born 7 April 1992) is an Indonesian chess player and a two-time Asian women's champion. She is the first female player from Indonesia to achieve both the Woman Grandmaster (WGM) and International Master (IM) titles. She graduated from Gunadarma University. She won two gold medals at the 2013 SEA Games.
Career
Sukandar won the Indonesian Women's Chess Championship four times in a row from 2006 to 2010. She has represented Indonesia in five Women's Chess Olympiads from 2004 to 2014, the Women's Asian Team Chess Championship in 2009, the World Youth Under-16 Chess Olympiad in 2007, the 2006 Asian Games, the 2009 Asian Indoor Games, and the 2013 Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games. She won the individual silver medal on board 3 in the 36th Chess Olympiad in 2004 and bronze in the team blitz chess event at the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games.
Sukandar was joint winner, with Vietnamese player Pham Bich Ngoc, of the under-16 girls' section of the 6th ASEAN Age Group Chess Championships in Pattaya, Thailand in June 2005. In the 2006 ASEAN Age Group Championships in Jakarta, she finished clear first in the under-18 girls' division.
In March 2008, Sukandar won the women's event of the 10th Rector Cup in Kharkiv, Ukraine edging out on tiebreak Ukrainian player Galina Breslavska. In July 2010, Sukandar shared first place with Indian FM Ramnath Bhuvanesh in the Brunei Invitational IM Tournament, earning an International Master (IM) norm result.
She won the 2012 Asian Women's Chess Championship in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Thanks to this victory she qualified to play in the Women's World Championship 2014, which was eventually postponed to 2015, becoming the first Indonesian ever to do so.
In May 2013, Sukandar won the 5th Alexander The Great Open, in Halkidiki, Greece. In December 2013 she won two individual gold medals, for rapid and blitz chess, at the 2013 Southeast Asian Games held in Naypyidaw, Myanmar.
In 2014, Sukandar won for the second time the Asian Women's Championship, which was held that year in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. This victory qualified her for the knockout Women's World Championship 2016.
She won the G section (a ten-player round-robin tournament for female students) of the 2015 Moscow Open with a score of 7.5/9, two points ahead of the runner-up, Alina Kashlinskaya. At the Women's World Chess Championship 2015, Sukandar was knocked out in the first round by Salome Melia.
In 2016, she shared first place in the Master section of the Continental Class Championships in Herndon, Virginia with Julio Catalino Sadorra, Sergey Erenburg and Priyadharshan Kannappan, and won the North Carolina Open with a score of 5/5 points.
In 2018, she was the best female player at the Doeberl Cup by scoring 5.5/9 points. In November 2018, she won the 2018 Hjorth Open by scoring 7.5/9 points.
Between August 17 and August 25, 2022, Sukandar participated in the 28th Abu Dhabi International Chess Festival, a 9-round Swiss-system tournament held in the United Arab Emirates. She scored 5/9 points (4 wins, 3 losses, 2 draws) and had a tournament performance rating of 2586, earning her second GM norm.
Match against Dadang Subur (aka Dewa Kipas)
Sukandar and IM Levy Rozman entered Indonesian news in March 2021 when Rozman was defeated by an Indonesian chess player, Dadang Subur, known on Chess.com as Dewa_Kipas or "Fan God". Rozman suspected cheating, and he reported his opponent's account to the Chess.com Fairplay team. Subur's account was later closed for alleged cheating, which drew sympathy from Indonesian netizens and resulted in Rozman being harassed on social media. Rozman later went private on his social media accounts and took a short hiatus from streaming. Sukandar and the Indonesian Chess Association denounced the actions of Indonesian netizens, agreeing that the actions of Chess.com were correct and proportionate.
In an over-the-board match that was set up and staked by Indonesian sponsors, Sukandar played against Subur to prove his legitimacy. Subur was beaten with a score of 3–0 to an audience that peaked with 1.25 million concurrent viewers online, becoming the most-watched chess stream in history. Subur performed poorly during the matches, which was in stark contrast with his extremely high performance rating in many of his online games. Despite losing, Subur won approximately US$7,000 for his defeat. Subur continued to deny cheating, while Rozman tweeted in response: "Good: Chess can be popular. People who play unfairly will be caught. Bad: He won [US$7,000] and is being called brave and won't admit the truth."
References
Notes
External links
1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Jakarta
Indonesian female chess players
Chess International Masters
Chess woman grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Chess players at the 2006 Asian Games
Chess players at the 2010 Asian Games
Chess players at the 2022 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Indonesia
Competitors at the 2011 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2013 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2019 SEA Games
Competitors at the 2021 SEA Games
SEA Games gold medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games medalists in chess
21st-century Indonesian women
21st-century Indonesian people
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41041257
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dai%20St.%20John
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Dai St. John
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David Jones (1 April 1871 – 23 November 1899) who fought under the name Dai St. John was a Welsh heavyweight boxer. In a time before regulated championship titles, St. John used the press to proclaim himself as heavyweight champion of Wales after beating John O'Brien, a fighter he spent his early career building a rivalry against. Despite a high-profile defeat to O'Brien in 1894, St. John continued to fight, but a disastrous contest in which as a cornerman a boxer died at an unsanctioned match saw his career put in jeopardy. A successful period as a sparring partner for Australian champion Peter Jackson revived his career. After joining the British Army, he was posted to South Africa where he fought in the Second Boer World and died in heroic circumstances at the Battle of Belmont.
Boxing career
St. John was born David Jones in Resolven near Neath in 1871. He was extremely tall for his time, being 6 foot 3 inches. A coal miner by occupation, St. John supplemented his wage through illegal boxing matches and fighting at local fairgrounds. At the age of 19 he travelled to a fairground in Neath where Cardiff based boxer John O'Brien was fighting at a booth. O'Brien, who was recognised as the Welsh heavyweight champion, had been fighting all day and foolishly agreed to accept St. John when he challenged him to a fight. The fight ended in defeat for O'Brien and caused a rift between the two fighters which continued throughout their careers.
Not long after the meeting with O'Brien the two men travelled to London where they spent some time at Bob Habbajim's Boxing School, though a lack of credible opponents led to St. John returning to Wales. With the increasing popularity of gloved boxing, St John was able to engage in more legal fights, and a fight was arranged between him and Tom James of Aberaman at the Drill Hall in Merthyr Tydfil. St. John weighed in at 14 stone 8 pounds, an advantage of 20 pounds over his opponent as well as being three inches taller. As the fight started it was noticed that both men were out of condition, and at the end of the first round both were out of breath. It took until the fourth round for St. John to take advantage landing with a heavy blow to knock his opponent out.
With O'Brien suffering from ill-health and James already beaten, St. John laid claim to the title of Welsh heavyweight champion. This infuriated O'Brien who made it known in the local press that he would challenge St. John to settle the matter. In truth O'Brien was in no condition to face St. John, but his main intention was to publicly challenge his claim. St. John looked for a new opponent, but with little success. Instead a rematch with James was arranged. At first there was interest for the fight to be held at the Kennington Club in London, but the time table suggested did not favour St. John and the bout was arranged for the People's Park in Pontypridd. A large crowd turned out to watch the fight, which saw both men in far better condition than their first encounter. The fight ended in the sixth with St. John the victor, despite being pushed hard by James in the second and third rounds.
In early 1894, O'Brien challenged St.John to stake up £50 to face each other, which was finally agreed to but a venue was yet to be decided. In the buildup to the match the two men met in the ring, but as seconds in a fight between Sam Butcher and Pawdy McCarthy. St. John was in Butcher's corner, and his friend's victory over McCarthy further rankled O'Brien. Eventually interest was shown by the National Sporting Club in London which offered a purse of £50 to host the contest between St. John and O'Brien. The two met on 23 April 1894 and both men had trained tirelessly for the occasion. Despite giving away height and weight to St. John, O'Brien's boxing ability was decisive to the result as he put St. John down in both the second and third rounds. The fight ended in the fifth with O'Brien victorious. After the fight St. John tried to force a rematch with O'Brien and also put out challenges to some of England's best fighters, including Jem Smith, but none were accepted.
With challengers thin on the ground St. John joined the British Army. During authorised leave, St. John was asked to take up the position of cornerman in a fight at a slaughterhouse in Aberdare between David Rees and Thomas Robert Edwards. The fight ended in tragedy when Rees was knocked out of the ring cracking his head on the stone floor. As the crowd fled, St. John remained behind in an attempt to revive the stricken Rees, but the fighter died before medical assistance arrived. Although St. John was cleared of any wrongdoing it cast a shadow over his career. His boxing career was saved when a call came out for a sparring partner for Australian heavyweight champion Peter Jackson who had recently arrived in London. St. John's name was mentioned and he travelled to London where he and Jackson struck up a strong relationship. His time spent with Jackson resulting in the improvement of St John's boxing skills and observers noted the St. John appeared more fluid when he brought Jackson to Pontypridd in an exhibition match.
With St. John's career saved he continued to look for further fights in Wales. He fought James at least one more time, when the two met in Samuel's Saloon in Neath. St. John is reported to have been in poor shape going into the contest and James' superior fighting style put him in charge as the fight came to the end of its six-round distance. When the referee called the contest a draw, there was dissent from large portions of the crowd.
Military history and death
In September 1896, St. John joined the Grenadier Guards. In 1897 he was arrested for being absent without leave after leaving his post in London to fight in Cardiff. St. John was reported as being happy with life in the armed forces, he just found the restrictions connected with the job, limiting.
In 1898, after time spent serving in Gibraltar, St. John was posted on a Nile Expedition. This led to him seeing action at the Battle of Omdurman in Sudan. With the outbreak of the Second Boer War, St John was part of the 3rd Grenadier Guards sent to South Africa. On 23 November 1899, the 3rd Grenadier Guards were involved in the Battle of Belmont, and St John was amongst the troops pinned down at the base of Mount Belmont by Boer snipers on higher ground. When the decision was made to charge the position, St. John was at the forefront of his troop and engaged in hand-to-hand combat with the enemy. Reports vary widely, but it is stated that he killed between four and twelve combatants with his bayonet before his weapon became stuck in an enemy. On trying to retrieve his weapon he was shot in the temple and killed.
References
Bibliography
External links
1871 births
1899 deaths
Welsh male boxers
Heavyweight boxers
Sportspeople from Neath Port Talbot
British military personnel killed in the Second Boer War
British Army personnel of the Mahdist War
Grenadier Guards soldiers
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
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41041264
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Rub%C3%A9n%20Lugones
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Jorge Rubén Lugones
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Jorge Rubén Lugones S.J. (July 31, 1952) is a prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of Orán from 1999 until 2008, when he became bishop of Lomas de Zamora.
Life
Born in Veinticinco de Mayo, Lugones became a member of the Society of Jesus on April 22, 1979. He was ordained to the priesthood on December 3, 1988.
On June 2, 1999, he was appointed bishop of Orán. Lugones received his episcopal consecration on the following July 30 from Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires, the later pope Francis, with archbishop of Resistencia, Carmelo Juan Giaquinta, and archbishop emeritus of Resistencia, Juan José Iriarte, serving as co-consecrators. He was installed as bishop on August 6, 1999.
On October 14, 2008, he was appointed bishop of Lomas de Zamora. He was installed on the following November 22.
External links
catholic-hierarchy.org, Bishop Jorge Rubén Lugones
1952 births
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina
Living people
Jesuit bishops
Argentine Jesuits
Argentine veterinarians
Roman Catholic bishops of Lomas de Zamora
Roman Catholic bishops of Orán
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41041271
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yan%20Yuan
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Yan Yuan
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Yan Yuan (Wade-Giles: Yen Yüan) may refer to:
Yan Hui (disciple of Confucius), also known as Yan Yuan
Yan Yuan (Qing dynasty), Confucian scholar
Yanyuan County, Sichuan
Yanyuan Subdistrict (燕园庄街道), Haidian District, Beijing
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41041311
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolde%20Barth
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Isolde Barth
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Isolde Barth (born 24 August 1948) is a German movie, theater and television actress. She appeared in over 60 films between 1968 and 2013. In 1968 she first appeared in a minor role in the German comedy . She also appeared in Group Portrait with a Lady (1977), directed by Aleksandar Petrović and starring Romy Schneider.
Career
Isolde Maria Theresa Barth played already during her school time at Ursulinen-Gymnasium Mannheim small roles at National Theatre Mannheim. She began her acting training at Staatlichen Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst (University of Music and Performing Arts) Stuttgart and then moved on to the Folkwang University of the Arts Essen. She graduated in summer 1970.
Barth is an internationally known actress. Among many movies she played in the mini-series Holocaust (1978) for American television. She played in Ingmar Bergman's The Serpent's Egg (1977), several productions by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, and in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1991) which was created by George Lucas. In addition to her film roles Isolde Barth was also seen repeatedly in German and French TV productions and series.
In 2007 Isolde Barth was inducted into the Deutsche Filmakademie. Since 2009 she is a member of the jury of the Bavarian Film Awards.
Personal life
Isolde Barth lives in Munich.
Credits
Film
This is only a selection, not a complete list of Barth's movies:
Television
Stage
References
External links
German film actresses
German television actresses
20th-century German actresses
21st-century German actresses
1948 births
Living people
Actors from Rhineland-Palatinate
People from Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis
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41041314
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabalpur%20Municipal%20Corporation
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Jabalpur Municipal Corporation
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Jabalpur Municipal Corporation is the Municipal Corporation responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration of the city of Jabalpur, located in Madhya Pradesh, India. The organization is known, in short, as JMC. This civic administrative body administers an area of . JMC's mayor is Congress leader Jagat Bahadur Annu. The current collector of Jabalpur is Karmveer Sharma.
Jabalpur was one of the first municipalities in India, founded in 1864. The mayor post is held by the Indian National Congress whereas the Bharatiya Janata Party has a majority in the municipal corporation.
Overview
The total area under JMC is . The city is currently divided into 79 wards. Each ward elects a corporator. The winning party elects a council of members, who are responsible for various departments. The council members chose the Mayor among themselves. At present, there are seventy nine members in the council. The Commissioner of Jabalpur is the highest officer of Municipal Corporate Office, which is responsible for the departments of public works, revenue and tax, water supply, planning and development, fire brigade, health and sanitation, finance and accounts etc.
History
Pre-independence
Jabalpur Municipal Corporation was established as Jabalpur Municipal Committee under Lucknow Nagar Palika Act of 1864 under which Dy. Commissioner was named as Chairman of Municipality. W. H. Newhard became the first person to hold the post.
The first pre-independence Nagar Palika president of Jabalpur was Lt. Babu Kanchedi Lal Jain of Lal Bangla.
In the year 1935 the state government took over the total administration of the Municipal Committee, and Murli Manohar Seth was appointed as its administrator.
Post-independence
After Independence, in 1948 the Nagar Palika Act (Act No.3-1948) was passed. Under this Act on 1 June 1950 Jabalpur Nagar Nigam was established and the city was divided into 30 wards. A 43-member committee was set up in which 34 members were directly elected, 6 were selected members, and 3 nominated members.
On 20 October 1959 in a special called meeting, the motto of the organization was decided as Anirvedah Shriyomoolam.
Election results
Municipal Corporation
2014
2022
Mayoral election
2014
2022
Functions
Jabalpur Municipal Corporation is created for the following functions:
Planning for the town including its surroundings which are covered under its Department's Urban Planning Authority .
Approving construction of new buildings and authorising use of land for various purposes.
Improvement of the town's economic and Social status.
Arrangements of water supply towards commercial, residential and industrial purposes.
Planning for fire contingencies through Fire Service Departments.
Creation of solid waste management, public health system and sanitary services.
Working for the development of ecological aspect like development of Urban Forestry and making guidelines for environmental protection.
Working for the development of weaker sections of the society like mentally and physically handicapped,old age and gender biased people.
Making efforts for improvement of slums and poverty removal in the town.
Revenue sources
The following are the Income sources for the Corporation from the Central and State Government.
Revenue from taxes
Following is the Tax related revenue for the corporation.
Property tax.
Profession tax.
Entertainment tax.
Grants from Central and State Government like Goods and Services Tax.
Advertisement tax.
Revenue from non-tax sources
Following is the Non Tax related revenue for the corporation.
Water usage charges.
Fees from Documentation services.
Rent received from municipal property.
Funds from municipal bonds.
See also
List of municipal corporations in India
External links
official website
References
Municipal corporations in Madhya Pradesh
Jabalpur
1992 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
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41041339
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charaxes%20latona
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Charaxes latona
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Charaxes latona, the orange emperor, is a butterfly of the rajahs and nawabs group, i.e. the Charaxinae group of the brush-footed butterflies family. It is native to the tropical rainforests of eastern Indonesia, western Melanesia and far northern Queensland, Australia, where it is limited to the Iron Range.
Technical description
Charaxes latona Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond.
male, female Body above tawny orange, rather darker in front than behind ; below more tawny at sides, but paler in middle ; middle or sterna and tip of anterior tarsi pale buff ; femora buffish white, speckled with black scales ; underside of palpi whitish buff, paler than middle of prosternum.
male Winqs above slightly paler than thorax, both with a broad black border, or the discal luniform markings of the forewing and the postdisco-submarginal patches of the hindwing isolated, with intergradations. Underside deeper fulvous than the upperside, less orange, sometimes partly slate-colour, the bars well defined. Forewing : row of median bars R-SM2 oblique, hence discal interspace R2-SM2 narrower behind than at R2, bar R3- M1 just behind bar R2-R3, or very little more proximal, bars M2-SM2 resembling in shape the number 3, seldom less pointed at (SM1) ; median bars SC3-R2 continuous, forming an angle upon R1 and reaching R2 midway between median and discal bars R2-R3; discal bars fulvous brown or black, well defined, deeply and regularly arched, continuous, prolonged distad upon the veins ; the postdisco-submarginal patches seldom distinct, the paler scaling within them developed costally to some silvery white patches. Hindwing : median bar R3-M1 1 or 2 mm. beyond origin of M1, bar M1-M2 exactly behind it or very little more proximal or distal, bar R2-R3 just in front of it, seldom more proximal ; discal bars strongly arched, conspicuous, the series curving distad in middle, hence more parallel to outer edge of wing than in the other fulvous Charaxes ; black and blue submarginal dots convex outwardly, admarginal fulvous brown bars arched, hence the paler admarginal interspaces, at the outerside of those dots, much narrowed midway between the veins, being here not wider than, scarcely as wide as, the black dots ; upper tail variable in length, triangular, second a mere tooth.
female Larger than male ; wings broader, paler, but basal region often darker ; upper tail longer, but sometimes very short, triangular or of nearly even width, not spatulate, second tail always very much shorter than the first. Wings, upperside : forewing, median bars R2-M1 always marked, bar M1-M2 also often present, median bars SC5-R2 generally developed to triangular patches ; discal bar deeply incurved, more or less arrowhead-shaped, especially bar R2-R3, black or fulvous, prolonged distad at the veins, these luniform markings in nearly the same position as the
discal lunules of the underside, the latter markings, therefore, not shining through above, or the discal lunules of the upperside are partly a little more proximal than those of the underside (in the allied species the reverse is the case) ; postdisco-submarginal patches more or less ovate, 2 to 7 mm. in diameter, patch SC4-SC5 the largest, black or brownish black, separate from the black, or blackish brown, edge of the wing, but sometimes the admarginal interspace, except the last ones, so densely shaded with black that the rounded outer edge of the spots is scarcely traceable ;discal and postdiscal interspaces paler than the basal area of the wing, sometimes white. Hindwing : median bars C-R1 seldom absent, the following two or three seldom present ; bar D present only in a few forms ; discal luniform bars present in some subspecies, in the subspecies from New Hanover very heavy ; postdiscosubmarginal patches ovate, the second the largest, the white submarginal dots within them sometimes absent from the upper patches.
Underside paler than in male, the submedian, discal, postdiscal and admarginal interspaces of both wings especially pale, bars as in male, discal ones of forewing more arched, the discal interspaces of both wings with fulvous yellow or blackish scaling distally, this scaling forming triangular patches which arc distally bordered by the discal lunules.
Length of forewing : male38-45 mm. female, 47-57 mm.
Biology
They fly all year and may complete several generations annually. Males are territorial and occupy perches some 6m up in forest trees, while females frequent forest edges and clearings. Their food plant is Cryptocarya triplinervis.
Subspecies
Charaxes latona latona (Bacan)
Charaxes latona artemis Rothschild, 1900 (Sula)
Charaxes latona aruanus Butler, 1872 (Aru)
Charaxes latona brennus C. & R. Felder, [1867] (Halmahera)
Charaxes latona diana Rothschild, 1898 (New Hannover)
Charaxes latona gigantea Hagen, 1897 (eastern Papua New Guinea)
Charaxes latona grandis Hanafusa, 1989 (Morotai)
Charaxes latona insignis Hanafusa, 1991 (Moluccas)
Charaxes latona layardi Butler, 1896 (Bismarck archipelago)
Charaxes latona leto Rothschild, 1898 (d'Entrecasteaux Islands)
Charaxes latona marcia Joicey & Noakes, 1915 (Biak)
Charaxes latona meridionalis Rothschild, 1900 (south-eastern Papua New Guinea)
Charaxes latona ombiranus Rothschild, 1900 (Obi)
Charaxes latona papuensis Butler, 1869 (Irian Jaya)
Charaxes latona stephanus Rothschild, 1900 (north-eastern Papua New Guinea)
References
latona
Butterflies of Oceania
Butterflies of Indonesia
Butterflies described in 1866
Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler
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41041355
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left%20Bank%20of%20the%20Rhine
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Left Bank of the Rhine
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The Left Bank of the Rhine (, ) was the region north of Lauterbourg that is now in western Germany and was conquered during the War of the First Coalition and annexed by the First French Republic.
After the French attempt to create a Cisrhenian Republic had foundered, the territories west of the Rhine were reorganised into several départements in the First Republic. After the allied victory over Napoleon I in 1814, the territories were temporarily administered by the Central Administrative Departement (Zentralverwaltungsdepartement). The Sarre province and the district of Landau in der Pfalz, which had been French before the Napoleonic Wars, became by the final act of the Congress of Vienna ceded to the coalition's members of the coalition. The recent annexations done under the First Republic were undone. From those territories, the Bavarian Circle of the Rhine (Rheinkreis) and the Hessian province of Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) were formed in 1816.
The regions in the north went to Prussia and were initially part of the two provinces of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and the Grand Duchy of the Lower Rhine from which the Rhine Province emerged in 1822. The southern Left Bank territories, which had for centuries been under imperial rule in the Holy Roman Empire until they were seized by France, mostly in the 17th century, were restored to the new German Empire in 1871, after France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. Parts of the region were consolidated into the Imperial Territory of Alsace-Lorraine for 48 years (1871–1919), but Alsace Lorraine itself was allocated to France after the First World War. The remainder of the Rhineland was retained by Germany, albeit under Allied occupation from 1918 and then French occupation from 1920 until 1925.
French Revolution
By the late autumn of 1794, the French Army had occupied the left bank of the Rhine. The legal annexation of the territories was formally prepared at the Treaty of Leoben (1797) and concluded by the Treaties of Camp Formio (1797) and Lunéville (1801).
At the 1795 Peace of Basel, all of the Left Bank of the Rhine was taken by France. Its population was about 1.6 million and was divided into numerous small states. In 1806, all of the Rhenish princes all joined the Confederation of the Rhine, a puppet state of Napoleon. France took direct control of the Rhineland until 1814 and radically and permanently liberalized its government, society and economy. The coalition of France's enemies made repeated efforts to retake the region, but France repelled all of its attempts.
The French swept away centuries worth of outmoded restrictions and introduced unprecedented levels of efficiency. The chaos and barriers in a land divided and subdivided among many different petty principalities gave way to a rational simplified centralised system controlled by Paris and run by Napoleon's relatives. The most important impact came from the abolition of all feudal privileges and historic taxes, the introduction of legal reforms of the Napoleonic Code and the reorganisation of the judicial and local administrative systems. The economic integration of the Rhineland with France increased prosperity, especially in industrial production, and business accelerated with the new efficiency and lowered trade barriers. The Jews were liberated from the ghetto. There was only limited resistance, and most Germans welcomed the new regime, especially the urban elites, but one sore point was the hostility of the French officials toward the Roman Catholic Church, the religion of most inhabitants.
The reforms were permanent, and decades later, workers and peasants in the Rhineland still often appealed to Jacobinism to oppose unpopular government programs. The intelligentsia demanded the maintenance of the Napoleonic Code, which remained in effect for a century.
Administrative structure
In 1798 the administration of the region was reorganized along French lines and it was divided into départements. The French Directory charged the Alsatian, François-Joseph Rudler, with this task and appointed him as the "General Ruling Commissar of All Conquered Lands between the Meuse and the Rhine and the Rhine and the Moselle". Rudler had hitherto been the judge at the Court of Cassation in Paris. His division of the region into four départements lasted until the end of the French period and consisted of:
Département de la Roer, Rur-Département (capital: Aachen),
Département de la Sarre, Saardépartement (capital: Trier),
Département de Rhin-et-Moselle, Département Rhein-Mosel (capital: Koblenz),
Département du Mont-Tonnerre, Département Donnersberg (capital: Mainz).
An area in the South Palatinate was allocated to the:
Département Bas-Rhin (capital: Strasbourg).
Political changes
In addition to the centralization of the administration along French lines the rest of French law was introduced. That included the lifting of all estates-based privileges, the creation of egalitarianism, the establishment of a new judicial order and the introduction of the Napoleonic code. Ecclesiastical estates were secularised. Bound up with that was a fundamental restructuring of the land ownership and economic relationships. The primary beneficiaries were the ordinary citizens. Less successful was the area of educational politics. Instead of a reform of the universities, the French administration established specialist high schools.
Criticism came from church-influenced counties as well as, during the Napoleonic period, from former German Jacobins. Whilst the former complained about secularisation, the later protested about the suppression of freedom. Resentment over military conscription was common throughout the population.
Linguistic relics of the French period
During the French period many dialectal words of French origin entered everyday speech, such as Plümo (feather bed), Filou, Monnie (money), and Drottewaar (pavement). In Koblenz the term Schängel appeared, derived from the French Christian name Jean and (apparently pejoratively) referred to the French-fathered children of German mothers.
See also
Natural borders of France
References
Further reading
Blanning, T. C. W. The French Revolution in Germany: Occupation and Resistance in the Rhineland 1792-1802 (1983)
Brophy, James M. Popular Culture and the Public Sphere in the Rhineland, 1800-1850 (2010)
Diefendorf, Jeffry M. Businessmen and Politics in the Rhineland, 1789-1834 (1980)
Rowe, Michael, From Reich to State: The Rhineland in the Revolutionary Age, 1780-1830 (2007)
External links
Vom Ancien Régime zum Wiener Kongress Von Elisabeth Fehrenbach page 48 and following for the annexation of the Rhineland
Landschaftsverband Rheinland: Das Rheinland unter den Franzosen 1794 - 1815
Wine regions of Germany
Former departments of France
History of the Rhineland
Electoral Palatinate
France–Germany relations
History of North Rhine-Westphalia
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41041367
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Mao%27s%20Second%20Spring
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Old Mao's Second Spring
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Old Mo's Second Spring () is a 1984 Taiwanese drama film directed by You-ning Lee. The film was selected as the Taiwanese entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. It won the Golden Horse Award for Best Feature Film in 1984.
Cast
Sun Yueh as Lao Mo
Chun-fang Chang as Yumei
See also
List of submissions to the 57th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Taiwanese submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
1984 films
1984 drama films
1980s Mandarin-language films
Films with screenplays by Wu Nien-jen
Taiwanese drama films
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41041372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowling%20at%20the%202006%20Asian%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles
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Bowling at the 2006 Asian Games – Men's singles
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The men's singles competition at the 2006 Asian Games in Doha was held on 3 December 2006 at Qatar Bowling Centre.
Schedule
All times are Arabia Standard Time (UTC+03:00)
Results
References
Results at ABF Website
Results
External links
Official Website
Men's singles
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41041379
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Servicio%20Meteorol%C3%B3gico%20Nacional
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Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
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Servicio Meteorológico Nacional may refer to one of the following national weather services:
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)
Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Mexico)
See also
National Weather Service (United States), known in Spanish as Servicio Nacional de Meteorología
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41041386
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando%20Carlos%20Maletti
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Fernando Carlos Maletti
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Fernando Carlos Maletti (17 March 1949 – 8 March 2022) was an Argentine prelate of the Catholic Church in Argentina. He served as bishop of San Carlos de Bariloche from 2001 until 2013 and as the bishop of Merlo-Moreno from 2013 until his death in 2022 at the age of 72.
Life and career
Born in Buenos Aires, Maletti was ordained to the priesthood on 24 November 1973. As a priest he served in various roles:
1973–1977 Cooperator Vicar
1977 Formator in the Major Seminary
1981–1983 Councilor of the Archdiocesan Council of Young Women of Catholic Action
1983–1988 Director of the "Saint Joseph" Vocational Institute
1988 Judge of the Interdiocesan Tribunal
1988 Parish Priest of San Cayetano, in Buenos Aires
1989–1990 Deputy Councilor of the Archdiocesan Council of Women of Catholic Action
1989 Dean of Deanery 11 of Buenos Aires
1989 Member of the College of Consultors and of the Presbyteral Council
On 20 July 2001, Maletti was appointed bishop of San Carlos de Bariloche. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 18 September from Jorge Mario Bergoglio, archbishop of Buenos Aires and later Pope Francis, with bishop of Avellaneda-Lanús, , bishop of San Martín, Raúl Omar Rossi, auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires, Horacio Ernesto Benites Astoul, and auxiliary bishop of Buenos Aires, Jorge Eduardo Lozano, serving as co-consecrators. He was installed as bishop on 22 September 2001.
On 6 May 2013, he was appointed bishop of Merlo-Moreno installed on the following 9 June.
As part of the Episcopal Conference of Argentina, Maletti served in different roles, including:
President of the Episcopal Commission for Aid to Regions in Need
Member of the Commission for Aborigines.
Head of the national commission for the pastoral care of addictions and drug dependence
Maletti died on 8 March 2022 in Buenos Aires, at the age of 72, from COVID-19, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina. A funeral mass for Malettie was celebrated by the Archbishop of Buenos Aires and Cardinal Primate of Argentina, Mario Aurelio Poli, on 9 March at the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary in Moreno.
Notes
References
External links
1949 births
2022 deaths
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Argentina
Roman Catholic bishops of Merlo-Moreno
Roman Catholic bishops of San Carlos de Bariloche
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina
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41041390
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Plunket%20%28Chief%20Justice%29
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Thomas Plunket (Chief Justice)
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Sir Thomas Plunket (c.1440–1519) was a wealthy Irish landowner, lawyer and judge in fifteenth-century and early sixteenth-century Ireland. He held office as Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer and Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas. After the change of the English royal family in 1485, his loyalty to the new Tudor dynasty was deeply suspect, and he was involved in two attempts to put a pretender on the English throne. On each occasion he was disgraced, fined and removed from office; yet he had sufficient political influence to ensure his return to favour and high office.
He is principally remembered as the builder of the impressive family residence, Dunsoghly Castle, Finglas, which still exists. He should not be confused with his uncle, Sir Thomas Fitz-Christopher Plunket.
Family
He was born in County Meath, the only son of Sir Robert Plunket, who served briefly as Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in 1447, and his wife Genet Finglas. Sir Robert was the fourth of the seven sons of Sir Christopher Plunket, who married the Cusack heiress, and was created 1st Baron Killeen in about 1426. Thomas was "bred to the law": his uncle Thomas was also Lord Chief Justice, and his extended family produced six senior judges over four generations.
Career
By 1480 Thomas had become a very wealthy man. He held extensive lands in County Dublin at Castleknock, Cabra and Finglas. It has been suggested that his father began the building of the main family residence, Dunsoghly Castle, at Finglas, but the weight of the evidence points to Thomas as the builder. Dunsoghly today is one of the few fifteenth-century Irish castles to remain intact, and the only one whose original timber roof survives.
Dunsoghly Castle
He was appointed Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1480 and Chief Justice of the Common Pleas two years later.
Lambert Simnel
In 1487 a priest called Richard Simon (or Symonds) appeared in Ireland accompanied by a young boy called Lambert Simnel, who due to their striking physical resemblance was able to impersonate Edward Plantagenet, 17th Earl of Warwick. As the nephew and direct male heir of the last two Yorkist Kings, the real Earl of Warwick (who was actually a prisoner in the Tower of London), had a much stronger claim to the English Crown than did Henry VII, who had only a remote claim to the Crown through his mother as the heir in the female line of John of Gaunt.
The Anglo-Irish nobility were overwhelmingly Yorkist in sympathy, and they also saw the conflict as a chance to strengthen their own power at the Crown's expense. Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, the dominant magnate in Ireland, declared for Simnel, who was crowned King Edward VI in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. Ball remarks that most of the Irish judiciary followed Kildare "like sheep"; but Plunket played an active role in rallying support for Simnel, and as a result, in his later years he was regarded by the English Crown with particular mistrust.
Simnel, with about 4500 Irish troops, invaded England, but his army was crushed by the royal army at the Battle of Stoke Field in June 1487. Henry VII was merciful in victory: Simnel was taken into the royal household as a kitchen boy, and later promoted to the more prestigious post of falconer, while Kildare and most of his fellow nobles were given a royal pardon.
Aftermath of the Simnel rebellion
The general pardon did not extend to Plunket, or to Sir James Keating, Prior of the Order of St John of Jerusalem at Kilmainham, since these two men, for no very clear reason, were regarded as "the prime instigators" of the rebellion, rather than the Earl of Kildare. Sir Richard Edgcumbe, who was sent to Ireland in 1488 to accept the submission of the Irish nobles, refused, despite Kildare's pleas on their behalf, to take oaths of homage or fealty from Plunket or Keating, "who were specially noted among the other chief causes of the Rebellion". Eventually, with great reluctance, Edgcumbe was persuaded to pardon Plunket, but he refused to show clemency to Keating, who was removed from office and died in poverty in about 1491. Plunket retained office, but he was never fully trusted again, with good reason as it turned out.
Perkin Warbeck
In 1491 a second pretender to the English Crown, Perkin Warbeck, appeared in Ireland: he claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, younger son of King Edward IV of England. He received far less support than Simnel, (Kildare, prudently, refused to back him) but a small rising took place in which Plunket was implicated. He was removed from office, fined for "diverse seditions and transgressions", and subject to confiscation of his goods, including some extremely valuable silver plate, but he was not imprisoned. His removal was probably part of a general purge of Kildare's supporters among the Irish judiciary: although Kildare had not made the mistake of supporting Warbeck, his loyalty was still deeply suspect. Warbeck reappeared in Ireland in 1495, but it is not known if Plunket had any further dealings with him.
Last years
In 1498, rather surprisingly, Plunket regained office as Chief Justice, probably at the request of Kildare, who had now been restored to favour. In his last years on the Bench, he held office jointly with Richard Delahide, who had married his granddaughter Jenet. He retired in 1515 and died in 1519.
An inventory of his possessions, taken in connection with the fine imposed on him in 1491, and which refers among many other items to "gilt salt cellars" and "coconut cups", confirms his great wealth. He was a noted benefactor of Christ Church Cathedral, presenting it with gifts of gold, silver and vestments, and assigning to the Cathedral Chapter his lands at Cabra, Dublin, subject to a life interest for himself and his second wife Helen.
Marriage and Children
He married firstly Janet Finglas, and secondly Helen Strangwick; neither marriage can be dated. He had two children:
Christopher, who inherited Dunsoghly Castle; he had three sons, of whom the eldest was Sir John Plunket, the third member of his family to be Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, and at least two daughters: Jenet, who married Chief Justice Delahide, and Margaret who married John Garvey, Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of Ireland.
Elizabeth, who married Edmund Barnewall of Crickstown and had issue, including Jenet (or Elizabeth), who married Sir Robert Dillon (died 1580), Chief Justice of the Irish Common Pleas.
References
1519 deaths
Lawyers from County Meath
Year of birth uncertain
Chief Barons of the Irish Exchequer
Chief Justices of the Irish Common Pleas
15th-century Irish judges
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41041419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuja%20ul-Mulk
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Shuja ul-Mulk
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His Highness Sir Shuja ul-Mulk KCIE (1 January 1881 – 13 October 1936) was the Ruler (from ) of the State of Chitral, and reigned it for 41 years until his death in 1936. He belonged to the royal Katur dynasty, which ruled the state from 1571 to 1969, until the Princely State of Chitral was merged to form the Chitral District of the Provincially Administered Tribal Areas, Malakand Division, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan.
His rule saw the State of Chitral experience an extensive period of unwonted peace. He introduced widespread and far-reaching changes and administrative reforms. Shuja ul-Mulk rendered important services to the British Empire during the Third Anglo-Afghan War. He was invested as a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) by the British in 1903, and Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1919. He was granted a personal gun salute of 11 guns, and the title of His Highness.
Early life
Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk was born into the ruling family of Chitral in 1881. He was the second youngest son of Aman ul-Mulk, the ‘Great’ Mehtar of Chitral, who ruled the state from 1857 to 1892, during which the state reached its territorial peak. Shuja ul-Mulk's mother was a princess, the daughter of the Khan of Asmar.
Political turmoil and provisional recognition
When Mehtar Aman ul-Mulk died in 1892, a long war of succession broke out between his sons, with Umra Khan of Jandol and Sher Afzul in the background, which lasted three years. During his father's life-time, Nizam ul-Mulk was the acknowledged heir to the throne. However Afzal ul-Mulk happened to be at Chitral on the momentous date while Nizam was absent and in Yasin. Afzal promptly seized all the arms and treasure in the fort of Chitral, and proclaimed himself Mehtar, and then proceeded to murder his brothers whom he saw as potential contenders to the throne. Meanwhile, he also addressed letters to the Viceroy of India and to the British Foreign Secretary, announcing the death of his father, and his own accession to the Mehtarship, with the consent of the people and of his brothers. However, after a reign of just a few months he was killed by his uncle Sher Afzul, who coming up stealthily from Kabul, attacked the fort by night and slew him. During this period Nizam ul-Mulk had been the guest of the British at Gilgit, and induced the belief amongst the Chitralis that his bid for sovereignty was backed by the force of British arms. Once Nizam returned from Gilgit he succeeded in ousting Sher Afzul who once again fled to Kabul. Nizam is believed to be an agreeable man, cultivated with many European tastes, but that was hardly helpful for his cause. Nizam ul-Mulk was murdered on 1 January 1895, while on a hunting tour, by his ungrateful brother, Amir ul-Mulk, whose life he had spared. The stimulated Amir, sent a deputation to Lieutenant Bertrand Gurdon, then Resident Political Officer in Chitral, asking to be recognised as Mehtar, but was told that the orders of the British Government must be awaited.
On 8 January 1895, 50 men of the 14th Sikhs marched down from Mastuj to join Gurdon in Chitral. On 1 February the British Agent arrived from Gilgit over the Shandur Pass, with an escort commanded by then Captain Townshend of Central India Horse, composed of 280 men of the 4th Kashmir Rifles i.e. Imperial Service Troops and 33 men of the 14th Sikhs under Lieutenant Harley. Their purpose was to give support to Gurdon, prevent blood spill from engulfing the British officers in Chitral and impede falling of the Mehtarship into hostile hands. Characteristically there were no cannons, with the advancing group, had there been, there would have been no subsequent siege. However hearing that Umra Khan had taken Kila Drosh, been joined by Sher Afzul, was in complicity with Amir and inching towards Chitral, Sir George Scott Robertson moved the British forces into the Chitral fort out of necessity. Shuja ul-Mulk at age 12 appeared intelligent, took keen interest in all matters of state and was said to have a natural kingliness of manner, with a sedative gravity. Thus at a durbar on 2 March 1895, Sir George declared that subject to the approval of the Government of India, Shuja ul-Mulk was recognised as Mehtar. Shuja's fate, thereon, was tied to that of the few British officers around him. Captain Townshend for whom he seemed to have real affection was made responsible for his personal safety and security. Shuja ul-Mulk was nicknamed by the British troops, ‘Sugar and Milk’. The enemy strength was computed to be around 1200 men. On 4 March the enemy closed in around the fort and the siege began, with the Chitralies compelled to join Sher Afzul for well-founded fear of their families. Inside the fort the British considered the stocks, put everyone on half ration and calculated that they could hold out for two and a half months or about the middle of June.
Siege of Chitral and accession
The narrative of the events in Chitral traveled far and wide, and obligated an intervention to maintain British prestige and restore morale. The British met in Calcutta and resolved to break the siege by military force.
For the relief of the besieged, the 1st Division of Field Army under Major General Sir Robert Low, with General Bindon Blood as his Chief of Staff was mobilized. In the meantime news reached the Government of India of the misfortune which befell the team of Captain Ross and Lieutenant Jones and the detachment of Lieutenant Edward and Fowler. Thus increasing the urgency to act and necessitated the simultaneous involvement of Colonel James Graves Kelly, commanding the 32nd Sikh Pioneers Gilgit to march to the relief from the north.
The Division under Sir Robert Low consisting of 15,000 troops, assembled into three infantry brigades, and with some 30,000 mules, horses and camels had by this time marched over the Malakand Pass into Swat and Dir. They were met by heavy resistance and engaged into fighting by the local tribesmen, but were on their way to Chitral. At the same time, with 400 soldiers from the 32nd Sikh Pioneers and a 2 gun section of No.1 Kashmir Mountain Battery. And a 1,000 levies used as porters, Colonel Kelly marched over the 12,000 feet Shandur Pass in freezing cold temperature and deep snow. On 18 April 1895 the column reached Koghazi where Colonel Kelly received a letter from Sir George who was then in Chitral, informing him that the besieging force of Sher Afzul and Umra Khan had withdrawn and the siege of Chitral fort had ended. The advance of Kelly's column with the more distant threat of Sir Robert Low's relieving force from the South had forced the abandonment of the siege. On 20 April 1895 Colonel Kelly's column marched into Chitral.
In the light of information that the situation in Chitral had normalised General Robert Low, halted the full advance and ordered then Brigadier General Gatacre to press on with a small column over the Lowari Pass to Chitral. On 15 May 1895 General Gatacre reached Chitral, with Sir Robert Low joining him the next day. Shuja presented Sir Robert and officers of the 2nd Battalion of the IV Gorkha Rifles with a cannon left over by Sher Afzul.
In the meantime Shuja ul-Mulk was permanently installed as the Mehtar of Chitral, at a durbar held at the Chitral Fort on 2 September 1895.
The issue of retention
Following the relief of Chitral and coronation of Shuja ul-Mulk as Mehtar, the question of future policy confronted the Government of India. Two alternatives presented themselves: either the British could, "abandon the attempt to keep up an effective control over Chitral or they could put a sufficient garrison there". As far as Shuja was concerned, a sudden pull out by the British would create a power vacuum and set the stage for further belligerence in the state of which he had just assumed rulership. It would also, undoubtedly place his life in great jeopardy.
Military experts were divided as to the aptness of each course. Lord Roberts lent his support to the advocates of retention. Arrayed against him were formidable military authorities, such as Sir Donald Stewart, Sir Neville Chamberlain, Sir John Adye, Sir Charles Gough and Lord Chelmsford. In hindsight the danger of an attack upon India from Russia in 1895 were infinitesimal. The Viceroy's Executive Council decided unanimously that to maintain British influence in Chitral was "a matter of first importance". On 13 June 1895, however, Lord Rosebery's Cabinet replied firmly that no military force or British agent should be kept at Chitral, that Chitral should not be fortified and that no road should be made between Peshawar and Chitral. They repudiated the Forward Policy which had been consistently followed since 1876. But in the nick of time the Liberal Government fell and Lord Salisbury's Cabinet reversed their decision. Thus the retention of Chitral was sanctioned and the road which that sanction necessitated was completed.
Chitral was to be a part sovereign state, her internal affairs were left entirely in the hands of Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk and his advisers. The Government of India was to conduct and have control over all foreign relations. However the areas of Mastuj and Laspur were taken away and placed under independent governors by the British. A British garrison was installed at Chitral consisting of two Indian infantry regiments, a company of Sapper and Miners from the Indian Army Corps of Engineers and a battery of mountain artillery. Garrisons of local levies numbering 200 in all and armed with Snider–Enfield rifles were installed in detachments across Lower Chitral. It was promised that Shuja ul-Mulk as Mehtar would receive a monthly subsidy of 1,000 Indian rupees and an annual payment of 8,000 rupees to compensate him for the loss of the 2 districts.
One of Shuja's first act as Mehtar was to announce a general amnesty for all, who had taken part in the rebellion.
Powers as Mehtar
Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk reigned under a Council of Regency until he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers. His powers as Mehtar, in theory at least were most despotic, as Lord Curzon had noted in his diary.
As Mehtar, he was supreme in judicial, legislative as well as in executive authority.
Formation of Chitral Scouts (1903)
On the invitation of the British, Shuja ul-Mulk in 1903, collaborated to create the Chitral Scouts, a native force which could serve in the defence of the land. Initially the force consisted of 1,000 men serving under two British officers, however with the passage of time the strength increased manifolds. The scouts served as local cragsmen, guarding passes and deterring outsiders. In contrast to the State Bodyguards the Chitral Scouts received extensive training and better quality weapons.
Formalisation of State Bodyguard Force (1909)
Since the time of Aman ul-Mulk an informal para-military force existed. In 1909 the force was formalised and came to consist of 6 companies, each with 110 men, thus the State Bodyguard Force came into being. Shuja ul-Mulk as Mehtar was to be the Chief Commander of the force. With the passage of time the force grew so as to include as many as 40 companies consisting of over 4,000 strong men. The force played a vital role in the defence of Chitral during the Anglo-Afghan War of 1919.
Legal Reforms
For centuries the seat of the Mehtar was at the helm of the judicial system. According to Colonel John Biddulph "The administration of justice was practically the will of the ruler, though nominally the precepts of the Shariyat are observed". Nonetheless it would be wrong to assume that all disputes were resolved through executive fiat or were the result of the Mehtar flaunting his prerogative. The vast majority of cases were resolved under Islamic or customary law.
Until the death of Aman ul-Mulk in 1892, there existed no department of justice. Civil disputes were resolved by the Mehtar after consultation with his aids in open court. Whereas criminal matter were ordinarily decided by a jury of Muslim theologians.
Judicial Council
In 1909, as part of an effort to reorganise the judicial system, the Judicial Council, locally known as the Kausal was established by Shuja ul-Mulk. Composed of up to 10 notables at a time, the body heard both civil and criminal petitions. Case were by and large decided in light of customary law and executive precedents. Sub-committees of the Judicial Council were set-up at local level from where an appeal would lie to the principal seat and ultimately the Mehtar. It was not necessary for a petitioner to navigate the cumbersome judicial hierarchy, as the Mehtar could be petitioned directly in appropriate cases.
Mizan-e-Shariah
The same year Shuja established the Mizan-e-Shariah (‘Scales of the Shariah’), a body that would try cases which were to be decided under Islamic law. The Chief justice of this court was known as the Qazi-ul-Quza and was assisted by 4 or 5 reputable theologians, all appointed by the Mehtar. As a convention Shuja made it a point not to disagree with the Mizan or the Judicial Councils verdicts except in extraordinary circumstances. In such cases the documentation would be returned to the respective court for reconsideration. Prior to these reforms no documentation of civil or criminal cases were maintained. Whereas following them both the courts accepted written petitions and maintained a record of the same. In 1915 stamped paper was introduced and thereafter a documentation of all judicial proceedings was maintained.
Re-integration of Mastuj and Laspur
Following his accession to the throne the District of Mastuj and Laspur had been taken away from Chitral and placed under independent British Governors. Shuja was determined from his very accession to get them back as he justifiably considered them part of Chitral. During his visit in 1899 to India he took up his plea with Viceroy Lord Curzon and persisted in his demand until the Government handed over Mastuj and Laspur to him under an agreement on 13 May 1914.
Efforts to reclaim Yasin etc
After the control of Mastuj and Laspur reverted to Shuja ul-Mulk, he supplicated the British authorities to hand over the areas of Yasin and adjoining districts to him, as Yasin and adjoining districts were a part of Chitral during the reign of Aman ul-Mulk and had later been disjoined. However Maharaja Ranbir Singh of Kashmir the successor of Gulab Singh was adamantly opposed to the idea and wished for Yasin and adjoining districts to remain as a buffer between his dominion and the Mehtar's territory. British administrators considered the Maharaja's reservations perfectly justifiable. Shuja ul-Mulk's requests after having been given the fullest of considerations could not be acceded to as acknowledging his reversionary interest in these districts could potentially lead to conflict between Chitral and Kashmir.
Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)
In 1919 Amanullah Khan the Emir of Afghanistan broke off his relations with British and declared war. India was attacked at different fronts including Chitral. Shuja ul-Mulk received an offer to switch sides on 8 May 1919, however he rejected the offer and kept his side of the pact with the British intact. The Chitral Scouts and Chitral State Bodyguards under the command of Nasir ul-Mulk fought valiantly and immobilised the Afghan attack.
Shuja ul-Mulk was Knighted in 1919 by being invested as a Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE). A year later he was granted the title of His Highness and entitled to a personal salute of 11 guns. The Government of India presented him with 2,000 .303 Lee–Enfield rifles and a large stock of ammunition in recognition of his loyalty. A further consignment of 300 rifles were presented to him in 1925, with almost 700 more in 1927. In 1929 he received two cannons as gift from the British.
Reign (1895–1936)
Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk reigned under a Council of Regency until he came of age and was invested with full ruling powers. He ruled for 41 years, during which Chitral enjoyed an unprecedented period of internal peace. He visited various parts of India and met a number of fellow rulers. In the winter of 1899–1900, Shuja ul-Mulk in company of the Chief of the Gilgit Agency visited the Viceroy of India at Calcutta. It was the first of a series of visits which immensely enlarged his mental horizon. In May 1902, the Mehtar was present at the Vice-Regal Durbar at Peshawar. He was invited to the Delhi Durbar and attended the Coronation Durbar at Delhi in 1903 where he was invested as a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (C.I.E). In 1903 the Commander-in-Chief of India Lord Kitchener who was making a personal inspection of India's mountain frontiers, in the company of General Hubert Hamilton and Sir William Birdwood visited Chitral. Shuja ul-Mulk extended to them a very warm reception. Upon the former's suggestion the Mehtar commissioned the laying of a telegraphy line between Chitral and Gilgit.
During the cold weather of 1904–1905 he visited India again and the following year he met His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales George Frederick Albert (later George V) at a garden party at Government House Peshawar. He paid an informal visit to Simla in September 1907 for ten days and was granted an interview with His Excellency Lord Minto.
Shuja ul-Mulk attended His Majesty the King Emperor's Durbar at Delhi in 1911 and received there the Delhi Durbar Medal. In 1911 Shuja ordered Mirza Muhammad Ghufran to write a book documenting the history of Chitral for which he received considerable tracts of land in different parts of the state. The Tarikh-i-Chitral was written in Persian, compiled and finalized in 1921. It is a landmark work for the history of Chitral and the Hindu Kush region. In May 1918 Sir George Roos-Keppel visited Chitral in an effort to rally support of the Mehtar should war breakout on the frontier. In so visiting, Sir George Keppel became the first Chief Commissioner of the North-West Frontier Province to do so. He was received with great hospitality and returned much enthralled by the Mehtar's assurances. In 1919, in recognition of his loyalty and services during the recently concluded Third Anglo-Afghan War, Shuja ul-Mulk was granted a personal salute of 11-guns, along with a Knighthood by being appointed Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, with the title of His Highness following in 1920. The salute and title were made permanent and hereditary to his successors in 1932.
In 1921 Shuja ul-Mulk visited India and met the Prince of Wales Edward Patrick David (later Edward VIII) on the latter's visit to Ajmer that November. He spent two days at the Viceregal Lodge Delhi, as the guest of Viceroy Lord Reading. He went on to visit Indore, Bombay before arriving at Jammu where he was received at a formal Durbar by the Maharaja of Kashmir Pratap Singh and treated as a state guest. In 1923 Lord Rawlinson the Commander-in-Chief of India while undertaking a trip to the northern outposts of India visited Chitral as a state guest of the Mehtar.
In 1923–1924, Shuja ul-Mulk went on a pilgrimage to Arabia where he visited Mecca and offered the Hajj. The trip commenced in November 1923, with Shuja leaving Chitral and visiting en route Peshawar, Delhi and Bombay. Embarking at Bombay, he proceeded to Basra, Baghdad, Jerusalem, Jeddah, Mecca and Medina. At Medina he remained the guest of King Hussein. He returned to Chitral in August 1924. That year Field Marshal Sir William Birdwood visited Chitral and was entertained as a state guest of the Mehtar.
The same year, Islamia College's student elected body (the Khyber Union), granted honorary life-membership to Shuja ul-Mulk. Shuja was on friendly terms with Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum who had previously served as Assistant Political Agent in Chitral. Upon encouragement from the latter Shuja had made a contribution of Rs 20,000 towards the setting up of the institution, with encouragement from the latter, he began participating in the growth of the institution. When time permitted he presided over meetings of the Trustees of Islamia College. Shuja was elected President of the Islamia College Management Body and visited the institution in that capacity in 1928 and 1931.
In 1926 Shuja ul-Mulk attended the Vice Regal Durbar at Peshawar. He visited India again in 1928 with his visit lasting from 8 October to 1 December that year. During this visit he was accompanied by the Assistant Political Agent Chitral. Shuja began his tour by visiting Swat where he was entertained as a guest of the Wali at Saidu. He proceeded to Peshawar where he remained a guest of Sir Norman Bolton before embarking for Rampur upon the invitation of His Highness the Nawab of Rampur Sir Hamid Ali Khan. Shuja also visited the Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College at Dehradun where he enrolled his younger sons for private education. At Delhi he was accorded an interview with Viceroy Lord Irwin. In November 1931, he visited India again and held a meeting with Viceroy Freeman Thomas, the Marquess of Willingdon regarding the Government of India's policy towards the North West Frontiers. Upon return to Peshawar he stayed a considerable time in the city holding talks with Sir Ralph Griffith before returning to Chitral via air on 27 April 1932.
Reforms
Following his accession Shuja ul-Mulk, guided by his mother and the Commissioned Indian Officers, began introducing widespread and comprehensive reforms.
Land records
From 1898, Shuja ul-Mulk with assistance from the British, reorganized the state's finance machinery. For the first time, the record of all lands and land owners along with the rate at which they were liable to pay revenue to the state was documented in a register. The documentation ensured that tax evasion did not go unnoticed by the state. The register also contained details of state lands allotted to tenant farmers for sharecropping.
Minerals
Much interest was shown by Shuja in exploiting the mineral resources of the state. He employed entire families to pan the Chitral river for Gold dust, the cash generated went to the state coffers. Other minerals extracted included orpiment, silver, lead, antimony, crystallised quartz, iron ore, copper and potassium nitrate. The mineral exports, particularly exports of orpiment to China, proved lucrative and turned in a handsome profit. By 1914, export of orpiment fetched an average of 20,000 Kabulis.
Octroi
In the summers, when snow cleared over the Dorah Pass and Lowari Pass, goods of various kind were brought over these passes to Chitral. Traders carting merchandise into and out of the Chitral, as well as those in transit, were historically required to pay a tax known as octroi. The collection of octroi was regulated. By 1919, octroi was fetching the state earnings of almost 4,000 Indian rupees annually. This increased in subsequent years and between 1932 and 1936, for instance, the average annual income from octroi stood at 19,680 rupees. State officials collecting the tax were required to issue printed receipts to merchants, this measure disallowed corruption.
Slavery
Towards the end of the 19th century, young, attractive man and women could be bought and sold for about 300 Kabulis, whereas children could fetch anything from 100 to 300 Kabulis. The practice of slave trade had declined in the 1880s, Amir Abdur Rahman Khan of Afghanistan during his reign (1878-1901), had banned slavery and closed down the slave market in Kabul Province. However, in British India the slave trade legally continued until 1895 before it was banned by the British colonial administration.
Fines
Chitral during the reign of Shuja ul-Mulk, as his predecessors, was by and large a law-abiding society, crime rate was meagre. Fines collected went to the aggrieved person or family and were meant to serve as compensation. Shuja decreed that a certain portion of the fines collected would go to the exchequer.
Ushr
The concept of ushr (tithe) had subsisted, in certain pockets of Chitral, for some time. After consulting state theologians, Shuja ul-Mulk in 1910 took the concept to scale and imposed ushr on a variety of agrarian produce. This new tax was fervidly resisted, particularly in the Ismaili majority Mastuj region. Nevertheless, it was forcibly imposed throughout Chitral by 1918. The grains collected went into state granaries, with the revenue department keeping a record of what had been accumulated. State officials, including the Bodyguard Force received grains from the ushr stock. The records of 1928 reveal that 6,610 maunds of stocks lay in state granaries that year. Following the Siege of Chitral there was permanent British military presence in Chitral. Naturally the forces needed food supplies and initially these were sent over the Lowari Pass. It was soon realised that the cost of conveyance was too exorbitant. Eventually, the British authorities in 1902, awarded the Mehtar the contract to supply the troops. With the passage of time this arrangement earned the state a substantial income which, between 1932 and 1936, averaged 218,800 Rupees annually.
Narcotics
In the 19th century traffic in narcotics was not state regulated. In 1902 a warehouse was established at Boroghil. A fraction of the cannabis and opium shipments were consumed in Chitral with the bulk being sold in markets as far afield as Kabul, Peshawar, Lahore and Bombay. By 1928 the Mehtar was earning 30,000 Rupees annually from the narcotics trade. In later years, cannabis and opium were locally cultivated in Chitral and thus the local produce further added to state revenue.
Timber
Timber trade with Afghanistan had begun in the 19th century. Since the Mehtar enjoyed de facto rights over all forests of Chitral, the revenue generated accrued to the treasury. During the reign of Aman ul-Mulk the trade was at its flourishing best and sometimes earned the state up to 40,000 Kabulis annually. Aware of the value of timber, Shuja ul-Mulk established a Forestry Department in 1908. The department regulated not only the timber trade but also introduced measures to control the use of timber locally, including the imposition of a tax on firewood. Trade in timber continued under Shuja ul-Mulk. However it came to a complete halt following the Anglo-Afghan War of 1919, with sales plummeting. This situation persisted for rest of Shuja's reign.
Markets and shops
To cater to the growing market Shuja ul-Mulk ordered the building of new shops and caravanserais. Officer were appointed to regulate the supply of goods and prices. The new shops built in Chitral, Lot Kuh and Drosh brought in plenty of revenue for the state.
Tailor house
Until the 20th century, the Mehtar's wardrobe contained local dress, made from local fabric only. This gradually changed with Shuja ul-Mulk who in 1914 employed no less than 12 tailors, setting up a tailoring house which would import fabric and prepare dresses for the Mehtar and the royal household. In addition to a tailoring house, Shuja set up a state laundry, near the Chitral Fort. It handled the wear of the royal family and the uniforms of the State Bodyguards.
Education
Education received greater official patronage under Shuja ul-Mulk. Chitral, Drosh, Drasun, Lot Kuh, Mastuj and Shagram saw the establishment of elementary school for boys. Religion and Persian literature were the main subjects being taught here. The state provide grain and other finances to these educational institutes. Shuja ul-Mulk also sent his sons to far off places such as Peshawar, Aligarh and Dehradun to receive modern education.
Healthcare
Rampant epidemics and ailments such as hepatitis, cholera, typhoid and tuberculosis claimed a multitude of lives in Chitral each year. Shuja's rule saw the establishment a hospital in Chitral and another in Drosh. In these hospitals the services of qualified doctors, paramedics and pharmaceutical medicines could be availed.
Telegraph and Telephone
The prospect of setting up a telegraphy line between Chitral and headquarters of neighbouring Gilgit was discussed in 1892, during the life of Aman ul-Mulk. Following the Chitral Expedition an experimental telegraph line was installed over the Lowari. In 1903, during the reign of Shuja ul-Mulk, Chitral and Gilgit were connected via telegraph. In the next year or so telegraph and telephone were set up across the breath of the state connecting all headquarters. Thus the telephone became an integral part of the state machinery in conducting the affairs of the state. It is said that Shuja spent his early evenings on the telephone relaying and relieving messages from distant administrative units of the state to keep himself abreast. To operate and repair the machinery, technicians were called in from India.
Postal service
After 1892, the British began to improve communications within Chitral and in 1895 a regular postal service was launched. Thereafter, state correspondence became a daily routine.
Levy Company
Shuja ul-Mulk also organised a small force known as the Levy Company, consisting of barely over a hundred men, the forces sole responsibility was to protect state postal service. Although small the task the force performed was invaluable for the state.
Irregulars
Aware that the task of guarding the border with Afghanistan was too herculean even for the two regular state forces i.e. Chitral Scouts and Chitral State Bodyguards, Shuja ul-Mulk armed the villagers of Urtsun, Ashurait, Domel, Langurbat and Arnawai with rifles and ammunition to patrol and guard the southern forested border of Chitral. This Irregular force known as the Ashurait-Domelnisar Company unlike the other two state forces received local training, however owing to their special knowledge of the locality were best equipped to deal with intruders.
Intelligence service
Until the reign of Shuja ul-Mulk the only means of flushing out criminals was the concept of collective responsibility. The carrot and stick diplomacy was deployed, whereby citizens on the one end were offered incentives and on the other coerced with sanctions into revealing the identity of criminals. This concept endured in the days of Shuja but was supplemented with a secret intelligence service. The service had its informants in almost each village who would report to the capital. It is believed that the step lowered crime rate further.
Routine
Shuja ul-Mulk's typical day as Mehtar would commence with the rising sun and offering of morning prayers. Breakfast would soon follow, traditionally a few selected nobles would be invited to this exclusive gathering. Following breakfast, he would attend to matters of state.
Important mail would be drawn to the Mehtar's attention early in the day. Shuja would dictate a reply, which his secretary would jolt down to prepare a draft. The draft would be shown to him the following morning and might be approved, reworded or redrafted where after only, Shuja would affix his signature. However some letters were handled quite differently with the letters being read out aloud in open court to elicit the opinion of notables and tribal chiefs prior to preparing a response.
In the morning hours of the day, time was reserved for individual petitioners. Citizens of every class irrespective of gender or status were permitted audience with their ruler. Those who could not plead their case in the morning could do so later in the afternoon. In spite of his immense supremacy Shuja was remarkably accessible.
Shuja ul-Mulk would spend a good part of his early evenings on the telephone, relaying and receiving messages from various parts of the state, to keep himself abreast of local developments, after which he would attend the Mahraka.
Conforming to generation old tradition, Shuja ul-Mulk would have his afternoon and evening meals at a gathering attended by nobles and elders called the Mahraka. It was considered highly coveted for anyone to be invited to this congregation, which the Mehtar would preside over. The Mahrakah was a decorous event, where meals would be followed by prolonged discussions on serious state matters.
Hobbies and interests
A love of sport, characteristic of the peoples of the Hindu Kush, was shared by the Mehtar. Shooting, falconry, polo, chess, and listening to singing accompanied on the sitar, all came within the ambit of his relaxations. Falconry was his favourite sport, and he was very proud of the unrivalled skill of his falconers.
Marriage of States
Shuja ul-Mulk was empathetic to the idea of inter-state and royal-intermarriages, for strategic and political purposes. His sister was married to Miangul Abdul Khaliq, the grandfather of the Wali of Swat. She acted as de facto ruler of Swat for many years after the death of her husband. Another one of his sisters was married to the Nawab of Dir. His daughter was married to Naqibzada Pir Sayyid Jamal ud-din Al-Gilani, a direct descendant of Abdul Qadir Gilani, patronym of the Qadiriyya order. His granddaughter was married to Nawab Muhammad Said Khan, the Nawab of Amb.
Controversy
For several centuries, the heterogeneous society of Sunnis, Shia Ismailis and the Kalash had lived together in harmony without any overt hostilities. However tension arose between Shuja ul-Mulk and his Ismaili subjects. In 1910, Shuja imposed statewide ushur tax, which was most bellicosely opposed by the Ismaili community. In 1917, the community launched a movement to resist the tax, which was remorselessly put down in Mastuj with state brutality. Bulbul Shah, the religious figure at the forefront of the movement was exiled and forced to migrate to Afghanistan.
Upshot of all this was the cultivation of mistrust amongst the Ismaili community who regarding themselves as having been persecuted and felt inclined to resolve disputes within the community without involving state authorities, much to the Mehtar's annoyance. This generated reciprocal skepticism in Shuja who suspected the Ismaili leaders of spying on him on behalf of Gilgit and Badakhshan. In 1923, the misgivings were further fuelled when an Ismaili missionary from India by the name of Sabz Ali travelled to Chitral and instructed the community to continue to have its disputes resolved under the community's own auspices. Perceiving this as an omen of insurrection Shuja gave the orders to forcibly convert Ismailis to Sunnis, thus leading to even wider unrest. The Mehtar had completely misjudged the situation and was treading down a muddy path. Eventually the British authorities intervened and persuaded Shuja to put a halt to the persecution. An inquiry was conducted under Major Hopkinson, which submitted a detailed report. Reconciliation was brought about between Shuja and leaders of the Ismaili community by the efforts of the Political Agent Malakand Agency. In 1926, Shuja at the behest of the British declared an amnesty for all Ismailis, the matter was laid to rest.
While it is true that following his pilgrimage to Mecca in 1923–1924, Shuja became more religious. It is hard to conceive his intentions in persecuting the Ismailis as being religiously motivated given the paradox that at that time other religious communities such as the Kalash, Sikh and Hindues resided in Chitral as well. Sikhs and Hindus, had and were allowed to retain, their monopoly in trade and commerce. And there are no reported incidents of state persecution directed against them. Describing him in 1937, Bertrand Gurdon wrote,"Shuja ul-Mulk was a devout Sunni, and made the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1924, but bigotry and fanaticism found little place in his character."
Titles and Honours
His Highness
Knight Commander of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (KCIE) in 1919
(he had been appointed a Companion of the Most Eminent Order of the Indian Empire (CIE) in the 1903 Durbar Honours)
11 gun salute
Hon. Cdt. the Chitral Scouts
Col. Cdt Chitral Bodyguard
Elected Member of the Himalayan Club
Hon. Life Member of the Khyber Union
Delhi Durbar Gold Medal (1903)
Delhi Durbar Gold Medal (1911)
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal (1935)
Death
Shuja ul-Mulk died on 13 October 1936. He was buried in his ancestral graveyard adjacent to the Royal Fort in Chitral. He was succeeded as Mehtar by his eldest son, Nasir ul-Mulk.
References
1881 births
Companions of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Mehtars of Chitral
North-West Frontier Province
Princely rulers of Pakistan
Nawabs of Pakistan
Chitrali people
Indian knights
20th-century Indian royalty
19th-century Indian royalty
1936 deaths
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41041430
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange%20emperor
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Orange emperor
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Orange emperor may refer to:
Anax speratus, a dragonfly species
Charaxes latona, a butterfly species
Animal common name disambiguation pages
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41041435
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matej%20Pal%C4%8Di%C4%8D
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Matej Palčič
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Matej Palčič (born 21 June 1993) is a Slovenian footballer who plays for Koper as a defender.
References
External links
NZS profile
1993 births
Living people
Footballers from Koper
Slovenian men's footballers
Slovenia men's youth international footballers
Slovenia men's under-21 international footballers
Slovenia men's international footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
FC Koper players
NK Maribor players
Wisła Kraków players
FC Sheriff Tiraspol players
Slovenian PrvaLiga players
Ekstraklasa players
Moldovan Super Liga players
Slovenian expatriate men's footballers
Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Expatriate men's footballers in Poland
Slovenian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Expatriate men's footballers in Moldova
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41041438
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Story%20of%20Nampoo
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The Story of Nampoo
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The Story of Nampoo () is a 1984 Thai drama film directed by Euthana Mukdasanit. It is based on the book of the same name (known in Thai as ) by Suwanni Sukhontha. The film was selected as the Thai entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 57th Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee.
Plot
The story focuses around Nampoo, the son of the writer Suwanni Sukhontha, and his struggles with drug addiction, which eventually lead to his death.
Cast
Rewat Buddhinan
Amphol Lumpoon as Nampoo
Patravadi Sritrairat
Wasamon Watharodom
See also
List of submissions to the 57th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
List of Thai submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
1984 films
1984 drama films
Thai drama films
Thai-language films
Films based on Thai novels
Thai national heritage films
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